நகர்வு - இதழ் 06 ( (ஒக்டோபர் - டிசம்பர் 2009) )

Nagarvu
efu;T
xU khw;wk; Nehf;fp fhyhz;L rQ;rpif
\t;thy; -Jy;`[;
gpujk Mrpupau; xf;Nlhgu; - brk;gu; 2009 efu;T - 06
m\;n\a;f; vk;.V.vk;. kd;]{u;
(Naleemi) B.A (Hons)
nghUslf;fk;
01. Mrpupau; fUj;J ......................................................... 02
epu;thf Mrpupau;
m\;n\a;f; vk;.,]l;.vk;.wprhl; 02. my;Fu;Md; vd;w mwpT mw;Gjk;
(Naleemi) jdp vOj;J gpuNahf El;gk; ...................................... 03
mg+ g`;up
ntspaPl;L Mnyhridf; FO 03. `jP]; njspTiu

gpj;mj; jPikAk; ,yq;if K];ypk; r%fKk; ......... 06
m\;n\a;f; v];.vk;.vk;.k]h`pu; m\;n\a;f; vk;.N[.vk;. mughj; fuPk;
(Naleemi) B.A (Hons), M. phil
Senior Lecturer,
South Eastern University, Oluvil 04. ,yq;if epyKk; ,];yhkpag; gzpAk;
mbg;gilf; Fiw vq;Nf? .......................................... 09
c];jhj; vk;.V.vk; kd;#u; (esPkp)
m\;n\a;f; vk;.Mu;.vk;. esPk;
(Naleemi) B.A, 05. ,];yhkpa thupRupikr; rl;lj;jpy; ngz;Zf;F
Ministry of Social Service miug; ghfk; Vd;? ...................................................... 12
m\;n\a;f; v];.vk;.vk;.k]h`pu; (esPkp)
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m\;n\a;f; vk;.vk;.vk;. mfpah]; 06. Md;kPf tWikAk; mjw;fhd gupfhuKk; ................ 16

(Naleemi) B.A ,g;D mgP ]hyp`;
07. fsj;ij tpl;L gpd;thq;FjYk; kPs tUjYk; ......... 20

c up\hj; e[p%jPd;
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[h`pypa;aj;
jPikfspypUe;J 08. Face Book: Xu; ,];yhkpa mZFKiw ........... 24
efu;tPuhf K. H. m]hk; m`kl;
(`p[;uj; nra;tPuhf) 09. Muk;g fhy K];ypk;fspd; vOr;rpAk;

(]{wh Kj;j];]pu;: 05)
c vkJ rkfhy epiyAk; ............................................ 27
myp ,];]j; gpNfhgpr;
10. cq;fs; Foe;ijfs; ehisa jiytu;fs; ............ 31

tpiy tpguk;: vk;.Mu;.vk;. esPk;
jdpg; gpujp: &gh 50.00 11. gj;thf;fs; gf;fk; ......................................................... 33
tUl re;jh: 300.00
12. ,t;thWjhd; cku; my;yh`;it re;jpj;jhu; .......... 35
myp m`;kh; ghf]Pu;
MIIR 13. tuyhw;wpy; vkJ ck;kj; ............................................ 40
,];yhkpa Ma;TfSf;fhd mG+ ejh
kp\;fhj; epWtdk;
400/6> tuhf];`pd;d>
mf;Fwid>
,yq;if.
njhiyNgrp ,y.: 081-7910410
Mrpupau; fUj;J
efu;tpd; Gjpa gupzhkk;

rpWtu; gFjp
efu;T rQ;rpif Jtq;fp xd;wiu ,t;tpU jiyg;Gfspy; ,U
tUlq;fshfp tpl;ld. 6tJ ,jo; E}y;fis mtu; ntspapl;Ls;shu;.
,g; N ghJ ntsp tUfpwJ. KjyhtJ> gpur;rpidiaj;
,yq; i ff; f hd Xh; Ma; T jPh;g;gjpy; xU gq;fhw;w Ntz;Lk;
rQ; r pifahfTk; > khw; w j; i j vd;w tifapy;jhd; ,e;j rQ;rpif
Nehf;fpa J}z;Ljy;> topfhl;ly; tUfpwJ.
rQ;rpifahfTk; mJ ,Uf;f
Ntz; L k; vd rQ; r pifia ,uz; l htJ gpur; r pidia
Muk;gpj;jtu;fs; fUjpdhh;fs;. tpsf;Fk; NghJ mg+ ]{iykhd;
rpWgpuhak;> rpWtu;fs; gw;wp
Mdhy; me;j ,U ,yf;F tpsf;Ffpwhu;. mtu;fs;
fisAk; rupahfg; Ngz ,d;Dk; ,];yhkpag; gzpapy; Kf;fpa
rw;W J}uk; rQ;rpif tsu ,lj;ijg; ngwNtz;Lk; vdf;
Ntz;Lk;;; nry;y Ntz;Lk; vdf; fUJfpwhu;.
fUJfpNwhk;.
Ma; T fis Gj; j p[P t pfs; > rpWgpuha tsu;g;G Kiwapy;
gbj;jtu;fs; kl;LNk Gupe;J Vw; g Lk; Mo; kdg; g jpTfs; >
nfhs; t hu; f s; . mtu; f splk; csj; j hf; f q; f s; > RWRWg; G >
mjdhy; khw;wj;ij vjpu;ghu;f;f Nrhk;gy;> jd;dk;gpf;if> Ra
KbAk;. Mdhy; mtu;fs; kl;Lk; ek;gpf;if ,d;ik Nghd;wdNt
khWtjhy; r%f khw;wj;ij vjpu;fhy tho;tpy; ngUk; Mjpf;fk;
vjpu;ghu;f;f KbahJ. rhjhuz nrYj;Jfpd;wd. rpWgpuha
kl;lj;J kf;fSk; khw Ntz;Lk;. tsu;g;gpy; Vw;gl;l FiwfSk;>
mjw;F mtu;fsJ kl;lj;jpy; jtWfSNk K];ypk; ehl;l rf;jp>
epd;W vOJtJ Kf;fpak;. czu;Tfspd; Fog;g epiyahf
r%f kl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ
mLj;j kpf Kf;fpakhd mk;rk;;> vdTk; mtu; tpsf;Ffpwhu;.
,];yhkpa cyfpd; jiy rpwe;j
rpe; j idahsu; f spy; xUtuhd ,e;j rpe;jidg; gpd;dzpapNy
mg;Jy; `kPj; mg+ ]{iykhd; Na rQ;rpifapd; xU gFjpahf
nrhy;Yk; fUj;J. mtu; K];ypk; rpWtu; gFjp xd;iwAk;
r%fg; gpur;rpidia ,uz;lhff; Muk; g pf; f pd; N whk; . mJ
fhz;fpwhh; : ntw;wpfukhfg; Nghf Ntz;Lk;
vdf; fUJfpNwhk;.
xd;W : K];ypk; mwptpd; Fog;g
epiy my;yh`; mUs; Gupal;Lk;.
,uz;lhtJ : K];ypkpd; ehl;l
rf; j p> czu; T fspd; Fog; g
epiy.
efu;T - 06 ,yq;ifapd; ,];yhkpa rpe;jidf;fhd Ma;T rQ;rpif 02
my;Fu;Md; vd;w mwpT mw;Gjk;
jdp vOj;J
gpuNahf El;gk;
- mG+ g`;up -
my; F h; M dpd; ntWk; jdp VwKbatpy;iy - ‘k];jhC’

vOj;Jf;fs; $l Mo;e;j VwKbatpy;iy - ‘gk];jjhC’
EZf; f j; i jf; fhl; l y; kpfTk;
Mr;rupag;glj;jf;f tplak;. nrhw;fis Kjyhkplj;jpy; VWjy;. mq;F
trdj;ij El;gkhfTk;> fUj;Jr; ‘,];jhC’. ,uz;lhkplj;jpy;
nrwpTlDk; ghtpj;jy; rhjhuz
khdJ. my;Fh;Mdpy; mg;;gFjpAk; Jisaply;. mq;F xU ‘j’ itf; $l;b
tpaf;fj;jf;f mikg;igf; ‘,];jjhC’ vdg; ghtpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
nfhz;bUg;gJ cz;ik. Mdhy; xU ‘Kbe;jJ’ vd;gjw;fhd mbg;gilr;
nrhy; y py; tUk; XnuOj; j pd; nrhy; ‘,];jjhC’ vd;gjhFk;.
gpuNahfj;jpYk; El;gk; ,Uf;fpwJ Kjyhkplj;jpy; ,r; nrhy;ypd; ‘j’
vdpd;> mJNt Mr;rupaj;jpw;Fhpa
cz;ikahFk;. ,e;j Mr;rupakpf;f ePf;fg;gl;lJ. ,uz;lhkplj;jpy; ‘j’
El;gj;jpw;F rpy cjhuzq;fis fPNo tplg;gltpy;iy. ,uz;blq;fspYk;
jUfpNwhk;. thrfh; my;Fh;Mdpy; fPo; VwTk; Kbatpy;iy> JisaplTk;
tUk; trdq;fis vLj;Jg; ghu;j;Jf; Kbatpy; i y vd; w fUj; i jf;
nfhz;lhy; tpsq;f ,yFthFk;. nfhLf;f ‘,y;iy’ vd;w nghUs;
nfhz; l ‘kh’ vd; w tpFjp
]{uh my;f`;gpy; Jy;fu;idd; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;epiyapy; ‘j’
,uz;L kiyfis ,izj;Jf; fl;ba xU ,lj; j py; Nru; f ; f g; g lYk;
,Uk;Gr; Rtiug; gw;wp nrhy;Yk; NghJ ,d;Ndhhplj;jpy; ‘j’ ePf;fg;glYk; Vd;
my;Fh;Md:; epfo;e;jJ.
“mtu;fshy; mjd; kPJ VwTk; mtu;fs; me;j ,Uk;Gr; Rth; kPJ
Kbatpy;iy. mjidj; JisaplTk; VWtJk; kpff; fbdk;. mjidj;
Kbatpy;iy” (97) vdf; $WfpwJ. JisapLTJk; kpff; fbdk;. vdpDk;
,J xU trdk;. vdpDk; JisapLtNjhL xg;gpLk; NghJ
‘Kbatpy;iy’ vd;w nrhy;iyg; VwptpLtJ fbdk; FiwT. vdNtjhd;
ghtpf;Fk; ,U ,lq;fspYk; xU JisapLtijg; gw;wpf; $Wk; NghJ
El;gkhd NtWghLs;sJ. ‘j’ ,izj;Jk; VWtJ gw;wpr;
nrhy; i fapy; ‘j’it ePf; f pAk; ]{uh ek;ypd; ,e;j trdj;jpd;
my;yh`; Fwpg;gpl;lhd;. Fwpg;gpl;l Kw;gFjp kWikapy; kPs; vOg;gy;
vOj;Jf; $LtJk;> ,y;yhkyhf;fYk; rk;ge;jkhd thjhl;lj;ijf;
fbdj; j pd; $Ljy; > Fiwit nfhz;Ls;sJ.
czu;j;jg; gpuNahfpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
‘Kbe;jJ’ vd;w fUj;ijf; nfhLf;Fk; “ehKk; vkJ ngw;NwhUk; kz;zha;g;
‘,];jjhc’ vd;w nrhy;ypy; jhd; Nghdjd; gpwFk; ehk; kz;zpypUe;J
,k;khw;wk; epfo;e;jikia kPsTk; ntspNa nfhz;L
mtjhdpf;f. tug;gLNthkh? epr;rakhf ,Jgw;wp
ehKk;> vkJ Kd;NdhUk;
,d;ndhU trdk;: thf;fspf;fg;gl;Nlhk;. ,J Kd;Ndh
“mtu;fs; Fwpj;J ePu; tUe;j upd; ,l;Lf;fl;lg;gl;l fijfNsad;wp
Ntz;lhk;;.mtu;fs; #o;r;rpfs; nra;tJ Ntwpy;iy vd epuhfhpg;ghsu;fs;;
Fwpj;J kdk; rQ;ryg;gl Ntz;lhk;” $Wfpd; w du; . egpNa! eP q ; f s;
(]_uh e`;y; : 127) nrhy;Yq;fs.;; g+kpapy; gpuahzk;
nra;J Fw;wq;fs; Gupe;Njhhpd; KbT
,Nj trdk; ve;j tpj;jpahrKkpd;wp vd; d thapw; W vd; W mtjhdp
mNj nrhw;fNshL ]_wh ek;ypd; 70 Aq;fs;.......” (ek;y; 67-69)
tJ trdkhf te;Js;sJ.Mdhy; xNu
xU tpj;jpahrk;;kpfr;rpwpa NtWghL;; ,jidj; njhlu;e;Nj ehk; ,q;F
]_wh ek;ypd; ‘jFd;’ vd te;Js;s tpsf;f vLj;Jf; nfhz;l trdk;
mNj nrhy; e`;ypd; ‘jF’ vd ‘E}d;’ tUfpwJ.
ePq;fp te;Js;sJ.
]{uh e`;ypd; trdk; ,iwj;J}jh;
xNu nrhy;; xNu trdk;;xNu (]y;) mtu;fSf;F MWjy;
fUj;ijf; nfhLf;Fk; gpuNahfk;.Vd; nrhy; f pwJ. mtu; f s; nra; A k;
,e;j rpwpa NtWghL. nkhop tof;fpy; nfhLikiar; rfpj;Jf; nfhs;SkhW
,q;F ‘jF’ - ‘jFd;’ vd ,U nrhy;fpwJ. me;j ,lj;jpy; ‘E}id’
tifapYk; ghtpf;fyhk;. fUj;J
NtWglkhl;lhJ. ePf;fptpl;L “kd rQ;ryj;jpy; ,Uf;f
Ntz;lhk;”(yh jF vdpd; ,Uf;f
]_uh e`;ypy; tUk; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l Ntz;lhk; vdg; nghUs;) vd;fpwJ.
trdj;jpd; Kw;gFjp fPo;tUkhW
mikfpwJ. ]_uh ek;ypy; kWikia epuhfupj;jy;
“ePq;fs; jz;bj;jhy; ePq;fs; vd;gJNt tplak;. ,q;F
jz;bf;fg;gl;lJ Nghd;Nw jz;bAq; epuhfupg;ghsu;fs; rj;jpaj;ij
fs;.ePq;fs; nghWikahf ,Ue;J epuhfupg;gJ Fwpj;Jk; mjw;F vjpuhf
tpl;lhy; nghWikahsu;fSf;F mJ #o;r;rp nra;tJ Fwpj;Jk; ,iw J}ju;
epr;;rakhf kpfr;rpwe;jJ. nghWikahf ftiyg; g Lfpwhu; f s; > rQ; r yg; g L
,Ug;gPuhf! ePu; nghWikahf ,Uj;jy;> fpwhu;fs;.mg;NghJ my;yh`; MWjy;
my;yh`;tpd; %yNkahFk;...” $Wfpwhd;;. ,q;F ‘yh jFd;’ vd;w
(126>127) ‘,Uf;f Ntz;lhk;’ vd;w mNj
fUj;ijf; nfhLf;Fk; gpuNahfj;jpy;
,jidj; njhlu;e;Nj Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l ‘E}d;’ Nru;e;J tpLfpwJ.
trdk; tUfpwJ.
gpwupd; mjhtJ epuhfupg;ghsu;fsp;d; ]_uh e`;ypy; ,iwj;J}ju; (]y;)
nfhLikf;Fl;gly;> mjw;Fg; gopthq;f mtu;fspd; jdpg;gl;l tplak;. ek;ypy;
Kw;gly; vd;gJ gw;wpNa ,t;trdk; j/thNthL rk;ge;jg;gl;l tplak;.
tpsf;FfpwJ vd;gJ njspT. c`j; jdpg; g l; l Kiwapy; jd; i dj;
Aj;jj;jpd; NghJ `k;]h (uyp) mth;fs; jhf;Ftij tpl rj;jpaj;ij epuhfupj;J
rpj;jputijf;Fl;gl;ljd; gpd;dzpapy; ,tu;fs; nfl;lopfpwhu;fNs vd;w
,t;trdk; ,wq;fpajhfTk; rpy jg;]Ph; ftiyNa ,iwj; J }ju; (]y; )
Mrphpau;fs; Fwpg;gu;. mtu;fSf;F $Ljyhf ,U
f;Fk;.vdNt ftiy mjpfk; vd;gij fpwJ. mjhtJ tUlnkhU Kiw
EZf;fkhf czu;j;j ,q;F ‘E}d;” elf;Fk; epfo;r;rp mJ.
,ize;J nfhz;lJ.
]_uh G];]pyj; kuzpf;Fk; ey;y
]_uh e`;ypy; jdpg;gl;l tplak; kdpju;fsplk; kyf;Ffs; ,wq;FtJ
vd;gjhy; ftiy xg;gPl;L uPjpahf gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ,J xt;nthU
FiwT vd;gij El;gkhf czu;j;j epkplKk; elf;Fk; epfo;r;rp. xU
E}d; ,y;yhky; NghdJ. epkplj; j py; kuzpf; F k; Mapuf;
fzf;fhNdhhpy; ey;y kdpjh;fs;
“ftiyia nfhQ;rKk; itf;fhNj ,Ue;Nj Mtu;.
ePf;fptpL” vdf;fhl;l ]_uh e`;ypy;
‘E}d;’ ePq;fpaJ. mf; fUj;J ]_uh tUlj;jpy; xNu xU Kiw elf;Fk;
ek;ypy; fhl;lg;gly; nghUj;jkpy;iy epfo;r;rp. vdNt ‘jd[;[Y’. xNu xU
vd;gjhy; ‘E}d;’ ,ize;J te;jJ ‘j’. tUlj;jpy; gy Kiw elf;Fk;
vdTk; $wyhk;. epfo;r;rp. mjidf; Fwpg;ghy; czu;j;j
,d;DnkhU cjhuzj;ijAk; fPNo xU ‘j’ itf; $l;b ‘jjd[;[Y’ vd
ghu;g;Nghk;. ]{uh G];]pyj;jpy; ,Nj gpuNahfk;
te;Js;sJ. ]{uh \_muh i~j;jhd;
“me;ehspy; kyhapf;fj;JfSk;> [pg;uP ,wq;FtJ gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.
Yk; jkJ ,ul;rfdpd; mDkjpAld; mjidAk; ,q;F xg;gpl;L Nehf;FNthk;.
midj;J tiff; fl;lisfSlDk; me;j trdk; fPo;tUkhW:
,wq;Ftu;" (]_uh my; fj;u;- 4)
“i~j;jhd;fs; ahu; kPJ ,wq;Fthu;fs;
kyhapf; f j; J fs; ,wq; F tJ vd;gJ gw;wp cq;fSf;F ehd; mwpaj;
rk;ge;jkhf ,d;DnkhU trdk; jul;Lkh? ngUk; ngha;ad;> ghtp
fPo;tUkhW: “my;yh`; vkJ ,ul;rfd; kPJjhd; mtu;fs; ,wq;Ftu;.......”
vdf;$wp Neu;topapy; epd;wtu;fs; kPJ (221-222)
kyf;Ffs;> ePq;fs; gag;gl Ntz;lhk;>
ftiyg;gl Ntz;lhk; cq;fSf;F ,e;j trdq;fspy; ‘,wq;Fthh;fs;’
thf;fspf;fg;gl;l Rtu;f;fk; gw;wpa
ew;nra;jpiag; ngWq;fs; vd te;Js;s ,U ,lq;fspYk;
vdf;$wpathW ,wq;Ftu;” ‘jd[;[Y’ vd xU ‘j’ it ePf;fpNa
(]_uh G];]pyj; - 30) nrhy; gpuNahfpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
(-jjd[;[Y- vd;gJNt KOikahd
,t;tpU trdq;fspYk; gpuNahfk; vd; g ijf; ftdj; j pw;
kyhapf;fj;Jfs; ,wq;FtJ gw;wpf; nfhs;f.)
Fwpf; f g; g l; L s; s J. ,wq; F tijf; ,j;jifa El;gk; kdpjDf;F
Fwpf;fg; ghtpf;fg;gl;l nrhy;Yk; xd;Nw. rhj;jpag; glf; $bajd;W. ,q;F ehk;
vdpDk;> XnuOj;J tpj;jpahrk; kl;LNk rpy cjhuzq;fis kl;LNk je;Njhk;.
mq;F fhzg;gLfpwJ. ntWk; xU vOj;jpd; %yNk fUj;Jr;
nrhy;Yk; gpuNahfq;fs; Fh;Mdpy;
]{uh fj;hpy; ‘jd[;[Y’ vdTk; epiwaf; fhzg;gLtij mtjhdpj;J
kpFe;j tpag;Gf;Fl;gLfpNwhk;.
G];]p yj;jpy; ‘jjd[;[Y’ vdTk;
“,wq;fpdh;” vd;w fUj;ijf; fhl;Lk; (gf;jhj; gy;fiyf;fof nkhopapay;
tifapy; ghtpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Jiwg; Nguhrpupau; ghspy; ]hyp`;
nkhopapy; ,r; n rhw; f Sf; f pilapy; rhkpuhapapd; “gyhfj; my;fyhk;”
NtWghby;iy. vdpDk; Vd; #wh
“my;j/gPh;my;Fh;Mdp” vd;w
G];]pyj;jpy; xU ‘jh’ $bAs;sJ? E}y;fspypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ)
]{uh fj;u; kyhapf;fj;Jfs; iyyJy;
fj;h; ,utpy; ,wq;FtJ gw;wpf; Fwpf;

`jP]; njspTiu
gpj;mj; jPikAk; m\;n\a;f; vk;.N[.vk;.mughj; fuPk; (esPkp)
,yq;if K];ypk; r%fKk;

