Mc Lc

CHNG I. GII THIU TNG QUAN................................................................................................3

I.

NHIM V CA N................................................................................................................3

II.

TNH CHT NGUYN LIU.....................................................................................................3

III.

C C.........................................................................................................................................3

1.

nh ngha..................................................................................................................................3

2.

Cc phng php c c...........................................................................................................3

3.

phn loi v ng dng...............................................................................................................3

4. u im v nhc im ca c c chn khng gin on..........................................................4

IV.

QUY TRNH CNG NGH........................................................................................................5

1.

Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh............................................................................................5

2.

Cc thit b c la chn trong quy trnh cng ngh..........................................................6

CHNG II. THIT K THIT B CHNH..........................................................................................8

A.

CN BNG VT CHT V NNG LNG..........................................................................8

I.

CN BNG VT CHT.................................................................................................................8
1.

Cn bng vt cht......................................................................................................................8

B.

Thit k thit b chnh.................................................................................................................13

I.

Tnh ton truyn nhit cho thit b c c....................................................................................13

1.

H s cp nhit khi ngng t hi...........................................................................................13

2.

H s cp nhit t b mt t n dng cht lng si..........................................................13

3.

Nhit ti ring pha tng.......................................................................................................14

4.

Nhit ti ring trung bnh.......................................................................................................15

5.

Tin trnh cc ti nhit ring..................................................................................................15

6.

H s truyn nhit tng qut K cho qu trnh c c..........................................................15

7.

Din tch b mt truyn nhit.................................................................................................15

C.

Tnh kch thc thit b c c..................................................................................................16

I.

Tnh kch thc bung bc............................................................................................................16

1.

ng knh bung bc............................................................................................................16

2.

Chiu cao bung bc...............................................................................................................17

II.

Tnh kch thc bung t.........................................................................................................17

1.

S ng truyn nhit..................................................................................................................17

2.

ng knh ng tun hon.....................................................................................................18

3.

ng knh bung t ( Dt )..................................................................................................18

Trang 1

4.

Kim tra din tch truyn nhit..............................................................................................18

III.

Tnh kch thc cc ng dn......................................................................................................19

1.

ng nhp liu............................................................................................................................19

2.

ng tho liu.............................................................................................................................19

3.

ng dn hi t........................................................................................................................19

4.

ng dn hi th........................................................................................................................20

5.

ng dn nc ngng................................................................................................................20

6.

ng dn kh khng ngng.......................................................................................................20

D.

tnh bn c kh cho cc chi tit ca thit b c c...................................................................20

1.

tnh cho bung t...................................................................................................................20

2.

Tnh cho bung bc.................................................................................................................23

3.

Tnh cho y bung bc..........................................................................................................26

4.

Tnh cho np bung bc..........................................................................................................29

5.

Tnh cho np bung t..........................................................................................................31

6.

Tnh cho y bung t..........................................................................................................33

7.

Tnh mt bch...........................................................................................................................33

8.

Tnh v ng................................................................................................................................34

9.

Khi lng v tai treo bung bc...........................................................................................37

10.

Khi lng v tai treo bung t...........................................................................................40

CHNG III. THIT K THIT B PH............................................................................................43

I.

THIT B NGNG T..................................................................................................................43

1.

Chn thit b ngng t............................................................................................................43

2. tnh thit b ngng t.....................................................................................................................44

II.

Bm...............................................................................................................................................49

1.

Bm chn khng......................................................................................................................49

2.

Bm a nc vo thit b ngng t.....................................................................................50

KT LUN.................................................................................................................................................52

Trang 2

Li ni u
nng cao nng ca dung dch theo yu cu ca sn xut k thut
ngi ta cn dng bin php tch bt dung mi ra khi dung dch. Phng
php ph bin l dng nhit lm bay hi cn cht rn tan khng bay hi,
khi nng dung dch s tng ln theo yu cu mong mun.
Thit b thng s dng ch yu trong nng cao nng dung dch ha
cht l thit b c c. Thit b c c gm nhiu loi v c phn loi
theo nhiu phng php khc nhau nh: thit b c c ng tun hon trung
tm, tun hon cng bc, trong thit b c c tun hon c ng tun
hon ngoi c dng ph bin. V thit b ny c nguyn l n gin, d
vn hnh v sa cha, hiu sut s dng cao dy chuyn thit b c th
dng 1 ni, 2 ni, 3 ni ni tip nhau to thnh sn phm theo yu cu.
Trong thc t ngi ta thng thit k s dng h thng c c 2 ni hoc
3 ni c hiu sut s dng hi t cao nht, gim tn tht trong qu trnh
sn xut.
n qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha hc l mt mn hc gip cho
sinh vin lm quen vi vic thit k mt thit b hay h thng thc hin
mt nhim v trong sn xut, c nhng k nng tnh ton cn thit sau khi
ra lm vic thc t. Lm n gip cho sinh vin bit h thng ha kin
thc c hc vo trong thc t, mi sinh vin s t bit s dng trong
vic tra cu cc thong s cn thit, vn dng ng cc kin thc c
hc trong tnh ton mt cch chnh xc, t m tng bc trnh nhng sai st
ng tic v sau, nng cao k nng trnh by v c c bn v thit b
mt cch c h thng.

Trang 3

CHNG I. GII THIU TNG QUAN

I.

NHIM V CA N
Nhim v c th ca n mn hc ny l Thit k thit b c c chn khng
mt ni gin on c c dung dch NaOH t nng 10% n nng 40%
, nng sut nguyn liu 600kg, s dng ng chm.
II.
TNH CHT NGUYN LIU
NaOH l mt khi tinh th trong sut, mu trng, n da mnh.
Nhit nng chy l 3180C
Nhit si l 13880C
N hp thu mnh hi m v CO2 ca khng kh, d chy ra thnh Na2CO3.
NaOH d dng tan trong nc, ta nhiu nhit to dung dch NaOH (dng dung
dch c s dng nhiu)
III. C C
1. nh ngha
C c l phng php dng nng cao nng cc cht ho tan trong
dung dch gm 2 hai nhiu cu t. Qu trnh c c ca dung dch lng rn
hay lng lng c chnh lch nhit si rt cao thng c tin hnh bng
cch tch mt phn dung mi (cu t d bay hi hn); l cc qu trnh vt l
ho l. Tu theo tnh cht ca cu t kh bay hi (hay khng bay hi trong
qu trnh ), ta c th tch mt phn dung mi (cu t d bay hi hn) bng
phng php nhit (un nng) hoc phng php lm lnh kt tinh.
C c l qu trnh lm tng nng ca cht rn ha tan trong dung
dch bng cch tch bt mt phn dung mi sang dng hi.
2. Cc phng php c c
Phng php nhit (un nng): dung mi chuyn t trng thi lng sang
trng thi hi di tc dng ca nhit khi p sut ring phn ca n bng p
sut tc dng ln mt thong cht lng.
Phng php lnh: khi h thp nhit n mt mc no , mt cu t s
tch ra di dng tinh th ca n cht tinh khit; thng l kt tinh dung mi
tng nng cht tan. Tu tnh cht cu t v p sut bn ngoi tc dng ln
mt thong m qu trnh kt tinh xy ra nhit cao hay thp v i khi ta
phi dng my lnh.
3. phn loi v ng dng
a. theo cu to

Trang 4

- Nhm 1: dung dch i lu t nhin (tun hon t nhin). Thit b c c nhm

ny c th c c dung dch kh long, nht thp, m bo s tun hon d
dng qua b mt truyn nhit. Bao gm:
C bung t trong (ng trc bung bc), ng tun hon trong hoc ngoi.
C bung t ngoi (khng ng trc bung bc)
- Nhm 2: dung dch i lu cng bc (tun hon cng bc). Thit b c c
nhm ny dng bm to vn tc dung dch t 1,5 m/s n 3,5 m/s ti b mt
truyn nhit. u im chnh l tng cng h s truyn nhit k, dng c cho
cc dung dch kh c st, nht cao, gim bm cn, kt tinh trn b mt truyn
nhit. Bao gm:
C bung t trong, ng tun hon ngoi.
C bung t ngoi, ng tun hon ngoi.
- Nhm 3: dung dch chy thnh mng mng. Thit b c c nhm ny ch cho
php dung dch chy dng mng qua b mt truyn nhit mt ln (xui hay
ngc) trnh s tc dng nhit lu lm bin cht mt s thnh phn ca
dung dch. c bit thch hp cho cc dung dch thc phm nh nc tri cy, hoa
qu p. Bao gm:
Mng dung dch chy ngc, c bung t trong hay
ngoi: dung dch si to bt kh v.
Mng dung dch chy xui, c bung t trong hay
ngoi: dung dch si t to bt v bt d v.
b. theo phng php thc hin
- C c p sut thng (thit b h): nhit si v p sut
khng i; thng c dng trong c c dung dch lin
tc gi mc dung dch c nh, nhm t nng sut cc
i v thi gian c c ngn nht.
- C c p sut chn khng: dung dch c nhit si thp
p sut chn khng. Dung dch tun hon tt, t to cn v
s bay hi dung mi din ra lin tc.
- C c nhiu ni: mc ch chnh l tit kim hi t. S
ni khng nn qu ln v n lm gim hiu qu tit kim
hi. Ngi ta c th c chn khng, c p lc hay phi hp
c hai phng php; c bit c th s dng hi th cho
mc ch khc nng cao hiu qu kinh t.
- C c lin tc: cho kt qu tt hn c c gin on. C
th c iu khin t ng nhng hin cha c cm bin
tin cy.
4. u im v nhc im ca c c chn khng gin on.
u im
Trang 5

- Gi c cht lng, tnh cht sn phm, hay cc cu t d bay hi.

- Nhp liu v tho sn phm n gin, khng cn n nh lu lng.
- Thao tc d dng
- C th c c n cc nng khc nhau
- Khng cn phi gia nhit ban u cho dung dch
- Cu to n gan, gi thnh thp
Nhc im
- Qu trnh khng n nh, tnh cht ha l ca dung dch thay i lin tc theo
nng , thi gian.
- Nhit hi th thp, khng dng c cho mc ch khc.
- Kh gi c chn khng trong thit b
IV.

QUY TRNH CNG NGH

1. Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh
Nguyn liu ban u l dung dch NaOH c nng 10%. Dung dch t b
cha nguyn liu c bm vo bung t bng bm nhp liu. Khi nhp
600kg th bt u cp hi t vo bung t gia nhit
Bung t l thit b trao i nhit dng ng chm: thn hnh tr, t ng,
bn trong gm nhiu ng nh c b tr theo nh hnh tam gic u. Cc u
ng c gi cht trn v ng v v ng c hn dnh vo thn. Ngun nhit l
hi nc bo ho c p sut 4 at i bn ngoi ng (pha v). Dung dch i t
di ln bn trong ng. Hi nc bo ho ngng t trn b mt ngoi ca ng
v cp nhit cho dung dch nng nhit ca dung dch ln nhit si.
Dung
dch sau khi c gia nhit s chy vo bung bc c c v thc hin qu
trnh bc hi. Hi nc ngng t thnh nc lng v theo ng dn nc ngng
qua by hi chy ra ngoi. Dung mi l nc bc hi s thot ra ngoi qua ng
dn hi th sau khi qua bung bc v thit b tch git. hi th c dn qua
thit b ngng t baromet v c ngng t bng nc lnh, sau khi ngng t
thnh lng s chy ra ngoi bn cha. phn khng ngng s c dn qua thit
b tch git ch cn kh khng ngng c bm chn khng ht ra ngoi.
Nguyn l lm vic ca ni c c:
Dung dch i trong ng truyn nhit cn hi t (hi nc bo ho) i trong
khong khng gian ngoi ng bung t. Hi t ngng t bn ngoi ng v
truyn nhit cho dung dch ang chuyn ng trong ng. dung dch sau khi t
ti nhit si cn thit s c chy qua bung bc bng ng tun hon ngoi
thc hin qu trnh bc hi v c c. ng tun hon ni vi y bung bc
c
kha li bng van v dung dch sau khi t c nng 40% s c tho ra
bn cha qua ng tho liu di y bung bc. nu trong qu trnh gia nhit
Trang 6

dung dch i trong bung t ri c a vo bung bc nhng cha c gia

nhit ti nhit si th van ng tun hon ni vi y bung bc s m
hon lu dung dch tr li bung t bng bm tun hon, tip tc gia nhit
cho dung dch
2. Cc thit b c la chn trong quy trnh cng ngh
Thit b chnh:
ng nhp liu, ng tho liu
ng tun hon, ng truyn nhit
Bung t, bung bc, y, np
Cc ng dn: hi t, hi th, nc ngng, kh khng ngng

