= Kaouneg 9 w62i~ 40 91NbH pa Oxf eusyow ns fayee* Kaiousuns 4 BNvdoud wos nyuovia AdTVHANA ~ 3uNSS3Nd sr 2a 84/04 Ad TWHIND oon 008 sunssaue 3209 1st‘puvdosa sog weaSeyg AdpeyauE-oansserd PCG TYNTA “avnue AdTMANI = y. 4 7] mn 3 Bears a a i Semen PT” asain Aloe 5 Len renames ead a Guwow vos revsovia AaIWHING-3UNSSTAA geass ¢The ‘seme thing can be accomplished with @ rule. The tota) distance between the two curves, at 2 given pressure, 1s equivalent to one (x + y). Starting with the saturated liquid curve, meacore to the right a distance equivalent to the known "y" (or measure to the left from the caturared woe por Curve @ distance equivalent to the know: "x'). Locate this point and read enthalpy. Or, keowe ing the mixture enthalpy, locate a point ab the kiown pressure and measure distances «and 9, [ables of data are available which are equivalent to Figures like 9.5. Table 9.1 for propane is a typical example. It 1s composed of a saturated properties table and one for the supernest region. One can read values more precisely from tables then from figures. This is an obvious advan= tage but might not be significant from an accuracy viewpoint, depending on the quality of the basic Gata being used. Once again, an error of 5-6% normally is not significant. On the other hand, Floures are more convenient in many cases because @ process my be represented on the figure as illustrated later in the refrigeration chapter. lotice that the values of enthalpy and entropy from the propane table do not check with those found from the figure. | The reason? They must be at different datum conditions. You cannot tell hat the datum 1s for the table by looking at it. Gn some tables you can find the datum by notice ing the temperature at which h = 0 for saturated liquid. Appendix 2 at the end of this volume contains data for other substances. ixtures The thermodynamic properties of a mixture may be calculated from the P-V-T equations of state using the basic equations which define concepts like H, Uand §. This 1s the approach used with a computer. Like Z and k, calculation of the energy terms is a "Fitting" operation. Different. ecua~ trons and combination rules give different results. In fact, values of H and S are orten less accu- rate than those obtained for Z and K. The error 1s particularly acute in the cryogenic range of senperatures. The same P-V-T mathematics may be used to prepare charts suitable for manual calculation. One get of these is shown in the current GPSA Data Book. Tey are based on Pry Ty and» lacentric fector) discussed in Chapter S. It is not likely that one would use this’ procedure for a manual calculation since it is laborious (even though it is routine). For those occasions where a manual calculation fs indicated, there are satisfactory correla jons for enthalpy based on molecular weight of the fluid, Some of these have joven very satistace tory because they check the more complex calculations quite well. In previous editions of this book I included enthalpy charts for hydrocarbon fluids that were cased on those presented in the 1957 NGPSMA Data Book. These have proven very satisfactory ang ave Still useful. The values included in this edition are based on a correlation prepared by Grown and Root for roe 1872 GPSA Data Book, They tend to be slightly ore relfable fer sone fluids. These values rave been presented ina form illustrated by the Figure below. ESE TOTAL ENTHALPY OF iSEE a |FFIN HYDROCARBON VAPORTABLE 9.1 Properties of Saturated Propane Specific Volume Enthalpy Entropy T P Me yy v 69.00 43.56 | 1.6606 | 911.4061 | 382.79 826.95 | 3.7001 5.7828 = 55.00 $1.67 | 166753 552.0759 | 392.06 032.34 | 347507 547636 =50490 75.10 | 166922 681-6697 | 404.57 838,97 | 3.7994 5.7509 45000 86.12 LeTl7TS 439.6555, 414643 843.88 3.8544 5.7344 =42400 110:27 | 1.7209 3eassss2 | s25.50 250.87 | 3.9000 5.7234 35.00 136.07 1.7423 324-2064 436651 856.54 349473 Se7l2t = 30409 165.26 | 1.7601 203.8711 | 4a6.11 862.58 | 3.9956 5.7006 =25.00 200.62 | 1.7787 220.9649 | 459.60 868475 | S.Ca16 5.6991 -25400 240.37 | 1.7974 1e4.2769 | 471.61 874.53 | a.ce77 5.0796 715290 287.85 1e6171 15664475 483420 880.56 441334 Se6700 -19600 339.67 | 1.8393 134.9915 | 495.45 866.14 | 4.1781 5.6615 5600 400.33 148616 11463447 507.696 P91.59 462225 $6539 9690 468.47 146846 9548405 519434 696067 402664 546469 5400 545.29 | 1.9105 17171 | 531.47 Sc1.75 | 4.3192 5.6801 16.00 630.60 169359 Tie l67? 543.72 906674 453534 506338 15.06 725.46 | 169630 62.3006 | 555.01 911.56 | s.3960 5.6201 29.00 831.66 | 1.9958 84,7512 | 568.54 916.22 | 4.4386 5.6228 25.90 998.33 | 2.cz0e aa.s66a | 5e1.63 929.55 | a.aer0 5.6174 3a.co | 1076.27 | 2c0ez1 42.ss2e | soass2 928.36 | 4e5242 546125 35.00 | 1216.89 | 2.0098 37.3778 | 607.59 028.79 | 4.5658 5.6077 40.00 1370.22 201286 32.9819 621623 931297 4.0095 5.6031 as.no | 1537.64 | 261709 2942153 | 635432 936422 | 446539 546010 50.0C 1719.09 262151 2549028 649.69 939474 466963 5.5947 ss.00 | 1914.95 | 2.2606 22.7388 | 665.08 943420 | 4.7408 5.5921 O0e0t 2125.43 2e31tt 19.9769 680-70 946.51 4.7855 5.5881 65.00 | 2352.15 | 2.3785 17.6092 | 696.35 949.97 | 4.8313 5.5802 70400 2762.46 204442 15.5021 712037 $48.96 458783 SeS731 seco | 2837.43 | 26058 13.5343 | 731-89 95c.67 | 4.9295 5.5613 ec.co | 3155.24 | 26585 11.9509 | 751.88 948.83 | ao8a6 5.5455, as.00 | 3327.09 | 2ea3e9 10.2677 | 775413 946437 | 5.0471 5.5224 ao.ne | 4321.70 | 3.0186 g.6210 | 798.53 930,08 | 5.1120 5.ac88 93433 3968.02 3.2520 720573 822.65 926024 748 5.4597 °c P-kPa Voliter/kg H-k/kg, S-kI/kg+K Note: Table 9.1 was prepared from Table 9.1a on the computer. 154TABLE 9.la Properties of Propane, Propertien of Saturated Propane zug all | was 8 pees EEEAE S82 BB #2 SEE9 2883 SERGE F58 aeaee cagag|| (2 ae 32H {pF oe | fee EBEEE ESSE 239g 83535 a # aisas 87 5882 Sfana|| | 98 BEERS Bal wa £ 1 ER aie H é! , boo S| pe = wee esesr veaee|E 2 aa ees oe is BREESE FREER $2245 HES BREE 254 bee 54 - I, pecan anene ‘envoy 5 BEE Sfax8 venss| S828 98] easy ags| |jab-Eeaas Se8hR aa2] SE] [see oesze SEES] ranne #)) .f88aE S888 PoQsSSSEe HERES Ha: 1.) 23S eased Haag a hee Beans o3e23] é J S458 8248) 5) esene oer | . #5943] an dB aan Besa a E ahh HAGE GH32) 1 leper aaase RE ESSE SAaR.| renee Mons Rages Sansg| sasce aes assss 155