Uncalibrated, pre-estimated demographic data-freePRAM

Pressure Recording Analytical Method (PRAM), estimates Q from the analysis of the pressure wave
profile obtained from an arterial catheterradial or femoral access. This PP waveform can then be used
to determine Q. As the waveform is sampled at 1000 Hz, the detected pressure curve can be measured
to calculate the actual beat-to-beat stroke volume. Unlike FloTrac, neither constant values of impedance
from external calibration, nor form pre-estimated in vivo or in vitro data, are needed.
PRAM has been validated against the considered gold standard methods in stable condition[32] and in
various haemodynamic states.[33] It can be used to monitor pediatric and mechanically supported
patients.[34][35]
Generally monitored haemodynamic values, fluid responsiveness parameters and an exclusive reference
are provided by PRAM: Cardiac Cycle Efficiency (CCE). It is expressed by a pure number ranging from 1
(best) to -1 (worst) and it indicates the overall heart-vascular response coupling. The ratio between
heart performance and consumed energy, represented as CCE "stress index", can be of paramount
importance in understanding the patient's present and future courses.[36]