Tp ch Khoa hc Trng i hc Cn Th

Phn C: Khoa hc X hi, Nhn vn v Gio dc: 33 (2014): 75-83

NNG CAO KH NNG T CH TRONG HC TP

CHO SINH VIN TING ANH - NHN THC CA GING VIN TING ANH
TI MT S TRNG I HC
Nguyn Vn Li, Chung Th Thanh Hng, Trng Nguyn Qunh Nh v Phm Th Mai Duyn1
1

Khoa S phm, Trng i hc Cn Th

Thng tin chung:

Ngy nhn: 29/06/2014
Ngy chp nhn: 29/08/2014

Title:
Promoting learner autonomy
among students of English:
Beliefs of English language
lecturers in some universities
T kha:
T ch trong hc tp, quan
nim, nhn thc, gio vin
ting Anh
Keywords:
Learner autonomy, belief,
English language teachers

ABSTRACT
Little research has been conducted on teacher beliefs of learner autonomy
in language learning (Borg v Al-Busaidi, 2012). In Vietnam this has been
given due attention just recently. The current paper reports on the results
of a study undertaken since April, 2014, using survey and interview. The
participants were 84 lecturers of English from six public universities
which offer training in English language programs. The study showed that
they advocated the psychological and social perspectives of learner
autonomy more than the political and technical ones. While desiring to
grant students opportunities to be involved in decision-making and to
develop in them abilities that indicate learner autonomy, the lecturers felt
that it was less feasible to implement these in their teaching contexts.
TM TT
C rt t nghin cu v nhn thc ca gio vin v t ch trong hc tp
ngoi ng (Borg v Al-Busaidi, 2012). Vit Nam, nghin cu v vn
ny cng mi c quan tm gn y. Bi vit ny trnh by kt qu ca
mt nghin cu thc hin t thng 04 nm 2014 tm hiu nhn thc ca
ging vin ting Anh mt s trng i hc trong nc, s dng mt phiu
kho st v phng vn. i tng l 84 ging vin ting Anh cng tc ti
6 trng cng lp c Khoa chuyn ng. Kt qu nghin cu cho thy
ging vin ting Anh ng h quan im tm l hc v x hi v t ch hn
l quan im chnh tr v k thut. Trong khi mong mun sinh vin tham
gia quyt nh vic hc ca mnh, v c k nng t hc, ging vin li tin
rng kh c th thc hin c mt cch hiu qu.
ng. Tuy nhin, nghin cu v nhn thc ca gio
vin i vi vic pht trin kh nng t ch cho
ngi hc ngoi ng vn cn l mt mnh t t
c khai thc.

1 GII THIU
T ch trong hc tp learner autonomy l
mt khi nim c gii nghin cu trong lnh vc
gio dc ni chung v trong gio dc ngn ng ni
ring quan tm nhiu trong nhng nm gn y,
c bit l nhng nc phng Ty. c nhiu
tho lun v khi nim ny t nhiu gc khc
nhau (xem 2.1), v cng c nhiu nghin cu v
phng php pht huy tnh t ch trong hc tp
nhm nng cao ng c v kt qu hc tp ngn

Nghin cu trong lnh vc nhn thc ca gio

vin ni chung kt lun rng vi vai tr ch th
trong qu trnh gio dc, gio vin tham gia vo
qu trnh gio dc thng qua lng knh nhn thc
ca mnh, v iu ny nh hng n phng php
dy hc v kt qu gio dc (Borg, 2006). Trong
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dung hc tp cng nh bi cnh trng lp m

trong vic hc din ra.

bi cnh vn ha v gio dc Phng ng v c

bit l Vit Nam hin ti cn phi nng cao kh
nng t ch trong hc tp cho sinh vin, hiu theo
ngha sinh vin chu trch nhim v c kh nng
kim sot cc hot ng hc tp ca mnh, li c
rt t nghin cu v nhn thc v cch thc hin
ca gio vin ngoi ng i vi vic nng cao kh
nng t ch trong hc tp cho ngi hc ngoi
ng. Bi vit ny s trnh by kt qu ca
mt nghin cu i vi ging vin ting Anh
chuyn ng ti mt s trng i hc trong nc
v vn ny.