gpj;mj; ,];yhkpa ~uPmj; fz;bj;j khu;f;fr; rpe;jidfs; guk;giufSf;F
kpf Nkhrkhd jPik. mJ khu;f;fj;jpd; flj;jg;glTk;> mjd; %yk; top
J}a;ikia ghjpf;fr; nra;fpwJ. jtwTk; fhuzkhf mikAk; vd;gjhy;;
,];yhk; gw;wpa gpioahd ,q;F ,iwj; J}ju; (]y;) mth;fs;
tpsf;fq;fSf;F fhuzkhf mjid “cUthf;fpatd;” kWf;fg;gl
mikfpd;wJ. %l ek;gpf;iffs;> Ntz; b atd; > r%f mq; f P f huk;
gpioahd rk;gpujhaq;fspd; ngwf;$lhjtd; vd kpfTk; fLikahf
Njhw;wj;Jf;F toptFf;fpwJ. top rhLtijf; fhzyhk;. vdNt jhd; ,e;j
nfl;l ,af;fq;fs;> nfhs;iffspd; `jP]pd; ,ay;ghd Nghf;fpNy gpj;mj;
cUthf;fj;Jf;F ,lkspf;fpwJ. J}a vd; w nraiy tpl mjid
,];yhkpa vOr;rpf;F ngUk; rthyhf cUthf;fpatid rhLtijf;
mikfpwJ. gpj; m j; Mjpf; f k; fhzyhk;.
ngWkhapd;> J}a ,];yhkpa
rpe;jidapd; ghupa tPo;r;rpf;Fk;> “vkJ ,e;j tplaj;jpy;” vd;w gFjpf;
K];ypk; r%fj;jpd; gpd;dilTf;Fk; $lhf gpj;mj; vg;gFjpapy; Njhd;Wk;
fhuzkhf mike;J tpLfpd;wJ. `jP]; vd; g ij ,iwj; J }ju; tiuaWj;
njspTiuf; $lhf ,jid tpsf;f Js;shu;fs;. my;yh`;jMyh ,iwj;
Kaw;rpf;fpNwd;. J}jUf;$lhf Mf;fpa midj;J
rl; l q; f spYk; g+uz mjpfhuk;
,iwJ}ju; (]y;) mtu;fs; $wpajhf mtDf;F khj;jpuNk cz;L. ,iw
Map~h (uyp) mtu;fs; mwptpf;fpwhu;fs;: mjpfhuj;Jf;F cl;gl;l vg;gFjp apYk;
“ahu; vkJ ,e;j khh;f;fj;jpy; mjpy; ve;j khw;wKk; nra;a KbahJ. ,e;j
,y;yhjij cUthf;FfpwhNuh mtu; `jP]; czu;j;Jk; fUj;ij rupahfg;
kWf;fg;gLthu;” Mjhuk; : Gfhup>K];ypk; Gupe;J nfhs;s ,];yhkpa ~uPmj;jpd;
,U gpujhd gFjpfs; Fwpj;j njspT
]`P`{y; Gfhup> ]`P`; K];ypk; mtrpak;.
Mfpa kpf Mjhug+u;tkhd fpue;jq;fspy;
gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;s ,e;j `jP]; ,];yhkpa ~uPmj;jpd; ,U gpujhd
gpj;mj; jPikf;F fhuzkhf ,Ug;Nghu; gFjpfs;:
Fwpj;J vr;rupf;if nra;fpwJ. gpj;mj; 1.,ghjhj; - tzf;ftopghLfs;
vd;w jPik mjid cUthf;Fgtd>; 2.KMkyhj;- Mjhj; - kdpjnraw;ghLfs;
mjw;F mq;fPfhukspg;gtd;> mjpy;
<LgLgtd; vd;w %d;W rhuhUf;$lhf tzf;ftopghLfisAk;> kdpj nraw;
r%fkag;gLj;jg;gl;l ghupa jPikahf ghLfisAk; nfhz;l xU nfhs;ifNa
khWfpwJ. gpj;mj;jpd; Kjy; fl;lk; ,];yhk;. KO tho;itAk; ,];yhk;
mjid cUthf;Fjy; vd;gjhy;> ,ghjj; j hf fUjpa NghjpYk;
,j;jPik khu;f;fj;jpd; J}a;ikf;F kpfg; ,];yhkpa ~uPmj;jpd; EZf;fkhd
ngUk; mghakhf mike;J gpioahf gFjpfis NtWgLj;jp tpsq;fTk;>
Neubahf ,iw mjpfhuKk;>kdpj tplaq;fis vJTk; $whky; nksdk;
mjpfhuKk; nry;thf; Fr;nrYj;Jk; rhjpj;jhd;. mJ kwjpapdhyy;yhJ
gFjpfis kpfr; r upahf Gupe; J cq;fs; kPJs;s mUspdhyhFk;. vdNt
nfhs; s Tk; ,g; g bahfg; gpupj; J ePq;fs; mtw;iw Muha Ntz;lhk;”
Nehf;fg;gLfpwJ. ( Mjhuk; : jhuFj;dp)
,ghjj; i j cUthf; F k; KO vdNt> vJTNk nrhy;yg;glhJ
mjpfhuKk; my;yh`;Tf;F khj;jpuNk nksdk; rhjpj;j xU gFjpAk; fhzg;
cz;L. KMkyhj;ij Mf;Fgtu;fshf gLfpwJ. mjpNy kdpju;fs; r%f
kdpju;fs; fhzg;gLtu; #oYf;Nfw;g nraw;gl g+uz
tzf; f topghLfshd njhOif> mjpfhuj;ij ~uPmj; toq;fpAs;sJ.
Nehd;G> jpf;u;>]ythj;J Nghd;w ,g;gFjpia ,];yhkpa mwpQu;fs;
,ghjj;Jf;fspy; khw;wq;fs; nra;Ak; KMkyhj;- Mjhj; vd tpsf;Ftu;.
KO mjpfhuKk; mtw;iw ,khk; ,g;D ijkpa;ah(u`;) ,f;
cUthf;fpatDf;F khj;jpuNk cz;L. fUj;ij gpd;tUkhW njspT
,e;j mjpfhuj;jpy; jiyapLNthUf;F
`jP]; gad;gLj;Jk; nrhw;gpuNahfk; gLj;Jfpwhu;. “mbahh;fspd; nrhy;>
“K`;jp];” - gpj;mj;ij cUthf;Fgtd; nray; rhu;e;j nraw;ghLfs; ,uz;L
- vd;gjhFk;. ,J ,iw mjpfhuj;jpy; tifg;;gLk;. ,ghjj;Jf;fs;> md;whl
ifitj;j kpfg;ngupa Fw;wkhFk;. nraw;ghLfs;. ~uPmj; rl;lq;fis
kNdh ,r;irfSf;Nfw;g khw;wKwhj Mo;e;J fw;why; ,ghjj;Jf;fis
tzf;ftopghLfs; fhy> ,l> #oy; cUthf;Fgtd; my;yh`; vd;gij
tpj;jpahq;fSf;F mg;ghw; gl;ljhFk;. vk;khy; Ghpe;J nfhs;s KbAk;. cyfpy;
kdpju;fs; md;whlk; Nkw;nfhs;Sk;
gof;f tof;fq;fs;>kdpj nraw; g hLfisg; nghWj; j tiuapy;
epfo;r;rpfis cUthf;FNthu; mtw;wpy; my;yh`;jMyh
kdpju;fs;. fhy> ,l tpj;jpahrq;fSf; tpyf;fpaitfs; khj;jpuk; $lhjit
Nfw;g Gjpa fyhr;rhu xOq;Ffs;> fy;tp Vidait kdpj eyd; fUjp
Kiwfs; vd;gd Njhd;w KbAk;. ,it MFkhf;fg;gl;Ls;sd”
,];yhkpa ~uPmj; Jf;F Kuzpy;yhj
NghJ mtw;iw ,];yhk; mDkjpf;Fk;. ,e;j tifapy; ,ghjj;> KMkyhj;
kdpjdpd; md;whl nraw;ghLfspy; vd;w ,U gphpTfSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd
,];yhk; Neubahfj; jiyapLtij mbg; g il NtWghl; i l Gupe; J
tpLj;J mbg;gil xOf;fg; nfhs;tjd; %yk; gpj;mj; khu;f;fj;jpy;
ngWkhdq;fs;> ,yf;Ffs;> vg;gFjpapy; Njhd;w KbAk; vd;gij
newpg;gLj;jy;fs; vd;w tifapy; ehk; tpsq;fpf; nfhz;Nlhk;.
jiyapLfpwJ. kdpju;fshy;
Mf;fg;gl;l nraw;ghLfis J}a;ikg; ~uPmj;jpy; ,y;yhj xd;iw ,ghjj;
gLj;jp> newpg;gLj;jp> kdpj eyd;fis Nghy; epidj;J ed;ik ehbr;
fUj;jpw; nfhz;L topfhl;LfpwJ. nra;tjid gpj;mj; vd tiu
khu;f;fj;jpd; ,g;gFjp kpfTk; tprhy tpyf; f zg; g Lj; J tu; . ~uP m j; j py;
khdJ. gpj;mj;Jf;fs; ,q;F Njhd;w ,y;yhjij cUthf;fp mjw;F khu;f;f
KbahJ. me;j];J toq;fp>ed;ik ehlg;gl;L
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; xU jPik gpj;mj;
,iwj; J}ju;(]y;) mtu;fs; jhFk;. gpj;mj; cUthFk; Kiwiag;
$wpdhu;fs;: nghWj;J mJ ,U tifahfg; gphpj;J
“epr; r akhf my; y h`; j Myh Nehf;fg;gLk;.
gu;Sfis Mf;fpAs;shd;. mtw;iw
ePq;fs; tPzbj;J tplhjPh;fs;. rpy (1) gpj;M `fPfpa;ah :-
tiuaiufis Vw; g Lj; j pAs; s hd; . khh;f;fj;jpy; ve;j mbg;gilAkpy;yhJ
mj;JkPwp tplhjPu;fs;. rpy tplaq;fis cUthf;fg;gl;lit. cjhuzkhf:
ùhkhf;fpAs;shd;. mtw;iw ePq;fs; ,we;jtuplk; gpuhh;j;jpj;jy>; ~PMf;fspd;
nra;J tplhjPu;fs;. ,d;Dk; rpy ,khkpa;aj; Nfhl;ghL
(2) gpj;M ,ohgpa;ah nraw;ghLfSk; fhuzkhfpd.
khu;f;fj;jpy; mbg;gil ,Ug;gpDk; fhyg;Nghf;fpy; J}a;ikapoe;j juPf;
Kiw khwp Nkw;nfhs;git. fhf;fs; ~PM> mj;itjk;> me;epa
fyhr;rhuq;fspd; ghjpg;Gf;Fl;gl;L mtw;
cjhuzkhf: wpd; gpj;mj;Jf;fis cs;thq;fp KO
mjhDf;F Kd; ]ythj;Jr; nrhy;yy; ikahd gpj; m j; ,af; f q; f spd;
njhOiffSf;Fg; gpd;duhd $l;L JM rpe;jidfis gpur;rhuk; nra;Ak; epiy
gpj;mj;JfSf;F kj;jpapNy Vw;wj; ,d;iwa ]{gpj;Jt juPf;fhf;fspy;
jho;Tfs; ,Ug;gpDk; mit cUthFk; Njhd; w pAs; s d. ~P M f; f splKs; s
xOq;if mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L m`; Y y; i gj; gw; w pa gpioahd
,uz;lhf tifg;gLj;jp tpsf;fpa fUj;Jf;fis gpur;rhuk; nra;Ak;
NghjpYk; midj; J k; gpj; m j; mikg;ghf juPf;fhf;fs; khwpAs;sd.
vd;gijAk;> gpj;mj;Jf;fs; midj;Jk; gpj;M ,ohgpa;ah- Kiwkhwp
kWf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd;gijANk Nkw;nfhs;Sk; gpj;mj; nraw;ghL
,e;j `jP]; tpsf;FfpwJ vd;gijg; K];ypk; r%fj;jpy; kpfTk; gutyhf
Gupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
,yq;if K];ypk; r%fKk; gpj;mj;Jk; gpj;mj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;
,yq;;ifapy; J}a ,];yhkpa rpe;j nlOe;j gpj;mj; ,af;fq;fSk; gpj;mj;
idf;F kj;jpapy; gpj;mj; ngUk; jpypUe;J Vida K];ypk;fspd; nraw;
jPikahf ,U tifapy; gutpaJ. ghLfSk; ,yq;if K];ypk; r%fj;jpy;
(1) gpj;mj;jpd; mbj;jsj;jpy; vOe;J gpj;mj; xU ngUk; jPikahf gutf;
epw;Fk; nfhs;iffs; fhuzpfshf mike;jd.
(2) gpj;mj; fye;j nraw;ghLfs;
,yq;ifapy; fhjpahdpa;ah> ~PM> tpsf;fj;Jf;fhf vLj;Jf; nfhz;l
mj; i tjk; Nghd; w KOikahf `jP]; gpj;mj;Jf;fhd ve;j tpjkhd
gpj;mj;jpd; mbj;jsj;jpy; vOe;J rpwpa mbj;jsKk; ,lg;glf; $lhJ
epw; F k; nfhs; i ffs; K]; y pk; vd;gjw;fhf mjid cUthf;fpatid
r%fj;jpDs; Njhd;wpd. ,j;jifa fLikahfr; rhLfpd;wJ. ,iwj; J}ju;
gpj;mj; ,af;fq;fs; ftdkhf mtw;wpd; $Wk; gpd;tUk; `jP]; cUthf;fg;gl;l
nfhs;iffis ,yq;if K];ypk; gpj;mj;ij njhlh;e;Jk; nra;gtid
r%fj;jpNy gug;gp tUfpd;wd. fz;bf;fpwJ.
mtw;wpd; gz> nry;thf;F> Nghypf; “ahu; vkJ khu;f;fj;jpy; ,y;yhj xd;iw
ftu; r ; r pf; F g; gpd; d hy; khu; f ; f nra;J tUfpwhNuh mtu;
mbg;gilfs; gw;wpa ve;jj; kWf;fg;gll;Lk;”. (Mjhuk; : K];ypk;)
njspTkpy;yhj my;yJ njsptpUe;Jk;
J}a;ikaw;w vj;jidNah K];ypk;fs; gpj;mj;ij cUthf;FgtDk;
my;Yz;L nry;fpd;wdu;. ,tw;iw mjid nra;J tUgtDk;
Rd;dj; ty;[khmj; ,af;fq;fshf rKjhaj;jpy; kWf;fg;glNtz;bNahh;
ghu;f;Fk; ghku K];ypk;fSk; cs;sdu;. vd ,iwj;J}ju; $WtjpypUe;J
mz;ikf; fhykhf mur khu;f;fj;jpd; J}a tbtj;ijf; fhg;gjd;
mq; f P f huj; i jAk; ngw; W J}a mtrpaj;ijAk; gpj;mj; khu;f;fj;jpd;
,]; y hkpa rpe; j id vOr; r pf; F fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; kpfg; nghpa jPik
jilahf khwp tUfpd;wd. vd;gjidAk; Ghpe;J nfhs;s KbAk;.
K];ypk; r%fj;Jf;Fs;shy; CLWtp
tUk; ,g;ghupa jPikia ,dq;fz;L
mjd; mghaj;jpypUe;J K];ypk;
r%fj;ij fhf;Fk; gzpia kpff;
ftdkhf Kd;ndLf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ.
,e;ehl;by; gpj;mj;jpd; gutYf;F
]{gpj;Jt juPf;fhf;fspd;
,yq;if epyKk; ,];yhkpag; gzpAk;
ve;j epyj;jpy; ,];yhj;ij ,e; j r%fg; gpd; d zpapy;
epiyg;gLj;jTk;> K];ypk;fis KO Mypk;>nksytp r%f me;j];j;J
,];yhkpa kag;gLj;jTk; mw;wtuhfNt fhzg;gl;lhu;. `h[pahh;
ciof;fpNwhNkh me; epyj;jpd; my;yJ xU gzf;fhudpy; jq;fp
ngsjPf fyhr;rhu> r%f> murpay; tho; g tuhfTk; mtu; ,Ue; j hu; .
epiyfisAk>; kdpj> kNdh gs;spapy; flikahw;Wk; mtUf;F Xu;
epiyfisAk; ed;F Gupe;J nfhs;sy; vspa rk;gsj;NjhL ‘Ch; tUkhdk;’
kpfTk; mbg;gilahdJ. mg;NghJ Njbf; nfhs;s Ntz;ba epiyikAk;
kl;Lk; jhd; Fwpg;gpl;l epyj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;. Cu; tUkhdk;
ciog;gjw;fhd rhpahd jpl;lj;ij fe;J}hp>fj;jk; Nghd;w gy;NtW rlq;F
tFj;Jf; nfhs;sy; rhj;jpakhFk;. ,g; rk;gpujhaq;fis elhj;jp itf;Fk;
;gpd;dzpapy; ,r; rpWghd;ik ehl;bd; NghJfpilf; F k; `jpa; a hitf;
jdpahd gz;Gfis tpsf;fp te;Njhk;. Fwpf;fpwJ. ,g;gb ,];yhkpa mwpTk;
,g;NghJ ,d;DnkhU kpf Kf;fpakhd mJ rhu; eltbf;iffSk; xU tif
mk;rj;ij tpsf;f KidfpNwhk;. jho;T epiy nfhz;litahfNt
fhzg;gl;ld.
,e; epyj;jpy; ,];yhk; rpy
rk;gpujhaq;fSk;> ghuk;ghpaq;fSk;> ,g; N ghJ ,e; e piy XusT
fyhr;rhu mk;rq;fSk; nfhz;l ePq;fpAs;s jhapDk;> KOikahf mJ
kjkhfNt ghu;f;fg;gl;L te;Js;sJ. ePq;ftpy;iy
c];jhj; vk;.V.vk;. kd;]_u; (esPkp)

mjd; ghJfhtyu;fshfNt khu;f;fk;
gbj;NjhUk; ghu;f;fg;gl;ldu;. mtu;fs;
kjFUf;fshfNt fhzg;gl;ldu;.
fe;J}hp> fj;jk;> ghjp`h kuz tPl;L
rlq; F fs; > gs; s prhu; Md; k P f r;
nraw; g hLfs; > Fu; M d; Xjpf;
nfhLj;jy; vd;gtw;iw
elhj;JgtuhfTNk Mypk;fs; vd;Nghh;
fhzg;gl;ldh;. njhOif> Rj;jk;>
jpUkzk; Nghd;w rpy tplaq;fspy;
Njhd;Wk; k];myhf;fSf;F jPu;T
nrhy;gtuhf mtu; ,Ue;jhu;. xU
Kg;gJ> ehw;gJ tUlq;fSf;F
Kd;dhy; Kiwahf ‘khh;f;ff; fy;tp’
gbf;fhj ‘nyg;ig’ fSk; Nkw;nrhd;d
khu; f ; f g; gzpfis Kd; d pd; W
elhj;jpdu;. ,];yhk; gw;wpa ,e;jg;
Nghf;F ,d;Dk; Kw;whf ePq;ftpy;iy
vd;W $wyhk;. mj;NjhL ,e;jg;
Nghf;F Vw;gLj;jpa Mo;kdg;gjpT
,d; D k; eP q ; f tpy; i y vd; g J
mtjhdj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;ba kpf
Kf;fpa cz;ik.
vd;gNjhL Mypk; tfpj;j me;j r%f mtUf;F gs;spfs;> kj;u]hf;fs;>
epiyahy; ,];yhk; gw;wp Vw;gl;l ,];yhkpa ,af;fq;fs;> mikg;GfNs
gpioahd kdg; g jpT ,d; D k; fjitj; jpwe;J nfhLf;fpd;wd. mq;F
njhlu;fpwJ; ePq;ftpy;iy. mtu; Rje;jpukhf ,aq;f Kbtjpy;iy.
gy re;ju;g;gq;fspy; nghUshjhu
khu;f;fk; gbj;jtu;fs; epiy ,d;Wk; Njl;lj;jpw;F ,lk; nfhLj;J gzpe;J
r%fj;jpy; cau;je;j me;j];j;ijg; Nghf Ntz;ba epiy Vw;gLfpwJ.
ngwtpy;iy. rpy khw;wq;fs; tPL>gps;isfspd; fy;tp> tPl;Lf;F vd
fhzg;gl;lhYk; xU lhf;lh;> mj;jpathrpakhfg; Ngha; tpl;l gy;NtW
tof;fwpQu;fs;> gy;fiyf;fof tpiy cau;e;j nghUl;fs;> cau;e;J
tpupTiuahsu;> Xu; murhq;f mjpgu; tpl;l tho;f;ifr; nryT vy;yhkhfr;
vd;gtu;fNshL xg;gpLifapy;> Mypk; Nru;e;J mtiu mKf;fp tpl gzpe;J
kpfr; rpwpatuhfNt kjpf;fg;gLfpwhu;. Nghf Ntz;ba epiyia Vw;gLj;jp
,d;dKk; Mypk;fs; gzf;fhuu;fSf;Ff; tpl;Ls;sd.
fPo; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba epiyNa cs;sJ. ‘khh;f;fk;’ gbj;Njhupd; ,e; epiyf;F
kpfg; ngUk;ghYk; mth;fs; nghUshjhu r%f epiy xU Kf;fpa fhuzk;.
hPjpahfr; Rje;jpuk; ngw;wtu;fshf mjhtJ xU lhf;lh;>tof;fwpQu;> xU
,y;iy. mg;gb rpy Mypk;fNs
gzf;fhuu;fshf MfpdhYk; mtu;fs; tpupTiuahsu; ,tu;fsJ ‘nghUl;fs;’
,];yhkpa mwpTj; juj;jpy; re;ijapy; tpiy NghFk;. Mdhy; Xu;
cau;e;jtu;fshf ,y;iy. gzf; Mypk>; ,];yhk; gbj;jtupd; ‘nghUis’
fhudhFk; topapy; mtu;fs; jkJ re;ijg;gLj;JtJ kpff; fbdk;. vdNt
khu;f;f mwpit ,of;Fk; epiy mtuJ nghUis itj;J mtu; tho
Vw;gl;lJ. KbahJ. mtuJ kj;u]hTk;>gs;spAk;
r%fj;jpd; ngUk; gq;if tfpf;Fk;
,d;ndhU Gwj;jhy; kj;u]htpd; ];jhg dq;fsy;y. kpfg; ngUk;ghYk;
ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; epiy fhuzkhf kpf ‘ju;kj;jpy’; ,aq;Fgit. re;ijg;
mjpfkhd Mypk;fshy; etPd fhyj;jpy; ngWkhdkw;w xU nghUis
tho Kbatpy;iy. vdNt r%fk; Rke;jpUf;Fk; Mypk; jdf;F
mtiu r%fg; gpur;ridfSf;F jPu;T fz;zpaj;ij rk;ghjpj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;>
$Wk; xU Gj;jp[Ptp vdf; fhztpy;iy. jd; nghUis re;ijg;gLj;jTk; kpfr;
gpur;rpid mjNdhL epw;ftpy;iy. mtu; rpukg; g l Ntz; b As; s J. gahd;
Rke;jpUf;Fk; khu;f;fKk; r%f tho;T epfo;r;rpfs;> gy;tif ,];yhkpa
rhu;;e;jjy;y. Md;kPf tho;T rhu;e;jJ. epfo;r;rpfis mtjhdpg;gtu;fs; ,jid
r%f tho; t pd; Nghuhl; l q; f spy; ed;F Gupayhk;. me; epfo;r;rpfSf;F
khu;f;fj;ij ,Of;ff; $lhJ vd;w tUgtu; f s; kpfr; rpwpa xU
KbitNa r%fj;jpd; Gj;jp [PtpfSk; rjtPjj;jpdu;. tUgtu;fshy; gahd;
nfhz;Ls;shu;fs;. elhj;Jgtu; fz;zpak; ngWfpwhu;
vd;Nw mjpfkhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ.
,];yhkpaj; Jiwapy; tUgtu;fs; ,e;j gahDf;F NghtJ
gbg;gtu;fSf;F mtu;fs; ngWk; fy;tpr; Njit> NghtJ vkf;F kpf mtrpak;
rhd;wpjOf;F ,e;j ehl;bd; vdf; fUJtjpy; i y. mg; g bf;
njhopy;Jiwapy; vg; ngWkhdKk; fUJgtu;fs; ntF nrhw;gj;
,y;iy. vdNt ,];yhk; gbf;Fk; gyu; njhifapdu;. gahid Vw;ghL nra;jtu;
gpd;du; ,d;ndhU Jiwiag; gbj;J kf;fs; tUthu;fNsh vd;w nld;~dpy;
mj;Jiwapy; cau; epiy mile;J Neuj;ijf; fopg;ghu;. rpyNghJ Ms;
ngUk; g hYk; jdJ ,]; y hkpaj; jpul;Ltjw;fhd mikg;G hPjpahd
Jiwia tpl;L tpLfpwhu;. ,];yhkpaj; xOq;F nfhz;l ,af;fq;fs; ,jw;F
Jiwapy; gpbthjkhf ,Uf;f Kidtu;. XusT tpjp tpyf;fhfyhk;. vdpDk;
my;yJ NtW topapd;wp ,Ug;gtu;. mq;F tUk; kf;fs; kNdhepiy NkNy
Kjd;ikahf nghUshjhug; nrhd;d kNdh epiyia tpl;Lg;
gpur;rpidf;F Kfq; nfhLf;fpwhu;. ngUk;ghYk; khWgLtjpy;iy.
,];yhkpaj; Jiw kl;LNk njupe;j
my;Fh;Md; kj;u]hf;fis mJ khj;jpukd;wp NkNyhl;lkhf
mtjhdpAq; f s; . mq; F mofhd ,];yhj;ijg;gbj;J tpl;L jk;ik
fjpiufs; > NkirfNsh> vOj ,];yhkpathjp vdf; fhl;bf; nfhs;Sk;
itl; N ghl; vg; g bg; NghdhYk; ,j;jifatu;fshy; ghjfkhd
‘gpyf;NghNlh’ ,Uf;fhJ. tFg;Gthupahf tpisTfSk; gy NjhdWk; nra;Ak;
khztu;fs; mq;F gpupf;fg;gl;bUf;fTk; jPq;F kpf mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;.
khl;lhu;fs;. NghJkhd Mrpupah; njhif> ,j;jifia epiyia r%fj;jpy;
Kiwahd ghlj;jpl;lk;> ,g;NghJ ehk; fhzj; Jtq;fpAs;Nshk;.
khztu;fSf;fhd ghPl;irfs;> mj;jifatu;fs; rpyNghJ gj;thf;fs;
mtu;fsJ Kd;Ndw;wj;ijf; nfhLf;ff; $lj; jaq;Ftjpy;iy. mg;
fzpg;gjw;fhd top Kiwfs; vJTNk gj; t hf; f s; rpy re; j u; g ; g q; f spy;
mq;fpUf;fhJ. my;Fh;Md; kj;u]htpd; ru;tNjr ,];yhkpa rl;l mwpQu;fs;
Mrpupah; ‘nkhd;l]{up’ Mrpupaiu tpl kpfg; ngUe; njhifahNdhupd;
jho;e;jt uhfNt r%fj;jpy; jP u ; T fSf; N f Kuzhf mike; J
ghu; f ; f g; g Lthu; . nkhd; l ]{hpapy; tpLtJz;L.
fhzg;gLk; trjpfs; $l Fh;Md;
kj;u]htpy; ,Uf;fhJ. ,e; epiyf;F ,g; g bnahU kpfr; rpf; f yhd
tpjptpyf; f hf rpy kj; u ]hf; f s; Fog;gkhd #o;epiyNa r%f kl;lj;jpy;
fhzg;gLtJ cz;ik. Mdhy; Fu;Md; kpfg; gutyhff; fhzg; g LfpwJ.
kj;u]hf;fspd; r%fg; nghJ epiy ,e;epiyapy; ,];yhkpag; gzpia
,JNt. vq;fpUe;J Muk;gpg;gJ.? vg;gb mjid
xU rf;jpahf khw;WtJ? vd;w
,J jhd; khu;f;ff; fy;Y}upfshd Nfs;tpfs; ePz;l fhy ,];yhkpag;
kj;u]hf;fs; ngUk;ghyhdtw;wpd; epiy gzpiaf; fz; l ,e; e hl; b Yk;
Ak;. kpfTk; mw;gkhd trjpfs;> r%f njhlu;e;JkpUf;fpwJ.
epiyia> jw; f hy #o; e piyia
mtjhdpf;fhj ghlj;jpl;lk;> Kiwahf FiwfisAk;> jtWfisAk;
gapw;Wtpf;fg;glhj Mrpupau;fs;> xU ,]; y hj; j pw; F Gwk; g hd nraw;
,Wf;fkhd Nghf;Ff; nfhz;l epu;thf ghLfisAk;> r%f epiyfisAk; kpfr;
xOq;F Kiw vd;wpt;thW mJ gw;wp rupahf ,dq;fhzy; ,];yhkpag;
RUf;fpf; $wyhk;. ,jw;F gzpapd; KjyhtJ mb. mwpQu; KdPu;
tpjptpyf;Ffs; cs;sd. Mdhy; mit rgPf; nrhy;tJ Nghd;W vjpup ,y -1 ahu;
tpjptpyf; F fNs; r%fg; nghJ vdf; fz;L mtid my;yJ mtid
epiyay;y. Nehf; f pj; j hf; F jiy xU Kfg;
gLj;JtJ mtrpak;. gpd;du; mLj;jLj;j
,g;gbnahU r%fg; gpd;dzpapy; xU juj; J vjpupfs; ahtu; vdf;
Gul;rpfukhd ,];yhkpathjp cUthjy; fhzNtz;Lk;. mtw;wpw;Nfw;g Nghuhl;l
kpff; fbdk;. mg;gb cUthtJ Nghy; xOq;if tFj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
Njhd;wpdhYk; NkNy tpsf;fg;gl;l
r%f rf;fuq;fspy; mbgl;L kpjpgl;L ,q;F ehk; nra;a Kide;jJ
mtu; jd; Ntfj;ij> Gul;rpg; Nghf;if mjidj; j hd; . ahiuAk; Fiw
tpl; L tpl Ntz; b a epiyNa $WtNjh> ,opTgLj;JtNjh vkJ
cUthFk;. Nehf;fky;y. FiwfisAk;
Neha; f isAk; fhzh tpl; l hy;
cz;ikapy; ,];yhkpaj; Jiwrhuh mtw;wpf;F kUe;J fhz KbahJ. ,j;
NtW Jiw rhu;e;NjhNu ,j;jifanjhU njhlh; fl;Liufs; ,g; gd;zpiaNa
r%f epiyia vjpu; n fhs; s g; Mw;wKidfpd;wd. Ntnwe;j
nghUj; j kdtu; . Mdhy; mjw; F Nehf;fj;ijAk; ,it nfhz;ljy;y
mtu; f s; Mo; e ; J ,]; y hkpaj; vd;gij kpfTk; gzpTld;
Jiwiag; gbj; J f; nfhs; s y; cz;ikahfr; nrhy;fpNwhk;.
mbg;gilahdJ. kpfTk; NkNyhl;lkhf
,];yhj;ijg; gbj;j ,j;j
ifatu;fshy; vJTk; nra;a KbahJ.
,];yhkpa thupRupikr; rl;lj;jpy;
ngz;Zf;F miug; ghfk;. Vd;?
(S.M.M. Mazahir, Senior Lecture & Head, Dept.of Islamic Studies,
South Eastern Univercity, Oluvil)
,];yhk; kdpj tho;tpd; midj;Jg; gq;ifg; ngz; ngWfpd;whs; vd;gJ

gFjpfisAk; xOq;FgLj;jp> rPu;gLj;j nghJthd xu; mk;rkhFk; “ ( nrhj;Jg;
te;j khu;f;fkhFk;. me;j tifapy; gq;fPl;by;> Xu; ) MZf;F ,U
kpfTk; rpf;fyhdJk; gy Fog;gq;fis ngz;fSf;FupaJ Nghd;w ghfk;
Njhw;Wtpg;gJkhd nghUshjhu eltbf; cz;nld;W my;yh`; cq;fSf;Ff;
iffisAk; ,];yhk; nrg;gdpl;L top fl;lisapLfpd;whd;” (#wh me;ep]h-
fhl;bAs;sJ. mjpYk; kpf Kf;fpakhf 11) vd;w kiwthf;fpak; ,jid
xU kdpjd; ,t;Tyfpy; nghUshjhu tpsf;F fpd;wJ. ,jdbg;gilapy; ngz;
tsj;Jld; tho;e;J> kuzpj;jjd; ngWfpd;w ghfj;jpd; ,U klq;if Mz;
gpd;du; mtDila me;j ngWfpd;whd;.
nrhj;Jf;fSk; nry;tKk; FLk;gj;jpdu;
kj;jpapy; vt;thW gfpu;e;jspf;fg;gly; ,e;jf; Fwpg;gpl;l tplak; njhlu;ghf
Ntz;Lk; vd;gij ,];yhk; ,d;W gy Nfs;tpf;fizfs; njhLf;fg;
njl; l j; n jspthf tpsf; f pAs; s J. gLfpd;wd. Mz; - ngz; rkj;Jtk;
Fwpg;ghf ghfg;gpuptpid njhlu;ghd n j h l u ; g h f n g u p J k ;
rl;lq;fSs; ngUk;ghyhd tw;iw ciuahw;wg;gLfpd;w ,f;
my; y h`; jMyhNt njspthf fhyg;gFjpapy; ,e;jg; gq;fPl;bd; Clhf
tpsf;fpapUg;gij ehk; mtjhdpf;fyhk;. K]; y pk; ngz; meP j papiof; f g;
#wh me;ep]htpd; 11>12 Mk; trdq;fs; gl; b Uf; f pd; w hs; vdTk; ,e; j r;
,jid njspthf tpsf;Fk; ,iw rl;lq;fs; ,d;iwa fhyj;jpw;Fg;
trdq;fshFk;. nghUj; j kw; w it vdTk; ,J
Mzhjpf; f rpe; j idapD} lhf
,];yhk; Kd;itf;Fk; thupRupikr; cUthdJ vdTk; nrhj; J f; f s;
rl;lq;fSs; Mz; ngWk; gq;fpy; miug;
MZf;Fk; ngz;Zf;Fk; rkkhfNt cil> ciuAs; (egfh) Nghd;w
gfph;e;jspf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vdTk; mj;jpatrpar; nrytpdq;fisr; nra;
Nfh~q;fSk; $f;Fuy;fSk; vOe;j tJ flikahFk;.
tz;zKs;sd. Nkw;fj;ija ehl;ltu;
fshy; Kd; i tf; f g; g l; l ,e; j * jdJ gps;isfSf;Fhpa fy;tpf;fhd
tpku;rdq; fis jw;fhyj;jpy; ek; nryTfs; > kidtp> gps; i sfs; >
ehl;ltu;fSk; K];ypk; ngw;NwhUf;fhd itj;jpar;
ngz;zpiythjpfSk; Kd; itf;fj; nrytpdq;fSk; MizNa rhUk;.
jiyg;gl;Ls;sdu;.
* jpUkzj;jpd; NghJ ngz;Zf;Fhpa
vdNt> ,e;j tpku;rdq;fSk; kù;> tPL> cil> Mguzr; nrytpdq;
fUj;Jf; fSk; rupahditah? vd fisAk; MNz Vw;f Ntz;Lk;.
Muha; e ; J > tpsf; F tNj ,f;
fl;Liuapd; Nehf;f khFk;. * RUq;ff; $wpd; jdpkdpj> jpUkz>
,];yhk; FLk;g tho;it ,U FLk;gr; nrytpdq;fis KOikahf
ngUk; gpupTfshf gpupj;Js;sJ. Mz;jhd; Rkf;ff; flikg;gl;Ls;shd;.
FLk;gj;jpd; KOr; nrytpdq;fisAk;
cs;slf;fpa nghUshjhug; ,Nj Ntis nghUshjhu uPjpahf
nghWg; i g ,]; y hk; MZf; F ngz; ve;j tifahd nghWg;igAk; Vw;f
toq;fpAs;sJ. Foe;ij cUthf;fk;> Ntz;bajpy;iy vd;gij gpd;tUk;
gps;is tsh;g;G> tPl;L eph;thfk; mk;rq;fs; njspTgLj;Jfpd;wd.
Nghd;wtw;iw cs;slf;fpa tPL
rhu;e;j nghWg;Gf;fis ,];yhk; * ngz; mtSf;fhd nrytpdq;fis
ngz;Zf;F toq;fpAs;sJ. ,e;jg; mts; ve;j epiyapypUg;gpDk; Xu;
gphptpid xUth; kw;wthpd; nghWg;Gf; MzplkpUe; J ngw; W f; n fhs; f pd; w
fspy; cjtf; $lhJ vd; w chpik nfhz; l ts; . kfshapd;
tifapyhd epue;jug; gphptd;W. ,J je; i japlkpUe; J k; kidtpahapd;
xUtiu xUth; Ghpe;J nfhz;L> fztdplkpUe; J k; rNfhjupahapd;
tpl;Lf; nfhLj;J xj;Jiog;G toq;Fk; rNfhjudplkpUe;Jk; jhahapd; kfdpl
tifapyhd xU nghWg;ghFk;. Mz; - kpUe;Jk; mtSf;fhd KOr; nrytpdq;
ngz;Zila clyikg;G> gyk;> fisAk; (egfh) ngw;Wf; nfhs;ths;.
gytPdk;> ,ay;g+f;fk;> csg;ghq;F
Nghd;wtw;iw fUj;jpw; nfhz;Nl * ngz; FLk;gj;jpy; ahu; kPJk; nryT
,t;thW nghWg;Gf;fs; nra;af; flikg;gl;ltss;ss;. jdf;
gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Nfh jdJ fztd;> gps;isfSf;Nfh
mts; nryT nra;aj; Njitapy;iy.
Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;lthW FLk;gj;jpd; rpy mwpQu;fspd; fUj;Jg;gb> xU ngz;
KOikahd nghUshjhur; trjpahdtshf ,Uf;Fk; re;jh;g;gj;jpy;
RikfisAk; Mz; vt; t hW mtsJ fztd; Vioahf ,Ue;J>
Rkf;fpd;whd; vd;gijf; fPo;tUk; mts; jdf;Fk; jdJ fztd;>
mk;rq;fs; tpsf;Ffpd;wd. gps;isfSf;Fk; nrytopj;jhy;> mtsJ
fztd; trjpAs;stdhf khwpa gpd;du;
* Mz; mtd; ve;j epiyapy; nrytopj;j njhifia mts; kPs
,Ue;jhYk; gpwUf;Fr; nrytopf;ff; t#y; nra;J nfhs;s KbAk;. mJ xU
flikg; gl;Ls;shd;. mtd; je;ij> fld; Nghd;W fUjg;gLk;.
fztd;> rNfhjud;> kfd; vd;w
epiyikfspd; NghJ mtdJ * mts; jpUkzk; nra;Ak; NghJ
FLk; g j; j pw; F nry topf; F k; mtSf; F ve; j g; nghUshjhug;
nghWg;ig Vw;Ws;shd;. nghWg;Gk; fpilahJ. mtSf;Fhpa tPL>
* Mz; jdJ kidtp> gps;isfs;> cil >Mguzk; vd;gitAk; jpUkz
ngw;Nwhu; rpyNghJ jkf;Fj; jhNk tpUe;Jk; (tyPkh) fztd; kPJs;s
nry topj;Jf; nfhs;s Kbahj NtW nghWg;Gf;fshFk;. mj;NjhL mtSf;F
cwtpdh;fs; MfpNahUf;F czT> kù; vd;w tUkhdKk; mjd; NghJ
kfd; kfs;
tpguk; tuT nryT tuT nryT
01. thupRj; nrhj;J 2000000.00 1000000.00
02. tPL 1000000.00
03. jsghlq;fs; 200000.00
04. cil>mzpfyd;fs; 500000.00 100000.00

