A-FUN, EFFICIENT WAY TO MASTER GRE® VOCABULARY 5 q F CONTEXTUAL VOCABULARY Ken Springer, Ph.D. Department of Teaching and Learning Southern Methodist University Dallas, Texas Research & Education Association Visit our website at: www.ted.comPlanet Friendly Publishing v Made in the United States | At REA we're committed to producing books in an ¥ Printed on Recycled Paper | Earth-friendly manner and to helping our customers GREEN Text: 10% Cover: 10% | make greener choices. EDITION , Learn more: www.greenedition.org Manufacturing books in the United States ensures compliance with strict environmental laws and eliminates the need for international freight shipping, ‘a major contributor to global air pollution. And printing on recycled paper helps minimize our consumption of trees, water and fossil fuels. This book was printed on paper made with 10% post-consumer waste. 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J12CONTENTS Letter to the Student. About the Autho: Overview: What This Book Is About... About Research & Education Association. REA Acknowledgments CHAPTER 1: Vocabulary Building 1: Exercises, Activities, Games Unit 1. Units 3 & 4 Units 5 & 6 Review: Unit 9 Unit 1 Review: Units 9 & 10...iv | Contents Unit 11. «Unit 12. Review: Units 11 & 1 Answer Key: Chapter 1 Unit 1 Unit 2 Review: Units 1 & 2 Units 7 & 8 Review: Units 9 & 10. Unit 11 Unit 1 Review: Units 11 & 12...... CHAPTER 2: Vocabulary Building 2: Exercises, Activities, Games Unit-L... Unit 2... Review: Units 1 & 2 Unit 3. Unit 4. Review: Units 3 & 4 Unit 5. Unit 6. Review: Units 5 & 6 Unit 7...Contents | Vv Unit 8. Review: Units 7 & 8 Unit 9.. Unit 10. Review: Units 9 & 10 Unit 11 Unit 12 Review: Units 11 & 12 Answer Key: Chapter 2 Unit 1. Unit 2. Review: Units 1 & 2 Unit 3.. Unit 4. Review: Units 3 & 4 Unit 5. Review: Units 7 & 8 Unit 9. Unit 1 Review: Units 9 & 10. Unit 11 Unit 1 Review: Units 11 & 12...... 265 CHAPTER 3: Vocabulary Building: Crossword Puzzles Crossword Puzzle #1 Crossword Puzzle #2 Crossword Puzzle #: Crossword Puzzle #4 Crossword Puzzle #. Answers to Crossword Puzzlesvi vi Contents CHAPTER 4: Vocabulary Building: Strategies and Resources CHAPTER 5: CHAPTER 6: Index of Key GRE Terms Crossword Puzzle #1 .. Crossword Puzzle #2 . Crossword Puzzle #3 .. Crossword Puzzle #4 .. Crossword Puzzle #5...... Expanding Your Vocabulary Horizons Grammatical Cues .... GRE Verbal Reasoning: A Quick Introduction Verbal Reasoning at a Glance. Examples of Question Types GRE Verbal Reasoning: Strategies for Success General Strategies... Reading comprehension Stategies . Text completion Strategies... Sentence equivalence Strategies .© alba Rowhte Bid jedag sah SLISILVSLVIND::3¥9 610'uajuazaIB os ‘ ° 2. ° a i] a 2 a N xs Q = 2 w 4 4 ; 2 Dear Student, Although anyone can benefit from learning the vocabulary introduced in this book, you have most likely chosen the book because you plan to take the GRE and attend graduate or business school. Congratulations on pursuing this next step in your academic career! As you know, performance on the GRE plays a critical role in the strength of applications to graduate and business programs. You may also know that be- ginning on August 1, 2011, the GRE General Test changed somewhat in form, content, and scoring. The test is now called the GRE revised General Test. With respect to vocabulary, the Verbal Reasoning section of the GRE revised General Test places greater emphasis on higher-level cognitive skills. From the test taker’s perspective, what this means is that the Verbal Reasoning section no longer contains questions that test vocabulary out of context. Ant- onyms and analogies have been dropped. As a result, all of the Verbal Rea- soning questions now pertain to sentences or passages. The revised Verbal Reasoning section is also distinctive in that it contains more reading comprehension questions, as well as new types of questions. All of these changes align the GRE revised General Test more closely with the academic expectations you will encounter in graduate or business school. The three types of questions you will find in the revised Verbal Reasoning sec- tion are Reading Comprehension, Text Completion, and Sentence Equivalence. Reading Comprehension questions appear in sets organized around pas- sages. Some of these questions require you to select one answer choice out of five multiple-choice options. Others require you to choose one, two, or three answer choices out of three provided. A third type of Reading Com- prehension question requires you to highlight a sentence in the passage that meets a certain description. Text Completion questions consist of passages that contain one to three blanks. ‘You are required to choose the word or words that best complete the passage. Sentence Equivalence questions consist of a single sentence that contains a blank. You are required to choose two words from a list of six