Struts Basic

9/10/2011
Ni dung
B mn Cng ngh Phn mm

Vin CNTT & TT
Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni
1. Struts l g, ti sao s dng Struts?

2. Kin trc ca Struts
LP TRNH WEB HNG JAVA

Bi 19: C bn v Struts
Ging vin: ThS. Trnh Tun t

B mn CNPM
Email: trinhtuandat.bk@gmail.com/dattt@soict.hut.edu.vn
DatTT-DSE-SOICT-HUST
1
Controller
Model
View
3. web.xml
4. Internationalization
5. Input Validation
6. X l li
7. Chn View tr v
Jakarta Struts
1.1. Struts l g?
Struts l mt Web application framework m

ngun m, l mt phn ca Apache Jakarta
project
1.1. Struts l g?
ng dng Struts l ng dng Web, chy c trn bt k

Sevlet container no, bao gm c tt c cc J2EE
compliant App servers
Tun theo cc mu thit k
Singleton, composition view, delegate

D hc & s dng
C km cc th vin th JSP custom tag

Struts cho php cc LTV ...
Model-View-Controller (MVC) framework

c s dng xy dng cc ng dng Web s
dng Servlets v JSPs
http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/
Pht trin ng dng web JSP/Servlet theo

m hnh MVC
S dng cc i tng c sn ca framework
trong file cu hnh XML
S dng cc mu thit k xy dng sn ca
framework
S dng cc c tnh nng cao nh input
validation, internationalization
9/10/2011
1.2. Ti sao s dng Struts?
1.2. Ti sao s dng Struts
Struts m nhim nhng phn phc tp nht khi

xy dng ng dng MVC
D hc v s dng
Nhiu tnh nng
Nhiu cng c h tr ca bn th 3 (third party
tools)
Linh ng v d m rng (Flexible & extensible)
Cng ng s dng ng o
n nh v vn ang lin tc pht trin
M ngun m
1.2. Ti sao s dng Struts?
Tch hp tt vi Java EE (J2EE)

H tr taglib tt
X l li thng nht, theo c 2 c ch
programmatic v declarative
Tch hp vi Tiles framework (Struts nng
cao)
2. Kin trc ca Struts
Model-View-Control (model 2)
10
Struts hot ng nh th no
MVC Design Pattern

1
Request
BROWSER
(Controller)
Servlet
Redirect
5
Response
(View)
JSP
(Model)
Java Bean
Servlet Container
(EIS)
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Struts: Kin trc MVC
Struts: Kin trc MVC
Controller trung tm iu hnh lung ng dng, y

quyn cho cc b x l thch hp gi l Action
Action Handlers c th s dng cc model
components
Model ng gi trng thi hoc logic nghip v
iu khin c chuyn tip (forward) cho
Controller vi View ph hp
Vic forward c th c xc nh bng vic tra cu t

tp cc mappings trong file cu hnh, cho php tng
linh ng ga tng View v Model
3 thnh phn chnh trong Struts
Struts tp trung ch yu vo phn Controller
13
Servlet controller (Controller)

Java Server Pages hoc bt k cng ngh hin
th no khc (View)
Application Business Logic dng bt k ph hp
vi ng dng (Model)
Struts c s c lp gia Model & View
Struts c th s dng bt k cng ngh Model &
View no
14
Struts: Kin trc MVC
File cu hnh cha cc action mappings
nh x URL vi cc Action
Controller s dng cc mapping ny tr v
HTTP requests cho Action no ca ng dng
Xc nh forwarding/navigation
2.1. Controller
Mapping phi m t c
ng dn ca yu cu: request path

Action x l request nhn c
15
Controller c nhim v g?
16
Cc thnh phn Controller
Ging nh 1 switch trong kin trc MVC

Tt c cc request phi i qua controller
Chu trch nhim iu khin lung cho cc
x l request (action mapping)
c file cu hnh xc nh lung iu khin
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Nhim v ca LTV
Controller trong Struts Framework
Struts framework cung cp servlet:
org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet
Phi cu hnh Servlet mapping cho servlet ny
trong file web.xml
Cc cu hnh lin quan ti Struts khc c

to lp trong file struts-config.xml
Vit lp Action (k tha lp Action) cho mi

request c th nhn c
Vit action mapping trong file cu hnh
Action Mapping nh ngha cc nh x gia URI

ca request gi n vi 1 lp Action c th
struts-config.xml
Cp nht file web.xml, thc hin mapping

cho ActionServlet
Phi override phng thc execute() (phng

thc perform() trong Struts 1.0)
web.xml
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20
Cc thnh phn Controller trong Struts

