Servlet Advanced

9/10/2011
Ni dung
B mn Cng ngh Phn mm

Vin CNTT & TT
Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni
LP TRNH WEB HNG JAVA

Bi 10: Servlet nng cao
1. K thut Include, Forward, Redirect

2. Servlet filter
3. X l s kin trong vng i Servlet
4. iu khin tng tranh
5. Invoker Servlet
Ging vin: ThS. Trnh Tun t

B mn CNPM
Email: trinhtuandat.bk@gmail.com/dattt@soict.hut.edu.vn
DatTT-DSE-SOICT-HUST
1
1. K thut Include, Forward,

Redirect
1.1. K thut nh km
(include)
Khi no cn nh km 1 ti nguyn Web?
Static resource
V d: thm banner, copyright information vo

trong response tr v t mt Web component
(JSP/servlet)
n thun thm ni dung tnh vo response ca

servlet ang xt (servlet mun nh km)
Dynamic web component (Servlet hoc JSP)
Cc loi Web Resource c nh km
i khi s rt hu ch nu c th chn cc
ni dung tnh/ng to trong web
resource khc:
Gi request ti Web component C NH

KM
Thc thi Web component C NH KM
nh km kt qu thc thi c vo response
ca servlet ang xt
9/10/2011
Web Resource c nh km c th v
khng th lm g?
Lm th no Include Web resource?
Web resource c nh km c th truy cp

ti i tng request, nhng b hn ch vi
i tng response
c th vit vo phn body ca response v

commit mt response
khng th thit lp cc headers hoc gi bt k
phng thc no (v d, setCookie) nh hng
n cc headers ca response
Ly i tng RequestDispatcher t i
tng ServletContext
Sau , gi phng thc include() ca i

tng RequestDispatcher vi tham s l i
tng request v response:
RequestDispatcher dispatcher =
getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("
/banner");
dispatcher.include(request, response);
V d: BannerServlet - Web component

c nh km
V d: nh km BannerServlet
public class BannerServlet extends HttpServlet {

public void doGet (HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/banner");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

out.println("<body bgcolor=\"#ffffff\">" +
"<center>" + "<hr> <br> " + "<h1>" +
"<font size=\"+3\" color=\"#CC0066\">Duke's </font>" +
<img src=\"" + request.getContextPath() +
"/duke.books.gif\">" +
"<font size=\"+3\" color=\"black\">Bookstore</font>" +
"</h1>" + "</center>" + "<br> <hr> <br> ");
}
public void doPost (HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
if (dispatcher != null)
dispatcher.include(request, response);
}
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

out.println("<body bgcolor=\"#ffffff\">" +
"<center>" + "<hr> <br> " + "<h1>" +
"<font size=\"+3\" color=\"#CC0066\">Duke's </font>" +
<img src=\"" + request.getContextPath() +
"/duke.books.gif\">" +
"<font size=\"+3\" color=\"black\">Bookstore</font>" +
"</h1>" + "</center>" + "<br> <hr> <br> ");
}
}
10
Khi no cn s dng k thut

Forwarding ti Web resource khc?
1.2. K thut forward
Khi mun c mt Web component thc hin

x l s b 1 request v mt component
khc m nhim sinh response
11
V d: x l 1 phn request ri chuyn cho

component khc, ty tng request
12
9/10/2011
Quy nh khi s dng k thut

Forwarding
Cch thc Forwarding ti mt Web

resource khc?
Nn s dng khi yu cu 1 resource khc

phn hi li cho 1 user
Ly ra i tng RequestDispatcher t i tng

HttpServletRequest
Nu truy cp vo i tng
ServletOutputStream hoc PrintWriter trong
servlet, s khng forward c na, nu khng
c c ngoi l IllegalStateException
Nu cn gi li URL gc x l thm, c th lu
li thnh 1 thuc tnh tm vc request
Gi phng thc forward() ca i tng
RequestDispatcher
13
request.getRequestDispatcher("/template.js
p");
dispatcher.forward(request, response);
14
V d: Dispatcher Servlet
public class Dispatcher extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) {
request.setAttribute("selectedScreen",
request.getServletPath());
RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.
getRequestDispatcher("/template.jsp");
if (dispatcher != null)
dispatcher.forward(request, response);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
...
}
1.3. Ch nh trnh duyt redirect

ti Web Resource khc
15
16
Redirect mt Request
2 k thut iu hng request

Cch 1:
2. Servlet Filters
res.setStatus(res.SC_MOVED_PERMANTLY);
res.setHeader("Location", "http://...");
Cch 2:
public void sendRedirect(String url)
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18
9/10/2011
2. Servlet Filters
2.1. Servlet filters l g v ti sao cn?

