TH HIN TI TIP

DIN
Th hin ti tip din dng din t hnh ng ang din ra trong hin ti. Ngoi ra n cn
c dng din t nhng hnh ng mang tnh tm thi. Th ny l th mt trong
nhng th c bn.

* Cng thc th khng nh:

Ch ng + TO BE + ng t nguyn mu thm ING + B ng (nu c)
- Lu :
+ TO BE phi c chia ng theo ch ng (AM hay IS hay ARE) -nu cn, bn xem li
bi "ng t TO BE".
+ ng t nguyn mu khi khng ni g khc c hiu l ng t nguyn mu khng c
TO.
+ Khi thm ING ngay ng sau ng t nguyn mu, cn nh vi quy tc sau:
Nu ng t tn cng bng 1 ch ci E, b E i ri mi thm ING ( RIDE --> RIDING)
Nu ng t tn cng bng 2 ch ci E, thm ING bnh thng, khng b E ( SEE -->
SEEING)
Nu ng t tn cng bng IE, i IE thnh Y ri mi thm ING (DIE --> DYING)
Nu ng t n m tn cng bng 1 v ch 1 trong 5 nguyn m (A, E, I, O, U) vi mt
v ch mt ph m, ta vit ph m thm 1 ln na ri mi thm ING. ( STOP -->
STOPPING, WRAP --> WRAPPING, SHOP --> SHOPPING...)
Cc ng t ngoi cc quy tc trn ta thm ING bnh thng.
- Th d:
+ I AM TYPING A LESSON = Ti ang nh my 1 bi hc
+ YOU ARE READING THIS ARTICLE = Bn ang c bi ny.
+ HE IS SLEEPING = Anh ta ang ng
+ SHE IS SWIMMING = C y ang bi.

+ THE DOG IS BARKING = Con ch ang sa

* Cng thc th ph nh:
Ch ng + TO BE + NOT + ng t nguyn mu thm ING + B ng (nu c)
- Lu :
+ TO BE phi c chia tng ng vi ch ng. (AM hay IS hay ARE)
+ AM NOT khng vit tt nhng c th vit tt I M = I'M
+ IS NOT vit tt = ISN'T
+ ARE NOT vit tt = AREN'T
- Th d:
+ I'M NOT JOKING, I AM SERIOUS = Ti khng phi ang a u, ti ni nghim
chnh y!
+ SHE IS NOT DRINKING WATER, SHE IS DRINKING VODKA. = C ta khng phi
ang ung nc, c ta ang ung ru vodka.
* Cng thc th nghi vn:
TO BE + Ch ng + ng t nguyn mu thm ING + B ng (nu c) ?
- Lu :
+ TO BE phi chia ng theo ch ng (AM hay IS hay ARE)
- Th d:
+ ARE YOU KIDDING? = My ang a h?
+ IS SHE CRYING? C phi c y ang khc
* Khi no th dng th hin ti tip din:
- Khi din ta hnh ng ang xy ra trong hin ti ngay khi ni.
+ I AM TRYING TO EXPLAIN BASIC GRAMMAR TO YOU = Ti ang c gii thch
ng php c bn cho bn.
- Khi din t hnh ng ang xy ra trong hin ti, nhng khng nht thit l trong lc

ang ni. Ni cch khc, tnh hung ny m t mt hnh ng hin trong qu trnh thc
hin trong hin ti:
+ I AM WORKING ON A WEBSITE = Ti ang lm 1 website (Khi ti ni cu ny, ti
c th ang ung c ph vi bn, nhng ti ang trong qu trnh thc hin hnh ng lm
website)
- Khi din ta hnh ng m bnh thng khng xy ra, hin gi ch xy ra tm thi thi,
v mt l do no .
+ I AM NOT WORKING TODAY BECAUSE I HAVE A BAD FEVER .= Hm nay ti
khng lm vic v ti b st cao (Bnh thng ti lm vic, tm thi hm nay khng lm
vic v b st)
- Khi din t mt hnh ng s xy ra trong tng lai rt gn, c k hoch sn, phi
nu r trng ng ch thi gian trong cu.
+ I AM SEEING MY DENTIST TOMORROW = Ngy mai ti i gp nha s ca ti. (
c hn sn vi nha s)
+ ARE YOU DOING ANYTHING TONIGHT? = Ti nay em c lm g khng? (hi xem
ngi ta c ln k hoch g cho ti nay hay cha)
* Cu hi WH vi th hin ti tip din:
- Cng thc cu hi: thm t WH trc cng thc th nghi vn ca th hin ti tip din.
- Th d:
+ WHAT ARE YOU DOING ? Anh ang lm g vy?
+ WHEN ARE YOU COMING HOME ? Khi no anh v nh?
* Cn bit thm:
- V tnh cht ca th hin ti tip din l din t hnh ng ang xy ra nn ta thng
dng cc trng t sau vi th ny:
NOW = by gi
RIGHT NOW = ngay by gi
AT THE MOMENT = hin thi
FOR THE TIME BEING = trong thi im hin ti

- Mt s ng t vi bn cht ng ngha ca chng khng th dng vi th tip din

c, nh:
KNOW = bit
BELIEVE = tin
UNDERSTAND = hiu
HATE = ght
LOVE = yu
LIKE = thch
SOUND = nghe c v
NEED = cn (ting Vit c th ni "Ti ang cn" nhng ting Anh khng th dng th
hin ti tip din vi ng t ny, nu mun ni "Ti ang cn..." bn phi ni "I AM IN
NEED OF..." hoc ch l " I NEED...")
APPEAR = trng c v
SEEM = c v
OWN = s hu (ting Vit c th ni " Ti ang c..." nhng ting Anh khng dng tip
din vi OWN m ch cn ni " I OWN..." = Ti s hu..
TH HIN TI HON
THNH
Nhu cu din t ca chng ta rt ln v nu ch vi nhng bi hc trc, chng ta s
khng th din t mt s nh: ni ai va mi lm g, k li tri nghim ca ta,
thng bo ta bt u lm v vn cn ang lm mt vic g ,vv...Nhng khng sao,
hc xong bi ny, bn s t c nhng cu nh vy.

* Cng thc th khng nh:

Ch ng + HAVE hoc HAS + ng t dng qu kh hon thnh.
- Gii thch:
+ Nu ch ng l I, WE, YOU, THEY hoc l danh t, ng danh t s nhiu ta dng
HAVE

+ Nu ch ng l HE, SHE, IT hoc l danh t, ng danh t s t, ta dng HAS

+ Dng qu kh hon thnh ca mt ng t a s c to ra bng cch thm ED ng
sau dng nguyn mu ca ng t .
WANTED --> WANTED
NEEDED --> NEEDED
Tuy nhin, thm ED sau ng t cng c nhng quy tc cn bit:
1. ng t tn cng bng E v c 1 ph m ng trc E, ta ch cn thm D ( DATE -->
DATED, LIVE --> LIVED...)
2. ng t tn cng bng Y phi i Y thnh I ri mi thm ED (TRY --> TRIED,
CRY --> CRIED...)
3. ng t tn cng bng 1 nguyn m + 1 ph m ngoi W v Y, ta vit ph m cui
thm 1 ln na ri mi thm ED (STOP --> STOPPED, TAP -->TAPPED, COMMIT -> COMMITTED...)
4. Tt c nhng ng t khc khng ri vo trng hp trn ch cn thm ED bnh
thng.
+ CH : C mt s ng t c dng qu kh hon thnh BT QUY TC, tc l chng
ta phi hc thuc lng danh sch nhng ng t v cch chuyn chng t dng nguyn
mu sang dng qu kh hon thnh khng theo quy tc no c. Nu bn tham kho Bng
ng T Bt Quy Tc, dng qu kh hon thnh ca mt ng t nm ct th 3 (ct
th 1 l dng nguyn mu, ct th 2 l dng qu kh - ta s hc th qu kh bi sau- v
ct th 3 l dng qu kh hon thnh). Th d vi ng t bt quy tc:
DO --> DID
GO --> GONE
SPEAK --> SPOKEN
WRITE --> WRITTEN
Cui bi ny, ta s c danh sch cc ng t bt quy tc.
- Th d:
+ I HAVE FINISHED DINNER. = Ti mi n ti xong.
+ SHE HAS JUST COME BACK. = C y va mi quay li.

* Cng thc th ph nh:

Ch ng + HAVE hoc HAS + NOT + ng t dng qu kh hon thnh.
- Cch vit tt:
+ HAVE NOT vit tt = HAVEN'T
+ HAS NOT vit tt = HASN'T
- Lu :
+ Nu ta thay NOT trong cng thc trn bng NEVER, ngha ph nh s mnh hn (t
CHA thnh CHA BAO GI)
- Th d:
YOU HAVEN'T ANSWERED MY QUESTION. = Anh vn cha tr li cu hi ca ti.
HE HASN'T BEEN HERE BEFORE. = Trc gi anh ta cha n y.
* Cng thc th nghi vn:
HAVE hoc HAS + Ch ng + ng t dng qu kh hon thnh ?
- Th d:
+ HAVE YOU EVER FELT LONELY IN A CROWD? = Bn c bao gi cm thy c
n trong m ng?
+ HAS SHE REPLIED TO YOUR EMAIL? = C y tr li email bn cha?
* Khi no ta dng th hin ti hon thnh:
- Ni v s tri nghim tri qua ri hay cha.
+ HAVE YOU EVER EATEN SUSHI? = Trc gi bn n mn sushi cha?
+ I HAVE NEVER BEEN TO SINGAPORE. = Ti cha bao gi i Singapore.
- Din t mt hnh ng bt u trong qua kh v vn cn tip tc n hin ti
+ I HAVE BEEN A TEACHER FOR FIVE YEARS. = Ti lm gio vin c 5 nm
( bt u lm gio vin v vn cn lm gio vin)
+ SHE HASN'T COME HERE FOR A LONG TIME - Lu ri c y cha n y. (

bt u ngng n y v vn cha n y)
- Din t mt hnh ng xy ra trong hin ti v c li kt qu hay hu qu trong
hin ti.
+ I HAVE HAD DINNER = Ti n ti xong (gi ti cn no).
+ HE HAS LOST HIS WALLET = Anh y b mt bp tin (gi anh y khng c bp
tin)
- Ch phn bit 2 cu sau:
+ HE HAS GONE TO SINGAPORE = Anh y i Singapore ri ( ni anh ta khng
c y u, anh ta i Singapore cha v).
+ HE HAS BEEN TO SINGAPORE = Anh y i Singapore ri ( ni anh ta c
dp i Singapre trc y, hin ti anh ta khng nht thit phi ang Singapre)

* Danh sch mt s ng t bt quy tc thng dng:

Dng nguyn mu

Dng qu kh

Dng qu kh hon
thnh

awake = nh thc

awoke

awoken

be (xem bi ng TO BE)

was, were

been

beat =nh, thng

beat

beaten

become = tr thnh

became

become

begin = bt u

began

begun

bend = b cong

bent

bent

Bet = c, nh cuc

bet

bet

Bid =u gi

bid

bid

bite = cn

bit

bitten

blow = thi

blew

blown

break = lm v

broke

broken

bring =em li

brought

brought

broadcast = truyn hnh, truyn thanh

broadcast

broadcast

build = xy dng

built

built

burn = lm bng, t chy

burned/burnt

burned/burnt

buy = mua

bought

bought

catch = bt ly

caught

caught

choose = chn

chose

chosen

come =n

came

come

cost = tn

cost

cost

Cut = ct

cut

cut

Dig =o (o l)

dug

dug

do = lm

did

done

draw = rt ra

drew

drawn

dream = m, m c

dreamed/dreamt

dreamed/dreamt

drive = li xe 4 bnh tr ln

drove

driven

drink = ung

drank

drunk

Eat = n

ate

eaten

Fall = ri

fell

fallen

feel = cm thy

felt

felt

fight = chin u

fought

fought

find = tm thy, thy ci g nh th

no

found

found

fly = bay

flew

flown

forget = qun

forgot

forgotten

forgive = tha th

forgave

forgiven

freeze =ng lnh, ng thnh

froze

frozen

Get = ly (tra t in thm)

got

gotten

give = cho

gave

given

go =i

went

gone

grow = trng thnh, trng

grew

grown

hang = treo

hung

hung

have = c

had

had

hear = nghe

heard

heard

hide = giu, trn

hid

hidden

hit =nh

hit

hit

hold = nm, cm, gi

held

held

hurt = lm tn thng

hurt

hurt

keep = gi

kept

kept

know = bit

knew

known

Lay =t, , sp t (tra t in thm)

laid

laid

lead = dn u, lnh o

led

led

learn = hc, hc c

learned/learnt

learned/learnt

leave = ri khi

left

left

lend = cho mn

lent

lent

let = ( cho ai lm g )

let

let

lie = ni di

lay

lain

lose = mt, nh mt, thua cuc

lost

lost

make = lm ra

made

made

mean = mun ni, c ngha l

meant

meant

meet = gp mt

met

met

Pay = tr gi, tr tin

paid

paid

Put = t, (tra t in thm)

put

put

read =c

read

read

ride = ci, chy xe 2 bnh

rode

ridden

ring = reo, gi in thoi

rang

rung

Rise = mc, ln cao

rose

risen

Run = chy

ran

run

Say = ni

said

said

See = thy

saw

seen

sell = bn

sold

sold

send = gi

sent

sent

show = cho xem

showed

showed/shown

shut =ng

shut

shut

sing = ht

sang

sung

sit = ngi

sat

sat

sleep = ng

slept

slept

speak = ni

spoke

spoken

spend = xi, tri qua (k ngh, qung

thi gian)

spent

spent

stand =ng

stood

stood

swim = bi, li

swam

swum

take = ly, nhn (tra t in thm)

took

taken

teach= dy

taught

taught

tear = x

tore

torn

Tell = cho ai bit

told

told

think = ngh, suy ngh

thought

thought

throw = qung, vt

threw

thrown

understand = hiu

understood

understood

wake = thc dy

woke

woken

wear = mc(qun o),i(nn), xc

(nc hoa)

wore

worn

win = chin thng

won

won

write = vit

wrote

written

TH QU KH
N
Th ny li l mt th rt c bn v rt d hiu. Trong bi ny, ta s hc th qu kh n
vi ng t TO BE v th qu kh n vi ng t thng.
QU KH N VI TO BE
* Cng thc th khng nh:
Ch ng + WAS hoc WERE + B ng nu c.
* Lu :
+ Nu ch ng l I, HE, SHE. IT hoc l ngi th 3 s t ni chung, ta dng WAS.
- I WAS DISAPPOINTED TO KNOW MY SCORE.
- SHE WAS HAPPY TO SEE ME.
+ Nu ch ng l YOU, WE, THEY hoc l s nhiu ni chung, ta dng WERE.
* Cng thc th ph nh: thm NOT sau WAS hoc WERE
* Lu :
+ WAS NOT vit tt = WASN'T

