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K.B.ABpaMOB

Ha14UOHaJlbHblU meXHUtJecKUU ynueepcumem "XIIlI", Xapuxoe, YKpauHa

The response surface is used to analyze the period doubling bifurcations under the condition of the two parameters change. The bifurcation analysis of piecewisenonlinear system is fulfilled with the help of the response surface under the condition of the frequency and the amplitude of the excitation change. Different codirnension two bifurcations were discovered in the piecewise-nonlinear system.

1 BBe,1J;eHHe H onacanne MeXaHHQeCKOii CHCTeMbI

B crarse HCrrOJIb3)'lOTC5I aJvlIUIIITY,ll;Hble rrOBepXHOCTH ,ll;IDI aaannsa 6mpYPKau;rr:H y,ll;BOeHlUI neprrozta B KYCO"lJHO- nenrraeiirroii CHCTeMe npn H3MeHeHHHH ,ll;Byx yrrpaansrorrmx rrapaxrerpon. B MeXaHHKe 6mpYPKaIJ;I1H y,ll;BOeHlUI rtepnozta "lJaCTO Hccrre,ll;YJOTC5I C rrOMOIIU>1O aMIIJIHTY,ll;HO-"lJaCTOTHbIX XapaKTepHCTHK (6mpYPKalO10HHbIX ,ll;HarpaMM) [1-4]. AlvlIIrrHTY,ll;Ha5I rroaepxnocrr, 5IBIDIeTC5I TpeXMepHbIM 0606rn:eHHeM aMIIJIHTy,ll;HO- "lJaCTOTHbIX XapaKTepHCTHK. B crarse rrperrraraerca "lJHCrreHHbIH: MeTO,ll; ,ll;IDI nocrpoenna aJvlIUIIITY,ll;HbIX rroBepXHOCTeH: KYCO"lJHO- HeJIHHeITHbIX CHCTeM. Bnaronaps HCrrOJIb30BaHHIO 3THX rronepxnocreit ynarrocs oonapy)Kfffh paarnrrrnae 6mpYPKaIJ;I1H KOpa3MepHOCTH ,ll;Ba B KYCO"lJHO-HemrneHHOH: CHCTeMe. 3TH 6mpYPKaIJ;I1H 06Pa30BaHbI B pe3YJIbTaTe COe,ll;HHeHlUI ,ll;Byx 6mpYPKaJ.01- OHHbIX JIHHH:H: yzteoerrns neprrozta H B pe3YJIbTaTe COe,ll;HHeHlUI 6mpYPKaJ.010HHOH:

JIHHH:H: yzmoenns nepnona H xacarenr.troii 6mpYPKaJ.010HHOH: ITHHHH.

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3aBHCHMOCThlO R(~ = s + csfl • HCrrOJIb3Y5I 06hI"lJHble 6e3pa3MepHble rrepevennsre [5,6], ypannemte ,ll;BH)KeHlUI CHCTeMhI 3aIIHIIIeM B BH,ll;e

w2 X + 2aw::t + H(x) = f sin(t);

x+c(x+1)2; x>-l;

H (x) = -1; - 21 - 1 < x < -1;

x + 21 + (-lr+l c( x + 21 + 1r;

(1)

x < -21-1

,

rzte OJ - "lJaCTOTa B03MYrn:aIOrn:ero B03,ll;eH:CTBH5I~ a -K03tP<pHJ.01eHT B5I3KOrO corrporrranemra; 2/t - paCCT05IHHe Mel.K,lly orpaHH"L£eHH5IMH. CHCTeMY (1) MO)KHO

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3

2 MeToJJ; aMnJIHTYJJ;HbIX noaepxnocrea

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aMIIJIHTY,ll;Hofi rroBepXHoCTII. Axrrmrrryarrsre nonepxrrocrn conepxar 6mpYPKau;HoHHble JIHHHH Y,ll;BOeHH5I rreprrona. B pe3YJIbTaTe 3TOfi 6mpYPKau;HH PO)K,ll;aIOTC5I rrpeztensmre IJ;HKJIbI Y,ll;BOeHHOro nepnozta, xoropsre B CBOIO ouepezts MOryr rrperepnenart. ztpyrne 6mpYPKau;HH. 01JeBH,ll;HO, 1JTO B,ll;OJIb JIHHJI:i1: Y,ll;BOeHH5I rtepnona COe,ll;I1JNIOTC5I TpII BH,ll;a IJ;HKrrOB: YCToWIIIBble IJ;HKJIbI nopsztxa N; 06paTHo ncycroii-nrauc IJ;HKJIbI roro )Ke rropsztsa II ycroirmasrc IJ;HKJIbI rropamca 2N. OTMeTHM, 1JTO YCTOWIIIBOCTb IJ;HKJIOB 2N oxono 6mpYPKaIJ;Hfi Y,ll;BOeHH5I rrepnona MO)KeT 6bITb zrpyroii [8]. Baom, JIHHJI:i1: xacarensrrux 6II<PYPKaIJ;Hfi YCTofirIIIBbIe IJ;HKJIbI rropsztrca N COe,ll;HH5IIOTC5I C narrpaanermo HeycTofirIIIBbIMH IJ;HKJIaMH roro )Ke rtopanxa. 3aMeTHM, 1JTO 6II<PYPKau;HoHHble JIHHHH COe,ll;HH5IIOTC5I B 6mpYPKau;HoHHbIX T01JKax KOpa3MepHOCTII ,ll;Ba [8,9,10l

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4

CHCTeMbI (1) . PeIIIeI-IJUI ypaenennn (1 ) rrpeacraamr B BH,lJ;e Yj (m,f ,YO! 'Y02 ,t);i = 1,2, rzte YOj - rranarrr.rrr.re COCT05IHIN CHCTeMbI. Torzra IJ;I1KJThI rropsztrca N Y,lJ;OBrreTBop5lEOT HeJIHHeii:H::bIM ypaBHeHIUIM:

Yj (m,f ,YO! 'Y02 ,2JrN) - yO! = OJ = 1,2.

(2)

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w(co, f, Ym, Y02) = det[a(Yl' Y2)/a( ) - EP] = 0,

/a(Ym,Yo2

(3)

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(com,fm)·

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BH,lJ;e:

aYl -1 aYl aYl

aYm aY02 ani

aY2 aY2 _laY2 .

ayOl aY02 ani

aw aw aw

(4)

aYOl aY02 ani

TaK KaK rrpnxretremre KOHeL£Ho-p33HOCTHbIX tPoPMYrr ,lJ;JI5I orrpeztenerrna

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XOPOIIIO H3BeCTHO, L£TO rrO,lJ;MaTpJII.J;a [a(Yl' Y2) / a(Yol' Y02)] 5IBJI5IeTC5I peIIIeHHeM CHCTeMbI ,lJ;HtPtPepeHIJ;rIarrbHbIX ypaBHeHHfi: B napnartnsx:

I-IJUI ypaeaeanii (8). cDYJIKIU1IO d? H / dy; rrpeztcraam« B cneztyromen BH,lJ;e:

5

!!_ [ a(Yl' Y2) ] = [V(t)][ a(Yl' Y2) ]. [a(Yl' Y2)] = E.

dt a(yOl' Y02) a(yOl' Y02) , a(yOl' Y02) t=O '

[V(t)j = [-2~/m _11m2 ~H"jdY2 J (5)

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CHCTe1vThI rrony-rarorcs ,ll;HtPtPepeHIJ;HpOBaHJIeM (1) rro 1t i. ITpe,ll;CTaBHM 3TH CHCTe1vThI B MaTpJIIIHOH QJopMe:

aYl aYl aYl aYl . .

d a af a af l2a 2H(Y2) 2fsln(t) Sln(t)J

_ co =[V(t)] co + 2 Yl + 3 3 2

dt aY2 aY2 aY2 aY2 co co 0 co oo·

aco af aco af

(6)

Pemenns ypasnemdi (6) C HYrreBbIMJI HaIfaJIbHbIMJI ycrrOBJI5IMJI rrpn t = 21!N 5IBIDIEOTC5[ 3rreMeHTaMJI rrO,ll;MaTpIIIJ;bI [P] H3 (4).

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aYl ---p

aY02 + det ayOl

aY2 aY2

---p

aYOlayov aY02 aYol aYova Y02

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O,u I

cncnyronnrii BIT)];:

gYl iJYl iJYl

d L);o,u%v q%v OmL);ov

dt iJY2 iJY2 iJY2

L);o,u%v q%v OmL);ov

v = 1,2.

(7)

gYl iJYl iJYl

= [V(t)] L);o,u%v q%v OmL);ov +

iJY2 iJY2 iJ Y2

L);o,u%v q%v OmL);ov

(8)

1 l- d2H 0/2 0/2 - d2H L);2 L);2 2a 0/1 + ~ dH L);2 - d2H L);2 L);2l

+ [92 dY22 L);ov %,u dy~ q L);ov L);ov [9 dY2 o/Ov dy: Om %v .

000

Ypaenenns (8) HMeIOT rryrrestre nanam.m.re ycnosns, PaCCMOTpHM xterozt perne-

6

(9)

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TvC V = 1 ,P2) - 3Ha1feI-IIUI t, orrpeztenarorrtrrecs H3 nennneibrax ypaancrrnii:

Y 2 ( r) = -1 ~ Y 2 (TJ = -1- 2 A.

TIpe,ll;CTaBJIIvI pemenns ypantretrrrii (8) B BJI,ll;e:

;j Yj = uCj) + vCj). ;j Yj = wCi) + pCj) . ;j Yj

;1,;1, uv ov> ;1";1, v v > ChJ;1,

UYojjUYoV '-J UYOv UYOv

(10)

(11)

d [VCI) p(1) /1)] [v(1) pCI) il)]

dt V~2~ ~2) ~2) = [Vet)] V~2~ ~2) ~2) +

jjV Pv s; jjV Pv Sv

l- q(Y2) iY2 iY2 - q(Y2) 0/2 0/2 2a iYI + ~ dH iY2 - q(Y2) 0/2 iY2 J (13 )

0/ %v o/Ojj o} if iYov o} %v m3 dY2 iYov m2 ChJ iYov

000

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10

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1. ABPaMOB K.B. .Benosurruea A.C. .Kapaoan B. H.06rraCTJI XaOTJIIIeCKJIX xone- 6aHJIfl: zmcxpermrx MeXaHWIeCKJIX CJICTeM C KYCOlfHO- JIJIHefl:HbIMJI yrrpyrmsn xapaKTepJICTJIKaMJI. ITpJIKrra,ll;Ha5I MeXaHJIKa T.30(5), 1994, C. 81-88. 2. ABPaMOB K.B. , Kapaoan B. H. Pe30HaHC rrpn XaOTJIIIeCKJIX Korre6aHJI5IX ,ll;JICKpeTHbIX ,ll;JIHaMJIIIecKJIX CJICTeM C KYCOlfHO- JIJIHefl:HbIMJI ynpyrroan xapaKTepJICTJIKaMJI. ITPJIKJIa,ll;Ha5I MeXaHHKa, T.33(7),1997,cTp. 84-88. 3. ABPaMOB K.B. .Kapafian B. H. Oco6eHHOCTJI Pa3BJITJI5I BbIHY)l()l;eHHbIX Korre6aHJIfl: nemraeiirrsrx CJIrrOBbIX rrepe,ll;alf. H3BeCTJI5I BY30B. Manrmtocrpoemte. - N 4-6, 1994, C. 3-8. 4. I'ynsren B.H., Ea)l{eHOB E.A., I' 03YJI5IK E .A. JI ,ll;p. Y CTOJIqJIBOCTb nepnoztrrrecxnx rrponeccon B nenrraeibrax CJICTeMax. -J1bBOB: BIIITI:a mxona, 1983. - 288 c. 5. Ea6rru;KrrH B.H. TeopJI5I BJI6poY,ll;apHbIX CJICTeM. - M: HaYKa, 1978, 352 c. 6. Shaw S.W., Hohnes P.J. A periodically forced piecewise linear oscillator 1. of Sound and Vibration. - 1983. - 1. p.129-155. 7. Kawakami H. Bifurcation of periodic response in forced dynamic nonlinear circuits: computation of bifurcation values of the system parameters. IEEE Transactions of Circuits and Systems. - 1984. - 3. - P. 212-227. 8. Guckenheirner 1., Hohnes P.J. Nonlinear oscillations, Dynamical Systems and Bifurcation of Vector Field- Springer-Verlag. - 1983. 9. Allam R., Mira C. "Crossroad area-dissymetrical spring area- symmetrical spring area" and "double crossroad area-double spring area" transitions. Int. 1. of Bifurcation and Chaos, 1993-3. - P. 429-435. 10. Mira C., Kawakami H., Allam R. The dovetail bifurcation structure and its qualitative changes. Int. 1. of Bifurcation and Chaos. - 1993. - 3. P. 903-919. 11. Ecnoxarrncn A.C. , Kapaoan B. H. ArrroPJITM perrrerrns HeJIJIHeHHOH KpaeBOH 3a,ll;alfJI ,ll;m oesnorosemrux ,ll;JItPtPepeHu;JIaJThHbIX ypasnemrii B 06rraCTJI MHOr03HalfHOCTJI. )I{ ypnarr BbIlfJICrr. MaT. JI MaT. QJJI3. - 1986. - 26. - N 7. - c. 1099-1102.12. Seydel R. Nonlinear computation. Int. 1. of Bifurcation

1 1

and Chaos. - 1997-7, P. 2105-2126.

IIocrYIIHnaB peztaonneraro 04.09.2001

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The stress-strain analysis of the disk of power flame magnetic system electrophysical plant was investigated by the finite element method with the object of receipt the nice calculation The flagrant solution was considered for the whole disk and more accurate solution was considered for defmition of concentration of stress in the region of the orifice under the sprig.

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13

ornepcrnti. B cnny J..01K.TIlfIIeCKOH CHlvIIvIeTpJIIIHOCTIT KOHCTp)lIClJ;l1lI IT ,n;eHCTB)lIIlJ1X HarpY30K paCC:MTpJIBaeTC5I ozma IfeTBepTa5I IfaCTb IIIDITbI, IIOKpbITa5I CeTKOH, coaepzamcit 1525 ysnon, na rpamntax I' 1 IT I' 2 - IIIapHHpHoe oIIHpaHHe, TO ecrr, u In = ° IT V I r z = 0, B ysnax 1,2,3 -ui =vi = 0; i= 1,3 (CM. pnc, 1).

B IIepBoM rrpIT6JIJI)KeHHH BJIJI5lHJIe ornepcrrrii paznryca R6 na H~C IIJIJITbI CBe,n;eHO K ,n;eHCTBJIIO cocpenorouerrrrsrx CHIT F. I' eOMeTpJIIIeCIG1e passrepu ,n;JI5I

CTaJIbHOH IIJIJITbI C MO,lJ;yrreM yrrpyrocrrr E = 2,1.105 MTIa IT K03<p<prr:u;rreHTOM Ilyaccona J.l = 0,23 rrpnnenemr B raonrrnc. CYMMapHa5I rrarpysxa B pa.n;ITaJIbHOM

rrarrpanrremm L Pi = 24 . 105 H; i = 1,8.

Rl R2 R3 ~ Rs R6 11 12 13
103,5 116 170 261 20 3,5 60 66 40 feOMeTpWIeCIG1e pasnepu ,n;eTaJIJI, CM

8

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1100 140 1:802201 250 r,C:M

PITc. 2. Pacnpenenenne pa.n;ITaJIbHbIX Harrp5l)KeHrrfi: B ceuennn E- E.

Ha prrc. 2 rrpnseneno pacrrpene.remre pannamrrsrx yrrpyrrrx Harrp5l)KeHrrfi: (j r B cenemnt E-E. AHaJIJI3 rtonyuemtux pe3YJIbTaTOB IIOKa3bIBaeT, If TO Harrp5l)KeHJI51 (j r 5IBJUllOTC5I 3HaKOilepeMeHHbIMJI, MaKCHMarrbHble paCT5ITJIBaIOIIlJ1e Harrp5l)KeHJI51 zrocrnrarorca B6JIJI3IT OTBepCTrrH ,n;ITCKa, 06rraCTIT C)KaTJI5I ,n;ITCKa COOTBeTcTByeT KOJIbu;eBOH YIfaCTOK IIIDITbI, pacnonoacemmii Me)K,lJ;y u;eHTpaJIbHbIM OTBepCTITeM IT OKp~OCTbIO, rrpoxoztsmeit xepea Y3JIbI rrpHITO)KeHJI51 BHeIIIHJIX HarpY30K. TIo OCIT aricrnrcc, KpOMe y-racrxos, rre)KaIIlJ1X B IIrrOCKOCTIT CeIfeHJI51 AB IT CD, IIOKa3aH y-racrox BC, COOTBeTCTB)'lOIIJJ1X IIOBepXHOCTIT OTBepCTJI5I IIO,n; rrpOBO,n;HJIIG1, caocozmoro OT HarpY3IG1. 3TIT OTBepCTJI5I TaK)Ke 5IBJUllOTC5I KOHIJ;eHTpaTOpaMJI Harrp5l)KeHrrfi:, B6JIJI3IT HJIX Ha6JIIO,n;aIOTC5I Harr60JIbIIIJIe paCT5ITJIBaIOIIlJ1e narrps)KeHJI5l. BeJIJI1fJIHa Harrp5l)KeHrrfi: B enetrenrax, pacrto.roxemnrx rra paCCT05IHJIJI R3 OT OCIT IIIDITbI B6rrIT3IT OTBepCTrrH, B 5-6 pas rrpensnnaror Harrp5l)KeHJI51 B ,n;pyrrrx

14

06rraCT5IX IUIIITbI II ,n;OCTI1TaIOT a; ~ 20 MITa.

C u;eJIbIO rrOBblIIIeHlUI TOLIHOCTI1 pacueros H~C B6JII13I1 IIITmpTOBbIX oraepcrrrit paztnyca R6 ztarree paccuarpnnanacs 1/16 LIaCTb ,n;I1CKa, na KOTOP)'lO rraxrraasrnanact HepaBHOMepHaJI cerxa co 3HaLII1TerrbHbIM cryrrtemrexr Me)K,lJ;Y oTBepcnNMI1, BKJIIOLIaIO:W:aJI 1264 yarra. ITPI1 peIIIeHI1I1 3a.n;aLII1 YLII1TbIBarrOCb, LITO

COcpe,n;OTOLIeHHaJI pa.n;I1aJIbHaJI cnna F = 3· 105 H pacnpeztenena rro KOHTYPY ornepcrna, B KOTOPOM 3aKpeIIIDIeTC5[ KJII1HOBOe YCTPOHCTBO, II narrpaanena rro HOPMaJIH K rroBepXHOCTI1 OTBepCTI15I pannyca R6.

Ha pI1C. 3 rrpneezteno pacrrpeztenenne pannansmrx (J r II TaIITeHu;I1arrbHbIX

(J e HarrpmKeHHfl: B,n;OJIb OKpY)KHOCTI1 IIITmpTOBOro OTBepCTI15I B 3aBI1CI1MOCTI1 OT yrna (CM. BbI,n;erreHHYIO oonacrr, na pnc, 1).

O"r ,(J"p Mna 270

180 90

o

-90

-180

-270

-360

o SO 60 90 120 O,rpB.ll

PI1C. 3. Pacnpeaenenne HarrpmKeHHfl: B,n;OJIb KOHTypa IIITmpTOBOro OTBepCTI15I.

33y- ~
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lh48 I H3 rro.ryuemrtrx pe3YJIbTaTOB cnenyer, LITO 06rraCTI1 pannansnoro C)lmTI15I COOTBeTcTByeT 1/6 LIaCTI1 oTBepCTI15I R6 (8 < 30°), a OCTaJIbHaJI orinacrr, I1CIIbITbIBaeT paCT5[lKeHI1e. ITPI1 3TO MaKCI1MaJIbHaJI BerrI1L£I1Ha panna.rsnoro narrpaacemcr npn ClKaTI1I1 II paCT5[lKeHI1I1 rrprrsreptro o,n;I1HaKOBa: -348:s; (J r :s; 336 MITa a ,n;OCTI1Ta-

eTC5[ MaKCHMYM rrpn 8 = 0° - ClKaTI1e, 8 = 90° - paCT5[lKeHI1e. Orinacri, B rrpoMeJKYTKe MeJK.n;y IIITmpTOBbIMI1 OTBepCTI15IMI1 5IBJI5IeTC5[ 30HOH C HaH60JIbilieH KOHu;eHTpau;I1eH narrpszsennii B rrJII1Te. MaKCI1MaJIbHble 3HaLIeHlUI Harrp5[lKeHHfl: ,n;OCTI1TaIOTC5[ na rpamruax oracpcrnii: -342:s; (J r :s; 336 MITa, -68:s; (J e :s; 71

MITa II rrpeBbIIIIaIOT COOTBeTCTB)'lOIIlJ1e Harrp5[lKeHlUI B rterrrpe rrpovexyrxa B 1,7 pasa.

Ilonysenmre pe3YJIbTaTbI rr03BOJI5IIOT cnenars BbIBO,n; 0 B03MO)KHOCTI1 B03HI1KHOBeHI15I (rrprr ,n;aHHOH TOITIIlJ1He ,n;I1CKa) 5IBrreHlUI TeK)1l._leCTI1 B 30He MeJK.n;y OTBepCTI15IMI1, TaK KaK K YKa3aHHbIM Bblilie Harrp5[lKeHI15IM errte 6y.lJYf ,n;06aBJI5ITbC5[ narrpmsenrer I13rn6a ,n;I1CKa CI1rraMI1, rreprreH,lJ;I1KYIT5IpHbIMI1 ero IIJIOCKOCTI1, HO 3TI1

15

Harrp5DKeIDUI na nopnaox MeHbIIIe (TaK KaK H3TII6aroIIlJ1e yCI1JIIUI na rrOPMOK MeHbIIIe ycJIJIIIfi: B rrrrOCKOCTH .n;HCKa).

IIocrYIIHnaB pe;n:KOJ1J1ermO 03.09.2001

Y~K 629.1l.012

UCCJIE)J;OBAHUE HAIIP.H'}I(EHU" U )J;Eq,OPMAQU" B COCTABHOM KOJIECE 3JIEKTPOBArOHA IIPU CEOPKE C UCIIOJIb30BAHUEM KOMEUHUPOBAHHOrO TEPMUqECKOrO CIIOCOEA

A.f .Anapees, B.H.HBaHOBa, H.J1.06opcIG1fi:, A.B.Il(eIIKHH HaLJUOHaJlbHbfU mexnuuecxuii yuueepcumem 'XII}!", Xapuxoe; Kueecxuii eocyoapcmeeunuu yuueepcumem meXHOJl02UU U OU3aUHa, YKpaUHa

On the basis of the available experimental data the systematic numerical research of one piece rolled railroad car wheel were made using technological heating by induction-heating devices which allowed the establishment of the laws of the stress-strain state of the wheel set elements, during its thermal assembly.

06beKTOM Hccrre.n;OB8Hl15I 5IBJUIeTC5I COCTaBHOe CIII-IIJ;eBOe xorreco snexrposarona rro.n;BH)Kf{OrO COCTaBa )Kerre3Ho.n;opO)Kf{oro rparrcrropra. Korreco (PHC. 1) BKmoLIaeT 6aH)J;a)K H uerrrp, xoropsre coe.n;IIINIOTC5I rrOCa)1;KOH C HaT5IrOM 1,0 - 1,4 MM. IT epBoHaLIaJIbHO cornacno TeXHIfIIecKoH .n;oKYMeHTau;HH rrpeztnonaranocs HCrrOJIb30BaTb HaT5Ir B mrrepaane 0,5 - 1,4 MM. O.n;HaKO rrpouecc 3KcrrrryaTau;HH rtosasan HH3K)W CTaTHLIecR)'IO H axcnrryarartnomryro rrpOLIHOCTb coezmnenrra, LITO rrpnseno K Heo6xo.n;HMOCTH YBeJIHL£eIDUI MHHHMaJIbHOrO 3HaLIeIDUI HaT5Ira. O.n;HaKO H B 3TOM cnyuae rrpn pe3KHX H .n;JIHTeJIbHbIX cnnnrax rrpn TpOraHHH rtoeszta, rrpn rtepexozrax rro CTpeJIKax H, ocooetrno LIaCTO, rrpn TOpMO)KeHHH Ha6mo.n;aJIHCb crryuan cnmrra 6aH)1;a)Ka OTHOCHTeJIbHO rterrrpa, LITO MO)KeT rrpHBeCTH K anaprriinoi] crrryamrrr.

IT03TOMj' aKTj'aJIbHbIM 5IBJUIeTC5I paapaoorxa Mep .n;JUI 06ecrreLIeIDUI BbICOKHX 3KcrrrryaTau;HoHHbIX XapaKTepHCTHK xoneca, TaKHX KaK Mo.n;epHH3au;H5I ero KOHCTPYKI.J;HH, paspaoorxa 60rree rrporpeccnanoti TeXHOrrOTIIH rPOPMHpOB8Hl15I rrOCa)1;OK C HaT5IrOM C HCrrOJIb30BaHHeM KOM6HHHpOBaHHOrO TepMHLIeCKOrO crroco6a C narpenon 6aH)J;a)Ka H HH3KOTeMIIeparypHbIM oxna)K)J;eHHeM uerrrpa B cpezte )KH)J;KOrO a30Ta. Crreztyer OTMeTHTb, LITO B nrrreparype OTCyrCTByroT ztarrrrsre 0 narrpzeennc-nedopxmpoaannon COCT05IHHH COCTaBHOrO xoneca, LITO rpeoyer BOCrrOJIHeIDUI cyrnecreyrornero rrpo6erra.

B KaLIeCTBe MeTo.n;a pacuernoro Hccrre.n;OB8Hl15I narrpaxermo-ztedoprerrpoBaHHOrO COCT05IHH5I 3rreMeHTOB xoneca rrpHH5IT MK3 [1] C HCrrOJIb30BaHHeM rtporpaxrmroro KOMIIJIeKCa COSMOS. EbIJIH C03.n;aHbI pac-terrrue KOHeLIH03rreMeH-

16

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PITC. 1. Baromroe CI1I1ll;eBOe xorreco

PITC. 2. Pa36ITeHIIe .n;eTaJIH na K3.

17

THbIe MO,lJ;eillI: xonecnoro uenrpa, 6aH,lJ;alKa H xoneca B coope (PHC. 2, raon. 1). ITpHMeHeH rrpH3MaTWIecKIifl: naonapanerprorecrorit K3 C BOCe:MbIO Y3rraMH. ITPH 3TOM yrIHTbIBamICb U;HKJIWIeCKa5I CHMMeTpWIHOcTb zterarrrr B OKpYiKHOM trarrpasnemrrr.

Taonnna 1. XapaKTepHCTHKH KOHe"L£H03rreMeHTHbIX MO,lJ;errefi

THII MO,lJ;eillI qHcrro yanos qHcrro K3 Ilonosmra Paaxrep MaTpHu;bI
IIIHpHHbI nenrtr lKeCTKOCTH, "L£HCerr
EaH,lJ;alK 1397 1050 891 1,28 MITH.
Konecasrii nerrrp 3814 3000 1095 3,81 MITH.
Korreco B coope 5068 4050 1223 5,76 MITH. Taonnua 2. )::(aHHbIe 0 pacrrpeztenenmt rexrrreparyp B KorreCHOM uenrpe npn ero oxnaxnenmr, HCrrOJIb30BaHHbIe B pac-rerax, rpan. C

MOMeHT N repvorrapst
BpeMeHH 8 6 5 4 3 2 1
30 c. -10 -16 -35 -45 -40 -105 -16 5
, ,
120 c. -90 -70 -110 -120 -115 -60 -80
300 c. - -120 -195 -195 -185 -125 -145 O:e,Mna; T = ~ 20 c.

PHC. 3. Pacnpenenenne 3KBHBarreHTHbIX narrpsacemrii (J e B KorreCHOM uenrpe B Ce"L£eHHH C rrpn ero oxrrazotemrn ,lJ;JI5I C60pKH.

18

XapaKTepHCTI1Kl1 MaTepHaJIa: K03cpQ:1IIIJ;HeHT Ilyaccona v = 0,3; MO.nyJTh TH E = 2,1 ·10 5 MITa~ K03CPCPIIIJ;HeHT mmeiinoro paCIIIIIpeHIDI a = 11 . 10 -6 rpao -1.

Ha pHC. 1 u;rICPPaMH I,II,III H 1,2,3,4,5,6,8 0603Ha-qeHbI repxrorrapsr.

HCXOM H3 HMeIOIIlJ1XC5[ ztanrrsrx, revrreparyprroe rrorre B ,ll;eTaJIH C rrOMOIIlPIO cncnnanr.noii rrporpaxorsr aanananoct B BH)J;e 4 rpaQJHKoB:

- BHYTpH ,ll;eTaJIH B ceuennn A (CM. pHC. 1)~

- Ha rrOBepXHOCTH B ce-qeHHH A;

- BHYTpH zterarnr B ce-qeHH5IX B HJIH B' ~

- na rrOBepXHOCTH B cenemm B HJIH B'.

B rrponezsyro-mux 06rracT5IX rexmeparypa H3MeH5IJIaCb rro JIHHeiiHoMY 3aKOHY. B raon, 2 rrprraenenu 3KCrrepHMeHTaJIbHbIe ztannsre 0 pacnpeztenemm TeMIIepaTYP, HCrrOJTh30BaHHble B pac-rere. BpeM5I oxrrazctenns xorrecnoro uerrrpa COCTaBJI5IJIO 300 C.; O,ll;HOBpeMeHHo rrpOBO,ll;HJIC5[ rrarpen 6aH,ll;a)Ka.

Ha pHC. 3 rrOKa3aHO pacrrpeztenenne 3KBHBaJIeHTHbIX Harrp5[)KeHHii G e B

KorreCHOM uenrpe B ce-rerrmt C (CM. pHC. 1) rrpn ero oxnazoterrrrn ,ll;JI5I C60PKH xoneca B MOMeHTbI BpeMeHH 30, 120 H 300 ceKYH,LJ;~ B rarirr. 3 rrpanenerrst ,ll;aHHbIe o MaKCHMaJIbHbIX Harrp5[)KeHH5IX B zterann, KaK rrOKa3aJIH pe3YJThTaTbI pacnera, HaH60JThIillIe Harrp5[)KeHIDI Ha6JIIO,ll;aIOTC5[ B zterann B MOMeHT OKOH"l£aHH5I oxnazc,ll;eHIDI B 300 C. ITPH 3TOM Pa,LJ;HaJIbHble Harrp5[)KeHIDI G r H3MeH5IIOTC5[ OT -25 Mrra

BO BHYTpeHHe:H -qaCTH cryrnnur zto 65,3 Mrra B rarrrenn rrepexo.ta OT CIIHu;bI K cTYIIHIJ;e. OKpY)KHbIe Harrp5[)KeHIDI G e H3MeH5IIOTC5[ B HHTepBaJIe OT -85 Mrra B

ooone zto 315 Mrra B raJITeJIHH rrepexozta OT CIIHu;bI K cryrtmte. TaM )Ke MaKCHMaJIbHOrO 3Ha-qeHIDI B 279 Mrra ,ll;OCTHraIOT 3KBHBaJIeHTHble Harrp5[)KeHIDI G e .

O:e. Mna; T =5 MIL1H.

<J:e• Mna.; T = 7 MIL1H.

o v

PHC. 4. Pacrrpenenemre 3KBHBarreHTHbIX Harrp5[)KeHHii G e B rconece B ceneamr C B MOMeHTbI BpeMeHH 5 H 7 MHH. rrocrre C60pKH.

19

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coe,ll;JIHemreM ero 1JaCTeJI lIOCa,ll;KOJI C HaT5IrOM, nocne BhIpaBHHBaHJI5I rexrrreparyp

B ,ll;eTaJIJI.

ITocrre oxna/K,ll;eHJI5I xonecnoro nerrrpa JI narpesa 6aH,ll;a/Ka rrpOJI3BO,ll;HITaCh coopxa xoneca. B raorr. 4 npnnenerrsr ztarrrrsre 0 pacrrpeztenenrm rexrrteparyp B xonece rtocne ero c6oPKJI, JIClIOJIh30BaHHhIe B pacnere, B 5 JI 7 MITR. C MOMeHTa c6oPKJI. B pac-rerax rrpenrronaranocs, 1JTO 6aH,ll;a/K KOHTaKTHpyeT C xo.recrrsnr u;eHTpOM lIO Bcefi: lIoBepXHOCTJI Coe,ll;JIHeHJI5I, a TaK/Ke orcyrcrsne CHIT TpeHJI5I B Coe,ll;JIHeHJIJI.

Ha pnc. 4 lIOKa3aHO pacrrpenenenne 3KBJIBarreHTHhIX Harrp5I/Kemrft a e B

xonece B ce1JeHJIJI C nocne c60PKJI B MOMeHThI BpeMemr 5 JI 7 MITR.; B raon. 5 rrpnaeaerrsr namnre 0 MaKCHMaJIhHhIX Harrp5I/KeIDI5IX B ,ll;eTaJIJI. KaK BJI,ll;HO JI3

20

rro.ry-rernurx ,n;3.HHbIX, MaKCHIvlaJThHble pannam.nue narrpnxenrcr (J r B xonece B rrpouecce tPOPMHpOBaIDUI HaT5ITa Ha6mo,n;aIOTC5I B rarrrenn nepexozta ooona K cnnne; MaKCHIvlaJThHble oxpyaorue narrpaxemer (J e - B KOrreCHOM uenrpe B 30He

KOHTaKTa C 060,n;OM; MaKCHIvlaJThHble 3KBHBaJIeHTHble Harrp5IlKemur (J e - B 060HX yrrorenryrux BhlIIIe -qaCT5IX uenrpa,

Ta6JIHu;a 3. Maxcrrvam.true Harrp5IlKemur B KorreCHOM uerrrpe B rtpouecce oxnaxztenns, Mila

MOMeHT THII na- Koopnnnarsr 3Ha-qeHHe,
BpeMeHH rrp5IlKemur R,MM B, rpan. Z,MM Mila
30 c. (Jr 180 343,65 86 34,6
(Je 184,7 343,65 131 153,3
(Je 184,5 343,63 96 134,8
120 c. (Jr 419,9 358,64 75 48,4
(Je 184,7 343,65 131 192,5
(Je 184,5 343,63 96 170,7
300 c. (Jr 180 343,65 86 65,3
(Je 184,7 343,65 131 315,0
(Je 184,5 343,63 96 279,0 Ta6JIHu;a 4. ~aHHble 0 pacrrpeztenenrrn resaneparyp B ,n;eTaJIH npn ee coopxe, HCrrOJTh30B3.HHble B pac-rerax, rpazt. C

MOMeHT N repvonapsr
BpeMeHH 8 5 4 3 2 III II I
5MHH. -148 -141 -120 -25 22 82 98 118
7MHH. -133 -126 -105 0 9 25 38 52 Ta6JIHu;a 5. Maxcroransnsre narrpazcenrcr B ,n;eTaJIH B rrpouecce C60PKH, Mila

MOMeHT THII na- Koopnnnarsr 3Ha-qeHHe,
BpeMeHH rrp5IlKemur R,MM B, rpan. Z,MM Mila
5MHH. (Jr 359,8 356,1 102,0 298,0
(Je 450,0 343,65 157,0 -372,7
(Je 450,0 343,65 157,0 380,2
7MHH. (Jr 370,0 355,82 88,0 117,5
(Je 450,0 343,65 75,0 -297,0
(Je 394,6 349,91 134,5 280,9 21

°e,Mna

(j~,Mlna

PIIC. 6. Pacrrpeztenemre trarrpsrxemrii B xonece B ceqeHJIJI C, ooycnosncaaoc

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coennnennen ero qaCTeIl nocaaxon C HaT5ITOM, rrocrre BblpaBHHBamrn rexmeparyp

B ,n; er arm .

Ha pnc. 5 rrOKa3aHO pacrrpeztenenne panna.tsrrax (J r > OKpy)KJ{bIX (J 8 II 3KBJlBarreHTHbIX (J e Harrp5DKeHJIi:i: B xonece B ceqeHJIJI A rrocrre ero C60PKH, ooycnonnennoe coezntaennesr ero -racreri nocamcoii C HaT5ITOM~ na pnc. 6 ,n;aHbI re )Ke Harrp5l)Kemrn B ceqeHJIJI C~ na pnc, 7 ,n;aHbI rc )Ke rtartpaxenna B ceqeHJIJI B II BJI)1; rro CTpeJIKe D~ B rarin. 6 rrprmezterru ,n;aHHble 0 MaKCHMarrbHbIX Harrp5l)KeHJI5IX B zterann. Ha prrc. 8 noxasana cxexra ,n;eQ_JopMau;rII1 xoneca, ooycnoancaaan

~ ~

coeznmennen ero nacren nocaaxon C HaT5ITOM.

