Thiết Kế Công Nghệ Gia Công Trục Cán Thép Vằn

n tt nghip cng ngh ch to my
B gio dc v o to
cng ho x hi ch ngha vit nam
Trng i hc k thut
cng nghip tn
c lp _T do _ Hnh phc
-------o 0 o-------
khoa c kh
B mn: Cng ngh CTM
bn thuyt minh
n tt nghip
ti :
Thit k quy trnh cng ngh gia cng trc cn thp vn
- Trang thit b t chn.

- Sn lng 10000 chi tit/nm.
Ngi thit k
: NGUYN VN CHNG
Lp
: TC2001MA
Gio vin hng dn
: Nguyn Trng Khanh
Ngy giao ti :
10/2006
Ngy hon thnh:
12/2006
T trng b mn
gio vin hng dn
tl/hiu trng
Ch nhim khoa
Gvhd : th.s- Nguyn trng khanh

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
svth : NGUyN VN

B gio dc v o to
cng ho x hi ch ngha vit nam
c lp _ T do _ Hnh phc
-------o 0 o-------
Trng i hc k thut
cng nghip
ti
tt nghip
Ngi thit k
: NGUYN VN CHNG
Lp
: TC2001 MA
Gio vin hng dn
Ngy giao ti :
Ngy hon thnh:
: Nguyn Trng Khanh

20/10/2006
12/2006
Ni dung ti:
Thit k quy trnh cng ngh gia cng trc cn

thp vn
Chuyn : Khng
S lng v kch thc bn v : 6 t A0.
S bn thuyt minh
T trng b mn
(K tn)
: 1 bn thuyt minh
gio vin hng dn
tl/hiu trng
(K tn)
Ch nhim khoa

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Mc lc
STT:
Phn I
Phn II
Trang
Phn tch chi tit gia cng

Xc nh dng sn xut
9
14
Phn III
Xc nh phng php ch to phi
17
Phn IV
Thit k qui trnh cng ngh
19
Phn V
Tnh v tra lng d
40
Phn VI
Tnh v tra ch ct
45
Phn VII
Tnh ton v thit k g
70

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Ti liu tham kho
1
[1].
Hng dn thit k n cng ngh ch to my:
PGS.TS Trn Vn ch -- Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut

2
S tay cng ngh ch to my tp I : [2].
PGS.TS : Nguyn c Lc, L Vn Tin, Ninh c Tn.
TS : Trn Xun Vit
3
S tay cng ngh ch to my tp II : [3].
PGS.TS : Nguyn c Lc, L Vn Tin, Ninh c Tn.
TS : Trn Xun Vit
4
S tay cng ngh ch to my tp III : [4].
PGS.TS : Nguyn c Lc, L Vn Tin, Ninh c Tn
TS : Trn Xun Vit
5
S tay cng ngh ch to my : [5].
Trng H Bch Khoa H Ni.
6
g trn my ct kim loi : [6].
Tc gi : H Vn Vui
Nguyn Vn Long.
7
K thut tin : [7].
Nh xut bn H v gio dc chuyn nghip.
8
K thut phay : [8].
Nh xut bn H v gio dc chuyn nghip.
9
Thit k dao ct kim loi : [9].
Tc gi: Trnh Khc Nghim
10
Gio trnh cng ngh ch to my tp I,II : [10].
11
Tnh ton v thit k g : [11].
Tc gi: ng Ngc Giao
12
S tay thit k c kh : [12].
13
Ch ct khi gia cng c : [13].
14
Dung sai v o lng k thut : [14].
15
Phng php cn kim loi thng dng : [15].

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Nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn

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Nhn xt ca gio vin chm

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li ni u
Trong cng cuc cng nghip hin i ho t nc, nghnh
c kh c mt vai tr quan trng trong s pht trin ca nn
kinh t quc dn. Trong nghnh ch to my ng mt vai
tr then cht m bo thit k, sn xut ra cc chi tit my,
trang thit b v dng c lao ng, my mc cng c cho cc
ngnh kinh t khc.
p ng c nhu cu ca cc nghnh kinh t quc
dn, vi s pht trin ca Khoa hc-K thut ngy cng cao
th lnh vc khoa hc cng ngh v ch to my cn phi c
u t pht trin. Mc tiu cui cng ca cng ngh ch to my
l nhm t c cht lng tt, sn phm uy tn, tin cy,
nng xut cao, gi thnh h.
Do vy m i vi cc cn b ngnh k thut ni chung
cng nh cc cng nhn ngnh k thut phi nhn thc ng
n, hiu bit su rng. c bit l cc sinh vin vi n
tt nghip l mt trong nhng ni dung c bn nht m mi
sinh vin i hc ngnh k thut phi thc hin v hon thnh
sau khi ra trng.
n tt nghip nhm tng kt li mt cch c bn, ton
b nhng kin thc trang b cho sinh vin trong 5 nm hc,
ng thi gip sinh vin thc c cng vic, k thut c bn
ca ngi cn b k thut. C th ni rng n ni chung v
n tt nghip ni ring, lm cho sinh vin trng thnh
nhiu trong cng vic, trang b v t trang b kin thc.
Vi bn n Thit k quy trnh cng ngh gia cng
trc cn thp vn" m ti tin hnh ny s mang li cho ti
nhiu iu b ch. N gip n li nhng kin thc hc nh:
Cng ngh ch to my.
My ct kim loai.
Nguyn l v dng c ct.
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Sc bn vt liu .
Tnh ton qu trnh hnh thnh cc chi tit my, sn phm

c kh. Ngoi ra cn l ng lc cc sinh vin pht huy tnh
sng to cho mnh. To iu kin thun li cho chng ta chun
b vn dng nhng kin thc hc ra ngoi thc t.
Nhng iu m cc sinh vin hc tp trong nh trng l
rt b ch cho s vn ln ca bn thn. Ci chnh m chng
ta nhn thc c l kh nng suy ngh, bit phn tch vn
v tm ti bit vn dng cc tin b ca khoa hc k thut
ci cc kin thc phc v cho li ch ca chng ta .
Vi kin thc cn nhiu khuyt thiu, ti liu tham kho
cn hn ch, nhng c s gip tn tnh ca thy gio hng
dn cng nh ca cc thy gio, c gio, bn b v s l lc ca
bn thn, ti c bn hon thnh n tt nghip mn
cng ngh ch to my ny.
Vic lm n tt nghip l mt qu trnh hc tp mang
tnh tng hp, do vy ti rt mong c cc thy, c gip ,
ng gp kin bn n ca ti hon thin hn.
Ti xin chn thnh cm n Thc s Nguyn Trng
Khanh cng ton th cc thy c v cc bn gip ti hon
thnh n ny!
Ngi thit k
Nguyn Vn Chng

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Phn I
phn tch chi tit gia cng
Trong ngnh k thut c bit l ngnh c kh cc sn
phm c kh, thit b my mc u c ch to theo mt quy
trnh nht nh. Cc sn phm ny i hi phi c tm
hiu mt cch t m v su sc, do vy vic thit lp quy
trnh ch to ra mt chi tit no th vic nghin cu tm
chc nng, iu kin lm vic, tnh cng ngh l rt quan
trng c th tin hnh thit k.
I.
Nguyn l v iu kin lm vic ca chi tit gia cng.
1. Nguyn l lm vic ca chi tit.

Cn l qu trnh lm cho kim loi b bin dng gia hai
trc quay ngc chiu nhau( gi l hai trc cn ) c khe h nh
hn chiu cao ca phi lm cho phi b bin dng do. Kt qu
l chiu cao ca phi b gim, chiu di phi tng ln. ng
thi cn cn gi l qu trnh tc dng mt cch lin tc ca
dng c nn kim loi do t c nng sut cao .
Hnh dng ca khe h gia hai trc quyt nh hnh
dng ca sn phm .
Phi cn thng l phi vung, hnh ch nht c khi lng
thay i tu theo hnh dng kt cu ca tng loi my. C
nhiu loi trc cn trong dn cn nh: trc cn th, trc cn bn
tinh v trc cn tinh. Mi loi trc cn khc nhau s cho ta cc
sn nht nh khc nhau .
Trc cn th: C nhim v cn gim tit din n mt mc
nht nh chun b cho bc cn bn tinh v tinh sau
ny.
Trc cn bn tinh: C nhim v lm gim tit din phi v
nh hnh theo ng hnh dng ca sn phm.
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Trc cn tinh: C nhim v nn v nh hnh dng cho sn

phm hon chnh.
Cht lng b mt sn phm ph thuc rt nhiu vo chnh
xc qua cc trc cn. qu trnh cn din ra phi m bo ng tm hai trc cn cng nh ng tm ca hai rnh cn lun
trng nhau.
2. iu kin lm vic ca trc cn :

Trc cn lun tip xc vi phi cn nhit cao ca phi
va trong l nung, khi lng nhit s truyn sang trc l rt
ln.
Mt khc khi dng mt ngoi lc a vt cn vo hai trc
cn ang quay ngc chiu nhau nh ma st tip xc vt cn c n lin tc vo trc cn v bin dng lm tng chiu di, rng
v gim chiu cao.
Ti thi im vt cn tip xc trc cn thnh phn lc ma
st nm ngang phi ln hn thnh phn p lc php tuyn nm
ngang mi m bo phi cn n vo trc cn (hay gi l iu
kin n vo).
Ngoi iu kin lm vic trn khi cn trc cn ch ng
phi truyn m men xon t ng c truyn ti rt ln, chu
va p vi phi khi bt u tip xc vi l hnh ca trc cn
c bit bn thn trc cn cn phi chu lc ma st rt ln khi
cn ti hai ngng trc lp trn trt .
Trong iu kin lm vic nh vy trc cn hay c hin tng
cong vnh, mn, st m, b mt b trc r hoc b gy khi trc
qu ti. m bo iu kin lm vic tt cho trc, cn phi
la chn vt liu cho trc cn hp l v c cc bin php k
thut x l.
II.
Phn tch yu cu k thut ca chi tit gia cng t

nh ra bin php gia cng tinh ln cui .

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Chi tit trc cn l chi tit dng trc ph bin trong

nghnh c kh ni chung cng nh nghnh luyn kim ni ring.
Trn trc c mt s b mt c bn l mt trn xoay cc mt
ny thng l mt lp ghp. Cn i vi trc cn thp vn (trc
cn tinh) sn phm sau khi qua trc cn phi m bo
chnh xc hnh dng v kch thc, gn vn trn b mt sn
phm. Do cn phi m bo cng vng, nhn b
mt phn lm vic to ra sn phm cn t theo tiu
chun cht lng.
Phn c trc lp ghp vi trt cn gia cng t Ra=
1,25m, nhm to iu kin cho trc lm vic m, tng s
chng mn, tng tui th cho trc. Mt khc yu cu 1600,02
(mm) do vy bin php gia cng tinh ln cui s l mi.
Phn trc 140 cn t Ra = 2,5m . Trn c rnh then
truyn m men xon.
khng song song ca cc rnh then vi tm trc khng
vt qu 0,01(mm) trn 100(mm) chiu di .
i vi kch thc ng knh th bin php gia cng tinh
ln cui l tin tinh.
Phn b mt tip xc vi vt liu cn nhit cao v
trc tip cho ra sn phm cn trn c cc rnh vn th bin
php gia cng tinh tao rnh vn l tin rnh cn v phay rnh
vn trn my chuyn dng.
Cc on trc v b mt cn li khng tham gia trc tip
vo qu trnh cn cn t Ra=2,5m. t c yu cu
bin php gia cng tinh ln cui l tin tinh.
ng tm gia cc on trc l rt quan trng i vi
cc chi tit dng trc, do khi gia cng ta phi dng chun
tinh thng nht l hai l tm cn hai u ca trc. Khi s
khng c sai s chun cho kch thc ng knh cc c trc v
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lc chun nh v trng vi chun o lng. iu cng

