PART : Mechanical and Marine Engineering

Joule-Brayton / Rankine

. , . .

, , .
18539

.
Joule-Brayton / Rankine (
) ,

,
.

,
.
,
, .
,
/ ,
,
, .
- : Joule-Brayton, Rankine,

T
[1].

Diesel, 100 tons gross
96% [2].
( )
( )
1,
Lloyds 1999 2010 [3].
,
: Slow Speed Diesel (SSD), Medium Speed Diesel (MSD) High
Speed Diesel (HSD),
(Steam Turbine) (Gas Turbine).

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NAUSIVIOS CHORA, VOL. 5, 2014

,

(Passenger) (Ro Ro Cargo). ,
Diesel .
1. (
2010) [3]

Diesel ,
(
)
(Residual Diesel Oil) (Heavy Fuel Oil),
.

, ,
,

(
) ,
(NOx).
(International Maritime
Organization) (MARPOL
73/78),
(gross tonnage) 400 1 [4].
( 1/1/2011)
Tier II
(Emission Control Areas) NOx
Tier III.
(sulfur content), 2012
3,5% m/m,
(Sulfur Emission Control Areas) 1% m/m,
2 [5]. 2020 () 2015
SECA 0,50% 0,1%m/m
.

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PART : Mechanical and Marine Engineering

1. (NOx)

( SECA )
(Residual Diesel Oil)
.

( ) ,
(aftertreatment methods)
.
2. , [5]

,

,
.
,
,
,
.

,
,

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NAUSIVIOS CHORA, VOL. 5, 2014

Joule-Brayton / Rankine,

,
.

(Tier III) ,

,
(.. , , ...)
.

( ) QHR,
( )
( ) WL,
[6], 2.

2. (
)[6]

Joule-Brayton
,

( ), .
,
. 1 [6]:
W
nCP =
= nH + nL nH nL
(9)
QB
nH nL Joule-Brayton
Rankine , nCP .

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PART : Mechanical and Marine Engineering

nH=40%
(Rankine) nL=30%,
nCP=40%+30%-40%*30%=58%. ,
,
Joule-Brayton / Rankine
.
, ,
,
,

, 3 [7].
55

50

Efficiency (%)

45

40

35

30

Diesel
GT Simple
GT_Comp_Fixed
GT Combined (Variable)

25
50

60

70

80

90

100

Engine Load (%)

3.
Diesel, (GT Simple),
(GT_Comp_Fixed)
(GT Combined Variable) [7]

( 12%),
1520%.

.
(
),
.

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NAUSIVIOS CHORA, VOL. 5, 2014

.
, .
:
COGAG:

Combined Gas turbine And Gas

).

turbine

plant

COGOG: Combined Gas turbine Or Gas turbine plant (

).
CODAG: Combined Diesel And Gas turbine plant ( Diesel
).
CODOG: Combined Diesel Or Gas turbine plant ( Diesel
).
COSAC: Combined Steam And Gas turbine plant (
).
COGS: Combined Gas turbine and Steam plant (
).
COGES: Combine Gas turbine Electric and Steam (

).
CONAG: Combined Nuclear And Gas turbine plant (
).
, ,
[7,8] ,
.
,
, .
,
( ). ,
.
, ,

.
, Or ()
( )
, . And ()
,
. COSAG ,
. , CONAG
, .
COGAS (
Joule-Brayton Rankine),

(55-60%).
, ,
. 4

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PART : Mechanical and Marine Engineering

-,
,
.
, .
(

),
.

4. [9]

/ (COGAS)
(COGES)

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NAUSIVIOS CHORA, VOL. 5, 2014

.
, /
/ / / / ( 5)

5. Joule-Brayton / Rankine COGAS ()

COGES () [6]

98-99% [10].

.

,
.
,
,
.



.
,
,

,
.
( ,
) .
[8], 91%
.
,

, COGAS COGES
6.

.
, ,
.

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PART : Mechanical and Marine Engineering

.

,
,
,
( ).

,
,
[10].

6. Joule-Brayton/Rankine. COGAS
COGES [10]

.
Diesel.

(Rankine).

, 3
[7],

Diesel .
: CYCLON, GTX100, GT10B, LM2500 GT35
12.9 MW 43 W.