05. kù; 50000.00 50000.00
06. tyPkh 50000.00
07. jpUkzj; jpw;F Kd; - gpd;

cs;s nrytpdq;fs; 50000.00
nkhj;jk; 2000000.00 1850000.00 1050000.00 100000.00
kPjp 150000.00 950000.00
fpilf;Fk;. ,k; kù;j; njhif nghWg;Gf;fs; vJTkpd;wp> mjidf;

rpyNghJ ngUe;njhifg; gzkhfTk; ifahsyhk;. ,jidf; fPo;tUk;
mike;J tpLtJk; cz;L. cjhuzk; %yk; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s
KbAk;.
vdNt NkNy Rl;bf;fhl;ba
tplaq;fspd; gb> ,];yhkpa FLk;gr; xU je;ij jdJ xU kfidAk; xU
rl;lq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; MZf;Fhpa kfisAk; khj;jpuk; thupRjhuuhfTk; 30
nrytpdq;fs; kpf mjpfk;. ,yl;rk; &gh ngWkjpahd nrhj;ijAk;
nghUshjhug; nghWg;Gf;fSk; kpfg; tpl;Lr; nry;fpd;whu; vd itj;Jf;
ghupaJ. mjdhy; nry;tKk; nfhs;Nthk;. ,g;NghJ thupRupikr;
nrhj;Jf;fSk; mtDf;Nf $Ljyhf rl;lg;gb> kfDf;F ,UgJ ,yl;rk;
toq;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. &ghAk; kfSf;F 10 ,yl;rk; &ghAk;
nghWg;Gf;fspd;; mbg;gilapy; ,t;thW thupRj; nrhj;jhf fpilf;Fk;. ,th;fs;
Vw;wj;jho;NthL toq;FtNj kpfTk; ,UtUk; jpUkzk; Kbf;Fk; epiy
epahakhdjhFk;. te;jhy; mtu;fSila tuT -
nryTfis fPo;tUk; ml;ltiz
cz;ikapy; ngz;Zf;F fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
toq;fg;gL fpd;w miug;ghfk; $l ,e;j ml;ltizapd; gb kfdpd; kPjp
mtSf;F Nkyjpfkhff; fpilf;fpd;w 1>50>000.00 &ghTk; njhlh;e;J ifapUg;
njhifahFk; . mts; nryTg; ghf ,Uf; f KbahJ. NtW
tUkhdq; f s; vJTkpy; y htpl; l hy; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ]fhj;> ]jfh> t]pa;aj;>
mtd; mjid jdJ kidtp> tf;g; Nghd;w ew;fUkq;fspd; %yk;
FLk;gj;jpd; nrytpdq;fSf; fhfr; mtd; fzprkhd ed; i kfisr;
nrytpLthd;. rk;ghjpj;Jf; nfhs;thd;. ed;ikfisg;
ngw;Wf; nfhs;tnjd;gJ ngz;Zf;Fk;
kfs; jdJ cil> mzpfyd;fSf; Njitahd xd;whFk;. vdNt> mtsplk;
fhfr; nrytpl;l 100>000.00 &ghTk; nrhj;Jf;fSk; nry;tKk; nrhe;jkhf
mts; fl; l hakhfr; nrytopf; f ,Uf; F k; gl; r j; j pNyNa NkNy
Ntz;ba njhifad;W. mt;thW Fwpg;gpl;l ew;fUkq;fspy; <Lgl
nrytopj;jjhf vLj;Jf; nfhz;L tha;g;Ngw;gLk;.
ghu; j ; j hYk; mtSf; F kP j khf
950>000.00 &gh fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. mNjNtis tpthfuj;J> fztdpd;
mj;NjhL mtSf;F cil> mzpfyd; jpBu; kuzk; Nghd;w tpUk;gj;jfhj>
fs; mtdJ fztdplkpUe; J k; eph;f; fjpahd epiyikfspd; NghJ
fpilf;Fk;. ,j;njhifAk; gpwuplk; ifNae;jhJ> mtSf;F
fhyg; N ghf; f py; Mizg; N ghd; W cWJizahf ,Ug;gjw;F ,j;jifa
fiue;JtplhJ. mjid mts; jdJ nrhj;Jf;fs; mtrpag;gLfpd;wd.
epue;jukhd nrhj;jhf itj;jpUf;fNth
KjyPLfspy; <LgLj;jp mjidg; mj;NjhL> ,];yhkpa thupRupikr;
ngUf;fNth KbAk;. NtW nghWg;ghd rl;lq;fis EZf;fkhf MuhAk; NghJ
nrytpdq;fs; mtSf;Ff; fpilahJ. VO re;ju;g;gq;fspy; ngz; MZf;F
,e;j tifapy; mtjhdpf;Fk; NghJ rkdhd gq;ifAk; gj;J re;ju;g;gq;fspy;
ngz; Mzpd; gq;iftpl miug;ghfk; Miz tpl mjpfkhd gq;ifAk; ehd;F
ngWtjhdJ mtSf;F Nkyjpfkhf re;ju;g;gq;fspy; ngz; thupRupik ngWk;
toq;fg;gLfpd;w xU nrhj;jhFk;. mNjNtis mtSila juj;jpYs;s
me;jf; Nfhzj;jpy; ,Ue;J ghh;f;Fk; Mz; thupRupik ngwhjpUg;gijAk;
NghJ ngz; mePjpapiof;fg;gl;Ls;shs; fz;L nfhs;syhk;. vdNt> ,];yhkpa
vd;w fijia tpLj;J> mts; Miz thupRupikr; rl;lj;jpy; MZf;F
tpl nfsutg; gLj;jg;gl;bUf;fpd;whs; toq;fg;gLfpd;w ghfj;jpy; miug;ghfk;
vd;w KbTf;F vk;khy; tu KbAk;. ngz;Zf;F toq;fg;gLtjhy; mts;
mePjpapiof;fg;gltpy;iy vd;gijAk;
MZf;Fk;> ngz;Zf;Fk; rkkhd mtSf; F toq; f g; g Lk; ghfk;
nghU shjhug; nghWg;Gf;fisr; Rkj;jp> Nkyjpfkhd nrhj;jhFk; vd;gijAk;
nrhj;Jg; gq;fPl;il Vw;wj; jho;thfg; mtis fz;zpag;gLj;J KfkhfNt
gpupf;Fk; NghJ jhd; mq;F mePjp vd;w ,j;jifa gq;fPL mtSf;F
tplaj;ijg; gad;gLj;jyhk;. ,q;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gijAk; mtSf;
MZf;F KOg; nghUshjhur; Rik Fhpa nrhj;Jk; nry;tKk; ed;ikfspd;
fSk; toq;fg;gl;L> ngz; ghy; mts; <LghL fhl;Ltjw;F
KOikahfNt nghUshjhur; mtisj; J}z;Lfpd;wJ vd;gijAk;
RikfspypUe;J tpLtpf;fg; gl;L> kpfTk; gpuj;jpal;rkhf vk;khy; Gupe;J
thupRr; nrhj;Jf;fs; ,U rhuhUf;F nfhs;s KbAk;.
kpilapy; rkkhfg; gpupf;fg;gLtJ
MZf;Fr; nra;Ak; mepahakhFk;..
,jdhy;jhd; ,];yhk; ,j;jifa crhj;Jizfs; :
nrhj;Jg; gq;fPl;il cUthf;fpAs;sJ.
01. myp `];Gy;yh`; (1981) my; kPuh];
,e;jg; gpd;dzpapy; ghh;f;Fk; NghJ> gp~; ~uPmj;jpy; ,];yhkpa;ah.
02. K`k;kj; myp m];]hg+dp (2007)>
nghUshjhug; nghWg;Gf;fs; my; kthuP]; gp~; ~uPmj;jpy; ,];yhkpa;ah>
Rkj; j g; g lhj ngz; Z f; F Vd; nga;&j; : my;kf;jgJy; m];upa;ah
miug;ghfk; toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ? vd;w
Nfs;tpAk; vo KbAk;. MZf;F gzk;>
nrhj;J vd;gtw;wpdhy; mjpfkhd
ed;ikfisg; ngwf; $ba tha;g;G
Md;kPf tWikAk;
mjw;fhd gupfhuKk;
- ,g;D mgP ]hyp`; -
my;Fu;Md; nghUshjhu rPu;epiy cz;ikfs; mtdJ cs;sj;jpy;

Fwpj;J kpfTk; typAWj;jp tpsf;F epiyngWtij vjpu;ghh;f;f KbAk;”.
fpwJ. ]{uh khCd; kWik ehis
epuhfhpj;jypd; xU tifahf tWik ,g; gFjpapy; ,];yhk; jUfpd;w
xopg;gpy; <Lglhikiaf; Fwpf;fpwJ. ,d;ndhU topfhl;lNy FLk;g tho;T
]{uh `hf;fhtpy; eufpy; js;sg;gL gw;wpa rl;l xOq;Fk;> Mghr r%f #o
fpd;wikf;F ,iw epuhfhpg;gpw;F iy xopj;jYk;. FLk;gk; ,];yhkpa
mLj;j fhuzkhf ,jidf Fwpf;fpwJ. r%f tho;tpd; mbg;gil kdpjdpd;
my;Fh;Md; 28 ,lq;fspy; vjpu;fhy tho;Tf;fhd mbj;jsk;
njhOifiaAk; ]fhj;ijAk; mq;Fjhd; ,lg; gLfpwJ.
,izj;Jf; $WfpwJ. ]`hghf;fs; mt;tbj;jsk; rhpahfTk; gykhfTk;
]fhj;ij jukhl;Nlhk; vd thjpl;l mikAkstpw;F r%f tho;Tk; rPuhf
tu;fSf;F vjpuhf Aj;jnkhd;iwNa Tk; gykhfTk; mikAk;. kdpj
nfhz;L nrd;whu;fs;. ,e;j Md;khit tsh;f;Fk; mbg;gilg;
tifapy;jhd; ]fhj;ij ,];yhkpa nghWg;G FLk;gj;jplNk cs;sJ.
tho;itj; jhq;fp epw;Fk; J}z;fspy; kdpjdpd; rpWguha Mo; kdg;gjpTfs;
xd;whf ,iwj;J}ju; (]y;) mtu;fs; kpFe;j tPupak; nfhz;lit. vdNt
tpsf;fpdhu;fs;. FLk; g k; rpWguhaj; j py; Md; k P f
czh;Tfis toq;Fk; NghJ mJ
,t;thW tWikia xopf;f ]fhj; kpfTk; nghpanjhU Muk; g khf
rl;l xOq;if ,];yhk; mikfpwJ. ,e;j tifapy; ,];yhk;
Vw;gLj;jpaNjhL guhkhpj;jy;> FLk;gk; Fwpj;Jj; je;Js;s rl;lq;fSk;>
thhpRhpik> r%ff; $l;Lg; nghWg;G top fhl;ly;fSk;> NghjidfSk; kpfr;
Nghd;w rl;lq;fisAk; ,];yhk; rupahf eil Kiwf;F tuy; Md;kPf
,aw;wpAs;sJ. Md;kPf cah;Tf;F cah;tpd; Kf;fpa mbg;gilahfpwJ.
topfhz Kidgth;fs; Fwpg;ghf Mghr r%f #oy; Md;kPf cah;tpd;
nghUshjhu #o;epiy Fwpj;Jf; ftdk; kpf mghafukhd vjpupahFk;. vdNt
nrYj;jy; kpfTk; mtrpakhdJ. mJ mfw;wg;gly;> J}ar%f
,f;fUj;ij n~a;f; K`k;kj; my; - #onyhd;W fhzg;gly; kpf
f];]hyp jkf;Nf chpa ghzpapy; fPo; mtrpakhdjhFk;. FLk;g tho;tpd;
tUkhW kpfTk; mofhf tpsf;Ffpwhu;. gyk; Mghr #oypd; jhf;fj;ij kpff;
Fiwf;Fk;. ]{uh E}u; Mghr #oiy
“xU kdpjdpd; cs;sj;ij mtdJ mfw;wy>; mjw;fhd topKiw Fwpj;J
tapW ntWikahf ,Ug;gpd; tpupthf kpfTk; EZf;fkhf
Neu;topahy; epug;GtJ kpff; fbdk;. tpsf;fpAs;sJ.
cLf;f cilapy;yhjtid jf;th
vDk; cilahy; Nghh; j ; J tJ ,e;j tifapy; ,];yhk; Md;kPf
rhj;jpakpy;iy. xU kdpjid kdpj czu;Tfs; tsur; rhjfkhd #o
dhf epkph;e;J epw;fr; nra;Ak; nyhd;iw cUthf;Ftjpy; kpfTk;
mbg;gilj; Njitfs; epiwNtw;wg;gl Mo;e;j ftdk; nrYj;JfpwJ. mjpy;
Ntz;Lk;. mjd; gpd;dNu <khdpa kpfTk; Kf;fpakhd gFjpfis
kl;LNk ,q;F tpsf;fpNdhk;.
,dp Md;kPfg; gapw;Wtpj;jypd; ,uz; “mwpT ngw;Nwhu; mJ ckJ ,ul;rf
lhtJ mbg; g il cz; i kf; F dplkpUe;J te;jJ vd mwpe;J
tUNthk;. Vw;fdNt ehk; tpsf;fpaJ nfhs;fpwhu;fs;. tpisthf mjid
Nghy; Md; k P f tho; T vd; g J ek;gpf;if nfhs;fpwhu;fs;. tpisthf
,iwepiditAk; mJ rhh;e;j cs mtu;fsJ cs;sq; fs; gzpe;J
czh; TfisAk; ,tw;wpd; tpisthf tpLfpd;wd... (]{uh `[; - 54)
tUk; elj;ijiaAk; Fwpf; fpwJ. ,e;j
tifapy; KjyhtJ ,J ek;gpf;ifg; ,khk; f];]hyp ,f;fUj;ijf; fPo;
gFjpiaf; Fwpf;fpwJ. tUkhW tpsf;Ffpwhu;. “rpe;jidapd;
,e;jg; gpugQ;rk; jw;nrayhfj; Kjd;ikahd tpisT mwpT
Njhd;wtpy;iy. mjd; ,af;fKk; cs;sj;jpy; mwpT Eioapd; mJ
jd; K idg; g hd ,ae; j puhP j pahd khw;wKWk;. cs;sk; khw;wKWkhapd;
mikg;gd;W. ,g;gpuQ;rj;jpw;Fk; mjd; clypd; nray;fs; khw;wKWk; nray;
,af;fj;jpw;Fk; gpd;dhy; xU kpfg; csepiyia gpd;njhlUk;. mwpitg;
ghhpa mwpTk;> rf;jpAk; nfhz;ltd; gpd;njhlUk; mwpT rpe;jidiag;gpd;
cs; s hd; . mtdJ jpl; l kplNy njhlUk; vdNt rpe;jidNa midj;J
,t;TyFk; mjd; ,af;fKk; ,f; ed;ikfspdJk; jpwT Nfhs;”.(1)
fUj;ijNa ,iw ek;gpf;if vd;fpNwhk;.
mwpT vd;gJ jfty;fspd; jpul;L
kdpj tho; T ,t; T yfpy; my;y. Mo;e;j rpe;jidapd; tpisthf
mh;j;jkw;W Kbe;J tpLtjpy;iy. tUk; csg;g+h;t KbTfNs mwpthFk;.
kz;NzhL kz;zhfp moptJ kdpjd;
vd;w rpU~;bapd; tho;Tf;fhd ,e;jg; gpd;dzpapy; kf;fhtpy; Fu;Md;
nghUsd; W . epue; j ukhf thog; “rpe;jid xOq;F” gw;wp kpf tpupthfg;
gpwe;jtd;. mt; tho;tpd; Kjw; fl;lkhf NgrpaJ. kpFe;j mOj;jk; nfhLj;J
,e;j cyf tho;T gupNrhjidahf ikag;gLj;jpg; NgrpaJ. <khdpd;
mike;Js;sJ. ,JNt kWik ehs; cz;ikfs; kdpjdpd; Rarpe;jidapd;
ek;gpf;if. tpisthf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij
,t;tpU mbg;gil kpfTk; typAWj;jpg; NgrpaJ. gpugQ;rk;
ek; g pf; i ffis xl; b Na Vida gw;wpAk;> gy;NtW ,aw;if epfo;Tfs;
ek;gpf;iffs; mike;Js;sd. ,e;j gw;wpAk;> kdpjd; gw;wpAk;
ek;gpf;iffs; cz;ikapy; ,g;gpugQ;rk;> E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd trdq;fspy; my;
kdpj tho;Tf;fhd tpsf;fk;. gpugQ;rk; Fu;Md; NgRfpwJ. tpuptQ;rp mtw;wpy;
gw; w pa Ma; t pd; mwpTg+h; t khd kpfTk; rpytw;iw ,q;Nf jUfpNwhk;.
KbTfs;. ,g; gpd;dzpapy; ,e;j
ek;gpf;iffs; mwpTg+u;tkhfg; “mtu;fs; jk;ikg; gw;wp rpe;jpf;ftpy;
Gupag; g lNtz; L k; . rpe; j idapd; iyah? thdq;fisAk; g+kpiaAk;
tpisthf ,e;j mwpT ngwg;gl mtw;wpilNa ,Ug;gtw;iwAk;
Ntz;Lk; vd my;Fu;Md; rj;jpaj;jpd; mbg;gilapNyNa
vjpu;ghu;f;fpwJ. gilj;Js;Nshk;” (]{uh &k; - 8)
gpugQ; r k; gw; w pa Ma; T > “mtu;fSf;F Nkyhy; cs;s thdj;ij
rpe;jid- mwpT- <khd;. ,t;thW xd;wd; mth;fs; Nehf;ftpy;iyah? mjid
tpisthf xd; i w my; F u; M d; ehk; vt;thW epu;khzpj;Njhk;? vt;thW
fhz;fpwJ. fz;iz %bf;nfhz;L moFgLj; j pNdhk; ? mjpy; ve; j
<khd; nfhs;sy; vd;gJ my;Fh;Midg;
nghWj;jtiuapy;fpilahJ. Xl;ilAk; fhzg;gltpy;iy? ”
(]{uh fhg; - 6)
vdNt rpe;jid; tpisthf mwpT;
tpisthf <khd; vd;w ,e;j mbg;gil “xl;lfj;ij vt;thW ehk;
Ngzg;gly; Md;kPfg; gapw;Wtpj;jypd; gilj;Js;Nshk;? thdj;ij vt;thW
,uz;lhtJ Kf;fpa mbg;gilahFk;. cah;j;jp mikj;Js;Nshk;? vd;W
my;Fu;Md; ,f;fUj;ijf; fPo;tUkhW mth;fs; Nehf;f tpy;iyah? ”(]{uh
jUfpwJ. my;fh~pah 17-18)
“my;yh`; jtpu Ntnwe;jf; flTs; nfhz;bUg;gijtpl ,j;jifa
ePq;fs; mikjp ngWk; ,uit jpf;u;fis cr;rupg;gJ rpwe;jJNt.
cq;fSf;F nfhz;L juKbAk;. ePq;fs; Mdhy; mJ Md;kPfg; gapw;rpapy; kpfr;
mtjhdpf;ftpy;iyah?”(]{uh f]]; 72) rpwpanjhU gq;if kl;LNk tfpf;f
KbAk;.
“g+kpapy; mtu;fs; gpuahzk; nra;J
mtu;fSf;F Kd;gpUe;Njhupd; KbT Md;kPfg; gapw;Wtpj;jypd; Nkw; $wpa
,U mbg;gil mk;rq;fspd; gpd;du;
vd;dthapw;W vd;W Nehf;ftpy;iyah? ” Md;kPf gapw;rpf;fhd rhjdq;fs;
(]{uh &k; - 9) kpfTk; njspthdit. my;Fh;MDk;
“ehk; nrtpkLj;Jf; Nfl;gtu;fshf Rd;dhTk; mtw;iw kpfj; njspthf
my;yJ rpe;jpg;gtu;fshf ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; tpsf;fpAs;sd. flikahd tzf;f
eufthrpfspy; ,Ue;jpUf;f khl;Nlhk;” topghLfs; capNuhl;lkhf
(]{uh Ky;f; - 10) epiwNtw;wg;gly;>gy;NtW Rd;dj;jhd
tzf;fq;fs;> jpf;u;fs;> JMf;fs;
tpQ;Qhdg+u;tkhf Muha Ntz;Lk>; elj; i jfs; rhu; xOf; f q; f s;
mwpTg+u;tkhf tplaq;fis Nehf;f filgpbf;fg;gly;> Rd;dj;jhd
Ntz;Lk; vd typAWj;jpa my;Fu;Md; tzf;fq;fspy; Fwpg;ghf
nksl;Bf ek;gpf;iffs;> rpe;jidaw;w my;Fh;MDldhd njhlh;G> j`[;[{j;
ntWk; tho;T vd;gtw;iw kpff; njhOif> Rd;dj;jhd Nehd;Gfs;
fLikahf rhbaJ. vd;gd Kjd;ikg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
“eufpf;nfd;W [pd;fspy;> ,g;NghJ Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l tplaq;fis

kdpju;fspy; rpyiu ehk; gilj;J rhj;jpag;gLj;JtJ vt;thW vd Nehf;F
tpl;Ls;Nshk;.. mtu;fSf;F cs;sq;fs; Nthk;. ,q;F rpWghd;ik K];ypk;
,Uf;Fk;; rpe;jpf;fkhl;lhu;fs;. r%fg; gpd;dzpapypUe;Nj ,tw;iw ehk;
fz;fspUf;Fk;; ghh;f;f khl;lhu;fs;. tpsf;FfpNwhk;.
fhJfspUf;Fk;; Nfl;f khl;lhu;fs;. rpWghd;ik vd;w tifapy; Njrpa
mtu;fs; kpUfj;ij xj;jtu;fs;. uPjpahd khw;wk;> mjpfhuuPjpahd
,y;iy. mjid tplTk; top njupahJ khw;wq;fs; gw;wp ,yq;if K];ypk;
jLkhWgtu;fs;. mtu;fs;jhd; r%fk; rpe; j pf; f Ntz; b ajpy; i y.
mf;fiwaw;W tho;gtu;fs;” fpuhkk; fpuhkkhf Md;kPfhPjpahd
(]{uh m/uhg; - 79) nraw;ghLfs; Fwpj;J rpe;jpg;gNj kpfTk;
nghUj;jkhdJ. mt;thW jpl;lkpbd;
,e;j tifapy; Md;kPfg; Ntiyj; jpl;lk; XusT ,yFthdJ
gapw;Wtpj;jy; vd;gJ my;yh`;itg; vdf; fUj KbAk;. fPo; tUk; xOq;fpy;
Ghpjy;> tho;T gw;wpa Ghpjy; vd;gtw;wpd; ,J gw;wpj; jpl;lkply; rhj;jpakhdJ
kPNj vOk;GfpwJ. ek;gpf;ifg; gFjp vdf; fUjyhk;.
gw;wpa Mo;e;j GhpjNy Md;kPf fpuhkj;jpy; nghUshjhu uPjpahf mb
gapw; r papy; vLj; J itf; F k; kl;lj;jpy; ,Ug;Nghiu
KjybahFk;. vOg;gptplYf;fhd topfhzy;. ,jidg;
gpujhdkhf ,U topfspy; xOq;F
,g; gFjpaw;w ntWk; tzf;f topghL gLj;jyhk;.
fs; capNuhl;lk; nfhz;ljhf mika
khl;lhJ. fUj;Jg; Ghpahky; (01) ]fhj; epWtd xOq;F
my;Fh;Mid XjYk;> rpy jpf;u; etPd Ma;Tfspd; Jiz nfhz;L
mt;uhJfis fUj;jpy; vf; ,jid eilKiwg;gLj;jpdhy; tWik
ftdKkpd; w p kddkpl; L XjYk; xopg;gpy; ngUk; gq;if ]fhj; epWtd
Md;kPfg; gapw;rpaspj;jjhf xU NghJk; mikg;G Mw;w KbAk;.
Mfkhl;lhJ. ,khk; ,g;D ijkpah (m) nrytpdq;fSf;Fg; nghWg;ghjy;
nrhy; t J Nghd; W NtNwjhtJ rk;ge;jkhd rl;lg; gFjp gw;wpa
Njitapy;yhjtw;iwg; Ngrpf; mwpitAk;> J}z;LjiyAk; Vw;gLj;jy;.
(M) ,it jtpu ]fhj;Jy; gpj;u;> ii. epfo;r;rpfis elhj;jj; Njitahd
]jfhf;fs;> Fw;wg;gupfhuKk;> trjpfs; > rhjdq; f isg; gs; s p
nghUshjhuhPjpahf mikAk; vd;git nfhz;bUj;jy;
mwpt+l;ly;> J}z;Ljy;fisf;
nfhLj;jy; vd;gitAk; nghUshjhug; (<) ,];yhkpa ek;gpf;iffs;> Md;kPf
gpur;rpidiaj; jPh;g;gjpy; gq;fspf;f topfhl;ly;fNshL njhlh;Ggl;l E}y;fs;
KbAk;. kpfg; gutyhff; fhzg;gly;. jkpo;
02. gy;NtW epWtdq;fSlhf nkhopapy; ,j;jifa E}y;fs; kpff;
eilKiwg;gLj;jy; FiwthfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j
,ilntsp epug;gg;gly; kpfTk;
(m) ghlrhiyfs; Md;kPf cau;Tf;F mtrpakhdJ.
ghjfkpd;wp ,aq;fy;. ,J
mtw; w plkpUe; J vjpu; g hh; f ; f g; g Lk; (c) Md;kPf hPjpahfg; gapw;Wtpf;Fk;
Mff;Fiwe;j epiyahFk;. Md;kPf “Kug;gpfs;”gutyhf cUthf;fg;gly;>
cah; t pd; Kjw; f l; l k; Fwpg; g hf ,g;gFjpapy; kpFe;j Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
ek;gpf;iffs; rhu; mwpitf; nfhLj;jy; ngWk; mk; r khFk; . ,]; y hkpa
vd tpsf;fpNdhk;. mg;gFjpiaf; tuyhw; w py; “th,y; ” vdg; g Lk;
Fwpg;ghf ghlrhiyfs; ,];yhk; ghl cgNjrk; nra;Nthu; mf; fhyg; gphptpy;
Neuk;> gy;tif ghlrhiy epfo;r;rpfs; mjpfkhff; fhzg; gl;ldu;. mtu;fsJ
Clhff; nfhLf;f Kayy;. Ngr;Rf;fSk; cgNjrq;fSk; kpFe;j
(M) ghyu; Kd; ghlrhiyAk;> Fh;Md; jhf;fj;ij tpistpj;jd. ,khk; `]d;
kj;u]hTk; ,g;gFjpapy; fhj;jpukhd my; g]hp> ,g;D my; n[s]p>
gq;fspg;nghd;iwr; nra;a KbAk;. gpQ;R K`;aj;jPd; mg;Jy; fhjpu; [Pyhdp>
kdjpNyNa ,iw ek;gpf;ifia jk; ,khk; g`;;Uj;jPd; uh]P Nghd;wtu;fs;
ghlj; j pl; l j; j pD}lhff; ftdkhfg; kf;fis ,iwtd; gf;fk; jpUg;Gk; kpfr;
gjpar; nra;a KbAkhapd;> mJ kpfg; rpwe;j Ngr;rhsu;;fshf ,Ue;jdu;.
nghpanjhU Md;kPf mbj;jskhf n~a;f; mg;Jy; `kPj; fp~;f;> n~a;f;
mika KbAnkd;gjpy; re;Njfkpy;iy. fj;jhd;> mk;u; fhypj; Nghd;Nwhu; etPd
(,) gs;sp Md;kPf cah;tpd; mbg; fhyg; g phptpy; ,j; j ifNahUf; F
gilahd> Kjd;ikahd ,lk;. Ie;J cjhuzkhtu;.
Neuj; njhOifAk;> [{k;M Fj;ghTk; ,e;j tifapy; ,];yhkpaf; fy;tp
njhOifAk;> Nehd;G fhy epfo;r;rp $lq;fshd kj;u]hf;fs;
fSk;> ,d;Dk; gy;NtW epfo;r;rpfSk; ,j; j ifNahiu cUthf; F tjid
gs;spia Md;kPf xsp gug;Gk; kj;jpa jkJ Kf;fpa Ntiyj; jpl;lq;fspy;
jskhfr; nra; J s; s J vd; g jpy; xd;whff; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. jdp
re;Njfkpy;iy. Mdhy; ,tw;iw egu;fis kl;Lk; ,yf;fhff; nfhz;L
capNuhl;lkhfTk;> kpFe;j gad; ,aq;Fk; Md;kPfj; jh;gpa;ah nghpa
ghLs;sjhfTk; mikg;gJ vt;thW gandjidAk; nfhLf;fhJ. mJ
vdj; jpl;lkply;> eilKiwg;gLj;jy; gutyhff; nfhLf;fg;gLk; NghJ jhd;
kpf mbg;gilahdjhFk;. gs;sp ,g; Kuz;ghLfs; mw;w> jilfs; ,y;yhj>
gzpiar; nra;aj; jtwpdhy; me;j Md;kPf cau;Tf;F rhjfkhd #o
,ilntspia Ntnwe;j epWtdKk; nyhd;W cUthf rhj;jpakhFk;.
epug;Gjy; kpff; fbdk;. ,e;j tifapy; ,g;gpd;dzpapypUe;Nj rpy
mbg;gilahf ,U tplaq;fs; fhzg;gl rpe;jidfis Kd; itj;Njhk;.
Ntz;Lk;.
i. jFjp tha;e;j ,khk; :
njhOtpj;jy; vd;gJ kl;Lky;y ,tuJ
gzp. Cupd; Kug;gpahf ,tu; ,aq;f
Ntz;Lk;. vdNt NghJkhd trjpfs;
nra;J nfhLf;fg;gl;L rpwe;j rk;gsKk;
,tUf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