+ WERE NOT vit tt = WEREN'T

+ Cng thc th nghi vn: em WAS hoc WERE ra trc ch ng
- WERE YOU DRUNK LAST NIGHT? = Ti qua anh say ru phi khng?
QU KH N VI NG T THNG
* Cng thc th khng nh:
Ch ng + ng t dng qu kh + B ng (nu c).
- Gii thch:
+ Xt theo a s, dng qu kh ca mt ng t c to ra bng cch thm ED ng sau
dng nguyn mu ca ng t .
WANTED --> WANTED
NEEDED --> NEEDED
Tuy nhin, thm ED sau ng t cng c nhng quy tc cn bit:
1. ng t tn cng bng E v c 1 ph m ng trc E, ta ch cn thm D ( DATE -->
DATED, LIVE --> LIVED...)
2. ng t tn cng bng Y phi i Y thnh I ri mi thm ED (TRY --> TRIED,
CRY --> CRIED...)
3. ng t tn cng bng 1 nguyn m + 1 ph m ngoi W v Y, ta vit ph m cui
thm 1 ln na ri mi thm ED (STOP --> STOPPED, TAP -->TAPPED, COMMIT -> COMMITTED...)
4. Tt c nhng ng t khc khng ri vo trng hp trn ch cn thm ED bnh
thng.
+ CH : C mt s ng t c dng qu kh BT QUY TC, tc l chng ta phi hc
thuc lng danh sch nhng ng t v cch chuyn chng t dng nguyn mu sang
dng qu kh khng theo quy tc no c. Nu bn tham kho Bng ng T Bt Quy
Tc, dng qu kh ca mt ng t nm ct th 2 (ct th 1 l dng nguyn mu, ct
th 2 l dng qu kh v ct th 3 l dng qu kh hon thnh). Th d vi ng t bt
quy tc:
DO -->DID
GO -->WENT

SPEAK --> SPOKE

WRITE --> WROTE
Cui bi ny, ta s c danh sch cc ng t bt quy tc.
- Th d:
+ I SAW PETER LAST WEEK. = Tun trc ti c nhn thy Peter.
+ SHE LEFT WITHOUT SAYING A WORD. = C y b i khng ni mt li no.
* Cng thc th ph nh:
Ch ng + DID + NOT + ng t nguyn mu + B ng (nu c)
- Lu :
+ Ch ng c th l bt k ch ng no, s t hay s nhiu khng cn quan tm.
- Vit tt:
+ DID NOT vit tt l DIDN'T (ch trong vn vit trang trng hoc khi nhn mnh mi
dng dng y , bnh thng khi ni ta dng dng ngn gn)
+ Ta c th thay DID NOT trong cng thc trn bng NEVER nhn mnh ph nh
(mnh hn c khi ni dng y )
- Th d:
+ HE DIDN'T UNDERSTAND WHAT YOU SAID = Anh y khng hiu nhng g
bn ni.
+ I NEVER PROMISED YOU ANYTHING. = Anh cha bao gi ha vi em iu g c.
+ Cng thc th nghi vn:
DID + Ch ng + ng t nguyn mu + B ng (nu c) ?
- Lu :
+ Cch tr li cu hi YES - NO th qu kh n:
Tr li YES: YES, Ch ng + DID
Tr li NO: NO, Ch ng + DIDN'T

+ C th thm t WH trc cng thc trn c cu hi WH vi th qu kh n.

- Th d:
+ DID YOU DO THAT ? C phi bn lm iu ? (Tr li: YES, I DO hoc NO, I
DON'T)
+ WHAT DID YOU DO ? = Bn lm g?
* Khi no chng ta s dng Th Qu Kh n?
- Khi mun din t hnh ng xy ra xong trong qu kh.
+ I LAST SAW HER AT HER HOUSE TWO MONTHS AGO = Ln cui cng ti
nhn thy c ta nh c ta l cch y 2 thng)
- Khi mun din t hnh ng xy ra xong trong mt giai on no trong qu kh.
+ I LIVED IN CHINA FOR 6 MONTHS = Ti sng Trung Quc 6 thng ( l
chuyn qu kh, gi ti khng sng TQ)
* Trng t thng dng cho Th Qu Kh n:
YESTERDAY = hm qua
LAST NIGHT = ti hm qua
LAST WEEK = tun trc (c th thay WEEK bng MONTH (thng), YEAR(nm),
DECADE(thp nin), CENTURY...)
TWO DAYS AGO = cch y 2 ngy (c th thay TWO DAYS bng mt ng danh t v
thi gian no khc : AN HOUR AGO = Cch y 1 tingng h, 300 YEARS AGO =
cch y 300 nm...)
* Cc ng t bt quy tc thng dng:

Dng nguyn mu

Dng qu kh

Dng qu kh hon
thnh

awake = nh thc

awoke

awoken

be (xem bi ng TO BE)

was, were

been

beat =nh, thng

beat

beaten

become = tr thnh

became

become

begin = bt u

began

begun

bend = b cong

bent

bent

bet = c, nh cuc

bet

bet

bid =u gi

bid

bid

bite = cn

bit

bitten

blow = thi

blew

blown

break = lm v

broke

broken

bring =em li

brought

brought

broadcast = truyn hnh, truyn thanh

broadcast

broadcast

build = xy dng

built

built

burn = lm bng, t chy

burned/burnt

burned/burnt

buy = mua

bought

bought

catch = bt ly

caught

caught

choose = chn

chose

chosen

come =n

came

come

cost = tn

cost

cost

cut = ct

cut

cut

dig =o (o l)

dug

dug

do = lm

did

done

draw = rt ra

drew

drawn

dream = m, m c

dreamed/dreamt

dreamed/dreamt

drive = li xe 4 bnh tr ln

drove

driven

drink = ung

drank

drunk

eat = n

ate

eaten

fall = ri

fell

fallen

feel = cm thy

felt

felt

fight = chin u

fought

fought

find = tm thy, thy ci g nh th

no

found

found

fly = bay

flew

flown

forget = qun

forgot

forgotten

forgive = tha th

forgave

forgiven

freeze =ng lnh, ng thnh

froze

frozen

get = ly (tra t in thm)

got

gotten

give = cho

gave

given

go =i

went

gone

grow = trng thnh, trng

grew

grown

hang = treo

hung

hung

have = c

had

had

hear = nghe

heard

heard

hide = giu, trn

hid

hidden

hit =nh

hit

hit

hold = nm, cm, gi

held

held

hurt = lm tn thng

hurt

hurt

keep = gi

kept

kept

know = bit

knew

known

lay =t, , sp t (tra t in thm)

laid

laid

lead = dn u, lnh o

led

led

learn = hc, hc c

learned/learnt

learned/learnt

leave = ri khi

left

left

lend = cho mn

lent

lent

let = ( cho ai lm g )

let

let

lie = ni di

lay

lain

lose = mt, nh mt, thua cuc

lost

lost

make = lm ra

made

made

mean = mun ni, c ngha l

meant

meant

meet = gp mt

met

met

pay = tr gi, tr tin

paid

paid

put = t, (tra t in thm)

put

put

read =c

read

read

ride = ci, chy xe 2 bnh

rode

ridden

ring = reo, gi in thoi

rang

rung

rise = mc, ln cao

rose

risen

run = chy

ran

run

say = ni

said

said

see = thy

saw

seen

sell = bn

sold

sold

send = gi

sent

sent

show = cho xem

showed

showed/shown

shut =ng

shut

shut

sing = ht

sang

sung

sit = ngi

sat

sat

sleep = ng

slept

slept

speak = ni

spoke

spoken

spend = xi, tri qua (k ngh, qung

thi gian)

spent

spent

stand =ng

stood

stood

swim = bi, li

swam

swum

take = ly, nhn (tra t in thm)

took

taken

teach= dy

taught

taught

tear = x

tore

torn

tell = cho ai bit

told

told

think = ngh, suy ngh

thought

thought

throw = qung, vt

threw

thrown

understand = hiu

understood

understood

wake = thc dy

woke

woken

wear = mc(qun o),i(nn), xc

(nc hoa)

wore

worn

win = chin thng

won

won

write = vit

wrote

written

TH TNG LAI
N
Th tng lai n c l l th n gin v d hiu nht trong ting Anh.
* Cng thc th khng nh:
Ch ng + WILL + ng t nguyn mu + B ng.
- Vit tt "Ch ng + WILL":
+ I WILL = I'LL

+ WE WILL = WE'LL
+ YOU WILL = YOU'LL
+ THEY WILL = THEY'LL
+ HE WILL = HE'LL
+ SHE WILL = SHE'LL
+ IT WILL = IT'LL
- Th d:
+ I WILL HELP YOU. = Ti s gip bn.
+ SHE WILL CALL YOU WHEN SHE ARRIVES. (C y s gi in cho bn khi c y
n ni).
* Cng thc th ph nh:
Ch ng + WILL + NOT + ng t nguyn mu + B ng.
- Vit tt
+ WILL NOT = WON'T
- Nhn mnh ph nh:
+ Ta c th thay NOT bng NEVER nhn mnh ph nh.
- Th d:
+ I WILL NOT HELP HIM AGAIN.= Ti s khng gip n na.
+ I WILL NEVER HELP HIM AGAIN. = Ti s khng bao gi gip n na.
* Cng thc th nghi vn:
WILL + Ch ng + ng t nguyn mu + B ng ?
- Th d:
+ WILL YOU BE AT THE PARTY TONIGHT? = Ti nay bn s c mt bui tic
hay khng?

- Cu hi WH:
+ Ta ch cn thm WH trc cng thc trn t cu hi WH.
WHEN WILL YOU GO BACK TO YOUR COUNTRY? = Khi no bn s tr v nc?
* Khi no dng th tng lai n ?
- Khi mun din t mt hnh ng m ngi ni quyt nh thc hin ngay khi ni.
+ I AM SO HUNGRY. I WILL MAKE MYSELF A SANDWICH. = Ti i bng qu.
Ti s t i lm cho mnh ci bnh m sandwich.
- Khi mun din t mt li ha
+ (I PROMISE) I WILL NOT TELL ANYONE ELSE ABOUT YOUR SECRET. = (Ti
ha) ti s khng ni cho ai bit v b mt ca bn.
- Khi mun din t mt d on v tng lai.
+ IT WILL RAIN TOMORROW. = Ngy mai tri s ma.
* Lu :
- Trong mt cu, nu c mnh ph ch thi gian tng lai, mnh ph KHNG
dng th tng lai n, ch dng th hin ti n; trong mnh chnh ta mi c th dng
th tng lai n.
+ WHEN YOU COME HERE TOMORROW, WE WILL DISCUSS IT FURTHER. =
Ngy mai khi bn n y, chng ta s bn thm. ("Ngy mai khi bn n y" l mnh
ph ch thi gian, ta dng th hin ti n, "chng ta s bn thm" l mnh chnh, ta
dng th tng lai n)
- Ngy xa, khi hc th tng lai n, gio vin s dy bn v t SHALL, rng SHALL
c dng thay cho WILL khi ch ng l I hoc WE. Tuy nhin, ngy nay, tt c ch
ng u dng WILL. SHALL ch cn c dng trong vn bn trang trng nh vn bn
lut v cc hp ng. Thm ch, ngi ta cn ang mun thay th SHALL bng WILL
trong nhng vn bn trang trng . Bn ch cn nh mt trng hp duy nht m
SHALL cn c dng trong thc t l:
+ SHALL WE GO NOW? = By gi chng ta i ch?
Cc cch din t quan h s
hu
din t quan h s hu, ta hc tnh t s hu v i t s hu. Tuy nhin, nhiu

