BI BO KHOA HC

M HNH S 3D BI TON THM

KHU VC PHN LU SNG HNG - SNG O
Bi Vn Trng1

Tm tt: Bi bo trnh by phng php, kt qu m phng bi ton thm khu vc phn lu ca

sng Hng - sng o bng m hnh s 3D. Kt qu m hnh cho php xc nh cc thng s ca
trng thm bt k thi im v v tr no trong khu vc, l c s quan trng cho vic tnh ton, d
bo v la chn cc gii php x l m bo n nh h thng , k v cng trnh. Phn cui bi
bo trnh by kt qu ng dng m hnh trong bi ton d bo nguy c pht sinh bin dng thm
nn khu vc phn lu ca sng.
T kha:Mhnh3D,bitonthm,phnlusng.

1. T VN 1
Ni dng sng phn lu v ni sng chy
un khc l nhng ni bin sng c hnh thi
bin i phc tp, dng thm t sng v pha
ngvtngrasngphttrinrtphctp.
y cng l ni c ch thy ng lc, a
cht nn bin i rt phc tp trong khng
gian. Do vy vic gii cc bi ton thm theo
bi ton phng thng km chnh xc v gp
khkhnkhichnmtcttnhton.Trongiu
kin,mhnh(MH)hahthngtnhin-
kthut(TNKT)khu vcbngmhnhs3D
lphngphp(PP)tipcnhpl.
Phn mm Visual Modflow phin bn
4.2.0.151cvitthphnmmMODFLOW
caMcnhngtnhnnghini,linhhot,
cho php m phng kh y cc tnh cht,
hnhthicamitrngvcchpphncah
thng. S dng phn mm ny cng vi s h
trcahphnmmSurfer,Mapinforchophp
mhnhhahthngTNKTkhuvcphnlu
ca sng theo bi ton khng gian, t xc
nh c cc thng s ca trng thm bt
k thi im v vtrno trong khuvc, lc
squantrngchovictnhton,dbovla
chn cc gii php x l (GPXL) m bo n
nhhthng,kvcngtrnh.
2. C S L THUYT CA M HNH
2.1. M hnh ton hc
Sbinicaomcnc(MN)dit

1

B mn a k thut - i hc Thy li.

68

h(x, y, z) c m t bng mt phng trnh

ohmring(ToddD.K,1980)nhsau:

h
h
h
h
Kxx K yy Kzz W Ss (1)
x
x yK , Ky ,K
z -zh
t theo
s thm
trong:
xx
yy
zz

cchngx,yvz;
h-ctcaoMNtivtr(x,y,z)thiimt;
W-moduledngngm;
Ss-hsnhncnv(1/m).
Phng trnh (1) m t ng thi ca nc
di t (ND) trong mi trng khng ng
nhtvdhng.Phngtrnh(1)cngvicc
iukinbin,iukinbanutothnhMH
tonhccadngthm.
2.2. Phng php gii
Trong thc t, min thm c iu kin rt
phc tp, do vy (1) c gii bng PP sai
phnhuhn(RaudkiviA.Jetal,1975).Vi
PP ny, mi trng thm c chia thnh cc
lp.Milplicchiathnhccnh.T
thitlpchphngtrnhcsphng
trnhtngng vis li.Giihphng
trnhnybngPPlpsxcnhch(x,y,
z) bt k thi im (t) no trong mi
trngthm.
3. M HNH S 3D BI TON THM
3.1. C s ti liu ca m hnh
M hnh khu vc c xy dng trn c s
tng hp cc loi ti liu v s liu sau (Bi
VnTrng,2004,2009):
-Bnahnh,ahnhysng;tiliu
ovctngangsng;

KHOA HC K THUT THY LI V MI TRNG - S 51 (12/2015)