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NAUSIVIOS CHORA, VOL. 5, 2014

3. (Rankine bottom cycle)

, [7].
No.of
Units

Total
Power
kW

CYCLON
GTX100
GT10B
LM2500
GT35

12900
43000
24400
22400
17000

Gas Turbine
39.7
4
51600
122.0
1
43000
80.4
2
48800
68.0
1
44800
92.3
3
51000

9K98MC
9RTA96C

48762
46332

Diesel Engine
134.25
1
48762
104.50
1
46332

t4 or nGT or beGT or
texhaust
nD
beD
C

nCC

g/kWh

570
546
538
528
378

0.340
0.370
0.347
0.365
0.320

248.0
227.9
243.0
230.9
263.5

232.8
271.0

0.482
0.506

174.9
166.8

Combined Cycle

Type of Gas
NGT or mGT or
mGT
Turbine or Diesel ND
Engine
kW
kg/s

beCC texhaust
g/kWh

Gas Turbine
0.5067 166.4 139
0.5208 161.9 139
0.5051 166.9 135
0.5123 164.6 135
0.4311 195.6 131
Diesel Engine
0.5089 165.7 131
0.5398 156.2 131

3,
,
Diesel
. Diesel, (9K98MC
9RTA96C) 4648 MW.
32%37%,
Diesel 48%50%, . 35%50% .

Diesel, [7]
Rankine ,
7.

7. Rankine Diesel
[7]

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PART : Mechanical and Marine Engineering

3.

(370570 C
) .
, Diesel , 3
Rankine,

.
,
43%52%,
Diesel
Diesel (50%54%).

34%49%, Diesel 5,5%6,6%. ,
,
, Diesel 1,31,4
(
). ,
, Joule-Brayton /
Rankine ,
Diesel
.

,
Diesel
.
.
,
Diesel.
, ,
,
.
( Rankine)
.
,

, Diesel.
COGES
Diesel-electric,
, Millennium [12].
COGES
, 50 .
, COGES
500 KW.
COGES, 1000 tons,
1,6%.
1150 KW.

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NAUSIVIOS CHORA, VOL. 5, 2014

, .
, Koehler [13]
Diesel, Ahlpvist [14]
Diesel . Diesel
,
, 1% Diesel [13].
,

.
Diesel, (COGES)
Domachowski Dzida [15] 12%
.
MDO (Marine Diesel Oil),
. Koehler [13]
,
.
[11].
modular
.

Diesel , ,
.
,
.

(reversible transmission gears)
[15].

.
(
),
Diesel.
. , Diesel
[13].
0% 3040%
,
.
0,51 h. ,
,
.

[16].
.
.

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PART : Mechanical and Marine Engineering

,
[16].

. Diesel
(
). ,
.

.
( Diesel)
. , 1h
.

(),

. Kehlofer [17]

,
30min
.
90s [16].
COGES Millenium 3min
(synchronous idle),
, [11].
10min
.

,
Diesel

Rankine.
,
(COGAS)
(COGES). COGAS

COGES.
COGES ,

. ,

.
,
,

Diesel. ,

.

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NAUSIVIOS CHORA, VOL. 5, 2014

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

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Consulting report ETC.EF.10 DD, May 2010
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Ship Emissions: Assignment, Abatement and Market-based Instruments, Task 1 - Preliminary
Assignment of Ship Emissions to European Countries , Final Report, August 2005
IMO. MARPOL, Consolidated Edition 2006, MARPOL Annex VI: Regulations for the prevention of air
pollution from ships. London: International Maritime Organization, 2006.
Horlock j. H., Eng. F. R. and F.S.R (2003). Advance Gas Turbine Cycles. ELSEVIER SCIENCE Ltd,
British, ISBN: 0-08-044273-0.
Dzida M., Olszewski W., Comparing combined gas turbine/steam turbine and marine low speed
piston engine/steam turbine systems in naval applications. Polish Maritime Research 4(71) 2011 Vol.
18
Haglind Fredrik. A review on the use of gas and steam turbine combine cycle as prime movers for
large ships. Part I: Background and design. Energy Conversion and Management 49 (2008), 34583467.
. . . . . 2009.
Shipping World and Shipbuilder. Gas turbine system integration. Shipping World and Shipbuilder
2002, 203:21-23.
Sannemann BN. Pioneering gas turbine-electric system in cruise ships: a performance update.
Marine Technology 2004, 41:161-6.
Tinsley D. Seminal gas turbine application arrives in Millennium cruise class COGES plant. Marine
Propulsion Int 2000: 14-5.
Koehler H. Diesel engines and gas turbines for cruise vessels. Ship World Shipbuild 2001;205:14-7.
Ahlqvist I. Inreasing availability through introduction of redundancy. In: Papers and programme:
electric propulsion, the effective solution. The institute of Marine Engineers; 5-6 October 1995.
Domachowski Z. Dzida M. An analysis of characteristics of ship gas turbine propulsion system 9in
the light of the requirements for ship operation in the Baltic Sea). Pol Marit Res 2004: 73-78 [special
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Kehlhofer RH. Warner J. Nielsen H, Bachmann R. Combined-cycle gas and steam turbine power
plants: 2nd ed. Tulsa, Oklahoma: PennWell; 1999.

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