khi quan h s hu khng n gin ch l gia cc i t nhn xng v danh t m n

cn c th l gia ng danh t v danh t. Bi ny s ch cho bn thm cc cch cn li
din t quan h s hu.
Ngoi cch dng tnh t s hu din t quan h s hu, ta cn c cc cch sau:
* Cch th nht: DNG OF
- OF c ngha l CA khi c dng din t quan h s hu. (trong ting Vit, c th
khng cn vit CA cng c th hiu c, nhng trong ting Anh phi c OF)
- Khi dng OF th danh t "b" s hu ng u ri n OF ri mi n danh t ch s
hu
- Ta thng dng OF din t quan h s hu khi danh t "b" s hu l danh t tru
tng
- Th d:
+ THE BEGINNING OF THE MOVIE = phn u ca b phim (phn u b phim)
+ THE SIZE OF THE PORTRAIT = Kch thc ca tm chn dung.
* Cch th hai: khng cn dng g c, ch cn sp xp hai danh t cnh nhau
- Ta dng cch sp xp hai danh t cnh nhau din t quan h s hu khi c hai danh
t ny u l danh t c th.
- din t quan h s hu theo cch ny th th t sp xp danh t rt quan trng:
DANH T CH S HU NG TRC DANH T "B" S HU.
- Th d:
+ THE CAR RADIO = My radio ca xe hi
+ THE TREE TRUNK = Thn ca cy (thn cy)
* Cch th ba: dng S Hu Cch vi 'S
- Ta bit 'S c th l vit tt ca IS hoc HAS. Gi y ta cn bit thm 'S ngay sau
mt danh t c khi khng phi l dng vit tt ca ai m n l mt phng cch din
t quan h s hu gia hai (ng) danh t.
- Cch dng 'S din t quan h s hu:
+ Thng thng, ta chn cch dng 'S din t quan h s hu khi hai (ng) danh t

ni v ngi hoc con vt. Tuy nhin, 'S c th dng cho s vt khi n c nhn cch
ha (ta coi n nh con ngi) hoc cho cc n v thi gian hoc trong nhng cu thnh
ng.
+ Th d:
THE BOY'S HAT = ci nn ca thng nh
PETER'S CAR = Xe hi ca Peter
THE EARTH'S SURFACE = B mt ca tri t
A DAY'S WORK = Cng vic ca mt ngy
- Vi iu cn lu :
+ Khi dng 'S, ta phi theo th t sau:
Danh t lm ch s hu'S + Danh t b s hu
+ Nu danh t lm ch s hu l mt ng danh t di cng khng sao, c thm 'S ngay
sau ch cui cng trong ng danh t , v d:
MY SISTER-IN-LAW'S CHILDREN = Nhng ngi con ca ch du ti (hoc em du
ti v sister c th l ch gi hoc em gi, brother c th l anh trai hoc em trai)
+ Nu bn thn danh t lm ch s hu tn cng bng S ri th ta ch cn thm ' ng sau
n thi, khi thm S.
THE STUDENTS' BOOKS = nhng cun sch ca cc sinh vin/hc sinh
THE SMITHS' HOUSE = Cn nh ca gia nh h SMITH.
DICKENS' NOVELS = Nhng cun tiu thuyt ca ng DICKENS (tn ng ta c S ng
sau)
Tng lai vi GOING
TO
din t hnh ng trong tng lai, ta hc th tng lai n. Tuy nhin, trong mt
s trng hp, ta cn dng cu trc TO BE + GOING TO. Trong bi ny, ta s hc cng
thc v cch dng cu trc rt ph bin ny.
* Cng thc th khng nh:

Ch ng + TO BE + GOING TO + ng t nguyn mu + B ng.

- Lu :
+ TO BE phi c chia tng ng vi ch ng (AM hay IS hay ARE)
+ GOING TO trong vn ni c rt gn thnh GONNA
- Th d:
+ I AM GOING TO SEE HER TONIGHT. = Ti nay ti s gp c y.
+ SHE IS GOING TO MAD AT ME. = C ta s rt gin ti.
+ IT IS GOING TO RAIN. = Tri s ma y.
+ Cn phn bit TO + GOING TO + ng t nguyn mu vi th hin ti tip din TO
BE + ng t nguyn mu thm ING.
I AM GOING TO GO TO SCHOOL = Ti s i hc.( Tng lai vi GOING TO)
I AM GOING TO SCHOOL = Ti ang i hc (Th hin ti tip din)
* Cng thc th ph nh:
Ch ng + TO BE + NOT + GOING TO + ng t nguyn mu + B ng.
- Lu :
+ TO BE phi chia ng theo ch ng.
+ TO BE + NOT c th vit tt (xem li bi v ng t TO BE nu cn)
+ GOING TO c th rt gn thnh GONNA trong vn ni.
- Th d:
+ I AM NOT GOING TO HELP HIM = Ti s khng gip n.
+ THEY ARE NOT GOING TO LISTEN TO ME. = H s khng nghe ti ni u.
* Cng thc th nghi vn:
TO BE + Ch ng + GOING TO + ng t nguyn mu + B ng ?

- Lu :
+ TO BE chia tng ng vi ch ng.
+ GOING TO c th rt gn thnh GONNA trong vn ni.
+ C th thm t WH trc TO BE trong cng thc trn to ra cu hi WH.
- Th d:
+ ARE YOU GOING TO BE BACK BEFORE 10pm? = Bn c v trc 10 gi ti
khng?
+ WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO TONIGHT? = Ti nay bn s lm g?
* Khi no ta dng cu trc GOING TO:
- Khi mun din t k hoch, d nh cho tng lai m ta c sn ri. ( th tng lai
n vi WILL, ngi ni ra quyt nh s lm ngay khi ni)
+ WE ARE GOING TO CELEBRATE HIS BIRTHDAY THIS WEEKEND. = Chng ta
s t chc n mng sinh nht ca cu y vo cui tun ny.
- Khi mun tin on mt hnh ng s xy ra da trn bng chng trong hin ti (Th
tng lai n d on mang tnh ch quan hn, khng da vo bng chng c th, chc
chn nh Tng lai vi GOING TO)
+ LOOK AT THOSE CLOUDS! IT IS GOING TO RAIN. = Nhn nhng m my
ka. Tri s ma y
SO SNH
HN
Trong bi ny, chng ta s hc cch so snh hn (A...hn B).
* Th no l so snh hn?
- So snh hn l cu trc so snh gia hai ch th.
- Khi trong mt cu ni c hm so snh, min c ch "HN' th l so snh hn, d
ngha so snh c th l thua, km.
+ HE HAS LESS MONEY THAN I. = Anh y c t tin hn ti.
+ SHE IS LESS ATTRACTIVE THAN MY WIFE. = C y km quyn r hn so vi v

ti.
* Cng thc cu trc so snh hn: khi so snh, ta thng em tnh t hoc trng t
ra lm i tng xem xt.
** Cng thc vi tnh t/trng t ngn: tnh t/trng t ngn l tnh t/trng t c mt
m. Tnh t/trng t c hai m tit nhng tn cng bng Y cng c xem l tnh t
/trng t ngn.
TNH T/TRNG T NGN THM ER + THAN
- Th d:
+ VIETNAM IS RICHER THAN CAMBODIA. = Vit Nam giu hn Campuchia.
+ I AM TALLER THAN HE. = Ti cao hn anh ta.
+ I RUN FASTER THAN HE.
- Lu :
+ Nu tnh t ngn tn cng bng Y, i Y thnh I ri mi thm ER: HAPPY -->
HAPPIER
+ Nu tnh t ngn tn cng bng E, ta ch cn thm R thi. LATE -> LATER
+ Nu tnh t ngn tn cng bng 1 PH M + 1 NGUYN M + 1 PH M, ta vit
PH M CUI thm 1 ln ri mi thm ER. BIG --> BIGGER,
** Cng thc vi tnh t/trng t di: tnh t/trng t di l tnh t c ba m tit tr
ln hoc tnh t /trng t c hai m tit khng tn cng bng Y.
MORE + TNH T/TRNG T DI + THAN
- Th d:
+ SHE IS MORE ATTRACTIVE THAN HIS WIFE. = C y c sc cun ht hn v
anh ta.
+ I AM NOT MORE INTELLIGENT THAN YOU ARE. I JUST WORK HARDER
THAN YOU. = Ti khng c thng minh hn bn. Ti ch sing nng hn bn thi.
** Ngoi l:
- GOOD --> BETTER

- WELL --> BETTER

- BAD --> WORSE
- MANY --> MORE
- MUCH --> MORE
- LITTLE --> LESS
- FAR --> FARTHER/FURTHER (FARTHER dng khi ni v khong cch c th,
FURTHER dng ni v khong cch tru tng)
- QUIET --> QUIETER hoc MORE QUIETu c
- CLEVER --> CLEVERER hoc MORE CLEVER u c
- NARROW --> NARROWER hoc MORE NARROW u c
- SIMPLE --> SIMPLER hoc MORE SIMPLE u c
** Khi i tng em ra so snh l danh t, ta c cng thc :
MORE hoc LESS + DANH T + THAN
- Dng MORE khi mun ni nhiu...hn
- Dng LESS khi mun ni t...hn
- Nu danh t l danh t m c, n phi dng s nhiu.
- Th d:
+ I HAVE MORE MONEY THAN YOU. = Ti c nhiu tin hn anh.
+ YOU HAVE LESS MONEY THAN I.
+ SHE HAS MORE CHILDREN THAN I. = C ta c nhiu con hn ti.
** Khi ngha so snh l "A km... hn B, ta ch vic thay MORE bng LESS, ta
c:
LESS + TNH T/TRNG T + THAN
- Th d:

+ I EAT LESS THAN HE DOES. = Ti n t hn n.

+ SILVER IS LESS EXPENSIVE THAN GOLD. = Bc th t t tin hn vng.
** Lu :
- tt c mi trng hp, i t nhn xng lin sau THAN phi l i t ch ng. Trong
vn ni, ta c th dng i t tn ng ngay sau THAN nhng tt hn vn nn dng i t
ch ng.
+ HE IS RICHER THAN I. (c th ni HE IS RICHER THAN ME trong vn ni)
- v lin sau THAN, ta khng bao gi lp li v ng c v trc THAN, Nu mun r
ngha, ta ch cn dng TR NG T tng ng. Vi ng t TO BE, v sau THAN c
th lp li TO BE tng ng, nhng iu ny cng khng bt buc.
- Th d:
+ HE IS RICHER THAN I. (ta c th lp li TO BE sao cho tng ng: HE IS RICHER
THAN I AM)
+ I WORK HARDER THAN YOU. (ta c th dng tr ng t tng ng v sau
THAN: I WORK HARDER THAN YOU DO.)
+ SHE RUNS FASTER THAN HE (ta c th dng tr ng t tng ng v sau
THAN: SHE RUNS FASTER THAN HE DOES).
+ HE MADE MORE MONEY THAN I. = Anh y kim c nhiu tin hn ti (ta c
th dng tr ng t tng ng v sau THAN: HE MADE MORE MONEY THAN I
DID, tuyt i khng bao gi ni HE MADE MORE MONEY THAN I MADE
MONEY)
SO SNH
BNG
Cu trc so snh bng c dng th hin s ging nhau hoc khng ging nhau v
mt no khi em hai ch th ra so snh.
* Cu trc so snh bng vi tnh t hoc trng t:
AS + TNH T/TRNG T + AS
- Th d:
+ YOUR HANDS ARE AS COLD AS ICE. = Hai tay ca bn lnh nh nc vy!

+ HE IS AS TALL AS HIS FATHER. = Anh ta cao bng b anh ta.

+ HE DOESN'T RUN AS FAST AS I DO. = N chy khng nhanh bng ti.
- Lu :
+ din t thm cc mc khc nhau ca s so snh, ta c th thm mt trng t
trc t AS u tin, th d:
JUST = va (bng), chnh xc
NEARLY = gn nh
HALF = phn na
TWICE = gpi
THREE TIMES = ba ln
...

* Khi mun so snh bng vi danh t, ta dng AS MANY...AS hoc AS

MUCH...AS
- ...AS MANY + DANH T M C + AS...

