Page 1 of 16

Chapter 10 Binomial Theorem

Try these 10.1
(a)

n!
n!
=
(n + 3)! (n + 3)(n + 2)(n + 1) n !
1
=
(n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3)

(b) n! + (n + 1)! + (n - 2)!

= n(n 1) (n 2)! + (n + 1)n (n 1) (n 2)! + (n 2)!
= (n 2)! [n(n 1) + (n + 1) n(n 1) + 1]
= (n 2)! [n2 n + n3 n + 1]
= (n 2)! (n3 + n2 2n + 1)

Exercise 10A
1

(a)
(b)
(c)

(1 + x)4 = 1 + 4C1 x + 4C2 x2 + 4C3 x3 + x4

= 1 + 4x + 6x2 + 4x3 + x4
(1 x)5 = 1 + 5C1(x) + 5C2(x)2 + 5C3(x)3 + 5C4(x)4 + (x)5
= 1 5x + 10x2 10x3 + 5x4 x5
(1 + 2x)5 = 1 + 5C1(2x) + 5C2(2x)2 + 5C3(2x)3 + 5C4(2x)4 + (2x)5
= 1 + 10x + 40x2 + 80x3 + 80x4 + 32x5
4

(d)

(e)

2 4 2
2 2
4
4
1 x = 1 + C1 x + C2 x + C3 x + x
3
3
3
3
3
8
8
32 3 16 4
=
1
x + x2
x +
x
3
3
27
81
(3 + x)6 =36 + 6C1 (3)5 ( x) + 6C2 (3)4 ( x)2 + 6C3 (3)3 ( x)3

+ 6C4 (3)2 ( x)4 + 6C5 (3)( x)5 + ( x)6

=729 + 1458 x + 1215 x 2 + 540 x 3 + 135 x 4 + 18 x 5 + x 6
2

(3 2 x)5 =
35 + 5C1 (3) 4 (2 x) + 5C2 (3)3 (2 x)2 + 5C3 (3)2 (2 x)3 + 5C4 (3) (2 x)4 + (2 x)5
=243 810 x + 360 x 2 720 x3 + 240 x 4 32 x5

(1 2 x )9 =+
1 9C1 ( 2 x ) + 9C2 ( 2 x ) 2 + 9C3 ( 2 x )3

=
1 18 x + 144 x 2 672 x3
4

(a)
(b)

(the first four terms)

(4 x ) = 4 + C1 (4)9 ( x ) + 10C2 (4)8 ( x ) 2

= 1 048 576 2 621 440 x + 2 949 120 x2
(1 x)15 = 115 + 15C1 ( x) + 15C2 ( x) 2
10

10

10

=
1 15 x + 105 x 2
(c)

2 + x
3

10

=
1024 +

(a)

(1 3x)10

1
1
=
210 + 10C1 (2)9 x + 10C2 (2)8 x
3
3

5120
x + 1280 x 2
3

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 10

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(b)

(c)

Term
in x 6 10C6 (1) 4 ( 3x )6
=
= 210 729x6
= 15 3090 x6
Coefficienticient of x6 = 15 3090
(2 + 3x)12
Term in x6 = 12C6(2)6 (3x)6
= 924 64 729x6
= 43 110 144 x6
Coefficienticient of x6 = 43 110 144
(1 2x)9
Term
in x 6
=

C6 (1)3 ( 2 x )6

= 84(64) x 6

= 5376x 6
(d) (3 + x)15
Term in x 6 = 15C6 (3)9 ( x)6
= 5005 19 683 x6
= 98 513 415 x6
(1 3x)8
(a) There are 9 terms
(b) Term in x5 = 8C5(1)3 (3x)5 = 56 (243)x5
= 13 608x5
(c) The fifth term is the term in x4:
Fifth
term 8C4 (1) 4 ( 3x )4
=
= 70 81x4
= 5670x4
(a)
(1 + 4x)7
7
Fifth term =
C4 (1)3 (4 x ) 4 =
35 256 x 4 =
8960 x 4 .
(b) (2 x)11
11
Sixth term =
C5 (2)6 ( x)5 =
462 64( x)5 =
29 568 x5
(c)