Paztrram.m.re C)KJIMaIOIIlJ1e narrproxenrer (J r B 30He KOHTaKTa COCTaBJUIIOT

20 - 120 Mrra, MaKCHMarrbHOrO 3Haqemrn -314,4 Mila ,n;OCTHraIOT rra rroaepxnocrn crrmtst. OKpY)KJ{ble Harrp5l)Kemrn (J 8 B 6aH,ll;a)Ke MaKCIIMaJIbHbI B rrpOMe)KJTKe

Me)K)J;y CIlliI..J;aMJI (258,3 Mila); B KorreCHOM nerrrpe - B 30He 60JIbiliOrO 6ypTJlKa (- 226,8 Mila). 3KBJlBarreHTHble Harrp5l)Kemrn (J e B 30He KOHTaKTa zterarreii

COCTaBJUIIOT B 6aH,ll;a)Ke 200 - 250 Mrra, rrpnvexr HaIl60JIbIIIee 3HaqeHHe ,n;OCTHraeTC5I B rrposressynce Me)K)J;y CIlliI..J;aMJI (252,4 Mila). B KorreCHOM uenrpe MaKCHMaJIbHa5I KOHu;eHTpau;H51 Harrp5l)KeHJIi:i: naomozraerca rra 60KOBOn: rtonepxrrocrn B cpezmeit qaCTII crrmrsr (304,7 Mila) II B 30He 60JIbiliOrO 6ypTJlKa.

22

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I

\

,

\ ,

o o:::t

PHC. 7. Pacrtpenenemre Harrp5DKeHJ-I:ft B xonece B Ce1feHHH B H BH)1; HX rro CTpeJIKe D, oriycrronrretrrrr.rii coenmremrei« 1faCTeH xoneca rrOCa)1;KOH C HaT5ITOM, rrocrre BbIpaBHHBaHH5I revrteparyp B .n;eTaJIH.

Cornacno rrpoaeztemrun pacueraxr, HaH60JThIillIe narrpscsenrer Ha6rno.n;aIOTC5I B rtepexoznurx 1faCT5IX crrmnr K ooozry H cT)'III1IJ;e coopamroro ocrumrtero xoneca H B rrpouecce CXBaThIBaHH5I xoneca B MOMeHT BpeMeHlI 5 MHHYT. B rrpouecce C60PKH B OT.n;eJThHbIX T01fKax .n;eTaJIH narrpmsenrer .n;OCTHraIOT 3Ha1feHHH, 6JIH3KHX K rrp01fHOCTHbIM XapaKTepHCTHKaM, 1fTO rpeoyer rrpoaeztenna orrepannii C60p01fHOrO rtpouecca 6e3 pe3KHX ynapmrx HarpY30K.

23

Taormua 6. MaKCHIvIaJIhHble Harrp5DKeHlUI B C06paHHOH zrerann, Mila

TlTII K OOP));I1IIaThI 3HalfeHI1e,
Harrp5I)KeHlUI R, MIvI @, rpazt. Z,MM Mila
6aH)1;a)K
Cir 450,0 0 81,8 -800
,
Cie 441,8 343,34 158,0 258,3
Cie 450,0 343,65 150,2 252,4
xonecrrsrii IJ;eHTp
Cir 359,8 356,18 88,0 -314,4
Cie 184,7 343,65 131,0 -226,8
Cie 359,8 356,18 88,0 304,7 11"'---='--_··''''- --.,

j I

I I ~d

! I

. ,

I l

, I

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1I ..... ""=._. ="""'.~_ ~---"b"I~~~

I I I I I I I I I I

~--..,---- ... -'I

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!

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PI1C. 8. Cxexra ));e¢OpMaIJ;I1I1 xoneca, ooycnosnemtas coe));I1HeHI1eM ero -racreii IIOCa));KOI1 C HaT5IrOM, nocne BhlpaBHI1BaHI15I rexnteparyp.

TaKI1M 06Pa30M, MO)KHO KOHCTaTHpoBaTh, -rro I1CIIOJIh30BaHHe HI13KOTeMIIepaTypHoro oxnaxzternra IJ;eHTpa B cpezte )KI1)1;KOrO a30Ta He OKa3hIBaeT Bpe));HOrO B03));eHCTBI15I rra MaTepI1arr II KOHCTP)'KUIllO IIOCrre));HerO II MO)KeT peKOMeH)1;OBaHO ));JI5I IIpHIvIeHeHlUI B TeXHOrrOrHI1 KOM6I1HI1pOBaHHOH TepMI11feCKOH C60pKH.

Jlnrep a lYP a

1. 06pa3IJ;OB H.eD., Caeenses JIM., Xa3aHOB X.C. Meron KOHelfHbIX 3rreMeHTOB B aazraxax CTpOmeJIhHOH MeXaHI1KH nerarem.nux armaparon. - M., BhICIIIa5I mxona, 1985. - 392 c.

IIOCTY"HJIaB pe,[lKOJUlennO 04.09.2001

24

Y~K 534.1

PACqET KOJIEIiAHHH H PECYPCA TPYIiOTIPOBO.IJ;A MACJIOCHCTEMbI r A3o TIEPEKAqHBAIOIIJ;Er0 ArPEr ATA

A.E. Benonepxoncrorit, B.A. )KOB.n;aK, B.A. J1eBaIIIOB, A.H. Tpyoaea Hauuouansnuii meXHUt.feCKUU yuueepcumem ''XIlH'', Xapexoe, OAO "CYMcKoe HIlO UM. tfJpyme", CYMbt, YKpaUHa

The average time before fracture due to fatigue damage accumulation in spatial piping systems under kinematical excitation is determined. It is supposed that all supports of the piping system subjected to the identical acceleration modeling stationary random process. The solution of this problem is based on the [mite element method and the spectral method. The computer program for IBM PC on the basis of this algorithm has been developed.

1. Beenenae

PaCCMaTpHBaeTC5I sanana orrpeztenemer cpezmero npenean .n;o paspynrenna (CBP) ncnencrnne naxorrrrerraa YCTarrOCTJIbIX rroBpe)K)J;eHIIfi B rrpOCTpaHCTBeHHbIX Tpy60rrpOBO.n;HbIX cncrexrax rrpn KHHeMaTHL£eCKOM B03.n;eHcTBHH, xoropoe Mo.n;elIHpyeTC5I CTaIJ;rIOHapHbIM CrryL£aHHbIM rrponeccoxr. TIp eztrtonaraerca, L£TO BJllI5IIDIe rrOTOKa rpancrtoprrrpyesron cpeznr na .n;HHaMHL£eCKHe XapaKTepHCTHKH CHCTeMbI Hecym:eCTBeHHO.

Onemca pecypca rrpOBO.n;HTC5I na OCHOBe rHIIOTe3bI JIHHeHHOrO C)'M11IIpO-

~ ~

BaHH5I YCTarrOCTHbIX rrOBpe)K)J;eHHH C HCrrOJIb30BamreM reoprrn CrryL£aHHbIX

tPym<IJ;Irii. 3a.n;aL£a peIIIaeTC5I na OCHOBe MeTo.n;a KOHeL£HbIX 3rreMeHTOB B QJopMe nepenernernrii. B KaL£eCTBe KOHeL£Horo aneuerrra HCrrOJIb3yeTC5I rrp5IMOJIHHeHHDIH crepxerrs KOJIbu;eBOrO rtortepexnoro ce-remrs C H3BeCTHbIMH KOHeL£HO-3rreMeHTHbIMH COOTHOIIIeIDI5IMH. Ypamremre .n;BH)Kemrn KOHeL£HO-3rreMeHTHOH Mo.n;eJIH KOHCTpYKIJ;HH HMeeT BH)1; [1]:

lvfY +RY +KY =p(t),

(1)

rzte M, R, K - MaTpHu;bI HHepu;HH, .n;eMIItPHpOBaHH5I H )KeCTKOCTH KOHCTP)!KlU1lI COOTBeTCTBeHHO; Y - BeKTOp ysnonoro nepeuememra. ECJIH nee orropu Tpy60- rrponozta HCIIbITbIBaIOT O.n;HHaKOBOe ycxopetrne, TO BeKTOp BHeIIIHeH narpysxn P(t) orrpenenaerca rro tPoP:MYrre

p(t) = -MNYo (t) ,

(2)

rzte N - BeKTOp, Co.n;ep)Ka:rn:nH narrpannsroume KOCHHYCbI rrepenenrenrdi orrop B oomeii CHCTeMe xoopzmnar; Yo (t) - ycxopenne orrop C H3BeCTHbIMH Bep05ITHO-

CTHbIMH XapaKTepHCTHKaMH.

25

2. MeTO,lJ; peurenna

2.1 Onpenenenne BepOHTHOCTHbIX xapatcrepncrmc nepenemenaii CUCTeMbI ~JUI crarmonapnoit Crryqafi:HOH tPYJOO-OTII fo(t) RCITOJTh3yeM HeKaHOHJI1IeCKOe

pa3JIO)KeHHe B BH,ll;e HeJIHHeHHOH tPYJOO-OTII rpex crry-raiiasrx BeillfIIHH C, A, cp [2]:

Yo (t ) = C cos( At + cp) . (3)

Y CTaHOBHBIIIeeC5I nepexrenrenne CRCTe:MbI rrpeztcrasmr B BH,ll;e PMa ITO tPOPMaM coocmemrsrx KOJIe6aHHfi::

s b

yet) = L _I DI cos(wt + cp - 81 )QI ' (4)

1=1 ml

rzte Q i - BeKTOp i -OH co6CTBeHHOH tPOP:MbI, a K03wqm:UHeHTbI D I' m I' 81, b i' Q T M orrpe)J;eIDIlOTC5I ITO tPoPMYJIaM (5), (6) COOTBeTCTBeHHO.

{ 2r·w :

81 = arct 1 ;

2 W 2

PI -

D = c .

1 ~( 2 2)2 2 2'

Pi - W + 4rl w

mi = QTMQ;

(5)

hi = (t,Fu r + (t,Fry r +(*,F~ r

QT M = {F1X' Fly, F1z' (/:;\x'·· .,Fsz, 0sx, 0sy, 0sz}.

3)J;ecb S - lfRCJIO tP0PM coocreemrsrx KOJIe6aHHfi:; Pi - co6CTBeHHa5I lfacTOTa; r, - K03tPtPHIJ;HeHT B5I3KOrO TpeHH5I.

(6)

2.2 Onpenenenae BepOHTHOCTHbIX xapaKTepUCTUK HanpHmeHHOI'O COCTOHHUH CUCTeMbI

PaCCMOIpHM oT)J;eJThHbIH k- H KOHelfHbIH 3JIeMeHT rpyoorrpoaoaa, orpamrrcnnuii y3JIaMH C HOMepaMH j R n (PRC. 1).

PRC. 1. KOHelfHbIH 3JIeMeHT rpyoonpoeona.

26

Crrcrevy KOOp,LJ;IlHaT _XYZ, CB5I3aHH)'ID C rrpO,lJ;OJIhHOM OChIO enexreirra, Ha30BeM MeCTHOM, a cncrexry KOOp,lJ;HHaT X'Y'Z I, B KOTOPOM orrpe,lJ;eJI5lIOTC5I MeCTOrrOrrOJKeHH51 Y3rrOB, Ha30BeM 06meM. Bexrop nepexremenrrii k-ro aneverrra B MeCTHOM CITCTeMe KOOp,lJ;HHaT C ynerosr (5) ITMeeT BH,lJ;:

X ~ hi D ( 8 ){qjl}

k = ~- i cos rut + cP- I '

1=1 ml qnl

(7)

rzte qji, qnj - BeKTOphI tPopMj-ro IT n-ro Y3rrOB B MeCTHOM CITCTeMe KOOp,lJ;HHaT. ORIT HMeIOT CTPYKTYPY, rrpeztcraanemryro cnezryronrcii tPop:rvryrrOM

ql~ = {UJi' vtl' WJi,8Xii,8Yii,8Zii},(l= j,n), (8)

rzte U 11 ' vii' w1I - OTHOCmeJIhHhIe aMIUllITY,lJ;hI JIHHeHHhIX nepenemennn B

rrarrpannemm oceii X,1',Z,

COOTBeTCTBeHHO;

OTHOCmeJIhHhIe

aMIIJImY,lJ;hI yrrron rtosopora noxpyr 3TJIX oceii,

B 06meM crry-rae anexrerrr CITCTeMhI ITCIIhIThIBaeT ,lJ;etPopMaIJ;HI1 paCT5IJKeHH51- CJKaTH5I, IT3rn6a B zreyx rrrrOCKOCT5IX IT KpyqeHH51. TIPHHHMa5I rnnoresy nnocxnx ce"L£eHJIi1:, rronaraexr, "L£TO rrpn ztetpopxrarmsx paCT5IJKeHH51-CJKaTH5I (J = (J = 0 ;

y Z

rrpn IT3rn6ax '[ = r = 0 . I1crrOJIh3Y5I <pIT3JI"L[eCKHe IT reOMeTpJI"L[eCKHe ypaBHeHH51

yx zx

reoprrn ynpyrocrrr, MaKCHMaJIhHhIe Harrp5lJKeHH51 na HapYJKHOM rcorrrype

noneperaoro ce"L£eHH51 enesrerrra MOJKHO 3arrJICaTh B BH,lJ;e

cr = E!8Ui + R (aZV; JZ + (aZwl lzl

i l ax axz axz) J

(9)

'[ = ORa

i i

rae (J. - HOpMaJIhHOe narrpmsenne; E - MO,lJ;yJIh yrrpyrocrn xrarepna.ra; R -

i

HapYJKHhIM paznryc Tpy6KH; U; ~, ~ - tP)'HKIJ;illI rrepenememrii, COOTBeTCTBYIOIIJ:He i-roii <popMe B,lJ;OJIh oceii X, 1', Z - coornercraemro; r . - nomroe xacarent.rroe

i

narrprrxemre; G - MO,lJ;yJIh cnnnra; o.. - yron 3aKpYTKH.

i

OKOH"L£aTeJIhHO C y-rerov (3), (4) rro.ryuaeu COOTHOrneHH51 (10), (11):

EAbD·

Cfl= IIICOS(}..t+cp-8J; (10)

ml

GRabD

'[ i = iii cos(}..! + cP - 8 J '

ml

rzte K03tPtPrr:u;rreHThI Ai' al orrpe,lJ;eJI5lIOTC5I rro <pop:rvryrraM (12), (13).

(11)

_ unl -ujl 2R

A- +-

I , ,Z

( 3Xa4zi JZ ( 3Xa4yl JZ

a3z1 =: + a3yi + =t:

(12)

27

(8 xni - 8 Xji)

a = .

I 1

(13)

3.n;eCh 1 - .n;IDIHa anesrerrra; K03<P<PI1IU1eHThI a3zi' a3yi, a4zi' a4yi orrpenensrorcs crre.lJ:YlOIIlJ1MH COOTHOIIIeHII5IMI1

a3zi = - 3w ji - 218 yjl + 3w ni -18 yni ;

a3yl = -3vjl - 218zjl + 3vnl -18zm;

a4zi = 2Wji + 18Yjl -2wni +18yni;

(14)

a4yl = 2Vji + 18 zj! - 2v ni + 18zm·

)_::(IIcnepcHH .n;JI5l Harrp5[:JKeHII:i1: II lIX rrpOII3BO.n;HhIX no BpeMeHlI onpeztensrorca no tPoPMYrraM

[ J2

BAh·

Do, = 2 ~I i r; ;

DoF2i

D - , .

0, - T7 ' I'll

rne K03<P<PI1IU1eHThI F11, F 21 3aIIlIChIBaIOTC5[ B tPopMe

eo S; (co )dro

F f ~ .

11- ( 2_ 2)2+422'

o Pi ro Yi ro

co ro 2 S; (ro )dro

F2i = f ( 2 _ ro~)2 + 4 2ro2 .

o PI r.

3.n;ech S .. (ro) - crrercrpam.nas nrrOTHOCTh YCKOpeHlI5l onop.

Yo

(15)

(16)

K03tP<PI1IU1eHThI KOppeJUIIJ;I1II Me)K)ly a . II t'., cr· II i . lIMeIOT BlI,ll;

i I I i

K = 2BAGRa. (!2_J 2 F;i

O,c, I I J '

mi Do o,

a a

K.. = 2BAGRa. (!!J_: 2 F2i

O,c, I I mi ID. D.

,r 0, r,

(17)

3KBlIBarreHTHOe rrartpaxemre, COOTBeTCTBYIO:w:ee i - tPopMe Korre6aHII:ft, 3aJIIIChIBaeTC5[ crrenyrorrnn« 06pa30M

Z = Ja2 +[{2 ;

j j l-' j

[{. = 2'[ ..

l-' j j

(18)

TaKlIM 06Pa30M, rro.ry-rerrtr .n;OCTaTOlfHO rrpocrsre C TOlfKlI sperms lfIIcrreHHOII pearnrsartnn COOTHOIIIeHlI5l, n03BOJUllOIIlJ1e orrpeztemrrr, Bep05lTHOCTHhle xapaxrePIICTlIKlI napaxrerpoa H)_::(C Tpy6onpOBO.n;OB npn CTau;rIOHapHOM Crry1faitHOM B03.n;eHCTBHH.

28

2.3 Onpeaeneaae cpennero BpeMeHH 6e30TKa3Hoii pa60TbI Tpy6onpoBo,[J;oB

~IDI orrpeztenenna rmOTHOCTJI Bep05ITHOCTJI MaKCJIMYMOB 3KBJIBaJIeHTHbIX Hanp5DKeI-IJI:fi: JICIIOJTh3yeM rrpJI6rrJIlKeHJ-IYlO rpopxryny

-f' () n~i (19)

j max Zi = - ( ) ,

nzi ZOi

rrpJIMeHIIM)'ID K Y3KOIIorrOCHbIM rrpoueccav, rzte Z o. +- 0 - trexoropoe MaJIOe

snaueane,

n . - Cpe,ll;Hee "lfJIcrro BbI6poCOB rrpou;ecca, orrpe,ll;eIDIeMOe COOTHO-

ZJ

_ Zi

nzi - 3 *

(2%)2 JD1iDzi

* lex{ - ~ z; A( ljI,) ]JD 4, sin 2 ljI, + D3i cos 2 ljIi dljI, ' (20)

rzte l.J.1 i orrpenenaetcs Bblpa)KeHHeM:

1..Vi = arctg (~i / ai ) .

(21)

Hanp5I)KeHHe na Ka)K)J;Orr i-roii QJopMe coccrsemrsrx Korre6aI-IJI:fi: rrpeacraanaer c060rr ysxononocmrti crry-qafiHblrr rrpouecc, "lfaCTOTa xoroporo cOBIIa)J;aeT C i-roii coocrnernroii -racroroii CJICTeMbI.

Cpezmee Bpe1rn zto paspymemra onpenenserca COOTHOIIIeHHeM [2]:

t = [± Pi m F(r'i)]-l, (22)

i=l 2nNor

r,ll;e

F(r,i) = T B(\VJ(exp[- _!_A(\VJrZ] * + ~A-k (l,t/Jr -ZkIT (m - 2) + 1) J} +

o 2 k=l )=1

m

m "2

+ mA-2 (l.J.1J IT (m - 2) + l)<P(r, i»)dl.J.1 i ~ j=l

J D4 . sin Z ur + D3 . cos Z ur .

B(\Vi) = 1 :1 1 't'l

(211)2 JD1iDzi

<t>(r,i) = f ex{ - ~ A(ljI, )z; ]az,

r

(24)

29

3. Pe3YJIbTaTbI

ITPOBO,n;lUllICb "L£HCrreHHble nccneztonanna pecypca rpyeonposona MacrrOCHCTeIvThI raaorrepexa-nraarontero arperara rrpn Pa3JIH"L£HOM -nrcne KOHe"L£HbIX 3rreMeHTOB (K3): 7, 14 (PHC. 2) H 28.

Tpyoorrposon HMeeT crreztyrorrure XapaKTepHCTHKfr: MaTepHarr - CTaJIb lOx 17 H13M2T, rrporaacemrocrs B rtrrane L = 1,035 M, MO,lJ;yJIb yrrpyrocrn E = 2.1011 H/M2, rrrrOTHOCTb MaTepHarra C = 7800 Kr/M3, rrrrOTHOCTb xtacna CM = 875 Kr/M3, HapY)RJ{blfi: ,n;HaMeTp rpyosr D = 0,032 M, TOJIlll)1Ha CTeHKH h = 0,0035 M.

~JUI cncxrpansnoii rrrrOTHOCTH YCKOpeHl15I orrop 6bIJIO rrpI1JUITO crreztyrornee COOTHOIIIeHHe [3]:

15

12

13

L

14

PHC. 2. KOHe"L£HO-3rreMeHTHa5I Mo,n;eJIb KOHCTP)'KIU1H rpyoorrponoaa.

1.!!l

e.ss

a.mll zllll

I

61l1.1B t

9O"n

PHC. 3. CrreKTpaJIDHa5I rrrrOTHOCTb ycxopemrii. 30

Ta6rr. 1. C06cTBeHHble 'IfaCTOTbI rpyoonpoaona.

HOMep 3Ha'IfeHHe 'IfaCTOTbI, c'
'IfaCTOTbI
7K3 14K3 28 K3
1 109.13 107.85 107.75
2 111.98 110.37 110.25
3 150.55 187.87 145.15 NQ anenerrra NQ ysna 3Ha'IfeHHe pecypca, 'If
s=l s=2
1 1 791 791
2 10631 10631
2 2 3981 3981
3 1681 1681
3 3 210 210
4 7.04.1016 7.04.1016
4 4 1.6.1010 1.6.1010
5 3.56.1016 3.56.1016
5 5 2239 2239
6 4.82.1046 4.82.1046
6 6 2056 2056
7 1.07.1014 1.07.1014
7 7 1.03.10132 1.03.10132
8 5.9.106 5.9.106
8 8 4700 4700
9 1.2.1041 1. 2·1 041
9 9 4300 4300
10 3.7.1012 3.7.1012
10 10 - 2.6.1041
11 1.1.108 1.1.108
11 11 1.47.104 1.47.104
12 - -
12 12 1.5.1019 1.5.1019
13 1.1.1016 1.1.1016
13 13 6.43.1059 6.43.1052
14 2.47.1081 2.19.1047
14 1 817 817
15 2916 2916 Ta6rr. 2. Cpeznree BpeM51)];O paspymenna.

31

(25)

rzte a,= 0,231, cuo= 109,129.

Tpadmx crtexrpansuoii rrrrOTHOCTIT YCKopeHIIii noxaaan na PITc. 3.

Pe3YJIbTaTbI pac-rera coricmemrux Korre6aHJIii rrpeacrannemr B raorr, 1.

KaK BJI,lJ;HO IT3 r aon. 1, ,n;illI rrorryqemrn ztocroseprrr.rx pe3YJIbTaTOB rrpn pacxere nepsoii IT BTOPOll coocrsemrsrx qaCTOT rpyoonposoaa ,n;OCTaTOqHO ITCrrOJIb30BaTb 14-TIT3rreMeHTIfjllO Mo,n;eJIb.

B raon. 2 npnnenerrsr 3Haqemur pecypca ,n;illI 14-TIT 3rreMeHTHOll Mo,n;errrr rpyoorrpoaoaa, rto.ry-temrtre C ITCrrOJIb30BaHIIeM ozmoii IT ,n;Byx <pOPM coricmemrsrx Korre6aHJIii (nponepxon 0603HaqeHO 3HaqeHIIe pecypca, rrpn KOTOPOM HeT paspyuieuns).

H3 raon. 2 BJI,lJ;HO, qTO rranrionee rtonpeactaromeit 5IBillIeTC5I nepnaa <popMa Korre6aHJIii. Pacser C ITCrrOJIb30BaHIIeM rpex ¢OPM rtoxasan, qTO TpeTb5I <popMa He BHOCHT cyrrtecrnetrm.rii BKJIa,lJ; B oorucc peIIIeHIIe, qTO corrracyercs C rpa¢HKOM cnexrpansnoii IIJIOTHOCTIT BHeIIIHero B03,n;ellCTBJI5I (pnc, 3). MIIHIIMaJIbHbIll pecypc nao.noztaercn B ys.rax NQ 1, NQ 3.

Ilposezten pacuer pecypca rpyoortpoaona C ITCrrOJIb30BaHIIeM zmyx KOHeqHO- 3rreMeHTHbIX Mo,n;errell (14 IT 28 K3) rrpn yuere onnoii IT ,n;Byx co6cTBeHHbIX <pOPM Korre6aHJIii (s = 1,2) ,n;illI ysna NQ 2 (pnc. 2). Pe3YJIbTaTbI pacnera rrpeacraanenu B raon. 3.

Ta6rr. 3. ~ITcrrepcIIJI Harrp5I)KeHIIii IT cpeznree BpeM5I zto paspynretrna.

BerrrrqIIHa s=1 s=2
14 K3 28 K3 8% 14 K3 28 K3 8%
, ,
D1, TIa2 1.531.105 1.138.105 26 2.097.104 1.876.104 11
D2, TIa2 1.287 1.43 10 8.325.10-2 9.634.10-2 14
D3, TIa2 1.596.109 1.184.109 24 2.3.108 2.053.108 8
D4, TIa2 1.342.104 1.487.104 12 9.132.102 1.054.103 19
CBP, q 3981 1236 31 3981 1236 31 ~aHHble, rrprraeztenrrsre B r ann. 3, rrozrrsepxotaror, qTO BKJIa,lJ; BTOPOll ¢OPMDI xoneoamd! B oomee peIIIeHIIe Marr, TaK KaK ,n;ITcrrepcIIJI narrpnaceardi, COOTBeTCTnyrorrme BTOPOll <popMe rrpJIHIIMaroT cymecraenrto MeHbIillIe 3Haqemur, qeM na nepaoii ¢opMe. KOHeqHO-3rreMeHTHa5I ,n;ITcKpeTIT3au;I15I cymecrnenno BJIJI5IeT rra orrpeztenemre pecypca KOHCTP)!ICIJ;l1Jl.

3aKJlIOWJeHHe

Pa3pa60TaHa xreroztmca, anroprrrn IT rrporpaxnra na 5I3bIKe Typ6o- TIaCKaJIb,

32

rtoaeonsronme Ou;eIDITb ,llJIHaIvlJIlIeCKHe XapaKTepHCTJIKH, napaxrerpu narrpnxerrao,ll;ecpOpMHpOBaHHOrO COCT05lJIlTI[ H pecypc rrpOCIpaHCTBeHHbIX Tpy60rrpOBO,ll;HbIX

~ ~

CHCTeM rrpn CTau;HOHapHOM cny-ramrosr B03,ll;eHCTBHH.

Jlnreparypa

1. TIOCTHOB B.A., Xapxypnxr H.5I .. Meron KOHeLIHblX 3rreMeHTOB B pacxerax cy,ll;OBbIX KOHCTP)'ICIJ;I1ii. - CY,ll;OCIpOeHHe, Jlemmrpazr, 1974. 2. )KOB,ll;aK B.A., Tpyoaes A.H. TIporn03HpOBaHHe pecypca Tpy60rrpOBO,ll;OB npn CrryLIaitHOM B03- ,ll;eiiCTBHH, H3B. BY30B. MaIillIHOCTpOeHHe, 1987, 6, 24-28. 3. Tnxonos B.H. CTaTHCTHLIeCKa5I pa,ll;HOTeXHHKa. - COBeTcKoe panrro, Mocxsa. - 1966.

Ilocrynana a peztxormermo 14.09.2001

Y~K 539.3

UCCJIErIJ;OBAHUE CTATUqECKOU IIPOqHOCTU BErIJ;YIIJ;ErO KOJIECA rYCEHUqHOH MAIIIUHbI

~.B.EH6HK,C.H.EorapcYKoB

KII XKEM UM. AA. MOp0308a, XapbK08, YKpaUHa.

The work is devoted to research of static durability of a real design - conducting wheel of the caterpillar machine. The decision of the task is achieved by sharing of an experimental research of a sample and numerical account of finite-element model of research object. The experimental research was carried out by a strain measurement method, and for [mite-element account the ANSYS program was used. The estimation of wheels static durability at real loads influence was received as a result.

BBe,lJ;eHUe

Onemca nartpszcemroro COCTOillII1.H nezrynmx xonec rycemrrrrsrx MaIillIH MO)KeT 6bITb nonynerra JIH60 rryrev ztoporocrnarrtero H ,ll;JIHTeJIbHOrO rrarypnoro HCIIbITaJIIUI, JIH60 paCLIeTHbIM rryrexr, ,ll;JUI LIero neooxomoro HMeTb anexaarrryro pacuernyro MO,ll;eJIb. B nacrosrnee Bpe:M5I B TeXHHLIeCKoii rnrreparype orcyrcrnyer paCCMOIpeHHe BOrrpOCOB rrpOLIHOCTHoro pacxera TaKHX KOHCTP)'ICIJ;I1ii. Mexzry TeM paCLIeTHa5I MO,ll;eJIb MO)KeT 6bITb rrony-rerra TOJIbKO na OCHOBe 3KCrrepHMeHTaJIDHOrO HCCrre,ll;OBaJIIUI.

TI05IBrreHHe ,ll;aHHoii pa60TbI 6bIJIO ooycnoaneno YKa3aHHbIMH 06CT05ITeJIbCTBaMH. B Heii rrpnnenerro 3KCrrepHMeHTaJIDHOe nccneztonarrne Harrp5[)KeHHOrO COCTOillII1.H xoneca. TIOTOM ra )Ke 3a,ll;aLIa peIIIaeTC5[ rryrexr LIHcrreHHoro rrccrreztoBaJIIUI. COrrOCTaBrreHHe pe3YJIbTaTOB rrpOH3BO,ll;HTC5[ rro Harr60JIbIIIHM rrraBHbIM Harrp5[)KeHH5lM.

33

Han6oJThIIIJIfi: xpyrsrmrii MOMeHT B 3KCrrepHMeHTe COCTilBJIJI 69000 HOM, rrpn pac-rere rrpHHHMaJIC5I pilBHbIM 120000 HOM, T. e. MaKCHMaJThHO B03MO)Kf{bIM ,ll;IDI ,ll;aHHoro THIIa MaIIIHHbI.

1 3KcnepHMeHnl.JIbHOe HCCJle,1J;OBaHHe

3KCrrepHMeHTaJThHOe nccnenosamte Harrp5lIKeHHOrO COCT051HH51 Be.LJYIU:ero xorreca BbIrrOJIH5lJIOCh MeTO,ll;OM TeH30MerpHpoBaHH5I [1]. B xanecrne rreparorrrux rtpecopasosareneii rrpHMeH5lJIHCh TeH30,ll;aTqHKH KcD4ITI-5-100, p03eTKH KcD4P2- 5-200 H uenousn KcD5L{2-3-100. ITHTaHHe TeH30,ll;aTqHKOB H rrpeoepasoaanne HX CHrHaJIOB oC)'lll:ecTBJI5lJIOCh CHCTeMOH H3MepeHH51 rercoxrerpn-recxoit CI1I1T-3.

OCHOBHbIM OTJIHqHeM paccvarprraaexroro Be.LJYIU:ero xoneca OT nsrrrycxaenoro ccpniino 5IBIDIeTC5I ,ll;JIHHa ero IJ;HJIHH,ll;p~eCKOH qaCTH ,ll;HaMeTpOM 462 MM. Ha CTa,ll;HH IIJIaHHpOBaHH5I 3KCrrepHMeHTa rrpennonaranoct., qTO na rrpo-mocrr. xoneca 3HaqHTeJThHOe BJIH5lHHe OKa3hIBaIOT rrHIITh ,ll;etPopMaIJ;HH KpyqeHH51. I1CXO,ll;51 H3 aroro rtpennonoxenns, 6hIJIa CtPopMHpOBaHa cxexra pacrtorroxemts TeH30,ll;arqHKOB. ~aTqHKH na rconeco HaKJIeHBaJIHCh B rrpeztrrorraraejrsrx xrecrax onacnsrx CeqeHHH, TaK, KaK 3TO rrOKa3aHO na pHC. 1. 3,ll;eCh rr03HIJ;H5IMH o603HaqeHbI P03eTKH TeH30,ll;aTqHKOB H OT,ll;eJThHO BhIHeceHa uenouxa TeH30,ll;aTqHKOB, COe,ll;HHeHHbIX rrOCrre,ll;OBaT eJThHO .

I

I I'

I

PHC. 1. Cxena HaKJIeHKH ,ll;aTqHKOB (BH,ll; csepxy).

~IDI rrposenenna HCIIhITaHHH 6hIJIa H3rOTOBrreHa CrreIJ;HaJThHa5I YCTaHOBKa, B KOTOPOH HMHTHpOBaJIHCh ,ll;eHCTB)'lOIIlJ1e rra xoneco tPaKTOPhI. CrreIJ;HaJThHa5I YCTaHOBKa, na KOTOPOH rrpOBO,ll;HJIHCh HCIIhITaHH5I, rrptraeztena rra pHC. 2. Ha IIJIHTe 1 YCTaHOBKH KpeIIHJIc5I xaprep 2, B KOTOPhIH YCTaHilBJIHBarraCh 60PTOBa5I nepeaana (EIT) B coope C penepcrrerroii Kopo6KOH nepenan (KIT) 3. Ha Barr EIT YCTaHilBJIHBarrOCh Be.LJYIU:ee xoneco 4, xoropoe OXBaThIBaJIOCh qaCThIO ryceIDIIJ;bI 5. Flocnezursa C rrOMOIIlPIO KpOHIIITeilHOB 6 KpeIIHJIaCh K rrJIHTe 1. Y CHJIHe HaT5IlKeHH51 ryceIDIIJ;bI KOHTPOJIHpOBaJIOCh TeH30Merp~eCKHMH IIIIIlUIhKaMH 7. Benymee xoneco co CTOPOHbI KIT HarpYlKaJIOCh C rrOMOIIlPIO psrrara 8 Kpyr5llll)1IVI MOMeHTOM.

34

HCIThITaJ-IJUI rrpOBO)1;I1JIHCb B cnenyromeu rrOPMKe:

- Be,lJJlII1:ee KOrreCO xperrrrnocs na EIT Ta.J{J-lly[ 06Pa30M, lIT06bI 30Ha, 06KJIeeHHa5I TeH30)IaTLIIIKaMH, HaxO)II1JIaCb B rterrrpe CeKTOpa OXBaTa xoneca ryceHJIIJ;eH. B CB5I3H C TeM, LITO rycemma HMeeT cymecraermyro rrpO)IOJIbH)'lO rrO)IaTJIHBOCTb, )IJI5I 06eCrreLIeHH51 nepeztaun MaKCHMaJIbHOrO Kpyr5IIIJ;erO MOMeHTa LIaCTb ee TPaKOB )IO rtepsoro HarpYiKeHHOrO 3y6a Be,lJJlII1:erO xoneca 3aMeH5lJIaCb crarrsrroit rtnacrnnoii, K KOTOPOfi: 6bIJIH rrpanaperrst IIITaTHble rrarrr.rur.

- B KIT arcnronanacr, I rrepenaua, H na ee BXO)Ie rrpHKJIa)IbIBarrC5I cryrremraro noapacraronmii xpyrsnmii MOMeHT. ITPH KaiK)IOM H3 3HaLIeHHfi: MOMeHTa orrpenennmrcr. )Iefi:cTB)'lOII1J1e B )IHCKe Harrp5liKeHH51. B )IaHHbIX HCIThITaHH5IX 6bIJI peaJIH30BaH MaKCHMaJIbHblfi: xpyrsnnrii MOMeHT rra BbIXO)IHOM Barry EIT PaBHblfi: 69000 H"M.

- rycemnta oTKpeIIJI5IJIaCb OT TeH30MeTpHLIeCKJIX IIIIII1JIeK H cnmeanacr, C nezryntero xoneca, xoropoe rrocrre aroro rroeopa-nraanocr, rrOCrre)IOBaTeJIbHO na 1

3y6 (~300) H na ~ 180° (B rrepBOM crrynae narpyacaexrsrii 3y6 OCTaBarrC5I B cexrope OXBaTa xoneca rycennneii). B KaiK)IOM H3 YKa3aHHbIX BapHaHTOB rrocrre saxpermenrer rycenmur na xonece rrOBTOp5IJIHCb H3MepeHH51 rro rrpe)IbI,lJJlII1:e:MY rrymcry,

ITPH 06pa6OTKe pe3YJIbTaTOB H3MepeHHfi:, rrOKa3aHH5I ttertouex

TeH30)IaTLIIIKOB )'LIHTbIBaJIHCb HerrOCpe)ICTBeHHO, a )IJI5I p03eTOK )IOrrOJIHHTeJIbHO paCCLIHTbIBaJIHCb rrramnre Harrp5liKeHH51 IT 1 H IT 2 rro tP0P:MYrraM:

E[ Sa + Sb + e, 1 ( Sa + Sb + e; :2 ( Sb - e, :2 ~

0", = +-- S - +

3(1 - V) 1 + V a 3 J3

,

(E' - 'a + ~ H, )' + (B'JJ"' )' J

(1)

)IJI5I p03eTOK C yrnaxrn MeiK.lIY )IaTLIIIKaMH 60° H 1200~

0"", =E( Sa +Se + 1 ~(Sa -SJ2 + (2sb -Sa -SJ2 J

2(1- V) 2(1 + V) , (2)

0""2 = E( Sa + Se - 1 J(Sa - SJ2 + (2sb - Sa - SJ21

2(1- V) 2(1 + V) )

)IJI5I p03eTOK C yrnaxrn 45° H 90°,

rzte E - MO)IyJIb ynpyrocrn IOJITa;

V - K03tPtPJIIJ;HeHT Ilyaccona, pasmri! 0,3~

Sa, Sb, s, - )IeQJopMau;HH, H3Mep5leMble TeH30)IaTLIIIKaMH, 06pa3)'lOrn:HMH C OCbIO OTCLIeTa yrnu COOTBeTCTBeHHO paanue 0°, 60° H 120° )IJI5I (1) H 0°, 45° H 90° )IJI5I (2).