- Th d:
+ I WORK AS MANY HOURS AS HE DOES. = Ti lm vic s gi bng vi anh ta.
- ... AS MUCH + DANH T KHNG M C + AS...
- Th d:
+ I DON'T MAKE AS MUCH MONEY AS HE DOES. = Ti khng kim c nhiu
tin bng anh ta.
SO SNH
NHT
So snh nht l cu trc ta dng khi cn so snh mt ch th vi ton b nhm, tp th
m ch th c trong .
* Cu trc so snh nht vi tnh t/trng t ngn: Tnh t hoc trng t ngn l tnh
t/trng t c mt m tit. Tnh t/trng t hai m tit tn cng bng Y cng c xem l
tnh t/trng t ngn trong cu trc ny.
THE + TNH T/TRNG T NGN THM EST.
- Th d:
+ HE IS THE SMARTEST IN HIS CLASS. = Anh y thng minh nht lp.
+ THIS BOOK IS THE CHEAPEST I CAN FIND. = Cun sch ny l cun r nht m
ti c th tm thy.
+ HE RUNS THE FASTEST. = Anh ta chy nhanh nht.
- Lu :
+ Khi tnh t ngn tn cng bng Y, ta i Y thnh I ri mi thm EST
HAPPY

-->THE HAPPIEST

CRAZY

--> THE CRAZIEST

FUNNY

--> THE FUNNIEST

+ Khi tnh t ngn tn cng bng 1 PH M + 1 NGUYN M + 1 PH M: ta vit

ph m cui cng thm 1 ln ri mi thm EST

BIG

--> THE BIGGEST

HOT

--> THE HOTTEST

SMALL --> THE SMALLEST

* Cu trc so snh nht vi tnh t/trng t di: Tnh t/trng t di l tnh t/trng t
c hai m tit tr ln.
THE + MOST + TNH T/TRNG T DI
+ YOU ARE THE MOST BEAUTIFUL LADY I HAVE EVER MET. = Em l ngi
ph n p nht m anh tng gp t trc n nay.
+ LONDON IS THE MOST EXPENSIVE CITY IN ENGLAND. = Lun n l thnh
ph t nht nc Anh.
* Ngoi l: mt s tnh t/trng t khi s dng trong cu trc so snh nht c dng c
bit, khng theo cng thc trn y, bt buc ta phi nh nm lng:
TNH T/TRNG T

DNG SO SNH NHT

BAD

THE WORST

GOOD

THE BEST

WELL

THE BEST

MANY

THE MOST

MUCH

THE MOST

- Th d:
+ IT WAS THE WORST DAY IN MY LIFE. = Ngy l ci ngy ti t nht trong i
ti.
+ HE IS THE BEST TEACHER I HAVE EVER HAD. = ng y l ngi thy tt nht
m ti tng c.
+ THESE PANTS FIT ME THE BEST. = Qun ny va vn vi ti nht.
+ WHO HAS THE MOST MONEY IN THE WORLD? = Ai c nhiu tin nht trn th
gii?
CU IU KIN

LOI 0
Cu trc cu iu kin loi 0 dng din t nhng s tht tng quan, nhng d kin
khoa hc lun lun xy ra vi mt iu kin nht nh. Ta cn c th gi cu iu kin
loi 0 l cu iu kin hin ti lun c tht. Trong mt cu iu kin lun c hai mnh :
mnh NU v mnh chnh.
* Cng thc cu iu kin loi 0:
IF + Ch ng 1 + ng t chia th hin ti n +B ng, Ch ng 2 + ng t chia
th hin ti n + B ng (nu c).
- Ni cch khc, cu iu kin loi 0, c hai mnh IF (NU) v mnh chnh u
s dng th hin ti n.
- Ch ng 1 v ch ng 2 c th trng nhau.
- B ng c th khng c, ty ngha ca cu.
- Mnh IF v mnh chnh c th ng trc hay sau u c.
- Th d:
+ IF YOU EXPOSE PHOSPORUS TO AIR, IT BURNS. = Nu bn pht-pho ra ngoi
khng kh, n s chy.
+ PHOSPHORUS BURNS IF YOU EXPOSE IT TO AIR. = Pht-pho s chy nu bn
n ra ngoi khng kh.
+ IF YOU HEAT ICE, IT MELTS. = Nu bn lm nng nc , n s tan ra.
CU IU KIN
LOI 1
Cu iu kin loi 1 cn c th c gi l cu iu kin hin ti c th c tht.
Ta s dng cu iu kin loi 1 t ra mt iu kin c th thc hin c trong hin
ti v nu kt qu c th xy ra.
* Cng thc cu iu kin loi 1:
IF + Ch ng 1 + ng t chia th hin ti n + B ng, Ch ng 2 + WILL + ng
t nguyn mu + B ng (nu c).
- Ni cch khc, cu iu kin loi 1, mnh IF dng th hin ti n, mnh chnh
dng th tng lai n.

- Ch ng 1 v ch ng 2 c th trng nhau.
- B ng c th khng c, ty ngha ca cu.
- Mnh IF v mnh chnh c th ng trc hay sau u c.
- Th d:
+ IF I HAVE THE MONEY, I WILL BUY THAT LCD MONITOR. = Nu ti c
tin, ti s mua ci mn hnh LCD .
+ I WILL BE SAD IF YOU LEAVE. = Anh s bun nu em b i.
CU IU KIN
LOI 2
Cu iu kin loi 2 l cu trc dng t ra mt iu kin khng c tht trong hin ti
v nu kt qu ca n. ng nhin, kt qu xy ra theo mt iu kin khng c tht
cng ch l mt kt qu tng tng. Ta cn c th gi cu iu kin loi 2 l cu iu
kin hin ti khng tht.
* Cng thc cu iu kin loi 2:
IF + Ch ng 1 + ng t chia th qu kh n + B ng, Ch ng 2 + WOULD/
COULD + ng t nguyn mu + B ng
- Ni cch khc, cu iu kin loi 2, mnh IF dng th qu kh n, mnh chnh
dng ng t khim khuyt WOULD hoc COULD.
* Lu :
+ mnh IF, nu ng t l TO BE th ta dng WERE cho tt c cc ch ng.
+ WOULD = s (dng qu kh ca WILL)
+ COULD = c th (dng qu kh ca CAN)
- Th d:
+ IF I WERE YOU, I WOULD GET A DIVORCE. = Nu ti l bn, ti s np n ly
d.
+ IF DOGS HAD WINGS, THEY WOULD BE ABLE TO FLY. = Nu ch c cnh,
chng s bit bay.
CU IU KIN

LOI 3
Cu iu kin loi 3 cn c th c gi l cu iu kin qu kh khng tht.
Cu trc ny c dng khi ta mun t mt gi thit ngc li vi iu g xy ra
trong qu kh.
* Cng thc cu iu kin loi 3:
IF + Ch ng 1 + ng t chia th qu kh hon thnh + B ng, Ch ng 2 +
WOULD/COULD HAVE + PP.
- Ni cch khc, cu iu kin loi 3, mnh IF dng th qu kh hon thnh, mnh
chnh dng cng thc WOULD hoc COULD + HAVE + PP.
* Lu :
- PP l dng qu kh hon thnh ca ng t. ng t bt quy tc, chnh l ct th 3
trong bng ng t bt quy tc. ng t c quy tc, chnh l ng t nguyn mu
thm ED.
- B ng c th khng c, ty ngha ca cu.
- Ch ng 1 v ch ng 2 c th trng nhau.
- Mnh IF c th ng trc hoc sau mnh chnh.
TH QU KH HON
THNH
y l th tng i kh v i hi bn bn hc thuc lng cng nhiu t cng tt trong
bng ng t bt quy tc. Ni th ny kh v khi nim ca n xa l vi ngi Vit Nam
chng ta. Tht ra ta c th hiu th qu kh hon thnh mt cch rt n gin nh sau:
* Th qu kh hon thnh dng din t mt hnh ng xy ra trc mt hnh ng
khc v c hai hnh ng ny u xy ra trong qu kh. Hnh ng no xy ra trc
th dng th qu kh hon thnh. Hnh ng xy ra sau th dng th qu kh n.
* Cng thc th qu kh hon thnh:
** Cng thc th khng nh:
Ch ng + HAD + Dng qu kh hon thnh ca ng t + B ng (nu c).
- Lu :
+ Dng qu kh hon thnh ca ng t thng thng l ng t nguyn mu thm ED.

i vi ng t bt quy tc th ta phi dng ct 3 ca bng ng t bt quy tc.

- Th d:
+ I HAD EATEN BEFORE I CAME HERE. = Ti n trc khi n y.
** Cng thc th ph nh:
Ch ng + HAD + NOT + Dng qu kh hon thnh ca ng t + B ng (nu c).
- Lu :
+ HAD NOT c th vit tt l HADN'T
- Th d:
+ SHE HADN'T PREPARED FOR THE EXAM BUT SHE STILL PASSED. = C ta
khng c chun b cho k thi nhng c ta vn u.
** Cng thc th nghi vn:
HAD + Ch ng + Dng qu kh hon thnh ca ng t + B ng (nu c) ?
- Th d:
+ HAD YOU LOCKED THE DOOR BEFORE YOU LEFT THE HOUSE? = Bn
kha ca trc khi ri khi nh ch?
TH QU KH TIP
DIN
Tn gi ca th ny c l cng gi cho bn cch dng ca n. Th ny c dng
din t mt hnh ng ang din ra ti mt thi im nht nh trong qu kh.
* Cng thc th khng nh:
Ch ng + TO BE DNG QU KH + ng t nguyn mu thm ING + B ng
(nu c).
- Lu :
+ TO BE dng qu kh ch c 2 bin th WAS v WERE, ty theo ch ng m dng
WAS hay WERE.
+ WAS c dng cho ch ng l I, HE, SHE, IT hoc bt c ch ng s t no

+ WERE c dng cho ch ng l WE, YOU, THEY hoc bt c ch ng s nhiu

no.
- Th d:
+ I WAS WATCHING TV WHEN YOU CALLED. = Lc bn gi in thoi n, ti
ang xem Tivi.
+ WHEN THEY WERE PLAYING SOCCER, IT STARTED TO RAIN. = H ang
bng th tri bt u ma.
* Cng thc th ph nh: THM NOT sau TO BE cng thc th khng nh.
- Vit tt:
+ WAS NOT = WASN'T
+ WERE NOT = WEREN'T
- Th d:
+ I WAS NOT SLEEPING. I WAS HAVING MY EYES CLOSE TO RELAX. = Lc
ti u c ng, ti nhm mt th gin.
* Cng thc th nghi vn: em TO BE ra trc ch ng.
- C th thm t WH trc TO BE to ra cu hi WH.
- Th d:
+ WHAT WERE YOU DOING AT 10 O'CLOCK LAST NIGHT? = Ti qua lc 10 gi
anh ang lm g?
* Khi no ta dng th qu kh tip din?
- din t hnh ng ang xy ra ti mt thi im c th trong qu kh.
+ SHE WAS TAKING A SHOWER WHEN THE BUGLAR BROKE IN. = Lc tn trm
t nhp vo nh, b ta ang tm.
- Khi din t hai hoc nhiu hn hai hnh ng ang xy ra cng lc trong qu kh.
+ THE BOY WAS DOING HIS HOMEWORK WHILE HIS PARENTS WERE
WATCHING TV. = Cu b ang lm bi tp trong khi b m cu ta ang xem Tivi.
- Khi mun din t mt hnh ng ang xy ra th c hnh ng khc xy n. hnh ng

ang xy ra dng th qu kh tip din, hnh ng xy n c th ct ngang hnh ng

ang xy ra c chia th qu kh n.
+ HE STOOD UP AND LEFT THE ROOM WHEN THE PROFESSOR WAS GIVING
A LECTURE. = Lc gio s ang ging bi th anh ta ng dy v ri khi phng.
Cu trc HAVE SOMEONE DO
SOMETHING
y l mt cu trc n gin, hu dng v rt thng dng din t "Ai nh ai lm
vic g".
Bn cn lu l trong ting Vit, c rt nhiu vic ta nh ngi khc lm nhng ta
khng ni chnh xc nh vy, th d:
Ngy mai ti i ht tc. (Bn khng t ht tc m bn nh th ht tc cho mnh, ng
khng?)
Xe anh d ri, anh i ra xe i! (Ngi ni tht s c bo bn i ra tim ra xe, nh th
ra xe ra gim, khng phi bo bn t ra).
Tm li, vi nhng trng hp ging nh trn, ta cn dng cu trc c gii thiu bi
ny.
* Cng thc cu trc:
Ch ng + HAVE + i t tn ng hoc danh t + ng t nguyn mu + B ng .
- Lu :
+ Ty hon cnh ni, HAVE phi c chia theo ng th. Nu cn, bn xem li bi hc
v tt c cc th trong ting Anh.
+ i t tn ng: bn xem li bi i t tn ng nu cn.
+ Danh t: nu khng dng i t tn ng, bn c th thay danh t ring ch tn ngi
vo ch ny (Peter, Tom, John...) hoc ng danh t ch ngh nghip (my lawyer, my
doctor...)
+ ng t nguyn mu: l ng t ch hnh ng c nh lm trong cu ni ny.
* Ta dng cng thc ny khi ta cn ni r ngi c nh lm l ai.
- Th d:
+ I HAD MY ASSISTANT TYPE THE REPORT. = Ti nh tr l ring nh my

bn bo co.
+ I'LL HAVE MY LAWYER LOOK INTO IT. = Ti s nh lut s ca ti xem xt vn
ny.
+ MY COMPUTER BROKE DOWN. MY BROTHER IS A COMPUTER
TECHNICIAN. I'LL HAVE HIM FIX IT. = My vi tnh ti b h. Em trai ti l k
thut vin my tnh. Ti s nh n sa gim.
* Cng thc cu trc th b ng:
Ch ng + HAVE + B ng + ng t dng qu kh hon thnh.
- Lu :
+ HAVE phi c chia ng th
+ B ng l ci c lm, ci c x l
+ ng t dng qu kh hon thnh l ng t nguyn mu thm ED i vi ng t
c quy tc, i vi ng t bt quy tc, dng qu kh hon thnh chnh l dng ct th
ba trong bng ng t bt quy tc.
* Ta thng dng cu trc th b ng ny hn v thng th ngi c nh lm
khng cn c nhc ti ngi nghe cng hiu ( th d: i ht tc th d nhin ngi
c bn nh ht tc phi l ngi th ht tc)
- Th d:
+ I HAD MY HAIR CUT YESTERDAY. = Hm qua ti i ht tc. (ng t CUT
ba dng- nguyn mu, qu kh, qu kh hon thnh- u nh nhau CUT - CUT - CUT)
+ I'M GOING TO HAVE MY CAR FIXED TOMORROW. = Ngy mai ti s em xe
hi i sa.
NG T KHIM
KHUYT
Trang 1 / 8
ng t khim khuyt l nhng ng t c bit. Chng c gi l "khim khuyt" v
chng khng c y tt c cc bin th tt c cc th v bn thn chng cng vi ch
ng khng th to ra mt cu hon chnh m cn phi c mt ng t chnh (tr mt s
trng hp ngoi l).
ng t khim khuyt tt c gm c: SHALL, WILL, WOULD, CAN, COULD, MAY,