3 x
3

12

10

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 10

2
Seventh term = C6 (3) x =924 64 x 6 =59 136 x 6
3
6
3
Expanding (1 2x) up to x :
(1 2 x )6 =+
1 6C1 ( 2 x ) + 6C2 ( 2 x ) 2 + 6C3 ( 2 x )3 +
= 1 12x + 60x2 160x3 +
(1 x) (1 2 x)6 =
(1 x) (1 12 x + 60 x 2 160 x3 + ...)
Coefficienticient of x3 = 160 60 = 220
(2 x) (3 + x)5
= (2 x) (35 + 5C1(3)4 (x) + 5C2(3)3 (x)2+ )
= (2 x) (243 + 405x + 270x2+ )
= 486 + 810x + 540x2 243x 405x2 +
(up to x2)
2
= 486 + 567x + 135x +
Since 486 + 567x + 135x2 = a + bx + cx2
a = 486, b = 567, c = 135
(2 x)5
12

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Third term
= 5C2 (2)3 ( =
x ) 2 80 x 2 .
(1 + ax)6
Fourth
term 6=
=
C3 (1)3 (ax)3 20 a3 x3
Coefficienticient of third term =
80 =

1
Coefficienticient of fourth term
2

20a 3
2

a3 = 8 a = 2
8

11

x
x
General term of the expansion is
8

2
Cr
x

8 r

( x )r

Cr 28 r x 8 + r ()r x r

= () r 8Cr 28 r x 8 + 2r
For the term independent of x: 8 + 2r = 0, r = 4
The term independent of x is
() 4 8C4 28 4 = 70 16 = 1120
10

12

3
3
2 5x
x
General term of the expansion is
10 r

3
Cr 2
(5 x3 )r 10Cr (3)10 r ( x 2 )10 r ( 5)r x 3r
=
x
10
Cr (3)10 r ( 5)r x 20 + 2r + 3r
=
10

= 10Cr (3)10 r (5)r x 20 + 5r

For the term independent of x
20 + 5r = 0
5r = 20
r=4
The term independent of x is
10
C4 (3)6 (5)4 = 210 729 625
= 95 681 250
15

13

2
2
3 + 4x
x

General term of the expansion is:

15

2
Cr 3
x

15 r

(4 x 2 )r

= 15Cr (2)15 r x 45 + 3r 4r x 2r
= 15Cr (2)15 r (4) r x 45 + 5r
For the term independent of x: 45 + 5r = 0
r=9
The term independent of x is:
Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 10

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C9 (2)6 (4)9 = 5005 64 262 144

= 83 969 966 080
15

14

1
4
2 3x
2x
General term of the expansion is:
6r

1
Cr 2 (3x 4 ) r
2x
6
= Cr (21 )6 r ( x 2 )6 r (3) r ( x 4 ) r
6

= 6Cr (2) 6 + r (3) r x 12 + 6r

For the term independent of x: 12 + 6r = 0
r=2
The term independent of x: 6 C2 (2) 4 (3) 2
= 15
=
15

16

17

1
9
16

135
16

(1 + 2x)5 = 1 + 5C1(2x) + 5C2(2x)2 +

= 1 + 10x + 40x2 +
(b) (1 3x)5 = 1 + 5C1(3x) + 5C2(3x)2 +
= 1 15x + 90x2 +
(1 + 2x)5 (1 3x)5 = [(1 + 2x) (1 3x)]5
= (1 x 6x2)5
= (1 + 10x + 40x2 + ) (1 15x + 90x2 + )
Coefficienticient of x2 = 90 150 + 40 = 20
(2 + x )5 =25 + 5C1 (2) 4 ( x ) + 5C2 (2)3 ( x ) 2 +
= 32 + 80x + 80x2 +
(1 + px + qx2) (2 + x5)
= (1 + px + qx2) (32 + 80x + 80x2 + )
= 32 + 80x + 80x2 + 32px + 80px2 + 32qx2 +
= 32 + x (80 + 32p) + x2(80 + 80p + 32q) +
Coefficienticient of x = 16 80 + 32p = 16
p = 2
80 + 80p + 32q = 16
80 160 + 32q = 16
96
=
q = 3
32
(1 4x)7 = 1 + 7C1(4x) + 7C2(4x)2
= 1 28x + 336x2 +
(1 + 2x 3x2) (1 4x)7 = (1 + 2x 3x2) (1 28x + 336x2 + )
Coefficienticient of x2 = 336 + (2) (28) 3
= 336 56 3
= 277
(a)