YLIHTbIBa5I, LITO )IHCK Be,lJJlII1:erO xoneca HaxO)IHTC5I B ycnosrrsx cnoaororo

35

narrpaxemroro COCT05IHIDI, otterrxa ero rrp01JHOCTH rrpOH3BO)1;JIJIaCb na OCHOBaHHH aHaIDI3a ,ll;eJicTB)'IOIIlJIX rnaemrx Harrp5llKeHHi1: no IV reopnn rrpezterrsrroro COCT05IHIDI (xprrrepnii Y,ll;eJIbHoJi nOTeHu;HaJIDHoJi 3HeprHH cP0pMoH3MeHeHH51):

1 2 2 2

U 3KBIV = - (rr 1 + a 2 + (rr 2 - U 1) ). 2

(3)

PHC. 2. YCTaHOBKa,ll;JI5I rrpoaezteana excrrepioaeirra.

Arrarrm pe3YJIbTaTOB HCIIbITaHrrH rtoxasan, 1JTO Harr60rree HarpYlKeHHbIM MeCTOM na nOBepXHocTH xoneca 5IBJI5leTC5I 30Ha pacrtorroxemta p03eTKH NQ 4 (prrc.l ). B raon, 1 rrpeztcraanenu 3Ha1JeHH51 maansrx narrpsaennii G 1, G 2, MaKClIMaJIbHbIX KaCaTeJIbHbIX Harrp5llKeHHi1: cPmax H COCTaBlliIIOIIlJIX nraposoro TeH30pa Harrp5llKeHHi1:

Go ,ll;JI5I p03eTKH NQ4 rrpn KpYT~eM MOMeHTe MKP = 69000 HoM. Korna IDIHH5I pacnonozsenrer u;en01JKH ,ll;aT1JHKOB npoxoznrr 1Jepe3 cepeznray ,LJ;yrH cercropa OXBaTa xoneca rycemnteit H cPa3a rtosopora xoneca COCTaBJI5leT 0°, TO ,ll;aT1JHKH HaxO,ll;5lTC5I "nacpxy". Korna IKe rpaaa rtosopora xoneca COCTaBJI5leT 180°, TO ,ll;aT1JHKH HaxO,ll;5lTC5I "BHH3Y".

113 Ta6IDIIJ;bI BH,ll;HO, 1JTO Kor..mOHeHThI nraposoro TeH30pa narrpszsemrii na ,ll;HaMeTpaJIDHO rrpOTHBonorrOIKHbIX 1JaCT5IX. ,ll;HCKa HeCKOJIbKO OTJIH1JaIOTC5I no a6colllOTHOMY sna-retrmo H rrportrsononozrtu no 3HaKY. 3TO CBH,ll;eTeJIbCTByeT 0 TOM, 1JTO rra narrpaxerrrroe COCT05IHI1e xorreca B ztarmoit 06rraCTH Harr60JIbrnee BIDI5IHI1e OKa3bIBaeT H3rn6. TaKHe pe3YJIbTaTbI 6bIIDI nOJIY1._IeHbI arrepnsre. Partee ,ll;eJicTBHe H3rn6a na KOHCTP)'KIJ;I1J1 TaKOrO pozta He paccnarprraanocs.

CYM no pe3YJIbTaTaM, nOJIY1._IeHHbIM rrprr cryrremarou HarpYlKeHHH xoneca KpYT~ MOMeHTOM, 3aBHClIMOCTb G(MIq)) 5IBJI5leTC5I JIHHeJiHoJi, no KpaHHeJi xrepe, ,ll;0 3Ha1JeHH51 MKP = 69000 HoM, xoropoe oxasanoct MaKCHMaJIbHO B03MOlKHbIM pearmsyensn« 3Ha1JeHHeM xpyrsnrero MOMeHTa B 3KCneplIMeHTaJIDHOH YCTaHOBKe.

36

Ta6rr. 1. MaKCIDvIaJThHble narrpazcenrer B p03eTKe N24 (oxcrteprererrtanr.rtue aamrsre), MIla

IlOrrO)KeHIIe ));aTlfHKOB G1 G2 tPmax Go
"asepxy" 137 50 93,5 62
"BHII3Y" -109 -171 31 -93 2 qUCJleHHoe UCCJle,11;OBaHUe

)::(JUI -mcnennoro HCCrre));OBaIDUI 6bIJI BbI6paH MeTO)); xoneum,rx 3rreMeHTOB [2], a B xaxecrne ero Mam::rurn:Ofi: peaJIH3 arran rrporpaxcorsrii KOMIIJIeKC AN S YS 5.6 Professional.

B xanecrne THIIa xorremnrx 3rreMeHTOB, na xoropsre pasorraanacr, MO));eJTh, 6bIJIa BbI6paHa TeTpa3));paJThHa5I -rertrpexyaroaaa tPopMa rpexveptroro xorreunoro anexrerrra SOLID45 H OCTaBrreHbI TpH CTerreHII CBo6o)J;bI B ysne - nmreiirure rtepexrememra ux, uy, uz [3].

Pa36HeHIIe na rconemrue anexrerrrtr ocyrn:eCTBJNJIOCb B aBTOMaTHlfeCKOM pe)KJIIv[e. IlPH BbIrrOJIHeHHH pa36Hemrn orcasanocr, HeB03MO)KHbIM cymecrsemro BillUITb na rycrory KOHelfHO-3rreMeHTHOH ceTKH na OT));eJThHbIX y-racncax KOHCTpJ'KIU1lI. Pacuersr 6bIJIH IIpOBe));eHbI ));JUI znsyx ceTOK pasorrenna. B I crry-rae (cerxa- 1) xoncrpysrms 6bIJIa pa36HTa rra 22727 3rreMeHTOB, Cpe));HHH pasxrep CTOPOHbI Ka)K)J;OrO anexrerrra 6bIJI rropamca 2 CM. Bo II (cerxa-Z) crry-rae 6bIJIO 93581 enexrerrr C ));rrHHofi: CTOPOHbI oxono 1 CM.

HarpY)KeHIIe xorreca 6bIJIO CMO));eITHpoBaHO cnezryronnes 06Pa30M. )::(JUI ysnon, IIpHHa)1;rre)Kam:HX IIIJIHu;eBofi: rtoeepxnocrn (nos. 11, pHC. 2), 6bIJIa nnenerra rrOKaJThHa5I WIJIHH)J;pHlfeCKa5I CHCTeMa KOOp));HHaT, B KOTOPOfi: 6bIJIH IIpHITO)KeHbI cocpenorouemrue CHJThI K 3THIvl ysnan B narrpaanennn OKpY)KHofi: KOOp));HHaTbI rp, 11x rrepexrerrtemre B pa)1;HaJThHOM rrarrpannerrmr p 6bIJIO sarrpenteno. TaKHIvt: o6pa- 30M, HMHTHpOBarrOCb IIpHITO)KeHIIe xpyrsmero MOMeHTa H pacnonccsenne xoneca rra Be));yrn:eM Barry KIl. TaK)Ke 6bIJI nanoacen sarrper na nepexrenrenne B narrpasneHHH KOOp));HHaTbI Z (KOTOPa51 conrtanaer C OCblO npamerma xoneca) K lfaCTH Y3rrOB, IIpHHa)1;rre)Kam:HX IIIIDIIJ;eBOH rrOBepXHOCTH, lfT06bI rrOJIHOCTblO HCKJIIOlfHTb B03MO)KHOCTb nepexrenrenrer xoneca, KaK e));HHOrO uenoro,

)::(JUI Y3rrOB, IIpHHa)1;rre)Kam:HX tPrraHIJ;eBbIM rrOBepXHOCT5I:M (nos. 10, pHC. 2), TaK)Ke 6bIJIa nnenerra rrOKaJThHa5I WIJIHH)J;pHlfeCKa5I CHCTeMa KOOp));HHaT. 113 HHX BbI6HparraCb rpyrrrra Y3rrOB, HaxO));5IIIlJIXC5I B cexrope OXBaTa xoneca rycemrrteii, na xoropue HaKJIa)1;bIBarrC5I sanper na nepexrenrenne B narrpaanennn OKpY)KHOH KOOp));HHaTbI cpo lJacTb Y3rrOB dmamtenoti rrOBepXHOCTH ocranarracs B IIp5I:MOyronsnoii ztexapronoi! CHCTeMe KOOp));HHaT, H K HIIM 6bIJIH IIpHrrO)KeHbI CHJThI B BepTHKaJThHOM HaIIpaBrreHIIH, lfTO HMHTHpOBarro ));eHCTBHe CHIT HaT5I)Kemrn rycemnt.

)::(JUI pememrs 3a)1;alfH rpexxrepnoro crartr-recxoro HCCrre));OBaIDUI OIIbITHbIM

37

rryrexr 6bIJI BbI6paH rrrepamromrsrn pernarens PCG Solver (Precondition Conjugated Gradient).

Ta6rr. 2. Ilpeaemrnre 3Ha"l{emrn Harrp5DKeHIIfl: ,n;IDI p03eTIGI NQ4, MITa (cpasnenne 3KCrrepJIMeHTaJIbHbIX ,n;aHHbIX JI "l{JICrreHHOro pac-rera)

Harpysxa Harrpaacenne 3Ha"l{eHfIe
MK)) = 69000 HOM 3Kcrr. IT 137
1
MK)) = 69000 HoM cerxa-I IT 129
1
MK)) = 69000 HoM cerxa-Z IT 114
1
MKP = 120000 HoM cerxa-I IT 208
1 Pe3YJIbTaTbI rrpO"l{HOCTHOro pacnera (CM. raon. 2) norcasann cnezrytomee:

- rrpn MaKCJIMaJIbHOH: npnnaraexroit BHeIIIHeH: rrarpysxe JIHTeHCfIBHOCTb Harrp5DKeHIIfl: He rrpensnrraer rrpenena TeK)'""lJeCTJI [Y;!lorrJ = 500 MITa;

- pe3YJIbTaTbI, rrorrytrerrmre na cerxe-I OTJIJI"lJaJIJICb OT 3KCrrepJIMeHTaJIbHbIX na 6%, a rrorryremrue na cerxe-? - na 17 %. Pa3JIJI"lJJIe pe3YJIbTaTOB, no.ryrenmrx na ,n;Byx cerxax pasonenns COCTaBJIJIO 12 %.

K03tPtPJIIJ;fIeHT sarraca B OrraCHOH: TO"l{Ke (,n;IDI ceTKJI-1)

n = [IT LIon ]/ IT i = 2,4

npn MaKCJIMarrbHOH: narpysxe 60JIbIIIe e,n;IllIl1Il;bI, cneaonarensno MaTepJIarr xoneca ,n;etP0PMJIPyeTC5I yrrpyro BO BceM ,n;JIarra30He narpyxemta,

BbIBO,[J;bI

- nrtepnsre nony-renu 3KcrrepJIMeHTaJIbHble ztamrsre, CBJI.n;eTeJIbCTB)lIOIIlJ1e 06 orrpenensromeu BJIJI5IHJIJI JI3rn6a rra narrpaxemroe COCT05IHJIe seztyntero xoneca ryceHJI"lJHOJI MaIIIJIHbI;

- paspaooraaa TpeXMepHa5I KOHe"l{HO-3rreMeHTHa5I Mo,n;eJIb seaymero xoneca, KOTOPa5I rr03BOIDIeT Ka"l{eCTBeHHO JI KOJIJI"lJeCTBeHHO Ou;eHHTb narrprrxemer, B03HJIKaIOIIlJ1e B HeM;

Jlnrep a IYP a

I. TeH30MeTpJI5I B MaIIIJIHOCTpOeHJIJI. Ilozt pezt. P.A.MaKapoBa. - M.: MaIIIJIHoCTpOeHfIe, 1975. - 288 c. 2. 3eHKeBfI"l{ O. Mcrozt KOHe"l{HbIX 3rreMeHTOB B TeXHfIKe. - M.: MHp, 1975. - 541 c. 3. ANSYS User's Manual for Revision 5.0 Volume IV 1994, Swanson Analysis Systems, Inc.

IIOCTYIIHJIaB pe,n:KOJUIerHlO 11.09.2001

38

Y~K 539.3

OQEHKA IJ;OCTOBEPHOCTU MATEMATUqECKUX MOIJ;EJIEll: B 3A)J;A~X BbICOKOCKOPOCTHOrO TEPMOKUHETUqECKOrO IJ;Eq,OPMUPOBAHUa 3JIEMEHTOB KOHCTPYKQUU QUJIUHIJ;PUqECKOU q,OPMbI

A.B. EH3IOK, M. B. LIepHo6phIBKO, B.r. 5Ipe:w:eHKo

Hncmumym npotineu MaZUUHocmpOeHU51 HAH Y xpounu, Xapuxoe, Y xpauna

In work is done a comparative analysis of mathematical models of high-rate elasto-plastic deforming of cylindrical shells, which based on comparison with experimental data. An optimum model is a 2-dirnension layer with taking into account deformation speed dominance and thermal parameters.

ITPH pacxere rtapaxrerpos BhICOKOCKOpOCTHoro yrtpyrortrracrmrecsoro ,ll;ecpop:MIIPOBCUIfUl KOHCTP)'KIU-IOHHhIX 3rreMeHTOB partrronarrr.m.nr 5IBIDIeTC5I HCrrOJIh30BaHHe yrrporrtemnrx MaTeMaTHIfecKHX MO,ll;erreH, crerrem, a)J;eKBaTHOCTH KOTOPhIX peam.rrsm rrpoueccaxr paamrnra. OCHOBHhIM KpHTepHeM BhI60pa Torr HJIH HHorr MO,ll;emr 5IBIDIeTC5I, Hap5I)J;y C TpY,ll;OeMKOCThIO c-rernoro rrpouecca, Mepa COOTBeTCTBH5I reoperrorecrorx H 3KCrrepHMeHTaJIhHhIX pesyrn, TaTOB.

B KaIfeCTBe 06beKTa HCCrre,ll;OBaHH5I BhI6paHbI KOHCTp)'KIU-IOHHhle anexrerrrsr I.J;HJIHH)J;pHIfeCKOrr <POPMhI. Pa3pa60TaHHa5I B I1ITMam HAH YKpaHHhI TeXHOrrOill5I HCrrOJIh30BaHH5I IIIHpOKOrrOrrOCHorr TeH30MeTpHIfeCKOrr CTaHI.J;HH ,ll;IDI perrrCTpau;HH BhICOKOCKOPOCTHhIX npoueccos rr03BOIDIeT ortpezterrrrrs BerrHIfHHY ,ll;e<popMau;rrH H cxopocreii ,ll;e<popMau;rrH na MaJIhIX rnrrepsanax BpeMeHH (no 5-10 MKc). I{HillIH)J;pHIfeCKa5I ooonouxa HaxO,ll;HTC5I non ,ll;errCTBHeM KOM6HHau;HH BHYTpeHHero CTaTHIfeCKoro H noxam.noro yztaprro-rerrrym.caoro HarpY)KeHH5I 60JIhIIIOrr HHTeHCHBHOCTH, B03HHKaIO:w:rrx, narrprnrep, rrpn cnapxe B3PhIBOM, zteronarnronnoIIJIa3MeHHOM rrartsmennn H ztpyrnx necrarmorrapm-rx rrOKaJIhHhIX B03,ll;eHCTBH5IX.

B ouare HarpY)KeHH5I Hero OKpeCTHOCTH B03HHKaeT 30Ha IIJIaCTHIfeCKoro ,ll;e<popMHpOBaHH5I H 3HaIfHTeJIhHhle rrpornou, If TO He ztaer B03MO)KHOCTH rtposonrrrr, MHOrOKpaTHoe narpyxemte B O,ll;HOM H TOM )Ke MeCTe. BOJIHoBorr xapaxrep rrponecca ,ll;ecpopMHpOBaHH5I rpcoyer OXBaTa TOIfKa:MII H3MepeHH5I 60JIhIIIOrr noaepxnocrn o6orroIfKfI, a 60JIhIIIHe rpaztnerrru zrediopsrannii B 30He HarpY)KeHH5I - ,ll;OCTaTOIfHorr IIJIOTHOCTH pa3Me:w:eHH5I TOIfeK H3MepeHH5I. ITPH 3TOM ,ll;aTIfHKfI pacrtorrozcerrsr B TOIfKax B,ll;OJIh rnamrux rrarrpaenenrrit TeH30pa ,ll;e<popMau;HH - B ocesoxr H OKpY)KHOM ceIfeHH5IX (CM. pHC. 1 ).ITpHH5ITa5I cxexra pa3Me:w:eHH5I TeH30pe3HcTopOB rr03BOIDIeT perrrcrprrponarr, rnaansre ,ll;e<popMau;HH e, H Ge B psne TOIfeK rtonepxrrocrn B ocesoxr H MepH)J;HOHaJIhHOM ceIfeHH5IX.

ITo pe3YJIhTaTaM cepmr 3KCrrepHMeHTOB 6hIJI BhlrrOJIHeH cpaenrrrcnsnsrii ana.ms pe3YJIhTaTOB, nony-renrrax IfHcrreHHhIM rryrexr C rrpmaenennev Pa3JllIlIHhIX

MaTeMaTHIfecKHX MO,ll;errerr, C 3KCrrepHMeHTaJIhHhI:MII ,ll;aHHhI:MII. 3HaIfeHH5I

39

rrapaxrerpon MaTepHaJIa enos: MO.llYJTh yrrpyrocrn E = 2,1 . 1011 IT a; K03tPtPI1IJ;I1eHT Ilyaccona J.l = 0,3; rrrrOTHOCTb P = 7,8 . 103 Kr/M3; rrpezten rrrraCTI-PIHOCTH C;S = 1,43 . 10-3; napaxterpu y-rera BJII15IHJUI CKOPOCTH ,ll;e<}JopMau;rIH An = 0,992; D= 396 c'; n= 7,14.

1",51, --1~-;r-=t~~~;;""1 2

-::-It:::;:;::----~,_I: ---- 3

'-.. 4

~-------;~~--~~~------~I

1

10 20 t, MKC

PHC. 2. CpaBHeHHe pe3YJThTaTOB pac-reron

PHC. 1. Cxexra narpyxenna o6orroL£KH

Ha pHcYHKe 2 rrpeztcranneno CpaBHeHHe 3KCrrepHMeHTaJThHbIX (KpHBaJI 1) H TeopeTHL£ecKHX ztanrrsrx, rto.ryuetrmrx rrprr 3HaL£eIDUIX HarpY3KH Pm = 3,734 . 108 ITa, Bpe:M5I saryxanrer HMIIYJThca Q = 7,1 . 10-6 C. B KaL£eCTBe COrrOCTaBIDIeMbIX xrareMaTHL£ecKHX MO,ll;errefi 6bIJIH rrpnrernr MO,ll;eJTh u;rIITHH,ll;pHL£eCKOro crros KOHeL£Hofi ,ll;JIHHbI C yneroxr BJII15IHJUI CKOPOCTH ,ll;etPopMau;rIH na 3aKOH ynpOL£HeHIDI MaTepHaJIa B crerremroit tPopMe, a raxace BJII15IHJUI reruroeux rrapaxrerpon (KpHBaJI 2). KPHBaJI 3 coornercrayer p e3YJThT ar aM, rrOJIynIeHHbIM rrpn HCCrre,ll;OBaHHH ,ll;BHlKeHlUI u;rIJIHH,ll;pHL£eCKOro enos 6e3 y-rera TepMOKHHeTHL£ecKHX CBofiCTB xrareprrana. KPHBaJI 4 orpaxaer ztarrrrsre, rtorryuernnre ,ll;IDI ozmouepnofi CXeMbI BbICOKOCKOpOCTHoro paCIIIHpeHlUI rtmrmrztpa; KpHBaJI 5 cOOTBeTcTByeT pesyrn.raTaM, rrOJIynIeHHbIM rrpn peIIIeHHH 3a,LJ;aL£H 6e3 yuera BJII15IHJUI CKOPOCTH nedopsrau;rIH na ,ll;HHaMHL£eCKHe napaverpsr. .AJIaJIH3 3THX pe3YJThTaTOB rtorcaasrsaer, L£TO ,ll;BYMepHaJI rrOCTaHOBKa 3a,LJ;aL£H rr03BOIDIeT rrOITYL£HTb rrpHeMJIeMYJO TOL£HOCTb peIIIeHlUI, arrrrpOKCHMHpY51 3KcrrepHMeHTaJThH)110 KpHB)'lO ITYL£IIIe, L£eM O,ll;HOMepHaJI cxexta. ITOMHMO aroro crrenyer OTMeTHTb, L£TO ,ll;IDI ztarrnoro MaTepHaJIa (KOHCTP)'KI.U10HHaJI CTaJTh X 18H lOT) cymecreenmna 5IBIDIeTC5I y-rer BJII15IHJUI CKOPOCTH ,ll;etPopMau;rIH na ,ll;HHaMHL£eCKHe napaxrerpir.

MOMeHTbI BpeMeHH, xorna CKOPOCTb ,ll;e<}J0pMau;rIH panna HYJIIO H B MaTepnane HaL£HHaeTC5I pasrpysxa, ortpeztenaejrsre rro KpHBbIM 2 H 3, npnonmrrrc.rsno

40

pasmr, CHJThHO OTJllIlIaJICh OT BpeMeHH pa3rpY3IGI, Orrpe)1;eIDIeMOrO rro KpHBOH 5.

B raomnte rrpnsenerrsr 3HalJemrn MaKCHMarrhHbIX OKpY)lG{bIX H rrpO)1;OJThHbIX )1;etPopMau;rrH:, H3MepeHHbIx MeTO)1;OM )1;HHaMHlJeCKOrO TeH30MerpHpoBaIDUI [2] H nonyuerrmrx paClJeTHbIM rryrexr C HCrrOJTh30BaHHeM )1;BYMepHoH MO)1;emI MeTaIDUI u;HillIH)J;pHlJeCKOrO enos rrpn ero rrr.n;POB3PhIBHOM HarpYiKeHHH. Pe3YJThTaThI, rtonyuaesrue C HCrrOJTh30BaHHeM )1;BYMepHOH MO)1;emI )1;eQ?opMHpOBaIDUI, xopomo cornacyrorcs C 3KCrrepHMeHTaJThHbIMH )1;aHHbIMH )1;IDI rmrpoxoro xnacca OTHOCHTeJThHbIX TOJIII]J1H H npn Pa3JllIlIHbIX narpysxax,

h, CM 3apM 3KcrrepH- TeOpeTHlJeCIGIe )1;aHHbIe PaCXOiK.LJ;eHHe B %
~1lI MeHTaJTh- TeOpeTHlJeCKHX )1;aHHbIX
mre )1;aHHbIe C 3KCrrepHMeHTaJThHbIMH
Ee3 yuera C yneron Ee3 yuera C yneron
rexrrtepa- rexntepa- resmepa- rexmepa-
rypsr ryphI rypu rypsr
3HalJeHHe E: max %
CD ,
0,2 1 8,87 8,46 8,51 4,6 4,1
0,8 1 1,36 1,30 1,32 4,4 2,9
0,34 1 4,42 3,99 4,29 9,7 2,9
0,34 2 8,05 7,87 7,93 2,2 1,5
0,34 3 11,04 10,92 10,96 1,08 0,7
3HalJeHHe E: max %
r ,
0,2 1 0,73 0,69 0,71 5.5 2,7 TaKHM 06Pa30M, OIITHMaJThHbIM crreztyer ClJHTaTh BhI60p )1;BYMepHOH MaTeMaTH-

~ ~

lJeCKOH MO)1;emI yrrpymrtrracrrrnecxoro u;HillIH)J;pHlJeCKOrO cnon, YlJHThIBaIOIu;eH

BillI5IHHe CKOPOCTH )1;etPopMau;HH na BerrHlJHHY rrpenena rrrraCTHlJHOCTH, a raiose BillI5IHHe TeMIIepaTypHbIX Harrp5IiKeHHH.

Jlnrep a IYP a

10 Jlypr.e A.H. HeJIHHeHHaJI TeOpH5I yrrpyrocrn, Mocxaa, HaYKa, 1980. 20 Bopooscs IO.C., KOrrO)1;5I)lG{bIH A.B., CeBpIOKoB B.H., 5IHIOTHH E.r. Cxopocraoe )1;etPopMHpOBaHHe 3rreMeHTOB KOHCTP)'KIJ;IIi1. KHeB; HaYKOBa )J;YMKa, 1989. - 192 c. 30 KorrOM)lG{bIH A.B., Merna IO.B., lJepHo6phIBKO M.B. TepMOKHHeTHlJeCKHH arrarrm )1;etPopMHpOBaIDUI u;HillIH)J;pHlJeCKOrO crros KOHelJHOH )1;illIHbI rrpn OCeCHMMeTpHlJHOM HMIIYJThCHOM HarpYiKeHHH. - BecTHHK Xapsx. roc. rrOJIHTex . YH-Ta. -Xapsxos: Xrrry. - 2000. - Bsm, 106 - C.16 - 19.

IIOCTYIIH.lIaB peztsormeraro 06.09.2001

41

Y~K 539.3

HAIIPH'}I{'EHHOE COCTOHHHE MO)J;EJIH COCTABHOH EAH)J;A'}I{'HPOBAHHOH MATPHQbI )J;JIH IIOJIYrOPHqErO BbI)J;ABJIHBAHHH

C.B.Emf,ll;aph, B.11.J1aBJlHc:KfIi:i:, A.B.CTerryK

Hauuonansnuu meXl-IUt.feCKUU ynueepcumem ''XIllf'', Xapsnoe, Yxpauna

Ilpeacraanema MaTepHaJIhI ITO paspaoonce H BHe,ll;peHHIO MeTO,ll;HKH

MO,ll;errrrpoBClHJUI KOHTaKTHOrO B3aHMO,ll;eHCTBIUI 3rreMeHTOB B COCTaBHhIX

MHOrOKOMIIOHeHTHhIX 6 aH.n;aEHp OBaHHhIX MaTpHI.J;ax ,ll;JUI nonyropsnero

BhI,ll;aBJIHBaHlUI, OpHeHTHpoBaHHOH na rrprerenenne rrporpaxosnoro KOMIIJIeKCa SPACE-To

Ilonyropn-rce BhI,ll;aBJIHBaHHe MeTaJIJIOB B rpamntnomnrx cxexrax o6pa6oTKH MeTaJIJIOB ,ll;aBrreHHeM HCITOJIh3yeTC5I B OCHOBHOM ,ll;JUI QJOpMoH3MeHeHlUI 3arOTOBOK H3 BhICOKOnp01.fHhIX H MarrO,ll;eQJopMHpyeMhIX craneii.

ITPH 3Ha1.fHTerrhHhIX ITrraCTH1.feCKHX ,ll;e<i_)opMau;IUIX B 3arOTOBKe B03HHKaeT ynpo-rnemre MeTaJIJIa, rrprrsoztsrnee K ITOBhIIIIeHHIO TBep,ll;OCTH H rrpeztena TeK]'1.fecTH G T [ 1 ,2,3] . Ha pHC. 1 rrprreezternr 3KCITepHMeHTaJIhHhIe ,ll;aHHhIe 3aBHCHMOCTH HCTHHHhIX HarrpmKeHHfi: G E: OT ,ll;e<i_)0pMau;rIH s rrpn Pa3JIH1.fHhIX resmeparypax (zmarpaseaa HCTHHHhIX narrpazcennii),

ITPH ITOBhIIIIeHHH rexrrreparypu rrpOHCXO,ll;HT pasyrrpo-nrenne MeTaJIJIOB, xoropoe 06b5ICH5IeTC5I B03paCTaHHeM ITO,ll;BHIKHOCTH ,ll;eQJeKTOB KpHCTaJIJIH1.feCKOH: peIIIeTKH H rrpnaozmnrcii K peKpHCTaJIJIH3au;rIH. B COOTBeTCTBHH C 3THMH 3KCITepHMeHTaJIhHhIIvlJI ,ll;aHHhIIvlJI ztediopxermorrnoe QJOpMoH3MeHeHHe MeTaJIJIH1.feCKHX 3arOTOBOK ycnoano paaztemrx na TpH THIIa, orrpeztenaexrue ITO 3<i_)<i_)eKTaM peKpHCTaJIJIH3ill.J;HH B MeTaJIJIe 3arOTOBKH. Bsraenernrae THIIhI ,ll;e<i_)0pMHpOBaHlUI perrraxtetrrrrpyror pelKHMhI ITO,ll;rOTOBHTeJIhHOH: TepMoo6pa6OTKH 3 arOTOBOK.

Xonozmoe BhI,ll;aBJIHBaHHe (XB) COOTBeTCTByeT zmanasoay resmeparyp

TE(0,2 0,3}TIIJI, rzte TIIJI - rexnteparypa IIJIaBrreHlUI MeTaJIJIa. ITPH 3THX

resmeparypax pasyrrpo-nrenne He rrpOHCXO,ll;HT (KpHBa5I 1). Ilonyropsxee BhI,ll;aBJIHBaHHe (ITfB) MeTaJIJIH1.feCKHX 3arOTOBOK rrpOHCXO,ll;HT npn rexmeparypax TE(0,45 ... 0,55}TIIJI. B 3TOM cnyuae paaerraaromeeca pasyrrpo-menne MeTaJIJIa He 3aBepIIIaeTC5I ITOJIHOCThIO (KpHBa5I 2). 11, HaKOHeu;, ropsrree BhI,ll;aBJIHBaHHe, rrpn KOTOPOM MeTarrrr ITOJIHOCThIO pa3yrrp01.fH5IeTC5I (KpHBa5I 3) [4]. TaK, nartpmrep, rrpn ITfB 3arOTOBKH H3 crann 08 neooxonroro narpers na rexmeparypy 250 ... 300°C. ITPH 3TOM ocy:w:ecTBJUIeTC5I TeXHOrrOrH1.feCKOe 3aMeTHOe CHHlKeHHe HHTeHCHBHOCTH CHJIOBOrO B03,ll;eH:CTBHH HeITOCpe,ll;CTBeHHO Ha MaTprruy B rrpou;ecce ,ll;e<i_)0pMHpOBaHlUI 3arOTOBKH ITO CpaBHeHHIO C rrporteccoxr XB.

42

0:

0,15

0,,3

0,45

0,6

e

PIIc.I. ~IIarpa:M:M:bI IICTJIIUIbIX HaIIp5DKeHI-li1: ,ll;lliI crarm 08.

B COCTaBHbIX MaTpIII.J;ax ,ll;lliI TIrE pa60IfaJI BCTaBKa IIpII KOHTaKTe C sarorosxoli narpenaerca zto BbICOKIIX renrreparyp. E03HHKaIO:w:ee He O,ll;HOPO,ll;HOe norte rexrrteparyp IIpHBO,ll;HT K TOM)!, If TO reonerptrtecsne napasrerpsr 3neMeHTOB COCTaBHOH MaTpJIIJ;hI II3MeHillOTC5I, Bbl3bIBaJI IICKa)KeHIIe B cpopMe ,ll;eQ:J0PMIfPyeMoH 3arOTOBKH. .AHaIDI3 IIpOII3BO,ll;CTBeHHOro OIIbITa, a TaK)Ke JIHTepaTypHbIX ,ll;aHHbIX [ 4, 5] noxasan, If TO O,ll;HH II3 paCIIpOCTpaHeHHbIX TeXHOnOrHIfHbIX cnocoooa oxnaxztemra 3aKJI1OIfaeTC5I B CHH)KeHHII rexrrteparypu HapY)KHOH rtonepxnocrn MaTpJIIJ;hI. E 3TOM crry-rae B03HHKaIOT 60JIbIIllie rpaanerrrtr rexrrteparypnoro nona, II KaK, Cne,ll;CTBIIe sroro, pesxoe II3MeHeHHe HaIIp5I)KeHHOrO COCT05IHIN B TOIfKax BH)'TpeHHeH noaepxnocrn pa60IfeH BCTaBKH. Oxnaaotenne )Ke HerrOCpe,ll;CTBeHHO BH)'TpeHHeH pa60IfeH rtosepxnocrn pa60IfeH BCTaBKH BbI3bIBaeT B03HHKHOBeHHe 3HaIfHTeJIbHbIX paCT5IrHBaIOrn:HX OKpY)KHbIX HaIIp5I)KeHI-li1: B TOIfKax na ee rronepxnocrn.

PaCCMOTpHM COCTaBH)'lO 6aH,ll;a~OBamryro xrarprnty ,ll;lliI TIrE

OCeCHMMeTpH1fHbIX zteranett. reOMeTpH1feCKHe napauerpu II yrrpyrne

XapaKTepIICTHKH MaTepIIarroB CTPYKTYPHbIX 3neMeHTOB MaTpJIIJ;hI rtprrsezterrsr B Ta6JIIII.J;e 1.

Monem, ,ll;aHHoro THIIa COCTaBHOH 6aH,ll;a~OBaHHOH MaTpJIIJ;hI B xrracce

CTPYKTYPHO CB5I3aHHbIX MeXaHH1feCKIIX CIICTeM [ 6] COCT05IJIa II3

B3aHMO,ll;eHcTByrorn:HX O,ll;HOPO,ll;HbIX II30TPOIIHbIX oceCHMMeTpH1fHbIX Ten,

orpamrremrsrx KOHH1feCKHMH II u;rIillIH,ll;pH1feCKHMH rroBepXHOCT5IMH. CTPYKTYPHbIe 3neMeHTbI CIICTeMbI MO,ll;e1IHpoBaIDI 3 arOTOB:&y, pa601fYJO BCTaB:&y II KOM6HHHpOBaHHbIH 6aH,ll;a)K, BbIrrOJIHeHHbIH B BH,ll;e CerMeHTHOrO KOJIbua, 6aH,ll;a)Ka

43

H o6o:fi:rvJ::br. Mexory CeI'MeHTHbIM KOJThU;OM H 6i1If,ll;a)KOM rra COrrpHKaCaIOIIlJIXC5[ KOHJ11IeCKfIX IIOBepXHOCT5IX neztena MO,ll;eJTh KOHTaKTHOrO Crr05[ 6e3 CKOJTh)KeHH5I,

~ ~

yrIHThIBaIO:w:erO B03HHKaIOm:HH rrpn aarrpeccoaxe MaTpHIJ;hI IIepBOHaL£aJThHbIH

HaT5Ir. BHeIIIfUI5I IIOBepXHOCThIO pa6oL£efi: BCTaBKH BhIIIOJIHeHa B BH,ll;e ,ll;BYXCTOpOHHerO yce-rennoro KOHYCa C MeHbIIII-J1...iH OCHOBaHH5IMH na ropuax, AHarrOrHL£Ha5I xroztern, KOHTaKTHOrO Crr05[ 6hIJIa BBe,ll;eHa na IIOBepXHOCDIX B3aHMO,ll;efi:cTBH5I Me)K)J;y paootreii BCTaBKOfi: H CeI'MeHTHbIM KOJThU;OM, BHYTpeHH5I5I IIOBepXHOCTh KOTOpOrO BhIIIOJIHeHa B BH,ll;e OTBeTHofi: KOHJ11IeCKofi: IIOBepXHOCTH. Ha rpanrrue pasztena BHYTPeHHefi: IIOBepXHOCTH pa6oL£efi: BCTaBKH H ,ll;eQJOpMHpyeMofi:

3arOTOBKH BBO,ll;HITC5[ KOHTaKTHblfi: crrofi: BTOpOrO THIIa, MO,ll;elIHpYIOm:HH

tPPI1KI1JIOHHOe KOHTaKTHOe B3aHMO,ll;eHCTBHe IIO 3aKOHY Kynona. Meaoty KOHJ11IeCKHMH IIOBepXHOCT5IMH 060:fi:rvJ::bI H 6i1If,ll;a)Ka KOHTaKTHblfi: cnoii rpersero THIIa MO,ll;elIHpOBarr KOHTaKT Me)K)1;y 3THMH IIOBepXHOCT5IMH IIO,ll; ,ll;eHCTBHeM CHIT 3aT 5[)KKH MaTpHu;e,ll;ep)KaTeJI5I.