Thit b ph:
B cha nguyn liu
B cha sn phm
Bn cao v
Lu lng k
Thit b gia nhit
Thit b ngng t baromet
Bm nguyn liu vo bn cao v

Bm tho liu
Bm nc vo thit b ngng t
Bm chn khng
Cc van
Thit b o nhit , p sut

Trang 7

CHNG II. THIT K THIT B CHNH

A. CN BNG VT CHT V NNG LNG
I. CN BNG VT CHT
Cc s liu ban u:
nng u 10%.
Nng cui 40%.
Nng sut nhp liu G = 600kg
Nhit u ca nguyn liu: chn t0 = 300c
Gia nhit bng hi nc bo ha, p sut 4at
p sut chn khng c c: Pck = 0.7at Pc = 1 0.7 = 0.3
1. Cn bng vt cht
a. Sut lng tho liu (Gc)
Theo cng thc 5.16, trang 293, [5]
G.X = Gc.Xc
Gc =

G . X
Xc

600.10
40

= 150kg

Tng hi th bc ln (W)
Theo cng thc 5.16, trang 293, [5]
G = W + Gc
W = G Gc = 600 150 = 450kg
Trong :
G, Gc:
W:

lng dung dch u v cui mi giai on , kg

lng hi th bc ln trong mi giai on, kg

X, xc:
nng u v cui mi giai on
G.x, Gc.xc: khi lng NaOH trong dung dch, kg
b. Tn tht nhit
Ta c p sut ti thit b ngng t l Pc = 0.3at
Nhit ca hi th trong thit b ngng t l tc = 68,70c (bng I.251, trang 314
[1] )
l tn tht nhit ca hi th trn ng ng dn t bung bc n thit b
ngng t. chn = 10c ( trang 296 [5] )
Nhit si ca dung mi ti p sut bung bc
Tsdm (P0) = tc + = 68,7 + 1 = 69,70c
p sut bung bc ( tra [1], trang 312 nhit 69,70c
P0 = 0,3139 at
c. Tn tht nhit do nng tng ()
Theo cng thc TisenCo ( VI.10 trang 59 [2] )
= 0.f
Trong
Trang 8

0: tn tht nhit do nhit si ca dung dch ln hn nhit si ca

dung mi p sut kh quyn.
Dung dch c c c tun hon nn
A = Xc = 40%
Trong bng VI.2 trang 67 [2] 0 = 280c
f _ h s hiu chnh do khc p sut kh quyn, c tnh theo cng thc VI.11
trang 59, [2]
2

(t+ 273)
f = 16,14.
r

trong
t - nhit si ca dung mi p sut cho ( tsdm (Po) = 69,70c )
r - n nhit ha hi ca dung mi nguyn cht p sut lm vic, trong bng
I.251, trang 314 [1]. r = 2333,732 KJ/Kg
(69,7+ 273)2
F = 16,14. 2333,732.1000

= 0.812

= 28 . 0,812 = 22,7360c
Tsdd (Po) = tsdm (Po) + = 69,7 + 22,736 = 92,4360c
d. Tn tht nhit do p sut thy tnh ()
Gi chnh lch p sut t b mt dung dch n gia ng l p (N/m2), ta c
1

p = 2 . s.g.Hop , N/m2
Trong s khi lng ring trung bnh ca dung dch khi si bt, Kg/m3
Hop chiu cao lp chy lng si
Hop = [ 0.26 + 0.0014( dd dm) ]. Ho
Vi Ho chiu cao ng truyn nhit

dm khi lng ring ca dung mi tsdm

Chn chiu cao ng truyn nhit Ho = 1,5m
Do trong khong nhit nh, hiu s ( dd dm) thay i khng ng k nn
ta chn tra dd , dm 200c
dd (40%) = 1430kg/m3

= 998,23 Kg/m3
Hop = [ 0,26 + 0.0014.(1430 998,23) ]. 1,5 = 1,297m
dm

p = 0,5.

.g.Hop = 0,5. 2 . 1430.9,81. 1,297 = 4548,68 (N/m2) =

hh

0,046at

Ptb = P0 + p = 0,3139 + 0,046 =0,3599at

Nhit si ca nc 0,3599at l 72,800c ( bng I.251 trang 312 [1] )
tng nhit si ca ct thy tnh
Trang 9

 = tsdm(Ptb) tsdm(Po) = 72,80 69,7 = 3,10c

Nhit si dung dch NaOH 40% p sut
Po + p l tsdd(Po + p) = 92,436 + 3,1 = 95,5360c
Sn phm c ly ra ti y
tsdd(Po + 2p) = 92,436 + 2.3,1 = 98,6360c
tn tht nhit
= + + = 22,736 + 3,1 + 1 = 26,8360c
Gia nhit bng hi nc bo ha, p sut hi t 4at, tD = 142,90c ( bng I.251,
trang 315 [1] )
Chnh lch nhit hu ch
thi = tD ( tc + )
thi = 142,9 ( 69,7 + 26,836 ) = 46,3640c
Thng s
Nng u
Nng cui
Nng sut nhp liu
Nng sut tho liu
Sut lng
p sut
Nhit
p sut
Nhit
n nhit ngng t
Nhit si ca dung dch
Po
Tn tht nhit do nng
p sut trung bnh
Nhit si ca dung mi
Ptb
Tn tht nhit do ct thy
tnh
Tn tht nhit trn ng
ng
Nhit si ca dung dch
Ptb
Tng tn tht nhit
Chnh lch nhit hu ch

K hiu
X
Xc
G
Gc
Hi th
W
Po
tsdm(Po)
Hi t
PD
tD
rD
Tn tht nhit
Tsdd(Po)

n v
%wt
%wt
kg/h
kg/h

Gi tr
10
40
600
150

kg/h
at
0
C

450
0,3139
69,7

at
C
kJ/kg

4
142,9
2141

92,436

C
at
0
C

22,736
0,3599
72,80

Ptb
tsdm(Ptb)

3,1

tsdd(Ptb)

95,536

thi

C
C

26,836
46,364

Trang 10

e. Cn bng nng lng

a. Cn bng nhit lng
Dng nhit vo (W)
- Do dung dch u G.C.t
- Do hi t
D.iD
- Do hi ngng trong ng ng dn hi t .Dc.tc
Dng nhit vo (W)
- Do sn phm mang ra Gc.Cc.tc
- Do hi th mang ra W.iW
Do nc ngng
D.C.
- Nhit c c
Qc
- Nhit tn tht
Qtt
Nhit do dung dch NaOH 10% trc v sau khi i qua thit b gia nhit
tvo = 300c
tra = tsdd(Po) = 92,4360c
Nhit dung dch NaOH 10% i vo thit b c c t = 92,4360c
Nhit ca dung dch NaOH 40% i ra y thit b c c l
tc = tsdd(Po + 2p) = 92,436 + 2.3,1 = 98,6360c
( cng thc 2.15 trang 107 [3] )
Nhit dung ring ca dung dch NaOH cc nng khc nhau c tnh theo
cng thc (I.43, I.44 , trang 152 [1]
a =10% ( a < 0,2 )
c = 4186. (1 a ) = 4186. ( 1 0.1 ) = 3767,4 J/(Kg.K)
a = 40% ( a > 0,2 )
cc = 4186 ( 4186 cct ).a = 4186 ( 4186 1310,75 ). 0,4 = 3035,9 J/(Kg.K)
Vi Cct l nhit dung ring ca NaOH khan, c tnh theo cng thc I.41
trang 152, [1]
Cct =

CNa .1+Co .1+CH .1

Mct

26000+ 16800+ 9630

40

= 1310,75 J/(Kg.K)

b. Phng trnh cn bng nhit

Gct + D iD" + DctD = Gccctc + W iW" + Dc Qc + Qtt *
(+Qc ng vi qu trnh thu nhit, - Qc ng vi qu trnh to nhit )
C th b qua:
- nhit lng do hi nc bo ha ngng t trong ng ng dn hi bung t:
DctD = 0
- Nhit c c: Qc = 0
Trong hi nc bo ho, bao gi cng c mt lng nc ngng b cun
theo khong = 0,05 ( m ca hi).
Nhit lng do hi nc bo ho cung cp l D(1 - )( iD" - c); W
Nc ngng chy ra c nhit bng nhit ca hi t vo (khng c qu
lnh sau khi ngng) th ( iD" - c) = rD = 2141 kJ/kg (n nhit ngng t ca hi
t).
T * D.( 1- ). (ID C ) + G.C.t = Gc.Cc.tc + W.iW + Qtt
Trang 11

Lng Qtt ra mi trng xung quanh thng tnh bng ( 0,03 0,05 )Q
Thay Qtt = .QD = 0,05.QD ( trang 143, [9] )
QD = D.( 1- ). (1 ).( iD" - c) = G. ( Cc.tc C.t ) + W.( IW Cc.tc )
Lng hi t biu kin
D=

G . ( Cc .tc C . t ) +W .(i ' ' W Cctc)

( 1 ) . ( 1 ) .r D

600
450
. ( 3035,9 . 98,6363767,4. 142,9 ) +
+(2333,732.1033035,9.98,636)
3600
3600
( 10.05 ) . ( 10.05 ) . 2141000

0,111kg/s
Nhit lng do hi t cung cp
QD = D. ( 1- ). ( 1 ). rD = 0,111. ( 1 0,05 ). ( 1 0,05 ). 2141000 =
214480,03 (W)
Lng hi t tiu tn ring
d=

D
W

0,111
= 450

.3600 = 0,888 kg hi t/ kg hi th.

Thng s
Nhit vo bung bc
Nhit ra y bung t
Nhit dung ring dung dch
10%
Nhit dung ring dung dch
30%
Nhit tn tht
Nhit lng do hi t cung
cp
Lng hi t biu kin
Lng hi t tiu tn ring

K hiu
T
Tc
C

n v
0
c
0
c
J/(kg.K)

Gi tr
92,4360c
98,6360c
3767,4

CC

J/(kg.K)

3035,9

Qtt
QD

W
W

10724,0015
214480,03

D
d

Kg/s
Kg/s

0,111
0,888

B. Thit k thit b chnh

I. Tnh ton truyn nhit cho thit b c c
1. H s cp nhit khi ngng t hi
Gim tc hi t nhm bo v cc ng truyn nhit ti khu vc hi t vo
bng cch chia lm nhiu ming vo. Chn tc hi t nh ( = 10 m/s), nc
ngng chy mng (do ng truyn nhit ngn c h 0 = 1,5 m), ngng hi bo ho
tinh khit trn b mt ng. Cng thc (V.101), trang 28, [4] c p dng:
0,25

r
(
)
1 = 2,04. A
H . t1

(2)

Trong :
1 h s cp nhit pha hi ngng; W/(m2.K)
r - n nhit ngng t ca hi nc bo ho p sut 4 at (2141 kJ/kg)
Trang 12

H - chiu cao ng truyn nhit (H = h 0 = 1,5 m)

A - h s, i vi nc th ph thuc vo nhit mng nc ngng tm
tD +tv1
2

Tm =

(1)

Chn nhit vch ngoi tv1 = 139,80C

Sau nhiu ln tnh lp
Tm =

142,9+139,8
2

= 141,350C

Tra A ( trang 29, [2] )

A = 194,405
t1 = tD tv1 = 142,9 139,8 = 3,10C
t1 = tD tv1 hiu s gia nhit ngng v nhit pha tng tip
xc vi hi ngng, 0C

= 2,04. 194,405.(

2141000
1,5.3,1

) = 10330,67 W/(m2.K)

Nhit ti ring pha hi ngng

q1 = 1. t1 = 10330,67. 3,1 = 32025,08 W/m2
2. H s cp nhit t b mt t n dng cht lng si
p dng cng thc (VI.27), trang 71, [2]:

= n.

dd
dm
.

dd
dm

W/(m2.K) (4)

Trong :
n - h s cp nhit ca nc khi c c theo nng dung dch. Do
nc si si bt
nn n c tnh theo cng thc (V.91), trang 26, [2]:
n = 0,145.p 0,5 .t 2,33
vi P = Po = 0,3139 at = 3078,564 N/m2
Sau khi tnh lp ta c tv2 = 112,43370C
t = tv2 tsdd(Ptb) = 112,4337 95,536 = 16,8980C
0,5
2,33
n = 0,145. 30783,564 . 16,898
= 18466,463 W/(m2.K)
Tra:
cdd = 3490 J/(kg.K) - nhit dung ring ca dung dch tsdd(ptb ), tra
bng I.154, trang 172 [1]
cdm = 4189,24 J/(kg.K) - nhit dung ring ca nc tsdm(ptb), tra
bng I.249 trang 311 [1]
Trang 13

= 0,00292Pa.s - nht ca dung dch tsdd(ptb), tra bng

dd

I.101 trang 91 [1]

dm = 0,000387 Pa.s - nht ca nc tsdm(ptb ), tra bng

I.249 trang 311 [1]

dd = 1378,123 kg/m3 - khi lng ring ca dung dch tsdd (ptb),
tra bng I.2 trang 9 [1]
dm = 976,175 kg/m3 - khi lng ring ca nc tsdm (ptb ), tra
bng I.5 trang 11 [1]
dd = 0,5601 W/(m.K) - h s dn nhit ca dung dch tsdd (ptb),
tra bng I.130 trang 134 [1]
dm = 0,67 W/(m.K) - h s dn nhit ca nc tsdm (ptb), tra bng
I.249 trang 311 [1]

= 18466,46.