18

(a)

1
1
1 + 6C1 x + 6C2 x +
1 x =
4
4
4
6
15
=
1 x + x2 +
4
16

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 10

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3
15
x + x2 +
2
16
(2 + x)6 = 26 + 6C1 (2)5 (x) + 6C2 (2)4 (x)2 +
= 64 + 192 + 240x2 +
=
1

(b)

1
1

6
1 x (2 + x ) = 1 x (2 + x )
4
4

1
1

= 2 + x x x2

2
4
1
1

= 2 + x x 2

2
4

15
3

=1 x + x 2 + (64 + 192 x + 240 x 2 + )

2
16

3
15
240 (192) + (64)
Coefficienticient of x2 =
2
16
= 240 288 + 60 = 12
19

(a)

2 y
3

=
Term
in y
4

= 15 4

1
C4 2 y
3

1 4
y
81

60 4
y
81

4
Coefficienticient of y=

60 20
=
81 27

10

(b)

4
y y
General term of the expansion is
r

4
Cr y

y
10
10 r
=
Cr y
( 4)r ( y r )
10

20

10 r

= 10Cr (4) r y10 2r

10 2r = 4
2r = 6
r=3
10
Coefficienticient of y4 =
C3 (4)3 =
7680
2
8
(1 2x) (1 + px)
=(1 4 x + 4 x 2 ) (1 + 8C1 ( px ) + 8C2 ( px ) 2 + )

=(1 4 x + 4 x 2 ) (1 + 8 px + 28 p 2 x 2 + )
=+
1 8 px + 28 p 2 x 2 4 x 32 px 2 + 4 x 2 +
= 1 + x(8p 4) + x2(28p2 32p + 4) +
Since (1 2 x ) 2 (1 + px )8 1 + 20 x + qx 2 +
Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 10

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1 + x(8 p 4) + x 2 (28 p 2 32 p + 4) = 1 + 20 x + qx 2
8 p 4= 20 p= 3

28 p 2 32 p + 4 =
q

=
q 28(3) 2 32(3) + 4
= 160

Exercise 10B
1

1 2
1 2 5

3 3 2 3 3 3 3
1
1/ 3
(1 + x ) =+
1
x+
x +
x +
3
2!
3!
1
1
5
= 1 + x x 2 + x3 + , for 1 < x < 1
3
9
81
( 2)( 3) 2 ( 2)( 3)( 4)
(1 + x ) 2 = 1 + ( 2)( x ) +
( x) +
( x )3 +
2!
3!
=
1 2 x + 3x 2 4 x3 + , for 1 < x < 1
1
= (1 + x ) 3
(1 + x )3
(3)(4)
(3)(4)(5) 3
= 1 + (3)( x) +
( x) 2 +
( x)
2!
3!
= 1 3x + 6 x 2 10 x3 + , for 1 < x < 1
1/ 2

(4 x )

1/ 2

x
= 4 1
4

= 41/ 2 1

1
=2 1 +
2

1/ 2

1
x +
4

1

2

1

2
2!

1
x +
4

1

2

1

2

3 x

2
4
+
3!