Quan im x hi xem t ch l nng lc

tng tc v hp tc vi ngi khc trong vic hc.
T nhng nh ngha v phn loi trn, c th
thy rng t ch trong hc tp c hiu theo
nhiu cch khc nhau, vi nhng ngn t din t
khc nhau, nhng tu trung khi nim ny bao
gm 3 yu t c bn:
Th nht, t ch c thuc tnh nng lc, bao
gm cc k nng c th hc tp c hoc bm
sinh (Holec, 1979; Little, 1990). Cc k nng ny
bao gm k nng t hc mt mnh, k nng t duy
ph phn, ra quyt nh, v cc k nng lm vic
hp tc (Benson v Voller, 1997). Nng lc ny
theo tc gi Dam (1995) l s sn sng t chu
trch nhim ca ngi hc.

2 C S L LUN
2.1 Khi nim t ch trong hc tp
Khi nim t ch trong hc tp learner
autonomy c ngun gc t h t tng phng
Ty, pht trin t khi nim t ch autonomy
(Little, 1999), v c hiu t nhiu gc khc
nhau. Khi nim ny ban u c Holec (1979)
nh ngha l nng lc t chu trch nhim v vic
hc ca mnh. Cc tc gi v sau b sung thm v
din gii khi nim ny theo nhiu cch khc nhau.
Little (1991) thm xem n l k nng t lp: T ch
l nng lc t lp, nng lc t duy ph phn, ra
quyt nh v hnh ng c lp (Little, 1991, p.
4). Dickinson (1993) xem t ch trong hc tp l
hon cnh trong ngi hc hon ton chu
trch nhim v tt c nhng quyt nh lin quan
n vic hc ca bn thn v thc thi nhng quyt
nh (Dickinson, 1993). mt gc khc,
Dam (1995) xem t ch l s sn sng chu trch
nhim v vic hc ca mnh phc v cho nhu
cu v mc ch ca mnh. Cc tc gi Benson v
Voller (1997) tng kt li bn ngha khc nhau ca
khi nim ny, c th t ch trong hc tp l nhng
hon cnh trong ngi hc hon ton t hc
mt mnh; l nhng k nng c th hc v ng
dng hc t nh hng; l s thc thi trch
nhim ca ngi hc i vi vic hc ca mnh;
hay quyn ca ngi hc c quyt nh v vic
hc ca mnh. Theo , cc tc gi ny phn bit
bn quan im khc nhau v t ch trong hc tp,
bao gm:

Th hai, t ch l hon cnh hay tnh trng m

trong ngi hc hon ton t kim sot, t chu
trch nhim v thc hin cc hot ng hc tp, v
c th cc hot ng ny hon ton khng ph
thuc vo gio vin, hay chng trnh hc
(Dickinson, 1993). Thng qua nhng iu kin
hon cnh m ngi hc c th hoc khng th
pht trin c kh nng t ch.
Th ba l yu t quyn lm ch vic hc, tc l
ngi hc c quyn tham gia quyt nh cc
kha cnh lin quan n vic hc ca bn thn nh:
mc tiu, phng php dy v hc, ti liu, cch
nh gi.
2.2 T ch v cc yu t lin quan
T ch c lin quan th no n mt s c
im ca ngi hc v mi trng vn ha?
Mc kh nng t ch c cho l thay i
theo tui v trnh ngoi ng ca ngi hc.
T ch khng phi l mt khi nim tuyt i theo
ngha hoc c hoc khng, m tui khc nhau,
thi im khc nhau v trnh ngoi ng khc
nhau, ngi hc s c mc t ch khc nhau
(Kohonen, 2012).
Ngoi ra, nhiu hc gi ch r rng bn thn
khi nim t ch khng phi l mt khi nim c
thuc tnh vn ha, khng c ngun gc t vn
ha, m bi cnh vn ha x hi c th gp phn
pht trin kh nng t ch, hoc cn tr hoc to
thun li cho kh nng t ch pht trin (Aoki &
Smith, 1999; Crabbe, 1999; Little, 1999). Theo
Little (1999), t ch l mt nng lc hnh vi ph
qut, bao gm nhng nng lc m c nhn s hu,
n l tnh cch, l thuc tnh ca con ngi. Kh