2.2. Cc Servlet Filters mc ni vi nhau nh
th no?
2.3. APIs lp trnh cho Servlet Filter
2.4. Cu hnh Servlet filter trong file web.xml
2.5. Cc bc xy dng v trin khai cc
servlet filters
2.6. V d
2.1. Servlet filters l g v ti

sao cn?
19
Java Servlet Filters l g?
Filters c th lin kt vi nhau thnh 1 chui v tch hp

vo h thng khi trin khai (deploy)
m, chn cc truy cp (access)

Caching, compression, logging
Authentication, access control, encryption
Content transformations
c gii thiu trong Servlet 2.3 (Tomcat 4.0)

Cho php cu hnh:
Mt Filter c th lm g?
L thnh phn chn v sa (intercept & modify)

cc requests v responses
Kim tra (Examine) cc request headers

iu chnh li i tng request: sa phn d liu
hoc request headers
iu chnh li i tng responseL sa phn d
liu hoc response headers
Gi n filter k tip trong chui
Kim tra (Examine) li cc response headers sau
khi gi filter k tip trong chui
Tung ra ngoi l thng bo c li trong qu trnh
x l
21
V d 1:
22
V d 2
ang c nhiu servlets v cc trang JSP pages cn

thc hin chung cc chc nng nh ghi log hoc
chuyn thnh nh dng XSLT ( biu din d
liu)
20
Khng mun thay i tt c cc servlets & cc trang JSP

ny
Mun xy dng cc chc nng chung nh 1 module, ti
s dng c
Mun tch bit iu khin truy cp (access

control) khi phn code hin thpresentation (JSP pages)
LTV khng mun thay i tng trang JSP
Gii php
To mt access-control servlet
Gii php:
To 1 logging filter v compression filter

Gn vo h thng khi trin khai
23
24
9/10/2011
V d 3
C rt nhiu cc Web resources m ch thay

i 1 s t cc gi tr (V d banners hoc tn
cng ty)
2.2. Cc Servlet Filters mc

ni vi nhau nh th no?
LTV khng mun thay i cc Web resources ny

mi ln tn cng ty thay i
Gii php
To banner replacement filter hoc company

name replacement filter
25
Servlet Filter lm vic nh th no?

Servlet
Container
Filter Chain lm vic nh th no?
Servlet
Filter Chain
Cc filters c th mc ni vi nhau
Filter
2
Filter N
User
implemented
filters
Servlet
container
filter
doFilter(
ServletRequest,
ServletResponse,
FilterChain)
Th t mc ni: chnh l th t cc phn t <filter>

trong file web.xml
Filter u tin trong chui s c container gi
Filter 1
26
Qua phng thc doFilter(ServletRequest req,

ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain)
Filter sau khi thc hin cng vic xong, s gi filter tip
theo trong chui: gi phng thc chain.doFilter(..)
Filter cui cng gi phng thc service() ca

Servlet
service(
ServletRequest,
ServletResponse)27
28
Giao din javax.servlet.Filter
2.3. APIs lp trnh cho Servlet

Filter
init(FilterConfig)
destroy()
29
c gi 1 ln duy nht khi filter dc khi to ln u

Ly ra i tng ServletContext t i tng FilterConfig
v lu vo u (Vd lm 1 thuc tnh ca Filter)
phng thc doFilter() c th truy cp.
c cc tham s khi to t i tng FilterConfig qua
phng thc getInitParameter()
c gi duy nht 1 ln khi container hy i tng filter
VD: ng file hoc ng kt ni Database
30
9/10/2011
Giao din javax.servlet.Filter
Mt s lp khc lin quan ti Sevlet Filter
doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res,

FilterChain chain)
javax.servlet.FilterChain
c gi mi khi filter c kch hot

Cha cc x l ca filter
i tng ServletRequest c p kiu v
HttpServletRequest nu request l HTTP request
Gi filter tip theo: chain.doFilter(..)
Hoc chn request li. Cch thc:
javax.servlet.FilterConfig
khng gi phng thc chain.doFilter(..)

Filter phi cung cp output cho client
c truyn lm tham s trong phng thc

init()
javax.servlet.HttpServletResponseWrapper
set headers on the response for next entity

c truyn lm tham s cho phng thc

doFilter()
L ci t tin ch cho giao din

HttpServletResponse interface
31
32
Cu hnh trong web.xml
2.4. Cu hnh Servlet Filter

trong file web.xml file
<filter>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
33
<filter-name>: tn ca filter
<filter-class>: gip container bit c lp x l tng
ng ca filter
<filter-name>: tn ca filter l g
<url-pattern>: mu URLs (Web resources) p dng cho
filter c tn trn
</filter-mapping>
34
V d: web.xml ca BookStore
<web-app>
<display-name>Bookstore1</display-name>
<description>no description</description>
<filter>
<filter-name>OrderFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>filters.OrderFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter>
<filter-name>HitCounterFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>filters.HitCounterFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>OrderFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/receipt</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<filter-mapping>
<url-pattern>/enter</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<listener>
...
</listener>
<servlet>
...
</servlet>
2.5. Cc bc xy dng v
trin khai cc Servlet Filters
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36
9/10/2011
Cc bc xy dng Servlet Filter
To mt lp thc thi giao din Filter
Thc thi cc x l trong phng thc doFilter()