m bo vic phn b u lng d cho cc b mt trc.
Vi cc yu cu v thnh phn ho hc ca vt liu trc cn
phi m bo:
C = 3,25 4,5%; Ni = 1,25 1,75%; M = 1%; Si = 1,9 2,1%; P
0,12%
S 0,012%; Cr = 00,3 0,5%; Mo = 0,1 0,2%.
Trc lm vic iu kin cn nng do chi tit rt d gy
ra hin tng cong vnh nn ta phi chn vt liu hp l.
*C th : i vi chi tit ln lm vic trong iu kin khc
nhit, chu nhiu ngoi lc tc dng. Do vy ch c th chn
vt liu ch to l gang mi c th m bo c cc yu cu
k thut. Song c th chn c gang t yu cu th ta li
phi xem xt .
Nhn chung v c tnh gang l loi vt liu c bn ko
thp, dn v n nh cao, song s c mt ca grafit
tn ti nh nhng l hng c sn trong gang nh hng tt n
c tnh nh: tng kh nng chng mn do ma st v cc l hng
l ni cha du bi trn l kh nng t bi trn ca gang.
Tnh cng ngh ca gang: Tnh c v gia cng ct gt
d v gang dn nn phoi hnh thnh l phoi vn bi trong
gang c cc thnh phn cng tinh nn chy lng cao.
Trong gang cn c nh hng ca cc yu t khc n t
chc ca gang nh:
Cacbon: dng hp cht lm tng dn, gim kh nng
bin do .
Silic: lm tng grafit gang d ct gt, tnh bi trn
tt mt khc Si ho tan vo nn Fe lm tng bn v
cng ca phoi .
Pht pho : lm tng chy long, tng tnh chng mi
mn .
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Lu hunh : l nguyn t cn tr s to thnh grafit lm xu

tnh c.
Do vy m ta phi khng ch cc thnh phn ny tng
tnh u vit ca gang so vi cc vt liu khc.
Vi cc yu cu v tnh cng ngh ca trc cn nn ta
chn vt liu ch to l gang cu vi mc gang Gc 60 - 2. Bi so
vi gang cu gang xm ch lm vt liu ch to cc chi tit
chu nn trong khi trc cn l chi tit i hi c v kh
nng chu nn, ko, va p hay yu cu c tnh tng hp
cao nn v c tnh gang cu hn hn gang xm.
Vi Gc 60 2 c cng khong 270HB, bk = 60(KG/mm2)
= 600(N/mm2), dn di tng i % = 2%. bn ca gang
ph thuc vo t chc t vi ch yu l nn kim loi do vy m
sau khi c ta phi bin php kh ng sut v nng cao c
tnh l phng php lm tng Cacbon lin kt. Khi lm
cho graifit cu cng trn, nh mn v phn b u.
III. Tnh cng ngh trong kt cu ca trc cn.
Tnh cng ngh trong kt cu l mt tnh cht quan trng
ca sn phm nhm m bo tiu hao kim loi t nht, gi
thnh thp nht .Tnh cng ngh trong kt cu c nh hng
trc tip ti nng sut v chnh xc gia cng v ph thuc
vo quy m sn xut, tnh cht lot ca sn phm v iu
kin sn xut c th. Do n phi c nh gi c vi tng
th vi tng th chi tit gia cng.
Trc cn l chi tit mang y cc c im ca mt
chi tit dng trc, c cc b mt gia cng c bn l cc mt
trn xoay, kt cu dng trc bc, ng knh cc on trc
phn b gim dn v hai pha u. Cc b mt trn xoay
trn trc gia cng khng phc tp, bin php gia cng tinh ln
cui c th tin tinh hoc mi, cc nguyn cng trung gian c
th s dng my v dao thng thng.
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Vic gia cng mt u to mt phng cho bc khoan

tm ( m bo vic ng tm) cho cc on trc phn
b u lng d. m bo yu cu ny cn phi gia cng
ng thi hai l tm trn cng mt nguyn cng v thc hin
trn cng mt ln g.
Chi tit c kch thc chiu trc Lmax= 1250(mm), on trc
c Dmax= 280(mm) l chi tit c khi lng ln, vn chuyn kh
khn v nh vy vic g t s rt phc tp (phi dng cu trc,
mc cu cho vic g). V th cng vic g t tn nhiu thi
gian v cng sc.
Do t nng sut, gim bt chi ph ph ta xy dng
quy trnh cng ngh theo nguyn tc tp trung nguyn cng.
B mt gia cng ch yu l cc mt trn xoay do ta c
th s dng cc loi dao thng thng.
L
Trc cn c t s
D:
1250
4,7 10
280
Nn ta c th s dng phng php gia cng ng thi bng

nhiu dao tng nng sut v gim gi thnh.
-Trc cn thp vn l chi tit c dng cn ra cc loi
thp vn c tiu chun ho nn kt cu kh hon chnh
nn khng phi sa cng nh thay i v kt cu

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Phn II
xc nh dng sn xut
Dng sn xut l mt khi nim c trng c tnh cht
tng hp gip cho vic xc nh hp l ng li bin php
cng ngh v t chc sn xut to ra sn phm t ch
tiu k thut v kinh t. Vic xc nh dng sn xut ni nn
quy m sn xut, vi ngha cho php u t vn, u t c s
vt cht k thut khc t chc sn xut nhm t c
hiu qu kinh t cao nht.
Trong qu trnh ch to my c th phn bit theo ba dng
sn xut :
Sn xut n chic.
Sn xut hng lot.
Sn xut hng khi.
Mi dng sn xut c nhng c im ring, tuy nhin xc
nh c dng sn xut ta phi bit c sn lng hng nm ca
chi tit gia cng v trng lng ca chi tit.
I.
Sn lng c kh hng nm ca chi tit gia cng.
Theo cng thc 1 - [1] ta c:

N N1 . m . (1
) . (1
) (ct/nam).
100
100
Trong :
N: S chi tit c sn xut trong mt nm .
N1: S sn phm c sn xut trong mt nm N1 =
10000(ct/nm).
m : S chi tit trong mt sn phm m = 1.
: S chi tit c ch to thm d tr = 5% 7% =
6%.
:Ph phm ch yu trong cc phn xng c, rn =
3% 6% = 5%.
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Do vy:
N 10000 . 1. (1
II.
5
6
) . (1
) 10904 (ct/nam).
100
100
Xc nh trng lng chi tit.
Theo cng thc Q = V (kG).

Trong :
Q Trong lng chi tit (KG).
V Th tch chi tit (dm3).

V Vi
Di 2 Li (dm 3 ).
4
Vi : Di, Li l kch thc ng knh, chiu di on trc th i.

Trng lng ring ca vt liu .
Vt liu l gang cu th
gc = 6,8 7,4 (KG/dm3) = 7,2
(KG/dm3).
*Tnh th tch chi tit gia cng :
v1
v2
V1 =1
v3
v4
v5
1D12 l1 =
v4
140
v3
v1
(130 +175) =
4695110,2(mm3) = 4,6 (dm3).

V2 =1
D221l2 =
0,8(dm3).
V3 =1 D32 l43 =
4
155
160
45 = 849113,5(mm3) =
(170 +170) = 683610(mm3)
= 6,8 (dm3).
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1
V4 =1 D42 l44=
4
170
(30 + 30) = 136188,4(mm3)
= 0,13 (dm3).
V5 =1 D52 l5 =
4
280
500 = 30787608,0 (mm3) =
30,8 (dm3).
5
V = Vi
i 1
= V 1 +V2+V3 + V4 + V5 = 4,6 + 0,8 + 6,8 + 0,13 +
30,8 = 43,13( dm3).

-Do Q=7,2x43,13=315,5(Kg)
Ta xc nh c sn lng v trng lng chi tit. Theo bng 2
- [1] ta xc nh c dng sn xut l: Dng sn xut hng
khi.
i vi chi tit trc cn sn xut theo dng sn xut hng khi c
cc c im:
C sn lng rt ln, sn phm n nh .
Ti mi ch lm vic ch thc hin mt nguyn cng nht
nh lp i lp li hoc phn thnh tng loi thay i theo
chu k nht nh.
V t chc sn xut :
+ My c b ch theo trnh t nguyn cng thnh mt dy
truyn .
+ Trang thit b chuyn dng .
+ Qu trnh g t ch yu t ng t kch thc .
+ chnh xc t c ch yu bng chnh sn dao .
+Trnh cng nhn khng cao nhng yu cu th iu
chnh my phi c tay ngh cao.
+ Cc vn kin cng ngh ht sc cht ch v t m, phi
chia qu trnh cng ngh ti mc phn cp nh nht ca n.
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Phn III
xc nh phng php ch to phi
I.
C s chn phi v phng php ch to phi.
Vic chn phi v phng php ch to phi hp l s t c

cc yu cu ca chi tit gia cng, to iu kin thun li cho
vic gia cng ct gt, gim chi ph sn xut, h gi thnh sn
phm.
Vi trc cn lun lm vic nhit cao chu ti trng v
m men ln nn cn c phi ph hp. Mt khc vt liu l gang
cu (Gc 60-2) lun ph hp cho phi c, khi ch tao ra chi tit
p ng c yu cu v thi gian lm vic, hnh dng phi
cng ging chi tit cng tt, kch thc phi m bo phn b
lng d cho qu trnh gia cng .
Cn c vo hnh dng kt cu v iu kin lm vic, loi
hnh sn xut kt cu chi tit m ta phn tch v xc
nh cng vi cc yu cu t ra cho chi tit th phi c l
ph hp hn c.
II.
Phng php ch to phi.
i vi phi c th phng php chnh to phi l c phi,

chn c phng c hp l ta tm hiu mt s phng
php c (c trong khun kim loi, c p lc, c ly tm, c
trong khun ct ).
c trong khun kim loi:
u im: Ch to c vt c c nhn b mt cao cht lng tt, khun c th dng c nhiu ln.
Nhc im: Chi tit c thng c cng b mt do vy
phi c thm nguyn cng nhit luyn trc khi gia cng. Do vy
n ch ph hp vi vt c c vt liu l thp.
c trong khun ct:

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u im: Vt liu lm khun c sn, r tin, d kim. C hai

phng php lm khun (bng tay v bng my ).
Lm khun bng tay:
c im: i hi ngi cng nhn phi c tay ngh cao,
chnh xc ca vt c
ph thuc tay ngh cng nhn. Qu trnh lm khun nng
nhc, cng nhn lao ng vt v, ch ph hp vi dng sn xut
n chic, phc hi sa cha.
Lm khun bng my:
c im: Khun c m cht, nng xut cao, gim c
lao ng nng nhc cho cng nhn, gim thi gian sn xut.
Ch p dng cho dng sn xut hng lot v hng khi vi cc
chi tit c kt cu n gin.
Theo phng php ny ph hp vi chi tit trc cn.
c p lc:
u im: Vt c c bng, chnh xc cao, ch to c
vt c c thnh mng, hnh dng phc tp, lng d nh, nhng
gi thnh cao.
c ly tm:
u im: c c vt c c thnh mng, kt cu phc tp, lng d nh.
Nhc im: Gi thnh cao, b mt trong ca vt c rt km.
Vi c im ca cc phng php trn th cn c vo
yu cu k thut, dng sn xut l hng khi, hnh dng khng

phc tp, vt liu ch to l Gc 60-2. V vy ta chn phng
php c trong khun ct v lm khun bng my.
S b tr nh hnh v:

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
22
svth : NGUyN VN

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
23
svth : NGUyN VN
Phn IV
thit k quy trnh cng ngh gia cng
trc cn thp vn
A. Phn tch vic chn chun khi gia cng.
Chn chun c ngha rt quan trng trong vic thit k quy
trnh cng ngh. Chn chun hp l nhm tho mn cc yu
cu:
m bo cht lng chi tit trong sut qu trnh gia cng.
m bo nng sut cao, gi thnh h.
T cc yu cu ta c th chn chun theo cc nguyn tc:
Khi chn chun phi xut pht t nguyn tc 6 im
khng ch ht s bc t do cn thit mt cch hp l nht,
tuyt i trnh thiu nh v v siu nh v, cng c th s
dng s tha nh v nhng trong nhiu trng hp trnh
tha nh v khng cn thit.
Chn chun sao cho lc ct, lc kp khng lm bin dng
chi tit gia cng qu nhiu ng thi lc kp phi nh
gim sc lao ng ca cng nhn.
Chn chun sao cho kt cu g n gin, s dng
thun li nht v ph hp vi tng loi hnh sn xut.
I.
Chn chun tinh:
1. Yu cu khi chn chun tinh:

m bo phn b lng d cho cc b mt gia cng.
m bo chnh xc v v tr tng quan ga cc b mt
gia cng vi nhau.
2. Nguyn tc khi chn chun tinh:
C gng chn chun tinh l chun tinh chnh. Nu chn c
nh vy th chi tit gia cng c v tr khi gia cng ging nh khi
lm vic, chnh xc t c mt cch trc tip d dng
CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
24
svth : NGUyN VN
hn ng thi n gin ho qu trnh lp gip v khng phi

gia cng cc chun tinh ph.
C gng chn chun tinh sao cho tnh trng chun cng cao
cng tt. Nu nh vy s gim c sai s gia cng v khi chun
c s trng chun khi xut th sai s chun bng 0.
C gng chn chun tinh thng nht cho c qu trnh gia
cng. Nu c nh vy th s chng loi ca g s gim bt
c chi ph thit k tnh ton, ch to g do gi thnh
s gim.
T cc yu cu v cc li khuyn ta c th chn chun theo cc
phng n:
3. Cc phng n chn chun tinh:
a) Phng n 1:
Chun tinh l hai l tm dng truyn m men xon trong
:
Mi tm c nh khng ch 3 bc t do .
Mi tm di ng khng ch 2 bc t do.
S nh v nh hnh v:
u im:
+ Vi chi tit g trn hai mi tm ta c th gia cng trn nhiu
ln g m bo c li khuyn khi chn chun tinh thng nht.
Khi gia cng trn hai mi tm m bo ng tm cao v
CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
25
svth : NGUyN VN
gia cng c hu ht cc bc tr, khng gian cng rng, g

t chi tit n gin, g tiu chun.
+ Chn chun tinh l hai l tm c th s dng dng kim
tra, sa cha, lp gip, g t chi tit nhanh.
Nhc im:
+ Chn chun tinh l hai l tm th khi gia cng l tm chng
mn v sinh nhit do ma st s lm bin dng l tm ,do li
phi sa l tm khi mn.
+ cng vng km, do phi truyn lc bng tc nn lm hp
khng gian gia cng ca chi tit gia cng.
+ Yu cu k thut gia cng l tm phi chnh xc, nu dng
mi tm cng s gy sai s chun i vi kch thc chiu trc
b) Phng n 2:
Chn chun tinh l hai mt tr ngoi ta s khng ch c 4 bc
t do. Khi cn khng ch bc t do th 5 ta chn mt bc tr.
Khi phay rnh then trn trc cn tu thuc vo phng php
gia cng m ta cn khng ch bc t do th 5.
Nu o d ct th ta khng cn khng ch bc t do th
5.
Nu iu chnh sn dao th ta cn phi khng ch bc
t do th 5 tnh tin theo trc OX.
S nh v nh hnh v:

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
26
svth : NGUyN VN
u im: C cng vng cao, g t nhanh, g n

gin (dng khi V ngn). V vy ta p dng s nh v
ny phay rnh then trn trc.
Nhc im: nh v nh vy s c sai s chun, khng gia
cng c hu ht cc b mt chi tit.
c) Phng n 3:
Chun tinh l mt tr ngoi kt hp vi l tm.
u im: chnh xc ca mm cp nh hng ti
chnh xc tng quan gia cc b mt ca chi tit gia cng.
Tnh vn nng cao, lc kp ln, g t n gin, thun tin.
Nhc im: chnh xc ng tm thp, nng sut khng
cao, khng gia cng c ht cc b mt ca chi tit.

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
27
svth : NGUyN VN
S nh v nh hnh v:
Nhn xt: Vi 3 phng n chn chun tinh va phn tch

trn ta thy chi tit cn gia cng l trc cn c trng lng v
kch thc kh ln, c cc on trc bc khc nhau. Do vy m
phng n 1 l phng n ti u v t hiu qu tuy nhin kt hp
vi hai phng n sau thc hin cc nguyn cng trong qu
trnh cng ngh gia cng trc cn.
II.
Chn chun th:
Chn chun th c ngha quyt nh n quy trnh cng

ngh, n nh hng ti cc nguyn cng sau v chnh xc
ca cc chi tit gia cng bi chun th c dng nguyn cng
u tin trong qu trnh gia cng c.
1. Yu cu khi chn chun th:
m bo chnh xc v v tr tng quan gia cc b
mt gia cng v khng gia cng.
m bo phn b lng cho cc b mt s gia cng.
2. Nguyn tc khi chn chun th:
Theo mt phng kch thc nht nh nu trn chi tit gia
cng c mt b mt gia cng th nn chn b mt lm
chun th.
cng c hai hay nhiu b mt gia cng th nn chn b mt
CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
28
svth : NGUyN VN
no c yu cu v chnh xc tng quan so vi b mt gia

l cao nht lm chun th.
cng c tt c cc b mt u gia cng th nn chn b mt
phi no c yu cu lng d nh v ng u nht lm chun
th.
Nu trn chi tit gia cng c nhiu b mt tiu chun
lm chun th th nn chn b mt bng phng, trn chu
nht lm chun th.
ng vi mt bc t do cn thit ch c php chn v s
dng chun th khng qu mt ln v nu vi phm li khuyn
ny gi l phm chun th. Khi s gy ra sai s v tr tng
quan gia cc b mt gia cng vi nhau.
i vi chi tit trc cn trn c on trc 160 dng lp
trt c yu cu bng cao, chnh xc cao v m bo
ng tm
nn ta chn ngng trc ny lm chun th.
Theo phng n ny th tho mn c cc yu cu v nguyn

tc khi chn chhun th.
S nh v nh hnh v:
B. Lp quy trnh cng ngh.

Ta c trnh t cc nguyn cng nh sau:
I.
Nguyn cng I : kh ng sut d bn trong
II . Nguyn cng II: Kho mt u, Khoan tm.

Bc 1: Kho mt u.
CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
29
svth : NGUyN VN
Bc 2: Khoan tm.
III.
Nguyn cng III: Tin th cc on tr: 280, 160, 140.

Bc 1: Tin th 280.
Bc 2: Tin th ng thi 160, 160.
IV.
Nguyn cng IV:Tin th cc on tr: 170,160, 155,
140.
Bc 1: Tin th 170.
Bc 1: Tin th 160
Bc 2: Tin th 155.
Bc 3: Tin th 140.
V.
Nguyn cng V:Tin th: 170, Tin cung R20, Tin rnh.
Bc 1: Tin th 170.
Bc 2: Tin cung R 20.
Bc 3: Tin th 170.
Bc 4: Tin rnh.
VI.
Nguyn cng VI:Tin tinh cc on tr: 280,
160,
140, Vt mp.
Bc 1: Tin tinh 280.
Bc 2: Tin tinh 140.
Bc 3: Tin tinh 160
Bc 4,5: Vt mp 10x450,3x450.
VII. Nguyn cng VII:Tin tinh cc on tr: 170, 160,
155, 140, Vt mp.
Bc 1: Tin tinh 160.
Bc 2: Tin tinh 155.
Bc 3: Tin tinh 140.
Bc 4,5 Vt mp 10x450,3x450.
VIII. Nguyn cng VIII: Tin th rnh cn.
Bc 1: Tin th rnh R5
CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
30
svth : NGUyN VN
IX.
Nguyn cng VIX: Tin tinh rnh cn R6.
X.
Nguyn cng X : Kim tra trung gian
XI.
Nguyn cng XI: Phay rnh vn.
XII. Nguyn cng XII: Phay rnh then.

XIII. Nguyn cng XIII: Phay hai mt phng..
XIV.
XV.
Nguyn cng XIV: Mi c trc160

Nguyn cng XV: Tng kim tra
XVI. Nguyn cng XVI:Lm sch nhp kho

1. S thc hin nguyn cng.

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
31
svth : NGUyN VN

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
32
270
t(pht)
tr c khi gia cng

gimng sut d
bm
t trnh c cong vnh,nt n trong qu tr
nh gia cng
ckhv trong qu tr
nh s dng.
20c
500 - 530c
t (c)
Ng uy n c ng I: kh ng s ut b n t r o ng .
svth : NGUyN VN

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
S2
n1
33
n2
svth : NGUyN VN
35
18
I-II
TL 2:1
55
345
-0.63
My
: MP73M
g
: Hai khi V ngn
Dng c o : Chuyn d ng
- B c 1
: Kho mt u
- Dao
: BK8
- B c 2
:Khoan tm
- Mi khoan:P18
120
90
s1
1250
n2
16
ng uy n c ng iI: kho mt u - kho an t m.
S2
n1

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
s1
Rz40
Rz40
375 -0.89
Rz40
175-0.54
141,4-0,25
My
: 163A
g
: Tc+2mi tm
-Dao
:BK8
- B c 1 : Tin th 280
- B c 2 : Tin th ng thi
160 v140
161,5 -0,25
281,4 -0,32
ng uy n c ng iiI: t in t h 280160140.
s2
34
svth : NGUyN VN

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
170
-0,25
Rz40
s1
Rz40
161,5-0,25
s2
Rz40
345 -0.89
370 - 0.89
156,4 -0,25
35
Rz40
130-0.54
175 -0.54
s3
141,4-0,25
My
: 163A
g
: Tc+2mi tm
-Dao
:BK8
- B c 1
: Tin th 170
- B c 2
: Tin th 160
- B c 3
: Tin th 155
- B c 4
: Tin th 140
s4
ng uy n c ng iV: t in t h 170;160155140.
svth : NGUyN VN
s3
500 -0.63
36
s2
170-0,25

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
Rz40
R20
s1
-0,043
III
23 -0.059
-0.02
TL 3:1
128 -0,083
ng uy n c ng v:t in t h 170
t in c ung r 20; t in r nh.
s4
Iii
20
svth : NGUyN VN
My
: 163A
g
: Tc+2 mi tm
-Dao
: BK8
- B c 1
: Tin tinh 280
- B c 2
: Tin tinh 160
- B c 3
: Tin tinh 140
- B c 4
:Vt mp10x45
- B c 5
:Vt mp 3x45
s1
2,5
10x45
2,5

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
s3
2,5
140 -0,083
-0,043
160,2 -0,1
280 -0,083
-0,043
s2
2,5
3x45
ng uy n c ng vI: t in t inh 280;160;140

v t mp.
s4
s3
37
svth : NGUyN VN
My
: 163A
g
: Tc+2mi tm
-Dao
:BK8
- B c 1
: Tin tinh 160
- B c 2
: Tin tinh 155
- B c 3
: Tin tinh 140
- B c 4
:Vt mp10x45
- B c 5
:Vt mp 3x45
n
10x45
2,5
s4
s1
2,5
2,5
-0,043
160,2 -0,1
-0,043
2,5
38
s2
140-0,083

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
155 -0,083
3x45
ng uy n c ng viI: t in t inh 160;155;140

v t mp.
s5
s3
svth : NGUyN VN

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
My
: 163A
- g
:tc+2mi tm
-Dng c o : Chuyn d ng
-Dao
:P18
0,25
70
40
39
40
0,25
TL 3:1
0,25
70
R5
ng uy n c ng vIii: t in t h r nh c n
svth : NGUyN VN

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
My
: 163A
- g
:tc+2mi tm
-Dao
:P18
70
0.03
40
R6
IV
0,025
40
0.03
70
TL 3:1
IV
ng uy n c ng IX t in t inh r nh c n
svth : NGUyN VN
ng uy n c ng x: kim t r a t r ung g ian.

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
41
svth : NGUyN VN
nd
0.5
V
TL 3:1
7
7
My
:T630
-Dao
:BK8
- g
:tc+2mi tm
1
ng uy n c ng xI: phay r nh vn.


CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
42
svth : NGUyN VN
43
My
6H13
-Dao
:BK8
- g
:2 Khi V ngn
1,25

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
16 -0.059
-0.02
C -C
134
1,25
ng uy n c ng xIi: phay r nh t hen.
nd
+0.2
+0.2
80
70
-0.2
svth : NGUyN VN

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
44
My
:6H11
-Dao
:BK8
- g
:Mi tm+khi V ngn
E-E
TL 2:1
svth : NGUyN VN
120
0.02
nd
100 -0.2
ng uy n c ng xIiI: phay hai mt phng .

s
My
:3B151
-
:14A40T1K7
400x203x40
- g
:tc+2mi tm
d2
160+0.063
160+0.063
+0.063

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
1,25
+0.063
1,25
ng uy n c ng xiV: mi c t r c 160.
d1
45
svth : NGUyN VN

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
ng uy n c ng XvI: l m s c h,nhp kho
ng uy n c ng Xv: t ng kim t r a.
46
svth : NGUyN VN
Phn V
tnh v tra lng d
Phi c xc nh phn ln da vo lng d gia cng, lng d
gia cng c xc nh hp l v tr s s gp phn bo m
hiu qu kinh t ca qu trnh cng ngh v:
Lng d qu ln s lm tn nguyn vt liu, tiu hao sc lao
ng ca cng nhn, tn nng lng dng c ct dn n lm
tng gi thnh sn phm.
Lng d qu nh s khng lng d ht sai lnh ca phi
v cht lng b mt chi tit t c thp khi sn phm cha th t yu cu thit k
Nh vy sai lnh s gim dn sau mi ln gia cng v vy
trong qu trnh cng ngh ta phi chia ra lm nhiu nguyn
cng, nhiu bc nh ht dn lng d. Do vy lng d cn phi
thc hin cc nguyn cng . Mt khc nu lng d
qu b s xy ra hin tng trt gia dao v chi tit dn n
mn dao nhanh, cht lng b mt gia cng gim.
Mc ch ca vic xc nh lng d l phn b lng d sao
cho lng d mi nguyn cng, bc hp l (khng qu ln hoc qu
nh), t tnh ct gt, t chnh xc yu cu, nng
cao tui th cho dng c ct.
Trong ngnh ch to my ngi ta thng p dng hai phng php
xc nh lng d gia cng l:
Thng k kinh nghim.
Tnh ton phn tch .
* c im ca phng php thng k kinh nghim: Lng d gia
cng c xc nh bng tng gi tr lng d cc bc gia cng
theo kinh nghim tc t sn xut. Gi tr theo kinh nghim ny
c tng hp thnh bng trong s tay.
Nhc im: Khng xt ti nhng iu kin gia cng c th
nn gi tr lng d thng ln hn gi tr cn thit.
CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
47
svth : NGUyN VN
* c im ca phng php thng k phn tch: Xc nh lng d gia cng, trn c s phn tch cc yu t to ra lp d cn
phi ht i to ra chi tit hon chnh, do vy tit kim c
vt liu to phi dn n gim c thi gian gia cng.
Nhc im: Tnh ton phc tp mt rt nhiu thi gian.
T cc c im ca hai phng php trn thng k kinh
nghim v tnh ton phn tch, y ta p dng xc nh lng d cho b mt cn chnh xc cao (b mt 160) theo
phng php tnh ton phn tch cn cc b mt cn li ta xc
nh theo phng php thng k kinh nghim.
A. Tnh lng d cho on trc 160 0,02.
B mt 160 c hnh thnh qua cc nguyn cng :
Tin th t phi c.
Tin tinh.
Mi.
Chi tit g trn hai mi tm.
Sai lnh khng gian ca phi xc nh theo cng thc
ph
c2 lt2
Trong :
c: cong ca phi xc nh theo cng thc: c = k

l
l: Chiu di chi tit t mt u chi tit n c trc cn
xc nh lng d
l = 345(mm).
k: cong n v tra bng 4 - 50 [5] ta c: k
1,2(m/mm).
Vy ta c c = 1,2.345 = 414(m).
lk : Sai s v lch khun.
lk 0,25 2 1 0,25 2,5 2 1 0,67( mm)
: Dung sai gia cng l tm tra bng 4 50 [5]

ph
Vy ta xc nh c:
= 2,5.
0,414 0,67 0,78(mm)

2

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
48
svth : NGUyN VN
Sai lnh khng gian cc nguyn cng tip theo:

Sau khi gia cng th: 0,06 0,78 = 0,047(mm) =
47(m).
Sau khi gia cng tinh: 0,04 0,78 = 0,031(mm) =
31(m).
Sau khi mi: 0,02 0,78 = 0,015(mm) = 15(m).
(Cc cng thc tra bng 4 37 [5])
Lng d c xc nh theo cng thc: 2Zmin = 2( Ra + Ta +
a ).
Trong :
Ra: Chiu cao nhp nh t vi trung bnh do bc hay nguyn
cng st trc li.
Ta : Chiu su lp h hng b mt do bc hay nguyn cng st
trc li.
a : Sai lnh khng gian tng cng do bc hay nguyn cng st
trc li.
i vi chi tit dng trc cc nguyn cng thc hin ch yu g
vy m sai s g t
trn hai mi tm do
= 0 v b qua
g
sai s lc kp nn
= 0.
Theo bng 10 [1] ta c: Rzph= 250(m); Tph = 350(m) .

Theo bng 12 [1] ta c:
Sau khi tin th: Rzth= 50(m)
; Tth = 50(m).
Sau khi tin tinh: Rzt= 20(m)
; Tt = 30(m).
Sau khi mi:
; Tth =15 (m).
Rzth= 5 (m)
Khi : 2Zmin th= 2 (250 + 350 + 670) = 2 1270 (m).

2Zmin tinh= 2 (50 + 50 + 47) = 2 147 (m).
2Zmin tmi= 2 (20 + 30 + 31) = 2 81 (m).
ng knh tnh ton c xc nh bng cch: Ly kch thc chi tit cng vi lng d nh nht ta c.
Mi: d3 = KT nh nht = 159,98(mm).
Tin tinh: d2 = 159,98 + 0,162 = 160,142(mm).
CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
49
svth : NGUyN VN
Tin th: d1 = 160,142 + 0,294 = 160,346(mm).

Phi: dph = 160,346 + 2,54 = 162,976(mm).
Dung sai kch thc ca cc nguyn cng tra bng 4 35 [5]
ta c:
3 = 0,04(mm); 2 = 0,25(mm); 1 = 0,4(mm); ph = 4(mm);
Kch thc gii hn c xc nh bng cch: Lm trn s
kch thc tnh ton ti gi tr c ngha ca dng sai ta c kch
thc gii hn nh nht cn kch thc gii hn ln nht bng kch
thc gii hn nh nht cng vi gi tri dung sai.
Ta xc nh c:
Mi: dmax = 159,98 + 0,04 = 160,02(mm).
Tin tinh: dmax = 160,44 + 0,25 = 160,39(mm).
Tin th: dmax = 160,39 + 0, 4 = 160,84(mm).
Phi : dmax = 162,84 + 4 = 166,98(mm).
Lng d gii hn:
2Zmin = hiu cc kch thc gii hn nh nht.
2Zmax = hiu cc kch thc gii hn ln nht.
Khi mi: 2Zmin = 160,14 - 159,98 = 0,16(mm) = 160 (m).
2Zmax = 160,39 - 160,02 = 0,37(mm) = 370(m).
Khi tin tinh: 2Zmin = 160,44 - 160,14 = 0,3(mm) = 300 (m).
2Zmax = 160,84 - 160,39 = 0,45(mm) = 450(m).
Khi tin th: 2Zmin = 162,98 - 160,44 = 2,54(mm) = 2540 (m).
2Zmax = 166,98 - 160,84 = 6,14(mm) = 6140(m).
Kim tra kt qu tnh ton:
Z0max Z0min = ph - ct .
Z0max = 370 + 450 + 6140 = 6960(m).
Z0min = 160 + 300 + 2540 = 3000(m).
Ta thy : 6960 3000 = 4000 40 lun ng.
T cc kt qu tnh ton trn ta c bng tnh ton lng d :

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
50
svth : NGUyN VN
Bc
Cc thng
Lng
Kch
Dun
Kch thc
Lng d gii
cng
s(m)
thc
gii hn
hn
tnh
tnh
sai
(mm)
(m)
ton
ton
ngh
Ra Ta
Zmin
dmin
dmax
Zmin
Zmax
400
162,9
166,9
400
160,4
160,8
2540
6140
160,1
160,3
300
450
159,9
160,0
160
370
(m
)
Phi
T/th
25
35
67
50
50
47
76
-
2.127 160,4
T/ti
20
30
31
36
2.147 160,1
nh
Mi
162,9
250
42
5
15
15
2.81
159,9
40
B. Tra lng d cho cc b mt cn li.

Tra bng 3 110[2] ta c:
1. B mt 140:
Lng d hai pha 2Z = 3,6(mm).
Tin th 2Z = 3(mm).
Tin tinh 2Z = 0,6(mm).
2) B mt 155:
Lng d hai pha: 2Z = 3,5(mm).
Tin th 2Z = 2,8(mm).
3) B mt 170:
Lng d hai pha: 2Z = 3,6(mm).
4) B mt 280:
CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
51
svth : NGUyN VN
Lng d hai pha: 2Z = 3(mm).

Tra bng 3 111[2] ta c lng d cho b mt ngoi :
Lng d cho mt u vai trc 280 : Z= 4,5 mm).
Lng d cho mt u vai trc 160 : Z= 4(mm).
Lng d cho mt hai u chi tit 2a = 10(mm).

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
52
svth : NGUyN VN
Phn VI
tnh v tra ch ct
Ch ct cho cc nguyn cng, cc bc cng ngh l
mt ch tiu quan trng trong vic thit k quy trnh cng
ngh gia cng chi tit. Ch ct m bo kh nng gia
cng ca nguyn cng . N cho php t c cc yu cu k
thut ca cc nguyn cng ang thc hin nh: chnh xc b
mt, chnh xc kch thc, chnh xc v hnh dng
hnh hc ng thi n cho php nng cao v tui th ca
dng c ct, gim nh ch lm vic ca my v g,
nng cao nng xut.
Nh vy ch ct hp l s cho ta hiu qu cng ngh v
hiu qu kinh t cao.
Trong sn xut lot ln v hng khi, ngi ta hay s dng cc
my t ng hoc hoc bn t ng tng nng sut cc
my ny cho php gia cng ng thi bng nhiu dao gia cng
nhiu b mt cng mt lc. Vic chn ch ct i vi trng hp gia cng ng thi bng nhiu dao l mt vn ht
sc phc tp bi v ta phi phn tch iu kin lm vic ca
mi dao ring bit. V nguyn tc phng php xc nh ch
ct khi gia cng ng thi bng nhiu dao khng khc g
vi trng hp gia cng bng mt dao, trnh t xc nh ch
ct trong c hai trng hp u nh nhau. Nn ta phi xc nh
cc thng s nh:
Chn chiu su ct t :
Chn lng chy dao S :
Chn tc ct V :

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
53
svth : NGUyN VN
xc nh ch ct ta c hai phng php l tnh ch

ct v tra ch ct.
Phng php tra ch ct c tng hp thnh bng
cho trong cc s tay, y l cc kinh nghim ca thc t.
Phng php tnh ch ct, ta i xc nh tng bc
nh chn my, dng c ct v tin hnh tnh ton.
i vi qu trnh thit k n tt nghip cng nh cc n
khc th ta i tnh ch ct cho mt b mt no v
tra cho cc b mt cn li.
C th y ta tnh ch ct cho b mt 160:
I.
Tnh ch ct cho bc tin th 160.

My : 163A.
g : Hai mi tm v truyn lc bng tc.
1. Chn dng c ct:

Chn vt liu dng c ct: Vi vt liu chi tit gia cng l
gang cu th ta c th chn vt liu dng c ct nh sau:
Vt liu phn lm vic (ct) l mnh hp kim: BK8.
Vt liu phn thn dao l thp 45.
Tra bng 4-3 [1] chn mnh dao hp kim cng (HKC) s 03 dng
cho tin mt tr ngoi v mt u.
170
Chn kiu dao vi yu cu 160 170 do vy chn kiu dao

20
tin bc trc c gc nghing chnh = 900.

