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IMPORTANT FORMULAS
The Law of Cosine
a2 b2 c2 2bc cos
c2 a 2 b2 2ab cos
b2 c 2 a 2
cos
2bc
b2 c2 a 2 2ca cos
c 2 a 2 b2
cos
2ca
a 2 b2 c 2
cos
2ab
.
.
a b tan 2
a b tan
2
b c tan 2
b c tan
2
c a tan 2
c a tan
2
.
.
( s b)( s c)
( s c)( s a)
sin
sin
2
bc
2
ca
s ( s a)
s ( s b)
cos
cos
2
bc
2
ac
( s b)( s c)
( s c)( s a)
tan
tan
2
s ( s a)
2
s ( s b)
abc
where s
2s a b c
2
( s a)( s b)
2
ab
s ( s c)
cos
2
ab
( s a)( s b)
tan
2
s ( s c)
sin
.
.
2sin
2sin
2sin
s (s a)(s b)(s c)
(Heros Formula)
.
.
FSc-I - 12.8 - 2
Circum Radius ( R )
a
b
c
R
abc
4
.
.
In-Radius ( = r )
r
s
.
.
Escribed Circle
r1
sa
r2
s b
r3
sc
.
.
Question # 1
R.H.S 4 R sin
sin
sin
2
2
2
( s b)( s c) ( s a)( s c) ( s a)( s b)
4R
bc
ac
ab
( s b)( s c)( s a)( s c)( s a)( s b)
4R
(bc)(ac)(ab)
( s a ) 2 ( s b) 2 ( s c ) 2
4R
a 2b2c 2
( s a)( s b)( s c)
4R
abc
abc ( s a)( s b)( s c)
4
abc
4
( s a)( s b)( s c)
s( s a)( s b)( s c)
s
2
s (s a)( s b)( s c)
r = L.H.S
s
Question # 1 (ii)
R.H.S 4 R cos
cos
cos
2
2
2
s ( s a ) s ( s b) s ( s c )
4R
bc
ac
ab
abc
4
FSc-I - 12.8 - 3
s 2 s( s a)( s b)( s c)
4R
(bc)(ac)(ab)
4R
a sin
abc
4
s
4 abc
s
abc
abc
4
= L.H.S
Question # 2
We take
a sin
s2 2
4R 2 2 2
abc
sin
sec
a sin
sin
2 cos
2
( s a)( s c) ( s a)( s b)
a
ac
ab
2
1
s(s a)
bc
bc
s(s a)
( s a)( s c)
ac
( s a)( s b)
ab
( s a)( s b)( s c)
a2s
s( s a)( s b)( s c)
s
as
s( s a)( s b)( s c)
a2 s2
r . (i)
2
2
2
Similarly prove yourself
b sin
c sin
sin
sin
sin
sec
sec
sec
2
2
2
From (i), (ii) and (iii)
r a sin
sin
Question # 3 (i)
R.H.S = 4 R sin
r . (ii)
*Correction
r . (iii)
*Correction
sec
cos
b sin
cos
2
2
( s b)( s c)
4R
bc
sin
sec
c sin
2
s ( s b)
ac
s ( s c)
ab
sin
sec
FSc-I - 12.8 - 4
s 2 ( s b) 2 ( s c ) 2
( s b)( s c) s ( s b) s ( s c)
4R
4R
a 2b 2 c 2
(bc)(ac)(ab)
abc
abc s (s b)(s c) (s a )
s ( s b)( s c)
4
R
4R
4
abc
( s a)
4
abc
s ( s a)( s b)( s c)
( s a)
r1 = R.H.S
( s a)
( s a)
2
( s b)( s c)
( s b)( s c) s ( s a)
s
s
s ( s a)
s ( s a)
s (s a)
s
s ( s a)( s b)( s c)
s 2 (s a)2
r1 = L.H.S
s 2 ( s a)2
s ( s a)
( s a)
a
s
b
s
b
s
s c s a
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
( s a)( s b)( s c)
( s a)( s b)( s c)
3s 2s
2
( s a)( s b)( s c)
abc
2
FSc-I - 12.8 - 5
s
s
2
( s a)( s b)( s c) s
2
s2
2
2 s
2
2 s = R.H.S
s ( s a)( s b)( s c)
Quesiton # 5 (ii)
L.H.S = r r1 r2 r3
s s a s b s c
4
4
2 2 = R.H.S
s ( s a)( s b)( s c)
Question # 5 (iii)
L.H.S r1 r2 r3 r
1
1
1
s a s b s c s
s a s b s c s
( s b) ( s a )
2s b a
s ( s c)
ssc
s ( s c)
( s a)( s b)
( s a)( s b) s( s c)
a bcba
c
2s a b c
(
s
a
)(
s
b
)
s
(
s
c
)
c
c
1
1
( s a)( s b) s( s c)
( s a)( s b) s( s c)