-TiliukhostCCT-CTVnn,ti
liukhostC,CTV,mitrngccn;
-SliuquantrcMNDnm1996,2003,
2004;
- S liu thu vn trm Nht To trn sng
HngvtrmNamnhtrnsngo;
- S liu kh tng (lng ma, bc hi,...)
catrmThiBnh,Namnh.
3.2. M hnh ha h thng
3.2.1. M hnh ha b mt a hnh
Hnh thi b mt a hnh bao gm b mt
y sng, bi sng, cng trnh ,... l yu t
quyt nh s tng tc gia mi trng nc
sng vimitrngacht(MTC)vcng

trnh. MH ha b mt a hnh, tc gi s
dng phn mm Surfer ca M s ho bn
ahnhnn,xydng bnbmtahnh
3Davomhnh.
3.2.2. M hnh ha cc lp t nn
Trncstiliuachtnn,cccng
trnh trn ,..., tin hnh lp h thng bn
ngyvbnngbdycclpt
mphngcclptnn.Ccbnnyng
thi cs dng cho tnhton,chnh lMH,
tnh ton xc nh gradien p lc thm (ALT)
cacclptnn.Mhnh3Dmphngkhu
vc phn lu ca sng Hng - sng o c
thhinhnh01.

Lp 1- St pha do mm; Lp 2- St pha kp ct, chy; Lp 3- Bn st pha xen kp ct;

Lp 4- Ct pha, chy; Lp 5 - Ct ht nh, cht va-xp; Lp 6: Bn st pha.

Hnh 1. M hnh 3D m phng h thng t nhin - k thut

khu vc phn lu ca sng trong mi trng 6 lp
3.2.3. Tnh thm, gi tr b cp v bc hi
m phng trng thm khu vc, t s
liuCTV,phntchquylutbinibdy
v tnh thm ca tng cha nc (TCN),
tin hnhphnvng vMH ha nh nc,
phn chia tnh thm v xy dng s phn
vnghsthmcatngchanc(hnh02).
Lngma,bchitnhtontrongMHc
xc nh theo s liu quan trc ca trm Thi
Bnh,Namnh.
3.2.4. iu kin bin ca m hnh
Tikhuvcphnlu,sngoctvoTCN,

cquanhthulctrctipviNDnnc
tlbinloiIII(binsngRiver).Binny
cxclptrncsquanhtngtcgia
mitrng nc sng viMTC v c xc
lp theo cc trng hp c th (hnh 03). Din
bin MN trn bin sng theo cc pha nc l
dngvrtcxcnhtheotiliuquantrc
ti 2 trm thu vn Nht To v Nam nh
(TrungtmkhtngthyvnQucgia,2008).
Trs sccn thmCca sng c xc nh
theocctiliukhostvnghinculpbn
ysng.

KHOA HC K THUT THY LI V MI TRNG - S 51 (12/2015)

69

3.2.5. iu kin mc nc ban u v h

thng l khoan quan trc
chnhlMH,mcnctithiimu
caphancldngngy20/7/2004cly

lmiukinbanu.Mnglilkhoanquan
trc c thit lp theo cc mt ct ngang .
Chuisliuquantrcnm2003&2004c
cpnhtvoMHsosnhviMNtnhton.

Hnh 2. S phn vng h s thm tng cha nc sau khi c m hnh ho

Hnh 3. S iu kin bin v li sai phn trong m hnh

3.3. Chnh l m hnh
Dng thm nc di t khu vc b chi
phi mnh bi ch thu vn ca sng, c
bitlkhiclv.Nm2004hthngsng
xut hin 3 tl. Bin iMN r nt nht t
ngy20/718/8/2004vi2phancldngv
2 pha l rt, do vy chn giai on ny
chnhlMH.ChuisliuquantrcMNtrong
malnm2003&2004lsliukimtra
khi gii bi ton chnh l khng n nh theo
ccbcthigian.
3.3.1. Kt qu bi ton chnh l n nh
Bi ton chnh l n nh nhm khi phc
70

lidinmocatrngthm,cthlbmt
mc nc p lc (MNAL) khu vc ti thi
im chnh l. Li gii ca bi ton tm c
bng PP gii lp. tin cy ca MH c
nh gi bi sai s trung bnh (ME), sai s
trung bnh tuyt i (MAE), sai s trung bnh
qunphng(RMS)vsaistrungbnhqun
phng tiu chun (NRMS). Kt qu bi ton
chnh l (bng 01 &hnh 04) xclp c
b mt MNAL cho m hnh thi im ngy
20/7/2004(hnh05).Ktqunyphhpvi
iukintnhinvktququantrcMNAL
nn.