fsj;ij tpl;L
gpd; thq;FjYk;
kPs tUjYk;
up\hl; e[pKBd;
my;yh`;tpd; ,Wjpj; J}jNu egp(]y;) mtu;fs; EGt;tj; fpilf;F

vkJ topfhl;b. ,];yhkpa rl;lg; Kd;dNu r%f rPu;jpUj;jk; Fwpj;J
gFjpf;fhd mbg;gilfis vt;thW Mokhf rpe;jpf;f Kw;gLfpd;whu;fs;.
Kd;itj;jhu;fNsh mNj Nghd;W fhyg;Nghf;fpy; rpe;jid ehl;lkhf
,];yhkpa miog;Gg; gzpf;fhd %yf; gupzhkk; vLj;J>fsj;ij rPu;gLj;Jk;
NfhLfisAk; fPwp tpl;Nl gzpapy; ,wq;fpAk; tpLfpd;whu;fs;. ,J
nrd;Ws;shu;fs;. me;j tifapy; ,d;Dk; t`p ,wq;fhj fhyk;.
fhyj;Jf;Ff; fhyk; Njhd;wpa ,khk; fsj;jpy; mtjhdpj;j [h`pypa;aj;
fSk; mwpQu;fSk; jkJ %y Mjhuq; Ju; e hw; w q; f is mfw; W tjw; f hf
fshf Fh;MidAk; Rd;dhitANk jd;dhy; Kbe;j gpuaj;jdq;fis
vLj;Jf; nfhz;ldu;. Nkw;nfhs;fp;d;whu;fs;.
,f;fl;Liuapy; egpatu;fs; jdJ gy rk;gtq;fis ,jw;F
j/thf; fl;lq;fspy; Kd;itj;j Xu; cjhuzkhf $wKbAkhapDk; xU
mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghl;ilg; gw;wpAk;> gpw; rk; g tj; i j khj; j puk; njhl; L f;
fhyj;jpy; ,];yhkpa vOr;rpf;F fhl;Lfpd;Nwhk;. mepahak;
rpe;jdh uPjpahf ngUk; gq;fhw;wpa ,khk; ,iof;fg;gl;ltDf;F rhu;ghf
f];]hypapdJ mf;Nfhl;ghl;Lf;fhd mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D [{j;MTila
Ez;ikahd gpd;gw;wiyAk; gw;wpa Xu; tPl;by; $b vLj;j jPu;khdj;jpw;F
mwpKfj;ij Kd;itf;f egpath;fs; toq;fpa Mjuit ehk;
Kidfpd;Nwhk;. mwpe;Nj itj;Js;Nshk;. gpw;gl;l
fhyj;jpy; ,J gw;wpf; $wpa egpatu;fs;
“tpiy kjpf;f Kbahj Xu; xl;lif vt;tpj cs;ehl;L Fog;g q;fSk;
fpilg;gij tpl mt;nthg;ge;jj;jpy; gpuptpidfSk; mw;wjhfNt
fye;J nfhz;lJ vdf;F kpfTk; fhzg;gl;ld.
tpUg;gkhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ” vd;whu;fs;.
mLj;j ,uz;L fyPghf;fsJ Ml;rpf;
[h`pypa;a r%fj;jpy; GiuNahbg; fhyq; f Sk; XusT gpur; r pid
NghapUe;j mUtUf;fj;jf;f nray; epiwe;jjhff; fhzg;gl;lhYk;
fSf;F egpatu;fs; EGt;tj;Jf;F ,];yhkpa ,ay;igf; nfhz;l Xu;
Kd;dpUe;Nj rptg;Gf; nfhb fhl;b rhk;uh[;akhfNt mJ njhlh;e;Jk;
te;Js;shu; vd;gij ]Puhit NkNyhl;l ,aq;fp te;jJ. fpyhgh uh~pjhit
khf thrpg;gtu; $l mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; mLj;J te;j Ml;rpfs; ,];yhkpa
tplakhFk;. r%ff;fsj;ij ,ay;ig nkJ nkJthf ,of;f
khw;wpaikg;gjw;F gy;NtW toptif Muk;;gpj;jd.
fisf; iff;nfhz;Lk; mtu;fshy;
ngUk; Gul;rpia Vw;gLj;j Kbatpy;iy. Fwpg;ghf ,];yhkpa mwpQu;fSf;Fk;
,q;F typAWj;j tUtJ egp (]y;) Ml; r pahsh; f Sf; F k; ,ilapyhd
mtu;fs; EGt;tj;Jf;F Kd;dpUe;Nj ,ilntsp nkd; NkYk; tpupthf;f
fsj; j py; ,aq; f papUf; f pd; w hu; f s; kilfpd; w J. ed; i kia Vtpj;
vd;gNjahFk;. jPikiaj; jLf;f Kide;j
mwpQu;fis Ml;rpahsu;fs;
,Wjpapy; r%fj;ij tpl;Lk; rw;W rpiwg; g Lj; j pAk; > ehLflj; j pAk;
xJq; F fpd; w hu; f s; . `puhf; F iff; F j z ; l i d f ; F l ; g L j ; j p d u ; . , k h k ;
nrd; W r%fj; i jAk; mjd; kP J mg+`dPgh> ,khk; m`;kj;> ,khk;
gbe;Js;s fiufisAk; ,g;D ijkpah
gw;wp MokhfNt rpe;jpf;f mwpQu;fs; murpay;> r%f Nghd; N whu; g l; l
M u k ; g p f ; f p d ; w h u ; f s ; . tptfhuq;fspNyh murpay;thjpfs; J d ; g q ; f s ;
Vwf;Fiwa %d;W ,jw;F rpwe;j
t U l q ; f s h f khu;f;f tplaq;fspNyh <LgLtij cjhuzq; f sh
gilg;ghsd;> gpugQ;rk;> jtpu;e;J nfhz;ldu;. murpay;> Fk;.
kdpjd;> r%fk; Nghd;w r%ff; fsq;fs; khu;f;f top
ajhu;j;jq;fs; Fwpj;j fhl; l iy tp l ; L k; J}ukhfp f ; my;Fu;Md;
Mokhd rpe;jidapy; nfhz;Nl nrd;w mNj Ntis gilf;fg;gl;lj
<LgLfpwhu;fs;.%d;W y;y> mJ
t U l q ; f s h f M o ; e ; j mwpQu;fs; ,ghjj;> epfh`;> jyhf; my; y h`; t pd;
rpe; j idapy; jd; i d Nghd;w jdpahu; rl;lq;fspNy jkJ fyhk; vd; w
<LgLj; j pf; nfhz; l M a ; T f i s mikj;Jf; f U j ; i j
egpath;fs; j d J nfhz;ldu;. typAWj;jpa
ehw; g jhtJ tajpy; ,khk; m`;kj;
ghupa rpe;jidia K / j ] p
Rke;jtu;fshf r%ff; fsj;jpDs; yhf;fspd; rpe;jidia kWj;J tpl;lhu;
kPz;Lk; gpuNtrpf;fpwhu;fs;. vd;w Fw;wr; rhl;by; fyPghtpdhy; gy
r%f khw;wk; gw;wpa jdJ tUlq; fs; rpiwg;gLj;jg;;gLfpd;whu;.
rpe;jidapy; ngUk; khw;wk; ,f;fhy fl;lj;jpy; ,];yhkpa mwpQu;
Vw;gl;bUg;gij egpatu;fs; czh;e;J fs; murpay;> r%f tptfhuq;fspy;
nfhs; f pd; w hu; f s; . %d; W tUl jiyapLtij ,ad;wsT jtpu;j;Nj
Ma;tpd;gpd; Gjpa rpe;jidNahL te; j du; . etP d fhy ,]; y hkpa
fsj;Jf;F kPz;l egpath;fs; FWfpa mwpQu;fSs; xUtuhd fyhepjp mg;Jy;
fhyj;jpDs;Ns ngUk; khw;wj;ij `kPj; mg+ ]{iykhd; Fwpg;gpLtJ
Vw;gLj;jp tpLfpd;whu;fs;. egpatu; Nghy; “rpe;jid ,af;fk;> murpay;
fisj; njhlh;e;J te;j ehd;F , a f ; f k ; vd;w ,Utifahd
fyP g hf; f Sk; jkJ Ml; r pfis , a f ; f q ; f s ; ,f;fhyj;jpNyNa
rpwg;ghfNt mikf;f Kad;wdu;. Kjy;
,uz;L fyPghf;fsJ Ml;rpfSk; Njhd;wpd” vd;fpd;whu;.
mwpQu;fs; murpay;> r%f tptfhuq; r%ff; fsj;ij tpl;nlhJq;fpa
fspNyh murpay;thjpfs; khu;f;f ,khk; f];]hyp ~hk; gpuNjrj;jpy;
tplaq; fspNyh <LgLtij jtpu;e;J fpl;lj; jl;l 10 tUlq;fshf jdJ
nfhz;ldu;. murpay;> r%ff; fsq;fs; Ma;T Kaw;rpfspy; <LgLfpd;whu;fs;;.
khu;f;f top fhl;liy tpl;Lk; J}ukhfpf; egpatu; fSila Ma;T %d;W
nfhz;Nl nrd;w mNj Ntis tUlq;fshf mika ,khk;
mwpQu;fs; ,ghjj;> epfh`;> jyhf; f];]hypAila Ma;T gj;J
Nghd;w jdpahu; rl;lq;fspNy jkJ tUlq; f is vLf; f pd; w J.“`hfjh
Ma;Tfis mikj;Jf; nfhz;ldu;. où [PY ]yh`pj;jPdp t `hfjh
Mjjpy; Fj;];” vd;w Gj;jfj;jpd; Mrpup
,khk; f];]hyp tsh;;e;J te;j fhyg; auhd fyhepjp kh[pj; ,u;]hd;
gphptpYk; ,Nj epiyikjhd; r%fj;jpy; my;ifyhdp ,khk; f];]hypapd;
,ioNahbf; fhzg;gl;lJ. mwpQu; Ma;tpd; fUit ,uz;lhfg;
fSf;Fk; Ml;rpahsu;fSf;Fk; kj;jpap gpupf;fpd;whu;.
ypUe;j njhlh;G Kw;whfNt mWgl;Lf;;
fhzg;gl;lJ. khu;f;fk; NtW> murpay; 01. egpatu;fs; cUthf;fpa ,];yhkpa
NtW vd;w fUj;J $l r%fj;jpy; Mo r%fj;jpw;Fk; jw;fhy r%fj;jpw;Fkpil
khfNt gjpe;jpUe;j fhyk; mJ. apyhd Xu; Xg;gPl;lha;T.
mwpQu;fs; vd;w ngah;g;gyifia 02. ,J tiuapyhd jdJ fsr;nraw;
KJfpy; xl;bf; nfhz;l rpyu; ghl;bd; cz;ikahd cs Nehf;F.
muru;fsJ mlhtbj;jdq;fSf;Fk;>
gpioahd topKiwfSf;Fk; gr;irf; ,t;tpU fUg;nghUl;fisAk; ,khk;
nfhb fhl; b f; nfhz; L jkJ f];]hyp kpf MokhfNt Ma;Tf;
gpiog; g +jpaj; J f; F khu; f ; f j; i jg; Fl;gLj;Jfpd;whu;. ,tUila gj;J
gad;gLj;jpdu;. tUl Ma;it “,`;ahc cY}kpj;jPd”;
,khk; f];]hyp jd;id epohkpa;ah vDk; ngUk; nghf;fp~j;jpy;
gy; f iyf; f ofj; j py; Mrpupauhf mtjhdpf;ff; $bajhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
Nrh;j;Jf; nfhz;l fhyk;. r%fj; ~hkpy; itj;J gj;J tUlq;fshf
jsj;jpy; khw;wq;fisf; nfhz;L tu Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Kaw;rpapd; tpisNt
Ntz;Lk; vd;w Ntl;ifapy; rpy ,`;ahc cY}kpj;jPd; vDk; EhyhFk;.
tUlq;fshf gzpiaj; njhlh;e;jhYk; Nkw;$wpa ,U fUg;nghUl;fSk;
mtu;fshy; ngUk; khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;j ,e;E}ypy; kpf tpupthfNt
Kbatpy;iy. egpatu;fs; vt;thW Ngrg;gl;Ls;sd.
fsj;ij tpl;L xJq;fp mJ gw;wpa 10 tUlq;fs; fopj;J GjpaNjhu; rpe;j
Ez;ikahd Ma;tpd; gpd; kPz;Lk; idia Rke;jtuhf kPz;Lk; fsj;jpy;
fsj; j py; Fjpj; j hu; f Nsh mJ Fjpf;fpd;whu;. ,khk; f];]hyp ,f;fhy
Nghd;wnjhU topKiwia fl;lj;jpy; ,khktu;fs; vOjpa
gpd;gw;WtNj r%fkhw;wk; gw;wpa Gj;jfk; 10 tUlq;fspy; mtu;
njspitj; jUk; vd;w KbTf;F mile;j rpe;jidj; njspit vkf;Fg;
tUfpd;whu;.
glk; gpbj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ. “my;Kd;fpj;
gpd;tUk; `jPN] mtiu newpg; kpdo;oyhy;”-topNfl;bypUe;J
gLj;jpaJ : fhg;ghw;wpatd;- vd;w Gj;jfj;jpd;
“topg;gLfpd;w jd;dyk;> jiyg;Ng mtUs; Vw;gl;l rpe;jid
kNdh,r;iriag; gpd;gw;wy;> cyif khw;wj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
Nkyhf kjpj;jy;> fUj;Jr; nrhy;yf;
$ba xt;nthUtUk; jk; fUj;jpNyNa Gjpa rpe;jidNahL r%ff; fsj;jpy;
gpbthjkhf ,Uj;jy; ,t;thwhd kPz;Lk; Eioe;j ,khk; f];]hyp kpf
epiyik ,Ue;jhy; nghJ Kf;fpakhf Nkw;$wpa ,U
tptfhuq;fis tpl;L tpl;L cdJ gzpfisAk; jiyaha ,yf;Ffshff;
jdpg;gl;l tplaq;fspNyNa eP ftdk; nfhz;lhu; vd fyhepjp kh[pj; ,u;]hd;
nrYj;J” (jpu;kpjp> mg+jht+j;) Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;.
01. GjpaNjhu; mwpQu; guk;giu ,q;F ,khk; f];]hyp gpd;gw;wpa
murh;fSf;F thyhl;lf; $ba “fsj;ij tpl;L gpd;thq;FjYk;>
mwpQu; fis rupahfNt ,dq;fz;L Ez;ikahd Ma;tpd;gpd; kPz;Lk;
nfhz;l ,khk; f];]hyp GjpaNjhu; fsj;jpw;F tUjYk;” vd;w Nfhl;ghL
mwpQu; guk;giuapd; mtrpaj;ij egp (]y; ) mtu; f spd; j/th
czu;fpwhu;. Mo;e;j rpe;jid> J}a topKiwNa vd;gij egpatu;fs;
vz;zk; Mfpa ,U gz;GfisAk; xU `puhit Nehf;fp gpd;thq;fp aijAk;>
Nrug; ngw; w tu; f Ns cUthf; f g; VyNt $wpa `jPi]Ak; itj;J
glNtz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fpy; mg; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;syhk;.
guk;giuia cUthf;f vj;jdpj;jhu;.
j/thf; fsj;jpy; ,Uf;fpd;w xt;
,tu; cUthf;fpa gapw;rpg; nthU ,af; f Kk; > epWtdKk;
ghriwapd; jhf;fk; ,khk; mg;Jy; ,f;Nfhl; ghl;il jkJ rpe;jidf;F
fhjpu; [P y hdp Nghd; w ngUk; vLj;J eil Kiwg;gLj;JtJ mjd;
mwpQu;fspy; gpujpgspf;fpd;wJ. mGy; vjpu;fhy tsh;r;rpf;F toptFf;Fk;
fj;jhg;> ,g;D cify;> mg;Jy; fuPk; vd;gjpy; re;Njfkpy;iy. ,yq;ifapd;
mu;uh]p> ]mj; ,g;Dy; g];]hu;> r%ff; f sk; gw; w pa fle; j fhy
K`k;kj; ,g;D a`;ah Nghd;w mDgtq;fNshhL ,d;iwa
mwpQu;fs; ,khk; f];]hypapd; epiyikfisAk; Ma;Tf;Fl;gLj;jp
ghriwapNyNa thu;f;fg;gl;ltu;fs.; vjpu; fhyj;jpw;fhd tpa+fq;fis
Nkw;$wpa ,U gz;GfisAk; ngw;w tFg;gJ ,d;wpaikahj xd;whfNt
mwpQu; guk;giuia cUthf;fpaJ cs;sJ.
mtuJ rpe;jid gy ghfq; fSf;Fk;
guTtjw;Fk; VJthf ,Ue;jJ. 50>30 tUlq;fs; jhz;ba vkJ
,af;f> epWtdq;fsJ mDgtk;
02. %y Nehia ,dq;fhzy; ,d;wpaikahjJ. md;iwa> ,d;iwa
10 tUlq;fshf r%fj;ij Ma;Tf; ,yq;if kz;zpd; ,ay;G> tsh;r;rp
Fl;gLj;jpa ,khktu;fs; mjd; %y tPjk;> Vw;gl;l NfhshWfs;> vjpu;fhyj;
Nehia RUf;fkhff; $Wtjhapd; jpw;fhd Jy;ypakhd jpl;lq;fs;>
“Njhy;tpf;fhd jahu; epiy” vdf; mq; f j; j tu; f is gapw; W tpj; j ypd;
Fwpj; J f; fhl; b dhu; . mjhtJ ntw;wp> Njhy;tp Nghd;w gFjpfs; kpf
r%fkhdJ vy;yhj; JiwfspYk; Mokhf Muhag;gl Ntz;bait.
tPo;r;rpAw;W jhkhfNt eypTw;wpUf;Fk; “fsj;ij tpl;L gpd;thq;FjYk;
epiyNa ,J thFk;. ve;j r%fk; ,g; Ez;ikahd Ma;tpd;gpd; kPz;Lk;
gupjhg epiyf; Fw;gLNkh mr; fsj;jpw;F tUjYk;” vd;w Nfhl;ghL
r%fj;ij Vida r%fq; fs; jk; ,d;iwa fhyj;jpw;F kpf mtrpakhd
Mjpf; f j; j pd; fP o ; nfhz; L tu xd;whfNt fUjg;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ.
Kaw;rpf;Fk; vd;gij tpsf;fpa ,khk;
f];]hyp kpf fhurhukhfNt jd;
r%fj;ij tpku;rpf;fpd;whu;.
r%fj;jpy; Vw;gl;Ls;s gpd;dilT
fisAk; mjw;fhd fhuzq;fisAk;
Muha;e;j ,khk; f];]hyp
mtw;Wf;fhd gupfhuq;fisAk; tpsf;fp
nraw;gLj;j Kide;jhu.; r%fj;ij
Nehf;fpa jdJ tpku;rdj;ij ntWk;
Fw;wr;rhl;lhf Kd;itf;fhky;
mjw;Fwpa gupfhuj;ij Ak; Nru;j;Nj
Kd;itj;jhu;. vdNt tuyhw;wpy; ngUk;
Gul; r pia Vw; g Lj; j mtu; f shy;
KbAkhf ,Ue;jJ.

Xu; ,];yhkpa mZFKiw
(face book : An Islamic Approach)
Nf.vr;. m]hk; m`kl; E-Mail : azam.ahamed@gmail.com
,izaj;jpd; (Internet) cgNahfk; ,t;tifapy; ,d;W cynfq;Fk;

,d;W mgptpUj;jpaile;j ,izaj;ij cgNahfpg;Nghh;fspy;
ehLfspypUe;J twpa ehLfs; tiu> facebook (www.facebook.com) vd;w
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fzdpfspypUe;J ifalf;fj; mwpe;jpuhjtu;fs; mwpnjd;Nw Fwpg;gpl
njhiyNgrpfs; tiu vq;Fk; KbAk;. facebook vd;gJ xU r%f
tpahgpj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. Kd;ndg;NghJk; tiyg; g pd; d y; (Social Networking)
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ifapYk; ngUk;ghyhd fpuhkq;fspy; “`hthu;l;” gy;fiyf;fof (Harvard
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fle;j rpy jrhg;jq;fshf ,izak; gy;fiyf;fof ez;gu;fshd “l];bd;
kw;Wk; jfty; njhopy; El;gk; Mfpa nkh];Nfhtpl;]”; (Dustin Mostkoviz)
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gyUk; ,f;fhyg; gphpit “jfty; kw;Wk; ,izaj; jsk; gpd;du; gbg;gbahf
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tha;e;jJkhd ,izaj;jskhf ,J $bajhfTk; ,J fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
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re;ijg; ngWkjp (Market Value) 05 vd jPh;g;Gf; $w ,f;fl;Liu Kida
gpy;ypad; nlhyh;fSf;Fk; mjpfnkd tpy;iy. facebook vd;gJ xU ntw;W
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njhlu;Gfis Vw;gLj;jTk; kw;Wk; ,f;fl;Liu Ma;fpd;wJ.
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rk;gtq;fs; eilngWfpd;wd vd;gNj trdq;fis nrtpkLf;f Neupl;ljhy;
cz;ikahFk;. ,yq;ifapYk; mtu;fspd; tho;tpy; Vw;gl;l ghupa
ngUk;ghyhd K];ypk; ,isQu;> jpUg;gk; Nghd;W> ,d;~h my;yh`;
Atjpfs; ,jpy; mq;fj;jtu;fshf ,f;Fu;Md; trdq;fisAk;
cs;sdu;. Mdhy; Jujp~;ltrkhf `jP];fisAk; vNjr;irahfNtDk;
mtu;fspy; ngUk;ghyhNdhu; vjpu; thrpf;f NeupLk; khw;Wkj
ghyhUld; el; g pid Vw; g Lj; j pf; rNfhjuh;fspd;> Vd; vkJ K];ypk;
nfhz;L mtu;fSld; mehtrpakhd rNfhjuh;fspd; tho;tpYk; $l mit
fUj;Jg; gwpkhw;wq;fspy; <LglNt xU jpUg;gj;ij Vw;gLj;jf; $Lk;.
MdhYk; facebook xU gpj;dhTila
fsk; vd;gjdhy;> mjpy; Fu;Md; trdq; ,t;tpizaj; jsj;jpYs;s ,d;D
fisNah `jP];fisNah ,LtJ nkhU Kf;fpakd gFjpjhd; facebook
mtw;wpd; Gdpjj; jd;ikf;F fsq;fk; “Pages” vd;gjhFk;. cyfpd; jiy
Vw;gLj;Jk; vd rpyu; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdu;. rpwe; j ,]; y hkpa mwpQu; f s; >
vdpDk; ,f;fUj;J Vw;Gilajy;y. K[h`pJ}d; f s; Nghd; N whUf; f hd
Vnddpy; vq;F jPa nray;fs; mjpfkhf jdpahd gf;fq;fs; (Pages) ,jpy;
eilngWfpd; w dNth> mq; F jhd; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. cjhuz khf ,khk;
ey;yijg; Nghjpf;f Ntz;Lk; MfNt `]d; my;gd;dh> ~`Pj; n]a;apj;
facebook ,y; Fu;Md; trdq;fisAk; FJg;> n~a;f; m`;kj; ah]Pd;> a`;ah
`jP];fisAk; ,LtjhdJ mtw;wpd; ma;ah~; NkYk; rkfhy mwpQu;
Gdpjj;jd;ikf;F vt;tpj fyq;fj;ijAk; fyhepjp n~a;f; a+]{g; my; fu;shtp
Vw;gLj;jg; Nghtjpy;iy. kw;Wk; gyuJ jdpahd gf;fq;fSk;
cs; s lq; F fpd; w d. ,yq; i fiar;
NkYk; ,t;tpizaj;jsj;jpy; fhzg; Nrh;e;j n~a;f; kd;]{u; vd;gtuJ
gLk; kw;WnkhU gFjp “Notes” gf;fKk; $l ,q;Nf fhzg;gLfpwJ.
vd;gjhFk;. ,g;gFjpapy; ,];yhk;
njhlu;ghd fl;LiufisAk; ,tw;wpy; ehk; vkf;F tpUg;ghd
gj;thf;fisAk; ,l;L mtw;iw jkJ mwpQu; fspd; mgpkhdpfshf (Fans)
ez;gu;fSld; gfpu;e;J nfhs;sTk; khWtjd; %yk; mtu;fs; gw;wpa
KbAk;. jfty;fis mwpe;J nfhs;sTk;>
mtu;fsJ mz;ika nry;newpfs;>
,jpy; cs;s ,d;DnkhU trjpjhd; vjpu;fhy nraw;jpl;lq;fs; vd;gtw;iw
,jpy; Mapuf;fzf;fhd
facebook “Groups” mwpe;J nfhs;sTk;> NkYk;
FOf;fs; gy;NtW ngau;fSld; mt;twpQu;fspd; tPbNah ciufs;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. cjhuzkhf “Who is Nghd;wtw;iwg; ghu;itaplTk; KbAk;.
a muslim woman?” vd;w xU FO
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jpy; ,ize;J ,J Nghd;W Facebook ,izaj;
mq;fj;jtu;fshf ,Ug;gtu;fs; jsj;ij vt;thW ,];yhkpa
,];yhj;jpy; ngz;fs; njhlu;ghd j/thtpw;fhf gad;gLj;jyhk;
fUj;Jg;gwpkhw;wq;fspYk; vd;gjw;F cjhuzq;fis mLf;fpf;
fye;Jiuahly;fspYk; <LgLfpd;wdu;. nfhz;Nl Nghfyhk;. ,t;tz;zk;
mNj Nghd;W ,];Nuypd; gy];jPd ,yj;jpudpay; j/thtpy;; (E-Dawah)
Mf;fpukpg;gpw;F vjph;g;Gj; njuptpf;Fk; fhj;jpukhd gq;F tfpf;ff; $ba xU
KfkhfTk; mJ njhlu;ghd Clfkhf Facebook ,izaj;jsk;
nra;jpfisg; gupkhwpf; nfhs;tjw;Fkhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. MfNt khw;wk;
“Anti Israel Force” vd;w FO Nehf;fpa “efu;T” fUj;jpw;
fhzg; g Lfpd; w J. ,J Nghd; w nfhs;sg;glf; $ba xUfpis mk;rkhf
vz;zpylq;fhj FOf;fs; ,jidf; fUjyhk;.
fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