Ta6JIHu;a lHcxoznrsrc ,ll;aHHhle
r eotaerprrrecxne XapaKTepHCTHKH:
;;En ;;En ;;En ;;E ;;En ;;En ;;E" ;;E" n
;;E '"
<D 0 tt 0
0 <D ;; ~ II:
"",:r !<J ......:l 0 <D Ol 0J <D
ro r:l <D <D 0 0J s
<:J ......:l <:J ......:l ~ ~ ~ ~ ;j ;j 0
00 00
N 00 Vl Vl '-0 t--- Vl
<0 ........ <0 N <0 ........ ........ N ("f'l <0
<0 <0 <0 <0 <0 <0 <0 <0 <0 t--- Vl ........
cDH3HL£eCKHe XapaKTepHCTHKH:
g CTPYKTYPHblfi: Marepnan E, MTIa V errexrerrr
1 3arOTOBKa CT45 2.105 0,3
2 Pa6.BCTaBKa BK20 2.105 0,33
3 CeI'M.KOJThU;O 35XrCA 2,1.105 0,31
4 B nenr. 6i1If,ll; a)K 35XrCA 2,1.105 0,31
5 060fiMa 40X 1,9.105 0,27 HH)KHHe KOJThu;eBhle oorracrn CeI'MeHTHOrO KOJThu;a H 6i1If,ll;a)Ka IIIapHHpHo 3aKpeIIJI5IJIHCh: U z =0, rrpn R61:s; r :s; R62. Ha rterrrparrr.rroii OCH, B CB5[3H C ocesoit CHMMeTpHefi:, rpamrnure ycrrOBH5I BhI6paHhI B BH,ll;e: U, =0, rrpn .6.L :s; z :s; L3a, +~L.

~efi:cTBHe QJOpMOH3MeH5IIO:w:efi: narpyasn na 3arOTOBKY P "e~ MO,ll;elIHpOBaJIH tPHKCHpOBaHHhle IIepeMe:w:eHH5I nepxneii IIJIOCKOCTH 3arOTOBKH: Uz=O,OOIM npn

*

0< r < RBH. AHarrOrHL£HO MO,ll;elIHpOBaJIHCh CHJThI 3aT5[)KKH MaTpHu;e,ll;ep)KaTeJI5I

r.,

44

B IIpI1JNTbIX YCJIOBIDIX CTau;rIOHapHbIH pe)l(fllv1 narpyzsemer MaTpIIIJ;bI COOTBeTCTBOBarr crry-raro rexrneparyprtoro pe)l(fllv1a: B ro-ncax BHYTpeHHeH IIOBepXHOCTH pa60lfeH BCTaBKH resrneparypu pasna T = 300 ac, B romcax BHeIIIHeH IIOBepXHOCTb 060ftMnI na y-racrxe HoXJI reurreparypa panna T = 20 "C.

C HCIIOJIb30BaHHeM OCeCHMMeTpHlfHblx KOHelfHblX 3JIeMeHTOB B KOMIIJIeKCe SP ACE- T [ 6] CtPopMHpOBaHa K3 - MO,lJ;eJIb COCTaBHOH 6aH,lJ;a~OBaHHOH KOHHlfeCKOH MaTpIIIJ;bI ,lJ;IDI TIrE OCeCHMMeTpHlfHblx ,lJ;eTarreH, IIpHBe,lJ;eHHaJI rra pnc.Z. TIo peIIIeHIllO 3a.n;alfH TerrrroIIpoBO,lJ;HOCTH IIpH H,lJ;earrbHOM renrronoxr KOHTaKTe Me)K,lJ;y cOIIpHKaCaIOIIlJIMHC5[ IIoBepXHOCT5£MH CTPYKTYPHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB MO,lJ;eJIH MaTpIIIJ;bI BbIlfHCIDIJIH snanenrer Y3JIOBbIX resmeparyp B IIpI1JNTOH KOHelfHO-3JIeMeHTHOH MO,lJ;eJIH.

CK:3 l- [0 LEma

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1. CTOpO)KeB M.B., ITOIIOB E.A. Teopns 06pa60TKH MeTaJIJIOB ,ll;aBJIeHHeM.-4-e H3,ll;. - M.: Manrmrocrpoetrne, 1977. - 423c. 2. TpeTb5IKoB A.B., Tpo<pHMOB r.K., 3I03HH B.H. MeXaHJIIIeCKHe csoiicrsa MeTarrJIOB H CIIJIaBOB rrpn 06pa60TKe ,ll;aBJIeHHeM. - M.: Maunmocrpoerme, 1964. - 22 3c. 3. XOJIO,ll;Ha5I 06beMHa5I IIITaMIIOBKa: Cnpaeo-nmx I ITO,ll; pea.I'A. Haeponxoro. - M.: MaIIIHHOCTpOeHHe, 1973. - 496c. 4. EBcTpaToB B.A. OCHOBbI TeXHOJIOrnH BbI,ll;aBJIHBaHlliI H KOHCTPYHPOBaHlliI IIITaMIIOB. - Xapsxoa: Bmna IIIKOJIa, 1987. - 144c. 5. T OJIOBHH B.A. AKTYaJIbHbIe rrp06JIeMbI XOJIO,ll;HOll H rro.ryrops-reii 06beMHOll IIITaMIIOBKH II KY3HelfHO-IIITaMIIOBOe rrpOH3BO,ll;CTBO. - 1985. -NQ 8. -C.34-36. 6. EOH)J;apb C.B., 3y6aTbIll C.C., Knpxau E.H., JIaBHHCKHll B.H. Ilporpaseamrtt KOMIIJIeKC SPACET ,ll;IDI pememrs repxroyrtpyrormacrrorecxnx KOHTaKTHbIX 3a)J;alf II Pecrryon, Me)KBe,ll;. HaYlfH.-TeXH. C60pH. ")::(HHaIvlJIKa H rrpo-nrocrr, MaIIIHH". - Xapsxon:

XrITY, 2000. -BMII.57. -C.24-34.

IIOCTYIIHJIaB pezisonnermo 03.09.2001

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B.B. EOPTOBOll, )::(.B. JIaBHHCKHll

Hauuonansuuii mexnuuecruii yuueepcumem "XIIH", Xapuxoe, YKpauHa

The text in question deals with stress-strain analysis for technological operation of connection of two thin-wall constructions. The construction are modeled by two cylindrical shells. One of them is oriented in vertical direction, another - in horizontal. Horizontal shell is loaded by uniform internal normal pressure. The finite element method (FEM) is numerical one of solution. The FEM program complex COSMOS/M is mean of solution. The deformed shape of construction and plots of displacements and stress intensity is presented. It is shown that uniform pressure is unsuccessful for required technological conditions.

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48

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B ,ll;aHHGn paoore paCCMaTpJIBaeTC5I 3a)J;aLfa CGBMeCTHGrG KGHTaKTHGrG ,ll;e<i_)GpMHpGBaHJI5I zrsyx TGHKGCTeHHbIX I..01JIIIff.lJ;pJILfeCKfIX G6GrrGLfeK, rrepeceKaIOrn:HXC5I IIG,ll; yrnor« 90°, xoropsre I1MI1THpYIOT ycrrGBJI5I TeXHGrrGrJILfeCKGn GIIepau;JIJI IIG IIGrryLIeHHIO rrpeCCGBGrG CGe,ll;JIHeHJI5l. Cnezryer GTMeTJITb, LfTG B peam.mrx KGHCTP)'KIJ;fUIX penxo BCTpeLfaIOTC5I CGe,ll;JIHeHJI51 I..01JIIIff.lJ;pa C u;HJIJIH,ll;pGM, ropasno 6Grree pacrrpocrparterru KGM6JIHau;JIJI: u;HJIJIH)J;P - KGpG6LfaTa5I (rrp5IMGyrGlThHa5I JIJIJI rpeyronsrraa B nnane) G6GrrGLfKa JIJIJI KGpG6LfaTa5I G6GrrGLfKa - KGpG6LfaTa5I G6GrrGLfKa. HG paCCMOTpeHJI51 ,ll;Byx I..01JIIIff.lJ;pJILfeCKfIX G6GrrGLfeK IIG3BGJI5leT G6HapY)KJITb nee 3aKGHGMepHGCTJI, HMeIOIIlJ1e MeCTG rrpn KGHTaKTHGM ,ll;e<i_)GpMHpGBaHJIJI, JI rrpn 3TGM JI36e)KaTb TPY,ll;HGCTen, CB5I3aHHbIX C YLIeTGM KGHu;eHTpaTGpGB Harrp5l)KeHHH, HMeIOrn:HXC5I B KGpG6LfaTGn KGHCTpYKIJ;I1I1. 3a)J;aLfa 0. CGBMeCTHGM ,ll;eQJGpMHpGBaHJIJI ,ll;Byx I..01JIIIff.lJ;pJILfeCKfIX G6GrrGLfeK MG)KeT pacCMaTpJIBaTbC5I KaK MG,ll;elThHa5I, JI rra GCHGBaHJIJI IIGITYLfeHHbIX pe3YlThTaTGB MOIyr 6bITb cQJGPMYJIJIPGBaHbI G6IIlJ1e 3aKGHGMepHGCTJI rtponecca CGe,ll;JIHeHJI5l, KGTGpbIe 3aTeM MGryT G6G6ru:aTbc5I na ztpyrne TJIIIbI KGHCTpYKIJ;I1I1. Pe3YlThTaTGM peIIIeHJI51

49

33)J;alfH ,ll;OJDKHO 6bITI:. rro.rynemre KapUIHhI Harrp5lEeHHO-,ll;etPOpMHpOBaHHOrO COCT051HH51 KOHCTP)'KIJ;HlI, TaKEe ITO no.ryreamrsr pe3YJIbTaTaM neooxoznoso cztenars BbIBO,ll; 0 pacrrpeztenemrn rrOKaJIbHbIX ,ll;etPOpMau;rrfi: B 30He KOHTaKTa B oconovxe, HarpYEeHHOH BH)'TpeHHHM ztannenner«, H na OCHOBaHHH 3TOrO 0 u;erreC006pa3HOCTH HCITOJIb30BaHH5I TOH HJIH HHOH tP0PMDI BHeIIIHerO HarpYEeHH51.

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33)J;alfa pernanacr. C ITOMOII.U>IO rrporpaxenroro KO:MIIJIeKCa COSMOS/M [2]. 060rrOlfKH MO,ll;errrrpOBaJIHCb xerupexyanomnm rrrracrmorartrvn KOHelfHbIMH 3rreMeHTaMH SHELL4 fi nrecrr.ro CTeITeH5IMH CBo60,ll;bI B ysne. 1f3-3a CHMMeTpHH KOHCTpYKIJ;HOHHo-reOMeTpHlfecKHX ITapaMeTpOB H ycnosnn HarpYEeHH51 H saxpermenas MO)KHO OrpaHHlfHTbC5I paCCMOTpeHHeM 1/8 lfaCTH KOHCTP)'KUJifI.

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Ha pHC. 3 rrpencraaneno pacrtpenerrenne tP:yHKU;fIH rrporn6a B,ll;OJIb ocpasyromeit rOpH30HTaJIbHOH ooonomor. ~aHHble na rpadmxe rtonrsepxnaror BbIBO,ll;bI, cnenamrue BblIIIe, xacarorrmeca ,ll;etPopMHpOBaHHOrO COCT05IHllH. TaK)Ke crreztyer OTMeTHTb, LITO BeJIHLIHHbI no.ry-remrux paCLIeTHbIX nepenenrenrm cornacyrorca C rrpHH5ITbIMH ,ll;orrym:eHH5IMH 0 MaJIbIX nepenemennnx (T.K. MaKCHMarrbHbIH pe3YJIbTaT MHoro MeHbilie romrrmrsr 060rrOLIKH), LITO CBI1,ll;eTeJIbCTByeT 0 KOppeKTHOCTH rtonyaerrrrsrx pesyrrs TaTOB.

51

~aJIee, paCCMOTpHM pe3YJThTaTbI ITO Harrp5DKeHHOMY COCTOillIIllO KOHCTp)'KUI1JI. Ha pHC. 4 rrpencraaneno pacrrpeztenenne HOPMaJThHbIX Harrp5DKeHIIii ITO JIHHHH KOHTaKTa. ~aHHa5I 3aBHCHMOCTb ITOKa3bIBaeT, If TO ITO sceti JIHHHH KOHTaKTa narrpnzcenrer OTPIIIJ;aTeJThHble, a 3HaIfHT B rrpouecce ,lJ;e<i_)0pMHpOB8.HlUI He rrpOHCXO,lJ;HT OTpbIBa, H

~ ~

O,lJ;HO H3 yc.rosnn ,lJ;OCTH)Kemrn u;eJIH TeXHOrrOTIfIIeCKOH OITepau;HH BbIITOlllUIeTC5I.

o

0,25

0 • .5

0,.7.5

PHC. 4. Pacrtpeztenemre KOHTaKTHbIX ,lJ;aBrreHHH B,lJ;OJTh rrHHHH KOHTaKTa

rJS

1

O~ __ ~~ ~ ~ ~xnf_·._·

n 0,25 01,5 0.75 1

PHC. 5. Pacrrpe,lJ;erreHHeHHTeHCHBHOcTH Harrp5l)KeHIIii B,lJ; OJTh 06Pa3YIOIllerr rOpH30HTaJThHOrr otonousn

I1PH ITOCrre,lJ;)'IOIIIeM aHaJIH3e ,lJ;JI5I yrtpyro-nnacrrrrecsoro rtonezterrna MaTepHaJIa KOHCTPYKIJ;HH KpHTepHeM nauana ITrraCTHIfHOCTH BbI6HpaeTC5I xprrrepnii Mnscca, KaK namionee ,lJ;OCTOBepHo OIIHCbIBaIOIIIHfi rrponeccst ,lJ;ecpopMHpOB8.HlUI H30TpoIIHoro MaT epnana , a Crre,lJ;OBaTeJThHO nanoonee Ba)KHOrr BeJIHIfHHOrr npn aHaJIH3e narrpaxemroro COCT05IIDUI5IBJI5leTC5I HHTeHCHBHOCTb narrpszsemrti. Ha pHC. 5 rrpnnezren rparpnx 3aBHCHMOCTH HHTeHCHBHOCTH HarrpmKeHIIii OT ,lJ;JIHHbI 06pa3YIDIIIerr rOpH30HTaJThHOrr oriormvror.

Tpadmx na pHC. 5 CBH,lJ;eTeJThCTByeT 0 TOM, If TO KOHeIfHa5I uens rexnonoTIfIIeCKOrr OITepau;HH npn HCITOJTh30BaHHH paarronepno pacrrpeztenemroro ,lJ;aBrremrn ,lJ;OCTJ1I'HYTa He 6Y,lJ;eT. MaKCHMaJThHa5I HHTeHCHBHOCTb Harrp5l)KeHIIii Ha6mo,lJ;aeTC5I B Torr )Ke 30He, rzte MaKCHMaJIbHblrr rrporn6 (CM. pHC. 3), rrptrrexr 3,lJ;eCb HHTeHCHBHOCTb Harrp5l)KeHIIii rrprrsreptro B ,lJ;Ba pasa BbIIIIe, IfeM B oonacrn KOHTaKTa, T.e. HMeHHO B 3TOH 30He C YBeJIHIfeHHeM narpyasrr HHTeHCHBHOCTb nanps)KeHIIii ,lJ;OCTHrHeT rrpenena TeK)'1fecTH pam.me, IfeM B oonacrn KOHTaKTa.

TaKHM 06Pa30M, rrpn ,lJ;aJIbHefirneM HCCrre,lJ;OBaHHH narrpaxeano-netpopxmpOBaHHOrO COCT05IIDUI pearrsrrtrx KOHCTP)'KIJ;fI:H: ITO,lJ;06HOrO THIIa BMeCTO paBHOMepHoro pacrrpenerrerrnoro arryrperrnero ,lJ;aBrremrn Heo6xo,lJ;HMo paccvarpnaart,

52

060rr01fKH C MaKCn::rvryrvt:OM B rrOKaJIbHOH 30He KOHTaKTa, JI.JIH paBHOMepHOe ztanneIDle, rrpmroxemron HerrOCpe,ll;CTBeHHO B 30He KOHTaKTa.

Jlnrep a IYP a

1. PaKOIillII..l; r. C. 3 rreKTpOIIMIIYJIbCHa5I IIITaMIIOBKa: Y 1fe6. nocoone ,ll;JN ITTY. M.: BbICIIIa5I mxona, 1990. - 191 c. 2. M.Lashkari, Ph.D. COSMOS/M User Guide. Stress, Vibration, Buckling, Dynamics, and Heat Transfer Analyses (Release Version 1.52). - S.R.A.C. - Santa Monica, California, 1988. - 231p.

IIOCTYIIHnaB peztsonnermo 12.09.2001

Y~K 71.027

KOJIEEAHHa KA TYIIIEK KAHATO BblOIIJ;HX MAIIIHH A.H. EOXOHCKHll, E.B .XpOMOB

Ceeacmononscsuii eocyoapcmeennuu meXHUtfeCKUU yuueepcumem, Ykpauna

Investigate torsion oscillations in act of twist ropes ofropeweving machines

CrrO)l{HbIH xapaxrep CMeIIIaHHbIX KpYTIIJIbHbIX xoneoaarrii IIHTaIOllIJ1X KaTYIIIeK rrpn nepexrorxe rrposonox JIH60 CBHBKe rrpazteii II KaHaTOB na KaHaTOBbIOllIJ1X MaIIIHHax ooycnoanen PMOM rrpH1fHH [1]: HeCOBrra)J;eIDIeM u;eHTpOB Macc KaTYIIIeK C OC.lIMH HX BPaIIJ:eHIUI, HaJIH1fIIeM cnn TpeHIUI, II3MeHeIDIeM trexoropsrx reoMeTpH1feCKIIX II QJII3H1feCKIIX napaxrerpos CIICTeMbI B rrpouecce CBHBKH (nartpnnep, rrpn CMaTbIBaHHH rrpoaonoror JI.JIH rrpsnn C KaTYIIIKH), CJIY1faHHbIMH QJaKTOPaMH.

B ,ll;aHHOH paoorc BblrrOJIHeHbI IICCrre,ll;OBa.HIUI CBo6o,ll;HbIX II BbIHY)l{)J;eHHbIX KpYTIIJIbHbIX Korre6aHHil rrHHeilHoH CIICTeMbI IIHTaIOllIJ1X KaTYIIIeK KaHaTOBbIOIIJ:eH MaIIIHHbI C KOHe1fHbIM 1fIICrrOM creneneit csooonsr 6e3 y-rera cnn corrporrrenemer (CM. PIICYHOK).

IK

KBIH8T

'1

+-r-----~~~==~t±I~~~~~

_1 __ 1-

Xo,

11

Cxesra pacrtorroxemta IIHTaIOllIJ1X KaTYIIIeK KaHaTOBbIOIIJ:eH MaIIIHHbI

53

~HtPQJepeHIJ;HaJThHble ypaenermn, OillICbIBlliOIIlJ1e cnocoamre KpYTHJThHble xone- 6amrn xarymex orono rrorrOiKemrn KBil3HCTanfIIeCKoro paBHOBeCIDI, 3arrHCbIBlliOTC5I crre,llJ11OIIlJIM 06Pil30M:

d2~k/ _ .

I, 1 dt ' - -c k( CPkrk - xo) cos ukrk, k = 1, ... , n:

(1)

rne Ik - tPH3WIec:ECJIi:i MOMeHT mreprnrn k-ii KaTyrrIKH OTHOCHTeJThHO ren npantenrrsr; d 2~k/ dt ' - yrnosoe YCKopeHHe KaTyrrIKH; C, = EFk/lk K03QJQJrm;rreHT iKeCTKOCTH k-It rrpaan na yuacrxe OT MeCTa cxona C KaTyrrIKH .n;o cevemor 1-1, B KOTOPOM ocyr_u:ecTBJI5IeC5I CBHBKa rrpMerr B KaRaT; E - MO)1yJTh ynpyrocrn rtepsoro

pona; F, = 1[d~ /4 - rtrrornazts norrepe-nroro cenemrs rrpsnrr; d, - zmasrerp rrpazm; l, - .n;JIHHa rrpnznr OT KaTyrrIKH zto cenerraa 1-1; ~k - yrorr nosopora KaTyrrIKH OTHOCHTeJThHO c06CTBeHHorr OCH B rrpouecce Korre6aHHli oxono nonoacenns KBil3HCTaTWIeCKoro paBHOBeCIDI; fk - paznryc HaMOTKH rrpann, KOTOPbIH rrpHH5IT rrOCT05IHHbIM .n;JI5I Marroro rrpOMeJKYTKa BpeMeHH, na KOTOPOM Hccrre,llJ11OTC5I KpYTHJThHble Korre6amrn xaryurex; Xo - rtepexremerrrre ce-remrs 1-1 xanara B CB5I3H C rrpO.n;OJThHbIMH .n;eQJopMau;H5IMH rrpsneii xarrara (CM. PHCYHOK 1); n - IfHcrro creneneii cB060.n;bI CHCTeMbI.

Y cnosne CTaTWIeCKoro paBHOBeCIDI ynacrxa xanara B oxpecrnocrn ceuenns 1-1 3aJIHCbIBaeTC5I KaK:

n

Coxo = L C k( ~krk - xo) cos Uk} (2)

k=l

rzte Co - 0606:w:eHHblrr K03tPtPrm;rreHT iKeCTKOCTH rrpaneii, CBHTbIX B KaHaT B ceuennn 1-1; Uk - yrorr CBHBKH. K03QJQJrm;rreHT iKeCTKOCTH Co MOiKeT 6bITb

naiiaea reoperrrrecxn HJIH 3KCrrepHMeHTaJThHo. PeIIIaeMa5I 3a.n;aIfa CTaTWIeCKH neorrpezte.rrora, HO ycnosrre COBMeCTHOCTH .n;etPopMau;rIH B BH)J;e paBeHCTBa rrepessenrenroi ncex KOHu;OB npaneii B ceuennn 1-1 eCTeCTBeHHbIM 06pil30M pacspunaer cTaTWIecK)'IO neonpeztemorocn, CHCTeMbI.

ITocrre orrpeztenemra x, H3 (2) H rro.n;CTaROBKH B (1) crreztyer CHCTeMa O.n;HOPO.n;HbIX .n;HtPQJepeHIJ;HaJThHbIX ypaancrnrii:

n

L Ck~krk cos Uk k -I

~krk - n

Co + L c, COSUk

k - l

C u;eJThIO aRaJIHTWIeCKOrO orrpenerrenna IfaCTOT C06CTBeHHbIX Korre6aHHli H aMIIJIHTy.n; BbIHYiK.LJ;eHHbIX rconeoarraii CHCTeMbI xarynrex (rrpn n = 6) C HCrrOJTh30- BaHHeM KOMIIbIOTepHOrr anreopsr paCCMOTpHM IfaCTHblrr cnysaii, .n;JI5I xoroporo O.n;HHaKOBbI K03QJtPrm;rreHTbI iKeCTKOCTH rrpaaeii, paztnycu HaBHBKH H COOTBeTCTBeHHO QJH3WIeCKHe MOMeHTbI rnteprmn:

I d2~k =-C

k dt ' k

k = 1, ... , n;

(3)

54

r1 = r2 = rk = rn = r;

11 = 12 = Ik = In = I;

B 3TOM crry-rae H3 (3) cneztyer CHCTeMa ypaerrcnnii:

d ' v / n

'-Pi dt2 = ao, + b?: '-Pi; i +- k;

1=1

(4)

k = 1, ... , n,

(5)

rzte a = ( C2r2 cos Uk _ cr2J ~; b = C2r2 cos Uk .

Co + nC cos Uk / J (Co + nC cos uk)1

ITocrre JIO.n;CTaHOBKfI lfaCTHhlX peIIIeIII1:ii '-Pk = Ak sin( At + 8) B (5) H rrpeo6pa- 30BaHJIi1: nonynena CHCTeMa JIHHe:H:H::bIX O.n;HOPO.n;HhIX anreoparrrecxrrx ypaaacanii, ycnoane cymecraoaanrer nenyneeoro peIIIeHlUI KOTOPOH (nammne xoneoanaii) rrpHBO.n;HT K orrpezternrremo

alb + A2 1 1 1 1 1

1 al b + A2 1 1 1 1

1 1 alb + A2 1 1 1

1 1 1 alb + A2 1 1

1 1 1 1 alb + A2 1

1 1 1 1 1 alb + A2

=0

,

(6)

r.n;e A2 = co2/b .

ITocrre pacxpsrrna orrpeaernrrena (6) xapaxrepncrrrtecxoe ypanrrenne .n;JUI orrpeztenerrrcr KBa.n;paTOB lfaCTOT co6CTBeHHhIX Korre6aHJIi1: rrpmrnxraer BH,ll;:

L6 + 6ar: + lS(a2 - b2)L4 + (20a3 - 60ab2 + 40b3)L3 + +(120ab3 + l Sa" - 90a2b2 - 4Sb4)L2 +

+(6aS - 60a3b2 - 90ab4 + 120a2b3 + 24bS)L-4Sa2b4 -lSa4b2 + 24abs + a'' - Sbo + 40a3b3 = 0

,

(7)

rzte L = co2•

H3 (7) orrpenenarorca xsaztparu lfaCTOT co6CTBeHHhIX Korre6aHJIi1::

(8)

TaKHM 06Pa30M, B crry-rae CHMMeTpHH B pacnonozcennn O.n;HHaKOBbIX KaTYIIIeK (BbIJIOJIHeHlUI ycnosrrit (4)) lfaCTOTbI, KpoMe O.n;HOH, panrrst Me)l()1;y C060H. TaKa5I 3aKOHOMepHOCTb nacmonaerca npn rrpOH3BOJIbHOM TI. ITPH 3TOM OTJIH1fHa5I OT ztpyrnx -racrora orrpeztenserca JIO QJoPMYrre:

55

C, = C, = ... C; = ... Cn = C; CPn = -CoCrl/I(Co + 6C).

(9)

Orrpeztemnr aJ..ffiillITY,ll;bI BbIHY)I(,ll;eHHbIX Korre6aJII-lii xarynrex, ooycnoancnnuc 3KCu;eHTpHCllTeTaMJI u;eHTpOB Macc xaryrrrex IIO ornonrenmo K OC5I1vI BPaIIJ:eHIUI. Heccxozneao OTMeTllTb, ,ll;alKe C ynIeTOM ycnoanii (4) H paBeHCTBa 3KCu;eHTpHCHTeTOB y ncex xaryrnex rrprr n = 6 B03HHKaIOT cymecraennue aHamITWIeCKHe TPY,ll;HOCTH rrpn CHMBOJIbHOM pememm CHCTeMbI JIHHeHHbIX anreopanxecxnx ypaBHeHHfi C HCIIOJIb30BaHHeM KOMIIbIOTepHOH anrcopsr. )_::(aJIbrne rrprreo.nrrca aHaillITWIeCKOe pemenne rrpn n = 3. I'apnomrsecsoe B03,ll;eHCTBHe rrpHH5lTO B BH,ll;e:

1;(t) = D sin At,

(10)

rzte D = erngjI; e - 3KCu;eHTpHCllTeT; ill - Macca xaryrrrsn; g - YCKopeHHe CHITbI T51lKeCTH; I - MOMeHT mreprunr xarymxn OTHOCllTeJIbHO OCH BPaIIJ:eHIUI.

Ilocne IIO,ll;CTaHOBKH L£aCTHblX pemennii B (5) H rrpeoopaaoaannii CHCTeMa anreopamecxnx ypaenerrrrit ,ll;JI5[ orrpeztenerrns aMIIJIllTY,ll; BbIHYlK,ll;eHHbIX xorreoaHHfi3aIIHIIIeTC51 KaK:

( a + Al )Al + bAl + bA3 = - D, bAl + ( a + Al )Al + bA3 = - D, bAl + bAl + ( a + Al )A3 = - D. 113 (11) aJ..ffiillITY,ll;bI Korre6aJII-lii HaxO,ll;5lTC51 aHamITWIeCKH C HCIIOJIb30BaHHeM

(11)

KOMIIbIOTepHOH anreopu:

(Co + 3C)ID

Al = A2 = A3 = A = (12)

(CCof + A?ICo - 3~_2IC)f·

ECITH rrpmerrs Co = 3C, TO:

A = 2DI/( Cr - 2A1I)r . (13)

CHCTeMa (11) II03BOJI5[eT naxoztrrrr, aHamITWIeCKOe petrremre B L£aCTHblX Crry-q35IX, xorna 3KCu;eHTpHCllTeT HMeeT MeCTO Y O,ll;HOH xarynnor HJIH zrsyx xarymex.

LIHcrreHHbIH aHaJIH3 BbIIIOJIHeH rrpn cneztytounrx HCXO,ll;HbIX ,ll;aHHbIX:

F = 23,93 MM2; I = 44,28 Kr·M2; paCCT05[HJUI OT xarymex ,ll;0 CeL£eHJI5I 1-1 COOTBeTCTBeHHO 2 M, 4 M, 6 M, 8 M, 10M, 12 M; ,ll;HaMeTp rrpMH d = 6,2 MM; OJ = 2,1 P ao]c ; Macca xarynrsn ill = 760,8 xr; r = 0,8 M; n = 6. B ,ll;aHHOM crry-rae

CHCTeMa ypaencnni! (BBH,ll;Y ee rpOM03,ll;KOCTH 3,ll;eCb He npnsomrrca) He orinanaer CHMMeTpHeH H aHaillITWIeCKOe pernenne CB513aHO C rpOM03,ll;KHMH npeoopa- 30BaHH5I1vIH, xoropsre rrposeztemr C HCIIOJIb30BaHHeM CHCTeM KOMIIbIOTepHOH anreopsr, HO, cnezryer OTMeTllTb, L£TO ,ll;JI5[ rrpaKTWIeCKHX pacneron H B HaCT05IIIJ;ee BpeM5[ L£HcrreHHoe pernemre rrpeztrrotrrrrrern.tro [2, 3]. YpaBHeHHe ,ll;JI5[ orrpezte.rerrna xsazrparon L£aCTOT HMeeT BH,ll;:

56

'A6 - 98602,301'A5 - 36442,6392 .105 'A4 - 64981,9433 ·109'A3 + +58628,4633 . Hy3 'A2 - 24762,9757 .1018 'A + 35476,1945 . 1~9 = 0, (14)

rzte 'A = Cl)2.

VI =8,3921 rtf; v2 =15,1780 rtf; V3 =16,9090 rtf; v4 =19,3597 rtf; V5 =23,3040 rtf; V6 =31,4193 rtf·

.AJ..mmrry,n;bI BbIHYlK,ll;eHHbIX Korre6aHIIfl: xarynrex (B YCHlHoBHBIIIeMC5[ pe)l{l{Me):

Al = 0,0073 pao; A2 = 0,0055 pao; A3 = 0,0058 pao; A4 = 0,0065 pao; A5 = 0,0055 pao; A6 = 0,0066 pao.

(15)

~HlIaMIfIIeCKfIe ,n;06aBKfI K CTaTIfIIeCKHM yCHJIH5IM HaT5[)Kemrn rrpaaeii, xoropsre BJllUllOT na KaLIeCTBO naroromeana xanara, orrpe,n;eIDIIOTC5[ KaK

8N~ = EF;( . 81k,

(16)

rzte 81k - ,n;HlIaMIfIIeCKfIe y,n;mrnemrn rrpzztrr.

Pa3pa60TaHHa5I Mo,n;eJTh OIIHCaHH5I Korre6aHIIfl: xarymex KaHaTOBbIOIu:eH MaIIIIIHbI II03BOJI5IeT ynecn, KOHCTp)'KTHBHbIe ocoeenuocru KaHaTOBbIOIu:eH MaIIIIIHbI H MeXaHIfIIeCKfIe CBoHcTBa CBHBaeMbIX 3rreMeHTOB xarrara rrpn npone,n;eHHH HH)I(eHepHbIx pacveron.

Jlnrep a IYP a

1. EOXOHCKHii A.H., XPOMOB E.B. AHarrH3 xoneriarem.rrsrx rrporteccon rrpn rrepeMOTKe ,n;JIHHHOMepHbIX H3,n;eITHH. OIITHMH3au;H5I rrpomnozrcrnemnrx rrpoueccon. BecTHHK CeBrTY, BbIII. 3. - CeBaCTOIIOJTh, 2000. - C.70-73. 2. THMOIIIeHKO C.IT., 5IHr ~.X., YHBep Y. Korre6aHH5I B HH)I(eHepHOM ,n;erre. - M: MaIIIHHOCTpOeHHe, 1985. - 472 c. 3. BH6pau;HH B TeXHHKe: CrrpaBOLIHHK. B 6-TH T. - T. 1. Korre6aHH5I mrneiinsrx CHCTeM. Ilozi pen, B. B. Bonornna. - M.: Mamrurocrpoenne, 1978. - 352 c.

IIOCTYIIH.TIaB peztsonnermo 19.09.2001

Y~K 631.3: 752.004.5

rPA<I>OAHA.JIIITIIQECKIIE METO)1;bI BIIIiPAQIIOHHOrO )1;IIArHOCTIIPOBAHIIHTPAKTOPA

I'oaopymemco H.5I., Mrrram, B.~.

XITYCX, Xapsxoe, YKpauHa

Project level egtimation metodology and teclmical state alterelation egtimation metodology of tractors based on vibration level are founded. The vibration is uniform extending criterion of availability index of product at projection, operational development, manufacture, maintenance and repair.

57

Cym:eCTB)lIOIIlJ1e MeTO,ll;bl rrporrrosrrponanns KaIfeCTBa rrpoexrrrposanna H ,ll;HarHOCTHpOBaHlliI B 3KcrrrryaTau;rr:H TPaKTOpOB HeCOBepIIIeHHbI [ 1 ], If TO 06YCJIaBillIBaeT BbICOKfIi.i rrporterrr OTKa30B H MaJIhlH pecypc - 6 TbIC. IfaCOB zto xamrransnoro peMOHTa. OHH nocrpoensr TOJIhKO na ycpeztnemrux CTaTHCTHIfecKHX ,ll;aHHblX HCXO,ll;HhLX CTPYKTYPHhIX napaxterpoa, OTKa30B H cxopocreii H3HaIIIHBaHlliI, xoropste cynrecrnenno OrpaHH1fHBaIOT B03MO)KHOCTH yrrpasnemra KaIfeCTBOM TPaKTOpa rrpn rrpoercrrrponamnr H,ll;eHTHcpHKau;HH HH,ll;HBH,ll;YaJIhHhIX CBOHCTB MeXaHH3MOB TPaKTOpa rrpn H3rOTOBJIeHHH H sxcrrrryararnrrr.

HaMH rrpeanoseen HOBblH cOBpeMeHHbIH nonxozt K ouenxe KaIfeCTBa TPaKTOpa na 6a3e rronoro rrorcasarens - rtapaxterpa BH6pau;rr:H, KOTOPblH 5IBlliIeTC5I e,ll;HHhIM 0606ru:aIOI.I.IJ111 KpHTepHeM TeXHHIfeCKoro COCT05IIDUI rrpn rrpoexrnponaHHH, ztosomce, H3rOTOBJIeHHH, sxcrrryarartatr H peMOHTe. BH6pau;H51 TPaKTOpa

~ ~ ~

5IBlliIeTC5I eCTeCTBeHHOH peaKIJ;HeH na peansno ,ll;eHcTB)lIOIIlJ1e BHYTPeHHHe H

BHeIIIHHe, ,ll;aJKe He3HaIfHTeJIbHhle OTKJIOHemrn pa60IfHX rrpoueccos, peJKHMOB paooru, reonerprrtecxnx CPOPM H corrps.semrit zterarreii H ,ll;pyrHX COCT05IHHH OT H,ll;eaJIhHOrO HJIH sanarrnoro. B BH6pau;HOHHOM CHrHaJIe cO,ll;epJKHTc5I BC5I 06'heKTHBHa5I HHCPOPMau;H5I 06 H3MeHeHHH scex KOMIIOHeHT H HX B3aHMOCB5I3H B ztnnaMHKe, orrpeztenmomaa TeXHHIfeCKoe COCT05IHHe KOHKpeTHoro MeXaHH3Ma. CnexTPaJIhHhIH aHaJIH3 BH6pau;HH TPaKTOpa C rrOMOrn:DIO conpexrerrrrsrx KOMIIhIOTepHhIX H MHKporrpou;eccopHhLX cpeztcrn rr03BOIDIeT B peaJIhHOM BpeMeHH Ha6JIIO,ll;aTb rrporexarorrure H3MeHemrn COCT05IIDUI rrpn H3MeHeHHH KOHCTPYKu;HH, TeXHOJIOrHH H3rOTOBJIemrn, peJKHMOB paoorsr H BpeMeHH Hapa60TKH MeXaHH3MOB. Cymecrnenno pacIIII1p5lIOTC5I B03MO)KHOCTH 6blCTporo nony-renrer HHCPOPMau;rr:H, rrOBblIIIaeTC5I TOIfHOCTb ztnarnosa TeXHHIfeCKoro COCT05IIDUI H B HeCKOJIhKO pas CHHJKaeTC5I TpY,ll;OeMKOCTb pecypcrrsrx H 3KcrrrryaTau;HoHHblx HCIIhITaHHH H ,ll;HarHOCTHpOBaHlliI.

