History W354, “History of the South” 26 Apsil 2016 Lecture # 25: The Civil Rights Era Outline Civil rights * Proper meaning * Rhetorical extension, historical contraction Roots of civil rights activism Legal attack on Jim Crow + Smith v, Allwright (1944) + Sweatt and MeLawrin (1950) ‘* Brown v. Board of Education (1954) * Counterattack Massive resistance ‘+ White Citizens’ Council movement (1954) + White dissenters * Boycott * Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 1953 © Montgomery, Alabama, 1955 * Women’s Political Council boycott plans * Rosa Parks, veveran NAACP activist + E,D. Nixon * Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters organizer * NAACP (Montgomery head 1939-1951; state conference head, 1951-1953) * Cucumber pickers’ organization (1930s) ‘* Montgomery Voters League (1940) * Montgomery Improvement Association; Martin Luther King, Jr. chosen as head * Bus company crippled; segregstion declared unconstitutional (1956) ‘+ Formation of Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), 1957 - Ella Baker © The Sit-In Movement - North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College, Greensboro, North Carolina (Feb. 1960) + Freedom Rides (May 1961) ‘+ Formation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), 1960 - Ella Baker * Jackson, Miss. boycott, 1962-3 - Murder of Medgar Evers Sunday School Bombing, Birmingham, Ala., Sept. 1963 © Voter Registration Movement -Freedom Summer (1964) Givil Rights Act (1964); Voting Rights Act (1965)