INTERFACING OF ANALOG AND

DIGITAL SYSTEMS

amples of some real world objects which are both analog and digi

The BIG Picture

Sensors/ Transducer
Light

Temperature
Acceleration
Humidity
Pressure
etc.

Resistance
Capacitance
Current
Voltage
etc.

Maps a physical phenomenon change to a

electrical signal change.

Signal Conditioning

Many possible functions of this stage:

Amplification
Attenuation
Filtering (highpass, Iowpass, bandpass, or

bandstop)
Differentiation
Integration
Linearization, etc.

Actuators
Device to produce action or motion
For eg. Electrical motors, hydraulic and

pneumatic pumps etc.

DIGITAL INTERFACES
SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface)
General purpose synchronous serial interface,

operates in full duplex mode.

Allow microcontroller to communicate with
peripheral devices like EEPROMs etc.
Device communicates using Master-Slave
relationship, master generates the data frame.
Master generates clock , select slave, data
transfer occur in either or both directions.

Four signals:
SCK : Clock
SI : Master data output, Slave data input
SO : Slave data output, Master data input
CS/SS : Chip/ Slave select
Single Slave, Single Slave SPI implementation

Single Master, Multiple Slave SPI implementation

I2C (Inter IC interface)

Simple Master- Slave interface
Bi directional 2 wire design