0,56 0,565
(
)
.[
0,67

1378,123
976,175

0,435

= 8637, 38 W/m2.k
3. Nhit ti ring pha tng
Cng thc tnh
qv =

tv
rv

, W/m2

trong : rv tng t vch ; m2.K/W

rv = r1 +

3
+ r2 = 0,3448. 10
+

0,002
16,3

3
+ 0,387. 10

= 0,8545. 10-3 m2.K/W

1

Vi r1 = 2900 = 0.3448.10-3 m2.K/W nhit tr pha hi nc do vch

ngoi ca ng c mng mng nc ngng (bng 31, trang 29, [8])
r2 = 0,387.10-3 m2.K/W nhit tr pha dung dch do vch trong ca
ng c lp
cn bn dy 0,5 mm (bng V.1, trang 4, [2]).
= 2 mm = 0,002 m b dy ng truyn nhit
= 16,3 W/(m.K) h s dn nhit ca ng (tra bng XII.7, trang
313, [2] vi ng c lm bng thp khng g OX18H10T)
tv = tv1 - tv2 (3) ; K chnh lch nhit gia 2 vch tng
Truyn nhit n nh qv = q1 = q2
tv = qv. rv = 32025,08. 0,8545.10-3 = 27,36630C
Nhit ti ring pha dung dch
q2 = 2 . t2 = 8637,38. 16,898 = 145954, 447 W/m2
4. Nhit ti ring trung bnh
Trang 14

Qtb =

q 1+ q 2
2

32025,08+145954,447
2

= 88989,76 W/m2

5. Tin trnh cc ti nhit ring

Dng phng php s, ta ln lt tnh lp qua cc bc sau:
- Chn nhit tng pha hi ngng tv1
t tnh tm theo (1) v t1 = tD tv1 .
- Tnh h s cp nhit pha hi ngng 1 theo (2), t tnh q1
- t qv = q1 , t tnh tv theo (3).
- Tnh tv2 = tv1 tv , t tnh t2 = tv2 tsdd (ptb) v h s cp nhit pha
dung dch si 2 theo (4).
- Tnh q2 .
- Tnh qtb =

q1 +q 2
2

- Tnh sai s tng i ca q1 so vi qtb . Vng lp kt thc khi sai s ny

nh hn 5 %.
q =/

q 1qtb
q1

/=/

32025,0888989,76
32025,08

/ = 1,78

q < 5% nn sai s c chp nhn ( cc thng s c chn ph

hp )
6. H s truyn nhit tng qut K cho qu trnh c c
K c tnh thng qua cc h s cp nhit
K=

1
1
1
+ rv +
1
2

1
1
1
3
+0,8545.10 +
10330,67
8637, 38

7. Din tch b mt truyn nhit

F=

QD
K . t hi

214480,03

= 937,14. 46,364 = 4,9363 m2

Chn F = 4, 9363 m2

I.

C. Tnh kch thc thit b c c

Tnh kch thc bung bc
1. ng knh bung bc
Lu lng hi th trong bung bc
Trang 15

= 937,14 W/(m2.K)

Vh =

W
h

450

= 3600. 0,1957 = 0,6387 m3/s

Trong
W sut lng hi th Kg/h
h = 0,1957 Kg/m3 khi lng ring ca hi th p sut bung bc
Po = 0,3139at tra bng I.251, trang 314 [1]
Tc hi th trong bung bc
Wh =

Vh
2
. Db
4

4. 0,6387
. D2b

0,813
D 2b

(m/s)

Trong
Db ng knh bung bc ; m
Tc lng c tnh theo cng thc (5. 14), trang 276 [5]
1,558
4.9,81. ( 977,9620,1957 ) .0,0003
4. g . ( ' ' ' ) . d
1,2
1,2
Wo =
=
=
; m/s
''
Db
3. 8,079. D . 0,1957
3. .

Trong
' = 977,962 Kg/m3 khi lng ring ca git lng tsdm(Po) tra bng
I.249, trang 311 [1]
h = 0,1957 Kg/m3 khi lng ring ca hi th p sut bung bc
Po = 0,6275at
D: ng knh git lng ; m. chn d = 0,0003m trang 292 [5]
h s tr lc tnh theo Re
Re =

W h . d . ''
h

0,813.0,0003. 0,1957
2
D b . 0,000012

3,978
2
Db

Vi h = 0,012.10-3 Pa.s nht ng lc hc ca hi th p sut

0,3139at. Tra hnh VI, trang 57 [8]
18,5
0,6

Nu 0,2 < Re < 500 th =

= 18,5.

D 2b 0,6
(
)
3,978

1,2
= 8,079. Db

p dng iu kin Wh < ( 0,7 0,8 ) Wo theo [5] trang 157

0,813
D 2b

< 0,7.

1,558
D 0,6
b

Db > 0,8104m
Trang 16

Chn Db = 0,8m = 800mm theo tiu chun trang 157 [5]

Kim tra li Re

3,978
2
0,8

Re =

= 6,2156 ( tha 0,2 < Re < 500 )

2. Chiu cao bung bc

p dng cng thc VI.33, trang 72, [2]:
Utt = f. Utt (1at); m3/(m3.h)
Trong :
f h s hiu chnh do khc bit p sut kh quyn
Utt (1at) cng bc hi th tch cho php khi p = 1 at. Chn Utt (1at) =
1650 m3/(m3.h), f = 1,1 (tra hnh VI.3, trang 72, [2]).
Utt = 1,1.1650 = 1815 m3/(m3.h)
Th tch ca khng gian hi c tnh theo cng thc VI.32 trang 71 [2]
Vb =

W
h .Utt

450

= 0,1957.1815 = 1,267 m3

Chiu cao bung bc:

Vb

Hb =

. Db
4

4.1, 267
. 0,82

= 2,520m

Chn chiu cao bung bc Hb = 2,5m

II.

Tnh kch thc bung t

1. S ng truyn nhit
S ng truyn nhit c tnh theo cng thc (III-49), trang 134, [4]:
F

n = .d.l
Trong
F = 4,9363 m2 din tch b mt truyn nhit
l = 1,5 m chiu di ca ng truyn nhit
d ng knh ca ng truyn nhit
V 1 > 2 nn ta chn d = dt = 25 mm.
S ng truyn nhit l
4,9363

n = . 1,5.0,025 = 41,9
Theo tiu chun bng V.11, trang 48 [2]. Chn s ng n = 61, b tr theo hnh lc
gic u.
- S lc gic u l 4
- S ng trn ng xuyn tm ca hnh lc gic l 9
- S ng trn 1 cnh ca hnh lc gic ln nht l 5
2. ng knh ng tun hon
p dng cng thc (III.26), trang 121, [6]:
Trang 17

Dth =

4. ft

;m

Chn ft = 0,3FD
Vi FD =

. d 2n . n
4

ft = 0,3.

. d 2n . n
4

4.0,0121

Dth =

= 0,3.

. 0,0292 . 61
4

= 0,012m2

= 0,1241m

Chn Dtth = 159mm theo tiu chun trang 155, [5]

Chn Dnth = 169mm
Chn chiu di ng tun hon l 1m
3. ng knh bung t ( Dt )
ng knh trong ca bung t c tnh theo cng thc V.140, trang 49 [2]
Dt = t. (b 1) + 4d ; m
Trong
t bc ng; m. chn bc ng t = 1,2 1,5dn trang 49 [2]
dn = 0,029 m ng knh ngoi ca ng truyn nhit
b s ng trn ng cho ca hnh su cnh u
Dt = 1,2.0,029.( 9 1) + 4.0,029 = 0,3944m
Chn Dt = 400mm theo tiu chun trang 156, [5]
4. Kim tra din tch truyn nhit
S hnh lc gic
S ng trn ng xuyn tm
Tng s ng khng k cc ng trong hnh vin phn
S ng trong cc hnh vin phn
Dy 1
Dy 1
Tng s ng trong tt c cc hnh vin phn
Tng s ng ca thit b

4
9
61
0
0
0
61

Din tch b mt truyn nhit lc ny l:

F = ( n.dt + Dth ). . H = (61. 0,025 + 0,159). .1,5 = 7,94 m2 > 4,94 m2 (tha)
III.

Tnh kch thc cc ng dn

ng knh ca cc ng c tnh mt cch tng qut theo cng thc (VI.41),
trang 74, [2]:
Trang 18

d=

4.G
.v.

trong :
G lu lng khi lng ca lu cht; kg/s
v tc ca lu cht; m/s
khi lng ring ca lu cht; kg/m3
1. ng nhp liu
G = 600kg/h
Nhp liu dung dch nht (Dung dch NaOH 10% 92,4360C). Chn v = 1 m/s
(trang 74, [2]).
= 1068,917kg/m3 tra bng I.2 trang 9 [1]

d =

4.G
.v.

4. 600
3600. . 1.1068,917

= 0,0141 m

Chn ng thp tiu chun theo bng XIII.33 ti liu [2] trang 435
ng knh trong 20mm
ng knh ngoi 25mm
2. ng tho liu
Gc = 150 kg/h
tho liu dung dch nht (dung dch NaOH 40% 98,6360C ). Chn v = 1 m/s
(trang 74,[2] )
= 1375,955 kg/h tra bng I.2 trang 9 [1]

d =

4.G
.v.

4.150
3600. . 1.1375,955

= 0,00621m

Chn ng thp tiu chun theo bng XIII.33 ti liu [2] trang 435
ng knh trong 20mm
ng knh ngoi 25mm
3. ng dn hi t
D = 0,111 kg/s
Dn hi nc bo ho p sut 4 at. Chn v = 20 m/s (trang 74, [2]).
= 0,4718 kg/m3 (tra bng I.251, trang 315, [1]).
D=

4.G
.v.

4. 0,111
.20. 0,4718

= 0,1224 m

Chn ng thp tiu chun theo bng XIII.33 ti liu [2] trang 435
ng knh trong 150mm
ng knh ngoi 159mm
4. ng dn hi th
w = 450kg/h
Dn hi nc bo ho p sut 0,3139at. Chn v = 20 m/s (trang 74, [2]).
Trang 19

 = 0,1957 kg/m3 (tra bng I.251, trang 314, [1]).

d=

4.G
.v.

4. 450
3600. .20 . 0,1957

= 0,2017m

Chn ng thp tiu chun theo bng XIII.33 ti liu [2] trang 435
ng knh trong 200mm
ng knh ngoi 219mm
5. ng dn nc ngng
1

Chn Gn = 3 D
Dn nc lng cn bng vi hi nc bo ho 4 at. Chn v = 0,75m/s (trang 74,
[2]).
= 923,461 kg/m3 (tra bng I.251, trang 315, [1]).
D=

4.G
.v.