Muk;g fhy
K];ypk;fspd; vOr;rpAk;
vkJ rkfhy epiyAk;
myp ,];]j; gpNfhgpr; (u`;)
4k; ,jopy; gpuRukhd fl;Liuapd;

njhlu;. fl;Liu Mrpupau; ngh];dpah
je;j jiy rpwe;j rpe;jidahsu;
myp ,];]j; gpNfhgpr; (w`;)
,];yhk; fp.gp. 610 ,y; md;W tho;e;j vfpg;Jk; 641 ,y; ifg;gw;wg;gl;ld.
ehfuPfq;fSf;Fupa kf;fspd; jiy rku;fe; 676 ,Yk; ];ngapd; 710 ,Yk;
efuq;fSf;Fj; Jhuj;jpy; ifg;gw;wg;gl;ld. fp.gp720,y;
mwpahikkpf; f Nfhj; j puq; f Sf; F ,];yhkpag; gilfs; gpuhd;]py; jLj;J
kj;jpapy; Njhd;wpaJ. ,iwj;Jhju; epWj;jg;gl;ld. 729y; ,];yhkpag;
(]y;) fp.gp 632 ,y; ,iwab gpur;rhufu;fs; rPdhit mile;J mjd;
Nru;e;jhu;;fs;. Mdhy; mjpypUe;J 100 kd;dd; jha;]{q;fplk; fyPghtpd;
Mz;Lfs; nry;Yifapy;> mjhtJ fbjj;ij rkh;g;gpf;fpd;wdu;. kd;ddplk;
rupahf fp.gp 732 ,y; ,];yhkpag; ,];yhkpag; gpur;rhuj;jpw;fhd
gilfs; ghup]pd; Nfhl;ilfSf;F mDkjpiaAk; ngWfpd;wdu;. gpd;du;
mUfhikapy; G+jpuP]h Aj;jfsj;jpy; mth; fs; ‘fhd;ld;’ vd;w khfhzj;jpy;
epd;wd! tho;T vt;thW tPupak; nfhz;L gs;spnahd;iwAk; eph;khzpf;fpd;wdh;.
Gayhf vOe;NjhbAs;sJ vd;gij ,d;W tiuapy; mg;gs;sp epd;W
,jpypUe;J Gupayhk;. ,e;j EhW Mz;L epiyf;fpwJ. cyfpd; mg; gFjpapd;
fhy ,g;ngUk; gha;r;rypDs;Ns vd;d kpfg; gioa gs;sp mJNtahFk;.
epfo;e;jJ vdg; ghu;g;Nghk;;.
,e;j vOr;rp my;yJ “kdpj
mg;NghJ Vida ehfuPfq;fs; rf;jpfis tpLtpj;J mtw;iw tPhpak;
midj;ijAk; tpl tpj;jpahrkhd nfhz;nlor; nra;j ,e;j epfo;Tf;F
rk;g+uzkhdnjhU ehfhPfk; Njhd;wpaJ. vq;Fk; epfh; fhz KbahJ.” (jj;Jt
xU E}w;whz;L fhy njhlh;e;j Qhdp o.spengler) kdpj tuyhw;wpy;
,af;fj;jpD}Nl Mf;fj;jpw;Fk; jdpj;JtkhdnjhU epfo;thfNt ,J
mopTf;Fk; kj;jpapy; me;ehfhPfj;jpw;F gjpT ngw;Ws;sJ. ,t;thW muG
mbj;jskplg;gl;lJ. mg;gue;j jPgfw;gk; khh;f;fnkhd;wpd; Cw;whf Tk;;
epyg;gug;gpy; tho;e;j ehfhPf r%fq;fs; kdpj ehl; l j; j pd; %ykhfTk;
khh;f;fj;jpd; gyj;jhYk;> mwpTg; mf;fhyg;gphptpy; mike;jJ vd H.G.Wels
gyj;jhYk; Ml;nfhs;sg;gl;ld!
“cyf tuyhW” vd;w jdJ E}ypy;
rphpah fp.gp. 634 ypYk>; lk];f]; 635 th;zpf;fpwhh;. fp.gp. 655 ,y; K];ypk;
,Yk; ifg;gw;wg;gl;ld. ,e;jpahTk; flw;gil Nuhkflw;gilia
yhj;jpfpahtpd; mUfpy; ele;jnjhU mile;Jtpl;lhy; ifjpfNshL kpFe;j
Aj;jj;jpy; Kwpabf;fpwJ. Mdhy; ,d;W kdpjhgpkhdj;NjhL mtu; ele;J
tiuapy; mugpfs; mj;jifanjhU nfhs;thh;. fhl;L kpuhz;bj;jdkhd
flw;gilia vq;fpUe;J ngw;whh;fs; elj;ijfSf;Fk; mtu;fLk; vjpupahf
vd; g J njspthf tpsf; f g; g l ,Ue;jhh;. kpfg; ngUk; gzpfs; GhpaNt
KbahkNyNa cs;sJ. jk; rf;jpia mtu; gpuNahfpj;jhh;.
,e;jpahtpd; midj;Jg; gFjpfspYk;
fyPgh KMtpah ,g;D mgP ]{g;ahd; mtu; ghlrhiyfis epWtpdhu;. mtuJ
fp.gp.662-667,y; nfhz; ] ; j hd; J Ml;rpia mopj;j Mq;fpNyah;fs; Ghpe;J
Nehgpis Kw;WifapLfpwhu;. fyPgh nfhz;lJ Nghy; mtu; jhk; nra;j
mg;Jy; kypf;> tyPjpd; (fp.gp. 625 - 715) ,g;gzp apd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijg; Ghpe;J
fhyg;gphptpy; fpyhgj; Nkw;Nf nghPdp nfhs;stpy;iy. Mdhy; mtu;jd;
kiyj; njhlh;fs; Jtf;fk; fpof;Nf Fbkf;fspd; RgPl;rj;jpw;fhf
rPdhtpd; vy;iy tiu gue;Jgl;L Mq;fpNyah;fis tpl kpf mjpf khfg;
epw;fpwJ. ];ngapdpYk;> kj;jpa fpof;fp gzp Ghpe;jhh;. (fyhepjp SCHMLIDT -
Yk;> ,e;jpahtpYk;> Fh;Jgh> gf;jhj;> cyf tuyhW)
by; y p vd; w mtw; w pd; kj; j pa
epiyaq;fNshL 1000 tUlq;fs; mJ mf;gh; ~htpd; Nguh; mt;uq;frPg; (1658-
epiyj;J epw;fpd;wJ. 700 Mz;LfSf;F 1707)KO ,e;jpahitAk; xU Filapd;
Nkyhf ];ngapdpy; mjd; tuyhW fPo; Mz;l Ml;rpahsuhf ,Ue;jhh;. ,J
fhzh kpf cah; e ; j > cd; d j ePz;l fhyj;jpd; Kd;dhy; ele;j xU
ehfhPfj;ijj; Njhw;Wtpj;j ,];yhk; epfo;ty;y vd;gjid thrfu;fs;
mq; f pUe; J INuhg; g pa nfhû ftdj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;!
ePjpkd;wj;jpd; njhlh; jhf;Fjyhy;
gpd;thq;fp te;j NghJ kj;jpahrpahtpy; K];ypk;fs; jk; MSiff;Fl;gl;l
mjd; mU@w;Wfs; gutp tphpe;jd. epyg; gFjpfis mopj;njhopf;ftpy;iy.
gpwF mJ nfhd;];jhe;J NehgpisAk; khw;wkhf jk; MSiff;Fl;gl;l
Ml; n fhz; l J. ghy; f d; Clhf r%fq;fSf;F kj;jpapy;
INuhg;ghtpYk; gutyhapw;W. tsh;r;rpAw;wpUe;j fiyfis
jkjhf;fpf; nfhz;lhh;fs;. mtw;iw
,e;jpahtpd; tuyhw;wpNyNa kpfr; tsh;j;jhh;fs;. mLj;j r%fq;fSf;F
rpwg;G kpf;f tsq;nfhopf;Fk; fhyg;gpupT mtw;iwf; nfhLj;jhh;fs;.
vd th; z pf; f g; g l; l (U.G. WELS)
,];yhkpa Ml;rp mjhtJ nkhfyhau; K];ypk;fspd; ,g; nghJ elj;ijf;F
Ml;rp (1526-1707) me; ehl;bypUe;J 300 Kjw; fhuzk; ,];yhj;jpd;
Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dhy; gpd;thq;fpaJ. NghjidfSk; mjd; capNuhl;lKNk
rw; N wwj; j ho ,Nj fhyg; g phptpy; ahFk; vd;gjpy; re;Njf kpy;iy. xU
mjhtJ fp.gp. 1682 ,y; c];khdpag; Nuhk kd;dd; “xU fhl;L kpuhz;b>
gilfs; ,Wjp Kiwahf ehfhPfthil mw;wth;” vdf;fz;l
tpad;dhit Kw;Wifapl;ld. jsgjp rkhjhd xg;ge;jj;jpd; NghJ
“fpNuf;f Vl;Lr; Rtbfis thq;Fk;
cz;ikia XusT neUf;fkhff; cupik” xg;ge;j ~u;j;jpy; Nrh;f;fg;gl
fhl;l rpy tuyhw;W cz;ikfis Ntz;Lnkd epd;w NghJ kpFe;j
,q;Nf jUfpd;Nwd;. nkhfyha ngUk; Mr;rhpag;gl;Lg; Nghdhd;. me;jf;
FLk;gj;jpy; xUtuhd mf;gh; ~h
,e;jpa tuyhw;wpd; kpfg; ngUk; “fhl; L kpuhz; b j; jsgjp” NtW
kd;dh;fspy; xUtu;. kdpj tuyhw;wpy; ahUkpy;iy. mtu; Xu; mugp K];ypk;.
Njhd; w pa ngUk; kd; d h; f spy; ,];yhkpau;fs; ig]he;jpauplkpUe;J
xUtuhfTk; mtiuf; nfhs;syhk;. fz;zhbj; njhopiyAk;> vfpg;jpauplkp
mth; cUthf;fpa Ml;rp mikg;Gf;fspy; Ue;J gUj;jpj;njhopiyAk;> ghurPfuplkp
rpy ,d;W tiuapy; epiyj;jpUf;fpwd. Ue;J gl;L Mf;fj; njhopiyAk; fw;Wf;
mtu; Aj;j fsj;jpy; kpfg; nghpa tPuh;. nfhz;ldu;.ig]he;jpaUk;>vfpg;jpaUk;>
Mdhy; Aj;jk; Kbe;J vjpupfs; Njhy;tp ]h]hdpaUk; Glitj; njhopypy; mf;
fhyj;jpy; kpFe;j gpurpj;jp vd rpy fzpg;gPLfs; $Wfpd;wd. mf;
ngw;wpUe;jdu;. K];ypk;fs; Glit fhyg; ;gphptpy; cyfpd; kpfg; ngUk;
nea;jypy; mNj juj;ijg; NgZtjpy; efukhf mJ fhzg;gl;lJ. ‘nu];yh;’
ntw;wp fz;ldu; vd;W nu];yu; ,];yhkpa ehfhPfj;jpd; ghJfhtyuhff;
tpsf;Ffpwhu;. fhzg;gl;l `h&d; u~Pj; gw;wp
tpsf;Fk; NghJ fPo;tUkhW $Wfpwhu;.
gpuhd;]pd; “Nyhtu;’ ag;ghdpd;
“if]hp” Mfpa gok; nghUl; “`h&d; u~Pjpd; kpfg; ngUk;
fhl; r prhiyfs; mf; fhyj; j py; MSik kpfg; ngUk; mwpQh;fisAk;
nea;ag;gl;l rpy Glitfis ,d;W fhe;jk; Nghy; fth;e;jpOj;jJ. mtu; jd;
tiu ghJfhf;fpd;wd. mit rigapy; tpj;jpahrkhdnjhU
mNu g pa u pd ; nea ;jy; njhopw ; ghuhSkd; w j; i jf; nfhz; b Ue; j hh; .
jpwikf;fhd rpy khjphpfshFk;. ftpQu;fs;> rl;l mwpQu;fs;>
fz;zhbg; nghUl;fs; nra;jypy; itj;jpau;fs;> nkhop ty;Ydu;fs;>
mugpaupd; Ntiyg; g hl; L EZf; ,irj; Jiw ty;Ydu;fs;> fiyQu;fs;
fj;ijAk;> jpwidAk; ,d;W tiuapYk; ,g;gb ahd tpj;jpahrkhd gyh; mjpy;
ahuhYk; Ghpe;J nfhs;s Kbatpy;iy. mq;fk; tfpj;jdh;. ve;j kd;didr;
]hkpuhtpYk;> G];jhj;jpYk; #oTk; ,g;gb gy;Jiw epGzu;fs;
nra;ag;gl;l mj;jifa mw;Gjkhd ,Ue;jjhf tuyhW ,J tiu gjpT
fz;zhbg; nghUl;fspd; khjphpfs; nra;atpy;iy. Vnddpy; `h&d;
rpytw;iw “Nyhtu;”; gok; u~Pjpd; fhyk; cah;e;j ehfhPfk;
nghUl;fhl;rprhiyAk; > gphpj;jhdpa nfhz;ljhfTk;> kpFe;j rfpg;Gj; jd;ik
gok; nghUl;fhl;rprhiyAk; ,d;W tiu nfhz;ljhfTk; fhzg;gl;lJ.
ghJfhf; f pd; w d. muG ,urhaz
tpayhsu; f Ns Kjd; Kjypy; mtuJ kfd; fyPgh k/%dpd; fhyg;
rtu;f;fhuj;ijf; fz;Lgpbj;J mjw;fhd gphptpy; gjpNdhuhapuk; fpwp];jtf;
njhopw; r hiyfisAk; epWtpdu; . Nfhapy;fSk;> E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd a+j>
mg; g h]pa fyP g hf; f spd; ke; j php k[{]pa tzf;f];jyq;fSk;
gjtpapypUe;j ‘gy;s; my; gu;kfp’Na fhzg;gl;ld.
gf;jhjpy; Kjd; Kjypy; fhfpjj;
njhopw;rhiyia epWtpdhh;. rPdhtpy; fp.gp. 1065 ,y; ];jhgpf;fg;gl;l
fz;L gpbf;fg;gl;l fhfpj cw;gj;jpia epyhkpah gy;fiyf; fofk; fpyhgj;jpd;
K];ypk;fNs tsu;j;J mjptpiutpy; ngUk; efh;fspy; fy;tp ];jhgdq;fs;
];ngapd; Clhf INuhg;ghtpd; gy mikf; f g; g l Xh; cjhuzkhf
ghfq;fSf;Fk; gug;gpdh;. mj;NjhL mike;jJ. mg; gy;fiyf;fofq;fs;
rkh;fe;j; K];ypk; efuNk cyfpNy my;Fh;Md;> `jP]; fiyfisAk;
kpfj; jukhd fhfpjq;fis ePz;l ,];yhkpa rl;lj; ijAk; Fwpg;ghf
fhykhf cw;gj;jp nra;J te;jJ. ~hgp< kj;ìgAk; fw;Wf; nfhLj;jd.
mj;NjhL mq;Nf nkhop> ,yf;fpak;>
Mapuj;Njhu; ,uTf; fijapd; tuyhW gy; N tW r%fq; f spd;
fdTyfhfr; rpj;jupf;fg;gLk; gf;jhij ehfhPfq;fs;> thdtpay;>
<uhf; i f ifg; g w; w pajd; gpwF fzpjtpay;>,urhazk;>ngsjPftpay;>
K];ypk;fs; jpl;lkpl;L eph;khzpj; nghwpapay; ,J Nghd;w gy;NtW
jpUe;jhu;fs;. Guhzq; fspy; tUk; fiyfSk; fw;gpf;fg;gl;ld. epyhkpa;ah
fjhehafd; Nghd;W th;zpf; fg;gLk; gy;fiyf;fofk; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;;L xU
fyPgh `h&d; u~Pjpd; Ml;rpapd; NghJ FWfpa fhyk; nry;y Kd;dhy;
gf;jhj; eph;khzpf;fg;gl;L 50 tUlq; ‘K];jd;]hpa;ah’ vd;w ngahpy;
fSf;F Nky; nrd;wpUf;ftpy;iy. gf;jhjpy; ,d;ndhU gy;fiyf;fofk;
vdpDk; me; efh; mwptpYk;> tsj;jpYk; Muk;gpf;fg;gl; lJ. ,];yhkpa cyfpd;
cyfpd; jiyefuhfNt tpsq;fpaJ. fy; t pf; f hd kj; j pajskhf mJ
fp.gp. 11k; E}w;whz;bd; NghJ gf;jhjpd; fhzg; g l; l J. rl; l k; > mwptpaw;
rdj; njhif 2 kpy;ypadhf ,Ue;jJ fiyfs; > ,yf; f pak; > mofpaw;
fiyfs; Nghd;w gy;NtWgl;l tpj; j pahrkhdnjhU fhl; r piaf;
fiyfs; mq; F fw; g pf; fg; g l; ld. fhz;fpNwhk;.
,f; f y; t p Kiwiag; gpd; g w; w p
Nkw;Fyfk; gpd;dh; ghhp]; “eP vq;F jpUk;gpdhYk; mwpT NjLk;
gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; fpwp];Jtj;jpd; Mh;tk; kpFe;jpUg;gijf; fhz KbAk;.
ehd; F rpe; j idg; gphpTfisAk; Mapuf;fzf;fhd gs;spfspy; Mapuf;
fw;gpj;jJ. fzf;fhd mwpQu;fspd; Fuy;fs;
xypj;Jf; nfhz;NlapUf;Fk;.
Muk;gf; fy;tp - mjhtJ f.ngh.juhju Ml; r pahsh; f spd; khspiffspy;
rhjhuzju> cah;juk; vd ,d;wiof;fg; ftpQu;fSk;> jj;Jt QhdpfSk;
gLk; fy;tp mg;NghJ gpujhdkhf epiwe;jpUe;jdh;. ghijfspy; Gtpapay;>
,ytrkhf toq;fg;gl;lJ. mf; fhyg; tuyhW> ~uPM Nghd;w gy;NtW Jiw
gphptpd; ngUk; mwpQh;fsplk; fw;f mwpQh;fis eP vjpu; nfhs;syhk;.
Mapuf;fzf;fhd khzth;fs; kf;fh> mth;fs; NkYk; mwpT Njbr; nrd;W
kjPdh> nfa;Nuh> lk];f];> gf;jhj; nfhz;bUg;gu;. ,J ,];yhkpa rpe;jid
Nghd; w efh; f Sf; F k; gpuahzk; tuyhw;wpd; kpf Kf;fpa fhyf; fl;lk;
Nkw;nfhz;L te;jdh;. mwpT Njbr; vdyhk;”. (up];yh;)
nry;Yk; ,g;gpuahzj;jpd; NghJ
mtu;fs; fle;J nry;Yk; vy;yh ,];yhk; 5 E}w;whz;Lfs; (fp.gp. 700 -
efu;fspYk; mtu;fSf;fhd czT> 1200) jdJ ehfhPf Nkk;ghl;lhy; kl;LNk
,Ug;gpl trjpfs; ,ytrkhfNt nra;J cyif Ml;rp nra;jJ. fyPgh eh]ph;
nfhLf;fg;gl;ld. NkNy ehk; Fwpg;gpl;l nkNuhf;Nfhtpd; kuhfp~; efhpy; jj;Jt
jfty;fspypUe;J fPo; tUk; KbTf;F Qhdp ,g;D U~;Jld; mhp];Nlhl;by;
tuf; $bajhf cs;sJ. gpNsl;Nlhtpd; rpe;jid gw;wp Ma;T
nra;J nfhz;bUe;j NghJ Nkw;Fyf
,];yhkpa cyfpy; fp.gp. 10>11 k; Ml;rpahsu;fSk;> gpuGf;fSk; jkf;F
E}w;whz;Lfspy; NtW ve;j vOj thrpf;fj; njhpatpy;iy vdg;
ehfhPfj;jpYk; xU NghJk; Nfl;buhj ngUik ghuhl;bf; nfhz;ldu;.
jdJ mwpTf;Fg; G+l;Lg;Nghl;Lf; nfhz;ltDk; ghu;f;fhky;

fz; i zf; FUlhf; f pf; nfhz; l tDk; vt; t hWjhd;
my;yh`;tpd; gilg;ghw;wiyAk;, gilg;Gf;fspd;
Ez;ikfisAk; mwpe;J nfhs;s KbAk;! mtNdh miye;J
jpupfpd;w ,uz;L fhy; tpyq;fhfNt filrp tiu ,Uf;fg;
Nghfpwhd;. GtpaPu;g;G tpirapd; ,ufrpaq;fs;,fl;blf;
fiyfspd; trPfuq;fs; vd;gd vt;thW tpyq;FfSf;F
tpsq;fhNjh mNjNghy; ,uz;L fhy; tpyq;Ff;Fk; mJ xU
NghJk; tpsq;fg; Nghtjpy;iy. Gtpapay; gbg;gJ
my;yh`;Tf;F nra;fpd;w gzpthd Xu; tzf;fkhFk;. re;jpu
kz;lyj;ij tyk; tUtJ my;yh`;Tf;F nra;fpd;w tpiy
kjpf;f Kbahj Xu; j];gP`hFk;.
n\a;f; my; f];]hyp