MIGHT, SHOULD, MUST, OUGHT TO. Tt c cc ng t khim khuyt phi i vi

ng t NGUYN MU. Sau y, chng ta s hc tng ng t mt v cch dng cng
nh nhng iu cn lu ca chng. SHALL v WILL c gii thch trong bi v
TH TNG LAI N .
CAN
- Th khng nh:
Ch ng + CAN + ng t nguyn mu + B ng (nu c)
+ HE CAN SPEAK ENGLISH AND CHINESE. = Anh ta c th ni ting Anh v ting
Trung Quc.
- Th ph nh:
Ch ng + CANNOT + ng t nguyn mu + B ng (nu c)
++ Lu l CANNOT ta phi vit dnh lin nhau.
++ CANNOT vit tt l CAN'T
- Th nghi vn:
CAN + Ch ng + ng t nguyn mu + B ng (nu c)?
+ CAN YOU SPEAK RUSSIAN? = Bn c th ni ting Nga khng?
- Cu hi WH vi CAN:
T WH + CAN + Ch ng + ng t nguyn mu + B ng (nu c)?
+ WHAT CAN YOU DO? Bn c th lm g?
- Dng din t kh nng ca ch ng
+ I CAN SWIM. = Ti c th bi. = Ti bit bi
- Dng din t kh nng mt hnh ng, s vic c th xy ra hay khng
+ I THINK SO, BUT I CAN BE WRONG. = Ti ngh nh vy, nhng m ti c th sai.
- Dng xin php, yu cu gia hai ngi quen thn, khng khch so, trang trng bng
COULD hoc MAY
+ CAN I BORROW YOUR CAR TONIGHT? = Ti nay ti c th mn xe hi ca anh

c khng?

Trang tip theo ta s hc ng t khim khuyt COULD

ng t WISH, mt dng cu iu
kin
Khi t cu WISH vi ngha ao c mt iu g , ta cn nh 2 loi nh sau:
WISH loi 1: c v iu g tri ngc vi s tht trong hin ti.

* Cng thc:
Mnh WISH chia th hin ti n + Mnh chnh chia th qu kh n
* Lu :
- Vi ng t TO BE, trong vn ni c th dng WAS cho ngi th ba s t v cho I,
nhng trong vn vit, phi dng WERE cho tt c ch ng, khng phn bit ngi, khng
phn bit s t hay s nhiu.
* Th d:
I WISH I HAD A NICE HOUSE. = Ti c g ti c mt cn nh p,
SHE WISHES SHE WERE THE MOST BEAUTIFUL LADY IN VIETNAM. = C y
c g c y l ngi ph n p nht Vit Nam.
I WISH I WERE THE PRIME MINISTER. = Ti c g ti l th tng.

WISH loi 2: c v iu g tri ngc vi s tht trong qu kh

* Cng thc:
Mnh WISH chia th hin ti n + Mnh chnh chia th qu kh han thnh
* Th d:

I WISH I HAD PASSED THAT EXAM. = Ti c g ti u trong k thi .

SHE WISHES SHE HAD SOLD ALL HER STOCKS BEFORE THE MARKET WENT
DOWN.= C ta c g mnh bn tt c cc c phiu trc khi th trng xung gi.

TH HIN TI HON THNH TIP

DIN
Ging nh th hin ti hon thnh , th hin ti hon thnh tip din cng din t mt
hnh ng bt u qu kh, tip tc n hin ti v c th tip tc n tng lai. Tuy
nhin, th hin ti hon thnh tip din c khc ch n nhn mnh tnh lin tc ca hnh
ng.
Sau y l cng thc ca th hin ti hon thnh tip din:
* Cng thc:
Ch ng + HAVE hoc HAS + BEEN + ng t nguyn mu thm ING.
* Th d:
- I HAVE BEEN WAITING FOR YOU SINCE EARLY MORNING. = Anh i em
t sng sm n gi.
- THE TELEPHONE HAS BEEN RINGING FOR TWO MINUTES. = in thoi reo
hai pht ri. (v cn reo na)
* Lu :
- Khi ch ng l HE, SHE, IT hoc l ngi th 3 s t ni chung, ta dng HAS.
- Khi ch ng l I, WE, YOU, THEY hoc l ngi th 3 s nhiu ni chung, ta dng
HAVE.
TH QU KH HON THNH TIP
DIN
Ging nh th qu kh hon thnh , th qu kh hon thnh tip din dng din t
hnh ng xy ra trc mt hnh ng khc trong qu kh. im khc bit l th qu kh
hon thnh tip din nhn mnh tnh lin tc ca hnh ng hoc nhn mnh rng hnh
ng xy ra trc hnh ng khc trong qu kh vn tip tc xy ra sau khi hnh ng
sau xy ra.
Sau y l cng thc ca th qu kh hon thnh tip din:

* Cng thc:
- Th khng nh:
Ch ng + HAD + BEEN + ng t nguyn mu thm ING.
- Th d:
+ THIS MORNING, WHEN I GOT UP, IT HAD BEEN RAINING. = Sng nay, khi ti
thc dy, tri ma. (dy ri m tri vn cn ang ma)
- Th ph nh: Thm NOT sau HAD
Ch ng + HAD NOT + BEEN + ng t nguyn mu thm ING.
+ HAD NOT vit gn l HADN'T
- Th nghi vn:em HAD ra trc ch ng
HAD + Ch ng + ng t nguyn mu thm ING?

CU HI UI (TAG QUESTIONS)
Cu hi ui l mt dng cu hi rt thng dng trong ting Anh. Mc d cu tr li cho
cu hi ui cng ging nh cu tr li cho cu hi YES-NO, nhng cu hi ui c sc
thi ngha ring bit.
Cu hi ui c thnh lp sau mt cu ni khng nh hoc ph nh, c ngn cch
bng du phy (,) v vy ngi t cu hi c thng tin v cu tr li. Tuy nhin,
thng th ngi hi khng chc chn lm v thng tin ny. Nu ngi hi chc chn, t
tin rng mnh c thng tin v cu tr li nhng vn hi th khi chm dt cu hi ui,
ngi hi s ln ging.
Sau y l cch thnh lp cu hi ui cho cc tt c cc th ta hc:
* Nguyn tc chung khi lp cu hi ui:
- Nu cu ni trc du phy l cu khng nh, cu hi ui phi th ph nh.
- Nu cu ni trc du phy l cu ph nh, cu hi ui phi th khng nh
* Cu to ca cu hi ui:

- Cu hi ui gm mt tr ng t tng ng vi th c dng trong cu ni trc du

phy, c NOT hoc khng c NOT v mt i t nhn xng tng ng vi ch ng ca
cu ni trc du phy.
* Th d:
- YOU ARE AFRAID, AREN'T YOU? (Anh ang s, ng khng?)
- YOU DIDN'T DO YOUR HOMEWORK, DID YOU? (Bn khng lm bi tp nh,
ng khng?)
* Cch thnh lp cu hi ui cho cc tt c cc th ta hc:
1. Hin ti n vi TO BE:
- HE IS HANDSOME, ISN'T HE? = Anh y p trai, ng khng?
- YOU ARE WORRIED, AREN'T YOU? = Bn ang lo lng, phi khng?
- c bit vi I AM..., cu hi ui phi l AREN'T I:
+ I AM RIGHT, AREN'T I?
- Vi I AM NOT, cu hi ui s l AM I nh quy tc.
+ I AM NOT GUILTY, AM I?
2. Hin ti n ng t thng: mn tr ng t DO hoc DOES ty theo ch ng (xem
li bi Th hin ti n vi ng t thng nu cn)
- THEY LIKE ME, DON'T THEY?
- SHE LOVES YOU, DOESN'T SHE?
3. Th qu kh n vi ng t thng: mn tr ng t DID, qu khn vi TO BE:
WAS hoc WERE:
- YOU LIED TO ME, DIDN'T YOU?
- HE DIDN'T COME HERE, DID HE?
- HE WAS FRIENDLY, WASN'T HE?
4. Th hin ti hon thnh hoc hin ti hon thnh tip din: mn tr ng t HAVE
hoc HAS

- THEY HAVE LEFT, HAVEN'T THEY?

- THE RAIN HAS STOPPED, HASN'T IT?
5. Th qu kh hon thnh hoc qu kh hon thnh tip din: mn tr ng t HAD:
- HE HADN'T MET YOU BEFORE, HAD HE?
6. Th tng lai n:
- IT WILL RAIN, WON'T IT?
- YOUR GIRLFRIEND WILL COME TO THE PARTY, WON'T SHE?
* Nhng trng hp c bit cn lu :
** USED TO: tng (din t thi quen, hnh ng thng lp i lp li trong qu kh)
- Trng hp ny, ta c vic xem USED TO l mt ng t chia th qu kh. Do ,
cu hi ui tng ng ch cn mn tr ng t DID
- Th d:
+ SHE USED TO LIVE HERE, DIDN'T SHE?
** HAD BETTER:
- HAD BETTER thng c vit ngn gn thnh 'D BETTER, nn d khin ta lng
tng khi phi lp cu hi ui tng ng. Khi thy 'D BETTER, ch cn mn tr ng
t HAD lp cu hi ui.
- Th d:
+ HE'D BETTER STAY, HADN'T HE?
** WOULD RATHER:
- WOULD RATHER thng c vit gn l 'D RATHER nn cng d gy lng tng
cho bn. Ch cn mn tr ng t WOULD cho trng hp ny lp cu hi ui.
- Th d:
+ YOU'D RATHER GO, WOULDN'T YOU?
TH QU KH HON THNH TIP
DIN

Ging nh th qu kh hon thnh , th qu kh hon thnh tip din dng din t

hnh ng xy ra trc mt hnh ng khc trong qu kh. im khc bit l th qu kh
hon thnh tip din nhn mnh tnh lin tc ca hnh ng hoc nhn mnh rng hnh
ng xy ra trc hnh ng khc trong qu kh vn tip tc xy ra sau khi hnh ng
sau xy ra.
Sau y l cng thc ca th qu kh hon thnh tip din:
* Cng thc:
- Th khng nh:
Ch ng + HAD + BEEN + ng t nguyn mu thm ING.
- Th d:
+ THIS MORNING, WHEN I GOT UP, IT HAD BEEN RAINING. = Sng nay, khi ti
thc dy, tri ma. (dy ri m tri vn cn ang ma)
- Th ph nh: Thm NOT sau HAD
Ch ng + HAD NOT + BEEN + ng t nguyn mu thm ING.
+ HAD NOT vit gn l HADN'T
- Th nghi vn:em HAD ra trc ch ng
HAD + Ch ng + ng t nguyn mu thm ING?

CU HI UI (TAG QUESTIONS)
Cu hi ui l mt dng cu hi rt thng dng trong ting Anh. Mc d cu tr li cho
cu hi ui cng ging nh cu tr li cho cu hi YES-NO, nhng cu hi ui c sc
thi ngha ring bit.
Cu hi ui c thnh lp sau mt cu ni khng nh hoc ph nh, c ngn cch
bng du phy (,) v vy ngi t cu hi c thng tin v cu tr li. Tuy nhin,
thng th ngi hi khng chc chn lm v thng tin ny. Nu ngi hi chc chn, t
tin rng mnh c thng tin v cu tr li nhng vn hi th khi chm dt cu hi ui,
ngi hi s ln ging.
Sau y l cch thnh lp cu hi ui cho cc tt c cc th ta hc:

* Nguyn tc chung khi lp cu hi ui:

- Nu cu ni trc du phy l cu khng nh, cu hi ui phi th ph nh.
- Nu cu ni trc du phy l cu ph nh, cu hi ui phi th khng nh
* Cu to ca cu hi ui:
- Cu hi ui gm mt tr ng t tng ng vi th c dng trong cu ni trc du
phy, c NOT hoc khng c NOT v mt i t nhn xng tng ng vi ch ng ca
cu ni trc du phy.
* Th d:
- YOU ARE AFRAID, AREN'T YOU? (Anh ang s, ng khng?)
- YOU DIDN'T DO YOUR HOMEWORK, DID YOU? (Bn khng lm bi tp nh,
ng khng?)
* Cch thnh lp cu hi ui cho cc tt c cc th ta hc:
1. Hin ti n vi TO BE:
- HE IS HANDSOME, ISN'T HE? = Anh y p trai, ng khng?
- YOU ARE WORRIED, AREN'T YOU? = Bn ang lo lng, phi khng?
- c bit vi I AM..., cu hi ui phi l AREN'T I:
+ I AM RIGHT, AREN'T I?
- Vi I AM NOT, cu hi ui s l AM I nh quy tc.
+ I AM NOT GUILTY, AM I?
2. Hin ti n ng t thng: mn tr ng t DO hoc DOES ty theo ch ng (xem
li bi Th hin ti n vi ng t thng nu cn)
- THEY LIKE ME, DON'T THEY?
- SHE LOVES YOU, DOESN'T SHE?
3. Th qu kh n vi ng t thng: mn tr ng t DID, qu khn vi TO BE:
WAS hoc WERE:

- YOU LIED TO ME, DIDN'T YOU?