KHOA HC K THUT THY LI V MI TRNG - S 51 (12/2015)

Bng 1. Kt qu tnh ton sai s mc nc

theo bi ton chnh l n nh

Hnh 4. Tng quan MN tnh ton

vi quan trc theo bi ton chnh l n nh

3.3.2. Kt qu chnh l khng n nh

Bi ton chnh l khng n nh xc lp
csphnbmcncplcnntheo
tngbcthigianca2phancldngv2
pha l rt. iu kin bin v cc thng s ca
MHcchnhlquatngbcthigian.
tin cy ca MH phnnh qua sai s v tng
quan gia ct cao MN trn MH vi MN quan
trc thc t ti cc l khoan cc thi im
nh l 1 (L1), chn l 1 (CL1), nh l 2
(L2), chn l 2 (CL2) c th hin bng
02,hnh06&hnh07.
Bng 2. Sai s MN theo kt qu bi ton
chnh l khng n nh

Hnh 5. Bn ng mc nc p lc
theo bi ton chnh l n nh.

Hnh 6. Tng quan MN tnh ton v quan trc

theo bi ton chnh l khng n nh

Thi
im

ME

MAE

RMS

NRMS

(m)

(m)

(m)

(%)

L1

0.002

0.009

0.010

0.36

CL1

0.002

0.009

0.009

0.89

L2

0.002

0.009

0.010

0.62

CL2

0.005

0.016

0.018

1.77

Hnh 7. Bin i MN tnh ton v quan trc

theo bi ton chnh l khng n nh

Kt quchnhltheobitonkhngnnh
chothysphhpviiukintnhinvkt
ququantrcMNALtheotngbcthigian.
pha nc l dng, dng thm ch yu vn ng

theo hng t pha sng votrong ng lm gia

tngplcnn(hnh08a).Mcgiatng
ph thuc vo MN tc dng phasng v thi
gian dng l. pha nc l rt dng thm pht

KHOA HC K THUT THY LI V MI TRNG - S 51 (12/2015)

71

trintheohai hng,mthngtphang ra phanghnhthnhccngphnthurtr

sngvmthngtiptcthmtphasngv nttrnbnngp(hnh08b).

a
b
Hnh 8. Bn ng mc nc p lc theo kt qu bi ton chnh l khng n nh
ti thi im nh l (a) v chn l (b)

3.4. Kt qu m hnh
trngthmnnticcthiimvv
Kt qu m hnh cho php xc nh tr khc nhau (hnh 09), t cho php gii
c mc nc p lc, cc thng s ca ccbitonthmchnhxcvhiuqu.

Hnh 9. Bn ng cao trnh mc nc p lc khu vc phn lu ca sng

ti thi im BI (a), BII (b), BBIII (c), L (d)

72

KHOA HC K THUT THY LI V MI TRNG - S 51 (12/2015)