ITPH TaKOM nonxozte 3a,ll;aIfa yrrpaenennn KaIfeCTBOM rrpoercrrrpoaanrer H ,ll;OBO,ll;KH TPaKTOpa rra 3a,ll;aHHb1H pecypc CBO,ll;HTC5I K C03,ll;aHHIO MeXaHH3MOB sanarrrroro YPOBIDI BH6pau;rr:H. COXpaHeHHe rrpoexrnoro KaIfeCTBa na CTa,ll;HH H3rOTOBJIemrn H sxcnrryaramm ,ll;OCTHraeTC5I HopMHpoBaHHeM BH6pau;rr:H, KOHTpOJIeM H ,ll;OBO,ll;KOH ee zro Tpe60BaHHH sanannux HOpM na H3rOTOBJIeHHe, 3KcrrrryaTau;HIO H peMOHT. C03,ll;aIOTC5I B03MO)KHOCTH rrpnvenenrer BbICOKOHHCPOPMaTHBHhlX rpacpOaHaJIHTHIfeCKHX MeTO,ll;OB orrerrxn BH6pau;HoHHoro COCT05IIDUI TPaKTOpa.

~1liI rrpoexrrrpoaanrer TPaKTOpOB sanannoro pecypca HaMH paspaooraau KJIaCCbl BH6pau;rr:H rpakropa, KOHCTpYKTHBHhle H TeXHHIfeCKHe cpeztcrsa CHHJKemrn BH6pau;rr:H rrO,ll;IIIHIIHHKOBbIX Y3JIOB, 3y6IfaTblx rtepena-r H BaJIOB zto saztarnroro xnacca [2]. B OCHOBY paspaoorarrrnrx KJIaCCOB rrOJIOJKeHhI HaH,ll;eHHble ztorrycrrrvtre BH6pau;rr:H (Lo)' rrpeacraanennue rra pHC. 1 rrp5IMOH AE C YPOBIDIMH OT 50 ,ll;E na

IfaCTOTe 5 I'u ,ll;0 90 ,ll;E na IfaCTOTe 10 KrU;. ECJIH BH6pau;HH (LID) rrpeasnnaror 3HaIfemrn, orpamrrenmre rrp5IMOH AE, TO rrponeccsr H3HaIIIHBaHlliI H non-

58

pe)K,lJ;emrn zterarreii YCKOPillOTC5I B rrp5IIVIOH 3aBHClIMOCTH OT BeillfLIIllIbI rrpensmrenns (Ln). ~Han330HbI KJIaCCOB BH6pau;rrn ~, I', B Ta6mII.J;e, na pHC. 1 orrpeztene-

HbI na OCHOBe CTaTHCTWIeCIG1X ztamnrx H3MeHemrn B rrpouecce pa60ThI HCXO,ll;HbIX BH6pau;rrOHHbIX H CTPYKTYPHbIX rrapajrerpon. 113MeHeHHe BH6pau;rroHHoro rrapaxrerpa na 4 ,ll;E YK33bIBaeT rra rtoasnemte zrediercra, a H3MeHeHHe na 8 ,ll;E orrpenenser nepexozt MeXaHH3Ma B ,ll;pyrOH xnacc TeXHfIIIeCKoro COCT05IIDUl.

Krracc ~Han33oHbI MaKClIMaJIbHbIX ,ll;OrryCTHMbIX Ilporno- Oncmca
BH6pa 3HaIfeHHii BH6poycKopeHHii rrpn snpye- KaIfeCTBa
-rnnr MaKClIMaJIbHbIX CKOPOCTHbIX H HarpY30IfHbIX MbIH npoercrrr-
pe)KI{Max pa60TbI MeXaHH3MOB pecypc POBaHIDI
B ,ll;E B wc2 rtrcsrr rro BH6pa-
na IfacToTax, I'n MOTO- u;rrOHHOMy-
5 10000 5 10000 IfaCOB COCT05lHIllO
~ 66-58 106-98 0,598-0,238 59,8-23,8 5-10 norrycrmroe
r 58-50 98-90 0,238-D,0949 23,8-9,49 10-15 xoponree
11 HH)Ke 50 HH)Ke 90 0,0949 9,49 60rree 15 ornromoe .J:l :I:

ID m o Q.

>-,

PHC. 1. ~Hana30HbI yposneii BH6pau;rrn TPaKTOpa THIIa T -150 - K: Knaccsr BH6pau;rrn rroBbIIIIeHHoH (B), HOPMaJIbHOH (f), rrOHH)KeHHOH (~) Ha,ll;e)KHOCTH H

pecypca; 1 - YPOBHH BH6pau;rrn peztyxropa BOM

ITOrryIJeHHa5I 3aBHClIMOCTb ,ll;OrryCTHMbIX yponneit BH6pau;rrn OT IfaCTOThI, rrpeztCTaBrreHHa5I na pHC. 1 rrp5IMOH AE, orrpeztenaer sanaaaevtre ycrrOBH5I paertopeCYPCHOCTH zreraneii H Y3rrOB rrpoexrrrpyeuoro MeXaHH3Ma. ITPH O,ll;HHaKOBbIX 3HaIfeHH5IX rrpeaumemer HCXO,ll;HOH BH6pau;rrn nan rrp5IMOH AE HH3KOIfaCTOTHbIe H

59

BbICOKOIfaCTOTHble BJI6pau;I1II B03paCTaIOT O,n;HlIaKOBO (napannensno IIp5IIvIofi AE). ITpJI ztpyrrrx srranemrsx ztorrycrreaoii BJI6pau;I1II - JI3MeHemN yrrra HaKJIOHa IIp5IIvIofi AE, BbI,n;BlITaIOTC5[ HeO,n;JIHaKOBble Tpe60BaIDUI K orpamrterrmo BJI6pau;I1II, B036Y)IQl;aeMofi HH3KOIfaCTOTHbIMJI JI BbICOKOIfaCTOTHbIMJI JICTOIfHHKaMJI BJI6pau;I1II, He zrenaer arperar (TPaKTOp ) paanopecypcmrn rro BceM ysnasr, IIpJIBo,n;JIT K nosrrterrrrro BbICOKOOTKa3HbIX Y3rrOB. Cnexrp BJI6pau;I1II OIITJIMaJIbHO ,n;oBe,n;eHHofi KOHCTP)'IDlJ1H ,n;orr)KeH HaxO,n;JITbC5[ B O,n;HOM KJIaCce BJI6pau;I1II. Crtexrp BJI6pau;I1II peztyxropn BOM TPaKTOpa (pnc, 1) He HaxO,n;JITC5[ B O,n;HOM xnacce.

3a onennsaeuuii napaxrerp BJI6pau;I1II, cosztaeacaoii MeXaHJI3MaMJI TPaKropa, IIpJIH5lTbI MaKCJIMaJIbHble JI3 cpennnx KBa.n;paTJI1feCKJIX 3HaIfeRJIfi: BJI6poycxopemrii (,n;E), JI3MepeHHble B TpeTbOKTaBHbIX rrorrocax IfaCTOT He panee, IfeM -repea 30 MJIHYT pa60ThI MeXaHJI3Ma B 3a.n;aHHOM pe)KJIMe. 3a YCTaHOBJIBIIIIIiic5[ pe)KJIM IIpJIHHMaJIJI snauenns BJI6pau;I1II, He OTJIJI1faIOIIlJ1eC5[ 6orree, IfeM na 1 0% IIpJI ,n;Byx nocnenoaarensmrx JI3MepeHlliIX Ifepe3 20 MJIHYT.

ITo BJI6pau;rrOHHbIM JI pecypcrrsnr xapaKTepJICTJIKaM TPaKTOpa TJIIIa T -1 SOK OTHOC5lT K xnaccy BJI6pau;I1II ~ sepxnero ,n;JIarra30Ha JI Bblilie [2]. COBMeCTHbIMJI 3KCrrepJIMeHTaJIDHbIMJI JICCrre,n;OBaHJI5IIvIJI BJI6pau;rroHHoro JI CTpYKIYPHoro rrapaMeTpOB rnasmrx nepenan xnacca B, I', ~ (pnc. 2) rro BpeMeHH pecypcmrx JI 3KCruryararmonrrux JICIIbITaHJIH: YCTaHOBrreHO, If TO OTHOCJITeJIbHOe, a He aricomoruoe YBeJIJI1feHHe BJI6pau;I1II 5[BJI5[eTC5[ HaJI60rree Ba)KHbIM rrorcasarerrexr JI3MeHeHJI5l TeXHJI1feCKOrO COCT05lmN. ITorrOMKa 3y6beB Be,n;oMofi IIIeCTepHH IIpOJIcxo,n;JIJIa IIpJI IIpeBblIIIeHHlI rrcxoztnoii BJI6pau;I1II na 21-23 ,n;E, If TO COOTBeTCTBOBaJIO YBeJIJI1feHIllO 60KOBoro sasopa B aycosanennennn zro 2,1- 2,4 MM. Y Be JIJI1f enne saaopa IIpOJICXo,n;JIJIO IIpeJIMYlIl:eCTBeHHO aa CIfeT ocnaenemrs cB5[3efi Me)K,lJ;y ,n;eTaJI5IIvIJI CJICTeMbI "IIIecTepH5l - rro,n;IIIJIIIHJIKOBblfi yaen", a JI3HOC 3y6beB IIpJI 3TOM COCTaBJI5[JI 0,6 - 1,2 MM. Ilpczrcrasrrcaasrc na pJIC. 2, a,6 3aBJICJIMOCTJI JI3MeHemN BJI6poycKopeRJIfi: B ,n;E (pnc, 2,a) JI B :M!c2 (pnc, 2,6) rro Hapa60TKe rrOKa3bIBaIOT, If TO rnamrue rrepeztaxn xnacca BJI6pau;I1II ~ (rpadmx 1, pJIC. 2,6) sepxnero ,n;JIarra30Ha He JIMeIOT IfeTKO mrpazsenrroro IIp5IIvIoJIJIHefiHoro y-racrxa CTa.n;JIJI 3aKOHOMepHoro HOpMaJIDHOrO rrponecca JI3HaIIIJIBaIDUI, KaK 3TO naorrrozraerca B rnasmrx nepeztanax KJIaCca BJI6pau;I1II B nepxnero ,n;JIarra30Ha (pnc, 2,6. rpadnnc 3). Pe3Ka5l nanam.naa KpYTJI3Ha xapaKTepJICTJIKJI "BJI6pau;JI5J:-3a30p" rnanrnrx rtepezran rcracca BJI6pau;I1II ~ (pnc, 2,a, rpadnrx 1) o6'b5[CH5leTC5[ HaJIJIIfJIeM Y)Ke B HOBbIX JI3,n;eJIJI5lX 3HaIfJITeJIbHbIX ,n;e¢eKTOB, pannottemrsrx COCT05[HJIIO rnasnoit nepeaa-rn xnacca BJI6pau;I1II B rrocrre 06Pa30BaIDUI sasopa 60JIbilie 1,2 - 1,3 MM (pnc. 2,6, rpa<PJIK 3). HaJIJIIfJIe cymecreearrax ,n;e¢eKTOB KOHcTPYKTJIBHOrO JI TeXHOrrOrJIIJeCKOrO IIpoJIcxo)K,lJ;emN B rrraBHbIX rrepe,n;aIfax OIIJICaHO B pacore [3] JI rronrnepsotaercs 60JIbIIIJIM pa36pOCOM (1 S - 27 ,n;E) yposneii BJI6pau;I1II, JI3MepeHHbIX na CTa.n;JIJI IIpJIeMo-c,n;aTOIfHbIX JICIIbITaHJIH: rnanrrax nepeztan MOCTOB cepniinoro IIpOJI3Bo,n;CTBa. TaKJIM 06Pa30M, JICCrre,n;OBaHJIe CKOPOCTJI JI3MeHeHJI5l ncxoztnoro BJI6pau;rroHHoro rrapaxterpa

60

rr03BOIDIeT orrpeztemrrs TeXHJI1IeCIG1:H ypoaerrs JI XapaKTepJICTI1IG1 rrpoueccos rrOBpe)l()J;eHIUI JI JI3Ham::rmaHIUI MeXaHH3Ma. OIITJIMJI3aIJ;fUI KOHCTP)'KTJIBHbIX JI rexnonorrrrecenx napaverpos MeXaHH3MOB nonaora CBO.n;JITbC5I K YMeHbIIIeHlIIO yrrra HaKJIOHa KpJIBbIX CKOpOCTerr JI3MeHeHIUI BJI6pau;HJI. JIJIHeHHOe napacranne BJI6pau;HJI rro BpeMeHH Hapa60TKJI .n;orrlKHo naomoztarr.cn na rrpOT5IiKeHJIJI rrpJI6JIJI3JITeJIbHO 75% pecypca MeXaHH3Ma, LITO COOTBeTcTByeT xnaccy BJI6pau;HJI B. TIp 0 eKTHpOB aane TPaKTOpOB 3a)1;aHHOrO KJIaCca BJI6pau;HJI .n;OCTJIraeTC5I rrpJIMeHeHHeM pa3pa60TaHHbIX HaMJI crrOC060B CHHiKeHIUI BJI6pau;HJI [2] .

.a16

b
).-: V «:
~ V P""" ~ ,.P'"
,..., .£7
I~ V ~
IY ~I 105

95

85

75

65 o 0,3 0,6 0,9 1,2 11,5 1,8 2,1 2,4 MM

a. 6.

PJIC. 2. 3aBJICJIMOCTJI yposneii BJI6pau;HJI OT sasopa B aycosanennennn rrraBHOrr rtepenaxn MOCTa rotacca BJI6pau;HJI ~(1), f(2), B(3).

~IDI ne.reii .n;JIarnOCTHpOBaHIUI paspaoorana Mo.n;eJIb JI3MeHeHIUI BJI6pau;HOHHOro COCT05IHIUI TPaKTOpa rro BpeMeHH Hapa60TKJI, pnc. 3. OHa nocrpoena na 6a3e 3KCrrepJIMeHTaJIbHbIX JICCrre.n;OBaHHH: JI3MeHeHIUI BJI6poYCKOpeRJIH: (.n;E) rro.n;IIIJIIIHHKOBbIX Y3rrOB JI 3y6LIaTbIX nepeaan arperaros TPaHCMJICCJIJI TPaKTOpOB JI Typ60KOMIIpeCCOpOB .n;BJIraTerrerr OT c60PKJI .n;o Hapa60TKJI 600 - 10000 LIaCOB. H3MeHeHHe BJI6pau;HOHHOro COCT05IHIUI MeXaHH3MOB TPaKTOpa JIMeeT II51Tb xapaxreprrsrx yuacrxos. YpOBHH BJI6pau;HJI MeXaHJI3MOB na ynacrxe 1 rrocrre Ka)l()J;Orr HOB orr c60PKJI JIMeIOT 60JIbiliOrr pasopoc, xoropsril CHHiKaeTC5I rro BpeMeHH 06KaTKJI JI cTa6JIJIJI3HpyeTc5I rrocrre 50 - 100 LIaCOB paooru. 3TO COCT05IHJIe 06KaTaHHbIX MeXaHH3MOB 5IBIDIeTC5I OIITJIMaJIbHbIM .n;IDI orrpeztenerrns JICXO.n;HbIX JIH)1;JIBJI)J;yaJIbHbIX HOpM BJI6pau;HOHHOro .n;JIarHOCTJILIeCKOrO rtapaxterpa JI BpeMeHH 06KaTKJI TPaKTOpa. H3MeHeHIUI BJI6poycKOpeRJIH: B .n;E rra y-racrxax II - IV, pnc. 3, JIMeeT JIJIHerrHblrr xapaxrep, pJIC. 2.a. TIporn03HpOBaHHe OCTaTOLIHoro pecypca na 3TJIX y-qaCTKax JI3MeHeHIUI BJI6pau;HJI CBO.n;JITC5I K 3KCTparrOIDIu;JIJI Ha:H:.n;eHHOrO rpenzra JI orrpenenemno MOMeHTa ero rtepeceuenns C JIJIHHerr rrpeztern.rroro COCT05IHIUI L4, prrc. 3. Ha prrc. 3 0603HaLIeHo: 1 - y-racrox CHHiKeHIUI

yposacii JI pa36pOCOB BJI6pau;HJI rro Mepe rrpHpa60TKJI MeXaHH3Ma; 2

crannonapnsrii y-qaCTOK npn MarrOM pasopoce .n;JIcrrepcJIJI; 3 - cnaooe JI3MeHeHHe .n;JIcrrepcJIJI JI Me.n;rreHHoe pa3BJITJIe .n;eQ_JeKTOB; 4, 5 - 6blcTpoe pa3BJITJIe .n;eWeKTOB

61

H rpaIDUJ; pasopoca BH6paIJ;I1II~ 6 - BepXHIDI rpaHJIIJ;a ,ll;Harr330Ha CTaTHCTIfIIeCKH yrIHTbIBae:M:bIX yposneii pasopoca BH6paIJ;I1II~ 7 - cpenaeapndusemuecsne 3HaLIemrn YPOBIDI BH6paIJ;I1II MeXaHH3Ma~ L, - ncxo.nrue 3HaLIemrn BH6paIJ;I1II (L) H 3330POB (8); L, - Y,ll;OBrreTBOpHTeJThHOe COCT05lHI1e~ L2 - ztorrycrrrvtre 3HaLIemrn BH6paIJ;I1II~ L3 - 3HaLIemrn BH6paIJ;I1II MeXaHH3Ma, rpeoyrorrme rrpnnarns xrep; L4 - rrpenerrsrroe 3HaLIeHHe yposncit BH6paIJ;I1II MeXaHH3Ma; L, - aaapminoe COCT05lHI1e.

PHC. 3. rpaQ:JIfIIeCKaJI MO,ll;eJTh H3MeHemrn BH6paIJ;HH MeXaHH3MOB rro BpeMeHH Hapa60TKH

)::(JUI ncxmoaenns nponycxa OTK33a npn zmarnocrnpoaanrrn BBe,ll;eM norrpasxy K YPOBI-UI::rv.I Cpe,ll;HeapHQ:JMeTIfIIeCKJIX 3HaLIeHrrfi: H3Mep5Ie:M:bIX BH6poycKopeHrrfi: [4]. Tarcoii rtozxozt 06b5ICIDIeTC5I TeM, LITO rrprr 60JThIillIX Q:JJIYKTYaI.J:IUIX BH6paIJ;I1II, BbI3BaHHbIX rr05IBrreHHeM ,ll;e(i_JeKTOB H CHH)KeHI1I1 TOLIHOCTH rrOMep)KaHH5I pe)KJIMa ztrrarnocrnponarrna ,ll;orrymeHHe 0 HeH3MeHHOCTH znrcrrepcrrn trerrpaaojreptro H noporosoe 3HaLIeHHe cxrenraerca B CTOPOJIY yeemrremer BH6paIJ;I1II. HCXOM H3 :JT oro , HCTHHHoe 3HaLIeHHe MO)KHO paccuarpnaars KaK cy-MMy ,ll;Byx CITyrIaHHbIX BeJIIfIIHH cpemrero 3HaLIemrn H rrpnpanrerrne BH6paIJ;I1II, ooycnosnennoe Q:JJIYKTYaIJ;Hefi: ztrrcrrepcnn BH6paIJ;I1II

LYH.=L+Ka,

(1)

rzte L - Cpe,ll;HeapHQ:JMeTIfIIeCKHe snauemta 4 - 6 H3MepeHrrfi: BH6paIJ;I1II B KOHTPOJThHOfi: TOLIKe; a - cpenneapndmermecsne OTKJIOHemrn H3MepeHrrfi: BH6paIJ;I1II

rrpn orrpenenemm L; K - K03Q:JQ:JHIJ;HeHT rro.ts ,ll;orrycKa.

3HaLIemrn sepxneii rpaHIIIJ;bI CTaTHCTIfIIeCKH y-qHTbIBae:M:bIX yposrren BH6paIJ;I1II na ynacncax 2 H 3 MO)KHO rrpeztcraenrr,

t, = L + 0,5 CJ; L2 = L + 1,OCJ,

(2) (3)

rae L cpeaneapudusermecsoe 3HaLIeHHe YPOBIDI BH6paIJ;I1II; a - cpeztnee KBa)J;paTIfIIeCKoe OTKJIOHeHHe ypOBHeH TeKYIIlJ1X H3MepeHI1I1 BH6paIJ;I1II OT Cpe,ll;HeapHQ:JMeTIfIIeCKJIX anauemrii.

62

Kpaiinee no.roxenne Hapa60TKH pecypcrroro anexrerrra na Y'IaCTKe 2 (L 1) paCrr03HaIOT rro rrpeBbIIIIeHHIO JICXO)1;HbIX 3HaIfeHIIfl: BJI6pau;n:rr L, na 8 )1;£, rra yaacrxe 3 (L2) - na 12 )1;£. ITOCKOJIbKY JI3MepeHHe BJI6pau;n:rr rrpOJI3BO)1;JITC5I B norapndnarorecxoii rmca.re, TO 3aBJICHMOCTb JI3MeHeHJI5I Cpe)1;HJIX 3HaIfeHIIfl:

BJI6pau;n:rr rro BpeMeHH Hapa60TKH na )!1faCTKe 2 - 4 JIMeeT JIJIHe:HHbI:H xapaxrep, T.e. JIJIHe:HHa5I 3aBJICHMOCTb BJI6pau;n:rr, BbIpalKeHHO:H B )1;£, OT BpeMeHH 03HaIfaeT 3KCrrOHeHIJ;HaJIbHOe B03paCTaHHe ee aocomomoro YPOBH5I )1;0 MOMeHTa HacTyrmeHJI5I OTKa3a na ynacrxe 5.

BepXH5I5I rpaHIII.J;a yposneii BJI6pau;n:rr na )!1faCTKe 4 (pnc, 3), rae JIHTeHCJIBHOCTb rr05IBrreHJI5I )1;e¢eKTOB JI BJIJI5IHJI5I JIX na pasopoc pe3YJIbTaTOB JI3MepeHJI5I BbIIIIe, IfeM na yxacrxe 3, rrpe)1;CTaBJI5IeTC5I

L3 = L + 1,5 ... 2,Ocr. (4)

YpOBHH BJI6pau;n:rr na )!1faCTKe tl - t2 xapaxrepmyrorca rrpeBbIIIIeHH5IMJI orropHbIX 3HaIfeHIIfl: )1;0 16 )1;£ C BbIpa60TKO:H pecypca MeXaHH3MOM roracca BJI6pau;n:rr r - B )1;0 75% (pnc, 2,6, rpadmx 3). Taxoe rrOBbIIIIeHHe BJI6pau;rlli cOOTBeTcTByeT xnaccy COCT05IHJI5I "rpeoyer rrpJIH5ITJI5I xrcp", He06xo)1;HMOCTJI rrpoBe)1;eHJI5I perymrpoeonmrx JIJIJI peMOHTHbIX pa60T. )::(JI5I yroIfHeHJI5I BepXHJIX rpaHIII.J; BJI6pau;n:rr rra y-racrxe 4 (pnc, 3) He06xo)1;HMo, C u;eJIbIO rrpomosrrposarrna OCTaTOIfHoro pecypca, 3HaIfJITerrbHO YBeJIJI1fJITb rrepJIO)1;JI1fHOCTb JI IfJICrrO JI3MepeHIIfl: BJI6pau;n:rr na xoarponnpycxroii IfaCTOTe. qJIcrro rrOCrre)1;OBaTeJIbHbIX JI3MepeHIIfl:, He06- XO)1;JIMbIX )1;JI5I BbIIfJICrreHJI5I cpezmero 3HaIfeHJI5I BJI6pau;n:rr, xaparcrepnsyrontero TeXHH1feCKoe COCT05IHJIe MeXaHH3Ma, 3aBJICJIT OT pasopoca pe3YJIbTaTOB e)1;JIHH1fHbIX JI3MepeHIIfl: JI Tpe6yeMO:H )1;OCTOBepHOCTJI )1;JIarHOCTrrpOBaHJI5I. Cornacno rrpJIBe)1;eHHbIM B paoore [3] )1;aHHbIM, )1;JI5I )1;OCTOBepHOCTJI 0,9 He06xo)1;HMo 10 rrOCrre)1;OBaTeJIbHbIX JI3MepeHIIfl: BJI6pau;rroHHoro napaxterpa, a )1;JI5I )1;OCTOBepHOCTJI 0,8 )1;OCTaTOIfHO 4 - 5 JI3MepeHIIfl:. IT03TOM)', OCHOBH)'IO ortenxy OIIIJI60K rrporrrosa OCTaTOIfHoro pecypca na yxacrxe 4 rrpOBO)1;5IT rrpn IfaCTOM KOHTpOrre BJI6pau;n:rr. YBeJIJI1feHHe JICXO)1;HO:H BJI6pau;n:rr L, B 1 ° pas (20 )1;£) YKa3bIBaeT. If TO YPOBHH BJI6pau;n:rr )1;OCTHrJIJI rrpene.rsnoii BerrJI1fJIHbI L4, pnc, 3. IT pJI JIJIHei1:HO:H 3aBJICHMOCTJI JI3MeHeHJI5I JICXO)1;HOrO BJI6pau;rroHHoro napaxrerpa pecypcrurx 3rreMeHTOB rro Hapa60TKe )1;0 rtpenerrsnoro COCT05IHJI5I rto.ryuema rrpnpamenns BJI6pau;n:rr )1;JI5I rrO)1;IIIJIIIHHKOBbIX ysnos rnaensrx rrepezta= MOCTa rcracca BJI6pau;rrJI I' - B 1, ° - 1,2 )1;£. 3TJI )1;aHHbIe MOIKHO JICrrOJIb30BaTb )1;JI5I 3KcrrepTHoro rrporrrosnpoaanrer OCTaTOIfHoro pecypca. TaKJIM 06Pa30M, rrpocTei1:IIIJI:H cnocoo JICrrOJIb30BaHJI5I TeH)1;eHu;JIi1: JI3MeHeHJI5I BJI6pau;rroHHoro rrapaxrerpa rro Hapa60TKe - 3TO BJI3YaJIbHOe (rrm rrporpaxrsrrroe oriecrreuenne) CpaBHeHHe rrOITY1faeMbIX B rrpouecce excmryararmn rpadnucos rperuta C rrpe)1;eJIbHbIMJI 3HaIfeHH5IMJI BJI6pau;rroHHoro napaxrerpa JIJIJI C 3TarrOHHbIMJI KpJIBbIMJI, rrOCTpOeHHbIMJI )1;JI5I KOHKpeTHOrO MeXaHH3Ma TPaKTOpa.

Xapaxrep JI3MeHeHJI5I BJI6pau;n:rr na )!1faCTKe t2 - t , TeCHO CB5I3aH C

KOHCTp)'KTJIBHbIMJI JI WaKTJI1fecKJIMJI TeXHOrrOrH1feCKJIMJI rrorpeIIIHOCT5IMJI JI3rO- 63

TOBrreHJI5I MeXaHI13MOB TPaKTOpa, KOTOphIe orrpezte.tsror KJIaCC BH6pau;rrn TPaKTOpa, pHC. 1. IT05IBrreHHe ztediexroe rrpeaem.noro nsnoca npneoznrr K H3MeHeHillO B3aHMO,ll;eHCTBlliI 3rreMeHTOB ysna, nosnnerrmo ,ll;HHaJvlIIlIeCKHX HarpY30K, nopozc,ll;lliOIIl)1X H3MeHeHHe BH6pau;rrOHHhIX rtpoueccon - rrosmnerrmo pe30HaHCOB HITH ocnarrrerma MeXaHIfIIeCKHX CB5I3eH ysna H CHCTeMhI. ITOCKOJIhKY MeXaHI13MhI TPaKTOpOB xnacca BH6pau;rrn ~ sepxnero ,ll;Harra30Ha H BhIIIIe YiKe B HOBhIX H3,ll;eJIllilX HMeIOT ,ll;eweKThI, xaparcreprnre ,ll;JI5I COCT05IHJI5I CTa,ll;HH III, pHC. 3, mranrocrrrposarme HX CBO,ll;HTC5I K ycrparrennro zterpexron KOHCTP)'KIU1II H TeXHOrrOrHH rrpOH3BO,ll;CTBa, a He COCT05lHIIlI HOpMaJIhHOrO H3HaIIIHBaHlliI [5]. Ilonyseamre ztamrue 06b5lCIDIIOT rrpJIIIHHhI HH3KOH ,ll;OCTOBepHoCTH 0,5 - 0,6 [6] ,ll;HarHOCTHpOBaHIDI arperaros TPaHCMHCCHH cepniino BhIrrycKaeMhIX TPaKTOpOB THIIa T -150K H T -150 cyrn:ecTBYIOIIl)1MJI Cpe,ll;CTBaMH H OLIeBH,ll;HhIe B03MOiKHOCTH ee rrOBhIIIIeHJI5I rrpn rrpoeKTHpOBaHHH TPaKTOpOB xnacca BH6pau;rrn I' H B.

~JI5I HCKJIIOLIeHJI5I nponycxa OTKa3a H rrOBhIIIIeHJI5I TOLIHOCTH orrpeztenenrer MOMeHTa ,ll;OCTHiKeHJI5I rrpene.n.noro napaxrerpa L4, pHC. 3, He 0 6xo,ll;HMa OIITHMaJIhHa5I rrepHO,ll;JIIIHOCTh H KOJIJIIIeCTBO rtocnenonarerrsrrsrx H3MepeHHfl:

BH6pau;rrn B KaiK,ll;OH KOHTPOJIhHOH TOLIKe. 3KCrrepHMeHTaJIhHhIe HCCrre,ll;OBaHIDI BJIlliIHJI5I YKa3aHHhIX tl_JaKT0pOB rrpOBO,ll;HITHCh na rnaansrx rrepeztanax ,ll;Byx KOHTPOJIhHhIX rpyrrrr TPaKTOpOB T -150K. Onna rpyrrrra, COCT05II.IJ:a5I H3 9 TPaKTOpOB C YPOBH5IMH HCXO,ll;HOH BH6pau;rrn 80, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89 H 91 ,ll;E, 3KcrrrryaTHpoBarrach B COCT05IHJIH 3aBO,ll;CKOH rrOCTaBKH. Ha pHC. 43TH TPaKTOpa 0603HaLIeHhI CBeTJIhIMH KpYiKOLIKaMH. B zrpyroii KOHrpOJIhHOH rpyrrrre, COCT05II.IJ:eH H3 6 TPaKTOPOB, zro BBO,ll;a B excrmyararnuo 6hIIDI nponeaemr ,ll;OBO,ll;OLIHhIe pa60ThI ,ll;0 H rrocrre CTOLIaCOBOH 06KaTKH. YpOBHH BH6pau;rrn 3TOH KOHTPOJIhHOH rpyrrrru rrpn BBO,ll;e B sxcrrryararrrrro COCTaBJI5IillI 80, 81, 82, 83, 85, 87 H 0603HaLIeHhI rra pHC. 4 LIepHhIMH KpYiKOLIKaMH. KOHTpoJIh BH6pau;rrn TPaKTOpOB rrpOBO,ll;HITH rrocrre Hapa60TKH KaiK,ll;OrO TPaKTOpa 1050, 1500, 2250, 3050, 4320 LI. Pe3YJIhTaThI 3KCrrepHMeHTaJIhHhIX nccrrenoeamrii rnamrux nepezta-r MOCTOB rrpencraanemr na pHC. 4. KaK BH,ll;HO H3 pHC. 4, YiKe rrocrre Hapa60TKH 1500 LI 22% rnaamrx rtepenan nepaoii rpyrrrrst TPaKTOpOB COOTBeTCTBOBaIDI YPOBHIO BH6pau;rrn COCT05IHJI5I "TPe6yeT rrpHH5ITH5I Mep" - perymrposamer ocesoro sasopa rrO,ll;IIIHIIHJIKOB Be.JJYI.U:eH IIIecTepHH. ITPH Hapa60TKe 2250 LI Y 22% TPaKTOpOB cTpYKTYPHhIe H BH6pau;rroHHhIe rtapasrerpsr ztocrnraror rrpezterrsrrsrx, Y 33% TPaKTOpOB COOTBeTCTBOBaIDI xrraccy "TPe6yeT rrpHH5ITH5I Mep". Cpe,ll;H5151 Hapa60TKa na OTKa3

rtepsoii rpyrmu TPaKTOpOB COCTaBHITH t = 2460 LI, (j = 560 LI, v = 0,23, a B npyroii rpyrrrre t = 4200 LI. 3TH HCCrre,ll;OBaHIDI rrOKa3aIDI. LITO na rrepHO,ll;JIIIHOCTh (IT) KOHTPOJI51 TeXHJIIIeCKOrO COCT05IHJI5I TPaKTOpa OKa3hIBaeT BillI5IHJIe TeXHJIIIeCKHH yponens rrpoeKTHpOBaHIDI, KOTOPhIH orrpenenaer KJIaCC BH6pau;rrn TPaKTOpa (PHC. 1, 2)~ KaLIeCTBO H3rOTOBrreHJI5I H ,ll;OBO,ll;KH na CTa,ll;HH rrptreuoC,ll;aTOLIHhIX HCIIhITaHHH~ KaLIeCTBO BBO,ll;a H rrponortmrrerrurocrr, sxcnrryaramm (PHC. 3 H 4). Ananns TeXHJIIIeCKOrO COCT05lHIIlI TPaKTOpOB 3aBO,ll;CKOH rrOCTaBKH

64

(pJIC. 4), rrocryrrarorrurx B axcrrryarartrrro B COCT05IHJIl1 BepXHeH 30HbI rcracca BJI6paIJ;I1Jl ~, rrosassraaer, If TO 1vIJIHIllvIaJIhHa5I rrepJIO,n;JIlfHOCTh KOHTPOlliI COCT0.HHl15I COCTaBlliIeT 1200 If, MaKCJIMaJThHa5I - 1600 If, cpenanii pecypc rro rrpeztensnony rtapasrerpy COCT05IHI15I COCTaBlliIeT 2460 If. IToCJIe ,n;OBO,n;KJI rJIaBHOH rrepeztaxn ,n;o HJIIIiliIIX yponneit BJI6paIJ;I1Jl 30HbI KJIaCCa ~ rrpn CTOIfaCOBOH 06KaTKe (npnpaoorxe) MOCTOB cpe,n;H5I5I Hapa60TKa na pccypcasiii OTKa3 rro rrpezte.n-rrovy COCT05lHJIlO CTpYKTYPHoro napaxrerpa COCTaBJIJIa 4200 IfaCOB, a 1vIJIHIllvIaJIhHa5I nepnoznrmocrs KOHTPOlliI YBeJIJIlfJIJIaCh zro 2385 If, pnc. 4.

,Q6.

100: 90 BO'

1 000 2000 3000 4000 T, I.J

PJIc. 4. BJllUIHJIe perynrrponourrux pa60T na Hapa60TKY zto rrpezte.ruroro COCT05IHI15I rJIaBHOH rrepeaann MOCTa TPaKTOpa T -15 OK: 1 - rrpeaerrsnsre 3HaIfeHlN ,n;JIarHOCTJIlfeCKOrO BJI6pau;n:oHHoro napaxserpa; 2 - HJIIKIUl5I 30Ha rexrrrorecxoro COCT05IHI15I roracca "rpeoyer rrpJIH5ITJI5I Mep"; 3,4 - pasopoc yponncii BJI6paIJ;I1Jl na CTa,lJ;JIJI rrptrevo-cnarotrrrux JICIIhITamlli (3) JI rrOCJIe KOHTPOJThHO-peryrrrrpoBoIfHbIX pa60T (4).

ITepJIo,n;JIlfHOCTh KOHIpOlliI rexrnraecsoro COCT05IHI15I rJIaBHOH 3y6IfaToH rrepezta-m C YPOBIDIMlI JICXO,n;HOH BJI6paIJ;I1Jl BepXHeH 30HbI xnacca ~ na CTa,lJ;JI5IX 3KcrmyaTaIJ;I1JI 2. 3,PJIc. 3,COCTaBlliIeT

II:MIN = 0,50 tcp; IIMAX = 0,65 tcp. (5)

~lliI rrpnpaooraaaax 3y6IfaThIx nepena-r JI ,n;OBe,n;eHHbIX ,n;o YPOBIUI BJI6paIJ;I1Jl BepXHeH 30HbI xnacca T nepnoznrmocrr. KOHTPOlliI COCTaBlliIeT

II:MIN = 0,65 tcp; IIMAX = 0,85 tcp, (6)

rzte tcp - cpeznnrii pecypc rJIaBHOH rrepezta-nr.

MJIHHMaJThHa5I JI MaKCJIMaJThHa5I rteprroztmrrrocrt, KOHIpOlliI rexrrrorecxoro COCT05IHI15I rrpn noaerrennn cpeznnrx JI Pa3BJITbIX ,n;eQ:JeKTOB na y-racrxe 4, prrc. 3 orrpeztenaercn rro QJoPMYJIaM

II MAX = (tMAX - t}) /2; II:MIN = (t cr - t}) /2, (7)

rzte t} - Hapa60TKa B MOMeHT JI3MepeHlN BJI6paIJ;I1Jl.

Ou;eHKY CTa,lJ;JIJI Pa3BJITJI5I ,n;eQJeKTOB rrpOJI3BO,lJ;5IT rro YPOBH5IM BJI6paIJ;I1Jl r., L2, L3, L4, pnc, 3.