Gi phng thc doFilter() ca i tng
FilterChain
2.6. V d Servlet Filter
Cu hnh filter cho Servlet v cc trang JSP

cn p dng
S dng <filter> v <filter-mapping>
37
V d: HitCounterFilter
38
V d: HitCounterFilter
public final class HitCounterFilter implements Filter {

private FilterConfig filterConfig = null;
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request,

ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
throws IOException, ServletException {
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig)

throws ServletException {
this.filterConfig = filterConfig;
}
public void destroy() {
this.filterConfig = null;
}
if (filterConfig == null) return;

StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(sw);
Counter counter = (Counter)
filterConfig.getServletContext().getAttribute("hitCounter");
writer.println("The number of hits is: " +
counter.incCounter());
// Log the resulting string
writer.flush();
filterConfig.getServletContext().log(sw.getBuffer().toString());
...
chain.doFilter(request, wrapper);
...
// Continued in the next page...

}
}
39
40
Cu hnh HitCounterFilter
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
3. X l s kin trong vng

i Servlet
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC '-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web

Application 2.3//EN' 'http://java.sun.com/dtd/webapp_2_3.dtd'>
<web-app>
<filter>
<filter-class>filters.HitCounterFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<url-pattern>/enter</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
...
41
42
9/10/2011
Cc bc thc hin khi x l s kin
3. X l s kin trong vng i Servlet
H tr x l s kin khi c thay i trng thi

trong
ServletContext
Startup/shutdown
Thay i thuc tnh (Attribute changes )
HttpSession
Creation v invalidation
Thay i thuc tnh (Changes in attributes)
Quyt nh phm vi ca i tng cn x l

s kin (context hay session)
Thc thi giao din ph hp
Override cc phng thc cn x l s kin
Cu hnh file web.xml
Cung cp thm cc tham s khi to nu cn
43
ng k Listener
Cc giao din Listener
Web container
ServletContextListener
ServletContextAttributeListener
HttpSessionListener
HttpSessionAttributeListener
HttpSessionActivationListener
To 1 thc th cho mi lp Listener

ng k tc th s x l s kin g, ty theo:
Giao din (interfaces) m n thc thi

Th t ng k trong file web.xml
(Cc Listeners s c gi theo ng th t ng k)
44
45
contextInitialized/Destroyed(ServletContextEvent)
attributeAdded/Removed/Replaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent)
sessionCreated/Destroyed(HttpSessionEvent)
attributedAdded/Removed/Replaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent)
X l sessions di tr (migrate) t server ny sang server khc
sessionWillPassivate(HttpSessionEvent)
sessionDidActivate(HttpSessionEvent)
V d: Context Listener
46
V d: Context Listener
public final class ContextListener

implements ServletContextListener {
private ServletContext context = null;
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) {
context = event.getServletContext();
BookDB bookDB = BookDB)context.getAttribute("bookDB");
bookDB.remove();
context.removeAttribute("bookDB");
context.removeAttribute("hitCounter");
context.removeAttribute("orderCounter");
}
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {

context = event.getServletContext();
try {
BookDB bookDB = new BookDB();
context.setAttribute("bookDB", bookDB);
} catch (Exception ex) {
context.log("Couldn't create bookstore
database bean: " + ex.getMessage());
}
Counter counter = new Counter();

context.setAttribute("hitCounter", counter);
counter = new Counter();
context.setAttribute("orderCounter", counter);
}
47
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9/10/2011
Cu hnh Listener
<web-app>
M hnh Thread v ng b
ha cc Servlet
<filter>..</filter>
<filter-mapping>..</filter-mapping>
<listener>
<listener-class>listeners.ContextListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<servlet>..</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>..</servlet-mapping>
<session-config>..</session-config>
<error-page>..</error-page>
...
</web-app>
49
Vn iu khin tng tranh trong 1

servlet
Nhiu Threads, Mt Servlet Instance
Phng thc service() ca mt thc th

servlet c th c gi bi nhiu clients
(multiple threads)
LTV lp trnh Servlet phi t gii quyt vn
tng tranh (concurrency)
Web Server
request
thread
Cn bo v d liu chung (shared data)

c gi l servlet synchronization
request
thread
request
thread
S dng synchronized block

