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Neuron

3 jenis neuron:
JENIS

FUNGSI

NEURON

FUNGSI:

FUNGSI:

FUNGSI:

Otak Manusia

2 ciri tindakan terkawal:

........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
Contoh : ................................, .........................................

2 ciri tindakan luar kawal:

........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
Contoh : ................................, .........................................

2 ciri tindakan refleks:

........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
Contoh : ................................, .........................................

Suaikan tindakan dan bahagian yang mengawal tindakan tersebut:

Tindakan terkawal
Tindakan luar kawal
Tindakan refleks
Keseimbangan badan

Saraf tunjang
Serebrum
Medula oblongata
Serebelum

Kelenjar Endokrin
1. Nyatakan 2 ciri sepunya kelenjar endokrin:
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
2. Senaraikan 6 contoh kelenjar endokrin beserta nama hormon dan fungsinya
Kelenjar Endokrin

Hormon

Fungsi

3. Labelkan

4. Nyatakan kesan kekurangan hormon yang dirembeskan oleh kelenjar endokrin:

Kelenjar Endokrin

Kesan Kekurangan

Ulangkaji
1.

2.

Which of the following consist of the central nervous system?

Manakah antara yang berikut terdiri daripada sistem saraf pusat?
I
II
III
IV

Brain / Otak
Spinal cord / Saraf tunjang
Spinal nerves / Saraf spina
Cranial nerves / Saraf kranium

A
B
C
D

I and II only
I and III only
II and IV only
III and IV only

Diagram 1 shows the components of the human nervous system.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan komponen dalam sistem saraf manusia.

What is X?
Apakah X?
A
B
C
D

3.

Diagram 1 Rajah 1

Sensory nervous system / Sistem saraf deria

Spinal nervous system / Sistem saraf tunjang
Peripheral nervous system / Sistem saraf periferi
Receptors and effectors / Reseptor dan efektor

Diagram 2 shows a neurone.

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Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu neuron.

Diagram 2 Rajah 2

What is X?
Apakah X?
A
B
C
D
4.

Axon / Akson
Dendron / Dendron
Dendrite / Dendrit
Cell body / Badan sel

Diagram 3 shows a type of neurone.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan sejenis neuron.

Diagram 3 Rajah 3
The neurone carries an impulse from
Neuron itu membawa impuls dari
A
B
C
D
5
.

the
the
the
the

effector to the central nervous system / efektor ke sistem saraf pusat

central nervous system to the effector / sistem saraf pusat ke efektor
receptor to the central nervous system / reseptor ke sistem saraf pusat
central nervous system to the receptor / sistem saraf pusat ke reseptor

Diagram 4 shows the impulse pathway in nervous coordination.

Rajah 4 menunjukkan lintasan impuls dalam koordinasi saraf.

Diagram 4

Rajah 4

Which of the following represents R?

Antara yang berikut, yang manakah mewakili R?
A
C

Eyes /Mata
Glands / Kelenjar

B
D

Brain / Otak
Muscle / Otot

6.

The following information shows the parts that are involved in a reflex arc.
Maklumat berikut menunjukkan bahagian yang terlibat dengan arka refleks.
P Motor neurone / Neuron motor
Q Effector / Efektor
R Relay neurone / Neuron
Which of the following impulse pathway is
perantaraan
correct?
S Sensory neurone / Neuron deria
Antara yang berikut, laluan impuls yang
T Receptor / Reseptor
manakah betul?

7.

A
P
Q
R
S
T
B
T
S
R
P
Q
C
R
P
S
Q
T
D
T
S
P
R
Q
Diagram 5 shows one of the receptor found in the human body.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan satu daripada reseptor yang terdapat dalam badan manusia.

Diagram 5 Rajah 5
Which part of the body this receptor can be found?
Di manakah reseptor ini boleh didapati dalam badan?
A
B
C
D
8.

Ahmad picks up his pencil from the floor. What type of action is this?
Ahmad mengambil pensilnya dari lantai. Apakah jenis tindakan itu?
A
B
C
D

9.

Muscle / Otot
Skin / Kulit
Nose / Hidung
Eye / Mata

A reflex action / Tindakan refleks

A capillary action / Tindakan kapilari
A voluntary action / Tindakan terkawal
An involuntary action / Tindakan luar kawal

Diagram 6 shows the impulse pathway of an action.

Rajah 6 menunjukkan laluan impuls bagi satu tindakan.