65

KOIITPOJTh TeXHIfLleCKOrO COCT05IHIUI C IT:MIN (5- 7) ynemrrrrsaer TpY,ll;Oe:MKOCTb rexnrorecxoro 06crryJKHBa.HlUI rro ,ll;HarHOCTJrpOBamIIO, a rrpoaezterme ero C IT:MAX cmracaer anarrranrrro rexrrmrecxoro COCT05IHIUI K I-II-I,ll;HBH,ll;yaJThHbIM oc06eHHOCT5IM MeXaIDI3Ma.

KOIITPOJTh snopaum: TPaKTOpa B 3KcrrnyaTau;rrn MOlKeT ocynrecrmrm.cn rrOCT05IHHO BCTpoeHHbIMH Cpe,ll;CTBaMH, rtepnoznrrecsn JIJII1 BbI60pOLIHO (rro sakasy) BHe:urn::rr:rvrn Cpe,ll;CTBaMH B IIlIIpOKHX, TpeTbOKTaBHbIX, Y3KHX JIJII1 CMeIIIaHHbIX rrorrocax LIaCTOT ,ll;HarHOCTHpOBa.HlUI. Hanoonee rrpOCTO ,ll;aHHa5I 3a,ll;aLIa peIIIaeTC5I BBe,ll;emreM xapr PYLIHOrr perrrcrparnm, 3arrOJIH5IeMbIX 06CrryJKHBaIOIIlJIM rrepcoHanOM. ~JI5I BbI60pa anrrporccmnrpyronreii qJYHKU;I1H rrpn PYLIHOrr pemcrparmn BH6pau;rrn neooxozneao HCrrOJTh30BaTb xrerozt BH3YaJThHOrr cy6beKTHBHOrr otterrxn rpadnrsecxoro npencrasnenna pzna H3Mep5IeMbIX yposneit BH6pau;rrn. ~JI5I rteprrO,ll;WIeCKOro KOHTpOJI5I 3THM MeTO,ll;OM 3aMeHbI OIIbITa HHlKeHepa cpaKTIfIIeCKH He cymecrsyer. ~HarHOCT He ,ll;OrrlKeH yrrycrrrrs MOHOTOHHoro YBeillfIIeHH5I JIJII1 cmrlKemre BH6pau;rrH HITH 60JThIIIHX HeOlKH,ll;aHHbIX CKaLIK006pa3HbIX H3MeHeHHJi, xoropste xroryr 6bITb B pe3YJThTaTe, nartpmrep, rro.roxncr, pesxoro ocnaenemrs CB5I3err, H3MeHeHH5I pa60LIHX rrporteccos, pelKHMa pa60TbI H r.zt. Tlpmrenemre nepenocrrax H 60pTOBbIX rrporpaxenrpyesnrx MHKporrpou;eccopHbIX cpezrcrs rr03BOJI5IeT 06pa6aTbIBaTb TeK)'IIlJ1e cnercrpu BH6pau;rrn, CpaBHHBaTb HX C OrrOpHbIMH crrexrpaxrn H BbI,ll;aBaTb saxrrrouemre 0 TeXHIfLleCKOM COCT05IIDIH C peKOMeH,ll;au;H5IMH 0 rrpHH5ITHH Mep. Korrrpomrponarr, BH6pau;rno He06xo,ll;HMo acerna rrpn O,ll;HOM CKOPOCTHOM H HarpY30LIHOM pelKHMe ,ll;HarHOCTHpOBa.HlUI B sazrannsrx KOHTPOJThHbIX TOLIKax.

.Ilnrep a lYP a

1. COCT05IIDIe H rrepcrrexrrrssr pa3BHTH5I HCCrre,ll;OBaHHH rro rrOBbIIIIeHIllO Ha,ll;elKHOCTH MaIIIHH H cooPYIKeHHJi B YCCP ,ll;0 2000 rona (I1porn03Ha5I sanucxa) I I10,ll; pen. B.T.Tpo:w:eHKo. - K.: HaYK . .n;y:MKa, 1985. - 115 c. 2. Mnram, B.~. BH6pau;H5I H rronsmrernte KaLIeCTBa rrpoercnrpyexrsrx TPaKTOpOB II TpaKTOPbI H CeJThCKOX035IHCTBeHHbIe MaIIIHHbl. - 2000. - NQ 7. - C. 36 - 38. 3. I10IIKOB B.H., MbIIIIHHCKHH 3.J1., I10IIKOB O.H. BH6pom<ycTIfIIeCKa5I ,ll;HarHOCTHKa B Cy,ll;OCTpOeHHH. - J1.: Cynocrpocnnc, 1989. - 251 c. 4. I'oaopymeaxo H.5I., Bapdionosrees B.H. TeXHIfLleCKa5I KH6epHeTHKa rpancnopra. - Xapsxos: xr A~TY, 2001. - 271 c. 5. Mrrram, B.~. KOHCTp)'KIU10HHbIe H TeXHOrrOrIPIeCKHe peIIIeHH5I rro crrrrxerrrrro BH6pau;rrn H rrOBblIIIeHH5I pecypca ronoanoii rtepeztamr MOCTa TPaKTOpa THIIY T- 150K II BecTHHK Xapsx. rocyztap, rrOJIHTex. YHHBepCHTeTa. Cep. HOBbie peIIIeHJI5I B conpenerntux TeXHorrormIX.-2000.-NQ80. - C. 63 - 65. 6. Orronomrx T.H. 3CPrPeKTHBHOCTb ,ll;HarHOCTHpOBa.HlUI TpaKTOpOB. - M.: Pocarportponnanar, 1988. - 124 c.

IIocTynHJ1aB peztsormermo 22.09.2001

66

Y~K 539.4

K PEIIIEHHIO KOHTAKTHbIX 3A)J;Aq MK3 C yqETOM <l>PHK:QHOHHOrO HArPEBA

IT. IT. I'orrraposcsnii, H. f. I'apnam

Hucmumym npobneu uatuunocmpoenust HAJ-l Yxpaunu, Xapsxoe, YKpauHa

Some issues of realization of therrnocontact problems 'With account of frictional heating by means of finite-element method are considered. The examples of a solution of stationary and non-stationary axially symmetric problems 'With sliding of contact surfaces at the expense of a difference of angular velocities are presented. The essential influence of frictional heating on the distribution of contact pressure and temperature fields in structures is shown.

KOHTaKTHbIe 3a,lJ;aIfJI C YIfeTOM rennoomsena Me)l()1;y B3aJIMO,ll;eH:CTByroIIlJIMH rrOBepXHOCT5IMII BbI3bIBaIOT CB5I3 aHHO CTb 3a,lJ;aIf rermonpononnocrn JI TepMOMeXa.HI1KH -repea ycnonns KOHTaKTHOrO B3aJIMO,ll;eJICTBJI5I, xoropsre, B CBOIO ouepeas, nepsona-ra.n.ao HeJI3BeCTHbI [1]. KOHTaKTHbIe zrasnenna, no.ryuaesrue JI3 pemenna 3a,lJ;aIfJI TepMOMeXa.HI1KH, orrpeztenmor KOHTaKTHbIe TepMJI1feCKJIe corrporrranenns, BJIJI5IIOIIlJ1e rra pacrtpeaerrenne rexrrreparypmrx rtoneii, JI, crreztoBaTeJIbHO, pe3YJIbTaTbI 3a,lJ;aIfJI TepMOMeXa.HI1KH. B 3TOM crry-rae JICrrOJIb3yeTc5I e,ll;JIHbIJI JITepau;rIOHHbIJI rrponecc pemetrns 3a,lJ;aIf TermorrpOBO,ll;HOCTJI JI TepMOMeXa.HI1KH na Ka)l()1;OM BpeMeHHOM mare ,ll;JI5I HeCTau;rIOHapHOJI 3a,lJ;aIfJI.

Meron KOHeIfHbIX 3rreMeHTOB (MK3) onem, yztooen ,ll;JI5I C03,ll;aHJI5I YHJIBepCaJIbHbIX rtporpaxontsrx KOMIIJIeKCOB, peaJIJI3YIOIIl)1X CB5I3aHHbIe 3a,lJ;aIfJI, rrOCKOJIbKY rr03BOJI5leT YIfeCTb JI cnoxrryro reOMeTpJIlO B3aJIMO,ll;eJICTByroIIl)1X ren C rrpOJI3BOJIbHbIM IfJICrrOM sapanee HeJI3BeCTHbIX 30H KOHTaKTa, JI rrpOJI3BOJIbHbIe rpamrnnre ycrrOBJI5I, a TaK)Ke CrrO)KHbIe peonortrrecxne CBOH:CTBa MaTepJIarra, 3aBJIC5IIIlJ1e OT rexrrteparypsr. ~JI5I peaJIJI3au;rIJI CrrO)KHbIX ycrrOBJIH: KOHTaKTHOrO B3aJIMO,ll;eH:CTBJI5I 6bIJI pasparioran CrreIJ;JIaJIbHbIH: KOHTaKTHbIH: KOHeIfHbIH: anexrerrr ,ll;JI5I pemetrns ,ll;BYMepHbIX 3a,lJ;aIf [2], OCHOBaHHbIH: na KOHu;eIIIJ;JIJI KOHTaKTHOrO cnoa, He JIMelOI.I.J:ero TOJIIIl)1HbI. OH rr03BOJI5leT YIfJIThIBaTb TepMJI1feCKOe KOHTaKTHoe corrporrrsnerrrre B 3aBJICJIMOCTJI OT KOHTaKTHOrO ztannenna, rennorrpoaomrocrn B3aJIMO,ll;eH:CTByroIIl)1X ,ll;eTarreH:, cpezrsr, 3arrOJIH5llOI.I.J:eH: 3a30PbI Me)K,ll;y MHKpOBbIcryIIaMJI; BbICOry MHKpOllepOXOBaTOCTJI KOHTaKTHbIX rrOBepXHOCTeJI; JI ,ll;pyrne cPaKTOPbI, cornacno 3aBJICJIMOCTJI, rrpcanoxcaaoii B paoore [3]; a TaK)Ke O,ll;HOCTOpOHHee CJIJIOBOe B3aJIMO,ll;eH:CTBJIe; HaJIJI1fJIe CJIrr cyxoro TpeHJI5l; rpaHJI1fHbIX ycrrOBJIH:, 3aBJIC5IIIl)1X OT 30H KOHT aKT a; cPpJIKIJ;JIOHHOe rertnossrne.temte

[1] .

C noxrontuo MO,ll;epHH3HpOBaHHOrO rrporpaxosnoro KOMIIJIeKCa KROK [4] ycnenmo 6bIJI pemen PM crannoaapmrx JI necrannonapmrx TepMOKOHTaKTHbIX saztax. 3TO rr03BOJIJIJIO rr01IY1fJITb HOBbIe pe3YJIbTaTbI ,ll;JI5I TaKJIX 3rreMeHTOB M8lIII1H, KaK 3aMKOBbIe Coe,ll;JIHeHJI51 rronarox ra30BbIX Typ6JIH, rJIJIb3bI IJ;JIJIJIH,ll;pa

67

,lJ;ByxraKTHOrO OIIII03HTHOrO ztrrsena, EapOBhIe KOJIhu;a ,lJ;ByxraKTHOrO ,lJ;BrrraTelliI, a TaKEe paCCMOTpeTh TepMOHaIIp5IEeflHYlO nocaaxy TYP6HHHOrO ,lJ;IICKa na Barr B HOBOH: IIOCTaHOBKe.

TIPII peIIIeHHH 3a,n;aq 6hIJIO BhI5ICHeHO, xro ,lJ;lliI CXO,lJ;HMOCTII rrrepaunonnoro rrportecca B psrte crryuaen Heo6xo,lJ;HMO rrptrrierarr, K He5IBHhIM CXeMaM. 3a,n;aHHe nanam.noro npnomcsenns IIO pacrrpeztenemno KOHTaKTHhIX ztaencnaii oxasanocs Ba)KHhIM, KaK ,lJ;lliI COKpam:eHH5I lfIIcrra rrrepaunii, TaK II ,lJ;lliI peIIIeHH5I 3a,n;alf C lIepIIO,lJ;H1feCKHMH BO BpeMeHH 6hICTpOII3MeIDIEOIIlJ1MlIC5I ycrrOBIDIMlI KOHTaKTHOrO B3aHMO,lJ;eIICTBH5I, xoropsre HMeIOT MeCTO HaIIpHMep B EapOBhIX KOJIhU;ax, rtrrssax u;rrrrrrH,lJ;POB II T.,lJ; .

B xauecrne nanamrnrx ycnoanii ,lJ;lliI HeCTau;rrOHapHOH: 3a,n;alfII rennonpoBO,lJ;HOCTII MOEeT 6hITh rrpHH5ITO saztarnroe rexrneparypnoe none nmr rtorry-reno peIIIeHHe CTau;rrOHapHOII 3a,n;alfII TerrrrorrpOBO,lJ;HOCTII rrprr II3BeCTHhIX rparrrorrrsrx ycrrOBIDIX. ~lliI orrpeztenenna KOHTaKTHOrO TepMHlfeCKOrO conpOTHBrreHH5I B HalfarrhHhIH: MOMeHT BpeMeHH rrrrII Ee B xanecrne nana.n.noro npnomcsenns ,lJ;lliI CTau;rrOHapHOH: 3a,n;alfII 3a,n;aeTC5I OpIIeHTHpOBOlfHoe pacrrpe,lJ;erreHHe KOHTaKTHhIX ,lJ;aBrreHH:fi:, O,lJ;HOBpeMeHHO orrpeaenmomee 30HY KOHTaKTa. 3TO II03BOlliIeT IIOJIYlfHTh nanam.noe rrptrnrnrxerrrre ,lJ;lliI rexrrteparypnoro IIOlliI II He TOJIhKO COKpaTHTh -mcno nreparmn, HO II IIOlIaCTh B 30HY CXO,lJ;HMOCTII rrrepaunonnoro rrpouecca,

TIPII CKalfKOo6pa3HOM II3MeHeHHH TepMHlfeCKOrO corrpOTHBrreHH5I B 3aBIICHMOCTII OT KOHTaKTHOrO ,lJ;aBrreHH5I 6hIBaIOT CJIYl._IaH, KOr,lJ;a peIIIeHH5I TepMOKOHTaKTHhIX 3a,n;alf B CTau;IIOHapHhIX IIOCTaHOBKax He cy:rn:eCTBYIOT (rrpnsrep, npnaeztenrnrti B paoore [5], cTp.440). TIPII 3TOM 3a,n;alfa HMeeT peIIIeHHe B necranaonapnoit IIOCTaHOBKe, KaK lIepIIO,lJ;H1feCKa5I BO BpeMeHH.

B OTJIH1fIIe OT crarurotraprrux TepMOKOHTaKTHhIX 3a,n;alf, xoropsre He HMeIOT peIIIeHH5I, MO)KHO rrpHBeCTII rrpnxepu IIO,lJ;o6HhIX saztau, ,lJ;lliI KOTOPhIX cyutecrsyer ,lJ;Ba peIIIeHH5I, IIOJIYl._laeMhIe II3 Pa3JIH1fHhIX trananr.rnrx rrpII6rrrrEeHH:fi:. TIpe,lJ;lIorrO)KHM, lfTO rermonaonnponanrnrti IIO 60KOBOH: IIOBepXHOCTII crepxerts ,lJ;JIHHOH: 1 C O,lJ;HOrO KOHu;a HMeeT rr,n;earrhHhIH: KOHTaKT C XOrrO,lJ;HOH: CTeHKOH:, a C ztpyroro - 3a30p 8 C roprrreii, ,lJ;lliI KOTOPOH: rexrrteparypa rra ~ TOC BhIIIIe. O,lJ;HO II3

~ ~

TPHBIIaJIhHhIX peIIIeHHH: renrreparypa CTep:>KH5I pasna resmeparype XOrrO,lJ;HOII

CTeHKH, KOHTaKT C ropsrreii OTcYTcTByeT. Ecrnr B HalfaJIhHOM rrpII6rrIIEeHHH ,lJ;OrryCTHTh rr,n;eaJIhHhIH: KOHTaKT C ropsueit CTeHKOH:, TO rexrrteparypa CTep:>KH5I 6Y,lJ;eT pacrrpenerrena IIO JIHHe:fi:HoMY 3aKOHY T (x) = T x + ~ T . x . Crepxem, IIOJIYl._lHT

,lJ;OIIOJIHHTeJIhHOe y,lJ;JIHHeHHe a~T 12 /2. Ecnn 3a30p 8 OKaEeTC5I MeHhIIIe, lfeM 3Ta BeJIH1fHHa, B03IDIKHYT resrrreparypmre C)KHMaIO:rn:rre HaIIp5IEeHH5I, paarure

KOHTaKTHOMY ztannernno

c ; = E(a ·I1T 12/2 - 8)11

TaKHM 06pa30M peIIIeHHe crarmonapmrx TepMOKOHTaKTHhIX saztan MOEeT 3aBIICeTh OT HalfaJIhHhIX ycnoanii rrrrrr rrpeasicropnn HarpYEeHH5I II narpena. 68

Hanpnncp, ecnn B cny-rae ManOrO aasopa nyrexr paCT5I)l{eHIUI HJlli rroztorpena

~ ~

crepxota BBeCTH ero B KOHTaKT C rOp5PIeH CTeHKOH, TO C TeIfeHHeM BpeMeHH

KOHTaKTHOe B3aJ11v[O,ll;eficTBHe 6Y,ll;eT rrpoztorcsart.ca. Ecnn )l{e ,ll;JI5I sasopa crrpanenrrrrso COOTHOIIIeHHe 8 > cusl' I z /2, peIIIeHHe COOTBeTcTByeT TPHBHaJIbHO:M)!, He3aBHCJ11v[O OT rrpensrcropmr.

HaJIIIIIHe CHIT cyxoro TpeHIUI, a rarose Heo6paTHMbIX nnacrrorecxnx ,ll;eQJopMa.IJ;I1ii: rpeoyer ynera HCTOPHH HarpY)l{eHIUI, rrOCKOJIbKY peIIIeHHe 3a,ll;aIfH MO)l{eT 3aBHCeTb OT rrOCrre,ll;OBaTeJIbHOCTH rrpHKJIa,ll;bIBaeMbIX HarpY30K, a ,ll;JI5I yrrpyrortnacrrrrecxnx 3a,ll;aIf - OT oprarmsamm rrrepamromroro npouecca.

HaJIIIIIHe rrO,ll;BH)l{HbIX, C YIfeTOM TpeHIUI, B3aJ11v[O,ll;eficTBHH ncra.rcii rrprreomrr K rennoaane.rermro B 30Hax KOHTaKTa (nanpnnep, B TOPM03HbIX ycrpoiicrsax), B 3THX crry-rasx neooxonmao YIfHTbIBaTb HCTOIfHHKH renrra TaKOrO poaa, rrOCKOJIbKY OHH MOIyr OKa3bIBaTb cYIIIeCTBeHHoe BJllUIHI1e na pe3YJIbTaTbI. C ztpyro« CTOPOHbI, rerrnontraerrerrrre rrpn TpeHHH HCrrOJIb3yeTc5I B TeXHOrrOrHIfeCKHX rrponeccax, narrpmrep, cnapxa ncra.rcii rrpn rrOMOIIlJ1 TpeHIUI. MOIIlJ{OCTb HCTOIfHHKOB renna B 30He KOHTaKTa npn 3TOM orrpenennerca rro cneayromeuy coortrorrretrmo:

Q = 107( I· Imp ·V BTicM2,

r,ll;e 0 - KOHTaKTHOe ,ll;aBrreHHe, -f - K03QJQJHIJ;HeHT TpeHIUI, V - CKOPOCTb

7( J~

OTHOCHTeJIbHOrO rrpOCKaJIb3bIBaHIUI.

F,

eM"
25 1,1 I
~ ~ ~
,n I'
lei I:
I
II I,
II' I
II: , I, U:r;='t
,
I
11 : , _l
1,1
10 'I,'
, "
, , ,
I
""?"
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
'I
I' ,
,
2 I o

ZO Z,€M

10

PHC. 1 PaCIfeTHa5I cxexra KOHCTPYKIJ;HH.

:Px,~a,', I I ~I I I I

-'_ 400 -f--f--~--~--~--+--~--

I • I I I • I I

-~--~--~--~--~--~--~--

2:

300 -~--~--'~-'-~-'-t--~'--~--

I I I 'I I I I

PHC. 2. Pacrrpe,ll;erreHHe KOHTaKTHbIX ,ll;aBrreHHH

PaCCMOTPJ11v[ B KaIfeCTBe rrpmrepa CTaIJ;HOHapHYID KOHTaKTH)'IO sazta-ry 0 B03,ll;eHCTBHH aparnarornerocs IJ;HillIH)J;pHIfeCKOro CTaJIbHOrO rrO,ll;II5ITHHKa na ynpyrnii crroii H3 amoMHHHeBOrO crtnasa AK -4, rrescarmrri na )l{eCTKOM OCHOBaHHH.

69

PaC"IfeTHa5I CXeMa C znrcxpcmsamrcii na KOHe"IfHble 3rreMeHTbI H306paiKeHa rra pnc.l. CBOHCTBa xrarepnanoa, samrcsrrnre OT rexrrteparypsr, rrprrseztema B raorr.I. H rarin.Z. K03cpqnm;rreHT Ilyaccoaa ,n;IDI 060HX MaTepHarrOB rrpHHHMarrC5I paBHbIM 0,3. )KecTKocTb KOHTaKTHOrO enos - C = 106 MITa. Ha nrrOCKOCT5IX z = 0 H

Z = 20 CM rrpHHHMaJIHCb ycrrOBH5I rennoooneaa rpersero pozra

a = 0,25 BT/( CM2rpa,n;), Too = 20° C, na OCTaJIbHbIX nOBepXHocT5IX

a = 0,005 BT/(CM2rpa,n;), Too = 20° C. MOIIlJIOCTb CPPIIKU;I1oHHoro narpesa

orrpeztenanacr. no COOTHOIlIeHIIIO Q = Icr I·.{" l1cu· r ; rzre .{" l1cu = 15 7 pan/c.

K Jmp Jmp ,

3a,n;aBIillICb Ha"IfarrbHbIM pacrrpeztenennen KOHTaKTHbIX ,n;aBrreHHli no sceil nOBepXHOCTH KOHTaKTa 2 < r < 1 0, B cnynae rrrrocxoro no,n;II5ITHHKa rrpn B03,n;eHCTBHH narpyssrt, 6e3 y-rera rertrronuztenerrrts OT npantenns, nOJIY"IfHM pacrrpeztenemre KOHTaKTHOrO ztasnenna, rrpeztcranrremroe KpHBOH 1 na prrc.Z.

ITPH ynere rermoauaenenrer B 30He KOHTaKTa pacrrpeztenenne KOHTaKTHOrO zrannenna rrpnner BH,lJ;, npeacraanennuii KpHBOH 2 (PHC. 2).

EbIJI rarcse paccsrorpen crryuaii, xorna 3a30p MeiK,lJ;y no,n;IUITHHKOM H crroexr

orrpeztennerca COOTHOllIeHHeM 11 = 0,0025 (r -10 yz CM. KOHTaKTHble zrasnenna, rtonyaerrmre 6e3 yrera H C yneror« rertnonsme.tenna B 30He KOHTaKTa H306paiKeHbI KpHBbIMH 3 H 4 na pnc.Z.

TlJe P,MIla
~ > -
'9 - 295 9 - !S8
a - 2&5 B ... B
'7 - 235 7 - -so
1 6 - 295 6 --116'19

!5 - l?S 5 --150
·4 - 145 4: --.2iIllB
1
2 3 - US 3 -·-2:50
,2 - 85 Z --3810
1 ~ 55 1 --350 PHC. 3. Pacrrpeztenemre rexrrteparypnoro nOIDI H OKpYiKHbIX Harrp5IiKeHHli,n;IDI nnocxoro no,n;II5ITHHKa.

T °c 20 200 300 400
,
«-l O' l/rpazt 1,12 1,15 1,19 1,23
K, Br/tcxr-rpan) 0,385 0,331 0,314 0,306
E·I0-s MITa 2,1 2,0 1,93 1,86
, Ta6JIHu;a 1. Tertnorpnsrorecrore CBoHcTBa CTaJIH.

70

Pacrrpeztenemre rexrrreparyprrsrx IIOrreH rr OKpY)l{f{bIX narrpaxcnnii rrpn y-rere <ppIIKU;fIOHHOrO narpesa ,n;IDI IIrrOCKOrO n cxpyrrrennoro IIO,n;IDITHHKOB rrprraenenu COOTBeTCTBeHHO na prrc.3 rr prrc.4.

Ta6JIHu;a 2. Tertnoqnrsrraecrore CBoHcTBa aJIIO:MI1HI1eBOrO CIIJIaBa AK-4.

T DC 20 100 200 300 370
,
11..105 l/rpan 2,12 2,18 2,26 2,43 2,46
K, Br/tcn-rpan) 1,46 1,51 1,59 1,67 1,74
E·10-5 MITa 0,7 0,67 0,64 0,55 0,39
, TOe I P~M£Ia
~ ~ ,
9 - 305 9 - 85
8 - 288 B - 48
7 - ZE5 ? -5
-
6 - 238
& - -50
0 205
5 - -95
4 - liBD
3, 1:55 '1 -~1.18
-
2 - 138 3 -~1.85
1 - 105 Z --230
8 - 88 1 --2'75 Pnc. 4. Pacrrpeztenemre rexrrteparypnoro IIOIDI rr OKpY)l{f{bIX Harrp5DKeIDIfi: ,n;IDI cspyrnemroro IIo,n;IUITHHKa.

r,~CM

5

4 . ..5

, j9Ha KOHTaKTa.
I I' I I I I --.- P
I I' I I """"
I II ~ I I ~
I I I
I' I
I I, I i -
I I, I I I I I -<.
I I i I I
- ~ I i ~ - 1- -- , ,- ~
I $ ,
I i I I , I _.,_
I
I ! I I r*
,- U:r:"'"t['l;.=O

4

3.5

o

2

Pnc. 5. PaCLIeTHaJI cxesra KOHCTPYKIJ;HH.

Mozremrpoeanne TeXHOrrOrHLIeCKOrO rrponecca CBapKH aeraneit TpeIDIeM IIOKa)KeM na npmrepe, paCLIeTHaJI cxexra C Pa36HBKOH na KOHeLIHhle arrexrerrru ,n;IDI xoroporo rrpnsenena na pnc. 5. Mareprran zteraneii - cram, co CBOHCTBaMH, rrpHBe,n;eHHhIMH B Ta6rr.3. HaLIaJIbHaJI resaneparypa aeraneit - 200 C. Ha 60KOBbIX IIoBepXHoCT5IX

71

lO1JlliH,ll;POB K03<PtPHIJ;fIeHT rerrrrooovena a=0,005 BT/(CM2rpa,n;), na roprtax - a=O,1 BT/(CM2rpa,n;), rexrrteparypa cpeztsr Too=20oC rra ncex rrOBepXHOCT5IX. ITpOIT3Be,ll;eIDIe CKOPOCTIT OTHOCHTeJThHOrO Bpam:eHH5I na K03<PtPHIJ;fIeHT TpeHH5I rrpnnreaanocr. 100 pan/c. Paccxrorpeno ,ll;Ba CrryrI35I HarpYlKeHH5I zreraneii - P=50 MITa IT P=75 MITa.

Ta6rrrru;a 3. Terrrro<pIT3JIIIeCKHe CBoHcTBa MaTepITarra.

T °c ° 100 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
,
o- l O'' l/rpaa 0,36 0,54 0,72 1,12 1,33 1,51 1,66 1,75
K, BT/(CM'rpa,n;) 0,49 0,48 0,47 0,42 0,35 0,3 0,26 0,25
p-c, Br-cex/t' CM3.rpa,n;) 4 4,5 5 6 6,1 6,4 6 6,7
E·10-s MITa 2,03 1,99 1,97 1,85 1,69 1,43 1,08 0,6
,
K03tP. Ilyaccona 0,3 0,301 0,311 0,315 0,32 0,33 0,35 0,36 T:~OIC 1000

Pk,MIIa 50

1 - l e 2 - 3c 3: - 5(: 4 - 8c 5 - 'JOe

1 - lc

I :2: _' 3c

3 - St 4- 8c 5 - lOc

PITC. 6. Pacrtpenenemre rexrrteparyp IT KOHTaKTHbIX ztaanemrit (P=50 MITa).

4 -:Be 5 -, 110e

Px,Ivnla 60

-'-1--'--'

I 'I

I I

-,- .. --+--,

1 - 1'C 2 - 3c 3 - Sc 4 _' Be J - lOe

P

PITC. 7. Pacrrpeztenemre rexrrteparyp IT KOHTaKTHbIX ,ll;aBrreHHfi: (P=75 MITa).

72

Ha pnc.o H 7 npneeztemr pacrrpeztenemer KOHTaKTHhIX ztaanemtii H pacrrpeztenenne resrrteparyp B 30He KOHTaKTa B pasmrnrue MOMeHTbI npenean ,ll;JN nepaoro H sroporo cny-raa narpyxerorti.

Ha prrc.S rrpeztcraerreno pacrrpeztenemre reurreparyp B zteransx, yCTaHOBHBIIIeeC5I K KOHIfj! nponecca pasorpesa ,ll;JN HarpY30K: a - P=50 MITa; 6- P=75 MITa.

4 ,_ SOB 9 - UIEIO TOe
.' -
3 ,- <lBB B ~ 'jBB
0 2 3BO 7 - BBH
,-
1 ,- zaa 6 - 7BO
EI - rea 5 ~ 680
5 - "75'8 10- ISBO TOe
~
4; ,-, IGIlB 9 - usa
1 3 459 8 - lZ£IO
-
Z ,_ 3BB ., - IB1SEl
1. - 15'8 0 - 'JOO PHC. 8. Pacrrpeztenenne resrrreparyp ,ll;JN MOMeHTa BpeMemr t= 10 c.

TaKHM 06Pa30M, tPPHKu;HOHHhIH narpen cymecraerrao BJIH5IeT na pacrrpeztenenne I KOHTaKTHhIX zraanemrii. ~JN ooecrreremrs CXO,ll;HMOCTH rrrepaunonnoro rrpouecca rrpn BbIIfHcrreHHH KOHTaKTHhIX ztaanemrit OT rrrepanrm K rrrepamm HCrrOJIb3yeTC5I He5IBHa5I cxexra [1]

a~+l = a~. ~+ a~+l(l- p), rne ° < ~ < 1 06bIIfHO rrpHHHMaeTC5I ~ ~ 0,5 .

I-b rrOJIY1feHHhIX pe3YJIbTaTOB pacxera MO)I{HO c.tenars BbIB O,ll; , If TO 30Ha KOHTaKTHOrO B3aHMO,ll;eHCTBH5I C TeIfemreM BpeMemr rrOKaJIH3yeTC5I H rro Mepe paaorpesa zieraneii nepenemaerca OT 60JIbIIIerO pazmyca K MeHhIIIeMY. KapTHHa pacrrpeztenenns KOHTaKTHhIX ztaanemrit cyw:eCTBeHHO 3aBHCHT OT MOIIlJ-lOCTH HCTOIfHHKOB rertrroastztenernta, ITpHIfeM rrpn 60JIbIIIOH CKOPOCTH pasorpena rexmeparypa 6b1crpo H3MeH5IeTC5I B nocncnnnii rreprrozt npejremr, KOr,ll;a 30Ha KOHTaKTa CTaHOBHTC5I MarrOH, a KOHTaKTHhIe ,ll;aBrremrn - 60JIbIIIHMH. Pe3YJIbTaTbI rroseonsror czrenars BbIB O,ll; , If TO cnapxa zteraneii 6Y,ll;eT rrpOHCXO,ll;HTb rro He6oJIbIIIOMY KOJIbu;eBOMY YIfaCTIcy KOHTaKTHOH rrOBepXHOCTH.

Crrenyer OTMeTHTb, If TO B paCCMaTpHBaeMbIX sana-tax 3HaIfHTeJIbHhIH

~ ~

mrrepec MO)l{eT rrpencrannsrrs H3HOC KOHTaKTHhIX rrOBepXHOCTeH, rrpHBO,ll;5IllJJ1H K

nepepacrrpeae.rermro H BbIpaBHHBaHHIO KOHTaKTHhIX ,ll;aBrremrH. 113HOC MO)l{eT

73

yqIITbIBaTbC5I, KaK MeCTHOe ysenrraernre saaopa Me)l{)J;y B3aJ11v10,n;errCTB)'lOI.I.IJ11lli ITOBepXHOCT5IMH, ITO MO,n;emr, rtpennoxemtoit B paoore [6] ;) = K . (J ~ • v , rzte 8 03HaLIaeT rrpotrssomryro rr3MeHeHH5I aasopa ITO BpeMeHH, K rr aK03tPtPrr:u;rreHTbI, 3aBrrC5IIIlJ1e OT CBOHCTB MaTeprrarra rr COCT05IHJI5I ITOBepXHOcTeH, V - CKOPOCTb OTHOCIITeJIbHOrO rrpOCKaJIb3bIBaHH5I. Ilpn yxere rrsrroca neooxonmro rrCITOJIb30BaTb He5IBHble npexrenrrsre CXeMbI, cxoznrtre C rrCITOJIb3yroI.I.lJ11lliC5I rrpn peIIIeHHH 3a.n;aLI no.rsyrecrn [6]. B rrpOTHBHOM cnyuae JIMeeT MeCTO acycroibrrresrii BbILIrrCITHTeJIbHbIH rrpouecc ,n;alKe rrprr ,n;OCTaTOLIHO MaJIbIX npexrennsrx rrrarax .

.JIHTepaTYpa

1. I'apnam H. r. ~BOBJIMipHHfl: cKiHL£eHHoerreMeHTHHfl: aaanis KOHTaKTHHX sazta-r is Bpax)'BaHH5IM rennootcrirry: ..ABTope<}J. ,n;rrc .... KaH,lJ;. TeXH. HaYK, XapKID, 1999. 2. r OHTapoBcKJIfl: I1. I1., r apjaarn H. r. PacLIeT Harrp5IlKeHHO- ,n;e<}J0pMHpOBaHHOrO COCT05IHH5I 3aMKOBbIX cocarmcmrii rrOITaTOK TYP60MaIIIHH C y-qeTOM repvoxorrTaKTHbIX B3aJ11v1o,n;eHCTBrrH, 533- 53 6, COBepIIIeHCTBOBaHHe Typ6oYCTaHOBOK MeTO,n;aMH MaTeMaTHL£eCKoro rr tPrr3HL£ecKoro xroztemrpoaanas, Xapsxon, HI1Marn JIM. A.H.I1o,n;ropHoro HAH YKpaJIHbI, 1997. 3. I'onraposcsrrii I1. I1., MaTIOXHH 10. H. 0 rrpnvenennn He5IBHOH CXeMbI mrrerpnpoaanrer ITO BpeMeHH B KOHeLIH03rreMeHTHOM pacnere no.rsyrecrn KOHCTp)lKIJ;fIfl: ITO reopnn reuerrrrs C aHH30TPOIIHbIM yrrpomenrretr, Ilporincnsr MaIIIHHOCTpOeHH5I, 1998,3-4, 68-75. 4. lliJIbIKOB 10. I1., raHHH E. A., Ilapcacsnii C. H. KOHTaKTHOe TepMHL£eCKOe corrporrranemre, 3HeprH5I, Mocxea, 1977. 5. Iloztropmrii A. H., rOHTapOBcKJIfl: I1. I1., Knpxax E. H. rr ,n;p. 3a.n;aLIrr KOHTaKTHOrO B3aJ11v1o,n;eHcTBIDI 3rreMeHTOB KOHCTP)lKIJ;fIfl:, HaYK . .n;yMKa, Krten, 1989. 6. KpareJIbCKHH H. B., ~06pbIHHH M H., KOM6arroB B. C. OCHOBbI paCLIeTOB na rpenne rr rr3HOC, MaIIIHHOCTpOeHHe, Mocxaa, 1997. 7. ~IKOHCOH K. Mexamnca KOHTaKTHOrO B3aJ11v1o,n;eHcTBIDI, Mrrp, Mocxsa, 1989.

IIOCTYIIHna B pe;n:KOJ1J1efHlO 04.09.2001

Y~K 539.3:534.1

HECTAQIIO HAPHOE J];E<I>OPMIIPOBAHIIE MHOrOc.JIofiHbIX II.JIACTIIH II QII.JIIIHJ];PlflIECKIIX OEO.JIOqEK HA YIIPyrOM OCHOBAHIIII

H.B. ~orrrOITOrrOBa, C.B. YrpJIMOB, A.H. Illynnxoa

Hncmumym npobneu MaUiUHocmpOeHU51 HAH YKpauHbl, Xapuxoe, YKpauHa

In work the problem of non-stationary deformation of free-supported multilayer plates and cylindrical shells which lay on the elastic two-parameter foundation is considered. The behaviour of multilayer thin-walled constructions is described by the refmed theory of multilayer plates and shells. The influence of parameters of the elastic foundation on the stress-strained state of multilayer constructions is investigated.