Tra bng 4-6 [2] ta c hnh dng dao nh hnh v:
10
12
10
54
svth : NGUyN VN
30

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
Chn hnh dng mt trc ca dng c ct : tra bng 4-27

[9].
Chn thng s hnh hc phn ct ca dao: tra bng 4 - 32
[9] c:
=10o ; = 8o.
Tra bng 4 - 3[9]
Tra bng:
= 90o.
4 34
0
0
[9] c 1 30 ; 5
4 35
Xc nh tui bn ca dng c ct:

Tui th
Tui bn( T ) =
S ln mi li cho php +1
Tra bng 4-39 [9] c: Tui th dao = 19(h) = 1140(ph).
S ln mi li cho php = 18(ln).
1140
Do tui bn daoTl:
18
60 (ph).
2)Chiu su ct t:
Nh xc nh phn tnh lng d ta c t = 2 (mm).
3)Lng chy dao S:

xc nh lng chy dao hp l ta xc nh theo cc ch tiu
sau:
bn thn dao.
bn ca c cu chy dao.
CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
55
svth : NGUyN VN
cng vng ca chi tit gia cng.

bn mnh hp kim cng.
T ta xc nh c lng chy dao thc ca my.
a) Xc nh lng chy dao m bo bn thn dao:
Ta c cng thc:
S1 Ypz
W. u
C pz . t Xpz . K pz . L
( mm/vg) [1].
Trong :
W : l mun chng un ca tit din thn dao.
B.H 2
20.30 2
3000 mm3
6
6
u: ng xut cho php ca tit din thn dao vi thn dao

bng thp 45 c
[u] = 200(N/mm).
T: chiu su ct t = 2(mm).
L: l tm vi khong cch t mi dao n tit din nguy him.
L =(11,5) .H L = 1,5 . 30 = 45(mm).
Cpz , Xpz , Ypz : L h s v s m tra bng 4-54 [9] ta c:
Cpz = 920.
Xpz = 1,0.
Ypz = 0,75.
Kpz: l h s hiu chnh c xc nh: Kpz = KM . K . K . Kr . Kh
Cc h s: KM , K , K , Kr , Kh tra bng 4-55 [9] .
HB
190
KM
0, 4
270
190
0, 4
1,15.
K = K = Kr = Kh = 1.
Kpz =1,15 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 = 1,15.
Thay cc gi tr vo [1] ta c:
S1
0 , 75
3000 . 200
11,6 ( mm/vg).
920 . 2 .1,15 . 45

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
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svth : NGUyN VN
b) Xc nh lng chy dao m bo bn ca c cu

chy dao.
S2
Y px
Pm
( mm/vg) [2].
1,45 . C px . t Xpx . K px
Trong :
[Pm]: L tr s ln nht cho php ca lc chiu trc tc dng ln
c cu chy dao.
[Pm] = 5830(N).
Tra bng 4-54 [9] ta c h s v s m:
Cp = 460 ; Xp = 1,0 ; Yp = 0,4.
Kp: l h s iu chnh c xc nh theo cng thc:
Kp = KM . K . K . K . Kr . Khs
Tra bng 4-55 [9] c:
HB
190
KM
0 ,8
270
190
0 ,8
1,32.
Tra bng 4-56 [9] c: K = 1,17; K =2,2; K = 0,65; Kr = 0,9; Khs

= 1.
Do Kp = 1,32 . 1,17 . 2,2 . 0,65 . 0,9 . 1 = 1,99.
Thay cc gi tr vi cng thc ta c
S2
0, 4
5830
7,1 ( mm/vg) .
1,45 . 460 . 2 . 1,99
c) Xc nh lng chy dao m bo cng vng ca

chi tit gia cng.
m bo cng vng ca chi tit gia cng, lng chy dao
c xc nh theo cng thc:
S 3 Y px
f m
.K .J.E
C px .t .K px . L
Xpx
; ( mm/vg) [3].
Trong :
K: l h s ph thhuc vo cch g chi tit K = 48 vi chi tit g
hai u tm.
E: l moun n hi ca vt liu gia cng vi gang E =
9.104(N/mm2).
CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
57
svth : NGUyN VN
J: m men qun tnh tit din ngang ca chi tit gia cng.
.D4
3,14 . 160 4
10240000 (mm 4 ).
64
64
[f]: vng cho php ca chi tit gia cng [f ] = 0,2 0,4 =
0,3(mm).
L: Chiu di chi tit gia cng L = 1250(mm).
Cpy =540 ; Xpy = 0,9 ; Ypy = 0,75.
Kpy: l h s iu chnh c xc nh theo cng thc:
K py K M . K .K . K . K r . K hs
Tra bng 4-55 [9] ta c:

KM

K = 0,5.
K = 2,2.
HB 270
1,42.
190 190
K = 1,7.
Kr = 1.
Kpy = 1,42 . 0,5 . 2,2 . 1,7 .1 = 2,6.

Thay cc gi tr vo cng thc [3] ta c:
S3
0 , 75
48 . 9.10 4 .10240000 . 0,3

540 . 2 0, 9.2,6 .1250 3
2,8 ( mm/vg).
d) Xc nh lng chy dao m bo bn mnh dao

HKC.
m bo bn ca mnh dao hp kim cng, lng chy dao
c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
S4
Y pz
Pm
C pz .t Xpz .K pz
(mm/vg) [4].
Trong :
[Pm]: lc ln nht cho php tc dng ln mnh dao hp kim cng.
Tra bng 4-57 [9] ta c: [Pm] = 2700(N).
Cpz =920 ; Xpz = 1,0 ; Ypz = 0,75.
HB
190
0, 4
K Mpz
270
190
0, 4
1,4.
K pz K M K .K .K r .K hs 1,1.0,89 .1,3 .1,05 1,3.
Thay cc gi tr vo cng thc [4] ta c:

S4
0 , 75
2700
1,1 ( mm/vg).
920trng
. 2 .1,4 khanh
Gvhd : th.s- Nguyn
CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
58
svth : NGUyN VN
e. Xc nh lng chy dao thc ca my Sm .

Chn tr s nh nht trong bn lng chy dao tnh c trn v
gi l lng chy dao an ton ri em so snh vi bng lng chy
dao ca my .
Ta tm c mt tr s nh hn v gn nht so vi lng chy dao
an ton (Sm). Tr s ny c ly l lng chy dao thc Sm , so
snh 4 lng chy dao thy:
S4 S 3 S 2 S 1
1,2 < 2,5 < 7,1 < 11,6
Nh vy lng chy dao an ton l S 4 = 1,1 = Smin . So snh vi
bng lng chy dao ca my 163A ta thy S min = 0,96 = Sm
(mm/vg).
4)Xc nh tc ct V v s vng quay n:

a. Xc nh tc ct V:
V
K V ; (m/ph) [*].
T
m
Xv
p dng cng thc trong [9] ta V
c:
T . t . S Yv
Trong :
VT : l tc ct ng vi tui bn ca dao (m/ph).
T : tui bn ca dao T = 60 (ph).
S : lng chy dao S = 0,96 (mm/vg).
t : chiu su ct t = 2(mm).
m : ch s tui bn m = 0,2.
C v = 262, Xv = 0,2 , Yv = 0,4.
Kv : h s hiu chnh xt ti nh hng ca cc nhn t khc
n tc ct.
Kv = Kcn . KM . Kp . Khs . K . Kmt
Tra bng 4 59, 63, 64 [9] ta c: Kcn = Kp = Khs = 1,0; K = 1,2;
Kmt = 0,37.
1, 25
1, 25
190
190

0,6 .
HB
270
Gvhd : th.s- Nguyn
trng
khanh
59
KM
CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
svth : NGUyN VN
Kv = 1 . 0,6 .1 . 1 . 1,2 . 0,37 = 0,52.

Thay cc gi tr vo cng thc [*] ta c:
VT
60
262
0,52 53,15(m/ph).
. 2 0 , 2. 0,96 0, 4
0, 2
Chn V1= 50(m/ph).

b. Xc nh s vng quay n.
S vng quay l thuyt c tnh theo cng thc sau:
n lt
1000 . VT
.D
1000 . 50
99,4 (vg/ph) .
3,14 . 160
So snh nlt vi bng tc ca my 163A, s vng quay l

thuyt thng nm gia hai tr s lin tip nhau n k v nk+1 ca
bng ta c hai phng n chn .
n k 95 n LT n k 1 118 (vg/ph)
Phng n 1: Chn s vng quay nk th gi nguyn Sm.

Phng n 2: Chn s vng quay n k+1 th tnh li lng chy dao
theo cng thc:
nk
Sk 1 Sm .
n k 1
1/Yv
95
118
0,96 .
1/ 0, 4
0,55(mm/vg).
So snh hai tch s nk . Sm v nk+1 . Sk+1 chn tch s ln hn

L
inh hn. :
o
m bo thiTgian
nmy
.S
n k .Sm 95 . 0,96 91,2.
C th:n k 1 .Sk 1 118 . 0,55 64,9.

Ta thy 91,2 > 64,9 do phng n 1 c tch s ln hn v
m bo thi gian my l nh nht.
Vy ta chn s vng quay thc ca my l n m = 95(vg/ph) v
gi nguyn Sm = 0,96.
CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
60
svth : NGUyN VN
Ta xc nh li vn tc thc ca my theo nm l:
Vm
. D . nm
3,14 . 160 . 95
48 (vg/ph).
3
10
10003
5)Tnh lc ct:
Cc thnh phn lc ct khi tin c tnh nh sau :
PZ C pz . t Xpz . SYpz . V npz . K pz 920 . 21,0 . 0,96 0,75 .480 .1,3 2319,87 (N).
PY C py . t Xpy . SYpy . V npy . K py 540 . 2 0,9 . 0,96 0,75 .480 . 2,43 2286,86 (N).
PX C px . t Xpx . SYpx . V npx . K px 460 . 21,0 . 0,96 0,75 .480 .1,99 1775,59 (N).
Trong : t, S, V l chiu su ct, lng chy dao, vn tc ct

xc nh trn.
Cc tr s v s m xc nh theo bng 4-54 [9].
6)Kim nghim ch ct theo ng lc v m

men my.
Ch ct xc nh trn cn phi tho mn nhng
iu kin sau:
Nc
Nc
Pz .V
N dc . (Kw).
60 .1000
2319,87 .50
1,85 10 .0,8 8 ( Kw ).
60 .1000
Trong : Pz : lc tip tuyn (N).

V : vn tc ct (m/ph).
Ndc : cng sut ng c in ca my ;
: hiu
sut ca my.
Mc
Pz . D
[ M x ] ( N.m) .
2 .1000
2319,87 . 160
185,58 (N.m).
2 . 1000
9,55 . N
9,55 .10
[M x ]
103
103 1989,58 (N.m) .
n
48
Ta thay M c [M x ] .
Mc

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
61
svth : NGUyN VN
Trong
D : ng knh phi (mm).
[Mx]: m men xon cho php ca trc chnh (Nm).
Pz [Pz ] (N).
Trong : [Pz] lc ln nht cho php theo bn mnh hp
kim.
Tra bng 4 57 [9] ta c: [Pz] = 2700 (N).
Ta thy Pz = 2319,87 < [Pz] = 2700.
Cc iu kin trn u tho mn do vy m cc tnh ton l
hp l.
7)Tnh thi gian my To:

Xc nh thi gian my theo cng thc:
T0
Trong :
L Y
i
S .n
(ph) .
To: thi gian my.

L: chiu di cn gia cng ca chi tit L = 170 (mm).
Y: lng n ti ca dao Y = 1.
S : lng chy dao S = 0,96 (mm/vg).
n : s vng quay ca phi n = 95 (vg/ph).
i : s ln ct i = 1(ln).
Do vy ta c :
II.
To
170 1
1 1,8 75 (ph).
0 ,96 . 95
Tra ch ct cho cc nguyn cng cn li.
I.Nguyn cng I: kh ng sut d bn trong

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
62
svth : NGUyN VN
II.Nguyn cng II: Kho mt u Khoan tm.

My : MP76M.
Dao : Dao phay mt u gn mnh BK8.
Bc 1: Kho mt u:
Chn dao:
Tra bng 4-95 [2] c: D = 200 (mm); B = 60 (mm); d(H7) = 50
(mm); Z = 12rng.
Chiu su ct: t = 5(mm).
Lng chy dao: tra bng 5-125[3] c: Sz = 0,3 (mm/rng).
Cc h s iu chnh tra bng trong bng 5 127[3] ta c:
h s ph thuc vo c tnh vt liu Kv1= 0,9.
h s ph thuc vo chu k bn Kv2 = 1.
h s ph thuc vo dng gia cng Kv3 =1.
h s ph thuc vo trng thi b mt gia cng K v4 = 0,8.
h s ph thuc vo gc nghing chnh Kv5 = 1.
VT Vb . K V1 . K V2 . K V3 . K V4 . K V5
Tra bng 5 116 [3] ta c Vb = 126(m/ph).