4.0,111
3. .0,75 . 923,461

= 0,00825m

Chn ng thp tiu chun theo bng XIII.33 ti liu [2] trang 435
ng knh trong 20mm
ng knh ngoi 25mm
6. ng dn kh khng ngng
Chn ng knh trong 20mm
ng knh ngoi 25mm
D. tnh bn c kh cho cc chi tit ca thit b c c
1. tnh cho bung t
a. s lc v cu to
Bung t c ng knh trong Dt = 400 mm, chiu cao Ht = 1500 mm.
Thn c 3 l, ng vi 3 ng: dn hi t, x nc ngng, x kh khng ngng.
Vt liu ch to l thp khng g OX18H10T, c bc lp cch nhit.
b. tnh ton
B dy ti thiu S:
Hi t l hi nc bo ho c p sut 4 at nn bung t chu p sut trong l:
pm = pD pa = 4 1 = 3 at = 0,2943 N/mm2
p sut tnh ton l:
Pt = pm + gH = 0,2943 + 1273,25.9,81.10-6 .1,5 = 0,313 N/mm2
Nhit ca hi t vo l tD = 142,90C, vy nhit tnh ton ca bung t
l:
ttt = tD + 20 = 142,9 + 20 = 162,90C
(trng hp thn c bc lp cch nhit)
Theo hnh 1.2, trang 16, [7], ng sut cho php tiu chun ca vt liu ttt l:
Trang 20

[]* = 115 N/mm 2

Chn h s hiu chnh = 0,95 (c bc lp cch nhit) (trang 17, [7]).
ng sut cho php ca vt liu l:
[] = . []* = 0,95.115 = 109,25 N/mm2
Tra bng 2.12, trang 34, [7]: module n hi ca vt liu ttt l E = 2,05.105
N/mm2 .
Xt:
[ ] .

109,25. 0,95
0,313

Pt

= 331,66 > 25

Theo cng thc 5-3, trang 96, [7]:

S =

D t . Pt
2. [ ] .

400. 0,313

= 2. 109,25. 0,95 = 0,6032 mm

Trong :
= 0,95 h s bn mi hn (bng 1-8, trang 19, [7], hn 1 pha)
Dt = 400 mm ng knh trong ca bung t
Pt = 0,313 N/mm 2 p sut tnh ton ca bung t
B dy thc S:
Dt = 400mm Smin = 2 mm > 0,4901 mm chn S = Smin = 2mm (theo
bng 5.1, trang 94, [7]).
Chn h s n mn ho hc l Ca = 1mm (thi gian lm vic 10 nm).
Vt liu c xem l bn c hc nn Cb = Cc = 0.
Chn h s b sung do dung sai ca chiu dy C0 = 0,22 mm (theo bng
XIII.9, trang 364, [2])
H s b sung b dy l:
C = Ca + Cb + Cc + C0 = 1 + 0 + 0 + 0,22 = 1,22 mm
B dy thc l:
S = S + C = 2 + 1,22 = 3,22 mm
Chn S = 4mm
Kim tra b dy bung t:
p dng cng thc 5-10, trang 97, [7]:
SC a
Dt

41
400

= 0,0075 < 1 (tha)

Trang 21

p sut tnh ton cho php trong bung t:

2. [ ] . . ( SC a )
2. 109,25. 0,95.(41)
[P] =
=
400+( 41)
Dt + ( SC a )
= 1,545 N/mm2 > P t = 0,313 N/mm2
Vy b dy bung t l 4mm
ng knh ngoi ca bung t
Dn = Dt + 2S = 400 + 2.4 = 408 mm
Tnh bn cho cc l:
ng knh l cho php khng cn tng cng (cng thc 8-2, trang 162, [7]):
3
dmax = Dt . ( SC a ) .(1k ) ; mm
Trong :
Dt = 400 mm ng knh trong ca bung t
S = 4 mm b dy ca bung t
k h s bn ca l
Pt . D t

k = ( 2,3. [ ] P t ) . ( SC a ) =

0,313. 400
( 2,3. 109,250,313 ) .(41)

= 0,166

dmax = 400. 109,25. ( 41 ) .(10,166) = 47,818 mm

So snh:
ng dn hi t dt = 150 mm > d max
ng x nc ngng dt = 20 mm < d max
ng x kh khng ngng dt = 20 mm < d max
Cn tng cng cho l ca hi t vo, dng bc tng cng vi b dy khu tng
cng bng b dy thn (4mm)
2. Tnh cho bung bc
a. S lc v cu to
Bung bc c ng knh trong l Dt = 800 mm, chiu cao Ht = 2500 mm.
Thn c 2 l, gm: ng nhp liu, knh quan st.
Pha di bung bc l phn hnh nn ct c g lin kt vi bung t
Vt liu ch to l thp khng g OX18H10T, c bc lp cch nhit.
b. Tnh ton
B dy ti thiu S:
Bung bc lm vic iu kin chn khng nn chu p lc t bn ngoi. V
p sut tuyt i thp nht bn trong l 0,3139at nn bung bc chu p sut
ngoi l:
Pn = pm = 2pa p0 = 2.1 0,3139 = 1,6861 at = 0,1654 N/mm2
Nhit ca hi th ra l tsdm (po) = 69,70C, vy nhit tnh ton ca bung
bc l:
ttt = 69,7 + 20 = 89,70C (trng hp thn c bc lp cch nhit)
Chn h s bn mi hn h = 0,95 (bng 1-8, trang 19, [7], hn 2 pha)
Theo hnh 1.2, trang 16, [7], ng sut cho php tiu chun ca vt liu ttt l:
[]* = 125 N/mm2
Trang 22

Chn h s hiu chnh = 0,95 (c bc lp cch nhit) (trang 17, [7]).

ng sut cho php ca vt liu l:
[] = .[]* = 0,95.125 = 118,75 N/mm2
Tra bng 2.12, trang 34, [7]: module n hi ca vt liu ttt l
E = 2,01.105 N/mm 2 .
Chn h s an ton khi chy l nc = 1,65 (bng 1-6, trang 14, [7]).
ng sut chy ca vt liu l
'c

= []*.nc = 125. 1,65 = 206,25 N/mm2

Khi lng ring ca dung dch NaOH 30% t sdd (ptb) l

dd = 1378,123 kg/m3
p dng cng thc 5-14, trang 98, [7]:

S = 1,18. D.

Pn L
.
E D

0,4

= 1,18.800.

0,1654 2500 0,4

.
)
2,01.105 800

= 5,4834 mm

Trong :
Dt = 800 mm ng knh trong ca bung bc
Pn = 0,1654 N/mm2 p sut tnh ton ca bung bc
l = 2500 mm chiu di tnh ton ca thn, l khong cch gia hai mt
bch
B dy thc S:
Dt = 800 mm Smin = 3mm < 5,4834 mm chn S = 5,4834 mm (theo
bng 5.1, trang 94, [7])
Chn h s n mn ho hc l Ca = 1 mm (thi gian lm vic 10 nm).
Vt liu c xem l bn c hc nn Cb = Cc = 0.
Chn h s b sung do dung sai ca chiu dy C0 = 0,5mm (theo bng
XIII.9, trang 364, [2]).
H s b sung b dy l:
C = Ca + Cb + Cc + C0 = 1 + 0 + 0 + 0,5 = 1,5 mm
B dy thc l:
S = S + C = 5,4834 + 1,5 = 6,9834 mm
Chn S = 7mm
Kim tra b dy bung bc:
L
Dt

2500
800

= 3,125

Kim tra cng thc 5-15, trang 99, [7]:

Dt
L
2. ( SC a )

1,5.
Dt
2. ( SC a )
D

1,5.

2. ( 71 )
800

3,125

0,184 3,125 8,165 (tha)

Trang 23

800
2. ( 71 )

Kim tra cng thc 5-16, trang 99, [7]:

t
Et
L
2. ( SCa ) 3
0,3.
[
]
t
Dt
.
D

2,01.10
206,25

3,125

0,3.

3,125

0,537 (tha)

2. ( 71 )
]
800

Kim tra n nh ca thn khi chu tc dng ca p sut ngoi:

So snh Pn vi p sut tnh ton cho php trong thit b [Pn]
theo 5-19, trang 99, [7]:
Dt
E .
L

[ Pn ] = 0,649.

SC a 2
. ( Dt ) .

800

71

0,649. 2,01.105. 2500 . ( 800 )2 .

SCa
Dt

( 71 )
800

Pn

N/mm2 0,1654 N/mm2

0,2033 N/mm2 0,1654 N/mm2 (tha)

Kim tra n nh ca thn khi chu tc dng ca lc nn chiu trc:
Xt: L = 2500 mm 5D = 5.800 = 4000 mm
Lc nn chiu trc ln bung bc:
Pnct

D2n
4 .

Pn

(800+2.7)
4

. 0,1654 = 21518,61 N

Theo iu kin 5-33, trang 103, [7]:

25

D
2. ( SCa )

800
2.(71)

= 66,67 250

Tra qc = f. [ 2.(SC a) [7], trang 103:

qc = 0,066
t

Kc = 875.

c
t
E .

qc

= 875.

206,25
2,01.10 5 . 0,066 = 0,0593

iu kin tho mn n nh ca thn (5-32, trang 103, [7]):

S Ca

71

Pnct
. K c . Et
21518,61
. 0,0593. 2,01.105

6 0,758 (tha)
ng sut nn c tnh theo cng thc 5-48, trang 107, [7]:

Trang 24

Pnct

= . ( Dt + S ) . ( SC a ) =

21518,61
. ( 800+7 ) .(71)

= 1,4146 N/mm2

ng sut nn cho php c tnh theo cng thc 5-31, trang 103, [7]:
[

= Kc.

Et .

SC a
Dt

5
= 0,0593. 2,01.10 .

71
800

= 89,395 N/mm2

Kim tra n nh ca thn khi chu tc dng ng thi ca p sut ngoi

v
lc nn chiu trc:
Kim tra iu kin 5-47, trang 107, [7]:
n

Pn
[ Pn]

[n] +
1,4146

1
0,1654

89,395 + 0,2033 = 0,829 1 (tha)

Vy b dy bung bc l 7mm
ng knh ngoi bung bc:
Dn = Dt + 2S = 800 + 2.7 = 814 mm
Tnh bn cho cc l:
ng knh l cho php khng cn tng cng (cng thc 8-2, trang 162, [7]):
3
dmax = 0,37. Dt . ( SC a ) .(1k ) ; mm
Trong :
Dt = 800 mm ng knh trong ca bung bc
S = 7 mm b dy ca bung t
k h s bn ca l
Pn . D t

0,1654.800

k = ( 2,3. [ ] P n ) . ( SC a ) = ( 2,3. 89,3950,1654 ) .(71) = 0,1073

3

dmax = 0,37. 800.(71) .(10,1073) = 6,01mm

So snh:
ng nhp liu dt = 20 mm > d max
Ca sa cha dt = 500 mm > d max
Knh quan st dt = 200 mm > d max
Cn tng cng cho ng nhp liu, ca sa cha v knh quan st, dng bc tng
cng
vi b dy khu
3. Tnh cho y bung bc
a. S lc v cu to
Trang 25

Chn y nn tiu chun Dt = 800 mm.