4. D BO BIN DNG THM

thyrtnhuvit,chnhxcvtin
chcaMH,ktquMHcngdngchobi
tondbokhnngphtsinhbindngthm
(BDT)nn.
Bitondbocxydngvikchbn,
trn h thng sng xut hin t l c cng
sutvtnhchttngttllchsthng8
nm 1996. y l t l ln vi nhng c
trngnguyhimnht.Thigiandbobtu
t ngy 10/826/8/1996 gm 13 ngy l dng
v4ngylrtvicccpbongI(BI),
bongII(BII),...nhl(L),saunhl
2ngy(SL2)vsaunhl4ngy(SL4).
BDTxyrativtrcctncplcthc
t vt qu ctnc p lc cho phpca tng
phthmncyu.Dovy,dbokhnng
pht sinh BDT cn xc nh cao trnh MNAL
thctkhiclvMNALchophpticcv
trnn.
4.1. Xc nh p lc thm nn
Kt qu MH cho php xc nh c p lc
thmnntitngtiimncl.Phnb
plclnytngphcthhincthtrn
lot bn ng MNAL mc bo ng BI,

BII,BIIIvL(hnh09).
4.2. Xc nh mc nc p lc cho php
Trn c s kt qu th nghim xc nh ct
ncplcgiihncacclpttngphti
hin trng v s liu v cao b mt a
hnh,chiudycclpttngphxcnh
cctncplcgiihn,ctncplc
cho php (Bi Vn Trng, Phm Vn T,
2008) v cao trnh MNAL cho php (Hcf). T
kt qu ny, s dng PP ni suy Kriking bng
phnmmSurferlpcbnngcao
trnhMNALchophptikhuvc.
4.3. D bo phm vi pht sinh bin dng thm
Kt qu MH lp c h thng bn
ngcaotrnhMNALthct(Htt)ngvicc
thiiml(hnh09).Chpccbnnyvi
bnngcaotrnhMNALchophp(Hcf)d
dng xc nh c phm vi c nguy c pht
sinhBDTtheotngthiiml.
Phmvic nguy cpht sinh BDT ng vi
tng thi im l l phm vi c Htt mc l
xemxtlnhnHcf(hnh10).
TnghplotbndboBDTtheotng
mc l thnh lp c bn d bo BDT
choccmclkhuvcnghincu(hnh11).

Hnh 10. Bn d bo phm vi pht sinh BDT khu vc phn lu sng ti thi im nh l (L)
KHOA HC K THUT THY LI V MI TRNG - S 51 (12/2015)

73

g
n
gh
S n

o
S ng

Ch gii :
Sng
chnh
bi
Knh dn
Khu dn sinh
Phm vi pht sinh BDT
thi im BII, BIII, L, ...

Hnh 11. Bn d bo phm vi pht sinh BDT khu vc phn lu sng theo cc mc nc l

Tktqudbocthrtramtsnhn n nh cho chnh, ng thi khai thc

xtnhsau:
qu t vng bi sng c th nghin cu xy
-Cutrcnnnhhngrtlnnmc dngcctuynbingnlphangoi.
giatngvphnbALTdiven.Mc
- Mc nguy him v phm vi pht sinh
vphmvinhhngcthhinrtrn BDTphthucvocutrcnn,MNlv
MH v bn ng MNAL theo tng thi thi gian duy tr l. Kt qu d bo cho thy,
im, tng cp bo ng (hnh 09). Phn tch phmviphtsinhBDTcthphttrinnv
lotbnnychothy,nisngst,ALT trcchchn70-150mvphatrongng.
gia tng mnh, cng pha vi nc l, mc thi im sau nhl2-4 ngy, tnhhnh BDT
nguy him BDT rt cao; ni c bi sng pha vn c nguy c din ra rt nghim trng. Nu
ngoi,MNALgiatngchmphahnnhng tng ph b o khot, bc mng hn hoc b
nguycphtsinhBDTthiimsaunhl xmhi,BDTcthphtsinhmcnguy
cngrtnguyhim.
himvphmvirnghnsovidbo.
- Nhng ni c bi, c nh hng rt r
5. KT LUN
ivisvnngcadngthm.Khincl
- M hnh s 3D vi s h tr ca h phn
cha trn qua bi, dng thm ch yu vn mm Visual Modflow cho php gii chnh xc
ng theo phng ngang v nhn bi lm bi ton thm. M hnh ny cho php d bo,
binsng,ALTbinimnhdisongsong mphng cc GPXL t c thso snh, la
vi bi, nguy c pht sinh BDT trong chn phng n ti u, rt thun tin v chnh
chnhchacao.Saukhincltrnquabi, xc nhng ni c iu kin CCT-CTV,
dngthmxuynphttrinvngbigia iukinbinvchthyvnbiniphc
chnh v bi, bin sng c dch chuyn tpkhuvcphnlucasng,nhngon
vostchnh,ALTbinimnhdisong sngcong vnhngnisngchnhthibin
songvichnh.KhiBDTcnguycpht iphctp.
sinh pha trong chnh vi mc ln v
-Mhnhchophpxcnhtrngphnb,
nguyhimhn.Nhvy,nngcaokhnng biniALTtrongkhnggianvthigian.Kt
74