74

nOCTaHOBKa3~a~u

HCCrre)JyeTC5I Harrp5IIKeHHO-,n;et}J0p:MIIpOBaHHOe COCTOillIlIe cnoromto-oneprux :MHOrOcrroi1::H::blx TOHKOCTeHHbIX KOHCTP)'KIJ;fIii (nnacrmr IT u;rrrrrrH,lJ;pIfII eCKJIX naneneii), rreIKaIIlJ1X na yrrpyroxr OCHOBaHHH, npn HeCTau;ITOHapHOM JI1\.ITIYJIbCHOM HarpYIKeHHH.

MHOrOCrrOHHa5I KOHCIpJ'I'IUN coopana IT3 cnoen rrOCT05IHHOrr TOJIIIl)1HbI.

KOJIIfIIeCTBO cnoes B rraxere PaBHO I, hi - TorrIIlJII-Ia r-ro enos. KalK,lJ;blrr IT3 cnoen IT3rOTOBrreH IT3 omropoztnoro IT3oIpoIIHoro MaTepITarra. MeXaHIfIIeCKHe xapaKTepITCTHKH i-ro crros: Ej, Vi - MO)JyJIb IOwa IT K03cpqmU;ITeHT Ilyaccona, p, - yztem.rraa rrrrOTHOCTb. KOHTaKT MelK)Jy crr05IMI1, a TaKIKe MelK,lJ;y :MHOrOCrrOHHorr KOHCIpYKIJ;HeIT IT OCHOBaHHeM ITCKIUO~aeT rrx paCCrraHBaHHe IT B3aJI:MHOe rrpOCKaJID3bIBaHHe.

l{JIJIHH,lJ;pIfIIeCKa5I rranern, orrrecena K opTOrOHaJIDHOrr KpHBOJIJIHeHHOrr CITCTeMe xoopanrrar Oxyz, rrp5IMOJIJIHeHHa5I OCb Oz narrpanrrena rro HOPMaJIJI K crr05IM, a rropvarrr.nas err Koop,n;HHaTHa5I rrOBepXHOCTb Oxy CB5I3aHa C HapYlKHorr rrOBepXHOCTblO nepsoro enos IT HMeeT paznryc R (pnc, 1).

K napysoroii rrOBepXHOCTIT nepsoro enos rrpnnoxena BHeIIIIUI5I crrrra

c? = q\x, Y,t) , a na HapyJKHYIO rroaepxnocrt. I -ro crros ,n;errcTByeT crura

qI = qI ex, Y,t) , rrpeacraanaromaa co6orr peaKIJ;HlO ynpyroro OCHOBaHH5I.

PITC. 1. MHorOCrrOHHa5I IJ;JIJIHH,lJ;pIfIIeCKa5I nanens.

Ma TeMa Tu~eCKaH MO)1;eJlb MHOrOCJIoiiHOii KOHCTPYKUUU

Ilosenemre :MHOrOCrrOHHorr KOHCTPYKIJ;HH orrrrcunaerca ypaBHeHH5IMI1 YTO~HeHHOrr reoprrn rrepsoro rropsrtxa, rrocrpoernroii 3.H.rprrrOJIlOKOM IT TI.TI.LJ:yJIKOBbIM B paoore [1].

75

ITepeMe:w:eHJI51 TO"L[KH i-ro cnoa B HaIIpaBrreHJIJI KOOp,llJUIaTHhIX JllIHII:i.i: X, Y II Z OIIIICbIBaIOTC5I cnenyrounoaa KfIHeMaTJI"L[eCKHMJI 3aBIICHMOCT5IMJI [2 - 4]:

r-i r-i

d = UO + Lh/V~ + (z - 51-1Wx' Vi = VO + Lh/,V~ + (z - 51-1Wy ,

)~ }~

I ° I

W = W , 51 = L h), 51-1 S Z S 51' i = 1,1 .

)=1

3,ll;eCb UO = UO(X, y, t), VO = VO(X, y, t), WO = WO(X, y, t)- IIepeMe:w:eHJI51 TO"L[KH KOOp,ll;JlHaTHOIl IIOBepXHOCTII B HaIIpaBrreHJIJI KOOp,ll;JlHaTHhIX JIJIHJIJI; 1V~ = o/X(X, y, t), 1V~ = 1V~(X, y, t) - yrrru IIOBOpOTa HOPMarrJI B rrpeztenax i-ro

crr05I; t - BpeM5I.

~ecpOpMau;rrn cnoes rrpearro.rararorcs MaJIDIMJI II OIIIICbIBaIDTC5I CPOP:MYrraMJI KOIillI

I _ I I 1 (i 1 WJ 1_ W 1 I -J

Ex - U,X' Ex = 1 + z/R V,y + R ' Ez - ,z' Y xy = y yx = 1 + z/R ";» + .x

" " "" "1" 1 "

Y xz = y~ = u:z + ~x ' Y xy = y yx = ~z + 1 + z/R w:y + R(1 + z/R) -J , i = 1,1 .

Ha OCHOBe 3aKOHa I'yxa YCTaHaBJIJlBaeTC5I CB5I3b Me)l{)l;y HaIIp5I)KeHJI5IMJI II ,ll;ecpopMaIJ;lliIM1I

I EI (I V I Sf I f EI (I V I Sf J

G x = 1 + ViE x + 1 - 2v i )' G Y = 1 + ViE Y + 1 - 2v i '

i EI (i VI rJ" J

G z = 1 + VI Ez + 1 _ 2vI I:J ,

r,ll;e

G = EI, Sl = E~ + E~ + E~ , i = 1,1 .

I 2(1 + vJ

0606:w:eHHhle yCJ1JIJ15I B i-OM crroe orrpenensrorcs Q:J0P:MYrraMJI

76

MaTeMaTH .. eCKaH MO,lJ;eJIb OCHOBaHHH

I10CKOJThKY u;eJThIO pa60TbI 5IBIDIeTC5I nccnenosarrne HeCTau;HOHapHOrO ,ll;ecpOp:MIIpOBaHH5I TOHKOCTeHHbIX KOHCrp)'RIU1ii:, a He H3y-qeHHe Harrp5IlKeHHO,ll;ecpop:MIIpOBaHHOrO COCT05IHIN B yrrpyroxr OCHOBaHHH, TO rrraBHbIH mrrepec rrpencraanaer peaKIJ;H5I OCHOBaHH5I B 30He KOHTaKTa. I103TOMy- saztana CBO,ll;HTC5I K naxoxztenmo CpaBHHTeJThHO npocroro MaTeMaTHIfeCKoro BbIpalKeHH5I, xoropoe 6Y,ll;eT C ,ll;OCTaTOIfHOH TOIfHOCTblO orrpenensrr, peaKIJ;HlO OCHOBaHH5I B 30He KOHTaKTa [5,6].

Ilpezmonaracrcn, If TO MHOrOCrrOHHa5I KOHCTPYKIJ;H5I nexcrr na yrrpyroxr 6e3HHepu;HOHHOM ,ll;BYXCTopOHHeM OCHOBaHHH, xoropoe rrpn B,ll;aBJIHBaHHH ,ll;ecpop:MIIpyeTC5I cornacno rtrrrorese Ilacrepnaxa [5, 6]

q£ = -ktrtJ(X,y,t) + IsV2w(x,y,t) , q{ = qi = 0

rne Is, Is - K03CPCPHu;HeHTbI IIOCTeJIH, VZ - orreparop JIarrrraca.

Cornacno pa60TaM [7, 8] OCHOBaHHe rrpe,ll;CTaBIDIeTC5I B BH,ll;e yrrpyroro cnoa KOHeIfHoH TOJIIIl)1HhI H, rorzta rrpH6JIHIKeHHble CB5I3H MelK)1;y K03CPCPHu;HeHTaMH IIOCTeJIH H MeXaHHIfeCKHMH XapaKTepHCTHKaMH yrrpyroro enos BblpalKaIOTC5I cneztyromrnr 06Pa30M:

E* GH

kt=-, k2= 0 ,

H 4

(1)

rzte Eo, Go, vo - MO)1;yJTh IOHra, MO)1;yJTh czmnra H K03CPCPHu;HeHT Ilyaccona OCHOBaHH5I,COOTBeTCTBeHHO.

HCIIOJTh3yeMa5I MaTeMaTHIfeCKa5I MO,ll;eJTh y-nrruaaer He TOJThKO IIOIIepeIfHoe ClKaTHe OCHOBaHH5I, HO H paoory ero na C,ll;BlIT. B IfaCTHOM crry-rae, rrpn k2=O, MO,ll;eJTh Ilacrepnaxa COBIIa,ll;aeT C IIIHpOKO H3BecTHoH MO,ll;eJThIO Bmnorepa [5, 6, 7].

YpaBHeHHH ,lJ;BHZeHHH H MeTO,lJ; penrenua

YpaBHeHH5I ,ll;BHlKeHH5I H rpamrnrsre ycrrOBH5I rrorryuerrsr C IIOMOIIU>IO sapnartnomroro rrpmrrnrrra Ocrporpaacxoro-I'amursroaa [2]. ~IDI u;HJIHH)1;pHIfeCKOH IIaHeJIH ypaBHeHH5I ,ll;BHlKeHH5I B yCHJIH5IX H MOMeHTax HMelOT BH,ll;:

± I N~,x + N~x,y - a~(u~ + ~ h/j1~,ttJ - ~~ \V~,ttl + qi = 0'

J=1 l ]=1

± I N~,y + ».: + ~ Q~ - a~(v~ + ~ hj\j1;,ttJ - ~~ \V~,ttl + q~ = 0'

J=1 l ]=1

I-I [ [j:]

j+l j+l j+l 0 k j+l j+l

hiL «: +Nyx,y-ap u,tt+Lhk\Vx,tt -~p \Vx,tt +

]=J k=1

77

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0,

a~ = J (1 + z / R ) dz '

°'_1

~ ~

~ = J (z - Si-IXI + z/R)dz, "(1 = J (Z - Si-Ir(l + z/R)dz·

°'_1

°'_1

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qucJleHHbIe UCCJle,11;OBaHUJI U o6cYm)];eHue pe3YJIbTaTOB

PacCMaTpHBaIDTC5[ rpexcnoiirrsre IUIaCTHHbI H IJ;HJIHH)J;pJIIIecKJIe rrarrerrn rra ynpyroxt OCHOBaHHH, rtoztsepxemrsre HMrryJIbCHOMY narpyzsenmo. KOHCTPYKWIH

HMelOT cneztytonnre reoMeTPJIIIeCKJIe XapaKTepHcTHKH: A = B = 0,6 M,

h, = h2 = h 3 = 0, ° 1 M. Ilepesiii H rpenrii cnon H3rOTOBrreHbI H3 CTeKJIa cnrrmcartroro (E3 = 6,67.104 MITa, VI = V3 = 0.22, PI = P3 = 2,5.103 Kr/M3), BTOPOfi: - H3 CTeKJIa opramorecxoro (E2 = 5,7.103 MITa, V2 = 0,38, P2 = 2,5.103 Kr/M3).

HMrryJIbCHa5£ rtarpysxa HMeeT BH)J;

cA = Po . H (t), ci = q~ = 0, -'1 s x S Xl' YI S Y S Yl'

rzte H(t) - tP)'lOOJ;fUI Xemrcailzra, Po = 1 MITa, Xl = Yl = 0,2 M; X2 = Y2 = 0,4 M.

Eo ncex paccvorpetrtrsrx HH)Ke rrpmrepax IIpHBO)J;5[TC5[ pe3YJIbTaTbI pacneron H3rn6Hblx Harrp5[)KeHIIi1: B re-nee X = Y = 0,3 M, Z = 0,03 M, pacnonoacen-

~ ~

HOH nocepeztrnre HapY)KHOH lIOBepXHOCTH rperr.ero enos.

Hccnezryercs BIDI5£HHe K03tPtPHWIeHTa k, na H3MeHeHHe HaIIp5[)KeHIIi1: a~ BO BpeMeHH. K03<PtPHWIeHT k, IIpHHHMarrc5[ paBHbIM 0, 10 H 100 MITa, IIpH 3TOM paoora ynpyroro OCHOBaHH5£ rra cztsrrr He ymrrsmanacs (k2 = 0). Pe3YJIbTaTbI pacnera rrpanezterrst rra pHC. 2.

H3 pHC. 2 cnenyer, lfTO IIpH YBeJIJIIIeHHH K03tPtPHWIeHTa nocrenn OCHOBaHH5£ BeJIJIIIHHa Harrp5[)KeHIIi1: B MHorocrrofi:Hofi: xoncrpysrnm nanaer. Anamn

78

KpHBhIX, rrpeztcranrrerrm-rx na 3TOM pIIC)'HKe, II03BOIDIeT cnerrars BhIBO,ll;, "L£TO y-rer yrrpyroro OCHOBaHHH rrpii IICCrre,ll;OBaHHH ,ll;HHaMH"L[eCKOrO IIOBe,ll;eHHH MHorocrro:fuIOfi KOHCTPJ'KlU1II Cym:eCTBeHHO nnnser na rrpouecc Korre6 aHHfi. Ecnn yrrpyroe OCHOBaHHe oroyrcrsyer, TO yponerrs MaKCHMarrhHhIX narrpaxcnnii ,ll;IDI u;rrrrrrH)J;pH"L[ecKofi rtanerm HHlKe, "L£eM ,ll;IDI IIrraCTHHhI. MaKCHMaJIhHhle 3Ha"L£eHH51 II3rn6HhlX nanps.semrii ,ll;IDI IIrraCTHHhI II 060rrO"L£KH na yrrpyroxr OCHOBaHHH rrpaKTH"L[eCKH COBIIa)J;aIOT.

0;.

Mrls'

75

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0;.

MI1a.

75

1

1

I

2 t, Me

--kE=D MHa _._. kl =1~ Mna ----- k1=100 MHa

Ilnacnma I1aHeJIh R= 1, 146 M

PIIC. 2. H3MeHeHHe Harrp5lIKeHHfi BO BpeMeHH.

d

J:' _

MEla. I

75

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R=0I.191 M 15

jO

50

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_~_ ~ R;t146 M

25

O[

30

45 kl !' Mrra 10

kr~UJO

._._._ . . "'"'"'"""'., ............ _._.---

_..

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a 6

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Ha pIIC. 3 rrccnezryercs 3aBIICHMOCTh MaKCHMarrhHhIX II3rn6Hhlx Harrp5lIKeHHfi B IIaHeIDIX C pa3HhIMII paznrycaan KpHBII3Hhl OT BeJllIlIHHhI K03QJQJrru;rreHTa nocrerm

79

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~ ~

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UeHTPaJIbHbIM yrnoxr cp =n (R=0,191 M).

Ha pHC. 3, a IIOKa3aHO H3MeHeHHe MaKCHMarrbHbIX H3rH6Hblx HarrpmKeHHfi B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT k, ,ll;JI5l naneneii C pa3HbIMH paztrrycaxrn KpHBH3HbI. Crrenyer OTMeTHTb, -qTO rrpn YBeJIJILleHHH K03<p<pHu;HeHTa IIOCTeJIH MaKCHMaJIbHble 3Ha-qemrn HarrpmKeHHfi aCHMIITOTJILleCKH CTpeIvrnTC5[ K O,ll;HOMY H TOMY )Ke snanemno. B crrysae nrracrmt H u;HJIHH)J;pJILleCKHX orono-rex C 60JIbIIIHM Pa)J;rryCOM KpHBH3HbI y-rer ynpyroro OCHOBaHH5l rrpnsoznrr K cyrrtecrnerrnovy CHH)Kemno YPOBH5l nanpzeemrii. Ha pHC. 3, 6 IIOKa3aHbI MaKCHMaJIbHble H3rn6Hble narrpnzcenrer B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT pazmyca KpHBH3HbI IIaHeJIH ,ll;JI5l pa3HbIX 3Ha-qeHHfi k-,

HCCrre.llYeTC5[ ,ll;HHaMH"L£eCKOe IIOBe,ll;eHHe MHOrOCrrOHHDIX KOHCTp)lKIJ;Hft, neacanurx na yrrpyroxr OCHOBaHHH TorrIIlJ1JiOH H = 1 M. MexaHJILIecKHe xapaxrePHCTHKH OCHOBaHH5l rtprrmnrarnrcs paBHbIMH: Eo = 8 MIla, Vo = 0,47 (K ay-ryx) , K03tPtPHu;HeHTbI IIOCTeJIH orrpenerrsmrct cornacno <poPMYrraM (1).

Ha pHC. 4 IIOKa3aHO H3MeHeHHe Harrp5[)KeHHfi cr~ BO BpeMeHH ,ll;JI5l rrrracTHHbI H UHlIHH)J;pJILleCKOH nanenn C R = 1,146 M. Pe3YJIbTaTbI pacnera rrptraezterru ,ll;JI5l KOHCTp)lKIJ;Hft 6e3 yrtpyroro OCHOBaHH5l, a TaK)Ke ,ll;JI5l KOHCTp)lKIJ;Hft na O,ll;HO- H ,ll;ByxrrapaMeTpJIIIeCKOM OCHOBaHH5lX. AHaJIH3 pe3YJIbTaTOB IIOKa3bIBaeT, -qTO B nanam.noii CTa)J;HH ,ll;HHaMH"L£eCKOrO B3aHMO,ll;eHCTBH5l KOHCTPYKu;HH C yrrpyrav o CHOBaHHeM, K03<p<pHu;HeHT IIOCTeJIH k2 He BJIH5leT na xapaxrep H3MeHemrn Harrp5[)KeHHfi, a na rrocnenyrontexr srarre zrediopnrrposanna rraunrraer CKa3bIBaTbC5[ cztsnr, coycnoancaasrii BTOPbIM K03<p<pHu;HeHTOM.

Ia{._

Mna 15

~

- 'it '

MOs,

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50

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80

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~ ~ ~

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1. fPlITOJllOK 3.11., LIYJIKOB Il.Il. TeopH5I B5I3KOyrrpyrnx: MHorOcrrofi::H::blx coonouex C )KeCTKHM 3arrOJIHHTerreM rrpn KOHeIfHhlX rrp orn6 ax, )KYPH. rrpHKJI. MeXaHHKH H rexnrorecsoii QJH3HKH, 1964, NQ 5, 109-117.2. Smetankina N.V., Sotrikhin S.Yu., Shupikov A.N. Theoretical and experimental investigation of vibration of multilayer plates under the action of impulse and impact loads, lnt. J. Solids and Structures, 1995, V. 32, NQ 8/9, 1247-1258. 3. YrpHMOB C. B. 0606meHHa5I TeOpH5I MHorOcrrofi::H::blx IIJIaCTHH, BecTHHK Xapsx. roc. IIOJIHTeXH. YH-Ta, 1998, NQ 21, 157-160. 4. lliYIIHKOB A. H., ~orrroIIorroBa H. B. Korreoamrsr MHorOcrrofi::H::bIX I.I;I1J1Ill-I.lpHIfeCIGIX rranerreii rrpn HMIIYJIhCHhIX B03,lJ;eii:cTBIDIX, BecTHHK Xapt,x. roc. IIOJIHTeXH. YH -ra, 1998, NQ 10, 1 04-111. 5. Ilacrepaax Il. JI. OCHOBhI MeTO,lJ;a pacnera tP)-'1f,ll;aMeHTOB na yrrpyrov OCHOBaHHH npn IIOMOII.J:H ,lJ;Byx K03tPtPIIIJ;HeHTOB nocrenn, Mocxaa, fOCCTpOHrr3,lJ;aT, 1954. 6. Kerr A.D. Elastic and viscoelastic foundation models, 1. of Applied mechanics. Transactions of the ASME, 1964, V. 31, Ser. E, NQ 3, 139-148. 7. Winkler E. Die lehre von elasticitaet und festigkeit, Prag: Dominicus, 1867. 8. Krrcenen B. A. Pacser IIJIaCTHH, Mocxaa, CTP OHrr3,lJ; ar, 1973

IIOCTYIIHJIaB peztsonnermo 14.09.2001

Y~K 62.254

CTATIIqECKIIII AHAJIII3 II COIiCTBEHHbIE KOJIEIiAHII.H PAliOqErO KOJIECA TYPIiOKOMIIPECCOPA C yqETOM TEXHOJIOrIIqECKIIX IIOrPEIIIHOCTEII

B.A. )KOB,lJ;aK, JI.M. CMHpHOBa

HaLjUOHaJlbHbtU meXHUtJecKUU yuueepcumem IXflH", Xapuxoe, YKpauHa

The static stress-and-strain state and free vibrations of cyclic symmetry structure with mistuning are investigated. The paper deals with the process mistuning modeling one variant on the 3D-model of the centrifugal turbocompressor firststage wheel. Comparative results of tuned and mistuned system analysis are presented.

1 IIocTaHoBKa sana .. u

OTKJIOHeHHe peansnax pa60IfHX xonec OT crporoii CHMMeTpHH MO)KeT rrpHBO,lJ;HTh K cymeCTBeHHhIM H3MeHeHH5IM B HX Harrp5I)KeHHO-,lJ;etPopMHpOBaHHOM COCT05IHHH,

81

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B pa60Te HCCrre.n;yeTC~ pa6o~ee KOrreCO rrepBOH cryrreHH ~eHTpo6e)KHoro rasorrepexa-ntaaromero ryp60KOMIIpeCCOpa C TeXHOrrOrJIIIeCKHMH OTKITOHe~ OT ~eCKOH CHMMeTpHH. KOHCTP)'KTHBHO KOrreCO COCTOHT H3 OCHOBHOrO )1;HCKa C 15 rronarrcaxm H noxpsmrroro )1;HCKa. TIOKpbIBHOH )1;HCK Coe)1;~eTC~ C nonarxaxnt rrpHITaHBaHHeM, ~TO rrpHBO)1;HT K rrosnrrertaro cvernerrns rrospsrmroro )1;HCKa OTHOCHTeITbHO OCH xoneca, BeITJIIIIlliOH HeCKOITbKO MHITITHMeTpOB.

PHC. 1. KOHe~H03rreMeHTH~ MO)1;eITb paoouero xoneca.

KOHe~H03rreMeHTH~ MO)1;eITb paooxero xorreca CO)1;ep)KHT 3000 rpexxreprrax rrpH3MaTJIIIeCKHX 20-TH Y3rroBbIX K3 (PHC. 1). M0)1; enrrposarrne CMern:e~ rrospsrmroro )1;HCKa (PHC. 2) rrpn rrocrpoerrmr KOHe~H03rreMeHTHOH pac-rernoii CXeMbI ocynrecrsnsnocs BBe)1;eHHeM B xrecrax CTbIKa noxpsrenoro )1;HCKa C nortarxaxnr rrpoxrexyrotrrroro enos. TIPH CMern:emrn rtosptrsnoro )1;HCKa O)1;HOBpeMeHHo cxrentamtcs B3aHMOCB~3aHHble Y3ITbI rrpojrezyro-nroro enos,

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I1]JOMeiICJ1"01:{H](;.IH errOR KOHelIHblX. 3JleMeHTOB

PHC. 2. MO)1;eITb CMern:e~ noxpuenoro )1;HCKa.

HH)Ke rrpeacraarrerru pe3YITbTaTbI pacueros CTaTJIIIeCKOrO H~C H coocrnenm,rx Korre6aHHH xoneca KaK ~ITJIIIeCKH CHMMeTpJIIIHOH CHCTeMbI, a TaK)Ke C y-rerov TeXHOrrOrJIIIeCKOH HeCHMMeTpHH.

82

2 CTaTUqeCKUH aHaJIU3

IT posenerru pac-reru no orrpeztenenrno rrarrpsracerrrro- ,ll;e<p0pMHpOBCUIHOro COCT051HH51 OT ,ll;eHCTBH5I ~eHTp06e)l{HbIX CHIT pa6oqero Koneca KaK qrrKrrnqeCKM ClIM11eTpJIIIHOH CHCTe:MbI H C yneron CMe:rn:eHIUI, aemrsmroi! 5 MM IIpH yrnosoii CKOPOCTH npamemea 1085 c' . Pe3YJIbTaTbI pacueron nOKa3bIBaIOT, qTO MaKCHMaJIbHble CTaTJIIIeCKMe rtepesremenna B xonece (co CMe:rn:eHHeM H 6e3) ,ll;OCTHraIOTC5I na nepndiepnn noxpsrsnoro ,ll;HCKa (PHC. 3a), a 30HbI MaKCHMarrbHbIX Harrp5l)l{eHHli pacrrorrararorca B oonacrn CTbIKa nonarox C OCHOBHbIM ,ll;HCKOM (PHC. 36). ITPH BHeceHHH CMe:rn:eHIUI B ClIM11eTpJIIIH)'IO cHcTeI\1Y n05IBJUIeTC5I oKpY)l{Ha5I rrepannosrepnocrr, Harrp5l)l{eHHli rra CTbIKe nortarorc C OCHOBHbIM ,ll;HCKOM, nemnnma KOTOPOH COCTaBJUIeT osono 6 % (PHC. 4).

D mm D

CJ o

(a)

(6)

PHC. 3. CTaTJIIIeCKOe rrarrpaxerrrto- ,ll;etPopMHpOBaHHOe COCT05IHHe: (a) - rtepetrentetrns, (6) - 30HbI MaKCHMaJIbHbIX Harrp5l)l{eHHli.

9.2x 109 .-------r"---r--."...-----,-----"--.,.--.--------,,--~-~----~_____,,

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1 2 3. 4 is 6 1 S Q 1:0 11 12' 13: 14 11 is

HOMep' C1eKT10pa

PHC. 4. OKpY)l{Ha5I HepaBHOMepHoCTb Harrp5l)l{eHHli.

83

3 HCCJle,1J;OBaHUe co6cTBeHHbIx KOJIe6aHUii

OTKJIOHemrn peansmrx pa60LIILX KOJIec OT crporoii cIIlvI1vIeTpHH COIIpOBOJK,ll;aIOTC5I napyurennev o6IIl)1X CBOHCTB CrreKTpOB co6cTBeHHbIX xoneoamrti, LITO MOiKeT IIpHBeCTJI K Cyru:eCTBeHHbIM H3MeHeIDI5IM B ILX ,ll;HHaMHL£eCKOM rtonenemnr, I1PHcyrCTB)'lOIIlJ1e B cnexrpe I.J;HKJIHL£eCKH CIIlvI1vIeTpHL£HOH CHCTe:MbI rrorrapno xparrure C06CTBeHHble LIaCTOTbI IIpH BHeCeHHH paccrpoiixrr paCCJIaHBaIOTC5I na ,ll;Be pa3JIHL£Hble. 3TO 5IBJIemre BJIeLIeT HCKaiKeHHe C06CTBeHHbIX Q_JOPM xoneoamrti, xoropue B cnynae CTpOrOH CIIlvI1vIeTpHH rrO,ll;LIIIINJIHCb B OKpYiKHOM HarrpaBJIeHHH ,ll;HCKpeTHOM)! rapMOHHL£eCKOMY 3aKOHY [1,3].

Ta6JIHu;a 1. Coocraerrrrsre CHCTe:MbI.

Co6CTBeHHble

HOMep LIaCTOTbI

1,2(1-51 KpaTHa5I)

3, 4 (2-51 KpaTHa5I)

5

6, 7 (3-51 KpaTHa5I)

8

9, 10 (4-51 KpaTHa5I)

co6CTBeHHa5I Q_J0pMa

84

Hccnezronanns pa60IffIX xonec 3aKpbITOrO rrrna [2] noxasann, If TO cnexrp C06CTBeHHbIX IfaCTOT MeHee IIJIOTHbIH, IfeM Y OTKpbITbIX~ C06CTBeHHble tPOPMbI ananorrorrru tPOPMaM Korre6aHJI:ft KOJIbu;eBbIX ,lJ;ITCKOB (HaJIJIIfITe Y3rrOBbIX ,lJ;ITaMeTpOB). C06CTBeHHble tPOPMbI Korre6aHJI:ft CHMMeTpJIIfHOIT CITCTeMbI IIpJIBe,lJ;eHbI B raon. 1.

B ,lJ;aHHOM crrynae IIpIT BHeceHHH OTHOCHTeJIbHO 60JIbIIIOrO CMe:rn:emur noxpsmrroro ,lJ;ITCKa (rro CpaBHeHlIlO C nonycxaesunr) coricrsemrsre IfaCTOTbI OTKJIOIDllOTC5I OT KpaTHbIX He3HaIfHTeJIbHO (raon. 2). B TO )Ke BpeM51 OTHOCHTeJIbHa5I rreperpysxa B CITCTeMe (T. e. OTHOIIIeHHe MaKCHMaJIbHbIX aMIIJIJITY,lJ; 3KBJIBarreHTHbIX narrpazcenrrii) na HeKOTOpbIX C06CTBeHHbIX tPOPMax OKa3bIBaeTC5I ,lJ;OBOJIbHO Cy:rn:eCTBeHHOH (raon. 2).

11 nee )Ke, B cnny 60JIbIIIOH CB5I3aHHOCTIT nonarox C OCHOBHbIM IT rrOKpbIBHbIM ,lJ;ITCKaMJI, ITCKa)KeHHe coocrseron,rx Q_JOPM He IIpe,lJ;CTaBJI5leT TaKOH orraCHOCTIT, KaK B pa60IfITX xonecax ocesux ryp6JIH IT KOMIIpeccopOB. ITo 3TOH )Ke IIpJIIfJIHe, IT IIpIT BbIHY)K,lJ;eHHbIX Korre6aHJI5IX He cnenyer O)KJI,lJ;aTb cy:rn:eCTBeHHOH 3aBITCHMOCTIT crerrenn rteperpysxn OT He60JIbIIIJIX tPa30BbIX IT3MeHeHHfi B crrexrpe BbIHY)K,lJ;aro:rn:eIT HarpY3KJI.

Tarirmrta 2. Co6CTBeHHble IfaCTOTbI IT rreperpyaxa.

HOMep co6CTBeHHa5IIfaCTOTa, c' OTHOCHTeJIbHa5I
If aCT OTbI rreperpY3Ka
CITCTeMa 6e3 CITCTeMa co CITCTeMbI co
cvernerrns cvernerraev CMe:rn:eHHeM
1 676.94 673.5 l.30
2 676.94 674.3 l.02
3 82l.52 819.7 l.05
4 82l.52 819.7 l.03
5 843.09 836.1 l.35
6 1561.8 1554.6 l.13
7 1561.8 1554.6 l.21
8 1577.8 1562.9 l.47
9 1977.7 1948.5 l.60
10 1977.7 1962.8 l.15 Jlrrrep a TYP a

1. 11BaHOB B .IT. Korre6aHJI:ft pa60IfITX xonec zyp60MaIIIJIH. - M.: MaIIIJIHOCTpOeHHe, 1983. - 224 c. 2. CHMCOH 3.A., Ha3apeHKO C.A., Cononrenxo B.A. AHarrIT3 Korre6aHJI:ft pa60IfITX xorrec zyp60MaIIIJIH, ~ITHaMJIKa IT IIpOIfHOCTb MaIIIJIH, XrITY, 2000, Bblrr.57. - C. 64-72. 3. Whitehead, D.S., 1966, Effects of Mistuning on the Vibration of Turbomachine Blades Indused by Wakes, Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, Vol. 8, pp. 15- 21.

IIocrYIIHnaB pezmormeraro 10.09.2001

85

Y~K 539.3:621.039.62

YIIP ABJIEHUE HAIIPH')KEHHbIM COCTOHHUEM IIJIOCKOU MHOrOCJIOllHOll KATYIDKU TOPOU)J;A.JIbHOrO MArHUTHOro IIO.JI.H

t.o. 3ai1::u;eB, n.r. lllYJIb)KeHI<O,

HatfU01WJlbHblU meXHU4ecKUU ynueepcumem "XIlIf", Xap ucoe, Yupauua

The possibility of reducing maximum stress in multilayer electromagnetic coils is considered. Optimum separation of conducting and nonconducting layers, which introduces the elastic support effect, is suggested. The [mite-element method and the modified plane stress state scheme are applied.

MeXaJIIIlIeCKa5I HarIp5[)KeHHOCTb xaryrrrex TOpOI1)l;aJIbHOrO MarHIITHOrO nOIDI 5IBIDIeTC5[ O,lJ;IDIM ll3 OCHOBHbIX <paKTOPOB, rrpeII5ITCTByroIIlJIX ,lJ;OCTll)KeHllIO BbICOKllX napasrerpoa 3rreKTpOMarHIITHbIX nonen B YCTaHOBKax no Y,lJ;ep)KaHIIIO nnasmr.

Hccneaoaanna no pau;rrOHaJIbHOMY rrpoeKTHpOBaHIIIO xarynrex

MllIDIMaJIbHOH MeXaJIIIlIeCKOH HarIp5[)KeHHOCTll paccnarpnnamtcs B pszte pa60T [1- 4]. B O,lJ;HllX paoorax rrpooncna pernanacs rrorrynemrext OIITllMaJIbHOH tPOPMbI xarymex [1, 2], B ztpyrnx - rrpnocrann K ,lJ;OnOJIHllTeJIbHOMY yrrpyrovy nonxpennenmo, llMeIOrn:eMY paamrmoe KOHCTpYKTllBHoe ncnonnerme [3, 4]. Ko BTOPOMY rrartpasnenrrro OTHOCllTC5[ II ,lJ;aHHa5I paoora,

Cxexra pacorarpnaaenoit nnocxoii xarymxn rrpencrannerra na pnc. 1. PM xaryrrren ,lJ;aHHOll KOHCTP)'KIU1J1 I01KJlWIeCKll CllMMeTpWIHO pacrrorroacerru OTHOCllTeJIbHO KorrOHHbI YCTaHOBKll C oIIHpaHHeM na nee. COBO:r<yIIHOCTb xarymex COCTaBIDIeT crrcrexry TOpOll,lJ;aJIbHOrO MarHIITHOrO nOIDI YCTaHOBKll [5].

Karymxa OTHOCllTC5[ K 6llTTepOBCKOMY TJIIIY II rrpe,lJ;CTaBIDIeT C060H MHorocrroHHyro nrracrmry co CTaJIbHbIMll nO,lJ;KpeIIJI5II0rn:HMll HaKJIa,lJ;KaMH (B) II rrposonnnrcii lfaCTll xaryrrrxa (I11.JK) B Bll,lJ;e Me,lJ;HO-ll30JI5lIJ;I10HHOrO KOMIIaYH,lJ;a. KoMMYTa.u;IDI BllTKOB I11.JK BblnOJIHeHa B "KOHTaKTHOH" 30He (K), a cxperrtemte ncero naxera ocy:w:eCTBIDIeTC5[ rrorrepemrtrvn IIIIIllJIbKaMH (na pncyrrxe nOKa3aHbI KpeCTllKaMH). Karynnca narpyxerra 3rreKTpOMarHIITHbIMll cnnaxra, rrpllJIO)KeHHbIMll K I11.JK B ee nrrOCKOCTll, rrpll6JIll)KeHHO 3a,lJ;aBaeMbIMll <poPMYrrOH [5]

F = k In(r.,Ir)2

r [In(re/af] r(Ro-rcos8)

rzte R« - panrryc OT ocn KorrOHHbI ,lJ;0 uenrpa xarynnor, k - K03<PtPllI.J;lleHT, orrpe,lJ;eIDIeMbIH ypOBHeM MarHIITHOrO nOIDI xarynrxn,

I1pllBe,lJ;eHHa5I tPoPMYrra ro-rrra ,lJ;IDI xpyrrroii xarynrxn II 0606rn:eHa rra CrrylfaH nepeMeHHoro BHeIIIHero pa,lJ;rryca r e .

PaBHO,lJ;eHCTByrorn:a5I 06'beMHbIX CllJI F, narrpaanena K xononne II nocrtpmrrrnaerca BBe,lJ;eHHbIM OIIHpaHHeM. Bcnezrcrane CllMMeTpllll xaryrrnor II lfeTHOCTll F, OT e paccsrarpnnaercs rtorroarnra orinacrn, a na JIllHllll paspesa

86

BBOMTC5[ ycnonns CJ-I::M::ry[eTpI1II.

6

+ + +
-l- + +
+ +
-l- + pJIC. 1 - Cxexra KaTym:KI1: A - cKpeIlTIeHHa5I xacn.; E - cram.true rraxrraztxn; B - IIaKeT Me,n;HbIX BJITKOB~ r - rrpoxnanxa; K - IKOHTaKTHa5I" 30Ha

B 6a30BOM BapJIaRTe KOHCTP)lIDlJ1J1 cxperrrenne cnoen rrpeztrtorraraerca IIO nceii rtnonrazm KaTym:KI1. B 3TOM crry-rae B3aJIMHOe CMe:r.u:eHHe cnoen orcyrcrsyer. I' eOMeTpJI5I xarynrsn JI xaparcrep ,n; eiicrsytonmx CHIT II03BOllillOT rrpJIMeH5ITb 06blIfJIYIO cxexry IlTIOCKOrO narrprcsemroro COCT05IHII5I, ,n;JI5[ IfJICrreHHOH pearrJI3aI..J;I1II KOTOPOH JICIIOJTh30BaH MK3 [7]. ITpJI 3TOM BBO,n;5ITC5[ 3tPtPeKfJIBHble MeXaHJI1feCKJIe xapaKTepJICTJIKJI CrrOJICTOrO KOMII03JITa.