Quan im thun ty k thut xem t ch l

hot ng hc ngoi ng bn ngoi bi cnh
trng lp v khng c s can thip ca gio vin.
Quan im tm l hc xem t ch l nng
lc cho php ngi hc chu trch nhim v vic
hc ca mnh.
Quan im chnh tr xem t ch l iu
kin cho php ngi hc kim sot qu trnh v ni
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ng hc tp. Mu thu ca nghin cu ny tng

i ln, bao gm 613 sinh vin v 47 ging vin t
24 trng i hc cao ng trong nc. Nhng
tin cy ca phiu iu tra v s liu phng vn
khng thy cp. Ngoi ra i tng nghin cu
l sinh vin hc ting Anh nh l mt mn ph; do
ng c hc tp khc hn vi i tng chuyn
ng. Tuy nhin, cha thy c nghin cu v nhn
thc ca ging vin i vi vic pht trin kh
nng t ch cho sinh vin chuyn Anh Vn.

nng t ch ging nh l mt thuc tnh t nhin

tn ti c lp vi bi cnh vn ha x hi d l
vn ha phng ng v phng Ty (Crabbe,
1999).
T ch trong hc tp khng c ngha l vai tr
ca gio vin b mt i m ngi gio vin phi
thay i vai tr ca mnh t ngi truyn th kin
thc sang ngi t vn, hng dn v h tr ngi
hc pht trin kh nng t ch (Crabbe, 1999). Ni
cch khc gio vin ng vai tr rt quan trng
trong vic pht trin t ch trong hc tp cho hc
sinh sinh vin (Benson, 2009; Hurd, Beaven, &
Ortega, 2001)

Tm li, mc d nghin cu trong v ngoi

nc v quan nim ca ngi dy v ngi hc
ngoi ng v kh nng t ch trong hc tp t
c nhng kt qu nht nh, cc nghin cu ny
c thc hin trong nhng bi cnh khc nhau i
vi nhng i tng khc nhau, trong khi quan
nim v nhn thc gn lin vi bi cnh vn ha x
hi (Berliner, 2005; Borg, 2006). Trong bi cnh
cc trng i hc Vit Nam chuyn i sang
o to theo h thng tn ch, cn c nhiu nghin
cu hn v nhng vn lin quan nh kh nng
t ch ca ngi hc. Do , nghin cu ny hi
vng s gp phn lm r thm bc tranh v nhn
thc v thc hin nng cao kh nng t ch t chu
trch nhim ca sinh vin v vic hc. Nghin cu
cng s gp phn cng c c s l lun v thc
tin i vi vic o to theo h thng tn ch m
c bit l vic pht huy tnh t ch hc tp ca
sinh vin, yu t ct li ca h thng o to ny.
Kt qu nghin cu c th lm nn tng nh
hng cho cc hi tho tp hun v pht trin tnh
t ch trong hc tp qua c th gip tng cng
kh nng t hc cho sinh vin. Trc khi c th
nng cao cht lng o to theo h thng tn ch,
nhng hiu bit v thc trng trong qu trnh
chuyn i h thng o to, c th l s sn
sng ca ngi dy v ngi hc lin quan n
kh nng t chu trch nhim vi vic hc l tht
s cn thit.