y nn c phn g cao 40 mm v gc y l 2 = 600.
Tra bng XIII.21, trang 394, [2]:
Chiu cao ca y nn (khng k phn g) l H = 725 mm
Th tch ca y nn l V = 0,161 m3
- y nn c khoan 1 l tho liu.
- Vt liu ch to l thp khng g OX18H10T.
b. tnh ton
B dy thc S:
Chiu cao ca ct cht lng trong thit b:
H = Hc + Hgc + H = 245 + 40 + (40 + 725) = 1050 mm = 1,05 m
Trong
Hc chiu cao ca cht lng trong phn hnh nn ct; m, ( da vo bng
XIII.22 trang 396 C s Thit K ch to my Tp 6)
Hgc chiu cao ca cht lng trong phn g ni vi bung t; m
H chiu cao ca cht lng trong y nn; m
p sut thu tnh do ct cht lng gy ra trong thit b:
ptt = dd .g.H = 1378,123.9,81. 0,869.10-6 = 0,0117 N/mm2
y c p sut tuyt i bn trong l p0 = 0,3139 at nn chu p sut ngoi l
Pn = 1,6861 at = 0,1654 N/mm2 . Ngoi ra, y cn chu p sut thu tnh do ct
cht lng gy ra trong thit b. Nh vy, p sut tnh ton l:
Pn = pm + ptt = 0,1654 + 0,0117 = 0,1771 N/mm 2
Cc thng s lm vic:
Dt = 800 mm
p0 = 0,3139 at = 0,0308 N/mm2
tm = tsdd (po + 2p) = 98,6360C
Cc thng s tnh ton:
l chiu cao tnh ton ca y; m
l = H = 725 mm
D ng knh tnh ton ca y; m (cng thc 6-29, trang 133, [7])
D =

0,9 Dt + 0,1. d t
cos

0,9.800+ 0,1.20
cos 30

= 833,694mm (cng thc 6-29, trang

133,[7])
Trong
dt = 20mm l ng knh l tho sn phm
Pn = 0,1654 N/mm2
Trang 26

ttt= 98,636+ 20 = 118,6360 C (y c bc lp cch nhit)

Cc thng s cn tra v chn:
[]* = 120 N/mm2 - ng sut cho php tiu chun ca vt liu tt (hnh 1-2,
trang 16, [7])
= 0,95 h s hiu chnh (y c bc lp cch nhit)
[] = .[]* = 0,95.125 = 118,75 N/mm 2 - ng sut cho php ca vt liu
Et = 2,01.105 N/mm2 module n hi ca vt liu t t (bng 2-12, trang 34,
[7])
nc = 1,65 h s an ton khi chy (bng 1-6, trang 14, [7])
tc = nc .[]* = 1,65.125 = 206,25 N/mm 2 gii hn chy ca vt liu tt
(cng thc 1-3, trang 13, [7])
Chn b dy tnh ton y S = 7 mm, bng vi b dy thc ca bung bc.
Kim tra b dy y:
'

725

l
D'

= 833,694 = 0,87

Kim tra cng thc 5-15, trang 99, [7]:

1,5.

2.( SC a)

1,5.

D'

l'
D'

2.(71)
833,694

D'
2.( SC a)

0,869

833,694
2.(71)

0,18 0,869 8,335 (tha)

Kim tra cng thc 5-16, trang 99, [7]:
Xt:

l'
D'

0,87
0,869

0,3.

2,01.10 5
206,25 .

0,3.

E
c

2. ( SC a )
(
)
Dt

2. ( 71 )
(
)
833,694

0,505 ( tha)

Kim tra n nh ca y khi chu tc dng ca p sut ngoi:

So snh Pn vi p sut tnh ton cho php trong thit b [P n] theo 5-19, trang 99,
[7]:
t

[Pn] = 0,649. E .

D
l'

'

SC a
. ( D' ) .

Trang 27

SCa
D

'

Pn

 0.649.

2
833,694
71
(
)
. 833,694 .
725

2,01.105 .

71
833,694

N/mm2 0,1654

N/mm2
0,659 N/mm2 0,1654 N/mm2 (tho)
Kim tra n nh ca y khi chu tc dng ca lc nn chiu trc:
Lc tnh ton P nn y:

2
P = 4 . D n . Pn = 4 .814

.0,1654 = 86074,438 N

Trong :
Dn ng knh ngoi; mm
Pn p sut tc dng ln y thit b; N/mm2
Lc nn chiu trc cho php:
[P] = .Kc.Et .(S - Ca )2.cos2
Trong :
Kc h s ph thuc vo t s
103, [7].

Dt
2.(SC a)

25

Dt
2.(SC a)
800
2.(71)

, tnh theo cc cng thc trang

= 66,67 250

qc = 0,066 ( tra bng trang 103, [7])

t

206,25

kc = 875. E t .qc = 875. 2,01.10 5 .0,066 = 0,0593

2
5
2
[P] = . 0,0593. 2,01.10 . (71) . cos 300 = 1011030,804 N > 47156,27 N

(tha)
iu kin n nh ca y:
P
[P ]

Pn
[P n ]

86074,438
1011030,804

1
0,1654
0,5

= 0,416 1 (tha)

Vy b dy ca y nn l 7 mm.

Tnh bn cho cc l
V y ch c l tho liu nn ng knh ln nht ca l cho php khng cn
tng cng c tnh theo cng thc (8-3), trang 162, [7]:
Trang 28

dmax = 2.[(

SC a

- 0,8)

S'
71

dmax = 2[( 5,4834

D ( SC )
'

- Ca ]

- 0,8) 833,694.(71) -1] = 39,617 mm

Trong :
S b dy y thit b; mm
S b dy tnh ton ti thiu ca y; mm (chn theo cch tnh ca bung
bc)
Ca h s b sung do n mn; mm
D ng knh tnh ton ca y; mm
So snh:
ng tho liu dt = 20 mm < dmax
Khng cn tng cng cho l.
4. Tnh cho np bung bc
a. S lc v cu to
Chn np bung bc l ellipse theo iu kin p sut trong hay ngoi ln hn
7.104 N/m2 trang 381, [2].
Ta c Dt = 800mm
Ht =

Dt
4

800
4

= 200mm v Rt = Dt = 800mm

Np c g v chiu cao g l hg = 25mm

Np c l thot hi th
Vt liu ch to l thp khng g OX18H10T.
b. Tnh ton
B dy thc S:
Np c p sut tuyt i bn trong ging nh bung bc l P0 = 0,3139at
nn chu p sut ngoi l Pn = 1,6861 at = 0,1654 N/mm2
Nhit tnh ton ca np ging nh bung bc l t tt = 69,7 + 20 = 89,70C
(np c bc lp cch nhit).
Chn b dy tnh ton np S = 7 mm, bng vi b dy thc ca bung bc.
Kim tra b dy np:
Xt cc t s:
ht
Dt
Rt
S

= 0,25
=

0,15. Et
x . tc

800
7

= 114,2857

0,15.2,01.105
0,7. 206,25

= 208,8312

Trang 29

Rt
S

[Pn] =

0,15. E
t
x . c

2. [ n ] . ( SC a )
. Rt

v 0,2

ht
Dt

0,3

(cng thc 6-12, trang 127, [7] )

Trong
Et = 2,01.105 N/mm2 module n hi ca vt liu ttt (bng 2-12, trang 34,
[7])
tc = nc .[]* = 1,65. 125= 206,25 N/mm2
gii hn chy ca vt liu t t (cng thc 1-3, trang 13, [7])
Vi:
[]* = 125 N/mm2 - ng sut cho php tiu chun ca vt liu t t (hnh 1-2,
trang 16, [7])
nc = 1,65 h s an ton khi chy (bng 1-6, trang 14, [7]) 16, [7])
x = 0,7 vi thp khng g
E t . ( SC a ) +5 x . Rt . tc

= E t . ( SC ) .6,7 x . R . ( 1x ) . t
a
t
c
=

2,01.105 . ( 71 ) +5.0,7 .800 . 206,25

2,01.10 5 . ( 71 ) 6,7.800 . ( 10,7 ) .206,25

= 2,0398

[ n = 89,395 N/mm2 - ng sut nn cho php ca vt liu lm np

[Pn] =

2. 89,395 .(71)
2,0398. 800

= 0,6574 N/mm2 > 0,1654 N/mm2 (tha)

Vy b dy ca np ellipse l 7 mm.

Tnh bn cho cc l:
V np ch c l tho liu nn ng knh ln nht ca l cho php khng
cn tng cng c tnh theo cng thc (8-3), trang 162, [7]:
dmax = 2.[(

SC a
'

71

dmax = 2.[( 5,4834

- 0,8) Dt ( SCa ) - C a ]

0,8) 800.(71) 1] = 38,767mm

Trong :
Trang 30

S b dy y thit b; mm
S b dy tnh ton ti thiu ca y; mm (chn theo cch tnh ca bung
bc)
Ca h s b sung do n mn; mm
Dt ng knh trong ca np; mm
So snh:
ng dn hi th dt = 150mm > dmax
Cn tng cng cho l ca ng dn hi th, dng bc tng cng vi b dy
khu tng cng bng b dy np (7 mm).
5. Tnh cho np bung t
a. S lc v cu to
Chn np bung t l ellipse theo iu kin p sut trong hay ngoi ln hn
7.104 N/m2 trang 381, [2].
Ta c Dt = 400mm
Ht =

Dt
4

400
4

= 100mm v Rt = Dt = 400mm

Np c g v chiu cao g l hg = 25mm

Np c l gn ng tun hon a dung dch vo bung bc
Vt liu ch to l thp khng g OX18H10T.
c. Tnh ton
B dy thc S:
Hi t l hi nc bo ho c p sut 4 at nn bung t chu p sut trong l:
pm = pD pa = 4 1 = 3 at = 0,2943 N/mm2
p sut tnh ton l:
Pt = pm + gH = 0,2943 + 1273,25.9,81.10-6 .1,5 = 0,313 N/mm2
Np c p sut tuyt i bn trong ging nh bung t l P0 = 4 at nn chu
p sut trong l pm = pD pa = 4 1 = 3 at = 0,2943 N/mm2
Nhit tnh ton ca np ging nh bung bc l
ttt = tD + 20 = 142,9 + 20 = 162,90C (np c bc lp cch nhit).
Chn b dy tnh ton np S = 4 mm, bng vi b dy thc ca bung t.
Kim tra b dy np:
Xt cc t s:
ht
Dt

100

= 400 = 0,25 0,2 (tha)

SC a
Dt

0,125
Trang 31

41
400

= 0,0075 0,125 (tho)

[P] =

2. [ ] . h .(SC a )
R t +(SC a)

[P] =

2.109,25 .0,95 .(41)

400+(41)

cng thc (6 -11) trang 126, [7]

= 1,545 > 0,2943 N/mm2 (tha)

Vy b dy ca np ellipse l 4 mm.
B dy ti thiu
Khi

[ ] .
Pt

109,25. 0,95
0,313

P. Rt

= 331,66 > 25 (tha)

0,313. 400

S = 2. [ ] . = 2. 109,25. 0,95 = 0,603 mm

Tnh bn cho cc l:
V np ch c l gn ng tun hon nn ng knh ln nht ca l cho php
khng cn tng cng c tnh theo cng thc (8-3), trang 162, [7]:
dmax = 2.[(

SC a
S'

- 0,8) Dt ( SCa ) - C a ]

41

dmax = 2.[( 0,603 0,8) 400.(41) 1] = 287,26 mm

Trong :
S b dy y thit b; mm
S b dy tnh ton ti thiu ca y; mm (chn theo cch tnh ca bung
t)
Ca h s b sung do n mn; mm
Dt ng knh trong ca np; mm

So snh:
ng tun hon dt = 159mm < dmax
khng Cn tng cng
6. Tnh cho y bung t
Chn y ellipse tng t nh np bung t
Trang 32

7. Tnh mt bch
a. Bch ni bung bc v np
Bung bc v np c ni vi nhau theo ng knh bung bc Dt = 800 mm.
- p sut tnh ton ca bung bc v np cng l 0,1654 N/mm2
Chn d phng p sut trong thn l Py = 0,3 N/mm2 bch kn thn.
- Cc thng s ca bch c tra t bng XIII.27, trang 420, [2]:

Py

Dt

N/mm2
0,3

mm
800

930

NP BUNG BC
Kch thc ni
Db
D1
D0
Bu lng
db
Z
mm
mm
ci
880
850
811 M20
24

Kiu bch
1
H
m
mm
mm
22
5

b. Bch ni bung bc vi y
Chn nh bch ni bung bc v np
c. Bch ni bung t vi np
Bung t v np c ni vi nhau theo ng knh bung t Dt = 400 mm.
p sut tnh ton ca bung t v np cng l 0,2943 N/mm2
Chn d phng p sut trong thn l Py = 0,3 N/mm2 bch kn thn.
Cc thng s ca bch c tra t bng XIII.27, trang 417, [2]:

Py

Dt

N/mm2
0,3

mm
400

515

NP BUNG T
Kch thc ni
Db
D1
D0
Bu lng
db
Z
mm
mm
Ci
475
450
411 M16
20

Kiu bch
1
H
m
mm
mm
20
5

8. Tnh v ng
a. S lc v cu to
Chn v ng loi phng trn, lp cng vi thn thit b. V ng phi gi cht cc
ng truyn nhit v bn di tc dng ca ng sut.
- Dng ca v ng c gi nguyn trc v sau khi nong.
- Vt liu ch to l thp khng g OX18H10T.
- Nhit tnh ton ca v ng l tt = tD = 142,90 c

ng sut un cho php tiu chun ca vt liu tt l [ ]u = 118 N/mm2 (hnh

1-2, trang 16, [7]). Chn h s hiu chnh = 1.
ng sut un cho php ca vt liu tt l:
Trang 33

[ ]u

= . [ ]u = 1. 118 = 118 N/mm2

b. tnh ton
Tnh cho v ng trn bung t:
'
Chiu dy tnh ton ti thiu pha ngoi ca v ng h1 c xc nh theo
cng thc (8-47), trang 181, [7]:
h'1

= D t .K.