1 2
1 3
1

= 2 1 x
x
x +
128
1024
8

1
1 2
1 3
x
= 2 x
x
x + , for 1 < < 1
4
64
512
4
4 < x < 4
1

1
2
= (2 x + 3) 1 = 3 1 + x

2x + 3
3

2
3

1
2 (1)(2) 2 (1) (2) (3) 2
+

=
+
x
x
1 + (1) x +

3
2! 3
3!
3
3

1 2
4
8 3

1 x + x2
x +

3 3
9
27

1 2
4 2 8 3
3
3
= x+
x x + , for < x <
3 9
27
81
2
2

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1 2

1
3
3
3 1 3 x =(1 3 x ) =
1 + ( 3 x ) +
( 3 x )2 +
3
2!
5
1
1
=1 x + x 2 x3 , for < x <
3
3
3
1
3

1
x

(2 x ) 1 =
2 1 1
=

2x
2

7
=

1 2 5

3
3
3
( 3 x )3 +
3!

2
3

1
x (1) (2) x (1) (2) (3) x

+
1 + (1) +

2
2!
3!
2
2
2

1 1
1
1

1 + x + x 2 + x3 +

2 2
4
8

1 1
1
1
= + x + x 2 + x3 + , for 2 < x < 2
2 4
8
16
1
= ( 1 + 2 x ) 2 = ( 1) 2 (1 2 x ) 2
(2 x 1)2
( 2) ( 3)
( 2) ( 3) ( 4)
= 1 + ( 2) ( 2 x ) +
( 2 x ) 2 +
( 2 x )3 +
2!
3!
1
1
=1 + 4 x + 12 x 2 + 32 x3 + , for < x <
2
2
1
2
(1 x ) + (1 2 x )
(1) (2)
(1) (2) (3)
= 1 + (1) ( x) +
( x) 2 +
( x )3 +
2!
3!
(2) (3)
(2) (3) (4)
+ 1 + (2) (2 x) +
(2 x) 2 +
(2 x)3 +
2!
3!
= 1 + x + x 2 + x 3 + 1 + 4 x + 12 x 2 + 32 x 3 +
=

10

=2 + 5 x + 13x 2 + 33x 3 +
1 x
(a)
(1 x ) (1 + x ) 1/ 2
=
1+ x

(b)

1 3
1 3


1
2
2
2
2
2

= (1 x ) 1 + ( x ) +
( x) +
2!
3!
2

1
3
5

=(1 x) 1 x + x 2 x3 +
2
8
16

1
3
5
1
3
5
=1 x + x 2 x3 x + x 2 x3 + x 4 +
2
8
16
2
8
16
3
7 2 11 3
=
1 x + x x + (first four terms)
2
8
16
2+ x
(2 + x ) (2 x ) 1
=
2x
1

x
(2 + x ) 2 1
=

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 10

5

2

( x )3 +

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2
3

1
x (1) (2) x (1)(2)(3) x
=
(2 + x) 1 + (1) +
+
+
2
2! 2
3!
2
2

1 2 1 3
1 2 1 3 1 4

2 + x + 2 x + 4 x + x + 2 x + 4 x + 8 x + ...
1
1

=
2 + 2 x + x 2 + x3 + ...

2
2

1
1
=1 + x + x 2 + x 3 +
2
4
2
(1 + x )
=
(1 + x ) 2 (2 + x ) 1
2+ x

(c)

1
1
1
1

(2 + x) 1 + x + x 2 + x3 + ...
2
2
4
8

1
2

1
=(1 + 2 x + x ) (2) 1 + x

2
2

2
3

1
1 (1) (2) 1 (1) (2) (3) 1
(1 + 2 x + x 2 ) 1 + (1) x +
x +
x +
2
2!
3!
2
2
2

1
1
1
1

=
(1 + 2 x + x 2 ) 1 x + x 2 x3 +
2
2
4
8

1 1
1
1
1
1

=
1 x + x 2 x3 + 2 x x 2 + x3 + x 2 x3 +

2 2
4
8
2
2

1 3
1
1

= 1 + x + x 2 x3 +
2 2
4
8

1 3
1
1
= + x + x 2 x3 +
2 4
8
16

11

2
= 2 (1 3x 2 ) 1
1 3x 2

(1) (2)
(1) (2) (3)

= 2 1 + (1) (3x 2 ) +
(3x 2 ) 2 +
(3x 2 )3
2!
3!

(1) (2) (3) (4)

+
(3x 2 ) 4 +
4!