,];yhkpa cstpay; - 3
cq;fs; Foe;ijfs; ehisa jiytu;fs;
0-2 tajpy; cs-r%f Njitfs;
xU Foe;ij gpwe;j gpd;du; jha;g;
ghY}l;ly;> cupa Ngh~hf;Fkpf;f
czit toq;Fjy;>Xa;T nfhLj;jy;>
ghJfhg;gspj;jy; Nghd;wd gw;wp jha;
kpff; ftdkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
mt;thNw Xh; Foe;ij gpwe;jJ Kjy;
Foe;ijapd; tpUj;jpf; fl;lq;fis
rupahfg; Gupe;J mjw;Nfw;g
nghUj;jkhd nraw;ghLfis>
gapw;rpfis toq;Ftjw;F ngw;Nwhu;fs;
Kaw;rp vLf;f Ntz;Lk;. nghJthf njhlh;Gfis fl;bnaOg;g KbAk;.
ngw;Nwhu;fs; Foe;ijapd; tsh;r;rp vdNt Muk;gg; gUtj;jpYs;s (0-2)
vd;gij cly; Njitfis epiw Foe;ijapd; cs-r%f tpUj;jpf;
Ntw;wpf; nfhLg;gjhFk; vd jtwhf fl;lq;fis fPo;tUkhW
tpsq;fp itj;Js;sdu;. gps;isapd; tpsf;Ffpd;wdu;.
clypay; tsu;r;rp> mjw;F Njitahd cs-r%f tpUj;jp
Ngh~hf;F> clw;gapw;r;rp vd;gd fUj;Jg; ghpkhw;wKk; nkhopAk;
Kf; f pakhdjhFk; . mjid tpl gpwg;gpd; NghJ - grpj;jhy; mOk;
Kf;fpakhf ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;ba 3khjj;jpy; - Rfkhf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ
gFjp Foe; i japd; cs-r%f> kfpo;r;rpahd rj;jj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jk;
kdntOr;rp tsh;r;rpf; fl;lq;fshFk;. 5khjj;jpy; - rpW xypia vOg;Gk;
gps;isapd; cs-r%f kdntOr;rp (qhqh)
tsh;r;rpf; fl;lq;fs; rkdpiyahf 9khjj;jpy; - gy;tW tplaq;fSf;F
tpUj;jpAWk; NghNj gps;is rkepiy tpj;jpahrkhd rj;jq;fis ntspg;
kpf;f MSik (balanced personality) gLj;Jk;.
ahf tsu;r;rpailAk;. vdNt ,e;jg; 1tUlj;jpy; - vspa jdpr; nrhw;fisg;
gFjpia XusT Nehf;FNthk;. gad;gLj;jj; njhlq;Fk; (mk;kh)
gpwg;G Kjy; ,uz;L taJ 18 khjj;jpy; - rpy nrhw;fis Nru;j;Jr;
tiuAs;s gUtj;jpy; cs-r%f nrhy;Yk;.
kdntOr;rpj; Njitfis G+h;j;jp r%f elj;ijfs;
nra;tjw;F ngw;Nwhu; Kay Ntz;Lk;. 2khjj;jpy; - rpupf;Fk; NghJ mJTk;
mj; Njitfs; midj;ijAk; ,U rpupf;Fk;;
tbtq;fspy; epiwNtw;wyhk;.
9khjj;jpy;; - “,y;iy” vd;gijg; Gupe;J
01. J}z;ly; gw;wpa Njit kWnkhop njuptpf;Fk;
02. cwT gw;wpa Njit 1tUlj;jpy; - Ntz;Lk; NghJ vspa
midj; J f; Foe; i jfSk; nray;fis nra;Ak;.
jdpj;jd;ik nfhz;ltu;fs; vd;gjhy;> 2tUlj;jpy; - rpwpnjhU nraiyr;
mtu;fs; xt;nthUtupdJk; elj;ijf; nra;J> mjw;F ghuhl;Ljy; fpilj;jhy;
Nfhyq;fs; mtu;fSf;F kl;LNk kfpo;r;rpailAk;
cupajhFk; . vdpDk; vy; y hf; jw;ghJfhg;G
Foe;ijfSf;Fkhd Xh; nghJthd gpwg;gpd; NghJ - jha;g;ghiy cwpQ;rpf;
tsh;r;rp Kiwnahd;W cs;sJ vd Fbj;jy;
cstpayhsu;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdu;. 3khjj;jpy; - vy;yhtw;iwAk; thapy;
,g; n ghJ tpUj; j pf; fl; l q; f is NghLjy;
rupahfg; ngw;Nwhh; Gupe;J nfhz;lhy; 7khjj;jpy; - fbd czTfis
mjw; N fw; w J}z; l iy toq; f p tpOq;Fk;
10khjj;jpy; - Rakhf rhg;gplj; J}z;ly;fisf; nfhLj;J mjid
njhlq;Fk; rPh;nra;a Ntz;LbAs;sJ. cjhuzkhf
12khjj;jpy; - Nfhg;igiag; gpbj;J Foe;ij taJf;Nfw;w nrhw;fis>
Rakhf gUfj; njhlq;Fk; thf;fpaq;fis ntspg;gLj;j
2tUlj;jpy; - Milfis mzpAk; tpy;iyahapd; my;yJ jhkjkhf
mtjhdKk; cw;rhfKk; ntspg;gLj;Jtjhapd>; Foe;ijNahL
2khjj;jpy; - rphpj;jhy; rphpf;Fk; mbf;fb fijAq;fs;. ghly;fisg;
4khjj;jpy; - tpisahl;Lg; nghUl;fs;> ghLq;fs;. ,jdhy; Foe;ij
gy; NtW rj;jq;fspy; kPJ mtjhdk; J}z;lg;gLfpwJ. ,t;thW Foe;ijapd;
nrYj;Jjy; cs>r%f tpUj;jpahdJ ngw;Nwhhpd;
8 khjj;jpy; - jdJ nghWg;ghsu;fNshL J}z;lypy;jhd; jq;fpAs;sJ. J}z;ly;
neUq;fpa njhlu;ig Vw;gLj;jpf; vd;gJ Foe;ijapd; NjitahFk;. mJ
nfhs;sy; (jha;>Mr;rp) g+uzg;gLj;jg;gLk; NghNj rkepiy
1tUlj;jpy; - tpisahl;by; ePz;l Neuk; nfhz;l MSikahf tsu;fpwJ.
ftdk; nrYj;jy; gps;is vjpu;fhyj;jpy; tpNtfKk;>
18 khjj;jpy; - gy;NtW nghUl;fis mwpTk;> gz;ghLk; nfhz;ljhf tsh;t
gphpj;J mwpe;J nfhs;Sk;. jw;fhd mj;jpthuk; Muk;gg;
tpisahLjy; gUtj; j pNyNa ,lg; g lNtz; L k; .
1khjj;jpy; - ifapy; xd;iwf; Foe; i japd; cly; tsh; r ; r pf; F
nfhLj;jhy; gw;wpf; nfhs;Sk;. Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspg;gJ NghyNt> cs
3khjj; j py; - jdJ clNyhL tsh;r;rpf;Fk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;f
tpisahLk;. (Milia thapy; Nghly;> Ntz;Lk; vd;gij ngw;Nwhh; ed;F
tpuy;fSld; tpisahly;) Gupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;bAs;sJ. me;j
5 khjj;jpy; - rpwpa nghUl;fNshL tifapy; cs tsh;r;rpf;Fj;
tpisahLk;;. Njitahd gpujhd czT %d;W
9 khjj;jpy; - “xope;J tpisahly;” tifg;gLk;.
(I) nkhop (fijj;jy;)
tpisahl;Lf;fis nra;Ak;. (II) tpisahly;
1 tUlj;jpy; - mLj;jtiug; gpd;gw;Wk;.
(III)md;G fhl;ly;
2 tUlj;jpy; - mLj;j gps;isfNshL
tpisahlj; njhlq;Fk;. ,k; %d; W tifahd csj;
NjitfisAk; fPo;tUkhW
mwpTk; fw;wYk; Foe;ijaplk; J}z;lyhk;.
gpwg; g pd; N ghJ - grp my; y J * gpwe;jjpypUe;J Foe;ijNahL fijj;
mnrsfhpakhd epiyapd; NghJ moy;. jy;> nfhQ;rp tpisahly;
3 khjj;jpy; - jhia ,dq;fhzy;. * Kfj;ijg; ghu;j;J rphpj;jy;
5 khjj;jpy; - gyiu ,dq;fhzy;.
9 khjj;jpy; - jd;dplkpUe;J fhzhkw; * Foe;ij nrhy;tjw;F Kaw;rpf;fpd;w
Nghd tpisahl;Lg; nghUl;fisj; tplaj;Jf;F nrtpkLj;jy;
Njly;. * mLj;jtu;fNshL Nru;e;J goFtjw;;F
1 tUlj;jpy; - vspa nraw;ghLfisg; tha;g;gspj;jy;. (];ghprk; nra;jy;>
gpd; gw;wy;. rphpj;jy;> fijj;jy;)
2 tUlj;jpy; - nghUl;fis Nehf;fp * gps;isaplk; mbf;fb ftdk;
tpuy; ePl;ly;. nrYj;jy;
J}z;ly; gw;wpa Njit (Gwf;fzpf;fg;gLk; Foe;ijfs; tho;f;
ifapy; gpbg;gpd;wp tsUk;)
Nkw;nrhd;d cs>r%f tpUj;jpf;
fl;lq;fis ngw;Nwhh; kpfr; rupahf * Foe;ij xd;;iwr; nra;tjd; %yk;
tpsq;fp mjw;Nfw;w J}z;ly;fis jhd; fw;Wf; nfhs;fpwJ. mjdhy;
chpa Ntisapy; toq;fpf; tpisahLtjw;Fk; Ma;T
nfhz; b Uf; f Ntz; L k; . taJ nra;tjw;Fk; Rje;jpukhf ,lkspf;f
tpUj;jpf;Nfw;w tpUj;jpia gps;is Ntz;Lk;
ntspg;gLj;jhtpbd; my;yJ jhkjkhf * Foe;ijaplk; md;ig ntspg;gLj;jy;
ntspg; g Lj; j pdhy; nghUj; j khd (Kj;jkply;>fl;b mizj;jy;>];ghprk;
gj;thf;fs; gf;fk;
Nf: vdf;Fk; vdJ kidtpf;Fkpilapy; fztd; - kidtp> ngw;Nwhh;-
rpy NghJ Kuz;ghLfs; gps;isfs; vd;NghUf;F kj;jpapy;
Njhd;WtJz;L. ,J Nghd;w Vw;gLfpd;w gpur;rp idfspd; NghJ
epiyfspy; my;yh`;it Nehf;fp ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;ba rpy Kiwfs;
kPStjw;fhd topKiwia njhpe;J cs;sd.
nfhs;s ehd; tpUk;GfpNwd;. ,k; 1- midtUk; T*r; nra; t jw; F
Kuz;ghLfspd; NghJ jPh;Tfisg; tpiue;J nfhs;sy;
ngw;Wf; nfhs;s cjTk; 2- 2 uf;mj; njhOifapy; <Lgly;.
gpuhh;j;jidfs; VJk; cz;lh? 3- ey;y gpuhu;j;jidfis ,iwQ;Rjy;
g: my;yh`{ jMyh kdpj tho;tpy; ,j;jifa Kiwfisg; gpd;gw;wp
Vw;gLk; gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; jPu;Tfshf elg;gJ kpfTk; tpUk;gj;jf;fjhFk;.
ngsjPf hPjpahd topfis Vw;gLj;jpj;
je;Js;shd;. vdpDk;> mt;toptiffis my;Fh;MdpYk; Rd;dhtpYk;
khj;jpuk; itj;J jPu;Tfisg; ngw;Wf; ,jw;fhd gy Mjhuq;fs;
nfhs;s KbahJ. fhzg;gLfpd;wd. my;yh`;
my;Fh;Mdpy; $Wfpd;whd;.
khw;wkhf xU K];ypikg; “NkYk; cq;fsJ ,ul;rfd; vd;dplk;
nghWj;jtiu mtd; jdJ rpwpa> nghpa gpuhu;j;jpAq;fs;. ehd; cq;fSf;F
mw;g khd tplaq;fs;> gpuhh;j;jpf;fpd;Nwd; vd;W $wpdhd;”
Kf;fpakhditfs; vd rfy
tptfhuq; f spYk; my; y h`; t pd; egp(]y;) mtu;fs; “gpuhh;j;jid xU
cjtpia ehLtJ flikahFk;. tzf;fkhFk;” vdf; Fwpg;gpl;lhu;fs;.
Vnddpy;> my;yh`; jhd; jPh;Tfis cghjh ,g;D ]hgpj; (uyp) mth;fs;>
Vw;gLj;Jgtd;; gpugQ;rj;ij jpl;lkpL egp (]y;) mtu;fs; $wpajhf
gtd;; mtd; “MFf” vd;W xd;Wf;F mwptpf;fpwhh;fs;.
fl;lisapl;lhy; clNd mJ MfptpLk;. “ghtkw;Wk;> cwtpdu;fis Jz;bf;fhj
epiyapYk;> g+kpapd; kPJ thOk; ve;j
kdpjdhy; vjpu;nfhs;s ve;jj; jahu; nthU K];ypk; gpuhu;j;jpj;jhYk; mJ
epiyAk; ,y;yhj vj;jid gpur;rpid mtDf;F toq;fg;gLk;. my;yJ
fis my;yh`{jMyh Rygkhf mjid xj;j xU jPq;F mtid tpl;Lk;
mtid tpl; L k; eP f ; f pAs; s hd; ? jLf;fg; gLk;.” (jph;kpjp)
gpur;rpidfis vjpu;nfhs;tjw;fhd Kuz;ghLfs;> gpur;rpidfspd; NghJ
ve;jr; rhjdq;fisAk; jahu;gLj;jpf; Nfl;f Ntz;ba gy gpuj;jpNafg;
nfhs;sf; $lhJ vd;gJ ,jd; gpuhu;j;jidfs; cs;sd. cjhuzj;jpw;
nghUsy;y.khw;wkhf xU K];ypk; fhf rpytw;iw jUfpNwhk;.
iff;nfhs;s Ntz;ba Kjy; ju jahh;
epiy> my;yh`;tplj;jpy; cjtp yh,yh` ,y;yy;yh`{y; `yPKy;
NjLjyhFk;. fuPk;> ]{G`hdy;yh`p wg;gpy; mu;~py;
moPk;> ty;`k;Jypy;yh`p wg;gpy;
ehk; jahu;gLj;jp itj;Js;s topfs; MykPd;> m]; mYf %[pghj;jp
%yk; jPu;j;Jf; nfhs;s rhj;jpakw;w u`;kjpf> tm]h,k k`;gpujpf;f>
vz;zw;w gpur;rpidfs; tPLfspy; ty;,];kj kpd; Fy;yp jd;g;> ty;
epfo; f pd; w d. vdNtjhd; me; j `dPkj kpd; Fy;yp gpu;> t];]yhkj
Vw;ghLfSld; ,ize;jjhf my;yh`; kpd; Fy;yp ,];k;> yh jj/ yP jd;gd;
tplj;jpy; J}a;ikahd Kiwapy; ,y;yh `gu;jh> tyh `k;kd; ,y;yh
gpuhh; j ; j pj; j y; > fUidahsdhd gu;u[;jh> tyh `h[jd; `pa yf upod;
mtdplj;jpy; kd;dpg;G Ntz;Ljy; ,y;yh foa;jh> ah mu;`ku;uh `pkPd;.
vd;gd mika Ntz;Lk;. RUf;fk;: FLk;g tho;tpy; Kuz;ghLfs;
Njhd;Wjy; ,ay;ghdJ. jtWfs; ehs; vd;gJ cWjpahdJ. Mdhy;
elj;jy; vd;gJ ve;jj; jtWk; epfohj ckJ $w;wpd; mbg;gilapy; iÒf;F
my;yh`;tpd; ehl;lq;fspy; xd;W. Kd; d hy; ,uj; j k; ntspahFk;
vdNt jhd; jpUkzk; vt;thW ~uPM fhyg;gFjpAk; Nrh;e;J iÒila
mbg; g ilapy; ,lk; ngWfpwNjh fhyg;gFjp 14 ehl;fshf nfhs;s
mt;thNw gpur;rpidfSf;fhd jPu;T KbAk;. vg;NghJk; iÒf;Fhpa
fSk; ~uPMtpd; mbg;gilapy; mika mjfhpj;j fhy vy;iy 15 ehl;fs;
Ntz;Lk;. MFk;. 14 my;yJ 15 ehl;fspd; gpd;dh;
a+Rg; my;-fu;shtp ePu; ck;ik Rj;jg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s
(K[;jkc- 1515 (2002 AUG)) KbAk;.
15 ehl;fSf;Fg; gpwFk; ,uj;jk;
njhOifia epWj;J> ntspNawpdhy; mJ “,];jp`hoh”
iò; rl;lq;fis NgZ (,uj;jg; ngUf;F) vd;w epiyia
ehd; jpUkzkhfp xU tUlk; fle;J milAk;. ePq;fs; Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghd;W
tpl;lJ. vdJ khjhe;j UJ fhy vy;iy gOg;G epwj;jpy; fhz;fpd;w ,uj;jk;
khWgLfpd;wJ. khjhe;j UJ Vw;gLk; iÒila ,uj;jkhFk;. kQ;rs;
Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;Jf;F 8 ehl;fSf;F epwj;jpNyh my;yJ fyq;fpa xU
Kd;dhy; tpj;jpahrkhd epwj;ijAila epwj;jpNyh fhzg;gl;lhy; mJ
,uj;jk; (gOg;G epwk;) ntspNaWfpd;wJ. ,uj;jky;y. khwhf rPio xj;j xU
mJ 6-7 ehl;fs; tiu ePbf;Fk;. mjd; tifahd ePuhFk;. tof;fkhd iò;
gpd;dh; rptg;G epw ,uj;jk; ntspNaW fhyg;gFjpf;F Kd;dhy; mJ ntsp
fpd;wJ. mJ NkYk; VO ehl;fs; tiu Nawpd; mJ iòhff; nfhs;sg;gl
ePbf;Fk;. khl;lhJ.
Nfs;tp : ehd; vf;fhyg; gphptpy; Mdhy; gOg;G epw ,uj;jj;ijf;
njhOifia epWj;j Ntz;Lk;. gOg;G fz;lJ Kjy; njhOifia tpLtJk;
epw ,uj;jk; ntspNaWk; fhyg;gFjpah? iÒila Vida rl;lq;fisg; Ngzp
my;yJ ,uz; lhk; fl;l gFjpapyh? elg;gJTk; ck; kPJ flikahFk;.
gjpy; : ckJ iò; fhyg; gphpT VO (1519 )
,];yhkpaj; jPu;T Njb...