Framework
ActionServlet (Struts cung cp)

RequestProcessor (Struts 1.1) (Struts cung cp)
Action (LTV vit)
Action Mapping (To bi LTV)
2.1.1. ActionServlet
(Framework cung cp)
Cho mi module
LTV k tha lp Action do Struts cung cp
LTV to cc action mapping trong file struts-config.xml
Struts framework s to cc i tng ActionMapping v
truyn chng cho i tng Action
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Nhim v ca ActionServlet?
Nhim v ca ActionServlet? (2)
Thc hin vai tr ca Controller
X l cc user requests
Xc nh xem user cn g, cn c o request
nhn c
Ly d liu t model (nu cn thit), v
Ly ra view ph hp tr v cho ngi dng
Chu trch nhim khi to v dn dp ti

nguyn
y nhim hu ht nhng cng vic ny cho

lp Action
22
loads cc cu hnh ng dng trong web.xml

Duyt ln lt cc goes through an enumeration
of all init-param elements, looking for those
elements who's name starts with config/ for
modules
truy cp vo module foo, s dng URL nh:
23
http://localhost:8080/myApp/foo/someAction.do
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Lung Struts (Struts 1.0)
iu khin lung bi Controller
Http://myhost/authorize.do
Server configured to pass *.do extensions to

org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet via a
web.xml configuration file
ActionServlet object inspects the URI and tries to match it

against an ActionMapping located in the struts-config.xml file
Instance of appropriate Action class is found and its execute()

is called.
Action object handles the request and returns a next view.

View is identified by ActionForward objerct.
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Nhim v ca RequestProcessor?
2.1.2. RequestProcessor
(Framework cung cp)
processPath
processLocale
processMapping
processPopulate
processValidate
processActionForm
Nu mapping c kt hp vi mt role, cn m bo
user c role tng ng . Nu khng, to ra mt error
v dng x l request.
To mt thc th ActionForm (nu cn thit) kt hp vi

mapping trn (nu c), vi tm vc (scope) ph hp
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What Does RequestProcessor Do?
Xc nh ActionMapping ng vi ng dn yu cu.
processRoles
Thit lp content type mc nh (ty chn cch encoding)

cho tt c cc response nu c yu cu
27
Chn mt locale (nu cha chn locale no) v t n

vo trong request.
processContent
Xc nh ng dn (path) c request. Sau s c

s dng ly v mt ActionMapping.
Gn ActionForm vi request, nu c
Thc hin validate (nu c yu cu) trn
ActionForm gn vi request ny (nu c).
processForward
Nu mapping biu din mt forward, forward

n ng dn c ch nh trong mapping.
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processInclude
Nu mapping biu din mt include, include kt

qu ca vic gi n ng dn (path) trong
request ny
processForwardConfig
processActionCreate
To mt thc th ca lp c c t trong
ActionMapping ang xt (nu cn).
processActionPerform
Cui cng, phng thc x l ca

RequestProcessor ly v ActionForward tr v t
lp Action, v s dng n chn ra resource
tip theo (nu c).
Thng ActionForward s dn n cc trang
trnh din (presentation page), sinh ra response
tr v cho client.
L lc m phng thc perform() hoc execute()

s c gi
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Action Mapping trong file cu hnh Struts
2.1.3. Action Mapping

(LTV vit)
Struts controller ActionServlet cn bit 1 s

thng tin map mi request URI gi n
vi lp Action ph hp
Cc yu cu ny c ng gi trong mt
Java interface l ActionMapping
33
Struts Config File (struts-config.xml)
<form-beans>
<form-beans> cha cc nh ngha FormBean

bao gm tn v kiu (classname)
<action-mapping> cha cc nh ngha action
34
struts-config.xml cha 3 phn t quan trng

m t cc actions:
Struts framework s to i tng

ActionMapping cho mi phn t cu hnh
<ActionMapping> trong file struts-config.xml
Phn t ny cha cc nh ngha form bean.