= 2 [1 + 3x 2 + 9 x 4 + 27 x 6 + 81x8 + ]

12

=+
2 6 x 2 + 18 x 4 + 54 x 6 + 162 x8 + ...
1 1
1 1 3

2 2 2 2 2 2 3
1
1/ 2
Using (1 + x ) =
1+ x +
x +
x +
2
2!
3!
1
1
1
=
1 + x x 2 + x3 +
2
8
16
1
1
1
x =0.02 (1 + 0.02)1/ 2 =1 + (0. 02) (0.02) 2 +
(0.02)3 +
2
8
16
1.02 =
1 + 0.01 0.00005 + 0.0000005 +
= 1.0099505
= 1.0100 (4 dp)

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 10

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Page 9 of 16

13

1
(0.97) 4
1
= (1 x) 4
4
(1 x)

(4)(5)2
(4)(5)(6)
(4)(5)(6)(7)
( x) 2 +
( x )3 +
( x) 4 + ...
2!
3!
4!
=+
1 4 x + 10 x 2 + 20 x 3 + 35 x 4 + ...
= 1 + (4)( x) +

x =0.03 (1 0.03) 4 =1 + 4(0.03) + 10(0.03) 2 + 20(0.03)3 + 35(0.03) 4

14

(0.97) 4 1 + 0.12 + 0.009 + 0.00054 + 0.00003

= 1.129757
1.1296 (4 dp)
(2) (3)
(1 + 2 x) 2 = 1 + (2) (2 x) +
(2 x) 2 + ...
2!
= 1 4x + 12x2 +
2

1 x
(1 x ) 2 (1 + 2 x ) 2
1 + 2 x =

=(1 2 x + x 2 ) (1 4 x + 12 x 2 + )
=
1 4 x + 12 x 2 2 x + 8 x 2 + x 2 +
1 6 x + 21x 2
15

f ( x) =

x2 + 2x + 3
(1 + x) (2 + x) (1 x)

x2 + 2x + 3
A
B
C

+
+
(1 + x) (2 + x) (1 x) (1 + x) (2 + x) (1 x)

x 2 + 2 x + 3 A(2 + x)(1 x) + B (1 + x)(1 x) + C (1 + x)(2 + x)

When x = 1, 2 = 2A A = 1
When x = 2, 3 = 3B B = 1
When x = 1, 6 = 6C A = 1
1
1
1
f ( x) =

+
1+ x 2 + x 1 x

= (1 + x ) 1 (2 + x ) 1 + (1 x ) 1
1

1
x
= (1 + x) 1 1 + + (1 x) 1
2
2
2
(1)(2) 2 1

1 (1)(2) 1
1 + (1)( x) +
x 1 + (1) x +
x

2!
2! 2

2
2
(1)(2)

+ 1 + (1)( x) +
( x) 2
2!

1
1
1
= 1 x + x2 + x x2 + 1 + x + x2
2 4
8
3 1
15
= + x + x2
2 4
8

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 10

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Page 10 of 16

16

17

31
31 1


3
22

3/ 2
2 22 2
(1 x) =1 + ( x) +
( x) +
( x)3 + ...
2
2!
3!

3
3 2 1 3
=
1 x + x +
x + ...
2
8
16
3
1
a = , b =
2
16
6x + 4
A
Bx + C

+
2
1
2
x
(1 2 x) (1 + 3x )
1 + 3x 2

6 x + 4 A(1 + 3x 2 ) + ( Bx + C ) (1 2 x)
1
7
x=
7 = A A= 4
2
4
x =0 4 = A+ C C =0
Coefficient of x 2 0 = 3 A 2 B, 2 B = 12, B = 6
6x + 4
4
6x

+
2
(1 2 x) (1 + 3x ) 1 2 x 1 + 3x 2
( 1) ( 2)
( 1) ( 2) ( 3)

1
4(1 2 x ) =
4 1 + ( 1) ( 2 x ) +
( 2 x ) 2 +
( 2 x )3 +

2!
3!