C mt s thng nht cao v vai tr ca t ch

trong hc tp, c bit trong day-hc ngoi ng, l
kh nng t ch trong hc tp gip ngi hc t
c hiu qu hc tp tt hn (Aoki & Smith,
1999; Benson, 2009; Egel, 2009; Kohonen, 2012).
2.3 Nghin cu v nhn thc ca gio vin
v t ch trong hc tp ngoi ng
Nghin cu v nhn thc v quan nim ca
gio vin v nhiu kha cnh gio dc khc nhau
t c nhng thnh tu, nhng c rt t nghin
cu v nhn thc ca gio vin v kh nng t ch.
Nghin cu gn y nht ca Borg v Al-busaidi
(2012) i vi 63 gio vin ting Anh ca mt
trung tm ngoi ng Oman cho thy gio vin c
quan nim khc nhau v t ch trong hc tp. a
s gio vin nhn nhn t ch gc tm l hc;
trong khi khi nim v t ch theo quan im
chnh tr ng hng th hai, v th ba l quan im
x hi. Khc phc nhng hn ch v phng php
nghin cu ca cc nghin cu trc bng cch
kt hp s dng phiu kho st v phng vn,
nhng nghin cu ny c thc hin trong bi
cnh mt trung tm ngoi ng, hon ton khc vi
mi trng hc thut i hc.
Vit Nam, cc nghin cu v vn ny li
cng t. Nguyn Thanh Vn (2011) so snh quan
nim ca ging vin v sinh vin khng chuyn
ng trong bi cnh o to tn ch. Kt qu l khi
nim t ch trong hc tp vn cn xa l i vi c
ngi dy v ngi hc. im lu l sinh vin
khng mun t chu trch nhim v vic hc khi
khng c ging vin kim tra, trong khi ging vin
khng ngh rng h c trch nhim i vi vic t
hc ca sinh vin. Theo tc gi, mc d mong
mun c quyt nh v ni dung v gio trnh
hc tp, nhng sinh vin li cha sn sng chu
trch nhim, trong khi ging vin c khuynh
hng chu trch nhim chn la v thit k hot

3 MC TIU V PHNG PHP

NGHIN CU
Cc mc tiu ca nghin cu ny, da trn c
s l lun v tm quan trng ca nhn thc hay
quan nim ca ngi dy, v s thay i nhng
quan nim hay nhn thc lch hng, bao gm:
xc nh nhn thc ca ging vin ting
Anh i vi vic nng cao tnh t ch trong hc tp
ca sinh vin chuyn ngnh ting Anh
tm hiu vic thc hin ca ging vin tham
gia o to chuyn ngnh ting Anh v nng cao
tnh t ch trong hc tp cho sinh vin ting Anh
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3.1 Phng php nghin cu

Bng 1: Phn b s ging vin ting Anh tham

gia vo nghin cu

t c nhng mc tiu trn, nghin

cu s dng kho st m t bc tranh tng qut
v phng vn c nhn tm hiu su hn v nhn
thc ca ging vin. Phiu kho st da theo Borg
(2013) c thit k da trn tng hp v phn tch
cc nghin cu trc y, v c tc gi s
dng thu s liu trong bi cnh mt trung tm
ngoi ng ca Trng i hc Sultan Qaboos
University ti Oman. Phiu kho st, c iu
chnh li cho ph hp vi bi cnh nghin cu, bao
gm c 4 phn. Phn 1 bao gm 36 cu hi ng
thit k theo thang im 5 ca Likert, kho st
nhn thc ca ging vin v cc kha cnh quan
trng ca khi nim kh nng t ch trong hc tp,
bao gm: t hc l g theo cc quan im khc
nhau nh quan im k thut (cu 2,3,6,21,30),
quan im tm l hc (cu 29,32,33,37), quan im
chnh tr (cu 4,7,14,22,27), quan im x hi (cu
16,19,25,31); vai tr ca gio vin i vi tnh t
ch trong hc tp (cu 8,18,24,35); s ph hp ca
khi nim t hc trong bi cnh vn ha khc nhau
(cu 13,23); tui tc vi tnh t ch (cu 1,10,20);
trnh ngoi ng v vic thc y tnh t ch
(cu 9,26,34); ngha ca khi nim t hc i vi
phng php dy hc (cu 15,17,28); mi tng
quan gia kh nng t hc v kt qu hc tp (cu
5,12,36). Cu hi s 11 trong bn gc b loi b do
khi nim ngi hc t tin khng r rng. Phn 2
kho st mong mun ca ging vin v vic tham
gia quyt nh v qu trnh hc tp, kh nng ca
sinh vin v tnh kh thi ca vic nng cao kh
nng t ch thng qua tham gia quyt nh v pht
trin cc nng lc cn thit cho vic thc y t
ch hc tp. Phn 3 kho st vic thc hin nng
cao kh nng t hc cho sinh vin ting Anh v cc
yu t nh hng. Phn 4 thu s liu v c im
ging vin.

