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14

: A B .


max

()

2
(1)
1.1
- (Externality) 3
.
-
.
2.2
1)
U A
U B
>0,
<0
Z
Z
- , A Z A
B .
- A B
.
2)
- A B
.
- A

, B ,
a .
- A
,
.

MB

OB
1-Z

Z
OA
MA
(2)
2.1 0
- 0 ,
.
-
.
- , A (1- ) .
- (1- ) 1) .
- .

1) .

MB

E0

UA

OB
1-Z

UB
U
UA B

E1
Z
OA
MA

1) A
- A A a
.
- , A B
.
- A .
, A B
.
- A M A E 0
.

2) B
- 0 b .
- A B
.
- A B M B E 1
.
3)
- 0
.
3. 0
3.1
- 0 ,

.2)

U =f(Z)+M
3.2
- ,
.
- Coase
,

.3)

MB

OB
1-Z

UA
UB

E1

E0
UB

UA

Z
OA
MA

3.3
- 0 , A B (A , B
) .
- 0 .
- Coase

.
3
(1) p.269~271
(2)
1 . ,

2) .
3) , ,
.
.

, .

.
.

4


.
.
5
(1)
. .
(2)
. ,
.
(,)
.
, 400 .
300 . A 350
B 150 .

50,250
300,-150

-50,300
0,0

6
, , ,
.
X (), Y () .

X
42

SIC1
SIC0
O

14

7
, , .
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.

, .



.
,

QA

8
P
SMC
PMC

P=MR

1.

A B B
A + .
2. A

B A A
B +
.
3. , ,
- : . .

-
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.
()
.
() .
-
.
.
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.
9
(1)




.
180

, 40
.

.
(2)
. ,

.
.
180
.

10
(1)
A 500 75, 1000 85 .

1000 .
(2)
A 500 50, 1000 35 .
500 .
(3)
500 20~100 , 1000
50~135 .
(4)
. 500
80, 1000 85 500
. (2)
. ,

(3) .
11
.
,
.

3/2 .

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