Do VT = 81 . 0,9 . 1 . 1 . 0,8 . 1 = 90,72 (m/ph).
Lng chy dao pht c tnh : Sph = n . Sz . Z (1).
Trong : n
1000 .VT
1000 . 90,72
144,38( v/ph ).
.D
3,14 . 200
Tra theo l lch my ly nm = 120 (v/ph).

n . .D
Khi ta tnh li vn tc
:
V ct
1000
120 . 3,14 . 200

1000
75,39 (m/ph).
Thay cc gi tr vo cng thc (1) ta c: Sph = 120 . 0,3 .12 =

432(mm/ph).
Khi thi gian c bn l:
T0
Trong :
L l1 l 2 140 0,1 0,1 0,32(ph).

Sph
432
L : = Dct =140(mm).
CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
63
svth : NGUyN VN
l1 lng n ti ca dao l1 = 0,1(mm).

l2 lng vt qu l2 = 0,1(mm).
Bc 2: Khoan tm:
Dao P18 (mi khoan chuyn dng).
D = 55(mm), d = 16(mm), X1 = 90o , X2 = 120o ,l = 2(mm), L =
35(mm).
Chiu su ct t = 0,5 .d = 0,5 . 16 = 8(mm).
Lng chy dao S = 0,46 0,56 = 0,53(mm/vg).
Tra bng 5 55 [5] c Vb = 28(m/ph).
khi :
VT Vb .K 1 .K 2 28.0,91.1 25,48(m/p)
K1: h s ph thuc vo chu k bn tra bng 5 57[5] c

K1 = 0,91.
K2: h s ph thuc vo chiu di l khoan tra bng 5
57[5] c K2 = 1.
S vng quay c xc nh nh sau:
n
1000.VT
1000 . 25,48
147,46(v/ph).
.D
3,14 . 55
Tra theo my chun chn nm = 160(vg/ph).

.D.n
3,14 . 55 .160
28(m/ph).
1000
1000
Khi vn tc ct c xc nhVli
theo:
T
Lng chy dao pht l: Sph = n . Sz =160 . 0,53 = 84,8(mm/ph).

Thi gian my:
To
L L1
35 4
i
1 0,46(ph).
S ph
84,4
Trong : L chiu di ct L =35(mm); L 1 chiu di vo ct L1=

4(mm); i s ln ct.
3.Nguyn cng III: Tin th 280, 160, 140.
My : 163A.
Dao : Dao tin gn BK8.
CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
64
svth : NGUyN VN
Bc 1: Tin th 280.
Chiu su ct: t = 1,15(mm).
Lng chy dao S : St = Sb . K
Trong : Sb bc tin dao tra bng 5 26[5] c Sb = 0,8(mm).
K- h s hiu chnh c xc nh theo cng thc: K = K1 . K2
Tra bng 5 33,37 [5] ta c K1= 0,7; K2= 1,0.
K = 0,7 .1 = 0,7 St = 0,8 . 0,7 = 0,56 (mm/vg).
Chn li bc tin dao theo bc tin ca my Sm S .
Sm = 0,54(mm/vg) < S = 0,56 (mm/vg).
Vn tc ct : V = Vb . K1 . K2 . K3 (m/ph).
Trong : Vb vn tc tra bng 5 29 [5] Vb = 70 (m/ph).
Tra bng 5 33,37 [5] ta c: K1= 0,7; K2= 1,0; K3 = 1,0.
V = 70 . 0,7 . 1 . 1 = 49(m/ph).
S vng quay nn t:
1000 . V
1000 . 49
55,7( v/ph).
.D
3,14 . 280
Chn li tc my nm < nt theo my chn nm = 48 < nt =

55,7(v/ph).
Khi :
n ..D
48 . 3,14 . 280
42 (m/ph).
1000
1000
Lng chy dao pht Sph = n . S = 48 . 0,54 = 25,92(mm/ph).

Thi gian my :
Trong :
To
L L1 L 2
500 2 2
i
1 19,4(ph).
S ph
25,92
L chiu di b mt gia cng L = 500(mm).

L1chiu di n dao L1 = 2(mm).
L2chiu di thot dao L2 = 2(mm).
Bc 2: Tin th 160, 140.
Chiu su ct: t = 1.5(mm).
CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
65
svth : NGUyN VN

Tra bng 5 33,37 [5] ta c K1= 0,7; K2= 1,0.
K = 0,7 .1 = 0,7 St = 0,8 . 0,7 = 0,56 (mm/vg).
Sm = 0,54(mm/vg) < S = 0,56 (mm/vg).
Trong : Vb vn tc tra bng 5 29[5] Vb = 84 (m/ph).
Tra bng 5 33,37 [5] ta c K1= 0,7; K2= 1,0; K3 = 1,0.
V = 84 . 0,7 . 1 . 1 = 58,8(m/ph).
nt
S vng quay n :
1000 . V
1000 . 58,8
116,9( v/ph).
.D
3,14 .160

116,9(v/ph).
Khi :
n ..D
95 . 3,14 .160
48 (m/ph).
1000
1000
Lng chy dao pht Sph = n . S = 95 . 0,54 = 51,3 (mm/ph).

Thi gian my T: o
Trong :
L L1 L 2
170 2 2
i
1 3,39(ph).
S ph
51,3

4.Nguyn cng IV: Tin th 170 , 160, 155, 140.
My 163A.
Dao : Gn mnh BK8.
G trn hai mi tm.
Bc1:tin th 170
-Chiu su ct:t=1.8(mm)
-Lng chy daoS: St=Sb.K
Trong :Sb bc tin dao tra bng 5-56[5] c Sb = 0,8(mm).
CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
66
svth : NGUyN VN
Tra bng 5 33,37 [5] ta c K1= 0,7; K2= 1,0.

K = 0,7 .1 = 0,7 St = 0,8 . 0,7 = 0,56 (mm/vg).
Sm = 0,54(mm/vg) < S = 0,56 (m
Vn tc ct : V = Vb . K1 m/vg)./vg).. K2 . K3 (m/ph).
Tra bng 5 33,37 [5] ta c K1= 0,7; K2= 1,0; K3 = 1,0.
V = 70 . 0,7 . 1 . 1 = 49(m/ph).
S vng quay n:
nt
1000 . V
1000 . 49
97.52( v/ph).
.D
3,14 .170

97.57(v/ph).
-Khi :
n ..D
95 .3,14 . 170
50.73 (m/ph).
1000
1000
Chn V = 51(m/ph).
-Lng chy dao pht Sph = n . S = 95 . 0,54 = 51,3 (mm/ph).
Thi gian my : T L L1 L 2 i 30 2 2 1 0,66(ph).
o
S ph
51,3
-Trong :
Bc 2: Tin th 160.
Nh tnh ton
Bc 3: Tin th 155.
Tra bng 5 33,37 [5] ta c K1= 0,7; K2= 1,0.
CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
67
svth : NGUyN VN
K = 0,7 .1 = 0,7 St = 0,8 . 0,7 = 0,56 (mm

Sm = 0,54(mm/vg) < S = 0,56 (m
Vn tc ct : V = Vb . K1 m/vg)./vg).. K2 . K3 (m/ph).
Tra bng 5 33,37 [5] ta c K1= 0,7; K2= 1,0; K3 = 1,0.
V = 70 . 0,7 . 1 . 1 = 49(m/ph).
S vng quaynnt :
1000 . V
1000 . 49
100,6( v/ph).
.D
3,14 .155

100,6(v/ph).
Khi :
n ..D
95 . 3,14 . 155
46,2 (m/ph).
1000
1000
Chn V = 48(m/ph).
To
Thi gian my :
L L1 L 2
45 2 2
i
1 0,96(ph).
S ph
51,3
Trong :
Bc 4: Tin th 140.
Ging bc 2 ca nguyn cng II.
C t = 1,4(mm), S = 0,54(mm/vg), V = 42(m/ph), n =
95(vg/ph), To = 3,49(ph).
5:Nguyn cng V: Tin th 170, tin cung R20, tin rnh.
My 163A.
Dao: Gn mnh BK8.
-Bc 2: Tin th 170:
Ging nh bc 1 nguyn cng III.
CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
68
svth : NGUyN VN
C t = 1,65(mm), S = 0,54(mm/vg). V = 48(m/ph), n =

95(vg/ph), To = 0,66(ph).
Bc 2: Tin cung R20.
Lng chy dao S :
St = Sb . K
Tra bng 5 27 [5] ta c: Sb = 0,3(mm/vg).

i vi gang cu K = 1,25
St = 0,3 . 1,25 = 0,375(mm/vg).
Theo l lch my chn Sm < St hay Sm = 0,33 < 0,375 = St .

Vt
Xc nh vn tc ct
VV:b . K1 . K 2 . K 3
(m/ph).
Tra bng 5-29 [5] c: Vb = 100(m/ph).

Tra bng 5 33,37 [5] ta c K1= 0,6; K2= 1,0; K3 = 1,0.
Do ta c Vt = 100 . 0,6 . 1 . 1 = 60(m/ph).
S vng quayn tn:
1000 . V
1000 . 60
112,34( v/ph).
.D
3,14 .170
Chn li tc my n m < nt theo my chn nm = 95 < nt =

n ..D
112,34(v/ph).
V
Khi :
1000
95 . 3,14 .170
50,7 (m/ph).
1000
Chn V = 50(m/ph).
Thi gian my T: o
L Lv
165 2
i
1 5,32(ph).
S ph
31,35
Trong :
Lv chiu di n dao Lv = 2(mm) tra bng 5-24 [5]

Bc 3: Tin rnh:
Lng chy dao S :
St = Sb . K
Tra bng 5 27 [5] ta c: Sb = 0,3(mm/vg).

i vi gang cu K = 1,25
St = 0,3 . 1,25 = 0,375(mm/vg).

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
69
svth : NGUyN VN

Xc nh vn tc ct
VV:b . K1 . K 2 . K 3
Vt
(m/ph).
Tra bng 5-29 [5] c: Vb = 63(m/ph).

S vng quay n:
nt
1000 . V
1000 . 63
135,08( v/ph).
.D
3,14 .148
Chn li tc my nm < nt theo my chn nm = 118 < nt

= 135,08(v/ph).
Tra bng
5 33,37 [5] ta c K1= 0,6; K2= 1,0;trabng 5
38[5 ] c K3 = 1,05.
Do ta c Vt = 63 . 0,7 . 1 . 1,05 = 46 (m/ph).
Thi gian my T: o
Trong :
L Lv
23 2
i
1 0,80(ph).
S ph
31,35

Lv chiu di n dao Lv = 2(mm) tra bng 5-24 [5] .
6.Nguyn cng VI: Tin tinh 280, 160, 140, Vt mp .
My 163A.
Dao : Gn mnh BK8.
Bc 1: Tin tinh 280:
Chiu su ct: t = 0.35(mm).
Tra bng 5 33,37 [5] ta c K1= 0,7; K2= 1,0.
K = 0,7 .1 = 0,7 St = 0,6 . 0,7 = 0,42 (mm/vg).
Sm = 0,42(mm/vg).
Tra bng 5 33,37 [5] ta c K1= 0,7; K2= 1,0; K3 = 1,0.
CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
70
svth : NGUyN VN
V = 98 . 0,7 . 1 . 1 = 68,6(m/ph).
S vng quaynnt :
1000 . V
1000 . 68,6
77,9( v/ph).
.D
3,14 . 280

77,9(v/ph).
Khi :V
n ..D
75 . 3,14 . 280
65,9 (m/ph).
1000
1000
Chn V = 66(m/ph).
Lng chy dao pht Sph = n . S = 95 . 0,42= 39,9 (mm/ph).
Thi gian my T: o L L1 L 2 i 500 2 2 1 12,6(ph).
S ph
39,9
Trong :
L1 = L2=2(mm).
Bc 3: Tin tinh 160
K = 0,7 .1 = 0,7 St = 0,6 . 0,7 = 0,42 (mm/vg).
Chn li bc tin dao theo bc tin ca my Sm S t.
Sm = 0,42(mm/vg).
Tra bng 5 33,37 [5] ta c K1= 0,7; K2= 1,0; K3 = 1,0.
V = 98 . 0,7 . 1 . 1 = 68,6(m/ph).
S vng quaynnt :
1000 . V
1000 . 68,6
155,9( v/ph).
.D
3,14 .140
Chn li tc my nm < nt theo my chn nm = 150< nt =

155,9(v/ph).
CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
71
svth : NGUyN VN
Khi :V
n ..D
150 . 3,14 . 140
65,9 (m/ph).
1000
1000
Chn V = 66(m/ph).
Lng chy dao pht Sph = n . S = 150 . 0,42 = 63 (mm/ph).
Thi gian my T: o
L Lv
175 4
i
1 2,84(ph).
S ph
63
Trong :
Lv chiu di n dao Lv = 4(mm) tra bng 5-24 [5] .
Bc 3: Tin tinh 140
Ging bc 3 c:
C t = 0,3(mm). n = 150(v/ph), V = 80 (v/ph). To = 2,75(ph).
Bc 4,5: Vt mp 10x45o, 3x45o.
C t1 = 5(mm), t2 = 1,5(mm).
n1=75(v/ph), n1=75(v/ph),
7..Nguyn cng VII: Tin tinh 160, 155, 140, Vt mp .
My 163A.
Dao : Gn mnh BK8.
Bc 1: Tin tinh 160:
Ging bc 2 nguyn cng V.
Bc 2: Tin tinh 155:
K = 0,7 .1 = 0,7 St = 0,6 . 0,7 = 0,42 (mm/vg).
Sm = 0,42(mm/vg).
CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
72
svth : NGUyN VN
Tra bng 5 33,37 [5] ta c K1= 0,7; K2= 1,0; K3 = 1,0.