S dng phn t <form-bean> cho mi form
bean, bao gm 2 thuc tnh quan trng sau:
S dng mt phn t <action> cho mi action c

nh ngha
name: the name of the request request (and session

level attribute that this form bean will be stored as)
type: tn lp y ca form bean
<global-forwards> cha c nh ngha global

forward
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struts-config.xml: <form-beans>
1.<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>
<action-mappings>
2.<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC

3.
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.1//EN"
4.
"http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_1.dtd">
Phn t ny cha cc nh ngha action. Mi

action cn nh ngha ng vi mt phn t
<action>
5.<struts-config>
6. 
7. <form-beans>
8.
9.
<form-bean
name="submitForm"
type="submit.SubmitForm"/>
10. </form-beans>
37
struts-config.xml: <action-mappings>
<action-mappings>
1.

2. <action-mappings>
Mi phn t <action> cn nh ngha cc thuc

tnh sau:
3. <action path="/submit"
4.
type="submit.SubmitAction"
5.
name="submitForm"
6.
input="/submit.jsp"
7.
scope="request"
8.
validate="true">
9. <forward name="success" path="/submit.jsp"/>
10. <forward name="failure" path="/submit.jsp"/>
11. </action>
path: ng dn ti action (tng i so vi context

ca ng dng) (URI ca request)
type: Tn y ca lp Action
name: Tn ca phn t <form-bean> s dng vi
action ny
input: Tn ca trang hin th khi c li validate input
form
scope: Tm vc ca form bean c to
validate: C thc DatTT-DSE-SOICT-HUST
hin validate input form hay khng 39
12. </action-mappings>
13.</struts-config>
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
<action-mappings>
<global-forwards>
<action
path="/logon"
type="org.apache.struts.webapp.example.LogonAction"
name="logonForm"
scope="request"
input="/logon.jsp"
validate="true" />
Forwards l cc thc th ca lp ActionForward

c tr v t phng thc execute() ca lp
Action
Thc hin map cc logical names vi cc
resources c th (thng l cc trang JSPs)
Phn t <forward> c cc thuc tnh sau
10.</struts-config>
name: logical name ca forward
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Action Mapping Config File
1.
38
41
c s dng trong phng thc execute() ca lp Action

forward n ti nguyn tip theo
path: resource s c forward n

redirect: redirect DatTT-DSE-SOICT-HUST
(true) hay forward (false)
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Global Forwarding
Local Forwarding
1.<struts-config>
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
2.<action
3. path="/editSubscription"
4. type="org.apache.struts.webapp.example.EditSubscriptionAction"
5. name="subscriptionForm"
6. scope="request"
7. validate="false">
8. <forward
9.
name="failure"
10.
path="/mainMenu.jsp"/>
11. <forward
12.
name="success"
13.
path="/subscription.jsp"/>
14.</action>
<form-beans>
<form-bean
name="logonForm"
type="org.apache.struts.webapp.example.LogonForm" />
</form-beans>
<global-forwards
type="org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward">
<forward
name="logon"
path="/logon.jsp"
redirect="false" />
</global-forwards>
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ActionForm Bean (Form bean)

2.1.4. ActionForm
(LTV phi cung cp, nu khng s
dng DynaActionForm)
Vit bi LTV
nh ngha mt ActionForm bean (bn cht l 1 lp Java

k tha lp ActionForm) cho input form
nh ngha trong file struts-config.xml
Ch cha cc phng thc getter & setter cho cc

thuc tnh (khng c x l nghip v)
Cung cp c ch validation chun tc
45
ActionForm Bean & Controller
Kim tra session scope cho 1 thc th ca ActionForm

bean
Ch cn vit phng thc getter v setter cho

mi thuc tnh ca mt input form
Nu khng tn ti, controller s to mi mt thc th
Gi phng thc setter tng ng ca ActionForm bean

cho tt c cc tham s request c tn trng vi tn ca
thuc tnh ca bean
Truyn i tng ActionForm bean lm tham s ca
phng thc execute() ca lp Action
46
Vit mt ActionForm Bean?
Vi mi ActionForm bean c nh ngha trong file

servlet-config.xml, Controller (ActionServlet) s
<form-bean>
Tn thuc tnh ca lp <Action>
47
Khng c bt k on code x l nghip v no
Thm 1 phng thc validate chun tc:

validate()
Controller s gi n phng thc ny
nh ngha mt thuc tnh (cng vi phng

thc getXxx v setXxx) cho mi trng xut
hin trong input form
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V d: submit.jsp
1.<%@
2.<%@
3.<%@
4.<%@
page language="java" %>

taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld" prefix="bean" %>
taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld" prefix="html" %>
taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld" prefix="logic" %>
Model: ActionForm
5.<html>
6.<head><title>Submit example</title></head>
7.<body>
1.package submit;
2.import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
3.import org.apache.struts.action.*;
8.<h3>Example Submit Page</h3>
4.public final class SubmitForm extends ActionForm {
9.<html:errors/>
10.<html:form action="submit.do">
11.Last Name: <html:text property="lastName"/><br>
12.Address: <html:textarea property="address"/><br>
13.Sex:
<html:radio property="sex" value="M"/>Male
14.
<html:radio property="sex" value="F"/>Female<br>
15.Married: <html:checkbox property="married"/><br>
16.Age:
<html:select property="age">
17.
<html:option value="a">0-19</html:option>
18.
<html:option value="b">20-49</html:option>
19.
<html:option value="c">50-</html:option>
20.
</html:select><br>
21.
<html:submit/>
22.</html:form>
5. /* Last Name */
6. private String lastName = "Hansen"; // default value
7. public String getLastName() {
8. return (this.lastName);
9. }
10. public void setLastName(String lastName) {
11. this.lastName = lastName;
12. }
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struts-config.xml: <form-beans>
13. /* Address */
14. private String address = null;
15. public String getAddress() {
16. return (this.address);
17. }
18. public void setAddress(String address) {
19. this.address = address;
20. }
21....
50
1.<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>
2.<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC

3.
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.1//EN"
4.
"http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_1.dtd">
5.<struts-config>
6. 
7. <form-beans>
8.
9.
<form-bean
name="submitForm"
type="submit.SubmitForm"/>
1.

4.
5.
name="submitForm"
6.
input="/submit.jsp"
7.
scope="request"
8.
validate="true">
11. </action>
10. </form-beans>
13.</struts-config>
51
52
DynaActionForm trong Struts 1.1
Thay v to mt lp con cho ActionForm vi

cc phng thc get/set cho mi thuc tnh
ca bean, LTV c th lit k cc thuc tnh
ny, cng vi kiu, gi tr mc nh trong file
cu hnh Struts
2.1.5. Action
(LTV t vit)
NN s dng DanaActionForm khi c th
(Struts nng cao)

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Action Class Diagram
Lp Action
Tp trung vo lung iu khin
X l client request bng cch gi cch i tng khc

(BusinessLogic beans) trong phng thc execute() ca
n
Tr v mt i tng ActionForward nh danh mt
destination resource m iu khin s c forward n
Destination resource c th l
55
Lp Action l g?
X l request
Thc hin cc x l logic nghip v
Lp action n gin t thc hin x l logic nghip v

Lp action phc tp y quyn cc x l logic nghip v
cho cc thnh phn Model
58
Phng thc execute(..) ca lp Action

(Ch trong Struts 1.1)
K tha org.jakarta.struts.action.Action
Override
Cn vit code lp LogonAction
57
Nhim v ca LTV: Action Class
Xc thc ngi dng

Thit lp User Session
X l li
Chc nng ca lp Action ging nh mu thit k Facade
ng dng cn
C th n gin hoc phc tp
56
V d Action: Logon
Lp Java thc hin cc cng vic trong ng dng
JSP
Tile definition
Velocity template
Action khc
c gi bi controller
public ActionForward execute(
ActionMapping mapping,
Phng thc execute() (trong Struts 1.1)

Phng thc perform() (trong Struts 1.0)
ActionForm form,
HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws Exception;
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9/10/2011
Phng thc perform(..) ca lp Action

(Ch trong Struts 1.0)
Phng thc execute() ca lp Action
Deprecated
public ActionForward perform(

ActionMapping mapping,
ActionForm form,
Thc hin cc x l cn thit vi request

Cp nht cc i tng pha server (Scope
variables) c s dng to trang tr v
cho ngi dng
Tr v i tng ActionForward ph hp
HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException, ServletException;
61
V d: lp Action
Hng dn thit k lp Action
1.package submit;
2.import javax.servlet.http.*;
4.public final class SubmitAction extends Action {
5.
6.
7.
8.
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping,

ActionForm form,
HttpServletResponse response) {
9.
SubmitForm f = (SubmitForm) form; // get the form bean
10.
// and take the last name value
11.
String lastName = f.getLastName();
12.
// Translate the name to upper case
13.
//and save it in the request object
14.
request.setAttribute("lastName", lastName.toUpperCase());
15.
16.
// Forward control to the specified success target
17.
return (mapping.findForward("success"));
18. }
19.}
Controller Servlet to 1 thc th duy nht

cho lp Action, v s dng n cho tt c cc
request
Lp Action phi hot ng ch multithreaded safe

Ch s dng cc bin local (as opposed to
instanace variables)
Ch nn to cc lp Action n gin
S dng cc thnh phn Model cho cc x l

logic nghip v phc tp
63
V d 2: Lp Action
64
struts-config.xml: ActionMapping
1.package submit;
5. public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping,
6.
ActionForm form,
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
if (lastName.startsWith(Passion)){
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
}
19.
else{
20.
return (mapping.findForward("failure"));
21.
}
22. }
23.}
62
1. 

