(..

..

..

. -

..

. 2535-2555

1.
1.1

2

4
(1) (hazard identification)
(2)
(hazard characterization or dose-response assessment)
(3) (exposure assessment)
(4) (risk characterization)
5

2.

2.1

(health risk assessment)

2.2

(similar exposure group, SEG)

( )
SEG
-1-

. 2535-2555
2.3

(occupational exposure limit, OEL)

8 h 5 d

OEL
(threshold limit value, TLV)
(permissible exposure limit, PEL)

2.4

(occupational exposure limittime-weighted average, OEL-TWA)

8 h 5 d

2.5

(short-term exposure limit, STEL OEL-STEL)

4 15 min
1 h OEL-TWA

2.6

(ceiling, C OEL-C)
OEL-TWA

2.7

(risk task)

2.8

(chemical hazard)

2.9

(hazardous chemical)
( .)

3.
4
3.1

(1)
(2)
-2-

. 2535-2555
(3)
(4)
(4.1) 1 1
(4.2) 1 h 4 h
(4.3)
(5)
(6) (job
description) (job task analysis)

(1) OEL-TWA
(2)

(3)
(4)
3.2

(literature review)
/

OEL ( .)

3.3

-3-

. 2535-2555
3.3.1

SEG

SEG

SEG 2

3.3.1.1

3.1 SEG

(1)


SEG
(2)

(3)
SEG
(4)
SEG
(5)



SEG

-4-

. 2535-2555
3.3.1.2

3.3.2

SEG

SEG
95%
SEG

0.5 1 OEL
OEL
0.5 1 OEL SEG


/ SEG
(1) . 2536-2555
(2)
(
NIOSH manual of analytical method : method number 0500 method
number 0600)
(3)
(
NIOSH manual of analytical method : method number 1501)

3.4
3.4.1

3
1

-5-

. 2535-2555
1
( 3.4.1)

(1)

(1)

3.4.2

4
3

2

(1)
(
NIOSH manual of analytical method : method number 0500 method
number 0600)
(2)
(
NIOSH manual of analytical method : method number 1501)
(3) . 2536-2555
-6-

. 2535-2555
2
( 3.4.2)

(2)

10% OEL-TWA

50% OEL-TWA

75% OEL-TWA

75% 100% OEL-TWA

100% OEL-TWA

(2)

3
( 3.4.2)

1 (once per year)

2 3 (a few times a year)

2 3 (a few times per month)

2 h 4 h 1
(continuous for between 2 and 4 hours per shift)

(continuous for 8 hours shift)

8 h

-7-

. 2535-2555
4
( 3.4.2)

1 5

(1)

10

6 8

(2)

12

15

9 15

(3)

12

16

20

16 20

(4)

10

15

20

25

21 25

(5)

1 6
100 l/l PEL = 20 l/l
2 3 ( 75% OEL-TWA)
3 2 ()
4 6 (2)
3.4.3

4
1 5
5
( 3.4.3)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

1 3

10

4 9

12

15

10 16

12

16

20

17 20

10

15

20

25

21 25

-8-

. 2535-2555
2 ( .)



1 2 (2)
4
3.5

6 .
6
( 3.5)

1 3

4 9

10 16

17 20

21 25

-9-

. 2535-2555

( 2.2)

.1 (irritation)

.2 (asphyxiation)
2

(1) (simple asphyxiant)

(2) (chemical asphyxiant)

300

-10-

. 2535-2555
.3 (narcotics) (anesthetics)




.4 (fibrosis)

.5 (cancer) (carcinogen)


.6 (systemic effect)




.7 (teratogenic effect)

8 10

(poly chlorinated biphenyls;
PCBs)
.8 (mutagenic effect)



(acute effect)
24 h
-11-

. 2535-2555
(acute dose)
(chronic effect)
(chronic dose)

-12-

. 2535-2555

.
OEL
( 3.2 3.4.3)

OEL

PEL

TLV

TLVSTEL

200 l/l

5.0 l/l

5.0 l/l

2.5 l/l

400 l/l

200 l/l

20 l/l

20 l/l

200 l/l

100 l/l 100 l/l 150 l/l

-13-

10 l/l 0.5 l/l

(PEL-C)

200
mg/m3

. 2535-2555

( 3.5)

(
)

--------------------------

-14-