V = 98 . 0,7 . 1 . 1 = 68,6(m/ph).
S vng quaynnt :
1000 . V
1000 . 68,6
140,8( v/ph).
.D
3,14 .155

140,8(v/ph).
Khi :
n ..D
118 . 3,14 . 155
57,5 (m/ph).
1000
1000
Chn V = 58(m/ph).
Thi gian my T: o
Trong :
L Lv
45 4
i
1 0,98(ph).
S ph
49,6

Lv chiu di n dao Lv = 2(mm) tra bng 5-24 [5].
Bc 4: Tin tinh 140:
Ging bc 3 nguyn cng V.
Bc 5,6: Vt mp 10x45o,3x45o.
C t1= 5(mm). t2 =1,5(mm).
8.Nguyn cng VIII: Tin th rnh cn.
My 163A.
Dao : Gn mnh BK8.
G trn hai mi tm .
Chiu su ct: t = 2,5(mm), i = 10.
Lng chy dao S: St = Sb. K
K = 1,25.
Tra bng 5 27[5]: c Sb = 0,25(mm/vg).

St = 0,25 . 1,25 = 0,31(mm/vg).
Vt
Xc nh vn tc ct
VV:b . K1 . K 2 . K 3
(m/ph).

Tra bng 5 33,37 [5] ta c K1= 0,7; K2= 1,0; K3 = 1,0.
V = 70 . 0,7 . 1 . 1 = 49(m/ph).
CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
73
svth : NGUyN VN
S vng quaynnt :
1000 . V
1000 . 49
55,7( v/ph).
.D
3,14 . 280

55,7(v/ph).
Khi :
n ..D
48 . 3,14 . 280
42,2 (m/ph).
1000
1000
Chn V = 42(m/ph).
Thi gian my T: o
Trong :
L Lv
360 2
i
1 25,1(ph).
S ph
14,4

9.Nguyn cng IX: Tin tinh rnh cn .
My 163A.
Dao : Gn mnh BK8.
G trn hai mi tm.
Lng chy dao S: St = Sb. K
K = 0,75.
Tra bng 5 27[5]: c Sb = 0,35(mm/vg).

St = 0,35 . 0,75 = 0,26(mm/vg).
Vt
Xc nh vn tc ct
VV:b . K1 . K 2 . K 3
(m/ph).
Trong : Vb vn tc tra bng 5 29[5] Vb = 105(m/ph).

Tra bng 5 33,37 [5] ta c K1= 0,7; K2= 1,0 , tra bng 5
39[5] c K3 = 1.
V = 105 . 0,7 . 1 . 1 = 73,5(m/ph).
S vng quay n :
nt
1000 . V
1000 . 73,5
83,6( v/ph).
.D
3,14 . 280

83,6(v/ph).
Khi :
n ..D
75. 3,14 . 280
65,9 (m/ph).
1000
1000

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
74
svth : NGUyN VN
Chn V = 65(m/ph).
Lng chy dao pht Sph = n . S = 75 . 0,24 = 18 (mm/ph).
Thi gian my T: o
Trong :
L Lv
360 2
i
Sph
18
20,1(ph).

10. Ngun cng X: Kim tra trung gian
11.Nguyn cng XI: Phay rnh vn:
- My T650.
Dao :BK8
G trn hai mi tm.
Chiu su ct t = 0,5(mm).
S vng quay ca daon l:
Trong :
.D
3,14 . 280
125(vg/ph).
tv
7
tv = 7(mm) tng ng vi mt vng quay ca phi.

Do vy lng chy dao S = 7(mm/vg).
To
L
360
i
10 360 (ph) .
Vf
10
Thi gian c bn :
Trong
Vf: vn tc chy dao Vf = 0,08 . 125 = 10(mm/ph).
L: chiu di gia cng L = 360(mm).
i: s ln gia cng i = 10.
12.Nguyn cng XII: Phay rnh then.
My FU 250 x1000.
Dao BK8.
G trn hai khi V.
Tra bng 4 73[2] ta c kch thc dao: d = 16(mm), L =
79(mm), l = 19(mm).
CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
75
svth : NGUyN VN
Lng chy dao: S = 340 (mm/ph) tra bng 5 181[5].

Tc ct: V = 26 (m/ph) tra bng 5 - 181[5].
VT Vb .K 1.K 2 .K 3 .K 4 26 . 0,89 . 0,75 .1,0 . 0,89 15(m/ph).
S vng quay:
n
1000 . V
1000 .15
302,25 (vg/ph) .
.D
3,14 .16
Tra theo l lch my ta c :nm = 300 < nt = 302,25(vg/ph).

Thi gian c bnTo:
Trong :
L
Vf
70
0,7 (ph).
100
L: chiu di lm vic L = 70(mm).

Vf:Tc chy dao:Vf = f . n = 0,2.500 = 100 (vg/ph);
f lng chy dao cho 1 rng.
13.Nguyn cng XIII: Phay hai mt phng
My 6H83.
Dao BK8.
G trn mm cp v tng cng bng luynet.
Tra bng 5- 160 [2] ta c kch thc dao: D = 200(mm), B =
20(mm), Z = 20(rng).
Chiu su ct t = 10(mm).
Lng chy dao : Tra bng 5 160[5] c:
Lng chy dao th trn 1 rng Sz = 0,24(mm/rng).
Lng chy dao vng Sv = Sz . Z = 0,24 . 20 = 4,8(mm/vg).
Tc ct : Tra bng 5 116[5] c Vb = 112(mm/ph).
Khi Vt = Vb . K1 . K2 . K3 .K4
Tra bng 5 117,119,121,122[5] ta c K1= 0,79; K2= 0,8 ; K3 =
1,13; K4 = 0,95.
Vt = 112 . 0,79 . 0,8 . 1,13 . 0,95 = 75,9(mm/ph).
1000 . V
Do s vng quayn l:
.D
1000 . 75,9
150,9 (vg/ph) .
3,14 .160
Tra theo l lch my c n = 150(vg/ph).

Thi gian c bnTo:
L
Vf
36
2 8 (ph).
9

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
76
svth : NGUyN VN
Trong :
Vf = f . n = 0,06 . 150 = 9(mm/ph), vi f tra bng 5
240[5].
i = 2.
L chiu di gia cng .
Lng chy dao pht: Sph = n . Sz . Z = 150 . 0,24 . 20 =
720(mm/ph).
12)
Nguyn cng XIV: Mi c trc 160.
My 3161A.
14A40T1K7
x203x40
G trn hai mi tm .
Tra bng 4-170[2] ta c kch thc D = 400(mm), H =
100(mm), d = 203(mm).
Bc 1,2: Mi c trc 160.
Lng chy dao :
Tra bng 5 204[3] c S = 0,46(mm/vg).
S vng quay :
Tra bng 5 204[3] c nct = (40145)(vg/ph).
Chn nct = 100(vg/ph).
Chn n = 1240(vg/ph).
Thi gian c bn:
To
t
S. n
0.1 2
) *12
0,46 .100
0,57 (ph).
Ta c cc bng tra ch ct ca cc nguyn cng

nh sau:
Nguyn cng I: kh ng sut d bn trong
CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
77
svth : NGUyN VN
Nguyn cng II: Kho mt u, khoan tm.

2
1
Bc
MP76M
MP76M
My
P18
BK8
Dao
8
5
t(mm)
160
120
n(vg/ph)
0,53
0,3
S
0,46
0,32
To (ph)
(mm/vg)
Nguyn cng III: Tin th280,160,140
2
1
Bc
163A
163A
My
BK8
BK8
Dao
1,5
1,15
t(mm)
95
48
n(vg/ph)
0,54
0,54
S
3,39
19,4
To (ph)
(mm/vg)
Nguyn cng IV: Tin th 170,160,155,140
4
3
2
1
Bc
163A
163A
163A
163A
My
BK8
BK8
BK8
BK8
Dao
1,4
1,4
1,5
1.8
t(mm)
95
95
48
95
n(vg/ph)
0,54
0,54
0,96
0,54
S
3,49
0,96
1,875
0,66
To (ph)
(mm/vg)
Nguyn cng V: Tin cung R20, tin th 170, tin rnh
3
2
1
Bc
163A
163A
163A
My
BK8
BK8
BK8
Dao
2,5
5
1,8
t(mm)
118
95
95
n(vg/ph)
0,33
0,33
0,54
S
0,80
5,32
0,66
To (ph)
(mm/vg)
Nguyn cng VI: Tin tinh 280,160,140 ,Vt mp
5
4
3
2
1
Bc
163A
163A
163A
163A
163A
My
BK8
BK8
BK8
BK8
BK8
Dao
1.5
5
0,3
0,35
0,35
t(mm)
75
75
150
150
75
n(vg/ph)
0,42
0,42
0,42
S
2,75
2,84
12,6
To (ph)
(mm/vg)
Nguyn cng VII: Tin tinh 160,155,140, Vt mp
CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
78
svth : NGUyN VN
5
4
3
2
1
Bc
163A
163A
163A
163A
163A
My
BK8
BK8
BK8
BK8
BK8
Dao
1,5
5
0,3
0,35
0,35
t(mm)
75
75
150
118
180
n(vg/ph)
0,42
0,42
0,42
S
2,75
0,98
2,84
To (ph)
(mm/vg)
Nguyn cng VIII: Tin th rnh cn
1
Bc
163A
My
BK8
Dao
2,5
t(mm)
48
n(vg/ph)
0,3
S
25,1
To (ph)
(mm/vg)
Nguyn cng IX: Tin tinh rnh cn
1
Bc
163A
My
BK8
Dao
0,5
t(mm)
75
n(vg/ph)
0,24
S
20,1
To (ph)
(mm/vg)
Nguyn cng X: Kim tra trung gian
Nguyn cng XI: Phay rnh vn
1
Bc
T650
My
BK8
Dao
0,5
t(mm)
125
n(vg/ph)
7
S(mm/vg)
360
To (ph)
Nguyn cng XII: Phay rnh then

1
Bc
6H11
My
BK8
Dao
6
t(mm)
300
n(vg/ph)
340
S
0,7
To (ph)
(mm/ph)
Nguyn cng XIII: Phay hai mt phng
1
6H83
BK8
10
180
720
6,7
Bc
My
Dao
t(mm)
n(vg/ph)
To (ph)
(mm/ph)
Nguyn cng XIV: Mi c trc 160

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
79
svth : NGUyN VN
14A40T1K7
1,2
3B161
400x203x40
0,1
1240
0,46
0,57
Bc
A
My
Dao
t(mm)
N(vg/p
To
h)
(mm/vg
(ph)
)
Phn VII
tnh ton v thit k g
I.
ngha v yu cu i vi vic tnh v thit k g.

g l mt trong nhng trang thit b cng ngh khng
th thiu c trong qu trnh gia cng trn my ct kim loi.