4.
5.
name="submitForm"
6.
input="/submit.jsp"
7.
scope="request"
8.
validate="true">
9. <forward name="success" path="/submitSuccess.jsp"/>
10. <forward name="failure" path="/submitFailure.jsp"/>
11. </action>
65
13.</struts-config>
66
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9/10/2011
Cc lp Action xy dng sn
ForwardAction
DispatchAction
2.2. Cc thnh phn Model

(Model Components)
(LTV vit)
(Advanced Struts)
67
Model Components
Model components
Model c chia thnh:
Internal state ca h thng

Business logic thay i cc trng thi
Internal state ca h thng c biu din bng:
JavaBeans
Enterprise JavaBeans
POJO's
JDO
JDBC
...
69
Model Components
68
JavaBeans v Scope
Page ch thy trong 1 trang JSP, trong vng i

ca request hin ti
Request ch thy trong 1 trang JSP, cng nh
bt k trang hoc servlet no c included
trong trang JSP ny, hoc c forwarded t n
Session thy c cho tt c cc trang JSP v
cc servlet trong session ca 1 user, trn 1 hoc
nhiu requests
Application thy c cho tt c cc trang JSP
v cc servlets trong
ng dng web
71
70
Model Components
Cc trang JSP v servlets trong cng 1 ng

dng web chia s cng 1 tp cc bean
V d
Servlet code
MyCart mycart = new MyCart(...);
request.setAttribute("cart", mycart);
JSP page
<jsp:useBean id="cart" scope="request"
class="com.mycompany.MyApp.MyCart"/>
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Cc thnh phn Model trong Struts

Framework
ActionForm Bean
Struts Model Components
SystemState Bean
Lu ActionForm Bean l mt Model component,

mc d n ch biu din d liu nhp bi ngi
dng
System State Bean & Business

logic Bean
Ch l thut ng mc khi nim: Struts khng

cung cp cc API lp trnh
BusinessLogic Bean
Ch l thut ng mc khi nim: Struts khng

cung cp cc API lp trnh
73
System State Bean
System State Bean
Struts khng nh ngha lp chun cho loi bean

ny
Xc nh trng thi hin ti
C th c biu din bi tp mt hoc nhiu cc lp

JavaBeans, cc lp c cc thuc tnh xc nh trng thi
hin ti
Vi h thng quy m nh, ho vi cc thng tin

trng thi (state information) khng cn lu tr lu
di:
V d: h thng gi hng-shopping cart:
75
C th l mt JavaBean thng thng

C th l EJB c trng thi hoc phi trng thi
H thng ln: phng thc nm lun trong cc

beans biu din trng thi h thng
H thng nh: phng thc nm trong cc lp
Action
76
L tng nht l phi c thit k sao cho

chng khng bit mnh c thc thi trn
mi trng Web
ng gi cc functional logic (lm thay i

trng thi h thng) thnh cc phng thc
C th s dng EJB
BuesinessLogic Bean
Struts khng nh ngha lp chun cho loi

bean ny
V d: i tng CustomerBean tng ng vi 1 row no

trong bng CUSTOMERS
BusinessLogic Bean
Cc System state beans c th biu din thng tin c

lu tr lu di trong cc CSDL ngoi
Tp cc system state beans c th cha ton b tri thc

h thng c c
Vi ng dng quy m ln
Cha mt bean tng trng cho gi hng c qun l

c lp cho mi ngi mua hng
Bao gm tp cc items m ngi mua hng chn mua
74
77
Khng nn tham chiu n bt k i tng no

trong ng dng Web
Tng tnh ti s dng
78
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View components
2.3. Cc thnh phn View
(View Components)
LTV phi cung cp
79
View Components
View
Cc JSP files cho tng ng dng

Tp cc JSP custom tag libraries
Cc Resource files cho tnh nng
internationalization
Cho php nhanh chng to form cho cc ng
dng
Phi hp hot ng vi controller Servlet
i tng ActionForward thng bo vi