- HE DIDN'T COME HERE, DID HE?
- HE WAS FRIENDLY, WASN'T HE?
4. Th hin ti hon thnh hoc hin ti hon thnh tip din: mn tr ng t HAVE
hoc HAS
- THEY HAVE LEFT, HAVEN'T THEY?
- THE RAIN HAS STOPPED, HASN'T IT?
5. Th qu kh hon thnh hoc qu kh hon thnh tip din: mn tr ng t HAD:
- HE HADN'T MET YOU BEFORE, HAD HE?
6. Th tng lai n:
- IT WILL RAIN, WON'T IT?
- YOUR GIRLFRIEND WILL COME TO THE PARTY, WON'T SHE?
* Nhng trng hp c bit cn lu :
** USED TO: tng (din t thi quen, hnh ng thng lp i lp li trong qu kh)
- Trng hp ny, ta c vic xem USED TO l mt ng t chia th qu kh. Do ,
cu hi ui tng ng ch cn mn tr ng t DID
- Th d:
+ SHE USED TO LIVE HERE, DIDN'T SHE?
** HAD BETTER:
- HAD BETTER thng c vit ngn gn thnh 'D BETTER, nn d khin ta lng
tng khi phi lp cu hi ui tng ng. Khi thy 'D BETTER, ch cn mn tr ng
t HAD lp cu hi ui.
- Th d:
+ HE'D BETTER STAY, HADN'T HE?
** WOULD RATHER:

- WOULD RATHER thng c vit gn l 'D RATHER nn cng d gy lng tng

cho bn. Ch cn mn tr ng t WOULD cho trng hp ny lp cu hi ui.
- Th d:
+ YOU'D RATHER GO, WOULDN'T YOU?

Ngy, thng, nm, 4 ma, cch ni

gi
Bi ny s ch bn cch ni ngy, thng, nm v 4 ma trong ting Anh. Ni ngy m lch
rt n gin.

CC NGY TRONG TUN

MONDAY = th hai , vit tt = MON

TUESDAY = th ba, vit tt = TUE
WEDNESDAY = th t, vit tt = WED
THURSDAY = th nm, vit tt = THU
FRIDAY = th su, vit tt = FRI
SATURDAY = th by, vit tt = SAT
SUNDAY = Ch nht, vit tt = SUN
* Khi ni, vo th my, phi dng gii t ON ng trc th.
VD: On Sunday, I stay at home. (Vo ngy ch nht. ti nh).
CC THNG TRONG NM
1. January ( vit tt = Jan )
2. February ( vit tt = Feb)
3. March
( vit tt = Mar)
4. April ( vit tt = Apr)
5. May ( 0 vit tt )
6. June ( 0 vit tt )
7. July ( 0 vit tt )
8. August
( vit tt = Aug )
9. September ( vit tt = Sept )

 10. October
( vit tt = Oct )
11. November ( vit tt = Nov )
12. December ( vit tt = Dec )
*Khi ni, vo thng my, phi dng gii t IN ng trc thng
VD: IN SEPTEMBER, STUDENTS GO BACK TO SCHOOL AFTER THEIR
SUMMER VACATION. (Vo thng chn, hc sinh tr li trng sau k ngh h)
NI NGY TRONG THNG
* Khi ni ngy trong thng, ch cn dng s th t tng ng vi ngy mun ni,
nhng phi thm THE trc n.
VD: September the second = ngy 2 thng 9. Khi vit, c th vit September 2nd
* Nu mun ni ngy m lch, ch cn thm cm t ON THE LUNAR CALENDAR
ng sau.
VD: August 15th on the Lunar Calendar is the Middle-Autumn Festival. (15 thng 8 m lch l ngy tt Trung
Thu)

* Khi ni vo ngy no trong thng, phi dng gii t ON trc ngy.

VD: On the 4th of July, Americans celebrate their Independence Day. (Vo ngy 4 thng
7, ngi M n mng ngy Quc Khnh ca h).
4 MA
SPRING = Ma xun
SUMMER = Ma h
AUTUMN = Ma thu (Ngi M dng ch FALL thay cho AUTUMN -"fall" c ngha
l "ri", m ma thu th l rng nhiu!?)
WINTER = Ma ng
* Khi ni vo ma no, ta dng gii t IN.
VD: IT ALWAYS SNOWS IN WINTER HERE = y lun c tuyt ri vo ma
ng.
CCH NI GI
y ta s ly 9 gi lm mu. Bn c th da vo mu thay i con s cn thit khi

ni gi.
9:00 = IT'S NINE O'CLOCK hoc IT'S NINE.
9:05 = IT'S NINE OH FIVE hoc IT'S FIVE PAST NINE hoc IT'S FIVE MINUTES
AFTER NINE.
9:10 = IT'S NINE TEN hoc IT'S TEN PAST NINE hoc IT'S TEN MINUTES AFTER
NINE.
9:15 = IT'S NINE FIFTEEN hoc IT'S A QUARTER PAST NINE hoc IT'S A
QUARTER AFTER NINE.
9:30 = IT'S NINE THIRTY hoc IT'S HALF PAST NINE.
9:45 = IT'S NINE FORTY FIVE hoc IT'S A QUATER TO TEN (9 gi 45 hoc 10 gi
km 15)
9:50 = IT'S NINE FIFTY hoc IT'S TEN TO TEN (9 gi 50 hoc 10 gi km 10)
12:00 = IT'S TWELVE O'CLOCK hoc IT'S NOON (gia tra nu l 12 gi tra) hoc
IT'S MIDNIGHT (ng na m, nu l 12 gi m)
* ni r rng gi tra, chiu, ti hay gi sng ta ch cn thm AM hoc PM cui cu
ni gi.
AM: ch gi sng (sau 12 gi m n trc 12 gi tra)
PM: ch gi tra, chiu ti (t 12 gi tra tr i)
- Ch thch:
-Dnh cho bn no t m mun bit AM v PM vit tt ca ch g thi, v ngay c ngi
bn x c khi cng khng nh thng tin ny:
+ AM vit tt ca ch Latin ante meridiem (ngha l trc gia tra)
+ PM vit tt ca ch Latin post meridiem (ngha l sau gia tra)
- Th d:
+ IT'S NINE AM = 9 gi sng.
+ IT'S NINE PM. = 9 gi ti.
20 Tnh t ph bin

nht
Sau y l danh sch 20 tnh t c dng n nhiu nht trong thc t.

STT

Tnh t

Phin m

Ngha

V d

1.

NEW

/nju:/

mi

This is a new lesson.

2.

GOOD

/gud/

tt

You are a good student.

3.

FREE

/fri:/

t do, min ph

This web service is free.

4.

FRESH

/fre/

ti

You should eat fresh fruit.

5.

DELICIOUS

/di'lis/

ngon

Vietnamese food is delicious.

6.

FULL

/ful/

y, no

The glass is full.

7.

SURE

/u/

chc chn

Are you sure?

8.

CLEAN

/kli:n/

sch

The floor is clean now.

tuyt vi

You are wonderful.

9.

WONDERFUL /'wndful/

10.

SPECIAL

/'spel/

c bit

This is a special present.

11.

SMALL

/sm:l/

nh

All I want is a small house.

12.

FINE

/fain/

tt, khe

She has such fine complexion.

13.

BIG

/big/

to

Talk soft, but carry a big stick!

14.

GREAT

/greit/

v i, ln, tuyt vi

I have great news for you.

15.

REAL

/ ri l/

thc, tht

Is that real?

16.

EASY

/'i:zi/

English is easy to learn.

17.

BRIGHT

/brait/

sng

I like a bright room.

18.

DARK

/d:k/

ti

He prefers a dark room.

19.

SAFE

/seif/

an ton

It is not safe to go out late at night.

20.

RICH

/rit/

giu

She is rich, but ugly.

25 ng t ph bin
nht
Danh sch 25 ng t ting Anh c dng nhiu nht hng ngy.

ng t Phin m
Ngha
xem bi "TO BE"
/bi:/
BE
/hv/
c
HAVE
/du:/
lm
DO
/sei/
ni
SAY
/get/
(nn tra t in)
GET

MAKE
GO
KNOW
TAKE
SEE

/meik/
/go/
/nou/
/teik
/si:/

lm ra
i
bit
ly
thy

COME

/km/

THINK

/ik/

suy ngh

LOOK

/luk/

nhn

WANT

/wnt/

mun

GIVE
USE
FIND
TELL

/giv/
/ju:s/
/faind/
/tel/

cho
s dng
tm thy
ni cho ai bit

ASK

/:sk/

hi

WORK
SEEM
FEEL
TRY
LEAVE

/w:k/
/si:m/
/fi:l/
/trai/
/li:v/

lm vic
c v
cm thy
c gng, th
ri khi

CALL

/k:l/

gi, gi in

Cc gii t ph
bin
Di y l tt c nhng gii t c bn m bn cn bit:
aboard, about, above, across, after, against, along, among, around, as, at, bef
ore, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, but (except),
by, concerning, despite, down, during, except
for, from, in, into, like, near, of, off,
on, onto, out, outside, over, past, per, regarding, since, through, throughout, ti
ll, to, toward, under, underneath, until, up, upon, with, within, without,
Nhng thnh ng ting Anh c bn
nht
Thnh ng l nhng cch ni c rt nhiu ngi dng din t mt ngha no ,
v vy nu lm dng s gy ra s nhm chn. Tuy nhin, thnh ng rt thng c
dng, nht l trong vn ni. Bn cn bit t nht l tt c nhng thnh ng sau c th

hiu c ngi bn x ni g v thnh ng c i khi khng th on ngha c da

trn ngha en ca cc t trong .
A Bird In The Hand Is Worth Two In The Bush = mt con chim trong tay c
gi tr hn hai con chim trn tri
"Dan has asked me to go to a party with him. What if my boyfriend finds out?" Reply: "Don't go.
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush."
A Drop In The Bucket = ht mui b bin
"I'd like to do something to change the world but whatever I do seems like a drop in the
bucket."
A Fool And His Money Are Easily Parted = 1 k ngc khng gi c tin lu
Example: "Her husband can't seem to hold onto any amount of money; he either spends it or
loses it. A fool and his money are easily parted."
A Penny Saved Is A Penny Earned = 1 xu tit kim cng nh 1 xu lm ra
"I'm going to give you $20 but I want you to put it in the bank; a penny saved is a penny
earned!"
A Piece Of Cake = d nh n cho
"Do you think you will win your tennis match today?" Answer: "It will be a piece of cake."
Absence Makes The Heart Grow Fonder = s vng mt lm tnh yu ngt
ngo hn
"The time we spend apart has been good for us; absence makes the heart grow fonder."
Actions Speak Louder Than Words = hnh ng c gi tr hn li ni
"Don't tell me how to do this; show me! Actions speak louder than words."
Add Fuel To The Fire = thm du vo la
"I would like to do something to help, but I don't want to add fuel to the fire."
It Is All Greek to me. = Ti chng hiu g c. (m ch ch vit hoc ting
ni)
"Did you understand what he just said?" Reply: "Nope. It was all Greek to me."
All Thumbs = vng v, hu u
"Hey! You are pouring my coffee on the table!" Reply: "Oh, I'm so sorry! I have been all
thumbs today."
Cost An Arm And A Leg = tr 1 ci gi ct c, tn rt nhiu tin
"Be careful with that watch; it cost me an arm and a leg."
Arm In Arm = tay trong tay
"What a nice afternoon. We walked arm in arm along the beach for hours."
Beating Around The Bush = vng vo tam quc
"If you want to ask me, just ask; don't beat around the bush."
Better Late Than Never = th tr cn hn khng
"Sorry I was late for the meeting today; I got stuck in traffic." Answer: "That's okay; better
late than never."