P0
[ u ]

= 400. 0,3.

0,4511
118

= 7,42mm

Trong :
K = 0,3 h s c chn (trang 181, [7])
Dt ng knh trong ca bung t; mm
P0 p sut tnh ton trong ng; N/mm 2:
P0 = P +PCK = 4 + (1 0,3)= 4,7at = 0,4511 N/mm2
[]u ng sut un cho php ca vt liu ttt ; N/mm2
'
Chn h1 = 10 mm

Chiu dy tnh ton ti thiu pha gia ca v ng h c xc nh theo cng

thc (8-48), trang 181, [7]:
h = D t .K.

P0
[ ]u . 0

Trong :
K = 0,45 h s c chn (trang 181, [7])
0 h s lm yu v ng do khoan l
0 =

S v S ng
S v

D2nn . d 2
D2n

<1

vi:
Dn ng knh v ng; mm
d ng knh ca cc l c b tr trn ng knh v; mm
n s ng
0 =

400261. 252
4002

h = 400. 0,45.

= 0,762 < 1
0,4511
118. 0,762

= 12,749mm
Trang 34

chn h = 20mm
Kim tra bn v ng:
ng sut un ca v c xc nh theo cng thc (8-53), trang 183, [7]:
P0

' 2

= 3,6. 10,7. d n .( h )

Trong :
dn = 29mm ng knh ngoi ca ng truyn nhit
3
3
L = 2 t = 2 . 0,04 = 0,03m = 35mm c xc nh theo hnh 814, trang 182, [7] vi cc ng c b tr theo nh ca tam gic u.
t = 1,2 1,5dn = 0,0406 m bc ng
chn bc ng t = 40mm
u =

0,4511
2
29 20
3,6. 10,7.
.( )
35 35

= 0,914N/mm2 118 N/mm2

Vy v ng trn bung t dy 20 mm.

Tnh cho v ng di bung t:
'
Chiu dy tnh ton ti thiu pha ngoi ca v ng h1 c xc nh theo

cng thc (8-47), trang 181, [7]:

'

h1

P0
= Dt. K. [ u]

= 400.0,3.

0,471
118

= 7,581 mm

Trong :
K = 0,3 h s c chn (trang 181, [7])
Dt ng knh trong ca bung t; mm
po p sut tnh ton trong ng; N/mm 2
po = pm + ddmax.g.H = 0,4511 + 1375,95. 9,81.1,5.10-6 = 0,471 N/mm2
ddmax = dd (40%, 98,6360C) = 1375,95 kg/m3 (chn d phng)
[]u ng sut un cho php ca vt liu ttt ; N/mm2
Trang 35

'
Chn h1 = 10 mm

Chiu dy tnh ton ti thiu pha gia ca v ng h c xc nh theo cng

thc (8-48), trang 181, [7]:
h = Dt.K.

P0
[ ]u . 0

Trong :
K = 0,45 h s c chn (trang 181, [7])

h = 400.0,45.

0,471
118. 0,762

= 13,028mm

Chn h = 20 mm
Kim tra bn v ng:
ng sut un ca v c xc nh theo cng thc (8-53), trang 183, [7]:
P0

3,6. 10,7.

' 2

dn h
.( )
L
L

0,471
29 20 2
3,6.(10,7. )( )
35 35

= 0,954N/mm2 118

N/mm2
Vy v ng di bung t dy 20 mm.

9. Khi lng v tai treo bung bc

a. khi lng thp lm bung bc
Bung bc c lm bng thp khng g OX18H10T.
Th tch thp lm bung bc:
m thp = V thp . thp
khi lng ring thp khng g
th tch thp bung t

thp

= 7900 kg/m3

2
2
2
2
Vbb = 4 .( D nbb - D tbb ).Hbb = 4 . ( 0,814 - 0,8 ).2,5 = 0,0444m3

Trong :
Dnbb ng knh ngoi ca bung t; m
Dtbb ng knh trong ca bung t; m
Hbb chiu cao ca bung t; m
Khi lng thp lm bung t:
mb = Vb . b = 7900. 0,0444= 350,76 kg
Trang 36

b. y nn
y nn c lm bng thp khng g OX18H10T.
y nn tiu chun c gc y 600, c g cao 40 mm.
Dt = 800 mm
S = 7 mm
Tra bng XIII.21, trang 394, [2]:
Khi lng thp lm y nn:
m = 1,01.11,8 = 11,918 kg
c. Np ellipse
Np ellipse c lm bng thp khng g OX18H10T.
Np ellipse tiu chun c:
Dt = 800 mm
S = 7 mm
hg = 25 mm
Tra bng XIII.11, trang 384, [2]
Khi lng thp lm np ellipse:
mn = 1,01.42,5 = 42,925 kg
d. ng tun hon
ng c lm bng thp khng g OX18H10T.
Th tch thp lm ng:
Vng =

(D2nth D 2tth )
.H =
4

(0,169 0,159 )
.1 = 0,00258 m3
4

Trong :
Dnth ng knh ngoi ca ng tun hon trung tm; m
Dtth ng knh trong ca ng tun hon trung tm; m
H chiu cao ng tun hon ngoi; m
Khi lng thp lm ng
m ng = thp .Vng = 7900.0,00258 = 20,35 kg
e. Mt bch
C 2 mt bch, gm 1 mt ni np v bung bc, 1 mt ni y v bung bc
Th tch thp lm mt bch ni np v bung bc:
Vmb

=2 .

( D 2D 2t Z d 2b)
h
4

(0,9320,8224. 0,022)
.0,02 = 0,0068
2

m3
Trong :
D, Z, d b , h l nhng thng s ca mt bch ni np v bung bc.
Dt ng knh trong ca bung bc; m
Th tch thp lm mt bch ni y v bung bc tng t nh Th tch thp
lm mt bch ni np v bung bc
Khi lng thp lm mt bch
mbch = mb .2Vbch = 7850.2. 0,0068 = 106,76kg
Trang 37

f. Bu lng v ren
Bu lng v ren c lm bng thp CT3.
Dng cho bch ni np v bung bc:
[ D2 . H +d 2b . ( h' + h'' +h '' ' ) ]

V1 = Z.
4
Trong :
D = 1,7.db = 1,7.20 = 34 mm ng knh bu lng
H = 0,8.db = 0,8.20 = 16 mm chiu cao phn bu lng khng cha li
h = 0,8.db = 0,8.20 = 16 mm chiu cao ai c
h = h + 2 = 20 + 2 = 22 mm chiu cao phn li bu lng
h = 9 mm kch thc phn ren trng

[ 0,0342 .0,016 +0,022 . ( 0,016+ 0,022+ 0,009 ) ]

V1 = 24. .

= 0,000703m3

Dng cho bch ni y v bung bc tng t Dng cho bch ni np v

bung bc
g. ai c
ai c c lm bng thp CT3.
Dng cho bch ni np v bung bc:
V2 = Z.

(d 2nd 2t )
.H
4

Trong :
H = 0,8.db = 0,8.20 = 16 mm chiu cao ai c
dt = 1,4.db = 1,4.20 = 28 mm ng knh trong ca ai c
dn = 1,15.dt = 1,15.28 = 32,2 mm ng knh ngoi ca ai c
V2 = 24 .

(0,032220,028 2)
.0,016 = 0,000076m3
4

Dng cho bch ni y v bung bc tng t Dng cho bch ni np v

bung bc
Tng th tch thp lm bu lng, ren v ai c
V = 2V1 + 2V2 = 2. 0,000703 + 2. 0,000076 = 0,00156 m3
mbu lng + mai c = 7850. 0,00156 = 12,23 kg
mthitb = mb +m +mn + mbch + m ng th + mbu lng + mai c = 350,76 + 11,918 +
42,925 + 106,76 + 20,35 + 12,23 = 544,943 kg
h. th tch dung dch trong thit b
th tch dung dch trong bung bc
Vdd = Vphn tr + Vy
th tch dung dch trong phn tr bung bc
Vdd =

D2tr (bb)
4

h=

0,8 2
3
4 . 0,8= 0,402 m
Trang 38

Chn h = 0,8m chiu cao dung dch trong phn tr bung bc

V th tch dung dch trong y nn; m3
V = 0,161 m3
Vdd = 0,402 + 0,161 = 0,563 m3
Mdd = dd . Vdd = 1378,123. 0,563 = 775,883 kg

Tng ti trng ca thit b:

M = mtb + mdd = 544,943 + 775,883 = 1320,862 kg
Chn 4 tai treo thng ng, c lm bng thp CT3.
Trng lng trn mi tai treo:
G=

g. M
4

9,81.1320,862
4

= 3239,414 N

0,33.104 N

Cc thng s ca tai treo c chn t bng XIII.36, trang 438, [2]:

G.10-4
N
0,5

G.104
m2
72,5

q.10 -6
N/m2
0,69

B1

100

75

85

H
S
mm
155 6

40

15

18

mt
kg
1,23

Trong :
G ti trng cho php trn mt tai treo; N
F b mt ; N
q ti trng cho php trn b mt ; N/m 2
mt khi lng 1 tai treo; kg
10.Khi lng v tai treo bung t
a. Khi lng thp lm bung t
m thp = V thp . thp
khi lng ring thp khng g
th tch thp bung t

thp

= 7900 kg/m3

2
2
2
2
VB = 4 .( Dngb - Dtrb ).Hb = 4 . ( 0,408 - 0,4 ).1,5 = 0,00762m3

Trong :
Dnb ng knh ngoi ca bung t; m
Dtb ng knh trong ca bung t; m
Hb chiu cao ca bung t; m
Khi lng thp lm bung t:
m thp = V thp . thp = 7900. 0,00762= 60,198 kg
b. Np ellipse
Np ellipse c lm bng thp khng g OX18H10T.
Np ellipse tiu chun c:
Dt = 400 mm
Trang 39

S = 7 mm
hg = 25 mm
Tra bng XIII.11, trang 384, [2]
Khi lng thp lm np ellipse:
mn = 1,01.2. 6,6 = 13,332 kg ( np v y ging nhau)
c. ng truyn nhit
th tch thp lm ng
Vng =

. n .(d 2nd2t )
.H=
4

. 61.(0,29 0,25 )
. 1,5 = 1,55 m3
4

Trong :
dn ng knh ngoi ca ng truyn nhit; m
dt ng knh trong ca ng truyn nhit; m
H chiu cao ca ng truyn nhit; m
Khi lng thp lm ng:
m ng = .V ng = 7900. 1,55 = 12245 kg
d. v ng
c lm bng thp khng g OX18H10T.
Th tch thp lm v ng:
( D 2t n . d 2n )
.S
4

V v = 2 .

Trong :
Dt = 600 mm ng knh trong ca bung t
dn = 29 mm ng knh ngoi ca ng truyn nhit
S = 20 mm chiu dy tnh ton ti thiu pha gia ca v ng
V v =

0,4261. 0,0292
. 20 = 1,707 m3
4

Khi lng thp lm v ng:

m v = .V v = 7900.2.1,707 = 26970,6 kg (2 v)
e. Mt bch
C 2 mt bch, gm 1 mt ni np v bung t, 1 mt ni y v bung t
Th tch thp lm mt bch ni np v bung t:
VB

= 2 .

