CEs) 5.8.2 Transformer Turns Ratio (TTR) Test The TTR test applies 8 V ac (hand-crank generator) to the low-voltage winding of a transformer under test and the reference transformer in the TTR set, The high-voltage windings of the transformer under test and the TTR reference trans- former are connected through a null detecting instrument. After polarity has been established at 8 V, when the null reading is zero, the dial readings indicate the ratio of the transformer under test, The TTR test provides the following information: 1. It determines the turns ratio and polarity of single- and three-phase transformers, one phase at a time. 2. Itconfirms nameplate ratio, polarity, and vectors. 3. Itdetermines the ratio and polarity (but not voltage rating) of transform= ers without markings. Tests include all no-load tap positions on a transformer,CEs) Tests include all load taps on load tapchanger (LTC) transformers if connected for voltage ratio control. On LTC transformers connected for phase angle control, ratio and polarity are performed in neutral positions only. If tested on load taps, readings may be taken for reference for future comparison, but will deviate from nameplate ratings. LTC taps may be confirmed by application of low three-phase voltage and reading volts and the phase angle for each. 4, Identify trouble in transformer windings, such as open circuit and short circuits of turn-to-tum sensitivity. The standard deviation as defined by ANSI 57.12-00, section 6.1 states that results should be within 0.5 percent of nameplate markings, with rated voltage applied to one winding. The TTR with accuracy of 0.1 percent is accepted as a “referee.”CEs) ‘The following procedures are used for conducting the TTR test: Transformer is isolated and tagged and leads disconnected, Read transformer nameplate. Observe polarities and vectors (phasors). Set up data test form as follows: Make the null check, zero ratio check, and unity ratio check on the TTR 5.8.2.1 Null Check Set dials to 0.000, anvils (C clamp) open; clip HI and H2 together. Crank to 8 V, Null detector should not deflect more than 1/16 in.CEs) 5.8.2.2 Zero Ratio Check All dials at zero, close anvils. Clip HI and H2 together. Crank to 8 V. Null should read zero. §.8.2.3 Unity Ratio Check Set dials to 1.000; connect H, and X,, and H and Xz, Crank to 8 V. Null should balance at 1.000 ratio. The test connections are shown in Figure 5.16(a) through (c).CEs) 5.8.2.4 Alternative Test for TTR In case a TTR test set is not available, a quick and rough test can be performed. to check the continuity and phase identification of transformer windings. The test consists of the following. The equipment needed for this test is a 100-W lamp with socket and an extension cord for connection to a 120-V 60-hertz (Hz) power supply, with which three test procedures are performed. Test 1: Connect the 120-V, 60-Hz power through the lamp to the transformer primary terminals as shown in Figure 5.17(a). Leave the transformer secondary winding open. The lamp will bum dimly. TEST 2: Maintain connections as described in test |, but now short the secondary winding. The lamp should burn with great brilliance. If the lamp still burns with somewhat less than full brilliance, investigate for problems in the transformer winding, Connections for this test are shown in Figure 5.17(b), Test 3: This test is similar to tests | and 2, but as applied to a three-phase transformer for phase identification and phase continuity check. Conduct tests |CEs) transformer for phase identification and phase continuity check. Conduct tests | and 2 for each winding of a three-phase transformer individually with the remaining windings left open. The test connections are shown in Figure 5.17(c). 5.8.3 Polarity Test The polarity test can be performed with the TTR on power, distribution, and potential transformers. However, for current transformers the TTR test is not used. Instead, a test commonly known as the kick test, consisting of applying a de battery and multimeter is used. The kick test can also be used for power, distribution, and potential transformers; however, the TTR test is preferred. The connections for a kick test for a current transformer are shown in Figure 5.18. The de battery voltage is usually about 7.5 V, and the multimeter voltage rangePROLEC |() See eeePROLEC |()PROLEC |() wonn- =a n+ ----------5 ‘TTR Test set bennone. (b) test connections for null check for TTR; (c) test connections for zero check for TTR. Figure 5.16 (a) Transformer tums ratio test set connections;