Reseptor
Saraf tunjang

Diagram 6 Rajah 6

Efektor

The action refers to

Tindakan tersebut merujuk kepada
A a knee jerk / sentakan lutut
B
chewing food / menguyah makanan
C reading a book / membaca buku
D
walking on a rope / berjalan di atas tali
10. Which of the following are advantages of a reflex action?
Manakah antara berikut merupaka kelebihan tindakan reflex.
I It allows a very fast response towards change in the internal and the external
environment
Ia membenarkan tindakbalas pantas terhadap perubahan persekitaran samada
dalaman / luaran
II It protects us from danger by providing fast response.
Ia melindungi kita daripada bahaya dengan bertindakbalas dengan pantas
III The response is automatics. / Tindakbalas yang berlaku secara automatic.
A I and II only
II and III
11.

B I and III only

C II and III only

Which of the following activities is not controlled by cerebrum?

Manakah antara aktiviti berikut bukan dikawal oleh serebrum?

A Movement of limbs / Pergerakan anngota badan

B Breathing / bernafas
C Memory / menyimpan memori
D Sight / Penglihatan
12. Which of part of the brain controls involuntary actions?
Bahagian otak yang manakah mengawal tindakan luar kawal?

D I,

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A
B
C
D

Cranium / Kranium
Cerebrum / Serebrum
Cerebellum / Serebelum
Medulla oblongata / Medula oblongata

13. Diagram 7 shows a part of the human nervous system.

Rajah 7 menunjukkan bahagian sistem saraf manusia.

Diagram 7 Rajah 7
What is labeled S?
Apakah yang berlabel S?
A
B
C
D

Cerebrum / Serebrum
Cerebellum / Serebellum
Spinal cord / Saraf tunjang
Medula oblongata / Medulla oblongata

14. Diagram 8 shows the structure of human brain. Which part of the brain controls
involuntary
actions?
Rajah 8 menunjukkan struktur otak manusia. Bahagian manakah yang mengawal
tindakan luar
kawalan?

Diagram 8 Rajah 8

15. Diagram
9 shows the structure of a human brain.
Which of the parts A, B, C or D controls the body equilibrium?
Rajah 9 menunjukkan struktur otak manusia. Manakah bahagian A, B, C dan D
mengawal keseimbangan badan?

Diagram 9 Rajah 9

16. The outer surface of the cerebrum is highly folded to

Permukaan serebrum adalah berlipat-lipat untuk
A protect the brain from injury.
melindungi otak daripada kecederaan
B reduce the size of the brain.
mengurangkan saiz otak
C speed up the transport of oxygen to the brain
mencepatkan pengangkutan oksigen ke otak
D increase its surface area so that more neurones can be stored.
menambah luas permukaan otak supaya lebih neuron boleh disimpan

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1. Diagram 13 shows a cross section of the human brain.

Rajah 13 menunjukkan keratan rentas otak manusia.

X
Z
Y
Diagram 13
(a)

Rajah 13

Name the parts labeled X, Y and Z.

Labelkan X, Y dan Z.
X : ..................................................................
Y : ..................................................................
Z : ...................................................................

(b)

[3 marks / 3 markah]

State the function of X.

Nyatakan fungsi X .
............................................................................................. [1 mark / 1 markah]

(c)

Mark () the activities that involved part label Y

Tandakan () bagi aktiviti yang melibatkan bahagian berlabel Y

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[1 mark / 1 markah]

2. Diagram 14 shows the human muscle.

Rajah 14 menunjukkan otot manusia.

Diagram 14
(a)

Rajah 14

(i) Name the structure X.

Namakan struktur X.

[1 mark / 1 markah]
(ii) State one function of the structure X.
Nyatakan satu fungsi struktur X.
...
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(b)

Where is the structure X can be found?

Di manakah struktur X boleh dijumpai?
....
[1 mark / 1 markah]

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(c)

Give two activities that involves the structure X.

Berikan dua aktiviti yang melibatkan struktur X.

[2 marks /2 markah]

12. (a) State four differences between voluntary action and involuntary action.

Nyatakan empat perbezaan antara tindakan terkawal dengan tindakan luar kawal.

[4 marks]

Soalan esei 1

Soalan esei 2
(b) Diagram 12 shows several actions .
Rajah 12 menunjukkan beberapa tindakan .

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Study the actions in Diagram 12 and construct the concept of reflex action.
Kaji tindakan-tindakan dalam Rajah 12 dan bina konsep tindakan refleks.

Soalan esei 3