Between A Rock And A Hard Place = ng gia 2 la chn kh khn

"I'd like to help you but I am stuck between a rock and a hard place."
Birds Of A Feather Flock Together = ngu tm ngu, m tm m
"Look; the volleyball players are eating at the same table together, as always." Answer: "Birds
of a feather flock together."
Bite Off More Than You Can Chew = khng lng sc
"I thought I could finish this report within one month, but it looks like I have bitten off more
than I can chew."
Bite Your Tongue = c gng im lng
"Whenever that professor says something I don't like, I have to bite my tongue."
Blood Is Thicker Than Water = 1 git mu o hn ao nc l
"When my best friend and my brother got in a fight I had to help my brother; blood is thicker
than water."
Burn Your Bridges = t cu ca mnh, tc l t lm mt i c hi ca mnh
"I wish you hadn't been rude to that man just now; he is very important in this town and you
shouldn't go around burning bridges."
Burning The Candle At Both Ends = vt kit sc ra lm vic
"Ever since this new project started I have been burning the candle at both ends. I can't
take much more of it."
Call It Off = hy b
"Tonight's game was called off because of the rain."
Cross Your Fingers = ng tc c tin l s em li s may mn
"Let's cross our fingers and hope for the best!"
Curiosity Killed The Cat = s t m c th rt nguy him
"Hey, I wonder what's down that street; it looks awfully dark and creepy." Answer: "Let's not
try to find out. Curiosity killed the cat."
Don't Count Your Chickens Until They're Hatched = trng cha n m g
"Next Friday I will be able to pay you back that money I owe you." Answer: "I won't be
counting my chickens..."
Don't Put All Your Eggs In One Basket = ng b tt c trng vo 1 r, tc
hy chia u nhng nguy c ra nhiu ni gim ri ro
"The best way to gamble is to only bet small amounts of money and never put all your eggs
in one basket."
From Rags To Riches = t ngho kh tr thnh c ph
"My uncle is a real rags to riches story."
Get Over It = vt qua, qua khi
"I was very sick yesterday, but I got over it quickly."
Great Minds Think Alike = t tng ln gp nhau
"I have decided that this summer I am going to learn how to scuba dive." Answer: "Me too! I

have already paid for the course. Great minds think alike!"
Have No Idea = khng h bit, khng c khi nim no
"I can't find my keys. I have no idea where I put them."
It Takes Two To Tango = c la mi c khi
"Her husband is awful; they fight all the time." Answer: "It takes two to tango."
Keep An Eye On = xem chng, trng chng, mt n
"I have to run to the bathroom. Can you keep an eye on my suitcase while I am gone?"
Let Sleeping Dogs Lie = ng gi li nhng chuyn khng hay
"I wanted to ask her what she thought of her ex-husband, but I figured it was better to let
sleeping dogs lie."
Neither A Borrower, Nor A Lender Be = ng cho mn tin, cng ng
mn tin
"Could you lend me twenty dollars?" Answer: "Sorry, neither a borrower nor a lender be."
Never Bite The Hand That Feeds You = ng bao gi cn vo bn tay t
cho ta n
"We have been your best customers for years. How could you suddenly treat us so rudely? You
should never bite the hand that feeds you."
Off The Hook = mt, phin, cng khe
"You're lucky; it turns out that Dad never heard you come in late last night." Answer: "Great,
that means I'm off the hook!"
Everybody Is On The Same Page = mi ngi u hiu vn
"Before we make any decisions today, I'd like to make sure that everyone is on the same
page."
Out Of Sight, Out Of Mind = xa mt cch lng
"I meant to read that book, but as soon as I put it down, I forgot about it." Answer: "Out of
sight, out of mind."
People Who Live In Glass Houses Should Not Throw Stones = bn thn mnh
khng ng th ng ch ngi khc sai
"Look at what time it is... you are late again!" Answer: "Hey, how often are you not on time?
People who live in glass houses should not throw stones."
Practice Makes Perfect = cng tp luyn nhiu cng gii
"You see how quickly you are getting better at the piano! Practice makes perfect!"
Put Your Foot In Your Mouth = t h ming mc quai, ni l li
"Let's all be very careful what we say at the meeting tomorrow. I don't want anyone putting
their foot in their mouth."
Rome Was Not Built In One Day = Thnh La M khng phi c xy trong 1
ngy
"It is taking me a long time to write this computer program." Answer: "Rome was not built
in one day."
Rub Salt In An Old Wound = Xt mui vo vt thng cha lnh

"Oh please, let's not rub salt in old wounds!"

Second Nature = vic d dng
"It has always been second nature for me to draw with both hands."
Start From Scratch = bt u t u, bt u t con s khng
"How are you going to build your business?" Answer: "Just like everyone else does: starting
from scratch."
The Pros And Cons = nhng mt li v nhng mt hi
"I've considered the pros and cons and I've decided: it is going to be expensive, but I still want
to go to college."
The Straw That Broke The Camel's Back = git nc lm trn ly
"You've been rude to me all day, and I've had it. That's the last straw!"
The Writing On The Wall = tn hiu r rng bo hiu s thay i
"Can't you see the writing on the wall?"
Third Wheel= k d tha, k cn mi
"You two go on ahead without me. I don't want to be the third wheel."
Tie The Knot = kt hn
"Did you hear about Dan and Jenny? They finally decided to tie the knot!"
Turn Over A New Leaf= quyt tm thay i cuc i
"I'm turning over a new leaf; I've decided to quit smoking."
Two Wrongs Don't Make A Right = hai ci sai khng lm nn 1 ci ng
"That boy pushed me yesterday and I am going to get him back today!" Answer: "No you are
not! Two wrongs do not make a right."
Under The Weather = khng khe trong ngi, b bnh nh do thi tit
"What's wrong?" Answer: "I'm a bit under the weather."
Up Against = ng u vi
"We have been up against stronger opponents in the past."
Water Under The Bridge = chuyn qua ri
"Aren't you still angry about what he said?" Answer: "No, that was a long time ago. It's all
water under the bridge."
When In Rome, Do As The Romans Do = nhp gia ty tc
"Are you sure we should eat this with our hands?" Answer: "Why not? All of these people are
eating it that way. When in Rome, do as the Romans do!"
When Pigs Fly = cn khuya, khng bao gi c chuyn u
"Would you ever take her on a date?" Answer: "Sure- when pigs fly!"
Without A Doubt = chc chn, khng cn nghi ng g na
"Are you going to watch the game tomorrow?" Answer: "Without a doubt!"
Word Of Mouth = s truyn ming
"Where did you hear about that?" Answer: "Just word of mouth."

You Can't Judge A Book By Its Cover = o ca sa khng lm nn thy tu,

ng nh gi da trn v b ngoi
"He dresses in plain clothing and drives an ordinary car. Who would know he is the richest man
in town? You can't judge a book by its cover!"

T loi trong ting Anh (the Parts of Speech)

SATURDAY, 28. APRIL 2007, 05:05:33
HC TING ANH

a s ngi Vit Nam khng thy c s quan trng ca t loi trong ting Anh, n gin v
trong ting Vit, chc nng ca t khng c ngha quyt nh trong cu trc cu. Chc hn t
ngi Vit gi ng chc nng ca t "cn thn" trong hai cu "ti rt cn thn" v "ti li xe rt
cn thn"?? V chng c vit y nh nhau trong ting Vit. Nhng nu bn mun vit ng
ting Anh, bn phi xc nh c t th nht l tnh t - I am very careful (v ng sau ng t
"to be"), t th hai l trng t - I drive very carefully (b ngha cho ng t thng).

Bn th c cu "ting Anh" ny xem c hiu g khng nh?

don't have only is my but all the community is use Vietnamese on the Opera there will must thank
you!
Ti hiu cu ny (mt cch kh khn) v ti l ngi Vit
khng phi ch mnh ti m c cng ng ang s dng ting Vit trn Opera s phi cm n
bn!
Nu mt ngi mt nc ni ting Anh m hiu c cu ny th c l ngi phi c gc
Vit Nam

Nu bn khng tin ti, bn c th hi anh Joe - anh Ty gii ting Vit hn c... ti -

xem anh y c hiu ni cu trn khng nh

vi ngi phng Ty m

V sao ? T duy ca ngi phng ng khc

V th, ni ng ting Anh, trc tin bn cn phi hiu r chc

nng ca tng loi t trong cu, khng dch tng t sang ting Anh nh ngi bn ca chng
ta
1. Danh t (noun)
Danh t c s dng gi tn ngi v s vt.

Danh t c dng lm ch t (subject), tc t (object) hoc b ng (complement) trong cu

(bn xem thm post Verb Functions nh).
2. Mo t (article)
Mo t dng gii thiu mt danh t.
C hai loi mo t: mo t bt nh (indefinite article) v mo t xc nh (definite article). Mo
t bt nh c s dng trc danh t m c s t. Khi cp ti mt ngi hoc s vic
c th th bn phi dng vi mo t xc nh, khng phn bit s t hay s nhiu, m c hay
khng m c.
Mo t bt nh c hai hnh thc: "A" v "AN". "A" c dng trc mt danh t bt u bng
ph m; "AN" trc mt danh t bt u bng nguyn m. Lu , vic xc nh ph m hay
nguyn m l da trn cc pht m (phonetic) ch khng phi ch ci (alphabet). V d, t
"university", mc d "U" l mt nguyn m trong bng ch ci ting Anh, nhng li c pht m
l /ju/ trong t ny, nn chng ta phi dng "A" trc : a university.
Mo t xc nh "THE" c hai cch pht m: // trc danh t bt u bng ph m; /i/ trc
danh t bt u bng nguyn m.
3. i t (pronoun)
i t dng thay th danh t nhm trnh lp li danh t.
Ting Anh c cc loi i t: nhn xng (personal), s hu (possessive), phn thn (reflexive),
ch nh (demonstrative), bt nh (indefinite), quan h (relative), nghi vn (interrogative).
i t cng ng vai tr ch t, tc t v b ng trong cu.
4. Tnh t (adjective)
Tnh t dng b ngha cho nhng t tng ng vi danh t v c t trc danh t.
Nu dng past participle (V-ed) hoc present participle (V-ing) nh tnh t th V-ed din t
trng thi b ng, v V-ing din t trng thi ch ng.
V d: your blog is interesting, so I'm interested in reading it.

Ti mun dng li y mt cht phn tch s khc nhau gia "another" v "other" (mt thc
mc t rt nhiu hc vin ca ti).
"Another" l s kt hp ca "AN" v "OTHER". Nh vy, nu l tnh t, "another" ch c th b
ngha cho mt danh t s t v cha xc nh (an indefinite singular noun). Nu mun b ngha
cho danh t khng m c, danh t xc nh hoc danh t s nhiu, bn nht thit phi dng
"other". Nu dng "another" v "other" nh i t ( thay th danh t), th "other" hoc phi
dng vi mo t xc nh (the other) hoc phi hnh thc s nhiu (others).
5. ng t (verb)
ng t dng din t hnh ng. Bn xem post Verb Functions v cc loi ng t trong
ting Anh.
6. Trng t (adverb)
Trng t c dng b ngha cho ng t, tnh t, mt trng t khc hoc c cu.
Ting Anh c cc loi trng t ch: thi quen (frequency), mc (degree), trng thi (manner),
ni chn (place), thi gian (time), nguyn nhn (cause or reason), mc ch (purpose), nhng
b (concession), iu kin (condition), kt qu (result).
Lu : trng t ch mc (adverb of degree) dng b ngha cho tnh t hoc mt trng t
khc. V d: very, extremely, quite, rather,... Nh vy, nu bn mun ni " ti rt thch c blog
ca ngi khc", th bn phi chuyn sang ting Anh l "I like to read others' blogs very much",
ch bn KHNG th ni "I very like...".
7. Gii t (preposition)
Gii t l t gii thiu mt tc t, v to nn mt cm t (phrase). Nh vy, i sau gii t bt
buc phi l mt danh t hoc t tng ng vi danh t. V d, nu mun ni "ti thch c
blog ca ngi khc" th ting Anh l "I'm interested in reading others' blogs" (reading l hnh
thc danh ng t - Gerund).
Cm t c th ng vai tr l tnh t (adjective phrase) nu b ngha cho mt danh t (hoc t
tng ng danh t). Nu b ngha cho mt cu, cm t s ng vai tr trng t (adverb
phrase).
8. Lin t (conjunction)

Lin t c dng lin kt hai t, hai cm t, hoc hai cu (mnh ).

C hai loi lin t: lin kt (coordinating) v chnh ph (subordinating).
Lin t lin kt dng din t s thm vo (addition), s chn la (choices), hoc s tng
phn (contrast).
Lin t chnh ph ch dng ni hai mnh . Khc vi lin t lin kt - ni hai mnh c lp
(independent clauses), lin t chnh ph ni hai mnh ph thuc (dependent clauses). Lin t
chnh ph bao gm cc loi: ch trng thi (manner), ni chn (place), thi gian (time), nguyn
nhn (cause or reason), mc ch (purpose), nhng b (concession), iu kin (condition), kt
qu (result).
---------Nh vy, cu v d u tin s phi c vit bng ting Anh nh th no? Tht ra, i
ca cu l "chng ti s phi cm n bn". Do , cn phi s dng mt lin t lin kt
ni hai ch t (ti v cng ng ngi Vit trn Opera). Ngoi ra, ng t "phi" trong
cu trn ch nhm din t vic chng ta s lm, ch khng c ngha l mt bn phn,
ngha v,... nn khng cn s dng "must" hay "have to". Bn th vit li cu nh

TNH T (Adjectives)
Tc gi: ngannguyen a ln lc: 16:03:54 Ngy 23-02-2008

T NH T
(Adjectives)
1. nh ngha: Tnh t l t dng phm nh cho danh t bng cch miu t cc dc
tnh ca s vt m danh t i din
2. Phn loi tnh t: Tnh t c th c phn loi theo v tr hoc chc nng:
2.1 Tnh t phn loi theo v tr:
a. Tnh t ng trc danh t
a good pupil (mt hc sinh gii)
a strong man (mt cu b li)
Hu ht tnh t trong ting Anh khi c dng tnh cht cho danh t u ng
trc danh t, ngc li trong ting Vit tnh t ng sau danh t m n phm nh Thng
thng, nhng tnh t ng trc danh t cng c th ng mt mnh, khng c danh t
theo sau nh nice, good, bad, long, short, hot, happy, beautiful....Tuy nhin , mt s t tnh t
li ch ng mt mnh trc danh t, nh former, latter, main ...

b. Tnh t ng mt mnh , khng cn bt k danh t n o ng sau n:

V d:
The boy is afraid.
The woman is asleep.
The girl is well.
She soldier looks ill.
Cc tnh t nh trn lun lun ng mt mnh, do chng ta khng th ni:
an afraid boy
an asleep woman
a well woman
an ill soldier
Nu mun din t cc trn, chng ta phi ni:
A frightened woman
A sleeping boy
A healthy woman
A sick soldier
nhng tnh t ng mt mnh sau ng t nh trn l nhng tnh t bt u bng a- v mt
s cc tnh t khc nh:
aware; afraid;alive;awake; alone; ashamed; unable; exempt; content
V d:
The hound seems afraid.
Is the girl awake or asleep?