= 4 (1 + 2 x + 4 x 2 + 8 x3 + ...)
=4 + 8 x + 16 x 2 + 32 x3
( 1) ( 2)

1
6 x (1 + 3x 2 )=
6 x 1 + ( 1) (3x 2 ) +
(3x 2 ) 2

2!

= 6 x (1 3x 2 + 9 x 4 )
=6 x 18 x 3 +
6x + 4

=4 + 8 x + 16 x 2 + 32 x 3 + 6 x 18 x 3 +
2
(1 2 x ) (1 + 3 x )
=+
4 14 x + 16 x 2 + 14 x3

18

1
(1 + x ) =+
1 ( x) +
5
1
5

=
1+

1

5

4
1 4


5
5
5
2
( x) +
2!
3!

9

5

( x )3 +

1
2 2
6 3
x
x +
x
5
25
125
1/5

31=

1
32 1= (32 1) = 32 1
32

= 321/ 5 1

32

1/5

1/ 5

3
1 1 2 1 2
6 1
2 1 +

5 32 25 32
125 32

=
2[1 0.00625 0.000078 0.00000 46484]
= 1.9873 (4 dp)

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 10

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Page 11 of 16

Review exercise 10
1

(a + x)5 + (1 2x)4
= a5 + 5C1 a4x + 5C2 a3 x2 ++ 1 + (4)(2x) + 4C2(2x)2.
Coefficient of x2 = 5C2 a3 + 4C2 (2)2
= 10a3 + 24
10a3 + 24 = 664
10a3 = 640
a3 = 64
a = 3 64 = 4

( p + 2x) =
7

p 7 + 7 C1 p 6 ( 2 x ) + 7 C2 p 5 ( 2 x ) + 7 C3 p 4 ( 2 x ) +
2

Coefficient of x2 = 7C2 p5 (4) = 84 p5

Coefficient of x3 = 7C3 p4(8) = 280 p4
Since the coefficient of x2 = coefficient of x3
84 p5 = 280 p4
280 10
p=
=
84
3
3

(4 3x) 1 x

1 n (n 1) 1
=

(4 3x) 1 + (n) x +
x

+ ...
2! 4
4

1
1

=
(4 3x) 1 nx +
n(n 1) x 2 + ...
4
32

1
3
= 4 nx + n (n 1) x2 3x + nx 2 + ...
8
4
1
3

= 4 + x( n 3) + x 2 n (n 1) + n +
8
4

1
8

4 13x + px2 = 4 + x( n 3) + x 2 n(n 1) +

3
n
4

Equating coefficients of x :
n 3 = 13
n + 3 = 13 n = 10
1
3
1
3
=
p
n (n 1) + =
n
(10) (9) + (10)
8
4
8
4
= 18.75
(3 2x)30
Term in x3 = 30C3 (3)27 (2x)3 coefficient of x3 = 30C3 (3)27 (2)3
Term in x4 = 20C4 (3)26 (2x)4 coefficient of x4 = 20C4 (3)26 (2)4
p 30 C3 (3) 27 (2)3
=
q 30 C4 (3) 26 (2) 4
30!
(3)
= 27!3!
30!
(2)
26!4!
2
=
9
(5 + px) (3 x)6

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 10

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Page 12 of 16

= (5 + px) (3 + 6C1 (x)) +

= (5 + px) (3 6x) up to the term in x
Coefficient of x = 30 + 3p = 0
3p = 30
p = 10
4x 1
A
B

+
(1 x)(1 + 2 x) 1 x 1 + 2 x
4x 1 A (1 + 2x) + B (1 x)
x = 1 3 = 3A A = 1
1
3
x = 3 = B B = 2
2
2
4x 1
1
2

(1 x)(1 + 2 x) 1 x 1 + 2 x
1
( 1)( 2)
( 1)( 2)( 3)
= (1 x )1 = 1 + ( 1)( x ) +
( x )2 +
( x )3 +
1 x
2!
3!
= 1 + x + x2 + x3+, for 1 < x <1
2
(1)(2)
(1)(2)(3)

= 2(1 + 2 x) 1= 2 1 + (1)(2 x) +
(2 x) 2 +
(2 x)3 + ...
1 + 2x
2!
3!