Trng
i hc SP ng
Thp
i hc An Giang
i hc SP Quy
Nhn
i hc Cn Th
i hc H Tnh
i hc SP TPHCM
Tng s

S
Nam
lng

T l
N
%

T l
%

18

44% 10

56%

10

30%

70%

14

14% 12

88%

18
12
12
84

7 38.8% 11 61.2
0
0% 12 100%
7 58% 5 42%
27 32.1% 57 67.8%

Bng 2 tm tt phn b mu theo trnh v

kinh nghim ging dy ting Anh
Bng 2: T l ging vin theo trnh v thm
nin cng tc (n=84)
Trnh
Tin s
Thc s
C nhn
Kinh nghim
< 5 nm
5-9 nm
10-15 nm
15-20 nm
>20 nm

S lng
3
49
32

T l %
3.6%
58%
38.4%

16
18
20
18
12

19%
21.4%
23.8%
21.4%
16.3%

C 8 ging vin tnh nguyn tham gia tr li

phng vn; nhng ging vin ny c trnh Thc
s, v thm nin cng tc dao ng trong khong 5
n 20 nm, bao gm 5 n v 2 nam, ang cng tc
ti cc Khoa o to chuyn ng ting Anh ti 3
trng i hc: Cn Th (3), An Giang (1), ng
Thp (4).
Phm vi nghin cu gii hn i tng ging
vin dy cc chuyn ngnh ting Anh trong khong
thi gian t thng 4/2014 n 7/2014 ti cc trng
i hc c o to cc ngnh ting Anh. Vic chn
la mu nh th nhm m bo s a dng v c
im i tng, v ln phn tch thng k c
ngha.

Phng vn c thit k ty theo kt qu ca

phiu kho st ca tng c nhn, v da vo phiu
phng vn gi ca Borg (2013), o su
ngun gc nhn thc ca ging vin, mi trng
thc y t ch, cc th thch i vi vic thc
hin nng cao kh nng t ch cho sinh vin (Xem
ph lc).
3.2 i tng nghin cu

4 KT QU NGHIN CU
4.1 Khuynh hng nhn thc v khi nim
t ch trong hc tp

C 84 ging vin i hc ti cc trng cng

lp tham gia tr li phiu kho st trong tng s
120 phiu pht ra, bao gm nh sau:

Bng 3 cho thy nhn thc ca ging vin ting

Anh v khi nim t ch trong hc tp c khuynh
hng thuc v quan im tm l v quan im x
hi r rng nht. Theo , ging vin ng rng
cc yu t iu kin gp phn thc y t ch
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T mnh lm ch, iu khin, kim sot hot

ng hc tp ca mnh (GV4)

trong hc tp nh ng c hc tp, k nng t hc

v t nh gi c vai tr quan trng trong vic thc
y kh nng t ch t chu trch nhim (M=4.05,
SD=.58). Nhn t gc tng tc x hi, kh
nng t ch s c pht trin thng qua cc c hi
v hot ng tng tc, hp tc lm vic nhm
(M=3.92, SD=.52). Ging vin ting Anh cng c
khuynh hng nhn thc v t ch theo quan im
chnh tr v thun ty k thut (M=3.72, SD=.45;
v M=3.65, SD=.56), nhng s ng thun khng
cao. Theo h, sinh vin nn c tham gia quyt
nh v la chn mc tiu, ti liu, v phng
php hc; v ng thi h t tin tng hn vi vic
sinh vin s pht trin kh nng t ch trong hc
tp khi tham gia vo cc hot ng hc tp hon
ton c lp nh i th vin hoc trung tm khai
thc hc liu.

