EXPERIMENT NO: 1

DATE:

LED DRIVING CIRCUIT

AIM: To design and setup an astable multivibrator circuit to drive five LEDs for one
second and other five LEDs for two seconds.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Rc1 = Rc2 = 560 ; R1 = R2 = 47k ; C1= 30F; C2 = 63F;

Vcc = +15V ; Q1,Q2: BC 107

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

SL.NO.

COMPONENT

1.

Resistor

2.

Capacitor

3.
4.

Transistor
LED

SPECIFICATION
560
47k
33F
68F
BC107

QUANTITY
2
2
1
1
2
10

THEORY:
An astable multivibrator , also called as a free running oscillator has two
quasi stable states. According to the charging and discharging periods of the two timing
capacitors, the astable configuration would transit from one state to the other
automatically. When one transistor is in the ON state, the other is in the OFF state and
vice versa.
Suppose transistor Q1 is OFF and Q2 is ON. Then the capacitor, whose left
side potential is IC x RC, would charge to +VCC through R2 and Q2. As its potential
becomes 0.7 V, Q1 would start conducting. When Q1.
Conducts, Q2 goes to OFF state due to regenerative action. Thus the time duration in
which Q2 remains in ON state is given by 0.69R2C2.
Sudden conduction of Q1 causes a potential drop of ICRC at the collector Q1.
This sudden change is coupled to the base of Q2 turning it OFF.
Thus we have two states HIGH (VCC) and a LOW (VCEsat).
A typical LED requires a current of 10 mA and has a voltage of 1.7 V across it when it
is working.
DESIGN:
Given: Vcc = +15V ; LED current = 10 mA ; = 125
Overdrive factor = 4 ;
Duty cycle =1/3(1s ON and 2s OFF)
Select transistor BC 107.
Design of RC1 and RC2:
IC1 = 10mA
RC1 = [Vcc - (5 x VLED) VCE1] / IC1
= (15 5 x 1.7- 0.2) / 10 x 10-3
= 610
Select Rc1 = Rc2 = 560

Design of R1 and R2:

IB min = IC /
= 10mA /125
= 80A
Overdrive factor = 4
IB = 4 x 80A = 320A
R1 = (VCC - VBEsat ) / IB
= 44. 69 k ;

Select R1 = R2 = 47 k

Design of C1 and C2 :
TON = 1s = 0.69R1xC1
C1 = 1 / 0.69x47x103
C1 = 30.83F
Select C1 = 30 F
TOFF = 2s = 0.69R2xC2
C2 = 2 / 0.69x47x103
C2 = 61.67F
Select C2 = 63 F
PROCEDURE:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Test all the components.

Set up the circuit as per the circuit diagram
Power the circuit.
Observe the output
Plot the obtained waveform

RESULT:
The LED driving circuit was designed and set up and the required output was obtainedone set of LEDs glowed for 2 seconds and the other set for 1 second.