(D2D2t Z . d2b )
. H = 2 .
4

0,515 0,4 20. 0,016

4

3,145 m3
Trong :
D, Z, db , h l nhng thng s ca mt bch ni np v bung t.
Dt ng knh trong ca bung t; m
Khi lng thp lm mt bch
mbch = .2V bch = 7850. 2. 3,145 = 49376,5 kg ( 2 bch ging nhau)
f. Bu lng v ren
Bu lng v ren c lm bng thp CT3.
Trang 40

. 20 =

V1 = Z.

[ D2 . H +d 2b . ( h' + h'' +h '' ' ) ]

4

Trong :
D = 1,7.db = 1,7.16 = 27,2 mm ng knh bu lng
H = 0,8.db = 0,8.16 = 12,8 mm chiu cao phn bu lng khng cha li
h = 0,8.db = 0,8.16 = 12,8 mm chiu cao ai c
h = h + 2 = 20 + 2 = 22 mm chiu cao phn li bu lng
h = 9 mm kch thc phn ren trng
2

V 1= 20. .

0,0272 .0,0128+0,016 (0,0128+ 0,022+ 0,009)

4

= 0,000325 m3

g. ai c
ai c c lm bng thp CT3.
Dng cho bch ni np v bung t
2

V2 = Z.

(d nd t )
.H
4

Trong :
H = 0,8.db = 0,8. 16 = 12,8 mm chiu cao ai c
dt = 1,4.db = 1,4. 16 = 22,4 mm ng knh trong ca ai c
dn = 1,15.dt = 1,15.24 = 27,6 mm ng knh ngoi ca ai c
V2 = 20. .

0,0276 0,0224
4

. 0,0128 = 0,0000523 m3

Tng th tch thp lm bu lng, ren v ai c

V = 2V1 + 2V2 = 2. 0,000325 + 2. 0,0000523 = 0,000755 m3
Khi lng thp lm bu lng, ren v ai c
m bu lng + m ai c = .V = 7850. 0,000755 = 5,9236 kg
mtb = m bung t + m np + m ng TN + m v ng + m bch + m bu lng + m ai c = 60,198
+ 13,332 + 12245 + 26970,6 + 5,9236 = 39295,1 kg
h. Th tch dung dch trong thit b
Vdd = V ngTN + 2V + Vng TH
Th tch dung dch trong ng truyn nhit
V ngTN =

n. d 2t
.
.l=
4

61. 0,0252
. 1,5 = 0,0449 m3
4

Trong
Dt: ng knh trong ca ng truyn nhit
L: chiu di ng truyn nhit
Th tch dung dch trong np v y ellip
V = 2. 0,0115 = 0,023 m3
Vdd = 0,0449 + 0,023 = 0,0679 m3
Mdd = dd .Vdd = 1378,123. 0,0679 = 93,57 kg
Trang 41

Tng ti trng ca thit b:

M = mtb + mdd = 39295,1 + 93,57 = 39388,6 kg
Chn 4 tai treo thng ng, c lm bng thp CT3.
Trng lng trn mi tai treo:
G=

g. M
4

9,81.39388,6
4

= 96600,6 N 0,97. 104 N

Cc thng s ca tai treo c chn t bng XIII.36, trang 438, [2]:

G.10-4
N
1

G.104
m2
89,5

q.10 -6
N/m2
1,12

110

85

B1

H
mm
90 170

S
8

45 15 23

mt
kg
2

Trong :
G ti trng cho php trn mt tai treo; N
F b mt ; N
q ti trng cho php trn b mt ; N/m 2
mt khi lng 1 tai treo; kg

I.

CHNG III. THIT K THIT B PH

THIT B NGNG T
1. Chn thit b ngng t
Lng kh b sung sinh ra trong thit b c c bao gm:
Hi nc (ch yu)
Dung mi d bay hi
Kh khng ngng
- Kh b sung cn c gii phng to chn khng. Thit b ngng t
c kt hp vi bm chn khng h thng chn khng hot ng hiu
qu nht.
- Thit b ngng t lm ngng t hu ht hi nc, gii phng mt lng hi
nc ln cho bm chn khng, do gim tiu hao nng lng c hc v
trnh hng hc cho bm (ch ht kh khng ngng).
- Chn thit b ngng t trc tip loi kh, ngc chiu, chn cao (baromet).
Trong , nc lm lnh v nc ngng t chy xung cn kh khng ngng
c bm chn khng ht ra t phn trn ca thit b qua b phn tch lng.
- Chiu cao ca ng baromet c chn sao cho tng ca p sut trong thit
b v ct p thu tnh bng vi p sut kh quyn.
Trang 42

- Chn thit b ngng t trc tip loi kh, ngc chiu, chn cao (baromet).
Trong , nc lm lnh v nc ngng t chy xung cn kh khng ngng
c bm chn khng ht ra t phn trn ca thit b qua b phn tch lng.
- Chiu cao ca ng baromet c chn sao cho tng ca p sut trong thit
b v ct p thu tnh bng vi p sut kh quyn.
2. tnh thit b ngng t
Theo bng VII.1, trang 97, [2]: nhit khng kh trung bnh TPHCM l
t = 27,2 o C,
m tng i l = 77 %. Theo gin h x ca khng kh m, h = 72,5
kJ/kg khng kh m.
- Nhit bu t c chn l t = 230C.
Nhit u ca nc lnh c chn l t2d = 23 + 3 = 260C.
- Vi pc = 0,6 at v tc = 85,5 o C:
Nhit cui ca nc lnh c chn l t2c = tc 10 = 85,5 10 = 75,50C.
- i vi thit b ngng t trc tip, lng khng kh cn ht c tnh theo
cng thc VI.47, trang 84, [2]:
Gkk = 0,000025.W + 0,000025.Gn + 0,01.W; kg/s
Trong :
Gn lng nc c ti vo thit b ngng t; kg/s, c tnh theo cng
thc VI.51, trang 84, [2]:
Gn

W .( iCn t 2c )
Cn .(t 2 c t 2 d )

Vi:
W = 450 kg/h lng hi th i vo thit b ngng t
i = 2333,732 kJ/kg nhit lng ring ca hi nc (bng I.251, trang 314,
[1])
cn = 4180 J/(kg.K) nhit dung ring trung bnh ca nc
Gn =

450
3
.(2333,732. 10 4180.75,5)
3600
4180.(75,526)

= 1,219215 kg/s

450

450

Gkk = 0,000025. 3600 + 0,000025. 1,219215 + 0,01. 3600 = 0,001284 kg/s

i vi thit b ngng t trc tip loi kh, nhit khng kh c tnh
theo cng thc VI.50, trang 84, [2]:
tkk = t2d + 4 + 0,1.(t2c t2d ) = 26 + 4 + 0,1.(75,5 26) = 34,950C
ph = 0,056 at (tra gin h x ca khng kh m)
- Th tch khng kh cn ht c tnh theo cng thc VI.49, trang 84, [2]:
Vkk =

288. G kk .(273+t kk )
PPh

288 . 0,001284.(273+34,95)
( 0,60,056 ) .9,81. 104

Trang 43

= 0,0021339 m3/s

Kch thc ch yu ca thit b ngng t:

- Thng thng, nng sut tnh ton c chn ln hn 1,5 ln so vi nng
sut thc t. Khi , ng knh trong ca thit b c tnh theo cng thc
VI.52, trang 84, [2]:
Dtr

= 1,383.

W
h . h

Trong :
h = 0,1876 kg/m3 khi lng ring ca hi th 0,3at (tra bng I.251,
trang 314, [2])
h = 20 m/s tc ca hi th trong thit b ngng t (chn)
Dtr

= 1,383.

450
3600
0,1876 . 20

= 0,252433 m

Chn Dtr = 0,5 m = 500 mm.

Kch thc c bn ca thit b ngng t baromet c chn theo
bng VI.8, trang 88, [2]:
Kch thc

K hiu

ng knh trong ca thit b

Chiu dy ca thnh thit b
Khong cch t ngn trn cng n np thit b
Khong cch t ngn di cng n y thit b
B rng ca tm ngn
Khong cch gia tm ca thit b ngng t v thit
b thu hi
Chiu rng ca h thng thit b
ng knh ca thit b thu hi
Chiu cao ca thit b thu hi
ng knh ca thit b thu hi
ng knh cc ca ra v vo:
Hi vo
Nc vo
Hn hp kh v hi ra
Ni vi ng baromet
Hn hp kh v hi vo thit b thu hi
Hn hp kh v hi ra khi thit b thu hi
Ni t thit b thu hi n ng baromet
ng thng kh
Trang 44

Dtr
S
a0
an
b
K1

Gi tr;
mm
500
5
1300
1200
675

K2
T
D1
h1(h)
D2

1300
150
1440
-

d1
d2
d3
d4
d5
d6
d7
d8

300
100
80
125
80
50
50
-

Kch thc tm ngn:

Tm ngn c dng hnh vin phn bo m lm vic tt. Chiu rng ca tm
ngn c xc nh theo cng thc VI.53, trang 85, [2]:
Dtr
2

b=

+ 50 =

500
2

+ 50 = 300 (mm)

C nhiu l nh c c trn tm ngn, nc lm ngui l nc sch nn ng

knh l
c chn l d = 2 mm.
- Lu lng th tch ca nc lnh dng ngng t hi th:
Nhit trung bnh ca nc:
Ttb =

t 2 d +t 2 c
2

26 +75,5
2

= 50,750c

n = = 987,725 kg/m 3 (bng I.249, trang 310, [1])

Chn chiu cao g tm ngn l h = 40 mm, chiu dy tm ngn l = 4 mm, tc
ca tia nc l c = 0,62 m/s.
Tng din tch b mt ca cc l trong ton b mt ct ngang ca thit b ngng
t, ngha l trn mt cp tm ngn l
Gn

F = c

, cng thc VI.54 trang 85 ti liu [2]

1,219215

F = 0,62.987,725 . 106 = 1990,914 mm2

S l ng n
4f

n = d 21 =

4.1990,914
.4

= 634 (l)

Chn chiu dy tm ngn 4mm

Cc l xp theo hnh lc gic u
Bc l t = 0,866.
fc
f tb

d1

f c 0,5
(
. f tb )

mm

t s gia tng din tch tit din l vi din tch tit din thit b ngng t

Trang 45

fc
f tb

1990,914
2
500
.
4

= 0,01

Vy bc l
0,5
t = 0,866.2. 0,01
= 0,1732 mm
Chiu cao thit b ngng t
Mc un nng (cng thc VI.56 trang 85 ti liu [2])
t 2 c t 2 d

75,526

P = t bht2 d

= 85,526 = 0,832

Tra bng VI.7, trang 86, [2] vi d = 2 mm

S ngn n = 8
S bc n = 4
Khong cch gia cc ngn h = 400 mm
Thi gian ri qua mt bc = 0,41 s
Trong thc t, khi hi i trong thit b ngng t t di ln th th tch ca n
gim dn.
Do , khong cch hp l nht gia cc ngn cng nn gim dn theo hng
t di ln khong 50 mm cho mi ngn.
Chn khong cch gia cc ngn l 400 mm.
Khong cch t ngn trn cng n np thit b l 1300 mm.
Khong cch t ngn di cng n y thit b l 1200 mm.
Chiu cao phn g ca np l 50 mm.
Chiu cao phn np ellipse l 125 mm.
Chiu cao phn y nn l 175 mm.
Chiu cao thit b ngng t
H = 125 + 50 + 1300 + 400.7 + 1200 + 175 = 5650 mm
Kch thc ng baromet
Chn ng knh trong ca ng baromet l d = 100 mm = 0,1 m.
Tc ca nc lnh v nc ngng t chy trong ng baromet c tnh
theo cng thc VI.57, trang 86, [2]:
D=

0,004.(Gn +W )
.