Mt ging vin cng nu r nhn thc theo

khuynh hng x hi:
...l kh nng m sinh vin c th hc c,
ngoi vic tham gia hot ng trong lp, c th t
c, t hc vi mt ngi bn hoc mt nhm bn.
(GV5)
4.2 Nhn thc v mi quan h gia t ch
v cc yu t lin quan
Bng 4 th hin r s ng thun rt cao ca
ging vin v mi quan h nhn qu gia kh nng
t ch v hiu qu hc tp (M=4.02, SD=.67). Tt
c nhng ging vin c phng vn u cho rng
t ch s gip sinh vin nm bt kin thc v pht
trin k nng tt hn k c k nng mm nh t
duy c lp, t duy sng to.
T ch gip pht trin kh nng ngn ng, kh
nng t nghin cu. (GV1)
T ch gip pht huy tnh sng to ca sinh
vin, tm ra c tri thc mi, to ra tnh c lp
trong suy ngh. (GV2)
c bit pht trin kh nng t ch trong hc
tp s khng ch mang li li ch trong qu trnh
hc m cn gip sinh vin lu di. Mt gio vin
chia s
Tnh t ch gip sinh vin trong qu trnh hc
v c sau ny i lm. (GV3)
Ngoi ra, ging vin ting Anh cng tin rng c
ngi ln v tr em u c th pht trin kh nng
t ch (M=3.84, SD=.61), v ngi hc trong mi
nn vn ha u c th pht trin kh nng t ch
vi gi tr trung bnh M=3.86, SD= .83.

Bng 3: Nhn thc v t ch trong hc tp theo

quan im (N=84)
Khuynh
Std.
Minimum Maximum Mean
hng
Deviation
Tm l hc
2.25
5.00 4.05
.58
K thut
2.00
4.80 3.65
.56
X hi
2.00
5.00 3.92
.52
Chnh tr
2.40
4.60 3.72
.45
1= hon ton khng ng , 2=khng ng , 3=khng
chc, 4=ng , 5= hon ton ng

D liu phng vn cho thy r nhn thc ca

ging vin ting Anh thin v khuynh hng tm
l hc.
T ch l mt qu trnh m ngi hc bit
mnh ang i ti u, mnh phi lm g, t nh gi
c mnh v c th t (mt cht t) thit k vic
hc (GV1)

Bng 4: Nhn thc v mi quan h gia t ch trong hc tp v cc yu t lin quan (N=84)

Mi quan h
Minimum
Maximum
Mean
Std. Deviation
Vn ha_T ch
1.50
5.00
3.86
.83
Vai tr GV_T ch
2.50
4.50
3.44
.47
Tui _ T ch
2.00
5.00
3.84
.61
Trnh ting Anh_T ch
1.67
4.33
2.97
.56
Hiu qu hc_T ch
2.33
5.00
4.02
.67
Phng php dy_T ch
1.67
4.33
3.23
.66
1= hon ton khng ng , 2=khng ng , 3=khng chc, 4=ng , 5= hon ton ng

Hu ht cc ging vin chia s trong phng vn

u tin rng sinh vin c bit n khi nim t ch
trong hc tp, nhng do quen vi phng php
dy hc truyn thng ni ngi thy l trung tm
ca qu trnh dy hc, nn tnh t ch khng c
khuyn khch, dn n sinh vin th ng v li.

Hu ht sinh vin bit n khi nim ny,

nhng nh hng vn ho ng v vai tr ca
ngi thy, nn khng lm tri thy. (GV2)
Sinh vin hiu ... nhng theo thi quen thy lm
trung tm nn vo gio vin, gio vin giao vic
g th lm vic ny. (GV3)
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SD=.66). c bit ging vin ting Anh cha chc

chn v mi quan h gia trnh ting Anh ca
sinh vin v kh nng t ch (M=2.97, SD=.56).

Khng phi l khng p dng c nhng do

cch gio dc ca mnh thi, thay i cch dy th
sinh vin c th nng cao kh nng t ch c.
(GV5)

Bng 5 m t v mi lin h gia phng php

dy hc v pht trin kh nng t ch. Mc d t l
ging vin ng tng i cao (74,4%) rng mi
trng hc tp ly ngi hc lm trung tm l iu
kin l tng pht trin kh nng t ch, nhng
c 40,5% khng ng v 25% khng chc rng
vic pht trin kh nng t ch c ng ngha vi
loi b cch dy truyn thng xem gio vin l
ngi truyn th kin thc khng.