Servlet controller trang JSP no s c tr
v (dispatched)
Cc trang JSP s dng ActionForm ly d
liu output t Model hin th
Struts c tp cc th vin th (tag libraries)
5.<html>
7.<body>
<input type="text" name="username"

value="<%= loginBean.getUsername() >"/>

9.<html:errors/>
<html:text property="username"/>;
82
V d: submit.jsp
Vi Struts, ch cn
1.<%@ page language="java" %>

2.<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld" prefix="bean" %>
3.<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld" prefix="html" %>
4.<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld" prefix="logic" %>
Nu user gy li (vd: nhp liu), ng dng

cn cho php h sa i li gi tr c
Vi JSP:
D pht trin cc ni dung ng

n gin trao i gia HTML designer v LTV
81
Forms v FormBean Interactions
80
83
13.Sex:
14.
16.Age:
17.
18.
19.
20.
</html:select><br>
21.
<html:submit/>
22.</html:form>
84
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V d: submit.jsp
1.<logic:present name="lastName" scope="request">
2.Hello
3.<logic:equal name="submitForm" property="age" value="a">
4. young
5.</logic:equal>
6.<logic:equal name="submitForm" property="age" value="c">
7. old
8.</logic:equal>
9.<bean:write name="lastName" scope="request"/>
10.</logic:present>
3. web.xml
11.</body>
12.</html>
85
Web App Deployment Descriptor

(web.xml)
1.<!DOCTYPE web-app
2. PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.2//EN"
3. "http://java.sun.com/j2ee/dtds/web-app_2_2.dtd">
Tun th theo lut chung

Phi c file deployment descriptor - web.xml
web.xml cha:
Cu hnh mapping cho ActionServlet

nh ngha Resource file trong <init-param>
Ch nh file servlet-config.xml trong <init-param>
nh ngha cc th vin th Struts
web.xml c lu tr trong WEB-INF/web.xml

86
V d: web.xml
ng dng Struts l mt ng dng Web
87
4.<web-app>
5. <display-name>Advanced J2EE Programming Class Sample App</display-name>
6.
7. 
8. <servlet>
9. <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
10. <servlet-class>
11. org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet
12. </servlet-class>
13. <init-param>
14.
<param-name>application</param-name>
15.
<param-value>ApplicationResources</param-value>
16. </init-param>
17. <init-param>
18.
<param-name>config</param-name>
19.
<param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>
20. </init-param>
21.</servlet>
88
V d: web.xml
1. 
2. <servlet-mapping>
4. <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
5. </servlet-mapping>
6.
7. 
8. <taglib>
9. <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld</taglib-uri>
10. <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld</taglib-location>
11. </taglib>
12. <taglib>
13. <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld</taglib-uri>
14. <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld</taglib-location>
15. </taglib>
16. <taglib>
17. <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld</taglib-uri>
18. <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld</taglib-location>
19. </taglib>
20.</web-app>
4. Internationalization
89
90
15
9/10/2011
Internationalization
M rng ca java.util.ResourceBundle
org.apache.struts.util.MessageResources
Internationalization: Nhim v ca LTV
Ch gii hn h tr hin th. Nhp liu ty

theo thit b client
Cu hnh resource bundles trong web.xml file
To resource file cho ngn ng mc nh

To cc resource files cho mi ngn ng
mun h tr
nh ngha tn ca cc resource nh cc
tham s khi to
Trong trang JSP
91
Resource files
3.error.lastName=<li>Enter your last name

4.error.address=<li>Enter your address
5.error.sex=<li>Enter your sex
6.error.age=<li>Enter your age
prompt.hello=Hello
MyApplication_xx.properties
92
1.errors.header=<h4>Validation Error(s)</h4><ul>
2.errors.footer=</ul><hr>
Cha thng ip vit bng ngn ng mc nh