AHaJIJI3 H~C 6a30BoH KOHCTP)'KIJJIfI, KaK JI B crry-rae KJIaCCJI1feCKOH xpyrrron xaryrmcn, IIOKa3arr cyrrtecrsemryro HepaBHOMepHoCTb pacrrpenenemrs narrpnacerntii, xoropue HOC5IT JI3rn6HbIH xapaxrep (raon., nap. I).

Tanrernmam.mre Harrp5[lKeHJI5I B TOIfKax 1--;-8 ITLIK JI xapaKTepJICTJIKa OIIHpaHJI5I

NQ BapJIaRT at, MITa F'/F
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
I Ea30Ba5I 32,1 10,7 12,1 24,0 12,1 24,0 41,6 18,9 °
KOHCTPYKIJ;H5I
II d = d max~ C= COIlT 22,8 14,4 20,7 15,6 31,2 22,3 30,5 29,4 0,6
III 2 23,4 14,6 17,0 18,9 31,5 16,9 31,4 25,6 0,4
d='3d=;C>COITT
IV d < d max; C« Com 18,4 17,0 23,6 13,3 46,1 20,4 21,2 38,9 1 ~JI5[ YMeHbIIIeHJI5I BJIJI5[HJI5[ JI3rn6HOro diaxropa peKOMeH.n;yeTC5[ yrrpyroe IIo,n;KpeIlTIeHHe xarymex [3-5]. ~JI5[ ,n;aHHOH KOHCTP)'KIJJIfI KaTym:KI1 3TO B03MOJKHO sa CIfeT IfaCTJI1fHOrO pa306:r.u:eHJI5I CTaJIbHbIX naxnaaotc JI ITlJK, OIIHpaHJI5I CTaJThHbIX

87

HaKJIa,lJ;OK (CH) HerrOCpe,ll;CTBeHHO na xonormy, a ITLIK - na xononny Ifepe3 rrpOKJIa,lJ;KY .

Cnencrnrrexr aroro 5IBIDIeTC5I rrpHITOEeHHe peammn rtozt HaKrra,lJ;KaMH K xaryrrnce Ifepe3 illIHHIO pa306:w:eHH51 L (CM. pHC. 1), If TO COOTBeTcTByeT yrrpyroxry OIIHpaHHIO. KaK MeXaHH1feCKa5I CHCTeMa xaryrmca C Pa306:w:eHHeM rrpeacrannaer C060H MHorocrroftHyIo nnacrrnry, rra IfaCTH 06rraCTH KOTOPOH crrorr cxpertnemr (A), a na IfaCTH ,ll;etPopMHp)'IOTC5I He3aBHCHMO (E H B). Eo scex cnosx peaJIH3YeTC5I cxexra nnocxoro narrpsrxemroro COCT051HH51 (ITHC).

B MaTeMaTHIfeCKOM nnane BBe,ll;eHHa5I cxexra ,ll;eQJopMHpOBaHH5I B paxncax ITHC HMeeT HeTpa,lJ;HIJ;HOI-II-IYlO tPOPMYITHpOBKY, 60rree rtoapoono paccxrorperntyro B [6]. B CHCTeMe ypasncrrrrii MK3, no.rysacsroii cornacrto [7], CB5I3b Me)K,ll;y nonorinacrmrn A, E, B o cy:w:eCTBIDIeTC5I -repes ypaBHeHH51, xoropsre cooTBeTcTB)'IOT ysnan JIHHHH CTbIKOBKH (pa306:w:eHH51) L.

Ka)K,ll;a5I noztoonacrr. nnacrmru HMeeT CBOH 3KBHBarreHTHble EeCTKOCTHble XapaKTepHCTHKH, 3aBHC5Irn:He OT COIfeTaHH5I cnoen, HX TOrr:w:HH H yrrpyrnx XapaKTepHCTHK H orrpenenaewsre rrpaBHITaMH MeXaHHKH KOMII03HTOB. B p e3YJIbT are pacnera orrpezte.rsrorcs peansrure rrepesrerrtemrsr B rrrrOCKOCT5IX nnacrnn, a TaKEe rrOrryrIaIOTC5I MaKpOHarrp5lEeHH51, xoropue HCrrOJIb3yroTC5I ,ll;IDI rtepec-rera Harrp5lEeHHfi: B COCTaBlliIIOrn:HX rtonoonacrr, cnosx rro rrpOCTbIM tPoPMYrraM .

113 peIIIeHH51 3a,lJ;aIfH 06 OmHMaJIbHOM yrrpyroxr rromrpernremrn xpyrnon xarynrsn TOpOH,ll;aJIbHOrO MarHHTHOrO rrOIDI rro CTep)KHeBOH MO,ll;eJIH H3BeCTHO, If TO HaH60JIbIIIHH 3tPtPeKT CHHEeHH51 Harrp5lEeHHfi: HMeeT MeCTO rrprr peaJIH3aIJ;I1H yrrpyroro OIIHpaHH5lIfepe3 Cpe,ll;HIOIO IfaCTb xaryrrrxa (8L ~ 0,51I). 3TO rrozrrsepannn H rrpoeezremnre IfHcrreHHble HCCrre,ll;OBaHH5I rro rrpeanoacernton cxexte npn Pa3JIH1fHbIX yrnax pa306:w:eHH51 8L. Eorree rrpezorerao B ,ll;aJIbHeHIIIeM paCCMaTpHBaeTC5I HMeHHO TaKOH crryuaii.

Ha pHC. 2, 3 rrpencrannenu pe3YJIbTaTbI pacxeru H~C xarymxn C Pa306:w:eHHeM rrpn rrOJIHOM oIIHpaHHH (d = 0) na cram.nsre HaKrra,lJ;KH. KapTHHa cxrcnrcnnil H pacnpenenenne Harrp5lEeHHfi: QJH3HIfecKH nnrepnperrrpyesra. Cymecrnenno 60rree HH3KHH yposem, Harrp5lEeHHfi: B ITqK rronoonacrn A CB5I3aH C rtozrspertnsrormnr ,ll;eHCTBHeM CH. BbI5ICHHM ycrroana OmHMaJIbHOrO yrrpyroro oIIHpaHH51 xaryrmcn 6e3 rromcperrnerrna B nonoonacrn A.

Crarrsnsre rraxnanxn, coemrrremrue C Me,ll;HbIM rraxeroxr rro JIHHHH L, BOcrrpHHHMaIOT He TOJIbKO rrpO,ll;OJIbHYIO CHITY, KOTOpa51IfaCTHIfHO ypaBHOBeIIIHBaeT paBHO,ll;eHCTB)'IOIIJYlO BHeIIIHHX CHIT, HO H H3rn6aIOrn:Hi1 MOMeHT H rtepepesstsaronryro CHITY. CMO,ll;eITHpyeM cnyuaii, 6JIH3KHH K OmHMarrbHOMY yrrpyroxry rroaspertnemrro KpyrJIbIX xarynrex [5], rrpeztycxrarptrnarontexry rtepeztany TOJIbKO rrpO,ll;OJIbHOH CHJIbI. ~IDI eroro BBe,ll;eM cocpeaoro-renrroe oIIHpaHHe CH npn d = dmax. Pacnpeztenenne Harrp5lEeHHfi: IT e B CH na JIHHHH L rrpaKTHIfeCKH pannotreptroe, T.e. ,ll;eHCTBHTeJIbHO orropsr rrepeztaror TOJIbKO rrpO,ll;OJIbHYIO cHITY.

88

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14 28 -92 21,0 7,9 ~9,3 -39,1

PMC. 2. TaHTeHIJ;MaJThHhle Hanp5DKeHIDI (MITa) B CTaJThHhIX (crrrrOIIIHa5I JIHHlUI) M Me,lJ;HhIX (rryHKTIIpHa5I JIHHIDI) enexrerrrax KaTym:KI1 rrpn HX IfaCTWIHOM paso 6r.u:eHHH

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PMC. 3. ~erPopMaIJ;IUI KaTym:KI1 C IfaCTWIHO Pa306r.u:eHHhIMH CTaJThHhIMH M Me,lJ;HhIMH 3rreMeHTaMM:

1 - nonoacenne IfaCTM A KaTym:KI1 co cxpermenasnut 3rreMeHTaMJI;

2, 3 - no.roxenae IfaCTeH: E, B KaTym:KI1 COOTBeTCTBeHHO Pa306r.u:eHHhIX CTaJThHhIX M Me,lJ;HhIX 3rreMeHTOB

Bapsnpoaanacs JKeCTKOCTb rrpOKJIa.n;KH rtozt ITLIK C rtentro CHHJKeHlUI MaKCHMaJThHhIX Hanp5IJKeHHfi B Me,lJ;M (IT"llK). Pe3YJThTaTbI ,lJ;JI5I OmHMaJThHOrO sapnarrra II (JKeCTKOCTb rrpOKJIa.n;KH COIIT) rrpencraanemr B Ta6ITHu;e ,lJ;JI5I TOIfeK, YKa3aHHbIX na pMC. 1.

OCHOBHOH: XapaKTepMCTHKOH: OmHMaJThHOrO yrrpyroro OIIIIpaHIDI 5IBJI5IeTC5I COOTHOIIIeHHe CYMMapHOH: peaKIJ;HH yrrpyroro OIIIIpaHIDI na CH P M pe3YJThTIIpYIQr.u:eH: BHeIIIHHX CHIT F. BeJIWIHHa P BblIfMCJI5IJIaCb KaK rnrrerpan OT Hanp5IJKeHIDI a e B CH crrpasa OT ITHHHM L. Crura F panna cYMMe P M CYMMapHOH: peaKIJ;HH rrpOKJIa.n;KH non ITlJK (P'). ~JI5I ,lJ;aHHOH: 3a.n;aIfM OmHMaJThHa5I BeJIWIHHa F'IF COCTaBHITa 0,6 (3aMeTHM, If TO ,lJ;JI5I xpyrnoii KaTym:KI1 3TO 3HaIfeHHe PaBHO 0,8

[5] ).

89

~JUI peansnoro OIDIpaHI15I ("ITO,ll;KOB006pa3HaJI" pa306:rn:eHHaJI -racrr, CH) CH BOCrrpI1HI1:MaIOT BCe CI1JIOBble QJaKTOPbI H orrrroransrroe oIDIpaHHe IllvIeeT MeCTO na oonee JKecTKofi rrpOKJIa,LJ;Ke. Cpezmas qaCTb CH repser KOHTaKT C xononnoii, IT03TO:MY nenecooopaano saparree o cynrecrnnrm, HeITOJIHOe oIDIpaHHe

(d R: % dtruX)' ~JUI 3TOrO sapnarrra (nap, III Ta6rrHIJ;bI) MaKCIllvIaJIbHOe rrarrpsrxemre IllvIeeT rrproreprro TaKHe JKe BeJIHqHHbI , KaK H ,ll;JUI rrpensutymero, O,ll;HaKO XapaKTepHCTHKa F1F R: 0,4.

TaKIllvI 06Pa30M, orrrroaa.rsrroe ynpyroe oIDIpaHHe KaTym:KI1, rrony-rerrnoe qaCTffqHbIM Pa306:rn:eHHeM CH H ITqK, a TaKJKe qaCTffqHbIM JKeCTKIllvI oIDIpaHHeM CH H yrrpynea oIDIpaHHeM ITLIK C sanarmoii ITO,ll;aTJIHBOCTbIO, IT03BOJUIeT CHH3HTb MaKCIllvIaJIbHble paCT5IrHBaIOlIIJ1e Harrp5lJKeHH51 B Me,ll;H C 41,6 zto 31,5 MITa.

~pyrofi oTBeTCTBeHHofi xapaxrepncrmcori Harrp5lJKeHHOCTH Me,ll;H B ITqK 5IBJI5IIOTC5I Harrp5lJKeHH51 rra rparrmte K3, xoropsre ,ll;JUI 6a30BOrO H OmIllvIaJIbHOrO ITO MaKCIllvIaJIbHbIM Harrp5lJKeHH5IM BapHaHTOB pacrrpeztenemr oxem, nepaanouepno. MOJKHO ,ll;06HTbC5I ITOqTH paarroxreprroro (nap, IV) pacrrpeztenemer Harrp5lJKeHHfi na rpanrnte K3, rrpn 3TOM, O,ll;HaKO, B03pacTaIOT MaKCIllvIaJIbHble Harrp5lJKeHH51 B ztpyrrrx (xrerree OTBeTCTBeHHblx) qaCT5IX KaTym:KI1. Pe3YJIbTaTbI aapnarrra IV no.ryremr npn HeITOJIHOM oIDIpaHHH CH H onem, nonarnneoii rrpOKJIa,LJ;Ke ITO ITqK.

JIHTep a TYP a

1. Jleirrec Jl.B. Toponztansnsrii peaxrop 6e3 cepae-nmxa ,ll;JUI aneprocncrew/M. 3rreKTpffqeCTBo. - 1960. -.J\fQ 11. - C.76-81. 2. Illadipanoe B.~. 060mIllvIaJIbHofi diopne TOPOH,ll;aJIbHbIX conenonnos/z )KYPH. TeXH. cpH3HKH. - 1972. - 42, BbIIT. 9. - C. 1785-179l. 3. BayJIHHa 11.r., Ennceea B.B., ITaJIbMOB B.A. H ztp. 0 pacnere rrpOqHOCTH snexrpouamrmroti CHCTeMbI YCTaHOBKH T - 20 II ~OKJI. BcecoI03H. KOHcp. ITO HHJKeHepHbIM rrp06rreMaM repuoszteptrux peaxropos. Jlerrmrrpazt, 28-30 HIOH5I 1977 r. Jl., Hayu-nccnezt. HH-T anercrpodntarrr. arrnaparypsr IllvI. ~.B. Edipcsroaa, 1977. - I. - C. 265-273. 4. MOHTrOMepH ~.E. Pa3pa60TKa MarHHTHbIX CHCTeM II Tp. 11H-Ta HHJKeHepOB ITO 3rreKTpOTeXHHKe H pa,LJ;H03rreKTpoHHKH. - 1981. - 69, .J\fQ 8. - C. 133-167. 5. P acner na rrpo-rnocrr, 6HTTepoBcKofi KaTym:KI1 TOpOH,ll;aJIbHOrO MarHHTHOrO ITOJUI YCTaHOBKH THIIa TOKaMaK! A.H. Iloztropnuii, Af". Knpon, E.cD. 3afi:u;eB H ztp=-Xapsxce, 1986. - 43 c. (ITperrpHHT/AH YCCP. 11H -T npoon. MaIIIHHOCTpOeHH51: .J\fQ 235) 6. 3afi:u;eB E. cD. MO,ll;HCPHIJ;HpOBaHHaJI cxexra nnocxoro Harrp5lJKeHHOrO COCT051HH51 ,ll;JUI MHorocrrofiHofi nnacrmru II HaYKOBrrH: BicHHK 6Y,ll;IDHHIJ;TBa. - 2001.- BbIIT. 14. -C.40-43. 7. PeIIIeHHe rrpHKJIa,LJ;HbIX KOHTaKTHbIX 3a,LJ;aq MeTO,ll;OM KOHeqHbIX 3rreMeHTOB I A.H.ITo,ll;rOPHblfi, f. A. Mapuemco, IT.IT. fOHTapOBCKHfi, E.H. Knpxau. - Xapsxos, 1984. - 64 c. (ITperrpHHT/AH YCCP. 11H-T npoon. MaIIIHHOCTpOeHH51:.J\fQ 198)

IIOCTYIIHJ1a B pe;l:lKOJ1J1erHIO 04.09.2001

90

Y~K 539.3

OIIPE)J;EJIEHIIE BII)J;OB PEMOHTA MArIICTPAJIbHbIX TPYEOIIPOBO)J;OB B 3ABIICIIMOCTII OT PA3MEPOB )J;E<IlEKTHbIX )!qACTKOB

O.B. Korroxona, 11.<1>. Bopomarnn, B.H. KOHOXOB l!HJlCeHepHO-meXHUtfeCKUU ueump "Iluaznocmuua ", Xapuxoe, YKpauHa

In present article offers a repair laying necessity determination methods and air of required repair arterial conduits in dependence on size of corrosive defeating. A Given methods founded on being nonnative documents and allows to take into account majority of factors, determining bearing conduits areas ability, containing the corrosive defects.

Hapyaoras nOBepXHOCTh MarJICTPaJThHhIX Tpy60rrpOBO,n;OB, rrpopa60TaBIIIIIX 10 IT oonee ner, ncnencrsne Pa3JllIlIHhIX rrpWIHH - napynrerme pemaverrrnpoaanrroro peiKI-J]..i[a 3 rreKfpOXHM3 aIIl)1ThI , MeXaHWIeCKHe B03,n;efi:cTBIDI, nocnencrnns napyIIIeHIDI rexnorrorrrn IT3rOTOBrreHIDI IT ,n;p. - MO)KeT HMeTh pasmrurue ,n;eQ?eKfhI, 06HapY)KJIBaeMhle rrpn orcrrenonamnr. Bee ,n;etl_JeKfhI, He3aBITCHMO OT nx rrpoITCXOJK,ll;eHIDI, 5IBJUIIOTC5I KOHI..J;eHTpaTOpaMH narrpscsennii. B 3aBITCHMOCTIT OT BH,ll;a IT BeJllIlIHHhI ,n;eQ?eKfhI MO)Kf{O pasztenrrrs na ,n;orrycTHMhle, TO ecrr. re, xoropste He CHIT)KaroT necyrneit cnOC06HOCTIT, IT nenonycrrorsre, TO ecrr, Tpe6)'IOIIlJ1e YCTPaHeHIDI.

OCHOBHhIM BH,ll;OM ztediercros, 06HapY)KJIBaeMhIX npn KOMIIJIeKCHOM 06crre,n;OBaHHH xramcrpamrrax Tpy60rrpOBO,n;OB, 5IBJUIIOTC5I xanepmr, rrpeztcranJUIIOIIlJ1e c060fi: HeCKB03Hhle OTBepCTIDI C rtorrorrrn ,n;HOM. 3THMOrrOrIDI rrx 06Pa30BaHIDI pasrrronra - 3TO IT rtocneztcrnrre 5I3BeHHofi: KOPP03HH, IT Bhlna,n;eHITe IIIJIaKOBhIX mcnouennri IT r.zt. B 3aBITCHMOCTIT OT pasuepoe zrediexron B crry-rae He06xo,n;HMOCTIT nx YCTpaHeHIDI Tpe6yeTC5I TOT nnn HHOfi: BH,ll; peMOHTa.

B HaCTO.IDIJ:ee BpeM5I He,n;OCTaTOlfHO rropxrarnenoii ,n;oK)'IVleHTa.u;I1JI, orneiraronteii sazraxe ortpenenenns BH,ll;a peMOHTa B 3aBITCHMOCTIT OT BeJllIlIHHhI 06HapY)KeHHOrO zterpercra. B HHCTp)lKUfIII HI10 "Corosrexnorrorrra" no OCBH,ll;eTeJIhCTBOBaHHIO, OT6paKOBKe IT peMOHTY TPy6 B rrpouecce 3KcrrrryaTa.u;I1JI IT KarrJITaJIhHOrO peMOHTa JIHHeHHofi: lfaCTIT xramcrpamrrax raaorrpoeozton [1], yraepacrennoi! B 1991 rony, rrpnnezren rpadnnc, no KOTOPOMY pexojrenzryerca orrpenensrr, crerrem, onaCHOCTIT 06HapY)KeHHOrO ,n;eQ?eKfa. Ho, TaK KaK rrpn nocrpoenrm aroro rpadnuca He y-rremr HIT napaxrerpu HarpY)KeHIDI rpyoonposona, HIT ero reOMeTpIDI, TO, cnenosarensno, HeJIh35I cnrrrarr, ero ,n;OCTOBepHhIM. KpOMe nsmrerrprrsenenrroro ,n;oK)lIVIeHTa, B 1996 r. MHHCKHM Q?IT3HKO-TeXHWIeCKHM HHCTJITYTOM 6hIJIa paspaoorana II Meroznnca no onerrxe rrecynteii cnoc06HOCTIT MarJICTparrhHhlx rasorrponozton no ,n;aHHhIM BHYTPHTpy6HOfi: ,n;ITarHOCTHKH" [2]. B 3TOfi: Meroznnce rrpneeztena tl_J0PMYrra pacuera ztortycxaenoro ,n;aBrreHIDI C yneron HaJIWIIDI ,n;eQ?eKfa 3Ta Q?oPMYrra rrpaKIWIeCKH conrranaer C aaanorrrrnoii

91

<poPMYrroii aMepHKaHCKOrO cranaapra ASME B 31. 6-1991 & Manual for Determining the Remaining Strength of Corroded Pipelines [3]. Corrracno 3TOMY ,ll;oK)'Memy namrrae rrpaKTJIIIecIG1 mo6oro ,ll;e<peKTa rrprrsomrr K Heo6xo,ll;HMOCTJI CHJI:;;KeHl15I HO:MJIJiaJThHOrO ,ll;aBrreHl15I raaa B rpyoc JIJI60 pexrorrry, 1£TO He scerna OTBe1£aeT ,ll;eJICTBHTeJThHOCTJI.

B COOTBeTCTBJIJI C fOCT 24755-89 [4], OCHOBaHHOM na MeT ozt e KOI\ffieHCHp)'IOIIlJIX nnomaaeii, na mo6oii II;H.JII-II-I,lpJIIIecKoii 06e1£aHKe B03MO)KHO HaJllI1£JIe nexoroporo OTBepCTJrn, rcoropoe He oCrra6JUIeT paccvarpnnaevoe ceuemre, Ilnomazrs ITOITepe1£HOro Ce1£eHl15I eroro orsepcrna - F,

Fo=doR·S, (1)

rzte S - Q:JaKTJIIIeCKOe 3Ha1£eHHe TOrr:w:HHbI yuacrxa MarJICTpaJThHOrO rpyoorrponoaa, MM;

dOR - pacuernsrii ,ll;JIaMeTp O,ll;JIH01£HOrO OTBepCTJrn, He rperiyrorrrero ,ll;OITOJIHHTeJThHOroYKPerrrreHl15I,MM

d = 2· (~- a 8~. 1).S (2)

OR S ' -v U·;:),

R

rzte D - BHYTpeHHHii ,ll;JIaMeTp y-racrxa rpyoortpoaona, MM;

SR - pacirerrroe 3Ha1£eHHe TOrr:w:HHbI ytracrxa MarJICTpaJThHOrO rpyoorrposona, MM

n·P·D (3)

S - H,

R - 2. ([ rr ] + n . P)

rne DR - HapY)KHbIii znraxrerp y-racrxa rpyrorrposozta, MM; P - pacnerrroe ,ll;aBrreHHe, MITa;

[ (J] - ,ll;orrycKaeMoe narrpzxerrne MaTepJIJIa rpyoorrpoeona, MITa,

n - K03Q:JQ:JHIJ;fIeHT Ha)J;e)KHOCTJI ITO narpysxe (CM. Ta6rr.13 CHJIIT 2.05.06-85 [5]);

[u] = s; / n: ' (4)

rne R; - rrpenerr rrp01£HOCTJI MaTepJIarra rpytisr;

11m - K03Q:JQ:JHIJ;fIeHT sanaca rrp01£HOCTJI ITO npeneny rrp01£HOCTJI

kH -k.

n m = _____:_: _ _.::_

(5)

ill

kR - K03<p<pHIJ;fIeHT Ha)J;e)KHOCTJI ITO nasnauenmo; k 1 - K03Q:JQ:JHIJ;fIeHTbI Ha)J;e)KHOCTJI ITO xrareprrany;

m - K03<p<pHIJ;fIeHT ycnosnii pa60TbI rpyoorrposona.

~JUI MarJICTparrbHbIx Tpy60rrpOBO,ll;OB, rrponeraronmx ITO TeppHTOpJIJI YKpaJIHbI, XapaKTepHbIMJI 5IBJUIIOTC5I TaIG1e Harpy3IG1, KaK Macca rpyoonponona JI ooycrpoitcrn, ,ll;aBrreHHe rpynra (,ll;JUI ITO,ll;3eMHbIX y-qaCTKOB), BHYTpeHHee ztannemte JI r.zt. B 3aBJICHMOCTJI OT KaTerOpJIJI paccvarprrnaextoro y-racrxa rpyoorrponoaa, K03<p<pHIJ;fIeHT ycnosrrii pa60TbI npn pac-rere rpyoonposozta na rrp01£HOCTb, cornacno raon.l CHJIIT 2.05.06-85 [5], rrpJIHHMaeTC5I paBHbIM cneztyronnrn BeJIJIIIJIHaM :

xareroprra B - m = 0,6; 92

xareropnn I, II - ill = 0,75~ xareropnn III, IV - ill = 0,9.

Kareroprrs ytracrxa rpyoorrposona, B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT ero ycnosnii 3Kcrmyanw;rIlI, rrprmrraaerca B COOTBeTCTBHH C raon.? H 3 CHHIT 2.05.06- 85 [5]. 3Ha1feHlIe K03QJqm:U;HeHTa Ha,LJ;e)KHOCTH ITO nasrranerrrrro kH BbI6rrpaeTC5.[ B COOTBeTCTBHH C Ta6rrmrefl: 11 CHHIT 2.05.06-85 [5] B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT .n;HaMeTpa rpyoorrpoaozra H .n;aBrreHH5I rrpoztyrcra.

TaK KaK .n;OCTOBepHa5I .n;or<yMeHTa:u;ruI na xramcrpansmre rasortpoeoznr, npopaooraanme 10 H 60rree ner, KaK rrpasnno, OTCyrCTBYeT, TO .n;orrycKaeMble rtartpaxenna orrpe.n;eJUIIOTC5.[ ITO rrpeneny rrp01fHOCTH, KOTOPblfl:, B CBOID oxepezts, orrpezterraercs ITO 3aMepeHHOMY ananennro TBep.n;OCTH HB B COOTBeTCTBHH C rOCT 22761- 77 [6]. K03tPQJ:rm;rreHT Ha,LJ;e)KHOCTH ITO MaTepHarry k 1 .n;JI5I orrpeztenemra sanaca ITO rrpeneny rrp01fHOCTH pexonenzryerca 6paTb paBHbIM 1,55.

Ecrnr )Ke xrapxa CTanH, H3 KOTOPOfl: H3rOTOBrreH MarHCTpaJIbHblfl: Tpy60- rtposon, H3BeCTHa, TO snauerrae rrpezterra rrp01fHOCTH xrarepnarra orrpezrenserca KaK HaHMeHbIIIee H3 .n;Byx 3Ha1feHHH, O.n;HO H3 KOTOPbIX rrorrytreno B pe3YJIbTaTe HCIThITaHIIfl: (ITO zmarpasore paCT5.[)KeHH5I nnn ITO H3MepeHHOMY snanerrmo TBep.n;OCTH B COOTBeTCTBHH C rOCT 22762-77), a nropoe - H3 rOCTa 14249-89 [7], rrrr60 zrpyroit HopMaTHBHofl: .n;or<yMeHTaIJ;HJI.

B COOTBeTCTBHH C Ilpnnoaccnncn K IT.2.3 CHHIT 2.05.06-85 [5], rrpn HCIThITaHHH rpyoonposona .n;orrycKaeTC5.[ ITOBblIIIeHlIe .n;aBrreHH5I .n;o BeJIH1fHHbI, BbI3bIBaIO:rn:efl: narrprteernre B MeTarrrre rpyou zto rrpenena rexy-recrn C ynerou MrrnYcoBoro nonycxa rra T01IIIlJ1HY CTeHKH, TO ecrr, rrarrpaxerme He MO)KeT rrpensrrrrart, 3Ha1feHH5I

(6)

TaK KaK MrrnYCOBblfl: .n;OrryCK rra T01IIIlJ1HY CTeHKH He rrpensnnaer 10 rrporrerrron HOMflliaJIbHOrO 3Ha1f eHH5I TOrr:rn:HHDI.

3Ha1feHlIe npeztena rexyuecrn xrarepnana MO)KHO orrpeaemrrs TaK )Ke KaK H snanerme rrpenena rrp01fHOCTH, a HMeHHO, KaK HaHMeHbIIIee H3 .n;Byx 3Ha1feHrr:i1:, O.n;HO H3 KOTOPbIX rto.rytrerro B pe3YJIbTaTe HCIThITaHIIfl: (ITO .n;HarpaMMe paCT5.[)KeHH5I rrrrrr ITO H3MepeHHoMY anaaemuo rnepnocrn B COOTBeTCTBHH C rOCT 22762-77), a nropoe - H3 rOCTa 14249-89 [7] rrH60 zrpyroil HopMaTHBHofl: .n;or<yMeHTaIJ;HJI.

Cornacno IT.2.5 rrprmozsenrcr 3 ~HAOIT 1.3.07-8.02-93 [8], snanenne

rrpezterra TeKY1feCTH ITO 3Ha1feHlI5IM HB orrpenennercs cnenyronnut 06Pa30M:

.n;JI5I rnepztocreii HB ;;::: 1500 MITa R, = 0,367· HB - 240~ (7)

.n;JI5I raepztocreii HB < 1500 MITa R, = 0,2· HB. (8)

Ilnonrazn, 06HapY)KeHHOrO rrpn KOMIIJIeKCHOM oocnczroaarrnn zrerpexra C

HeKOTopbIM sarracoxr MO)KHO C1fHTaTb PaBHOfl: F nEw

F;uEW = d;uEw· S;uEw, (9)

rzte S;uEW - rrry6rrna zrediexra, MM;

93

dL{E¢ - zmaxrerp zterpexra, 11M.

Y CJIOBHe, oriecrte-rtmarontee rrpo-nrocrr, rpyoonpoaoaa, B 3TOM cry-rae HMeeT BH,ll;

(10)

flo ,ll;BYM 3Ha-qeJllUI1v[ ztorrycxaexroro Harrp5[)KeHIUI, orrpenensexrtrxr no CPOPMYJIaM (4) H (6) MO)KHO orrpeztemrrr. H 2 3Ha-qeHIUI rtrrornann OTBepCTH5I, He rpeoyronrero YKPerrrreHIUI, - raparrrrrpoaannoe, COOTBeTCTB)'lOmee zrorryceaesrouy Harrp5[)KeHHIO, no.ryrerraovy no cpoPMYJIe (4), H rrpeztem.noe, COOTBeTCTB)'lOmee cpoPMYJIe (6). TaKHM 06Pa30M, B COOTBeTCTBHH C (10), MO)KHO nOCTpOHTb 2 KpHBbIe - 3aBHCHMOCTH rrry6HHbI ztorrycxaevoro ,ll;ecpercra OT ero rrpoT5[)KeHHOcTH.

SIlE<j,IS 0~~~\~~,~~~~-+~~~4-~~+-~~

0~7~+-,~,,~.~.--.~~~,,~~~~~+-~~-r-+~~~r-+-~~-r~ 0~6 1-+-~"_\+-~-I---+~~-il-i,+-~~I--+--f-+----lf--r--+-I--!-fI--I-I-+ O~5 I--+-+-+-+~"i-''''''J''''''_~I'--+-~+-----+---+-+-----li--+--+--+-+------+I------j 0,4 ~____+--+---+--+----+''-~~HII''I!! +---+---+--+--I----"""" ......... ~ .... ----+------lil____+__+___+___J____+_I ~.

• '~~ 11 ........ r-..... ........ _· I

0,3 I-t--H-+-+-+-+++-P~++~I+--+-~~*-,k~

" ........ ..._,_"'" I I I r--

O.2~r-I1I1'1I1~11~~~~~1Itll--r~~~-r~~,:t: 1

b1 I I r

0) +--+--+--+--+____'-I--++-+--+--+____'-!--+-I-4I-' I -If--+--+--+--+I ----+:~

I '

o ~~~~~~_~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~L-~I~

o 1,,5 2 z.s » 3 3~5 4 a2 4~,5 5 d,1B;E4>/dOi

I - ~orrycKaeMblfi: ,ll;eweKT, cooTBeTCTB)'lOIIJ:Hfi: rtpenerrsrrosry 3Ha-qeHHIO zrortycxaexroro Harrp5[)KeHIUI.

II - ~orrycKaeMblfi: zrediexr, cOOTBeTCTB)'lOIIJ:Hfi: rapaHTHpoBaHHOMY ananeHHIO ztonycxaenoro Harrp5[)KeHIUI.

a, - coornercrayer ztedieicry, pasnep xoroporo B,ll;OJIb oopasyromeit orp8RJIlIeH 200 MM, a B OKpY)KHOM HarrpaBJIeHHH - ISO 11M

a2 - cooreercrayer nediesry ,ll;JIHHofi: 400 11M H IIDIpHHOfi:,ll;O I,S·S

3aBHCHMOCTb OTHOCHTeJIbHofi: rrry6HHbI ztorrycxaexroro ztediercra SL{E¢/S OT ,ll;HaMeTpa d,llE¢. Bnmr peMOHTa

•

b. - OTHOCHTeJIbHa5I rrryrnrna zterpexra panna 1 _ SR S

94

b2 - COOTBeTcTByeT raxoii rrryorrne ztediexra, npn KOTOPOH OCTaTOIfHa5I

TOrrIIl)lJ-Ia CTeHKH COCTaBJNeT:

,n;1liI rpyf rommmoii no 10 :M]y[ BKJllOIfHTeJThHO - 2 :M]y[ ,n;1liI rpyf TOJIlll)TI-Iofi casmre 10 :M]y[ - 20 % TOJIIIl)1HhI.

Oonacrs 1 - nenonycrrorue ,n;eQ_JeKThI, rpeoyronme Bhlpe3KH ,n;eQ_JeKTHhIX MeCT H BBapKH KaTYIIIKH;

Oonacrr, 2 - ,n;eQ_JeKThI, rpeeyronnre peMOHTa sasapxoii HJIH BBapKofi 33IUIaT; Oonacrr, 3 - ,n;etl_JeKThI, rpeoyronmc yCIpaHeHJUI rryrexr 3aIIIJIHtl_JOBKH; Oonacrt, 4 - ztorrycrtrvtre ,n;etl_JeKThI.

Kpoxte roro, ycnosne (10), ooecneunaas rrpOIfHOCTh rpyeorrposoaa B uenon, TeM He xrenee, ztorrycxaer HaJllIlIHe ,n;a)Ke nexoroporo CKB03Horo OTBepCTlm, xoropoe nenonycrrtvo C TOIfKH 3peHJUI repMeTlfIIHOCTH. Pa3repMeTH3aIJ;IDI, TO ecrr, rrOKaJThHOe pa3pYIIIeHHe B 30He ,n;eQ_JeKTa, MO)KeT rrpOH30HTH B TOM cry-rae, eCJIH )KeCTKOCTh rpycorrposona B u;errOM cynrecreerrao (na nopsztox) rrpenumaer )KeCTKOCTh ,n;etl_JeKTHOrO MeCTa. OTCIO,n;a BhITeKaeT erne O,n;HO orpamr'renne, naxnamrnaenoe na BerrHIfHHY ,n;eQ_JeKTa

SlIEctJ ~ 0,8 . S. (11)

3TO orparnorenne connanaer KaK C aMepHKaHCKHM CTaH,lJ;apTOM ASME B31.6 - 1991 [3], TaK H C OTeIfeCTBeHHhIMH orpaHHIfeHJUIMlI rro pexrorrry [9,10].

Burne rrptraezterru orparrrorrrrem-rrtre KpHBhIe 3aBHCHMOCTH rrry6HHhI ,n;etl_JeKTa OT ero rrpOT5I)KeHHOCTH. TaM )Ke YKa3aHbI oonacrn, COOTBeTCTByroIIlJ1e Pa3JIHIfHhIM BH,lJ;a peMOHTa, KOTOPhlfi Heo6xo,n;HMo rrpoeomrn., eCJIH o6HapY)KeHHhlfi ,n;etl_JeKT OKa)KeTC5I B Tofi HJIH HHofi H3 HHX. BH,lJ;hI peMOHTa ,n;1liI Pa3JIHIfHhIX passrepon ,n;etl_JeKTOB, peKoMeH.n;yeMhle ,n;1liI BhlrrOJIHeHJUI B rracrosrneii paoore H ysasarrmre na pHCYHKe, BhI6paHbI B COOTBeTCTBHH C ,n;eficTByroIIlJ1MH B HaCT05Ir.u:ee BpeM5I ,n;or<yMeHTaMH [9-13].

TaK KaK rrpnaeztemrue BhIIIIe tl_J0PMYJThI ,n;1liI CKB03HhIX OTBepCTrrH: npaannsrroil tl_JOPMhI no.ryaemr B COOTBeTCTBHH C rrpmnmrtov "xoxrrrettcrrpyrormrx nnornaaeii", TO ,n;1liI pearrsmrx HeCKB03HhIX ,n;eQ_JeKTOB ncrrpaennsnoit tl_JOPMhI ycnosne rrpOIfHOCTH 6y,n;eT HMeTh BH,lJ;

1[ • d~E~ ( )

Vf:(E~ S . S, 12

4

rzte V lIEctJ - 06beM paccxarprrsaexroro zterpexra.

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96

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The article contains results of settlement researches of the pressure and deformed condition of a wheel brake drum with use of spatial solid-state designing. The recommendations for perfection of its design are given.

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