Gadolinium is basically a rare earth element which is available for free and it

has paramagnetic properties. This element tends to deposit themselves in

bones and they can remain in bones for several years; hence they are known
as the bone seekers.
In 2014 another consideration was exposed. This was that residues of
gadolinium were fund in patients with normal renal function. This was
published by Kanda et al. in 2014. Further exploration by the team was made
and it was published that a relationship has been established between
abnormal T1 shortening in the patients globus pallidus and the dentate
nuclei in those patients who repeatedly went through administration of
gadopentate dimeglumine and/or gadodiaminde. In 2015 another report was
published by Kandal et al. published that T1 shortening in the dentate nuclei
was associated with repeated administration of ionic GBCA gadopentetate
dimeglumine, but it had nothing to do with repeated administration of
nonionic macrocyclic GBCA gadoteridol. Quattrocchi et al. also succeeded in
confirming

that

the

effect

was

due

to

repeated

administration

of

gadodiamide and not due to iatrogenic therapeutic intervention(s).

Another research was published in 2014 by Kulich et al. According to this
research improved Gadolinium screens are being used to limit the exposure
of the dose for those patients who are coming in radiographic diagnostics of
lung cancers and tuberculosis. The only disadvantage of cesium-iodide
screens is that they are not cheap and affordable.

In another article published by Richard Dargan in 2015, he wrote that none of

the studies made till date could identify if the residual gadolinium was in free
form or chelated form. This is an important concern because the residues
were found in people who had normal kidney functions. The future research
will focus on gadolinium and nine other GBCAs.

http://www.rsna.org/News.aspx?id=17022
http://mpijournal.org/pdf/2014-01/MPI-2014-01-p071.pdf
http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/full/10.1148/radiol.15150025

While neither of these studies was able to identify whether the residual gadolinium was in free
or chelated form, these results are especially concerning because the abnormalities were found
in patients with normally functioning kidneys.