Mi thng ip c dng (vd Ting Anh):
V d: ApplicationResource.properties
MyApplication.properties
S dng <html:errors/> hin th cc thng

bo li theo locale
Cha cng thng ip tng ng, nhng

cc ngn ng khc, c m ngn ng theo chun
ISO l "xx"
prompt.hello=Bonjour
93
94
V d: web.xml
1. <servlet>
3. <servlet-class>
4. org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet
5. </servlet-class>
6. <init-param>
7.
<param-name>application</param-name>
8.
<param-value>
9.
com.mycompany.mypackage.MyApplication
10. </param-value>
11. </init-param>
12. 
13.</servlet>
5. (Input) Validation
95
96
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9/10/2011
validate() method
Validation: Nhim v ca LTV (Struts 1.0)
Ch nh s thc hin validate input bng thuc tnh

validate ca phn t <action> (con ca phn t
<action-mapping>) trong file servlet-config.xml
Ty chn
C php:
input=/errorpage.jsp
Cn m bo nhp ng thi c username v

password
Cn m bo password c t nht l 6 k t
Sau khi thc hin validate
Nu khng xy ra li validate no, tr v null

Nu xy ra li validate, tr v 1 thc th ca lp
ActionErrors
100
struts-config.xml: Validation
L c ch c s dng tr v cc li khi
thc hin validate input
ng gi li cc li
Mi ActionError cha kha thng ip li (error message key)

trong MessageResources bundle ca ng dng
Controller servlet lu tr mng ActionErrors nh 1 thuc tnh
request s dng cho cc th <html:errors>
Controller sau forwards iu khin t li input form (xc nh
trong thuc tnh input ho Actionmapping tng ng)
99
Lp ActionError
98
Phng thc validate()
Trong ng dng Login
public ActionErrors validate(ActionMapping mapping,

HttpServletRequest request);
97
V d: phng thc validate()
Phng thc mc nh tr v null
Ty chn
Sau khi ly xong cc thuc tnh ca bean

Nhng trc khi phng thc execute() ca lp Action
tng ng c gi
Override phng thc validate() trong lp

ActionForm
c gi bi controller servlet
validate=true
Ch nh trang JSP cn c hin th khi validation

khng thnh cng
Cc message key c s dng tm kim ra

message text ph hp t cc resource file
ActionErrors l mt tp cc ActionError

4.
type="hansen.playground.SubmitAction"
5.
name="submitForm"
6.
input="/submit.jsp"
7.
scope="request"
8.
validate="true">
11. </action>
101
13.</struts-config>
102
17
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ActionForm
V d: submit.jsp
1.<%@ page language="java" %>
2.<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld" prefix="bean" %>
3.<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld" prefix="html" %>
4.<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld" prefix="logic" %>
1.public final class SubmitForm extends ActionForm {

2.
3....
4. public ActionErrors validate(ActionMapping mapping,
5.
HttpServletRequest request) {
6. ...
7.
8. // Check for mandatory data
9. ActionErrors errors = new ActionErrors();
10. if (lastName == null || lastName.equals("")) {
11.
errors.add("Last Name", new ActionError("error.lastName"));
12. }
13. if (address == null || address.equals("")) {
14.
errors.add("Address", new ActionError("error.address"));
15. }
16. if (sex == null || sex.equals("")) {
17.
errors.add("Sex", new ActionError("error.sex"));
18. }
19. if (age == null || age.equals("")) {
20.
errors.add("Age", new ActionError("error.age"));
21. }
22. return errors;
23. }
24...
25.}
5.<html>
7.<body>
9.<html:errors/>
13.Sex:
14.
16.Age:
17.
18.
19.
20.
</html:select><br>
21.
<html:submit/>
22.</html:form>
103
104
Validator Framework trong Struts 1.1
Validation logic c th c m t trong file

cu hnh struts-config.xml
6. X l li (Error Handling)
Thay v phi vit code phng thc Java:

validate()
(Struts nng cao)
105
CustomExceptionHandler (1.1)
T nh ngha lp ExceptionHandler, c
gi n khi phng thc execute() ca 1
Action nm ra 1 Exception
ExceptionHandler t nh ngha (1.1)
Cu hnh b x l ngoi l trong strutsconfig.xml

<global-exceptions>
<exception
key="some.key"
type="java.io.IOException"
L lp con ca
org.apache.struts.action.ExceptionHandler
Phng thc execute() phi x l Exception v
tr v 1 i tng ActionForward thng bo
vi Struts s forward n u tip
handler="com.yourcorp.ExceptionHandler"/>
</global-exceptions>
106
107
com.yourcorp.ExceptionHandler.execute() s
c gi khi c bt k mt IOException no
c nm ra bi mt
Action
108
18
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CustomExceptionHandler (1.1)
1.package hansen.playground;
5. public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping,
6.
ActionForm form,
7.
8.
C th c tc dng global hoc cho tng