that would pro- duce two sentences that are alike in meaning. viiDetailed descriptions of these questions, as well as specific examples, are provided on the ETS website at: www.ets.org/gre/revised_general/ about/content. Ken Springer, Ph.D. Department of Teaching and Learning Simmons School of Education and Human Development Southern Methodist University GBllela alba owPbe Blebbeldaq Bosak SLIFILYSELVIND:349D 610‘sa}Ua2aI6 e ABOUT THE AUTHOR Ev g Dr. Ken Springer is a professor of education at Simmons School of Education a and Human Development at Southern Methodist University. Dr. Springer is 7 active in both teaching and research, with more than 60 scientific publications x and presentations to his credit. Since 2010 he has authored or co-authored the q ‘ following books: Educational Research: A Contextual Approach and TExES: 4 4 Generalist EC-6. His recent work in English-language skill instruction in- @:: cludes co-authorship of REA’s CLEP College Composition Exams, published 3 i in 2011, Q4 2 2 ° 3¢ ia & NS ae o 4 6 3 viii‘4 8g 4 WS'LVIND::3uD 610'4a}ua2aIB 4 ° =. ° 8 x a 2 a XN x Q g 7 w ‘ 4 4 4 i i i Overview | ix OVERVIEW !) What This Book Is About This book is designed to improve your vocabulary. The focus is on the advanced vocabulary you will need for the GRE revised General Test. Hav- ing a well-developed vocabulary is useful in many settings and especially critical to successful performance on the GRE. In particular, the Verbal Rea- soning section relies heavily on an understanding of advanced vocabulary. The quality of your responses to the Analytical Writing prompts depends in part on your knowing vocabulary that allows you to express your ideas clearly. We use a contextual approach to teach new vocabulary. This ap- proach does not rely on conventional flash-card methods. Rather, new words are introduced in meaningful contexts—i.e., in passages, most of which con- sist of brief narratives. Numerous exercises, activities, and puzzles are then provided in order to reinforce your understanding of the new words. Through this approach, learning new words should be fun rather than just being lim- ited to the use of flash cards and drills. | Outline of the Book The book consists of six chapters: Chapters 1 and 2 provide context-based vocabulary instruction, along with exercises, activities, and games, Chapter 3 consists of challenging crossword puzzles that test your under- standing of what you learned in Chapters | and 2. Chapter 4 introduces strategies and resources you can use to build your vocabulary further. Chapter 5 presents a brief introduction to the GRE Verbal Reasoning section.WS"LVIND::3YuD 6104a}Ua2aI6 Geller alba Rowe bid jel4o Basel m mm 5 a Ba i 4 : | 3 ; a 4 4 i 2 Chapter 6 describes strategies that will help you do your best on the GRE Verbal Reasoning section. g Guide to the First Two Chapters Following is some information that will be helpful as you read Chapters 1 and 2—the chapters that provide instruction, and are the longest chapters in the book. Chapters 1 and 2 consist of 12 units apiece. Each unit begins with a story in which advanced vocabulary words are underlined. You will be asked to guess the meanings of these words, and the meanings will then be pro- vided. Next you will work through a series of exercises, activities, and games that reinforce and test your understanding of the new words. These exercises and so on consist of matching, fill-in-the-blanks, puzzles, and more. In Chapters | and 2, every third unit will consist of a review that pro- vides additional exercises, activities, and games that cover what you learned in the previous two units. Most of the review units will also introduce one or two new words. Answers to all of the exercises, activities, and games in the main units and review units are provided at the end of each chapter.ABOUT RESEARCH & EDUCATION ASSOCIATION GellcthO alba LOwhdte Bit jedag Bosak SLWSHLWIND:34D 610'sajua2asB 5 a Founded in 1959, Research & Education Association (REA) is dedicated to publishing the finest and most effective educational materials— including study guides and test preps—for students in middle school, high school, college, graduate school, and beyond. Today, REA’s wide-ranging catalog is a leading resource for teach- ers, students, and professionals. Visit www.rea.com to see a complete listing of all our titles. REA ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In addition to our authors, we would like to thank Pam Weston, Publisher, for setting the quality standards for production integrity and managing the publi- cation to completion; Larry B. Kling, Vice President, Editorial, for his over- all direction; Michael Reynolds, Managing Editor, for project management; Weymouth Design and Christine Saul, Senior Graphic Artist, for designing our cover; and S4Carlisle for typesetting this edition. ‘ : : d g 4 i 4 4 €-OV9ZLEBIZTO IED :: xi