,d;\hmy;yh`; mLj;j ,jo; njhlf;fk;
\uPM Nfs;tp gjpy; gFjpnahd;iw
Muk;gpf;fpNwhk;. ,];yhkpa ek;gpf;if>
tzf;ftopghLfs;> FLk;g tho;T>
nghUshjhuk;> murpay;> r%ftpay;... Fwpj;j
cq;fsJ re;Njfq;fis vkf;F mDg;gp
itf;fTk;.
gjpy; toq;Fgtu;:
c];jhj; vk;.V.vk;.kd;#u; (esPkp) B.A (Hons)
,t;thWjhd; cku; my;yh`;it re;jpj;jhu;
myp m`;kj; ghf]Ph; jkpopy; vk;.V.vk;. kd;]{h;
(myp m`;kj; ghfjPh; ,e;NjhNd~pahtpy; gpwe;jhh;. gpd;dh; muGyF nrd;W ,Wjpapy;
vfpg;jpy; tho;e;J mq;NfNa kuzpjhh;.)
ghfjPh; xU jiy rpwe;j ehlfhrphpah;. ehtyhrphpah;. ,];yhkpathjpahf
,Ue;jikahy; ,];yhkpag; Nghf;fpNyNa jdJ ehlfq;fis> ehty;fis
vOjpath;. khngUk; ,];yhkpag; Nghuhl;lk; vd;w ngahpy; cku;(uyp) mth;fs;
gw;wpa mtuJ ehlfk; kpfg; gpurpj;jp ngw;wJ. jkpOyF mtiu mwpahJ. mtiu
kl;Lky;y. ,];yhkpa cyfpd; jiy rpwe;j ,yf;fpa mwpQu;fspd; ehty;fNsh>
fijfNsh jkpopy; te;jJ kpf kpf mUik. ,d;~h my;yh`; ‘efh;T’ mg;gFjpapy;
njhluhd rpy Kaw;rpfis nra;Ak;)
(cku; ,g;D mg;Jy; m]P]; (u`;) Neha;g; gLf;ifapy; ,Uf;fpwhu;. mq;F mtuJ
kidtpAk;>kidtpapd; rNfhjuu; k];ykh ,g;D mg;Jy; kypf;Fk; ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;)
k];ykh: mkPUy; K/kdPd;! (ghj;jpkh ntspNaWfpwhu;)
,d;W cq;fSf;F ahu; fQ;irg; cku;;: mJ tpjp k];ykh?mJjhd;
gUf;fpdhu;fs; vd;W QhgfkpUf;fpwjh? ,iw jPu;khdnkhd;W epiwNtw vdf;F
cku;: ,y;iy! Mdhy; Fbj;Njd.; eQ;irg; Gfl;baJ.
mJ QhgfkpUf;fpwJ. cUfpa k];ykh: mkPUy; K/kpdPd;!
<aj;ij Fbj;jJ Nghd;wpUe;jJ! cq;fisf; f~;lg;gLj;jp tpLNtd;
ghj;jpkh: mkPUy; K/kpdPDf;F vd;wpy;yhtpl;lhy; ,J tplaj;jpy;
vd;idAk;>mtuJ Ntiyahs; cq;fNshL thjhb cz;ikiaj;
Fi]idAk; jtpu NtW ahUk; njspTgLj;JNtd;.
czT nfhLg;gjpy;iy! cku;: mt;thW nra;ahjPh; ntw;W
cku;: ghj;jpkh ePAk; mt;thW nra;ag; thjNk vdf;F kpf ntWg;Gf;FhpaJ.
Nghtjpy;iy me;j NtiyahSk; xU ghj;jpkh: jpUk;gp te;J nfhz;Nl:
NghJk; nra;akhl;lhd;. vd; kPJ mkPUy; K/kpdPd;! ,Njh Fi]d;
mtd; md;G nfhz;ltd;. ehDk; cku;: th Fi]d;. Fi]NdhL
mtd; kPJ ,uf;fk; itj;Js;Nsd;. vd;idj; jdpNa tpl;L tpl KbAkh?
k];ykh: mkPUy; K/kpdPd;! mtid k];ykh: Mk;! md;NghL> gzpNthL
ahUk; J}z;bapUf;fyhky;yth? tpl;L tpLfpNwhk;. (k];ykhTk;>
cku;: k];ykh ckf;F cWjpahfj; ghj;jpkhTk; ntspNaWfpd;wdh;)
njupahj NghJ mg;gbg; NgrhjPu;! cku;: Fi]d; gag;glhNj. neUq;fp
k];ykh: me;ehspypUe;J th! vd; epiyik gw;wp Nfl;f
Ntiyahspd; Kfk; khl;lhah?
khwpg;NghapUg;gJjhd; vdf;F Fi]d;: (kpFe;j ftiyAld;) :mkPUy;
re;Njfj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ. K/kpdPd;!vt;thwpUf;fpwPu;fs;?
cku;;: ]_g;`hdy;yh`;! mtd; jdJ cku;: my;`k;Jypy;yh`;! ,d;W ehd;
v[khdpd; Neha;f;fhf tUe;Jfpwhd;... cyif tpl kWikf;F neUf;fkhf
ePq;fspUtUk; mtidf; Fw;wk; cs;Nsd;.
fhz;gjhf fz;bg;ghf ePq;fs; Fi]d;: (fz;fspy; fz;zPh; kpjf;f)
mtdplk; fhl;bf; nfhs;sf;$lhJ. mkPUy; K/kpdPd; vdJ jhAk;>
k];ykh: ,y;iy! ,y;iy!mkPUy; je;ijAk; cq;fSf;F
K/kpdPd;! mg;gb vjidAk; mtdplk; mu;g;gzkhfl;Lk;.
ehk; fhl;bf; nfhs;stpy;iy. cku;: Fi]d; cdf;F vd;d
cku;: cq;fs; cs;sj;jpy; XLtij ele;Jtpl;lJ? Vd;?
mtd; czu;e;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.mJNt Fi]d;: cq;fSf;Nfw;gl;bUf;Fk;
mtdpy; gaj;ij cz;lhf;fpapUf;ff; tUj;jk; vdf;F te;jpUf;ff; $lhjh?
$Lk;.ghj;jpkh! mtid vd;dplk; cku;: vk; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; xU
mDg;G. mtdJ cs;sj;jpypUg;gij jtiz cs;sJ. mjid ehk; kPw
ehd; ePf;fptpLfpNwd;. KbahJ. ehd; xU fz;zpakhd
,ul;rfdplk; NghfpNwd;. vd;id ehd; jg;g KbAk;? ehd; jhd; nra;j
tpUk;Ggtd; vdf;F ey;yijNa Fw;wj;jhy; mjidj; Njbf;
jUthd;. Fi]d;! vd;id eP nfhz;Ltpl;NlNd?
tpUk;gtpy;iy. cku;: Fi]d; eP ftiyg;gl;L ght
Fi]d;: my;yh`;tpd; kPJ kd;dpg;Gf; Nfl;f Ntz;Lk; vd vjph;
rj;jpakhf cz;ikahf ehd; ghh;j;Njd;. mg;NghJ my;yh`;
tpUk;GfpNwd;. cd;id kd;dpj;J tplyhk;.
cku;: ehdwpahkNy cdf;F ehd; gy Fi]d;: mjdhy;jhd; vd;NdhL
jPq;Ffs; nra;jpUf;ff; $Lk;. mtw;iw NgrpdPh;fsh?
vy;yhk; kd;dpj;J tpLthay;yth? cku;: Mk;! Vd; eP ,t;thW nra;jha;?
Fi]d;: (Fsup mOjthNu) INah! Fi]d;: Nguhir! mkPUy; K/kpdPd;.
mkPUy; K/kpdPd; ehNd cq;fSf;Fj; cku;: cdf;F VJk;
jPq;F nra;Njd;. ePq;fs; vdf;F nfhLf;fg;gl;lJth?
vj;jidNah ed;ik nra;jPh;fs;. Fi]d;: Mk;! nfhLj;jtiuAk; ehd;
INah ehd; ehr cq;fSf;F nrhy;fpNwd;.
kilal;Lk;> vf;fhyKk; vdf;F cku;: ,y;iy! ,y;iy! mtiu
ehrKz;lhFf. vdf;Fr; nrhy;yp tplhNj. vt;tsT
cku;: mikjpahf ,U. cdf;nfjpuhf nfhLj;jhh; vd;W kl;Lk; nrhy;.
eP gpuhu;j;jid nra;af; $lhJ. Fi]d;: Mapuk; jPdhh;fs;!
Fi]d;: mkPUy; K/kpdPd; vd;idf; cku;: eP mjidg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;L
nfhd;W tpLq;fs;. vd;idf; tpl;lhah?
nfhy;YkhW Fi]d;: ,y;iy mkPUy; K/kpdPd;
mth;fSf;Ff; fl;lisapLq;fs;. mJ... mJ...
cku;: rj;jkplhNj. Fuiyj; jho;j;J. cku;: mJ ehd; ,wf;Fk; tiu
ntspNa Nfl;L tplf; $lhJ. cdf;Ff; fpilf;fhJ?!
Fi]d;: ehd; nra;J tpl;;l ngUk; Fi]d;: Mk;! INah! vdf;Fg; gpbj;j
Fw;wj;ij ePq;fs; kd;dpj;Jtpl;lhy; NfL!
vjidAk; cku;: vd;d nra;Jtpl;lha;? ehd;
ehd; nghUl;gLj;jtpy;iy. ,we;Jtpl;lhy;> cdf;fth;fs; mjidj;
cku;: rj;jkplhNj! vdf;fhff; jukhl;lhh;fs;. mth;fsJ
Fuiyj; jho;j;jpg; NgR. ,ufrpaj;ijg; gug;gp tplhjpUf;f
Fi]d;: (Fuiyj; jho;j;jp) mkPUy; cd;id mth;fs; nfhd;W tplf; $Lk;.
K/kpdPd; vd;id kd;dpj;J tpLq;fs;. rpwe;j xU topia ehd; cdf;F
vd;id kd;dpj;J tpLq;fs;. nrhy;yl;Lkh? mg;NghJ eP
cku;: my;yh`;Nt kd;dpg;gtd;. eP cyfj;jpYk; jg;gyhk;. kWikj;
cz;ik Ngrpdhy; vdf;F eP nra;j jz;lidapypUe;Jk; jg;gyhk;.
jPq;if tpl;Lf; nfhLj;J tpLfpNwd;. Fi]d;: vg;gb? mkPUy; K/kpdPd;
Fi]d;: Mk;. ehd; cz;ikNa vdf;F topfhl;Lq;fs;.
NgRNtd;. cq;fsplk; vjidAk; cku;: ,g;NghNj eP mthplk; Ngh. mg;
kiwf;fkhl;Nld;. gzj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;L vd;dplk;
cku;: rj;jkplhNj! Fuiyj; jho;j;J. clNd jpUk;gp th.
Fi]d;: (Fuiyj; jho;j;jp) ehd; Fi]d;: mth; jUthu; vd;W ehd;
Jujp~;lk; gpbj;jtd;. ehNd me;j vz;ztpy;iy.
fQ;rpy; eQ;R fye;Njd;. cku;: mtuJ ngaiu vd;dplk;
cku;: eP mjidf; Fbf;fj; je;j nrhy;tjhfr; nrhy;. gae;J gzj;ijj;
md;Nw vdf;fJ njhpAk;? je;J tpLthh;. Ngh! clNd tpiue;J
Fi]d;: mwpe;jpUe;Jk; ,d;Wjhdh nry;.
mJ gw;wp vd;dplk; fijf;fpwPh;fs;?! Fi]d;: mg;gbNa nra;fpNwd; mkPUy;
cku;: ehd; fijj;jpUf;fkhl;Nld;.cd; K/kpdPd; vd; cah;e;j kdpjNu!
kPJ ehd; nfhz;l ,uf;fKk; (ntspNaw Kay;fpwhd; - mg;NghJ...)
kWikapy; ,iw jz;lid cdf;Ff; cku;: rw;Wg; nghW! me;jf;
fpilf;FNk vd;w gaKk; fz;zPiuj; Jilj;Jf; nfhs;.
,y;yhtpl;lhy;. ahuplKk; nrhy;yp
Fi]d;: mkPUy; K/kpdPd; vg;gb tplhNj. ,J cdf;Fk;
vdf;FkpilNaAs;s ,ufrpak;. vLj;J mehijfSf;Fk;> tpjit
Fi]d;: - fz;zPiuj; Jilj;jthW - fSf;Fk; nrytopf;f tpUk;GfpNwd;.
INah vd;d Jujp~;lk; gpbj;j cku;: ghj;jpkh mofhfr; nrhd;dPh;fs;.
tho;thfpg; Ngha; tpl;lJ! vdJ kidtp> gps;isfspy; jdJ
cku;: ahUk; cd;dplk; VJk; Nfl;lhy; jf;ththYk;> ey;y epiyahYk; vdf;F
ehd; xU Ntiyahf cd;id ~ghmj; nra;af; $bNahh; ,Ug;gJ
mDg;gpajhfr; nrhy; ,g;NghJ Ngh! cyfpd; ngha; RfNghfj;ij tpl;L
(Fi]d; ntspNaWfpwhd;) tplypd; NghJ vdf;F MWjyhf
cku;: ah my;yh`;! Fi]id mikfpwJ.
kd;dpj;J tpL! (nkJthf ghj;jpkh: ,y;iy. kWikapy; ePq;fNs
Kdq;Ffpwhu;) (ghj;jpkhTk; vk; vy;NyhUf;Fk; ~ghmj; nra;gtuhf
k];ykhTk; tUfpwhh;fs;) ,Ug;gPh;fs;.
k];ykh: Ntiyahis VjhtJ cku;: ,y;iy. ghj;jpkh ,y;iy!
Ntiyf;fhf mDg;gpdPh;fsh mkPUy; nghJthfg; ngz;fs; moif
K/kpdPd;? Mlk;guj;ij tpUk;Gthh;fs;. cq;fs;
cku;: Mk;. vdJ Njhou; xUthpd; kdk; mq;F nry;yhJ gw;ww;W
nghWg;gpy; xU njhifg;gzj;ij tho;fpwPh;fs;. vdNt vd;id tpl
tpl;bUe;Njd;. mjid vLj;J tu ePq;fNs my;yh`;it kpfTk;
mDg;gpNdd;. gag;gLfpwPh;fs;. mg;gbNa kfd;
ghj;jpkh: nghWg;gpy; gzj; njhifia mg;Jy; kypf; (u`;) ,sk; tajpNyNa
tpl;bUe;jPu;fsh?! kpFe;j ,iwgaj;Jld; tho;e;jhh;.
cku;: ghj;jpkh vg;NghJk; vd; kdjpy; k];ykh: my;yh`;tpd; kPJ rj;jpakhf
Xbf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; xU tplaj;ij cq;fsJ rPupa tho;thy;jhd;
ehd; nrhy;y Ntz;ba fhyk; te;J ,th;fSk; rPuhf tho;e;jhh;fs;.
tpl;lJ. neUq;fp thUq;fs;. cku;: ghj;jpkhtpd; gf;fkhfj; jpUk;gp
k];ykh: -Nghfj; jahuhfpathW - ck;kplk; vdf;F ,d;ndhU
mkPUy; K/kpdPd; cq;fisAk; NjitAs;sJ ghj;jpkh!
cq;fs; kidtpiaAk; jdpNa tpl;L ghj;jpkh: mkPUy; K/kpdPd; vd;d
tpl;L ehd; ntspNa nry;yl;Lkh? Njit mJ?
cku;: ,y;iy! ,Uq;fs;. mtu; cku;: fpyhgj; nghWg;gpy; nfhQ;r
cq;fsJ rNfhjup> ePq;fs; rhl;rpahf fhyk; ckf;;F ehd; nra;a Ntz;ba
,Ug;gJ rpwe;jJ. ghj;jpkh ehd; flikfisr; nra;atpy;iy. vd;id
nrhy;tij mtjhdkhff; NfSq;fs;. kd;dpj;J tpLtPuh?
ghj;jpkh: mkPUy; K/kpdPd;! ghj;jpkh: mOfpwhh; - mg;Jy; kypfpd;
cq;fSf;F ehd; mu;g;gzkhfl;Lk;. je;ijNa vd;d nrhy;fpwPu;fs;. ,J
cku;: cq;fsJ eiffis igj;Jy; gw;wpah vd;dplk; NgRfpwPh;fs;. mjd;
khypy; ,l;lJ cq;fSf;F %yk; my;yh`;tplk; ehd; $ypia
QhgfkpUf;fpwjh? vjph;ghh;f;fpNwd;. kWikia Nehf;F
ghj;jpkh: mjw;fpg;NghJ vd;d te;J fpNwd;. K];ypk;fspd; nghWg;ig
tpl;lJ? kdj; jpUg;jpAlNdNa Rke;J vd;idf; ftdpf;f cq;fshy;
mjid ehd; je;Njd;. KbahJ NghdhYk; Muk;g fhyq;fspy;
cku;: ,g;NghJk; mJ mg;gbNa vd;id kpfTk; ftdpj;Jf;
,Uf;fpwJ...... ngaUk; mjpy; nfhz;Bh;fsy;yth?
vOjg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. mJ ,d;Dk; cku;: cz;ikjhd;! ckJ rNfhjud;
nrytopatpy;iy. vdf;Fg; gpd;dhy; Riykhd; fpyhgj;ij vd; jiy kPJ
tUgth; mjid chpa Kiwapy; Rkj;jhJ tpl;bUe;J ehKk; Muk;
nrytopf;fkhl;lhh; vd;gJ vdf;Fj; gj;jpypUe;jJ Nghd;Nw njhlh;e;Jk;
njhpAk;. ckJ kdJ ,d;Dk; ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; vt;tsT ed;whf
mjpypUe;jhy; ckf;F mJ kpfTk; ,Ue;jpUf;Fk; vd ehd; epidg;gJz;L.
chpj;JilaJ. k];ykh: mkPUy; K/kpdPd;! vdJ
k];ykh: cz;ik! ghj;jpkh mJ rNfhjud; RiykhDf;F my;yh`;
ckf;FhpaJ. tplj;jpy; mjidtpl vjph;ghh;g;G
ghj;jpkh: mkPUy; K/kpdPd; mjid itf;fj;jf;f cah;e;j nraiy
mDkjpf;fpwhuhapd; mjid ehd; ehdwpNad;. ePq;fs; rj;jpakhf
my;yh`;itj; jpUg;jpg; gLj;jpdPh;fs;. ePq;fspUtUk;...?
K];ypk;fisj; jpUg;jpg;gLj;jpdPh;fs;. k];ykh: mkPUy; K/kpdPd; jhuhskhf>
kh;thd; FLk;gj;jpduhd vkf;Fk; tpUg;gj;NjhL! ehq;fs;
ngUik Njbj; je;jPh;fs;. ntspNaWfpNwhk;.(k];ykhTk;>
cku;: k];ykh vd;d nrhy;fpwPu;fs;. ghj;jpkhTk; ntspNaWfpwhu;fs;)
Kfq;fs; gpufhrkhfTk;>fWikahfTk; cku;: vdf;F mUfpy; th. Fuiyj;
khWk;> mk; kWik ehspNyNa jho;j;jpg; NgR. eP nrhd;d Mapuk;
,jidg; ghh;f;f KbAk;. kh;thd; jPdhuh ,J?
FLk;gj;jpdh; vd;NdhL Fi]d;: Mk;. mkPUy; K/kpdPd;!
Nfhgj;JlNdNa ,Uf;fpwhh;fs; cku;: Fi]d;! cd;dplNk ,e;j
vd;Wjhd; ehd; epidf;fpNwd;. Mapuk; jPdhUk; ,Uf;fl;Lk; vd
k];ykh: mtu;fs; rpy re;ju;g;gq;fspy; tpUk;GfpNwd;;. Mdhy;> ,it
ePq;fs; mtu;fNshL fLikahf ele;J kWikapy; cd;id neUg;ghf te;J
nfhz;likia jhf;Fnkdg; gag;gLfpNwd;. cdf;F
rfpj;Jf;nfhs;shtpbDk; cq;fshy; xU rpwe;j topia ehd;
mtu;fs; ngUikg;glNt nrhy;yl;Lkh....? igj;Jy; khYf;Nf
nra;fpwhu;fs;. ,jid xg;gilj;J tpLfpNwd;......!
cku;;: ntw;W [h`pypa;aj; ngUik. Fi]d;: mkPUy; K/kpdPd;! ePq;fs;
epr;rak; ehd; kWik ehspy; tpUk;gpaijr; nra;Aq;fs;. rj;jpakhf
mtu;fSf; nfjpuhf rhl;rpakhfNt mjid ehd; tpUk;gtpy;iy. cyfpy;
mikNtd;. mjid tpl ntWg;Gf;FhpaJ vd;idg;
k];ykh: cz;ikNa nrhd;dPu;fs; nghWj;jtiuapy; NtnwJTk;
mkPUy;K/kpdPd; ePq;fs; tpUk;gpdhy; fpilahJ.
mtu;fspy; cs;s cq;fs; vjpupiag; cku;: Fi]d;! my;yh`;tpd; gufj;
gyp thq;fTk; ehd; jaq;Nfd;.... cdf;Ff; fpilf;fl;Lk;. my;yh`;
cku;: k];ykh! rw;Wg; nghWq;fs;. cdf;Fg; ghtkd;dpg;Gj; juNt
vd;id Kf];Jjp nra;aNtz;lhk; tpUk;gpAs;shd; vd epidf;fpNwd;. eP
mtu;fspNyh> NtW ahupNyh vdf;F ,q;fpUe;J nrd;W tpL. ehd; cd;id
vjpupfs; fpilahJ. vd;idf; Nfhg tpLjiy nra;J tpl;Nld;.
%l;l Kaw;rpj;jPuh? vd;d? Fi]d;: (mOfpwhd;) mkPUy;
k];ykh: my;yh`; ghJfhf;fl;Lk;. K/kpdPd; mbikj; jisapypUe;J
cq;fsJ jpUg;jpiaNa ehd; vd;id tpLjiy nra;J tpl;Bh;fsh?
vjpu;ghu;Njd;. cku;: Mk;! eP tpUk;Gk; ,lj;jpw;Fg;
ghj;jpkh: mkPUy; K/kpdPd; vdJ Ngh. cd;id ahUk; mwpahj
rNfhjuid kd;dpj;J tpLq;fs;. ,lj;jpw;Fg; Ngha; tpL.
epr;rakhf mtu; cq;fis Fi]d;: mkPUy; K/kpdPd; cq;fs;
tpUk;Gfpwhu;. gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J nfhz;L cq;fSf;F
cku;: ghj;jpkh! ehDk; mtiu ehd; gzptpil nra;J nfhz;bUf;ff;
epr;rakhf tpUk;GfpNwd;.my;yh`;tpd; $lhjh?
ghijapy; mtu; nra;j cku;: Fi]d; eP vd;d NgRfpwha;?!
Nghuhl;lq;fis kjpf;fpNwd;;. mtuJ kuzj;jpd; thapypy; ,Ug;gtDf;F
ngUk; gq;fspg;ig ehd; vd;d gzptpil nra;ag; Nghfpwha;.
Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpNwd;. (Fi]d; mDkjp ehd; khiy tiu ,Ue;jhy; fhiyapy;
Nfl;L fjitj; jl;Lfpwhd;) ,Uf;f khl;Nld;. fhiy tiu
k];ykh: mkPUy; K/kpdPd;! ,Njh ,Ue;jhy; khiyapy; ,Uf;f khl;Nld;.
Fi]d;. Fi]d;: ,y;iy my;yh`; cq;fis
cku;: Fi]d; th (Fi]d; xU tho itg;ghd;.
ngupa igNahL Eiofpwhd;) cku;: Fi]d; cdf;nfd;d
cku;;: ehd; mkhdpjkhf itj;jpUe;j gpbj;Jtpl;lJ. ,q;fpUe;J tpiue;J
mg; gzj;njhifia nfhz;L te;J nrd;W tpL. ,th;fSf;F kj;jpapy;
tpl;lhah? ,Uf;fhNj. cd;idf; nfhd;W
Fi]d;: Mk;! mkPUy; K/kpdPd;. tpLthh;fs;.
cku;;: ehd; jpUk;gTk; Fi]NdhL k];ykh: miwapy; Eioe;jthNu:
jdpNa Ngr tpUk;GfpNwd;. mkPUy; K/kpdPd; kd;dpAq;fs;. ,e;j
mbik jhd; nra;j Fw;wj;jpw;F K/kpdPDf;F mth; tpUk;Gtij ehk;
jz;lid ngw Ntz;Lk;. jg;gf; nfhLg;Nghk;.
$lhJ. (mbikapd; ifia ,Wfg; ghj;jpkh: Fi]d; Kfj;ijj; jpUg;gpf;
gw;wpf; nfhs;fpwhh;) nfhs;. vk;ikg; ghh;f;fhNj. Ngh...
cku;: (Nfhgj;Jld;) mg;Jy; kypfpd; my;yh`; cdf;F gufj; nra;ah
kfNd! vd;d ePh; ehk; NgRtij jpUg;ghdhf.
xw;Wf; Nfl;Buh? cku;: ,y;iy. my;yh`;
k];ykh: ,y;iy! mkPUy; K/kpdPd; kd;dpf;fl;Lk;. guf;fj; nra;al;Lk;.
my;yh`; kPJ rj;jpakhf ,y;iy. Fi]d; eP Ngh. vdf;fhfTk;>
ePq;fspUtUk; NgRtJ vk; fhjpy; cdf;fhfTk; my;yh`;tplk; kd;dpg;Gf;
tpOe;jJ! mt;tsTjhd;. Nfs;.
ghj;jpkh (Eioe;jthW): cz;ikjhd; (nfhQ;r Neuk; Kzfp mOj Fi]d;
mkPUy; K/kpdPd; k];ykh ntspNaWfpwhd;)
cz;ikNa nrhd;dhh;. cku;: (Nehthy; KzFfpwhh;) M ...
cku;: mt;thwhapd; ePq;fs; Nfl;lij jiy typf;FJ. (jpBnud gLf;ifapy;
,ufrpakhf itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. kaq;fp rha;fpwhu;)
ehd; mtid kd;dpj;J tpl;Nld;. ghj;jpkh: M... k];ykh mth; kaq;fp
k];ykh mtid tpl;L tpLq;fs;. tpl;lhh;!
ehd; my;yh`; Tf;fhf tpLjiy k];;ykh: rNfhjhp cWjpahf ,Uq;fs;.
nra;J tpl;Nld;. mJ rpW kaf;fNk. tpopj;Jf;
k];ykh: ,y;iy mkPUy; K/kpdPd;. nfhs;thu;.
JNuhfk; nra;j mbikf;fhd $yp cku;: (gae;jth; Nghd;W fz;izj;
my;yh`;Tf;fhf mtid tpLjiy jpwf;fpwhu;. vo Kay;fpwhu;
nra;tjhf ,Uf;f KbahJ. mtdJ Kbatpy;iy) k];ykh! k];ykh!
Fw;wj;jpw;F mtd; jz;lid ngw k];ykh: mkPUy; K/kpdPd; ,Njh
Ntz;Lk;. ,Uf;fpNwd;.
cku;: kpfTk; ,sfpa Fuypy;: cku;: Fi]d; nfhz;L te;j gz
k];ykh> cq;fSf;nfd;d Neh;e;J Kbg;G vq;Nf?
tpl;lJ! mbikia mtdJ k];ykh: mkPUy; K/kpdPd; ,Njh
Fw;wj;jpw;fhf ePu; gpbj;jhy; cq;fs; Kd;dhy; cs;sJ.
rk;ge;jg;gl;l mLj;jth;fisAk; ePh; cku;: mJ vdf;Fhpajy;y k];ykh.
gpbf;f Ntz;b tUk;. mg;NghJ ckJ mJ igj;Jy; khYf;FhpaJ. mij
FLk;gj;jpy; KbT vd;dthFk; vd;W mq;Nf Nrh;g;gpj;J tpLkhW ck;ik
nrhy;y Kbahj ngUk; Fog;g Ntz;LfpNwd;.
epiyNa cUthFk;. k];ykh: nra;fpNwd;. mkPUy;
k];ykh: ehd; mjidg; K/kpdPd;.
nghUl;gLj;jtpy;iy. mf; Fog;gj;jpd; cku;: my;yh`; ckf;F ew;$yp
tpwfhf ahh; Ntz;LkhdhYk; jul;Lk;. ghj;jpkh ePq;fs; ...
Mfl;Lk;. ghj;jpkh: jd;idf; fl;Lg;gLj;j
cku;: (nfQ;rpagb) vdJ rhr;rhtpd; Kad;W nfhz;L - vd;d mkPUy;
kfNd! my;yh`;it Kd;dpWj;jpf; K/kpdPd;?
Nfl;fpNwd;. ,t;Tyfpd; ,Wjp ehspy; cku;: ehd; ckf;F VJk; flikfs;
ehd; ,Uf;fpNwd;. vdJ fl;lisia epiwNtw;w Ntz;bapUe;jhy;
kPwhjPu;. ghj;jpkh ckJ rNfhjuUld; mjpypUe;J vd;id tpLtpg;gPuh?
NgRq;fs;. ghj;jpkh: (mOJ nfhz;L) Mk;... Mk;.
ghj;jpkh: k];ykh mkPUy; mkPUy; K/kpdPd;.
K/kpdPDf;Ff; fl;Lg;gLq;fs;. mth; cku;: ey;y kidtp. ckf;F my;yh`;
my;yh`; nfhLj;j xspapy; ew;$yp jul;Lk;. ck;ik my;yh`;tpd;
ghh;f;fpwhh;. ,e;epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk; ghJfhg;gpy; tpLfpNwd;. gpwF
NghJ mtUf;F ehk; khW nra;af; ghh;itia NkNy cah;j;jp - ,iwth
$lhJ. cdJ fsh gw;wp jpUg;jpiaj; jh.
k];ykh: (mbikiaj; jdJ guf;fj;jUs;. eP Ke;jpj; je;jij
gpbapypUe;J tpl;L tpl;L) mkPUy; gpe;jpj; je;jpUf;f Ntz;Lnkd;Nwh>
njhlu; - 42k; gf;fk;
tuyhw;wpy;
vkJ ck;kj;
(1)`[;[h[; gae;j ngz;; cku; ,g;D fj;jhg; (uyp) FLk;gj;jpdh;
mtu; f]hyh vd;w ngz;. ~gPg; cku; ,g;D mg;Jy; m]Pi]Na kpFe;j
,g;D a[Pj; vd;gthpd; kidtp. fz;zpaj;Jld; Nehf;Ftu;. Vnddpy;
tPuj;jpYk;> Aj;j fsq;fspYk; kpfg; mth; mtu;fsJ je;ij cku; ,g;D
gpurpj;jp ngw;w ngz;. <uhf;fpy; kt;]py; fj;jhig xj;jtuhf ,Ue;jhu;.
efhpy; mts; gpwe; j hs; . jd;
fztNdhL mg;Jy; kypf; ,g;D kh;th cku; ,g;D mg;Jy; m]P]pd; jha;
Df;F vjpuhfg; Nghuhl;lq;fspy; mts; vfpg; jpypUf;Fk; jd; fztdplk; Ngha;r;
fye;J nfhz;lhs;. mg;NghJ `[;[h[; Nrug; Gwg;gl;l NghJ mg;Jy;yh ,g;D
,g;D a+Rg; <uhf;fpd; ftu;duhf cku;(uyp) mth;fs; mtiu Nehf;fp “,g;
,Ue;jhh;. Aj;j fsq;fspy; kpFe;j gps;isia vk;kplk; tpl;L nry;Yq;fs;.
tPuj;Jld; f]hyh NghuhLthh;. Vnddpy; cq;fspy; vq;fs; FLk;gj;ij
mtuJ gpurpj;jkhd nra;jpnahd;W xj;jtuhf ,Ug;gth; mtNu” vd;whu;.
tU khW : ,t;thW cku; kjPdhtpNyNa jq;fp
xU Aj;jj;jpd; NghJ `[;[h[; tpl;lhu;.
mtis vjpu; nfhs;shJ jg;gp Xbdhd;. mur FLk;gj;ij tpl;Lj; J}ukhfp
$ghtpy; mg;ngz; Eiotjhf mwpe;j t`p apd; g+kp> `p[;uj;jpd; epyk;> ,iw
N g h J g h J f h g ; g h f f ; J}jupd; Gfyplk;> K`h[pu;> md;]hu;
Nfhl; i lapDs; N sNa `[; [ h[; fspd; jha; ehL kjPdhtpNyNa mtu;
,Ue;jhh;. tsu;e;jhu;;; gapd;whu;; fw;whu;;; ,[;jp`h
,k;uhd; ,g;D `j;jhd; vd;w ftpQu; jpd; cau; juj;ijAk; mile;jhu;;
,J Fwpj;J `[;[hi[ tpopj;J `jP];fis upthaj; nra;Ak; Mw;wiyg;
,opj;Jg; ghbdhu;. ngw;whu;; ,yf;fpaj;ijf; fw;whu;;
“vdf;F Kd;dhy; rpq;fk;. ftpijfis ,aw;wpdhu;; mwpQu;fs;
Aj;jj;jpy; gae;j Nfhop! cku; ,g;D mg;Jy; m]P]plk;
Nghhpy; f]hyhit vjph; nfhs;s khztu;fshapdu; vd;w gpurpj;jpAk;
KbAkh cd;dhy;? ngw;whu;.
,y;iy cd; caph; gwitapd;
cku; mtuJ ,sikapy; kpf Mlk;
,wFfspy;” gukhf tho;e;jhu; vdpDk; mur
(2)rpW tajpy; cku; ,g;D mg;Jy; FLk;gj;ijr; Nru;e;jtu; vd;w ngUik
m]P]; (w`;) mtiug; gPbf;f tpy;iy. kpFe;j Mlk;gu
cku; ,g;D mg;Jy; m]P]pd; cld; cilAk; > czTk; > tho; f ; i f
gpwe;j rNfhjuu;fs; mg+gf;fh;> M]pk;> mikg;igAk; jtpu mtuJ
K`k;kj; vd;w %tUkhthu;fs;. elj; i japNyh> Ngr; r pNyh ve; j f;
Mdhy; mg;Jy; m]P]pd; gps;isfspy; FiwghLk; fhzg;gltpy;iy.
Riykhd; ,g;D mg;Jy; kypfpd; gpd; fyPghthdJk; gw;ww;w tho;it Nkw;
`p[;up 99 Kjy; 101 tiu fyPghthf nfhz;lhu;. jd;DilaJk>; kidtpAil
,Ue;j ckNu gpurpj;jp ngw;wtuhthu;.
aJk; nry;tq;fs; midj;ijAk; mg;NghJ ]dMdp:
igj; J y; k hYf; F xg; g ilj; j hu; . “ehDk; ePq;fs; jf;gPu; nrhy;tPu;fs;
fpyhgj;jpd; midj;J vdg;ghu;j;jpUe;Njd;. ePq;fs;
khspiffisAk; tpw;whu;. nrhy;yhikahy; ehDk; nrhy;ytpy;iy”
khspiffspy; ,Ue;j vy;yh vd;whu;. ,khk;fspd; gz;ghL ,JNt.
mbikfisAk; tpLjiy nra;jhu;. vdNtjhd; fUj; J NtWghLfs;
mtu; xU Kiw jd; Njhou;fSld; mtu;fisg; gpupf;ftpy;iy.
cl;fhh;e;jpUe;jhu;. vy;NyhUk; Ngrpf; (4) ,khk; khypf; tpsq;fpaJTk;>
nfhz; b Ue; j du; . mtu; kl; L k; K/j]pyhf;fshy; tpsq;f Kbahky;
nksdkhf ,Ue; j hu; . mg; N ghJ NghdJTk;.
mtu;fs;:
-“mkPUy; K/kpdPd; Vd; NgrhjpUf;fpwPu; ,khk; khypf; ‘Kmj;jh’ E}iy
,aw;wpdhu;fs;. mJ `jP]; Jiwapy;
fs;? “ Kjd;ik E}yhf mike;jJ.
-ehd; Rtdthrpfis epidj;Jg; Mjhug+u;tkhd (]`P`;) `jP];fs;
ghu;f;fpNwd;. mtu;fs; vg;gb xUtiu kl;LNk jpul;lg; gl;ld. ,khk; ~hgp<
xUtu; re;jpj;Jf; nfhs;tu;. eufthrp my;Fu;MDf;F mLj;j Mjhug+u;tkhd
fis epidj;Jg; ghu;f;fpNwd;. mtu;fs; E}y; Kmj;jh vd;whu;fs;. fyPgh
vg;gb xUtiug; ghu;j;J xUtu; rj;jkpL kd;]{u;jhd; ,e;j E}iy ,aw;WkhW
thu;fs; $f;FuypLthu;fs;... Ntz;bdhu; vd gy uhtpfs; mwptpg;Gr;
,g;gbr; nrhy;ypr; nrd;w cku; nra;Js;sdu;. fyPgh kd;]{u; ,t;thW
mOJtpl;lhu;fs;. xU E}iy ,aw;wp mjidg; gpd;gw;wr;
cku; ,g;D mg;Jy; m]P]pd; nra;tjd; %yk; fUj;J
ghl;ld; cku; ,g;D fj;jhg;(uyp) NtWghLfisAk; mjdhy; Njhd;Wk;
mtu; f s; . mtu; tsh; e ; j JTk; gpsTfisAk; xopf;f tpUk;gpdhu;. fyPgh
gbj;jJTk; kjPdhtpy;. ghuk;ghpaKk; kd;]{u; $wpajhf ,khk; khypf;
kpfr; rpwe;jJ. #oYk; kpfj; $Wfpwhu;.
J}a;ikahdJ. ,t;tpuz;Lk; “,jid ehd; xNu mwpthf Mf;f
,ize;Jjhd; cku; ,g;D mg;Jy; tpUk;GfpNwd;.ftu;du;fs;>gilj;jsgjpf
m]P]; vd;w cah;e;j MSikia s;>ePjpgjpfs; midtUf;Fk; ,J gw;wp
cUthf;fpaNjh? mwptpg;Ngd;.,jidNa mtu;fs; eil
Kiwg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. ahUk; fUj;J
(3) mwpQu;fspd; khpahijg; gz;G NtWghLgl;lhy; mtiuf;
xU Kiw ,khk; m`;kJk; ,khk; nfhd;WtpLNtd;.”
mt;]hapAk;(u`;) akDf;Fg; gpuahzg;
gl;ldu;. me;jg; gpuahzj;jpd; NghJ mjw;F ,khk; khypf; $wpa gjpy;:
ngUehs; jpdKk; te;J tpl;lJ. “,iwJ}ju; (]y;) ,r;r%fj;jpy;
,UtUk; ,khk; mg;Ju; u];]hf; tho;e;jhh;fs;. mth;fSk; Nghuhlr;
]dMdp(u`;) tpd; tPl;by; nrd;whh;fs;. vdpDk; mth;fsJ fhyg;
tpUe;jhspahfpdu;. fhiyapy; ,U gphptpy; mjpfk; ehLfs; ntw;wp
tUk; njhOk; ,lk; nry;Yk; NghJ nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy. gpd;dh; mg+gf;fh;
jf;gPu; nrhy;ytpy;iy. ,t;thW jf;gPu; (uyp) nghWg;Ngw;whh;fs;. mth;fs;
nrhy;tJ Rd;dh vd;gJ njspthd fhyj;jpYk; mjpfkhd ehLfs; ntw;wp
tplak;. ,J fz;L Mr;rupaKw;w ,khk; nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy. gpd;du; cku;(uyp)
]dMdp (u`;): Ml; r pf; F te; j hu; f s; . mtu; f sJ
fhyj;jpNyNa epiwa ehLfs; ntw;wp
“ Vd; ePq;fs; ,UtUk; ngUehSf;fhd nfhs;sg;gl;ld. me;epiyapy; egpj;
jf; g P i ur; nrhy; y tpy; i y vdf; Njhou;fis mt;nty;yh ehLfSf;Fk;
Nfl;lhu;. “ePq;fs; jf;gPu; nrhy;tij ehk; Mrphpau;fshf mDg;GtJ jtpu NtW
Nfl;ftpy;iy. vdNt ehKk; jf;gPu; top ,Uf;ftpy;iy. me;j xt;nthU
nrhy;ytpy;iy” vdg; gjpyspj;jdu; ]`hgpaplkpUe;Jk; ngw;w mwpT>
,U ,khk;fSk;. topfhl;ly; me;je;j ehLfspy;
guk;giu guk;giuahf tUfpwJ. ePh; tpj;jpahrkhf ,Ue;jJ. mth;fsJ
,g; N ghJ mth; f is mth; f sJ rpe;jidg; Nghf;Fk; kNdhepiyAk;
mwpit tpLj;J mth;fSf;F njhpahj tpj;jpahrkhf ,Ue;jJ. mj;NjhL
mwptpd; gf;fk; jpUg;g Kide;jhy; ,];yhk; muG jPgfw;gj;ij tpl;L ntsp
mjid mth;fs; Fg;uhfNt fhz;ghh;. Nague;J xU epyg;gug;gpy; gue;J
vdNt> xt;nthU ehl;L kf;fSk; tpl;lJ. mg;gpuNjrq;fspy; tho;e;j
epiyj;J epw;Fk; mwpit Vw;Wf; nfhs;. kf;fSk; tpj;jpahrkhfNt ,Ue;jdu;.
,e;j mwpit cdf;fhf itj;Jf; ,J xU rpwpanjhU fhyg;gphpT
nfhs;....” khw;wky;y xd;W my;yJ xd;wiu
E}w;whz;L fhytsh;r;rp ,J.
mg;gh]pa fpyhgj;jpNyNa fyPgh ,g;gpd;dzpapNyNa ,khk; khypf;
k/% dpd; fhyg;gphpT te;jJ. Fwpg;gpl;lnjhU rpe;jid mjpfhu
K/j]pyhf;fs; xU tpj;jpahrkhd g+h;tkhf jpzpf;fg;gLtij kWj;jhh;fs;.
Gjpa rpe; j idiaf; nfhz; L ,J ,khkpd; kf;fs; tho;T gw;wpa
te;jhh;fs;. mur nfhs;ifahfpaJ. Mo;e;j mwpitf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
kf;fs; kPJk; mwpQu;fs; kPJk; mf;
nfhs;ifia mur mjpfhuj;jpd; %yk; mjpfhug; g+h;tkhf rpe;jidia
jpzpf; f Kad; w hh; f s; . kpfg; jpzpf;f Kide;j K/j]pyhf;fs;
nghpanjhU Fog;g epiy Njhd;wpaJ. Njhw;Wg; Nghdhh;fs;. tuyhw;wpYk;
K];ypk; r%fj;jpy; gy ,];yhkpa mtu;fs; nry;thf;F ,oe;J fhzhky;
mwpQu;fSk; rpj;jputijf;Fl;gl;ldu;. Nghdhh;fs;. Mdhy; ,khk; khypfpd;
rl;l rpe;jidiag; gpd;gw;Wgth;fs;
Mdhy; ,khk; jd; rpe;jidia ,d;W cynfy;yhk; tho;fpwhh;fs;.
mur nfhs; i fahf; f mjw; f hd ,khk; khypf;fpd; E}Yk; ,d;W tiu
re;jh;g;gk; fpilj;Jk; Kidatpy;iy. tho;fpwJ. mjpfhuj;jhYk;
]`hghf;fs; ehLfs; gytw;wpy; gutpg; td;KiwahYk; xU rpe;jidia tho
Nghdhh;fs;. mth;fs; itf;f KbahJ.
,iwj;J}juplkpUe;J ngw;w mwpT
,t;thWjhd; cku; ... 39k; gf;f njhlu;