2
3
= 2 1 2 x + 4 x 8 x + ...

=2 4 x + 8 x 2 16 x 3 + ... , for

1
1
<x<
2
2

4x 1
=1 + x + x 2 + x 3 (2 4 x + 8 x 2 16 x 3 )
(1 x)(1 + 2 x)
1
1
= 1 + 5 x 7 x 2 + 17 x 3 , for
<x<
2
2
15 7 x x 2
A
B
C

+
+
( x + 2)(3 x) 2 2 + x 3 x (3 x) 2
15 7x x2 A (3 x)2 + B (2 + x) (3 x) + C (2 + x)
x = 3 15 21 9 = 5C
15 = 5C, C = 3
25
x = 2 15 + 14 4 = 25A, A =
=1
25
Coefficient of x2 1 = A B, B = A + 1 = 1 + 1 = 2
15 7 x x 2
1
2
3

=
+

2
( x + 2)(3 x)
2 + x 3 x (3 x) 2
1
= (2 + x) 1
2+ x

= (2) 1 + x
2

1
1 (1)(2) 1
=
+

+
1
(
1)
x
x

+ ...
2
2! 2
2

1 1
1
= x + x 2 + ..., for 2 < x < 2
2 4
8
2
= 2 (3 x) 1
3 x
1

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 10

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 13 of 16

1
= 2 (3) 1 1 x
3
2

2
1 (1)(2) 1
=
1 + (1) x +
x + ...
3
2! 3
3

2 1
1 2

=
1 + x + x + ...
3
3
9

2 2
2 2
= + x+
x + ..., for 3 < x < 3
3 9
27
3
=
3(3 x )2
2
(3 x )
1

= 3(3)2 1

3
1
=
1 + (2)
9
3

(2)(3) 1
x +
x + ...
2!

1
2
1 2

1 + x + x + ...
3
3
3

1 2
1
= + x + x 2 + ... , for 3 < x < 3
3 9
9
15 7 x x 2
1 1
1
2 2
2 2 1 2
1

= x + x2 + + x +
x + + x + x 2 +, for 2 < x < 2
2
( x + 2)(3 x)
2 4
8
3 9
27
3 9
9
1 2 1 1
2
2
1
2 2 1 2
+ + x + x + x + x2 +
x + x
2 3 3 4
9
9
8
27
9
3 25
567 2
+
x+
x , for 2 < x < 2
2 36
216
=

1
1 5

5
5
4
3 1
x =x + C1 x + C2 x + ...
x

x
x
Coefficient of x = 5C2 = 10
1 1
1 1 3

2 2
2
3
1
2
2
2
1/ 2
(1 2x ) =
1 + ( 2x ) +
2x ) +
2x ) +
(
(
2
2!
3!
1 2 1 3
=1 x x x + ...
2
2
x = 0.01
1
1
(1 2(0.01))1/ 2 =1 0.01 (0.01)2 (0.01)3
2
2
0.98 =
1 0.01 0.00005 0.0000005
= 0.9899495
= 0.9899 (4 dp)
(1 + x)6 = 1 + 6C1x + 6C2x2 + 6C3 x3 + 6C4 x4 + 6C5 x5 + x6
= 1 + 6x + 15x2 + 20x3 + 15x4 + 6x5 + x6
When x = 0.02
(1 + 0.02)6 = 1 + 6 (0.02) + 15 (0.02)2 +20 (0.02)3 + 15 (0.02)4
(1.02)6 = 1 + 0.12 + 0.006 + 0.00016 + 0.0000024
= 1.1261624
5

10

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 10

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 14 of 16

= 1.12616
11

12

13

(5 dp)

(1 x) 2 = 1 + (2)( x) +

(2)(3)
(2)(3)(4)
( x) 2 +
( x)3 + ...
2!
3!