2.2 Tnh t c phn loi theo cng dng

Tnh t c phn th nh cc nhm sau y:
a. Tnh t ch s miu t: nice, green, blue, big, good...
a large room
a charming woman
a new plane
a white pen
Tnh t ch s miu t chim phn ln s lng tnh t trong ting Anh. Chng c th phn
lm hai tiu nhm:
* Tnh t ch mc : l nhng tnh t c th din t tnh cht hoc c tnh nhng mc
(ln , nh..) khc nhau. Nhng tnh t ny c th dng dng so snh hoc c th phm
nh bi cc ph t ch mc nh very, rather, so...

small
beautiful
very old

smaller
more beautiful
so hot

smallest
the most beautiful
extremely good

b. Tnh t ch s m: bao gm tnh t ch s m (cardianls) nh one, two, three... v

nhng tnh t ch s th t (ordinals) nh first, second, third,..
c. i vi cc t ch th: ths, that, these,those; s hu (possesives) nh my, his, their v
bt nh (indefinites) nh some, many,
3. V tr ca tnh t:
Tnh t c chia theo cc v tr nh sau:
a. Trc danh t:
a small house
an old woman
khi c nhiu tnh t ng trc danh t, v tr ca chng nh sau:
b. Sau ng t: ( be v cc ng t nh seem, look, feel..)
She is tired.
Jack is hungry.
John is very tall.
c. Sau danh t: Tnh t c th i sau danh t n phm nh trong cc trng hp sau y:
* Khi tnh t c dng phm cht/tnh cht cc i t bt nh:
There is nothing interesting. [nothing l i t bt nh]
I'll tell you something new. [something l i t bt nh]
* Khi hai hay nhiu tnh t c ni vi nhau bng "and" hoc "but", tng din t bi
tnh t c nhn mnh:
The writer is both clever and wise.
The old man, poor but proud, refused my offer.
* Khi tnh t c dng trong cc cm t din t s o lng:
The road is 5 kms long
A building is ten storeys high
* Khi tnh t dng so snh:
They have a house bigger than yours
The boys easiest to teach were in the classroom
* Khi cc qu kh phn t l thnh phn ca mnh c rt gn:

The glass broken yesterday was very expensive

* Mt s qu kh phn (P2) t nh: involved, mentioned, indicated:
The court asked the people involved
Look at the notes mentioned/indicated hereafter
4. Tnh t c dng nh danh t.
Mt s tnh t c dng nh danh t ch mt tp hp ngi hoc mt khi nim
thng c "the" di trc.
the poor, the blind, the rich, the deaf, the sick, the handicapped, the good, the old; ...
V d : The rich do not know how the poor live.
(the rich= rich people, the blind = blind people)
5. S h nh th nh Tnh t kp/ghp.
a. nh ngha: Tnh t kp l s kt hp ca hai hoc nhiu t li vi nhau v c dng
nh mt tnh t duy nht.
b. Cch vit: Khi cc t c kt hp vi nhau to thnh tnh t kp, chng c th c
vit:
* thnh mt t duy nht:
life + long
= lifelong
car + sick
= carsick
* thnh hai t c du ni (-) gia
world + famous = world-famous
Cch vit tnh t kp c phn loi nh trn ch c tnh tng i. Mt tnh t kp
c th c mt s ngi bn ng vit c du gch ni (-) trong lc mt s ngi vit lin
nhau hoc chng c th thay i ch vit theo thi gian
c. Cu to: Tnh t kp c to thnh bi:
Danh t + tnh t:
snow-white ( nh mu)
world-wide (khp th gii)

carsick (nh nh)

noteworthy (nh ch )

Danh t + phn t
handmade (lm bng tay)
homegorwn (nh trng)

hearbroken (au lng)

heart-warming (vui v)

Ph t + phn t
never-defeated (khng b nh bi)
well-built (trng kin)

outspoken (thng thn)

everlasting (vnh cu)

Tnh t + tnh t
blue-black (xanh en)
dark-brown (nu m)

white-hot (cc nng)

worldly-wise (tng tri)

d. Tnh t kp bng du gch ngang (hyphenated adjectives)

V d: A four-year-old girl
= The girl is four years old.
A ten-storey building = The building has ten storeys.
A never-to-be-forgetten memory = The memory will be never forgotten.
Mu cu chc mng bng ting Anh
ng vo: September 24, 2008, 03:16:23 PM
Khi ai c nim vui, thnh cng hay ni bun v tht bi, bn c
bit chia s nim vui ni bun vi h nh th no khng? Di
y l cc mu cu dng trong cc s kin c bit gip bn c phn
ng ng n trong mi tnh hung c th.
Congratulations! - Chc mng
Bn c th ni Congratulations trong rt nhiu hon cnh khc nhau,
chng hn nh trong m ci, thng chc, vt qua k thi, hay ti
nhng b m v gia nh mi c em b.
Well done! - Lm tt lm
Bn c th ni cu ny vi ai va vt qua k thi hay t c
iu g rt kh khn nh thng chc.
Birthdays - Sinh nht
Cch thng dng nht ni v sinh nht ca ai l cu Happy
Birthday - Chc mng sinh nht! hoc trnh trng hn,
Many happy returns (on the day)! Chc iu hnh phc n vi bn
(trong ngy ny)!
Vn ho: Sinh nht thng l mt s kin quan trng hn nhiu s
kin khc Anh. L sinh nht ln th 18 rt c bit bi v bn
chnh thc tr thnh ngi ln. Trc y, 21 tui mi l ngi ln,
v mi ngi vn t chc l c bit ny bng cch trao mt chic
cha kho bc, iu c ngha key to the door - cha kho m cnh
ca.
Before an exam or something difficult - Trc mt k thi hay mt
iu g kh khn

Hy chc may mn vi h trc khi c iu g kh khn, hy ni:

Good luck - Chc may mn! Nhng nu ai rt m tn v tin rng
ni "Good luck" s mang li kt qu ngc li, th bn s nghe thy
h ni Break a leg!
Nu ai b tht bi, bn c th ni Bad luck! - Tht khng may
mn!
Ti cc bui tic hay t tp, mi ngi c th yu cu bn drink a
toast - ung mt chu chc mng mt s kin.
Here's to
Let's drink to
Ladies and Gentlemen, "The Bride and Groom".
Please raise your glasses to
Vit th cho ngi vt qua k thi
Nu bn vit mt bu thip hay mt l th cho ai vt qua k
thi bn c th s dng cu sau:
Well done! It's a fantastic result
Congratulations on passing! You deserve it after so much hard work.
Vit thip chc m ci
y l mt s cu chun thng vit trn cc thip chc l ci:
Congratulations! Wishing you many happy years together.
Wishing you the best of luck in your future together
Vit trong hon cnh au bun
Trong hon cnh kh khn, bn c th vit:
I was so sorry to hear that . - Ti rt bun khi bit rng....
Nu bn vit th cho ai c ngi thn va mi mt, bn c th
vit.
I was deeply saddened to hear - Ti thc s au bun khi bit....
hay
Please accept my deepest condolences on the death of - Xin hy
n nhn s cm thng su sc nht ca ti v s ra i ca....
(Bn c th thay "I" bng "We", chng hn nh "We were very sad
to hear that")
Mu cu chc mng bng ting Anh

Mi th li bt u khi nm mi ang n. Chc bn nm mi y

hnh phc v nhng thng y trin vng v hnh phc nht.

Everything starts a new with the new year coming. May your new year
be filled with the happinest things and yuor days with the bringtest
promise.
+ Hy vng tm thip ny s chuyn n nhng li chc chn thnh ca
ti n vi bn. Bn s trn y hnh phc trong tng lai.
Hoping this card bring your my sinceve greetings. you will be blessed
through the coming year in fullest measure.
+Anh l hun luyn vin em yu qu nht. Em gi anh li chc mng
nhn ngy " L Tnh Nhn ".
You one my favourite in structor. I send you a Valentine greeting.
+ Chc bn nm mi vui v v pht ti.
Have a happy and profitable year.
+ Gi n bn nhng li chc hnh phc trong ngy l Ging Sinh v
nm mi.
Bringing your good wishes of happiness this Chritmas and on the
coming year.
+ Mi vic li bt u tt p. Chc bn thnh cng trong nm mi.
Nhng li chc chn thnh ca ti n vi cuc sng huy hong ca
bn.
This is another good beginning. May you be richly blessed with a
succesfull new year. May my sincere blessing suround spendid travel of
you life.
+ Nng nhit chc mng thnh cng ln ca bn l hon thnh
kho nghin cu sinh v t c bng Thc S.
Hearty felications on your completing the post-graduate course
acquiring the degree of Master of Sinse.
+ Chng ti chc mng hai bn nhn ngy nh hn ca cc bn. Hy
vng rng cc bn t c nhng g hng mong mun trong cuc
sng chung.
Best wishes from us both on your engagement. We hope you will have
everything you wish for in life together.

#2

+ Li chc mng tn y lng nhn dp l thnh hn ca

bn.
Sincere congragulation from the botton of my heart on
your marrige.
+ Gi n bn mn qa ny vi c at61m lng v mt li
chc bn s hnh phc trn y. Nhng iu hnh phc
nht lun n vi bn.
Sending you this present with my heart and with that
you'll be happy in fullest measure. May the happinest
things alway happen to you.
+ Cho php ti chc mng bn nhn dp nm mi n v
xin gi n bn nhng li chc tt p: di do sc khe
v thnh vng.
Allow me to congragulation you on arrival of the new year
and to extend to you all my good wishes for your perfect
health and lasting prosperity.
+ Ti nhit thnh chc mng hnh phc cuc hn nhn
ca bn. Mong rng s kt hp ny s mang li hnh
phc mi mi cho gia nh mi ca bn.
I congragulation you wholeheratedly on your blessful
marriage. May the significant bond fruit everlasting
felicity on your new family.
+ Cho ti gi li chc mng chn thnh nht ca ti nhn
dp bn c thm mt cu con trai. C th tng tng
cu b em li nim vui cho bn v gia nh bn bit bao.
Let me offer you my sincerest congragulation upon the
arrival of your son. I can well imagine the joy which it
must affod yourself and your family.
+ Ti tin tng rng cuc hn nhn ca bn s l ngun
vui v hnh phc cho c hai ngi. Hy nhn mn qa
nh ny vi li chc mng ca ti trong l ci u hnh
phc cu bn.
I trust that your marrige will be a source of blessing and
happiness of your both, please accept this little present
with my congragu;ations upon your happy wedding.
+ Trong i chng ta gp nhau ri cui cng ni hai

ting " chia tay ". Chc tnh bn ca chng ta mi mi

vt qua thii gian v khng gian.
We met get together to know each other but say " goodbye" at last in such a crowded world. May our friendship
grow more dear inspite of time and space.
+ Gi ngi thn nht trong ngy l Ging Sinh vui v
ny.
To my dearrest love on this joyous Christmas.
+ Anh khng ngh rng anh c th c hnh phc thc s
cho n ngy anh gp em. Chc em " Ngy Tnh Nhn "
hnh phc.
I didn't think that I could ever trust happiness. The I met
you. Happy Valentine's Day dear.
+ Chc em : Ngy Tnh Nhn " hnh phc. Hy theo ui
cng vic tt p ca em!
Wishing you a happy Valentine's Day. Keep up the good
work !
+ Trong " Ngy Tnh Yu " ny cng nh mi ngy khc,
tt c nhng g ti c l tinh yu dnh cho em.
On this Valentine's day, just like every day, all I have is
love for you.
+ Mong rng nm mi s mang s bnh yn v pht t
n cho bn.
I hope that the coming year bring you peace and
prosperity.
+ D khng gian c phn cch chng ta v thi gian c
tri i mi ngy, ti vn gi trong tim s quan tm v
nhng li chc tt p cho em.
Though distance separates us and time keeps us going on
our own way, through each and every day I will hold in
my heart the caring and blessing for you and never let
you go
chc cc bn thnh cng contact: 0912499680 (no sms)