0,004.(1,219215+
. 0,12

450
)
3600

0,004.(G n+ W )
. d2

= 0,1712 m/s

Chiu cao ng baromet c tnh theo cng thc II-15, trang 102, [4]:
H = h1 + h2 + h3 + h4; m
Chiu cao ct nc trong ng baromet cn bng vi hiu s gia p sut
kh quyn v p sut trong thit b ngng t h 1 c tnh theo cng thc
VI.59, trang 86, [2]:
Trang 46

h1

= 10,33. 760 ; m

Trong :
b chn khng trong thit b ngng t; mmHg
b = 0,7.735 = 514,5 mmHg
514,5

H1 = 10,33. 760

=7m

Chiu cao ct nc trong ng baromet cn khc phc ton b tr lc khi

nc chy trong ng h2 c tnh theo cng thc VI.60, trang 87, [2]
h2 =

H
2
(1
+

d
2g

); m

Chn h s tr lc khi vo ng 1 = 0,5 v khi ra khi ng 2 = 1 = 1,5

h2 =

H
2
(2,5
+

d ); m
2g

Nc lnh v nc ngng t c:
ttb = 50,75 o C
n = 987,725 kg/m 3
n = 0,000543 Ns/m
Re =

. d . n
n

0,5.0,1. 987,725
0,000543

= 91001,01 4000 (ch chy ri)

Chn ng thp CT3 l ng hn trong iu kin n mn t (bng II.15, trang

381, [1])
nhm tuyt i l = 0,2 mm.
Re gh c tnh theo cng thc II.60, trang 378, [1]:
8

gh

d 7
= 6. ( )

0,1 7
= 6. ( 0,0002 )

= 7289,343

Ren c tnh theo cng thc II.62, trang 379, [1]:

d 98
(
Ren = 220. )

0,1 98
(
= 220. 0,0002 )

= 239201,5

gh < Re < Ren (khu vc qu )

H s ma st c tnh theo cng thc II.64, trang 380 [1]

= 0,1.(1,46 d

100
0,0002
)0,25 = 0,1.(1,46.
0,1

= 0,0252
Trang 47

100

+ 91001,01 )0,25

h2 =

0,1712 2
H'
2.9,81 .(2,5 + 0,0252. 0,1 ) = 0,00373 + 0,000376.H; m

Chn chiu cao d tr h3 = 0,5 m ngn nga nc dng ln trong ng v

chy trn vo ng ng dn hi khi p sut kh quyn tng
Chn chiu cao ca on ng baromet ngp trong b nc l h4 = 0,5 m.
H = 7 + 0,00373 + 0,000376.H + 0,5 + 0,5
H = 8,0067
Chn chiu cao H = 8m
Chiu cao ca c thit b l H = H + H = 5,65 + 8 = 13,65 m.
II.

Bm
1. Bm chn khng
Cng sut ca bm chn khng:
N=

V kk
m
.
.p1.[
m1
ck

p
( 2)
p1

m1
m

1]; W

Trong :
m ch s a bin, c gi tr t 1,2 n 1,62. Chn m = 1,62.
p1 p sut ca khng kh trong thit b ngng t.
p1 = pc ph = 0,3 0,056 = 0,244 at
Vi:
ph p sut ca hi nc trong hn hp
p2 = p a = 1 at = 9,81.10 4 N/m 2 p sut kh quyn
V kk lu lng th tch khng kh cn ht
ck = 0,8 h s hiu chnh
N=

0,0021339
1,62
.
0,8
1,621 .0,244.9,81.104.[

1 1,621
) 1,62 1
0,244

119,408W
Tc ht 00C v 760 mmHg l S = 0,0021339.60 = 0,12803 m3/pht

Theo bng 1.4, trang 9, [10], ta chn bm c k hiu l BH-025-2 vi cc

thng s:
Cc thng s
S cp
Tc bm trong vng p sut 760 1 mmHg; L/s
Lng du; L
Cng sut ng c; kW
Kch thc tng th di x rng x cao; mm
Khi lng; kg
Trang 48

Bm BH-025-2
2
0,25
0,86
0,18
330 x 243,5 x 229
16,5

2. Bm a nc vo thit b ngng t
Cng sut ca bm
N=

Q. .g. H
1000.

; KW

Trong :
H ct p ca bm; m
hiu sut ca bm. Chn = 0,75.
= 996,66 kg/m3 khi lng ring ca nc 260C
Q lu lng th tch ca nc lnh c ti vo thit b ngng t
m3 /s
Q=

Gn

1,219215
996,66

= 0,00122 m3/s

p dng phng trnh Bernoulli vi 2 mt ct l 1 - 1 (mt thong ca b

nc) v 2 2 (mt thong ca thit b ngng t):
Z1 +

p1

1 . v 1
2g

+ H = z2 +

p2

2 . v 2
2g

+ h12

Trong :
v1 = v2 = 0 m/s
p1 = 1 at
p2 = 0,3 at
= 0,000874 Ns/m 2 nht ng lc ca nc 26 o C (bng I.249,
trang 310, [1])
z1 = 2 m khong cch t mt thong ca b nc n mt t
z2 = 12 m khong cch t mt thong ca thit b ngng t n mt t
chn d ht = d y = 100mm = 0,1m 0,1m v1 = v2 = v
Chn chiu di ng ng t b nc n thit b ngng t l l = 13 m.
Tc ca dng chy trong ng:
V=

Q
d2
.
4

0,00122
0,12
.
4

Chun s Reynolds:
Re =

v .d .

= 0,155335 m/s

0,155335.0,1.996,66
0,000874

chy ri)
Trang 49

= 17713,523 4000 (ch

Chn ng thp CT3 l ng hn trong iu kin n mn t (bng II.15, trang

381, [1]) nhm tuyt i l = 0,2 mm
Regh c tnh theo cng thc II.60, trang 378, [1]
d 87
(
Regh = 6. )

= 6.

0,1 87
)
0,0002

= 7289,343

Ren c tnh theo cng thc II.62, trang 379, [1]:

9

d 8
Ren = 220. ( )

0,1 8
= 220. ( 0,0002 )

= 239201,5

Regh < Re < Ren ( khu vc qu )

H s ma st c tnh theo cng thc II.64, trang 380, [1]:

= 0,1.(1,46. d +

100
0,0002
0,25
)
=
0,1.(1,46.

0,1

100

+ 17713,523 )0,25 =

0,0304
Cc h s tr lc cc b:
Yu t gy tr lc

K hiu

u vo
u ra
Khy 900
Van ca

vo
ra
khuu 90
van

H s tr lc
cc b
0,5
1
1
1,5

S lng
1
1
2
2

= 0,5 + 1 + 2.1 + 2.1,5 = 6,5

Tng tn tht trn ng ng
H1-2 =

l
v2
.(
.
d
2g

+ ) =

13
0,1553352
.(
0,0304.
0,1
2.9,81

+ 6,5) = 0,0129

Ct p ca bm:
H = (z2 z1) +

p2 p 1

+ h1-2 = ( 12 2 ) +

0,0129 = 2,989
N=

0,00122.996,66.9,81 .2,989
1000.0,75

Chn N = 0,25 hp.

Trang 50

= 0,0475 kW

( 0,31 ) .9,81. 104

996,66.9,81

Chn bm ly tm 1 cp nm ngang bm cht lng trung tnh, sch hoc

hi bn. K hiu bm l K.
3. Bm nhp liu
Cng sut bm
N=

Q. .g. H
1000.

; KW

Trong Q: lu lng nhp liu (m3/s)

Q=

600

= 3600. 1068,917 = 0,000156 m3/s

H: ct p ca bm (m)
p dng phng trnh Bernoulli vi 2 mt ct l 1 - 1 (mt thong ca b
cha nguyn liu) v 2 2 (ming ng nhp liu):
Z1 +

p1

1 . v 1
2g

p2

+ H = z2 +

2 . v 2
2g

+ h12

Trong :
v1 ,v2 : vn tc dung dch ti 2 mt ct (m/s)
v1 = 0
v2 = v : vn tc dung dch i trong ng (m/s)
p1, p2 : p sut ti 2 mt ct . p1 = p2 = 1 at
h12 : tng tn tht trong ng (m)
Ta c H1-2 =

l
v2
.(
.
d
2g

+ )

: tng h s tn tht cc b
= v + 2* khuc quanh 90 + 2 van + ra = 0,5 + 2*1,19 +2*0,5 + 1 = 4,88
l, d : chiu di, ng knh ng ni bm (m)
chn ng knh d = d ht = d y = dnl = 50 (mm)
vn tc chy trong ng
4Q

v = . d2 =

4. 0,000156
. 0,052

Chun s Reynolds:
Re =

v .d .

= 0,079 (m/s)

0,079.0,05 . 1068,917
3
0,71. 10

= 5946,79 4000 (ch chy

ri)
Chn ng thp CT3 l ng hn trong iu kin n mn t (bng II.15, trang
381, [1]) nhm tuyt i l = 0,2 mm
Regh c tnh theo cng thc II.60, trang 378, [1]
d 87
Regh = 6. ( )

= 6.

50 87
(
)
0,2

= 3301,07

Ren c tnh theo cng thc II.62, trang 379, [1]:

Trang 51

d 98
(
Ren = 220. )

50 98
(
= 220. 0,2 )

= 109674,4

Regh < Re < Ren ( khu vc qu )

H s ma st c tnh theo cng thc II.64, trang 380, [1]:

= 0,1.(1,46. d +

100
0,2
0,25
)
=
0,1.(1,46.

50

100

+ 5946,79 )0,25 =

0,0388
chiu di ng ng t b l ca nhp liu l = 8m
Tng tn tht p sut
h1-2 =

l
v2
.(
.
d
2g

chn

H = (z2 z1) +

+ ) =

0,0792
2. 9,81 . (0,0388.

8
0,05

=1 ct p ca bm

p2 p 1

v
2g

+ h 1-2 = ( 6,5 2 ) +

4,605 m
Cng sut bm
N=

+ 4,88 ) = 0,105 m

0,000156. 1068,917. 9,81.4,605

1000.0,75

= 0,01 kW

Chn bm theo bng 1.7 trang 35 ti liu [4]

Hiu bm: X20/18
Lu lng Q = 5,5. 10-3 m3/s
S vng n = 48,3 v/ph
ng c in: loi A02-31-2
Cng sut N = 3 kw

Trang 52

0,079
2. 9,81

+ 0,105 =

KT LUN
Cc phn tnh ton nu trn cho thy:
H thng c c chn khng 1 ni gin on dung dch NaOH vi nng sut
nhp liu 600Kg kh n gin. V nng sut ny khng cao nn kch thc ca ca
cc thit b u mc va phi.
Chi ph u t khng cao, trong thit b chnh chim khong 33 % tng chi ph.
Kt cu thit b n gin v c th c iu khin t ng.
V vy, nhn chung h thng ny ph hp vi quy m phng th nghim v quy
m pilot.

Trang 53

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Nhiu tc gi, S tay Qu trnh v Thit b Cng ngh Ho cht, tp 1, NXB
Khoa hc v K thut, 2006.
[2] Nhiu tc gi, S tay Qu trnh v Thit b Cng ngh Ho cht, tp 2, NXB
Khoa hc v K thut, 2006.
[3] Phm Vn Bn, Qu trnh v Thit b Cng ngh Ho hc & Thc phm, tp 10,
V d v bi tp, NXB HQG TPHCM, 2010.
[4]

Nguyn Vn May, Thit b truyn nhit v chuyn khi, NXB Khoa hc v K thut,
2006.
[5] Phm Vn Bn, Nguyn nh Th, Qu trnh v thit b Cng ngh Ho hc &
Thc phm, tp 5, Qu trnh v thit b truyn nhit, Quyn 1: Truyn nhit n
nh, NXB HQG TPHCM, 2006.
[6] Phan Vn Thm, S tay thit k Thit b ho cht v ch bin thc phm a dng,
B Gio dc v o to, Vin o to M rng.
[7] H L Vin, Tnh ton, thit k cc chi tit thit b ho cht v du kh, NXB
Khoa hc v K thut, 2006.

[8]

B mn My v Thit b, Bng tra cu Qu trnh c hc Truyn nhit Truyn

khi,NXB HQG TPHCM, 2009.
[9] Phm Xun Ton, Cc qu trnh, thit b trong Cng ngh Ho cht v Thc
phm, tp 3: Cc qu trnh v thit b truyn nhit, NXB Khoa hc v K thut,
2008.
[10]L Nguyn ng, ng dng chn khng trong cng nghip, NXB Khoa hc v
K thut, 1987.

Trang 54