Lin quan n vai tr ca gio vin i vi vic

nng cao tnh t ch trong hc tp, ging vin ting
Anh cng thng nht cao (M=3.44, SD=.47). C
th a s (91,2%) tin rng gio vin ng vai tr
quan trng trong vic thc y kh nng t ch cho
sinh vin, ch c khong 10% l khng ng
hoc khng chc chn lm. V phng php dyhc nhm thc y tnh t ch, khuynh hng nhn
thc ca ging vin cha r rng (M=3.23,

Bng 5: kin v phng php dy-hc nhm thc y t ch (N=84)

Hon ton Khng ng
khng ng

Cu

T ch c ngha l loi b cch dy truyn

thng ly gio vin lm trung tm
Lp hc ly hc sinh lm trung tm l iu
kin tt pht trin kh nng t ch
4.3 Mong mun v tnh kh thi v nng cao
kh nng t ch cho ngi hc
Hnh 1 trnh by mong mun ca ging vin
cho php sinh vin tham gia vo qu trnh quyt
nh cc kha cnh dy v hc v tnh kh thi khi
thc hin iu ny. hu ht cc mt, ging vin
rt mong mun sinh vin c quyn tham gia quyt
nh, vi im trung bnh dao ng trn 3.0 (kh
thi); nhng ngc li, h tin rng kh nng hin

4,8%

35,7%

0%

9%

Khng ng Hon ton

r

ng
25%

31%

3,6%

16,7% 51,3%

23,1%

thc ha nhng mong mun hu nh khng cao.

Ba kha cnh m ging vin tin tng c th cho
sinh vin tham gia vo quyt nh l ch tho
lun, hot ng hc tp trn lp v ti liu hc tp,
vi im trung bnh gn bng 3.0; sinh vin kh
c th tham gia vo quyt nh cc kha cnh
nh phng php dy hc, phng php nh gi,
v mc tiu mn hc, M dao ng mc 2.0 (t
kh thi).

Qunllp
PPdyhc
PPnhgi

Khthi
Mongmun

Chhc
Hotnghc
Tiliu
Mctiumnhc
0

Hnh 1: Mong mun v tnh kh thi cho php sinh vin tham gia quyt nh
1=khng mong mun/khng kh thi, 4= rt mong mun/rt kh thi

Cc ging vin chia s:

Phng php ging dy, hot ng ging dy
lin quan trc tip n ngi gio vin th kh c
tnh kh thi. (GV2)

Phng php nh gi cng tu thuc vo gio

vin, im gia k 40%, cui k 60%, gio vin c
th chi tit ho im gia hc k nhng do gio
vin, khng phi da vo sinh vin (GV5)
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a s cc ti liu hc tp, mc tiu l ly t

khung; thi gian khng cho php sinh vin thay
i; ti liu cng c khung cng, gio vin c th
cho thm mt s ti liu hc thm (GV2).

rng tnh kh thi pht trin cc k nng ny cho

sinh vin l khng cao, dao ng khong M=2.5,
trong kh nng c th pht trin k nng hc
c lp v hc hp tc cho sinh vin l cao nht (M
> 2.7), v thp nht l k nng t theo di v t
nh gi tin b trong hc tp (M<2.5). Mt s
ging vin chia s:

Hnh 2 cho thy tt c ging vin u mong

mun sinh vin c cc k nng t hc v t chu
trch nhim trong hc tp. Ngc li, h li ngh
Hcclp
Hchptc
Tnhgi

Khthi

Theoditinb

Mongmun
Hiuimyu
Hiuimmnh
Hiunhucucamnh
0

0,5

1,5

2,5

3,5

Hnh 2: Mong mun v tnh kh thi v cc k nng hc tp ca sinh vin

1=khng mong mun/khng kh thi, 4= rt mong mun/rt kh thi

bao gm hc c lp, hc nhm, t theo di v

nh gi vic hc l nhng k nng m theo cc
ging vin sinh vin cn phi c. Kt qu ny
ging vi nghin cu ca Borg v Al-Busaidi
(2012) i vi gio vin ting Anh ti Oman. Tuy
nhin, im khc bit l quan im chnh tr v t
ch ca gio vin ting Anh Oman ng hng
th hai, trong khi , nghin cu ca chng ti cho
thy quan im x hi c ging vin ng h
ng hng th hai. S khc bit ny c l l do cu
trc x hi cha cho php thc hin quyn t ch
v t chu trch nhim a s cc trng i hc,
v ti cc trng, mc t ch ca ging vin
lin quan n chng trnh, mc tiu o to, v ti
liu ging dy cng cha cao. Chuyn i sang c
ch tn ch, nhng ging vin ting Anh cha sn
sng chu trch nhim v vn cn gi quan im
truyn thng v ging dy. H cn tm l e s
ngi hc khng k nng t quyt nh v
chn la. Mt ging vin chia s:

Gio vin k vng sinh vin theo di qu trnh

hc, nhng ch l k vng. Tm li mong mun
nhng khng kh thi v nu mnh l c vn hc tp
th s su st hn cn thc t th mnh l gio vin
hc phn nn ch nh gi c sinh vin trn hc
phn mnh dy, khng nh gi c nhng k
nng khc. (GV5)
Sinh vin vn cho gio vin l trung tm, nn s
mt rt nhiu thi gian sv thay i nhn thc, b
nh hng bi quan nim, mi quan h gia thy
v tr. (GV2)
5 THO LUN
Ging nh nhiu gio vin ting Anh trong mt
s nghin cu (Borg & Al-busaidi, 2012; Yoshi,
2011), ging vin ting Anh Vit Nam tin rng t
ch trong hc tp gip ngi hc pht trin kh
nng ting Anh quan nim t ch trong hc tp
theo khuynh hng tm l hc. Cc k nng t hc

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gii thiu ti liu t hc v yu cu sinh vin la

chn v hon thnh theo s thch ca mnh vi s
gim st v h tr ca ging vin. Ging vin cng
cn tin tng rng nhng hot ng nh th s
gip sinh vin pht trin kh nng t ch vic hc
ca mnh.

...kh nng t ch trong hc tp ca sinh vin

khng c (cha quan tm), v d hi v mc tiu
mn hc nhng sv khng ng gp. (GV4)
Kt qu ny tng thch vi Nguyn Thanh
Vn (2011) khi cho rng ging vin xem mnh nh
l ngi t quyt nh chn la v thit k hot
ng dy-hc, v sinh vin khng t tin chn
la v ra quyt nh v qu trnh hc ca mnh. Kt
qu ny cng tng thch vi mt kt qu nghin
cu gn y cho thy mc t tin v phng
php hc tp ca sinh vin Anh vn ti mt trng
i hc tng i thp (Nguyn Vn Li, Chung
T.Thanh Hng, & X. Hi, 2013). Vic t hc
mt mnh di nhiu hnh thc nh i th vin, t
luyn tp, cng c cho l c ch, nhng dng
nh khng c tin tng lm, cng c l v cc
ging vin cha tin vo kh nng ca sinh vin nh
nu trn.

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Ging nghin cu ca Borg v Al-Busaidi

(2012), nghin cu ca chng ti cho thy s khc
bit rt ln v s mong mun v tnh kh thi i
vi vic sinh vin c quyn tham gia quyt nh
qu trnh hc tp, v pht trin cc k nng t hc
lin quan n kh nng t ch. Trong khi k vng
cao, ging vin li tin rng kh c th thc thi vic
cho sinh quyn tham gia quyt nh cc kha cnh
lin quan n qu trnh dy v hc. iu ny l do
ging vin thiu t tin vo sinh vin, v ng thi
vn cn gi quan nim truyn thng v truyn t
kin thc.
6 KT LUN V XUT
Kt qu nghin cu cho thy ging vin ting
Anh ti mt s trng i hc c nhn thc cao v
pht trin kh nng t ch cho sinh vin ting Anh,
theo hng pht trin cc k nng t hc v lm
vic nhm, nhng ging vin t ng h vic tham
gia quyt nh ca sinh vin vo qu trnh hc tp.
Vi kt qu ny, nghin cu c mt s xut
sau y:
thc y kh nng t ch, ngoi vic
trang b cho sinh vin cc k nng t hc v lm
vic nhm thng qua cc hot ng hc tp, ging
vin cn m rng hn quyn tham gia t kim sot
vic hc cho sinh vin.
Quan nim hn ch v quyn la chn v
quyt nh cho thy ging vin ting Anh cn tng
cng hn na s la chn trong hot ng hc tp
pht huy tinh thn t chu trch nhim ca sinh
vin. Ging vin c th thit k cc hot ng hoc

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