Chemistry Paper 1C 2012

1) (a) In Step 1, the mixture of salt and sand is placed in a

beaker containing water and stirred with a glass rod. In
Step 2, the mixture from Step 1 is poured through a funnel
into a conical flask. In Step 3, the liquid is transferred to a
basin to allow the water to be removed.
(b) (i) A paper (filter) should be placed in A before the mixture from
Step 1 is poured through it.
(ii) The solid that is removed in Step 2 is the sand.
(c) The two processes used in this separation are called
evaporation and filtration.
2) (a) (i) One problem with using iron is that it can rust. The iron
compound that is present in rust is called iron (III) oxide/ Fe2O3.
(ii) Two substances that iron reacts with when it rusts are oxygen
and water.
(b) The type of reaction that occurs when rusting the iron is
oxidation.
(c) Galvanising can prevent iron from rusting, the iron is coated with
another metal in this process. The other metal is called Zinc.
(ii) One object that would be suitable for galvanising is a bucket.
(d) Two other methods used to prevent iron from rusting are oiling
or covering it with plastic.
3) Ammonium chloride has oppositely charged ions.
a) Formula of positive ion: NH4+
Formula of negative ion: Cl(b) (i) Chemical test showing that a substance contains ammonium
ions:
To test for ammonium ions (NH4+), sodium hydroxide solution is
added to the test solution and gently heated. If ammonium ions are
present, ammonia gas will be given off.
(ii) Chemical test showing that a substance contains chloride ions.