action
<action ...>
<exception
key="some.key"
type="java.io.IOException"
handler="com.yourcorp.ExceptionHandler"/>
</action>
V d: nm ra mt Exception
109
9.
10.
11.
12.
if (lastName.startsWith(Passion)){
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
}
19.
else{
20.
throw new WrongLastNameExcetion(lastName);
21.
}
22. }
23.}
110
ExceptionHandler t nh ngha (1.1)
Cc ExceptionHandler khc nhau cho cc li

khc nhau
<global-exceptions>
<exception handler=
"com.cavaness.storefront.CustomizedExceptionHandler"
key="global.error.message"
path="/error.jsp"
scope="request"
type="java.lang.Exception"/>
<exception handler=
"com.cavaness.storefront.SecurityExceptionHandler"
key="security.error.message"
path="/login.jsp"
scope="request"
type="com.cavaness.storefront.SecurityException"/>
111
</global-exceptions>
112
Trong file struts-config ,
struts-config.xml: ActionMapping
View Selection: Nhim v ca LTV
7. View Selection
Vi mi outcome (gi tr ca thuc tnh name ca

th <forward>), ch nh trang JSP s c
forward ti nh th con <forward>, con ca th
<action> hoc th <global-forwards>
Trong phng thc execute() ca lp Action,
Tr v i tng ActionForward, ng vi
outcome no.

4.
type="hansen.playground.SubmitAction"
5.
name="submitForm"
6.
input="/submit.jsp"
7.
scope="request"
8.
validate="true">
9.
<forward name="success" path="/submit.jsp"/>
10.
<forward name="failure" path="/submit.jsp"/>
11. </action>
113
13.</struts-config>
114
19
9/10/2011
V d: Action Class
1.package hansen.playground;
5.
6.
7.
8.
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping,

ActionForm form,
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18. }
19.}
115
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9/10/2011

B mn Cng ngh Phn mm

1. Struts l g, ti sao s dng Struts?

LP TRNH WEB HNG JAVA

Ging vin: ThS. Trnh Tun t

Struts l mt Web application framework m

ng dng Struts l ng dng Web, chy c trn bt k

Tun theo cc mu thit k

Singleton, composition view, delegate

C km cc th vin th JSP custom tag

Struts cho php cc LTV ...

Model-View-Controller (MVC) framework

Pht trin ng dng web JSP/Servlet theo

1.2. Ti sao s dng Struts?

1.2. Ti sao s dng Struts

Struts m nhim nhng phn phc tp nht khi

1.2. Ti sao s dng Struts?

Tch hp tt vi Java EE (J2EE)

2. Kin trc ca Struts

MVC Design Pattern

Struts: Kin trc MVC

Struts: Kin trc MVC

Controller trung tm iu hnh lung ng dng, y

Vic forward c th c xc nh bng vic tra cu t

3 thnh phn chnh trong Struts

Struts tp trung ch yu vo phn Controller

Servlet controller (Controller)

Struts: Kin trc MVC

File cu hnh cha cc action mappings

ng dn ca yu cu: request path

Cc thnh phn Controller

Ging nh 1 switch trong kin trc MVC

c file cu hnh xc nh lung iu khin

Controller trong Struts Framework

Struts framework cung cp servlet:

Cc cu hnh lin quan ti Struts khc c

Vit lp Action (k tha lp Action) cho mi

Vit action mapping trong file cu hnh

Action Mapping nh ngha cc nh x gia URI

Cp nht file web.xml, thc hin mapping

Phi override phng thc execute() (phng

Cc thnh phn Controller trong Struts

ActionServlet (Struts cung cp)

Action (LTV vit)

Action Mapping (To bi LTV)

Nhim v ca ActionServlet? (2)

Thc hin vai tr ca Controller

Chu trch nhim khi to v dn dp ti

y nhim hu ht nhng cng vic ny cho

loads cc cu hnh ng dng trong web.xml

Lung Struts (Struts 1.0)

iu khin lung bi Controller

Server configured to pass *.do extensions to

ActionServlet object inspects the URI and tries to match it

Instance of appropriate Action class is found and its execute()

Action object handles the request and returns a next view.

To mt thc th ActionForm (nu cn thit) kt hp vi

What Does RequestProcessor Do?

Thit lp content type mc nh (ty chn cch encoding)

What Does RequestProcessor Do?

Chn mt locale (nu cha chn locale no) v t n

Xc nh ng dn (path) c request. Sau s c

Nu mapping biu din mt forward, forward

What Does RequestProcessor Do?