KHOA HC K THUT THY LI V MI TRNG - S 51 (12/2015)

qudbocxcnhtheophmvitrnmt
bnglbctranhrtcthvnguycphtsinh
BDTtheotnhtrngltrnsng,pngkpthi
chocngtcphngchngltvqunliu.
- D bo BDT theo cc mc l c ngha
thc t rtln,cho php xc nh phmvicn
cbo v ng vi tng mc lch ng
phng chng cc s c c th xy ra ngay c

trongtrnghplkhngcaovkhilbt
u rt. Kt qu d bo ph hp vi tnh tnh
BDT din ra trong thc t, l c s quan
trng xc nh phm vi c nguy c pht sinh
BDT (phm vinguyhim)t lp hnh lang
bo v ph hp, gip n v qun l v a
phng xy dng chin lc bo v theo
hngtrcmtvludi.

TI LIU THAM KHO

Trung tmkhtng thy vnQuc gia (2008),S liu quan trc thy vn trm Nht To, trm
Triu Dng, trm Nam nh,HNi.
BiVnTrng(2004),Nghin cu, nh gi kh nng n nh thm nn sng tnh Thi Bnh,
Bocotikhoahccptnh,ThiBnh.
BiVnTrng,PhmVnT(2008),Bin dng thm nn sng tnh Thi Bnh v mt s kt
qu nghin cu,Bocotuyntpcngtrnhkhoahc,HithokhoahctonqucTaibina
chtvgiiphpphngchng,HNi.
BiVnTrng,PhmVnT(2009),Nghin cu, d bo bin dng thm nn sng tnh Thi
Bnh bng phng php m hnh khng gian,TpchKhoahckthutM-acht,Trngi
hcM-acht,HNi.
BiVnTrng(2009),Nghin cu bin dng thm nn h du sng Hng a phn tnh Thi
Bnh v nh gi thc nghim cc gii php x l,Lunntinskthut,HNi.
BiVnTrng(2013),C ch ph hy thm nn h du sng Hng,Tpchakthut,s42013,HNi.
RaudkiviA.J.,CallanderR.A(1975),Analysis of groundwater,NewZealand.
Todd D.K. (1980), Groundwater hydrology, John Wiley & Sons, New York chichester Bribane
Toronto.
WaterlooHydrogeologic,Visual Modflow 4.2.0.151,Canada.

Abstract:
3D MODEL FOR SEEPAGE PROBLEM
RED RIVER REGION SHARE WITH DAO RIVER
This article presents method, simulation results of seepage problem Red river area share with Dao
river by 3D model number. The results of the model allows to identify the parameters of seepage
field at any time and any location in the region, is an important basis for the calculation, forecasts
and selection of handling, solutions ensure stability of the system of dykes, embankments and
buildings. The last part of the article presents the results of modeling applications the problem
arises risk prediction destruction seepage dyke foundation..
Keywords:3Dmodel,seepageproblem,shareofriverflow.

BBT nhn bi: 15/11/2015

Phn bin xong: 14/12/2015

KHOA HC K THUT THY LI V MI TRNG - S 51 (12/2015)

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