=+
1 2 x + 3x 2 + 4 x 3 + ...
When x = 0.002, (1 0.002)2 = 1 + 2(0.002) + 3(0.002)2 + 4 (0.002)3 +
(0.998)2 = 1 + 0.004 + 0.000012 + 0.000000032
= 1.004012032
1

=
1.00401 (5 dp)
0.9982
2 5
2 5 8

3 3
3 3 3
2

2/3
2
(1 + 3x) = 1 + (2 x) +
(3x) +
(3x)3
2!
3!
3
2 5 8 11

3 3 3 3
+
(3x) 4 + ...
4!
2 5 8 11
34
3 3 3 3
4
Coefficient of x =
4 3 2
110
=
3
1/ 2
1
1/2
1/2
(4 + x) = 4 1 + x

1 1
1 1 3
1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 3

=
2 1 + x +
x +
x + ...
2!
3!
2 4

4
4

1 2
1
1

= 2 1 + x
x +
x 3 + ...
8
128
1024

1
1 2
1 3
=+
2
x
x +
x + ...
4
64
512
When x = 0.004
1
1
1
(4 + 0.004)1/ 2 =
2 + (0.004) (0.004) 2 +
(0.004)3 + ...
4
16
512
2 + 0.001 0.000001 + 0.000000000125
= 2.000999
= 2.0010 (4 dp)
12

14

2 2
x +
x
General term is
12

2 12r

Cr (x )

2

x

= 12Cr x 24-2 r 2r x - r

= 12Cr x 24 3r 2r
For the term independent of x: 24 3r = 0
r=8
Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 10

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 15 of 16

The term independent of x is 12C8 28 = 495 256 = 126 720

9

15

3x 2
x

General term is
r

4
Cr (3x)9 r 2
x
9
9r 9r
= Cr 3 x (4) r ( x 2 ) r
9

= 9Cr (4) r 39 r x 9 3r
Term independent of x: 9 3r = 0 r = 3
9C3 (4)3 (3)6 = 84 (64) 729 = 3 919 104
8

16

2
x
=
x

( )

+ 8C1

( )
x

2 8

+ C2
x

( )

6
2
x
+ ...
x

= x 4 + 8C1 x 3 (2) + 8C2 x 2 (2) 2 + ...

17

Coefficient of x2 = 8C2 (2)2 = 28 4 = 112

(2 + px)5 = 25 + 5C1 (2)4 (px) + 5C2 (2)3 (px)2 +
= 32 + 80px + 80p2x2
80p = 262/3
1
p=
3
2

1 80
q = 80 p = 80 =
9
3
1+ x
(1 + x )1/ 2 (1 x )1/ 2
=
1 x

1 1

1
2
2 2
1
x 1 + (x ) +
1 + x +
2
2!

18

1 3

2
2
( x )2
2!

1
1
1
3

1 + x x 2 1 + x + x 2
2
8
2
8

1
3
1
1
1
1+ x + x2 + x + x2 x2
2
8
2
4
8
1
=1 + x + x 2
2
1
2
1+
1
1 1 1
10
Let x =
,
+
1+
1
10
10 2 10
1
10

11/10
1
1
1+
+
9 /10
10 200
11
200 + 20 + 1

200
9
221
11
3
200

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 10

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 16 of 16

11

19

663
200

1 1

1
2
2
1/ 2
1 + 2t =(1 + 2t ) =1 + (2t ) +
(2t )2 +
2
2!
1 2
= 1+t t +
2
1 + pt
(1 + pt ) (1 + qt ) 1
=
1 + qt
(1)(2)

= (1 + pt ) 1 + (1) (qt ) +
(qt ) 2 + ...
2!

2 2
(1 + pt ) (1 qt + q t )

1 qt + q 2t 2 + pt pqt 2
1 + t (p q) + t2 (q2 pq)
Equating coefficients of t: p q = 1

20

1
1
1
3
Equating coefficient of t2: q2 pq = q( p q) = q = , p =
2
2
2
2
3 (1 3 x )
1

= (1 3 x ) 3

1 2
1 2 5

3 3 3
2
1
3 3
=1 + ( 3 x ) +
3 x ) +
( 3 x )3 +
(
3
2!
3!
5
1
1
=1 x x 2 x 3 + ..., for < x <
3
3
3

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 10

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013