Trong qu trnh lp rp v kim tra g c tc dng rt ln
trong vic nng cao nng sut lao ng (gim thi gian ph,
thi gian my), nng cao chnh xc gia cng, gim nh sc
lao ng v m rng kh nng cng ngh ca my. S dng
ht tim lc ca g ta c th m rng vic c kh ho v
t ng ho trong qu trnh sn xut .
Vic tnh ton v thit k g phi m bo cc yu
cu sau :
g phi m bo cc yu cu v chnh xc gia cng.
Kt cu gn gng ph hp vi cng dng ca n, phi gii
quyt c vn nh v kp cht, tho phi nhanh
gim thi gian ph c nh vy mi tng c nng xut gia cng.
g phi s dng an ton, thun tin v gim c sc lao
ng nng nhc ca cng nhn .
II.
Thit k g kho mt u chi tit gia cng.
1. Kt cu ca g.
Da vo kt cu, hnh dng yu cu ca chi tit gia cng. Khi
kho mt u chi tit khng ch ht s bc t do cn
thit ta dng 2 khi V. Do vy m ta phi tnh ton cho khi V.
CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
80
svth : NGUyN VN
Cc yu cu k thut ca khi V:
V tr khi V quyt nh v tr ca chi tit gia cng nn
khi V cn phi nh v tr chnh xc trn thn g bng
hai cht tr. Cht tr c lp ghp theo A/l1 vi khi V v sau
dng vt vn cht li.
nhn mt y v b mt lm vic ca khi V 0,7.
khng phng ca mt y v b mt lm vic ca
khi V 0,02 trn 100 mm chiu di.
Vt liu ch to khi V l thp 20X, mt y v b mt
lm vic thm cacbon su (0,6 0,8)mm t5560 HRC.
Vt liu ch to thn g l gang xm.
Cc kch thc khi V v g ghi trn bn v.
Cc b mt tip xc vi nh v v mt y gia cng
t 7.
khng phng ca b mt nh v so vi mt y
khng qu 0,02mm trn 100 mm chiu di.
2. Nguyn l lm vic ca g.
kp c chi tit gia cng ta dng hai cht, mt cht ci
v mt cht l tm quay sau vn ai c xung bng thit
b vn nng nh m nt hoc vn chuyn dng.
Mun tho chi tit ra hoc phn ngi ta vn ai
c ra, rt m tho nhanh ra v tin hnh tho chi tit hoc
phn .
3. Lc ct khi phay.
Lc ct khi phay c cc thnh phn Pz , Py , Po.
Pz
C P . t Xp . S Yp . BUp . Z Pz
D Qp . nWp
C p . t Xp .S Yp . B Up . Z
D Qp . n Wp
K M (KG) (1).
Trong :
Z: s rng dao Z = 12.

D: ng knh dao D = 200(mm).
CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
81
svth : NGUyN VN
n: S vng quay ca dao n = 90(v/ph).

S : lng chy dao cho mt rng Sz = 0,3(mm/rng).
t: chiu su ct t = 5(mm).
B: chiu rng phay B = 140(mm).
Cc tr s Cp v cc s m tra bng 5 41[3] ta c.
Cp = 101; Xp = 0,88; Yp = 0,75; Up =1; Wp = 0; qp = 0,85.
KM h s hiu chnh xc nh theo :
HB
190
KM
np
250
190
0 , 55
1,1
Trong np = 0,55 tra bng 5 9[3].

Thay vo (1)ta c:
Pz
101. 5 0,88.0,30,75. 1401.12

1,1 99 (KG) .
200 0,85. 90 0
Cc thnh phn lc khc:

Py = 0,4 . Pz = 0,4 . 99 = 39,6(KG).
P0 = 0,55 . Pz = 0,55 . 99 = 54,5(KG).
Ta c s nh v nh hnh v:
Ta c s g t chi tit ln khi V khi phay mt u nh

hnh v:

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
82
svth : NGUyN VN

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
83
svth : NGUyN VN
Xt ti im A trn hnh v ta c s lc nh hnh v di:

w
pz
pyz
pv
po
py
Ta thy :
Py c xu hng gy mt cn bng cho chi tit lm chi tit b lt
quanh im A.
Po c xu hng gy mt cn bng cho chi tit lm chi tit b trt
dc trn khi V.
Pz c xu hng gy mt cn bng cho chi tit lm chi tit quay
quanh trc ca n.
m bo iu kin cc thnh phn lc gy ra khng nh
hng ti qu trnh cng ngh ta i xt nh hng ca cc thnh
phn lc ny.
Khi vic tnh ton g s t hiu qu cao hn trong s
dng cng nh vic m bo kh nng lm vic trong qu
trnh gia cng.
a. nh hng ca thnh phn Py:

Py c xu hng gy mt cn bng cho chi tit gia cng b lt
quanh im A:
W1
Pz
W1
Pv
Dd
t
n
G/2
A
P0

Py
CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
G/2
84
svth : NGUyN VN
Phng trnh cn bng:
A'
W1 . l1 Py . t 0
Do ta xc nh c W1 l: Py . t
W1
l1
39,6 . 5
0,76 (KG).
260
b. nh hng ca thnh phn Po.

Lc Po lm cho chi tit gia cng trt trn khi V(theo iu kin
chng trt dc trc).
w2
fms3
w2
w2
fms3
po
A'
fms1
fms2
n
Phng trnh cn bng:

2Fms1 + 2Fms2 + 2Fms3 kPo = 0.
2W + Px - 4(N1+N2) sin = 0
CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
85
svth : NGUyN VN
Fms = N . f
Trong : Fms1, Fms2, l ma st gia chi tit v cc b mt lm
vic ca khi V.
Fms3 l ma st gia chi tit v thanh kp.
W2
K.Py 2.W.f
2.W Px
f
sin
Hay W2
K . Py.sin Px . f
2 . f . (1 sin )
2
54,5 0.15
2
58,3(KG) .
2
2 0,15 (1
)
2
1,5 35,9
Trong : K l h s an ton K = 1,5; f l h s ma st f = 0,15
c. nh hng ca thnh phn PZ .

Pz c xu hng lm cho chi tit quay quanh trc ca n(iu
kin chng xoay).
Phng trnh cn bng: 2N1.R + 2N2.R KPz .R = 0
(1).
w3
nf2
nf1
pz
nf1
K . Px 2 . W3

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
2 ( N1 N 2 )
sin
86
( 2).
svth : NGUyN VN
Mt khc:
T (2) suy ra: 2(N1 + N2) = (K . Px + 2W3). sin (3).
Thay (3) vo (1) ta c : K.Pz - (K . Px + 2W3). sin = 0.
W3
1,5 . 99 1,5 . 54,5 . 0,15

K.Pz - K.Px.f
2.f . sin
2
2 . 0,15 .
2
642,2 (KG).
Ta thy: W3 > W2 > W1 .
Chn W = W3 = 642,2(KG)
4. Tnh lc xit bu lng.
Ta xc nh ng knh bu lng:
ng knh bu lng xc nh theo
4 . Q . 1,3
d
c
cng thc: . K
(mm).
Trong :
Q
W
624
312 ( KG ).
2
2
c: h s an ton c = 1,5 .
K vi thp CT30
: ng sut ko cho php ca vt liu,
= 25(kg/mm).
Do :
1,5
4 . 312 .1,3
3,14 . 25
7,5 (mm) .
Tra bng tiu chun chn d = 18(mm) m bo cng

vng cho qu trnh gia cng
Tnh lc xit bu lng:

Xc nh theo cng thc:
W
Trong :
Q.l
tg( 1 ) R tb tg1 R '
Q.l W tg( 1 )R tb tg1R '
W: ngoi lc quay bu lng W = 642(KG).

: gc nng ca ren = 20 30.
rtb: ng knh trung bnh ca ren rtb = 6(mm).
1 :gc ma st gia ren bu lng v ren ai c 1 = arctg0,15 =
80 53.
CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
87
svth : NGUyN VN
R : Bn knh ma st c xc nh theo cng thc:

2 R3 r3
2 83 6 3
R 2
10,6(mm) .
3 R r2
3 82 62
'
l: chiu di cnh tay n l = 150(mm).

Do :
642 (tg2030' 8053' ) 6 tg8053' 10,6

12,2 (KG).
150
Chn cc chi tit ca g:

Bu lng - ai c M30 v M32.
Khi V , theo bng XII-8 [3] - (TCVN 397 - 70)
M
D
h1
2 l d
c1
c2
2 l d1

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
88
svth : NGUyN VN
D = 160(mm); L = 290(mm); B = 85(mm);
=150(mm);
M = 165(mm); C = 64 (mm); C1 = 45(mm); C2
25(mm);
d = 18(mm);
d1 = 26(mm); d2 = 50 (mm); h = 30(mm);
h1 = 65 (mm); b = 40 (mm); r = 5(mm).
5. Tnh sai s g.
gd 2 c 2 k 2 dg
Sai s g t c xc nh theo cng thc:

Trong : c sai s chun, k sai s kp, dg sai s g
a. Tnh sai s chun c.

cH1 mdv ktc .
.D
20
14,1( m) 0,014 (mm)

0
2.sin 45
2.sin 45 0
.D
20
ktc
10 ( m) 0,01(mm).
2
2
cH1 14,1 10 24,1( m) 0,0241(mm) .
mdv
b. Tnh sai s kp k:
Tra bng 21 [1] ta c k = 450(m) = 0,45(mm).
c. Tnh sai s g dg.

dg 2 dg 2
Trong :
dg: dung sai g.

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
89
svth : NGUyN VN

: mn ca g:
: H s ph thuc vo kiu tip xc = 0,3 0,8 = 0,6.

N s lng chi tit gia cng trn g N = 8000(ct/nm).
0,6 8000 53,6(m) 0,05 (mm).
Dung sai g ly bng 1/3 dung sai ca chi tit:

Khi :
dg
D
20
6,6( m) 0,006 (mm).

3
3
Thay cc tr s tnh vo cng thc sai s g t ta c:

gd
24,12 450 2 54 2 453( m) 0,45(mm).
6. iu kin k thut ca g.
khng vung gc gia tm khi V v mt u chi tit
0,45mm.
khng song song ca ng tm vimt y g
0,02mm trn 100mm chiu di.
Khi lp ghp trn g ng tm hai khi V phi trng
nhau.
khng vung gc gia tm cht nh v v g
0,02mm.
Cc mt ca khi V phi thm C t 0,6 0,8 mm,
bng t c 8, cng t c sau khi nhit luyn t 55
60 HRC.

CHNG- lp: TC2001MA
90
svth : NGUyN VN

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n tt nghip cng ngh ch to my

cng ho x hi ch ngha vit nam

B mn: Cng ngh CTM

- Trang thit b t chn.

: Nguyn Trng Khanh

Ngy hon thnh:

gio vin hng dn

Gvhd : th.s- Nguyn trng khanh

n tt nghip cng ngh ch to my

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: Nguyn Trng Khanh

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n tt nghip cng ngh ch to my

Hng dn thit k n cng ngh ch to my:

PGS.TS Trn Vn ch -- Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut

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n tt nghip cng ngh ch to my

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1. Nguyn l lm vic ca chi tit.

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Trc cn tinh: C nhim v nn v nh hnh dng cho sn

2. iu kin lm vic ca trc cn :

Phn tch yu cu k thut ca chi tit gia cng t

Gvhd : th.s- Nguyn trng khanh

n tt nghip cng ngh ch to my

Chi tit trc cn l chi tit dng trc ph bin trong

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lc chun nh v trng vi chun o lng. iu cng

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Vic gia cng mt u to mt phng cho bc khoan

Nn ta c th s dng phng php gia cng ng thi bng

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n tt nghip cng ngh ch to my

Gvhd : th.s- Nguyn trng khanh

n tt nghip cng ngh ch to my

Sn lng c kh hng nm ca chi tit gia cng.

Theo cng thc 1 - [1] ta c:

n tt nghip cng ngh ch to my

Xc nh trng lng chi tit.

Theo cng thc Q = V (kG).

Q Trong lng chi tit (KG).

V Th tch chi tit (dm3).