s 2 sc s 2 as bs ab
s ( s c) ( s a)( s b)
c
c
2
s ( s a)( s b)( s c)
2s 2 s(a b c) ab
2s 2 s(2s) ab
c
2s 2 2s 2 ab abc
abc
4
c
4R = R.H.S
Question # 5 (iv)
L.H.S =
s a s b s c
3
s 3
FSc-I - 12.8 - 6
s 3
s s2
s2 r
2
r s 2 = R.H.S
Question # 6
(i) a 13 , b 14 , c 15
a b c 13 14 15
s
21
2
2
s a 21 13 8
s b 21 14 7
s c 21 15 6
So s (s a)(s b)(s c)
21(8)(7)(6) 7056 84
Now
abc (13)(14)(15)
8.125
4
4(84)
84
4
r
21
s
84
r1
10.5
sa 8
84
r2
12
s b 7
84
r3
12
sc 6
R
(ii)
Do yourself as (i)
Question # 7
(i)
Do yourself as (ii)
(ii) In equilateral triangle all the sides are equal so a b c
abc
aaa
3a
s
2
2
2
3a
1
3
sa
a 1 a a
2
2
2
Now
s (s a)(s b)(s c)
s (s a)(s a)(s a) s ( s a)
3a a 3
3a 4
2 8
16
3 a2
3a 1
a
2 2
FSc-I - 12.8 - 7
Now
r
s
3 a2
3 a2 2
3a
4
3a
6
4
3a
2
3a
abc
a
a
3
a a a
2
4
3
3
3 3
4 3a
4
3a 2
3a
3 a2 2
4
r1
1a
2
sa
4
a
2
3a
r2
2
s b
sa
3a
r3
2
sc
sa
Now
3a
:
6
1
:
6
1 :
3a
:
3
1
:
3
2 :
r : R : r1 : r 2 : r 3
Question # 8
(i) R.H.S r 2 cot
r2
2
1
tan
r2
cot
2
1
tan
cot
3a
:
2
1
:
2
3 :
3a
:
2
1
:
2
3 :
3a
2
1
2
3
ing by
ing by 6
2
1
tan
1
1
1
( s b)( s c)
( s a)( s c)
( s a)( s b)
s ( s a)
s ( s b)
s (s c)
r2
s ( s a)
s ( s b)
s (s c)
s 3 ( s a)( s b)( s c)
( s a ) 2 ( s b) 2 ( s c ) 2
s3
s
r2
( s a)( s b)( s c) s
s4
2
s3
( s a)( s b)( s c)
s4
s ( s a)( s b)( s c)
2
s2
s
r
s
2
3a
FSc-I - 12.8 - 8
(ii)
2 s2
= L.H.S
s2
Do yourself
cos
cos
2
2
2
s ( s a ) s ( s b) s ( s c )
bc
ca
ab
s ( s a ) s ( s b) s ( s c )
(bc)(ac)(ab)
s 2 s ( s a)( s b)( s c)
s2 2
4 Rr
4 Rr
a 2b2c 2
a 2b 2 c 2
s
abc s
4 Rr
4
= L.H.S
abc
4 s abc
Question # 9
(i) L.H.S
1
2s
abc
4s
abc
abc
abc
2 abc
2
s 4
a
b
c
bc ac ab
ab bc ca
1 1 1
R.H.S
r1 r2 r3
1
1
1
s a s b s c
s a s b s c
s a s b s c 3s (a b c)
3s 2s
2s a b c
1
s
1
= L.H.S
r
s
(ii)
1
2r R
2s a b c
FSc-I - 12.8 - 9
Question # 10
a sin
We take
cos
sin
1
2 a sin sin
2
2 cos
2
Now see Question # 2
Question # 11
L.H.S abc sin sin sin
1
1
1
Since ab sin bc sin ca sin
2
2
2
2
2
2
, sin
, sin
sin
ab
bc
ca
2 2 2
Thus L.H.S abc
bc ac ab
2a 2b 2c
abc
2a 2b 2c
abc
2s a b c
2 a b c 2(2s)
4s = R.H.S
Question # 12 (i)
L.H.S (r1 r2 ) tan
2
( s a)( s b)
s ( s c)
s a s b
( s b) ( s a) ( s a)( s b) s ( s c)
s ( s c)
s ( s c)
( s a)( s b)
s b s a s (s a )(s b)(s c)
s 2 ( s c) 2
( s a)( s b)
2s a b
2
2
2
( s a)( s b) s ( s c)
a bc a b
( s a)( s b) s( s c)
2s a b c
2c
2c
2 c = R.H.S
s( s a)( s b)( s c)
*Correction
FSc-I - 12.8 - 10
1
1
1
1
s c s tan 2
s c s ( s a)( s b)
s ( s c)
s ( s c)
c
s ( s c)
s ( s c)
s (s c)
s ( s c) ( s a)( s b)
s ( s c) ( s a)( s b) s ( s c)
c
c s 2 ( s c) 2
s 2 ( s c) 2
s
(
s
c
)
s
(
s
a
)(
s
b
)(
s
c
)
2
s ( s c)
c s ( s c)
c = R.H.S
s ( s c)