S dng SingleThreadModel
request
thread
request
51
52
Giao din SingleThreadModel
Synchronized blocks c s dng m

bo ch c duy nht mt thread ti mt
thi im c th thc thi mt on code
synchronized(this) {
myNumber = counter + 1;
counter = myNumber;
}
...
synchronized(this) {
counter = counter - 1 ;
}
Servlet container
S dng synchronized block
Servlet
thread
2 la chn ng b ha servlet
50
53
Servlets cng c th thc thi

javax.servlet.SingleThreadModel
Server s qun l mt kho (pool) cc servlet
instances
m bo rng ch c MT thread truy cp
mt instance
C th dn n bng n instances
Public class SingleThreadModelServlet extends
HttpServlet implements SingleThreadModel {
...
}
54
9/10/2011
SingleThreadModel
Khuyn co
Web Server
Nu c th, nn s dng synchronized block
SingleThreadModel c chi ph rt cao
thread
thread
thread
thread
55
56
Invoker Servlet l g?
Invoker Servlet
Thc thi cc servlet khng nh ngha trong file

web.xml
Ch yu s dng cho mc ch debug v test
V d ng cnh s dng
57
Lm th no s dng Invoker Servlet?
B ccomment cho on cu hnh sau t file

<Tomcat>/conf/web.xml v khi ng li
Tomcat
<!-<servlet>
<servlet-name>invoker</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.apache.catalina.servlets.InvokerServlet
</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>0</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
-->
C 1 lng ln servlets (vd: 1000 servlets)

LTV khng mun thc hin servlet mapping cho tt c
1000 servlets trong file web.xml, c bit l mi ang
pht trin ng dng (cha trin khai)
Nu s dng invoker servlet (cung cp bi container),
user vn truy cp 1000 servlets bnh thng, khng cn
thc hin servlet mapping trong file web.xml.
58
Lm th no s dng Invoker Servlet?
Thm on cu hnh sau vo file web.xml

<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>invoker</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/myservlets/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
T trnh duyt, truy cp ti cc servlet nh

sau:
59
http://localhost:8080/myservlets/newservlet2
60
10

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9/10/2011

B mn Cng ngh Phn mm

LP TRNH WEB HNG JAVA

1. K thut Include, Forward, Redirect

Ging vin: ThS. Trnh Tun t

1. K thut Include, Forward,

Khi no cn nh km 1 ti nguyn Web?

V d: thm banner, copyright information vo

n thun thm ni dung tnh vo response ca

Dynamic web component (Servlet hoc JSP)

Cc loi Web Resource c nh km

Gi request ti Web component C NH

Lm th no Include Web resource?

Web resource c nh km c th truy cp

c th vit vo phn body ca response v

Sau , gi phng thc include() ca i

V d: BannerServlet - Web component

public class BannerServlet extends HttpServlet {

PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

Khi no cn s dng k thut

1.2. K thut forward

Khi mun c mt Web component thc hin

V d: x l 1 phn request ri chuyn cho

Quy nh khi s dng k thut

Cch thc Forwarding ti mt Web

Nn s dng khi yu cu 1 resource khc

Ly ra i tng RequestDispatcher t i tng

1.3. Ch nh trnh duyt redirect

2 k thut iu hng request

public void sendRedirect(String url)

2.1. Servlet filters l g v ti sao cn?

2.1. Servlet filters l g v ti

Java Servlet Filters l g?

Filters c th lin kt vi nhau thnh 1 chui v tch hp

m, chn cc truy cp (access)

c gii thiu trong Servlet 2.3 (Tomcat 4.0)

Cho php cu hnh:

L thnh phn chn v sa (intercept & modify)

Kim tra (Examine) cc request headers

ang c nhiu servlets v cc trang JSP pages cn

Khng mun thay i tt c cc servlets & cc trang JSP

Mun tch bit iu khin truy cp (access

LTV khng mun thay i tng trang JSP

To 1 logging filter v compression filter

C rt nhiu cc Web resources m ch thay

2.2. Cc Servlet Filters mc

LTV khng mun thay i cc Web resources ny

To banner replacement filter hoc company

Servlet Filter lm vic nh th no?

Filter Chain lm vic nh th no?

Th t mc ni: chnh l th t cc phn t <filter>

Filter u tin trong chui s c container gi

Qua phng thc doFilter(ServletRequest req,

Filter cui cng gi phng thc service() ca

Giao din javax.servlet.Filter

2.3. APIs lp trnh cho Servlet

c gi 1 ln duy nht khi filter dc khi to ln u

Giao din javax.servlet.Filter

Mt s lp khc lin quan ti Sevlet Filter

doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res,

c gi mi khi filter c kch hot

khng gi phng thc chain.doFilter(..)

c truyn lm tham s trong phng thc