25 2016

:

-
( )

1.
.
.
.
.
.

2.
3.

1. 83-84 .
83 .


1.

300

40

220

70

130

90

50

100

(..) (..)
2

1/2

1/3

1/4

1/5

1. ..()=1/..=1/2

..()=1/..()=3

..()=1/..()=4

..()=1/..()=1/5

2.

300

220

130

50

40

70 90 100

3.

70

130

75

=;

90

50

..()=..()= ..()=4
,

4.

90

50

92

=;

100

..()=..()= ..()=5
,
, (=32, =30<400)
...
. ,
. ,
(..
, , ).

5. .
300. 110
190(=300110) 300.

, 190
:

40

220

=50

190

70

130

( )

 ( B ) 3 ... B 50.

,
190 , 50 .
110
, 50-0=50 .

1.
P

QS

QD

30

80

32

72

P = 5, = 50 QD QS = 50 QD 30 = 50 QD = 80

D QD = + P.
:
80 = + 5

(1)

72 = = + 6

(2)

(1), (2) : = 120, = -8.

QD = 120 8 P
S Qs = + P.
:
30 = + 5

(3)

32 = = + 6

(4)

(3), (4) : = 20, = 2.

Qs = 20 + 2 P

2.
:
QD QS 120 8 20 2 ... P 10.

P 10 .
10

QD 120 8 ... QD 40.

10

QS 20 2 ... QS 40.

, Q 40 .

3.
QD QS .
20 , :
QD QS 20 120 8 20 2 20 ... 8.

, 8 20
.

4.
QD 5 80 400 .
QD 6 72 432 .
%( )

432 400
100%
100% 8%.

400

8%.
|D| = < 1. .

( ).
,
. P = 5 P = 6,
.
6

5.
.

QD QS 110 8 20 2 ... P 9.

P 9 .
9

QD 110 8 ... QD 38.

9

QS 20 2 ... QS 38.

Q 38 .

.

.

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, ,
.