gpe;jpj; je;jij Ke;jpj; je;jpUf;f tm~;`J md;d K`k;kjd;
Ntz;Lnkd;Nwh ehd; epidj;J mg;J`{ tu]{Y`{”(ghj;jpkhTk;
tplf;$lhJ. k];ykhTk; mtiuj; njhlh;e;J
(,g;gb gpuhh;j;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jtuJ fypkhit kpFe;j gf;jp g+h;tkhfTk;
Kfk; jpBnudg; gpufhrKw;wJ.) ,sfpa kdJlDk; jpUk;gpj; jpUk;gp
mth;: ey;NyhNu> J}NahNu cr;rhpf;fpd;wdh;.)
tUf!tUf! cku;: (jpBnud tpopj;J) Fi]d;!
ghj;jpkh: mkPUy; K/kpdPd; ahiu Fi]d; vq;Nf?
tuNtw;fpwpu;fs;. k];ykh: (jd;idj; jplg;gLj;jpf;
cku;: kdpjNdh> [pd;Ndh vd;W $w nfhz;L) mkPUy; K/kpdPd; mth; jd;
Kbahj ,th;fis! topapy; Ngha;tpl;lhh;.
cku;: (Rw;wpapUf;Fk; vjidAk; cku;: (gytPdkhd Fuypy;)
czuhjtiug; Nghy;...) my;`k;Jypy;yh`; (%r;Rj;jpzWfpwJ)
“me;j kWikapd; tPL cyfpy; ah my;yh`; cd; mbik Fi]id
ngUikiaNah> rPh;Nfl;ilNah kd;dpj;J tpL .... cd; mbik ckiu
tpUk;ghjtUf;F ehk; Mf;fpAs;Nshk;. kd;dpj;J tpL... mj;NjhL cd; mbik
my;yh`;itg; gae;NjhUf;F ey;y Fi]idAk; kd;dpj;J tpL.
,Wjp KbT cz;L” “m~;`J (kuzpf;fpwhh;)
my;yh ,yh` ,y;yy;yh`;
]{uh G&[; nrhy;Yk; fij
fplq;Fthrpfs;
Kd;ndhU fhyj;jpy; mepahaf;fhu
Ml;rpahsndhUtd; tho;e;J te;jhd;;.
#dpaf; fhudplk;jhd; ,Ue;Njd; vd;W
$W mJ NghyNt #dpaf;fhud; mbf;f
mtNdhL xU #dpaf; f huDk; Kaw;rpj; jhy; vdJ FLk;gj;NjhL
,Ue;jhd;. mr;#dpaf;fhud; tsu;e;J ,Ue;J tpl;L tUfpNwd;; vd;W $W”.
ngupatdhfpa NghJ muridg; ghu;j;J
“vdf;F tajhfptpl;lJ. Mifahy; ,g;gbapUf;f> xU ehs; rpWtd; ghij
#dpaj;ijf; fw;Wf;nfhLf;Fk; nghUl;L topNa ele;J Ngha;f; nfhz;bUe;jhd;.
xU rpWtid vd;dplk; mDg;gp mg;nghOJ ghij topNa Xuplj;jpy;
itg;gPuhf” vdf; $wpdhd;. mtdJ kf;fs; gak; Ml;nfhz;l epiyapy;
Ntz; L NfhSf; N fw; g murd; Xu; epd;wpUg;gijf; fz;lhd;. cw;Wg;ghu;j;j
tpNtfkhd rpWtid #dpaf;fhudplk; NghJ> mq;Nf ghijf;Ff; FWf;fhf
mDg; g p itj; j hd; . mr; r pWtd; Xu; gaq;fukhd kpUfk; epd;wpUg;gij
#dpaf;fhudplk; Ngha; #dpaj;ijf; mtjhdpj;jhd;;. mjdhy; vtUf;Fk;
fw;W te;jhd;. ghijia fle;J nry;y Kbahky;
,Ue;jJ.
mr;rpWtdJ tPl;Lf;Fk;>
#dpaf;fhudJ tPl;Lf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l mt;Ntis> rpWtd; #dpaf;fhud;
ghijapy; my;yh`;it tzq;fp rpwe; j tdh? my; y J Jwtpjhd;
topglf; $ba Xu; Jwtp rpwe;jtuh? vd ,d;W ghu;j;J tpLNthk;
,Ue;jhu;.vdNt rpWtd; mj;Jwtp vdf;$wpf;nfhz;L> Xu; fy;iy vLj;J
aplKk; nrd;W <khd;> ,ghjj; gw;wp ,iwth! #dpaf;fhudJ tplaj;ij
fw; W f; nfhs; s yhdhd; . mjd; tpl Jwtpapd; tplak;jhd; cdf;F kpf
tpisthf mtdJ cs;sj;jpy; <khdpa tpUg;gkhf ,Uf;Fkhapd;>
xsp Rlh; tpl;lJ. njhlu;e;Jk; mbf;fb ,k;kpUfj;ij nfhd;W tpL vdf;$wp
JwtplKk; nrd;W te;jhd;.ePz;l Neuk; mk;kpUfj;jpd; kPJ fy;iy vwpe;jhd;.
mtUld; jq; f papUe; J fw; W f; mJ nrj;J tpOe;jJ.
nfhz;lhd;.
re;Njh~j;jhy; rpWtdpd; Kfk;
vd;whYk; tPl;Lf;F jhkjpj;J tUk; gpufhrpj;J xsp tPrpaJ.clNd Jwtpap
NghJ> tPl;lhu; mtid mbg;gu; “eP lk; tpiue;J nrd;whd;. ele;jtw;iw
,t;tsT Neuk; vq;Nf ,Ue;jha;>Vd; mg;gbNa nrhd;dhd;. ,jidf; Nfl;l
Jwtp mr;rpWtdpy; md;G nfhz;L
jhkjpj;J te;jha;” vd tpdTdu;. mNj mtd; Nrhjidf;Fl;gLthd; vd
Nghy; #dpaf;fhuDk; rpWtd; jhkjpj;J mwpe;J nfhs;sNt ,t;thW $wpdhu;.
tUkplj;J mbg;gtdhf ,Ue;jhd;.
vdNt ,J rk;ge;jkhf rpWtd;
Jwtpaplk; Kiwg;gl;lhd;. “,d;W eP vd;id tplTk;
rpwe;jtdha; ,Uf;fpd;wha;.
rpWtdJ Kiwg;ghl;il vjpu;fhyj;jpy; eP gy NrhjidfSf;F
cs;thq;fpf; nfhz;l Jwtp mr;rpWtd; cl;gLtha; vd;gij ehd;
kP J fUiz fhl; b ,t; t hW mwpfpNwd;.mt;thW eP Nrhjpf;fg;
cgNjrpj;jhu;. gl;lhy; vd;idf; fhl;b nfhLj;J
tplhNj.”
“kfNd! cdJ FLk;gk; cd;id
mbf;f Kaw;rpj;jhy; mtu;fsplk; ehd; my;yh`; mr; rpWtd; %yk; kf;fsJ
Neha;fisf; Fzg;gLj;jpdhd;.
- 01 khw;wk; ,q;fpUe;J A 06
my;yh`;tpd; mDkjpNahL fLikahfhj; jz;bf;fNt mr;rpWtid
FUlu;fis> F~;lNuhfpfis kw;Wk; fhl;bf; nfhLj;Jtpl;lhu;.
gy Neha;fis Fzg;gLj;Jgtdhf
,Ue; j hd; . mr; r pWtdpd; Gfo; gpd; mr;rpWtid murdplk;
efnuq;Fk; gutpaJ. nfhz;L te;jdu;. murd; rpWtid
Nehf;fp “kfNd! cdJ #dpaj;jhy;
mNjNtis mt;turdpd; mitapYk; FUlu;fs;> F~;lNuhfpfis Fzg;gLj;
Xu; FUlu; ,Ue;jhu;. mr;rpWtd; gw;wpf; JtjhfTk;> ,d;Dk; gy Ntisfis
Nfs;tpg;glNt>mk;kdpju; ngWkjpahd nra;tjhfTk; Nfs;tpg;gLfpd;Nwd”vd
guprpy;fis vLj;Jf;nfhz;L mr;rpW tpdtpdhd;.
tdplk; Ngha; “vd;idf;
Fzg ;g L j;jpd hy; ,g ;g u pr py;fs; rpWtd; jpl cWjpAld; $wpdhd;.
midj;ijAk; cdf;F ntFkjpahf “ehd; vtiuAk; Fzg;gLj;Jtjpy;iy.
jUNtd”; vd;whu;. epr;rakhf my;yh`;jhd;
Fzg;gLj;Jfpwhd;.” clNd> murid
,ijf; Nfl;l mr;rpWtd; mk; Nfhgk; Ml;nfhz;lJ. jdJ
kdpjiug; ghu;j;J “ehNdh vtiuAk; ghJfhtyu;fis mioj;J
Fzg; g Lj; J tjpy; i y. vdJ mr;rpWtid $l;br;nrd;W fLikahf
Kaw;rpahy; vJTk; epfo;tJkpy;iy. jz;bf;Fk;gb Vtpdhd;.
epr;rakhf my;yh`;jhd; Fzg;gLj;jf;
$batd;. vdNt> ePq;fs; my;yh`;it fLikahfj; Jd;GWj;jNt rpWtd;
ek;gpf;if nfhz;lhy; mtdplj;jpy; Jwtpia fhl;bf;nfhLj;jhd;. gpd;du;
ehd; gpuhu;j;jpg;Ngd;. mjd; %yk; Jwtpiar; Njbr; nrd;W mtiu
my;yh`; cq;fSf;F Fzj;ijj; murdplk; ,Oj;J te;jdu;. mtuplk;
jUthd;.” vd;whd;. murd; jdJ khu;f;fj;ij tpl;LtpLk;gb
Vtfpwhd;. vd;whYk; Jwtp kWj;J
mur rigapypUe;J te;j mk;kdpju; tpLfpwhu; gpd; mtiu ,uz;lhf
my;yh`;it <khd; nfhs;sNt rpWtd; gpse;jdu;. mJ NghyNt jdJ mur
mtUf;fhf JM nra;jhd;. my;yh`; rigj; NjhoUf;Fk; nra;jdu;.
mk; kdpjiu Fzg;gLj;jptpl;lhd;;.
,oe;j ghu;itia ngw;Wf;nfhz;lhu;. ,t;tsT ele;Jk; rpWtd; rpwpJk;
miratpy;iy. vdNt mtidg;
gpd; me;j kdpju; murdpd; mitf;Fr; gaKWj;Jtjpy; vt;tpjg; gpuNahrdK
nrd;W toikahd jdJ ,lj;jpy; kpy;iy vd;W fz;l murd; jdJ
Ngha; mku;e;J nfhz;lhu;. mt;Ntis> gilfSf;F mtd; jdJ
murd; mk; k dpjiuf; fz; l Jk; khu; f ; f j; j pypUe; J jpUk; g htpl; l hy;
Mr;rpupaj;Jld; “cdJ ghu;itia $l;br; nrd;W kiy cr;rpapypUe;J
js;sp tpLkhW Vtpdhd;.
jpUk;gg; ngw;Wj;je;jJ ahu;?” vdf;
Nfl;lhd;. mjw;F gjpyspj;j mk;kdpju; gpd; mtu;fs; mt;thW nra;a Kaw;
“vdJ ,iwtd;” vd;W $wNt> murd; rpj;j NghJ rpWtd; nrhd;dhd;
“vd;id tpLj;J NtW ,iwtd; “,iwth! eP tpUk;gpaJ Nghd;W
cdf; F ,Uf; f pd; w hdh?” vd mtu; f is tpl; L k; vd; i d eP
tpdtpdhd; . mk; k dpju; “vdJ fhg;ghw;Wthahf.”
,iwtDk; ckJ ,iw tDkhf
my; y h`; ,Uf; f pwhd; . ” vdg; clNd kiy eL eLq;fpaJ.
gjpyspf;fpwhu;. midtUk; tpOe;Jtpl;ldu;. rpWtd;
ghJfhg; g hf murdplk; te; j hd; .
mt;thu;j;ijfis Nfl;lJk; rpWtidf; fz;lJk; Mr;rupaj;NjhL
murdpd; jiyapy; ,b tpOe;jJ Nfl;lhd;. “cd;NdhL $lr; nrd;wtu;fs;
Nghd;wpUe;jJ. murd; mk;kdpjiu vq;Nf?mtu;fSf;F vd;d Neu;e;jJ?”
Jd; G Wj; J khW Vtpdhd; . kpff; mjw;F rpWtd; cWjpNahL $wpdhd;.
“my;yh`; mtu;fis tpl;Lk; vd;idf; vd;wdu;.
fhg;ghw;wp tpl;lhd;. murdJ cs; s k; Nfhgj; j hy;
gpd;du; murd; xU fg;gypy; epuk; g paJ.mr; r %fk; KOtijAk;
eLf;fl Yf;F $l;br; nrd;W mtidj; mtu;fsJ khu;f;fj;jpypUe;J jpUk;gp
js;sp tpLkhW Vtpdhd;. rpWtd; tpLk; tiu Jd;GWj;JkhW Vtpdhd;.
kPz;Lk; jg;gpj;J murdplk; tUfpwhd;. vd;whYk;> mtu;fs; <khdpy; cWjpahf
rpWtd; $wpdhd;. “ehd; nrhy;Yk; ,Ue;jdu;. mr;Nrhjidia
tplaj;ij ePq;fs; nra;Ak; tiu nghWikNahL vjpu;nfhz;ldu;.
vd;idf; nfhd;Wtpl KbahJ. “mjw;F jz;lid mtu;fsJ cWjpia
murd; mJ vd;d? vd tpdtpdhd;. khw;wp tplg; Nghtjpy;iy vdf; fz;l
kf;fs; midtiuAk; xd;W jpul;b murd; jdJ giliag; ghu;j;J>
kuf;fpisapd; kPJ vd;idf; fl;b gpd; Mokhd xU Fopia muz;kidapd;
mk;Gg; igapypUe;J xU mk;ig vLj;J thrypy; Njhz;b mjpNy neUg;ig
tpy;ypd; eLtpy; itj;J ‘,e;jr; %l;b mtu;fis mjw;F mUfhikapy;
rpWtdJ ,iwtd; ngauhy;’ vd;W $wp nfhz;L Ngha; jkJ khu;f; fj;jpypUe;J
vd;id Nehf;fp vwp. ,t;thW nra;jhy; jpUk;gp tpl;Nlhiu tpl;L tpl;L
vd;idf; nfhd;W tpl KbAk; vd;whd;. cWjpahf ,Ug;Nghiu mjpy; Nghl;L
tpLkhW Vtpdhd;.
,r;rpWtd; tplaj;jpy; murd;
Fok;gpg; Nghdhd;. vJTk; Gupatpy;iy. murDk;> mtdJ gupthuKk;
vd;whYk;> ,r;rpWtdpypUe;J tpLjiy K/kpd; f Sf; F hpa jz; l idiaf;
ngwNtz;LNk vd vz;zp kf;fs; fz;Lfspf;f mku;e;jpUe;jdu;.
midtiuAk; xd;W jpul;bdhd;. gpd; <khd; nfhz;Nlhupy; vtUk; jkJ
rpWtd; $wpaJ Nghd;W nra;J> kf;fs; khu;f; fj;jpypUe;J jpUk;gptpltpy;iy.
midtUf;Fk; Nfl;Fk; tifapy; vdNt mf; fhgph;fs; mtu;fis $l;lk;
cuj;j rj;jj;jpy; “,r; rpWtdJ $l;lkhf neUg;gpy; J}f;fpg; Nghl;ldu;.
,iwtd; ngauhy;”vd;W $wp mk;ig mtu;fs; my;yh`; kPjhd Mokhd
vwpe;jhd;. rpWtd; ,we;JtpLfpwhd;. ek;gpf;ifapy; ,Ue;jdu;.
,Nj Ntis xU ngz; jdJ
kf;fs; midtUk; mr;rpWtdpd; Foe;ij NahL Kd;Nd te;J rw;Wj;
,iw tid <khd; nfhz;L tpl;Nlhk; jLkhWgtshf epd;whs;. mg;NghJ
vd;wdu;. mg;NghJ murdpd; Njhoh;fs; mf;Foe;ij “jhNa! nghWikNahL
muridg; ghh;j;J “eP vjidg; ,Uq;fs;. epr;rakhf ePq;fs;
gae;jhNah mJ ele;J tpl;lJ. kf;fs; rj;jpaj;jpNyNa ,Uf;fpwPu;fs;.” vdf;
midtUk; <khd; nfhz;L tpl;ldu;” $wpaJ.
]yhj;ij Kjypy; Muk;gpf;f Ntz;baJ
1- rpwpNahu; ngupNahu; kPJ.
2- rpW njhifapdu; ngUk; njhifapdu; kPJ.
3- fle;J nry;gtu; cl;fhu;e;jpUg;gtu; kPJ.
4- thfdj;jpy; nry;gtu; ele;J nry;gtu; kPJ.
mjpfkhd `jP];fis mwptpj;Njhu;
5374- mG+`{iuuh (wop)
2630- mg;Jy;yh ,g;D cku;
2286- md]; ,g;D khypf;
2210- Map\h (wop)
1660- mg;Jy;yh ,g;D mg;gh];
1540- [hgpu; ,g;D mg;jpy;yh
* “kf;fSf;fhf fl;lg;gl;l Kjy; tPL gf;fh (kf;fh) tpNy ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,J
mUs;ghspf;fg;gl;ljhfTk; cyfj;jh Uf;F Neu;top fhl;lf;$bajhfTk; cs;sJ.”
(my; Fu;Md;)
* gf;fh> gioa tPL> ghJfhg;ghd ehL> efuq;fspd; jiyik (ck;Ky; Fuh) vd;W
gy ngau;fs; kf;fhTf;F cs;sd.
* “cyf kf;fs; midtUf;Fk; mUl; nfhilahfNt ehk; ck;ik (egpatu; fis)
mDg;gpitj;Njhk;.” cyfpd; kj;jpa ,lk; f/ghthFk;.
f/gh GJg;gpf;fg;gl;l tuyhW
`[;[h[; gpd; A+Rg; mg;Jy;yh` gpd; ]_igu;(uyp) Fiw\pfs; ,g;wh`pk; (miy)
tuyhW
my;yh`;tpd; Ntjid ,wf;fg;gl;l r%fq;fspy; Kf;fpakhdit
Mj; kj;ad;>
r%fk; ]%j; ma;fhthrpfs;
,lk; m`;fhg; gpuNjrk; kjh,D ]hyp`; `p[h]pd; tlgFjp
gpuNjrk;
mDg;gg;gl;l “Mj; r%fj;jpw;F “]%j; $l;lj;jpw;F “kj;aDf;F mtu;
egp mtu;fspd; rNfhju mtu;fspd; rNfhjuuhd fspd; rNfhjuuhd
uhd `{ij mDg;gp ]hypi` mDg;gp ~{ma;ig mDg;gp
itj;Njhk;.” itj;Njhk;.” itj;Njhk;”
-#wh `{j; : 50- -#wh `{j; : 61- -#wh `{j; : 84-
egp mDg;gg;
gl;l Mz;L fp.K. 4600 fp.K. 4400 fp.K. 3600
(fpl;lj;jl;l)
-ma;fh vDk; kuk;
tzq;fpait rpiy tzf;fk; rpiy tzf;fk;
-rpiy tzf;fk;
m/uhg;> `{j; m/uhg;>`{j;
,g;wh`Pk;>Gu;fhd; Gu;fhd;>,g;wh`Pk;> m/uhg;>`{j;>
,tu;fs; ~{muh>md;fg+j; ~{muh>ek;y;> `p[;u;>`[;>
gw;wpg; ]hj;>G];]pyj;> md;fg+j;>]hj;> ~{muh>]hj;>
NgRk; m`;fhg;>fhg;> fhg;>jhupahj;> md;fg+j;>fhg;
#whf;fs; jhupahj;>e[;k;> e[;k;>fku;>`hf;fh>
fku;>`hf;fh>g[;u; G&[;>g[;u;>~k;];
tiuglk; gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;Nthkh?
cyfg; glk; tiujy; fiy kpfg; gioaJ. ggpNyhdpah;> vfpg;jpah;>
rPdh;> fpNuf;fh; vd;Nghh; ,jid tsh;j;Js;sdh;. K];;ypk;fSk; ,jpy; ghupa
gq;fspg;G nra;Js;sdh;. ,g; gFjpapy; epGzh;fshd mwpQu;fs; tUkhW:
* Fthu];kp : ,th; Kjd; Kjypy; cyfg; glj;ij tiue;jth;fspy; xUth;.
* gy;fp : ,tu; KO cyfj;jpw;Fkhd glnkhd;iw tiue;jhh;.
* kf;jp]p : ,tu; cyfg;gl tiujypy; Kjd; Kjypy; epwq;fis mwpKfg;

gLj;jpdhu;.
* gp&dp : tl;l mikg;gpy; ,tu; cyfg;glj;ij tiue;jhh;.
* ,j;uP]p : cyfg;gl tiujypy; kpfg; gpurpj;jp ngw;wth;. `p.530 ,y;

epwq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp cyfg; glnkhd;iw tiue;jhh;. Kjd; Kjypy;
nts;sp ahy; g+Nfhsnkhd;iwr; nra;jtUk; ,tNu.
* hP]pNgup : c];khdpah;fspd; flw; gilj;jsgjp - Gtpapay; Jiw mwpQu;
mnkupf;fhtpd; glj;ij tiue;jhh;. nfhyk;g]; mnkupf;fhitf; fz;L
gpbf;f 27 Mz;LfSf;F Kd; ,th; fp.gp. 1465 (`p.870) ,y; ,tu;
mnkhpf;fhitf; fz;L gpbj;jhh;.
kf;jp]p gad;gLj;jpa epwq;fs;
ghijfs; - rptg;G epwk;
kzy; - kQ;ry; epwk;
fly; - gr;ir epwk;
MW - ePy epwk;
kiyfs; - kz; epwk;
,];yhkpa mwpQu;fs; tiue;j
cyfg; rpy cyfg; glq;fs;
i[`hdpapd;
(tiue;j cyfg;glk;)
,j;uP]p
(tiue;j cyfg; glk;)
Jitrh jPTf;F ‘Lth;;’
mg;Jy; t`;`hg; my;kpi]up
Neuk;rhpahfpaJ. shPGf;Fk;>
gps;isfSf;Fk; rupahd re;Njh~k;.
fl;bYf;F vy;NyhUk; gha;e;jhh;fs;.
mth;fs; vy;NyhUk; toikahf
nts;spf; fpoik khiyapy; Jitrh
jPTf;F ‘Lth;’ Nghthu;fs;. ke;jpuj;
jl;by; Vwpg; Nghthu;fs;. mtu;fNshL
Nrty; `]Dk; NghFk;.
E}Uk;> ejPKk;> ah]pUk; cl;fhu;e;J ,d;Wk; mtu;fs; Jitrh jPitg;
ghlq;fisg; ghh;j;Jf; Ngha;r; Nrh;e;jhu;fs;.
nfhz; b Uf; f pwhh; f s; . ; mth; f Sf; F “vkJ md;Gf;Fhpa jPNt ,Njh ehk;
Kd;dhy; epiwag; Gj;jfq;fs;.jkpopYk;> te;J tpl;Nlhk;”
muGnkhopapYk; > Mq; f pyj; j pYk; ghlrhiyNa! cdf;F lhl;lh
Gj;jfq;fs;. xl;lfk;- shPg; “,ijr; nra;! mijr; nra;ahNj”
mth; f Sf; F g; gf; f j; j pypUe; j J.
ghlrhiyapy; nfhLj; j epiwa vd;gnjy;yhj;jpw;Fk; ‘lhl;lh’ ‘lhl;lh’
Ntiyfis mth;fs; Kbf;f Ntz;Lk;. Jitrh eP th! th! th!
,g;gbg; gps;isfs; rj;jkpl;lhu;fs;.
mJtiuAk; xl;lfk; ‘shPg’; fhj;jpUe;jJ. gpwF ah]ph; fphP l k; mzpe; J
jkpo; nkhop Ntiyfis Kbj;jhy; rpk; k hrdj; j py; mku; e ; j hd; . mtdJ
fzf;Fg; ghlk;; tpQ;Qhdg; ghlk; gf;fj;jpy; E}Uk; ejPUk; fpuPlkzpe;J
fk;gpA+l;lu; ghlk;. mtw;wpd; cl;fhu;e;jhu;fs;. mJ me;jj; jPTf;
Ntiyfis Kbf;f Ntz;Lk;. mbf;fb fphPlk;. shPGk; $l mq;F fpilj;j xU
shPg; xl;lfk; Ntiyfs; Kbe;jjh? FUtpf; $l;il jiyapy; fphPlkhf
Kbe;jjh? vd;W Nfl;Lf; Nfl;Lf; itj;Jf; nfhz;lJ. Nrty; `]Df;F
nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jJ. mg;ghlh! xU khjphp ngUik nghWf;fKba tpy;iy. mjd;
ghlrhiy Ntiyfs; Kbe;jd. ,dp jiyapy;jhd; rptg;G epwj;jpy; fphPlk;
E}Uf;Fk;> ejPKf;Fk;> ah]pUf;Fk; tPl;L ,Uf;fpwNj. ehy;tUk; rpk;khrdj;jpy;
Ntiyfis Kbf;f Ntz;bA kpUe;jJ. mku Nrty; `rd; gf;fj; jpy; epd;wJ.
tPl;ilJg;guT nra;tjpy> gPq;fhd;fis Jitrh jPTthrpfs; ,g;NghJ Kd;Nd
fOtp itg;gjpy; mtu;fs; ck;khTf;F Kd;Nd te;jhh;fs;.
cjtp nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ,g;gb epiwa epiwa rpwpa> Fl;il gytifg;
tPl;L Ntiyfs;. gilg; G fs; te; j d. mtw; w pd;
,jw;fpilapy; shPg; xl;lfk; “Ntiyfs; Njhw;wq;fs; gaq; fukhfTk; ,Ue;jd.
Kbe;jdth” vd;W Nfl;gij kl;Lk; ghh;f;f ,dpikahf Tk; ,Ue;jd. mit
epWj;jtpy;iy. tise;J tise;J tupirahf te;jd.
tpUk;gpaijr; nra;jd. xd;W jdJ
filrpahf gps;isfs;. mOf;Ff;ifahy; nrhf;Nyl; rhg;gpl;lJ.
‘my; ` k; J ypy; y h`; ’ Ntiyfs; ,d;ndhd;W ,uT rhg;gpl KbahJ
vy;yhk; Kbe;J tpl;ld vd;W xl;lif vd;wJ. Ntnwhd;U kUe;J Fbf;f
shPGf;F $wpdu;. shPGf;F re;Njh~k;. KbahJ vd;wJ. ,d;ndhd;W epyj;jpy;
glq;fs;>ge;J> tPL fl;l rpd;dr; rpd;d Guz;L Guz;L cUz;L
gyifj;Jz;Lfs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; mJ tphpg;ignay;yhk; Gul;bg; Nghl;lJ.
vLj;J te;jJ. vy;NyhUk; ey;yh Ie;jhtnjhd;W nghpanjhU jz;zPh;
tpisahbdhu;fs;. mYf;F kl;Lk; ‘[f;if’ vLj;J nghpa fuzbiag;
tpisahbdhh;fs;. ,g;NghJ J}q;f Nghl;L mb mbnad;wbj;J nghpa
rj;jj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ. Mwhtjhf tpisah Ltk;> nrhf;Nyl; rhg;gpLtk;>
,Ue;j xd;wplk; CJ Foy; ,Ue;jJ. gha;tk;> XLNthk;” vd;whh;fs;. mg;NghJ
mij itj;J mJ CJ Cnjd;W muru; ah]ph; rpk;khrdj;jpy; mku;e;jhh;.
Cjpj; njhiyj;jJ. ,g;gb Jitrpfs; murp E}Uk; gf;fj;jpy; cl;fhh;e;jhh;.
nfhQ;r Neuk; jq;fsJ murd; ejPKk;>shPGk; cl;fhh;e;jdh;.
tpisahl;Lfisf; fhl;b dhh;fs;. gpwF ,g;NghJ ah]ph; cWjpahff; $wpdhh;.
ah]ph;> E}h;> ejPk;> shPg; vy;yhUk; “`rd; ,d;ndhU Kiw mwptpAq;fs;.
rpk;khrdj;jpypUe;J ,wq;fpdhh; fs;. Jitrpfs; xU fpoik nghWj;jpUf;
Nrty; `rDk; mth;fSf;Fg; gpd;dhy; fl;Lk;” Nrty; `rd; KOg; gyj;Jld;
te; j J. JitrpfsJ tise; j FuYau;j;jpf; $tpaJ. Jitrpfs;
tupirapy; mth; f Sk; fye; J ngUq; ftiyNahL mikjpahf cl;
nfhz;lhh;fs;. fhh;e;jhh;fs;. gps;isfs; ke;jpuj; jl;by;
gpwF vy; y hUk; ‘nrhf; N yl; ’ gwe;jhh;fs;.
Mw;Wf;Fg; Nghdhh;fs;. ey;yh tapW fhiyapy; gps;isfs; cw;rhfj;Jld;
epiwAkl;Lk; mq;F Fbj;jhh;fs;.
mtu; f sJ Kfk; > if vy; y hk;
nrhf;Nyl;. gpwF ah]ph; jz;zPh; [f;if
vLj;J fuz;bahy; mb mbnad;W
mbj;jhd;. nghyp]; eil ele;jhd;.
shPGk;> ejPKk; cUz;L cUz;L
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நகர்வு - இதழ் 06 ( (ஒக்டோபர் - டிசம்பர் 2009) )

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நகர்வு - இதழ் 06 ( (ஒக்டோபர் - டிசம்பர் 2009) )

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Nagarvu

ntspaPl;L Mnyhridf; FO 03. `jP]; njspTiu

m\;n\a;f; vk;.vk;.vk;. mfpah]; 06. Md;kPf tWikAk; mjw;fhd gupfhuKk; ................ 16

07. fsj;ij tpl;L gpd;thq;FjYk; kPs tUjYk; ......... 20

(`p[;uj; nra;tPuhf) 09. Muk;g fhy K];ypk;fspd; vOr;rpAk;

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efu;tpd; Gjpa gupzhkk;

my; F h; M dpd; ntWk; jdp VwKbatpy;iy - ‘k];jhC’

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gpj;mj; jPikAk; m\;n\a;f; vk;.N[.vk;.mughj; fuPk; (esPkp)

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c];jhj; vk;.V.vk;. kd;]_u; (esPkp)

,];yhk; kdpj tho;tpd; midj;Jg; gq;ifg; ngz; ngWfpd;whs; vd;gJ

03. jsghlq;fs; 200000.00

04. cil>mzpfyd;fs; 500000.00 100000.00

06. tyPkh 50000.00

07. jpUkzj; jpw;F Kd; - gpd;

nkhj;jk; 2000000.00 1850000.00 1050000.00 100000.00

kPjp 150000.00 950000.00

fpilf;Fk;. ,k; k`u;j; njhif nghWg;Gf;fs; vJTkpd;wp> mjidf;

my;Fu;Md; nghUshjhu rPu;epiy cz;ikfs; mtdJ cs;sj;jpy;

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efu;T - 06 ,yq;ifapd; ,];yhkpa rpe;jidf;fhd Ma;T rQ;rpif 19

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efu;T - 06 ,yq;ifapd; ,];yhkpa rpe;jidf;fhd Ma;T rQ;rpif 30

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* gy;fp : ,tu; KO cyfj;jpw;Fkhd glnkhd;iw tiue;jhh;.

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* gp&dp : tl;l mikg;gpy; ,tu; cyfg;glj;ij tiue;jhh;.

* ,j;uP]p : cyfg;gl tiujypy; kpfg; gpurpj;jp ngw;wth;. `p.530 ,y;

kf;fhtpy; vd;d ele;jJ?

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