NIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY THE UNIVERSITY OF BURDWAN DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING(B.E.) CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL is is to certify that the work embodied in the project entitled MULTI AGENT STEM BASED SCHEME FOR REVISED NATIONAL TB CONTROL ROGRAM by Sayantan Halder , Indrasish Banerjee , Sesa Sigha Roy , arnali Dey Sarkar as partial fulfillment for the award of degree of BACHELOR F ENGINEERING in COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING at University Institute of Technology, The University of Burdwan is a record of the work f the students which has been carried out under my supervision. hereby forward this thesis. te: 28.06-201/ i ie lace : Burdwan ‘Mr. Shibakali Gupta Lecturer Dept. of CSE & IT University Institute of Technology The University of Burdwantem Haldn. 2007-1040 Sesa Singha Roy 2007-1030 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ‘express our heartiest gratitude to our mentor and project guide Mr. Shibakali ta (Lecturer of UIT), for providing us an opportunity to develop this project radually make this better. We are grateful to him for his valuable advice and failed information about the project through out the entire development of oth, fue Indrasish Banerjee 2007-1001 Baxns Barnali DeySarkar 2007-1055THE UNIVERSITY OF BURDWAN DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING CERTIFICATE is to certify that the work embodied in the project entitled MULTI AGENT M_BASED SCHEME FOR REVISED NATIONAL TB CONTROL IRAM submitted by Sayantan Halder , Indrasish Banerjee , Sesa a Roy , Barnali Dey Sarkar to the Department of Computer Science & ineering is carried out under my direct supervision and guidance. project work has been prepared as per regulation of The University of iwan and | strongly recommend that this project work can be accepted in fal fulfillment for the B.E.(CSE Session :2007-11) degree course of the /ERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. Shibakali Gupta Guide Head of the Dept. of CSE &IT Dept. of CSE & ITCONTENTS NAME OF THE CHAPTER Introduction Literature Survey Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme Programme Goals, Objectives Components Of DOTs Control Flow Diagram DOT Centre Control Programme ‘Symptoms Result Conclusion, ‘Types Of Classes Categorization Treatment Category -I Category-II Category-HII Significance Of Using Multi Agent System The JADE Platform Motivation Brief History Platform Operating System For JADE JADE Over FIPA,MAS BASED SCHEME FOR NATIONAL TB CONTROL PROGRAMME JADE Architecture Operational Requirements Operating System Web Servers Portable Thin Client Hardware Relational Population Services JADE 6 Getting Started With JADE Creating JADE Agents Concept Behind Design and Implementation DOTS Organizer Programme Description and First Run Design Implementation using JADE Advantage Over Existing System Future Scope Conclusion ReferencesMAS BASED SCHEME FOR NATIONAL TB CONTROL PROGRAMME INTRODUCTION sulosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Pulmonary ‘ounts for more than 85% of all case. In 2006, about 9.2 million new cases and 1.7 million were reported due to TB globally, 80% of the TB cases are in 22 high burden countries. {fifth of global TB incidence is in India. Every Year 1.9 million new cases occur in India, of 0.8 million are infectious. As per WHO estimates in 2006 , nearly 3.2 lakh deaths din India due to Tuberculosis (mortality rate 28 per lakh). Deaths due to tuberculosis the combined deaths from all other communicable disease and account for 26% of all ile adult deaths. Annual risk of infection is about 1.5%. It’s higher in urban areas .at 2.2% rural areas, at 1.3%, Prevalence of infection is 30% in all age groups combined. The lence of TB has been estimated at 3.8 million bacillary cases for the year 2000. One sputum, ive case infects 10-15 individuals in a year. Life time risk of development of disease in a ly infected young child is 10% and half of the risk falls within first 5 years following tion. The risk of progression from latent disease is 10% - 60% if co-infected with HIV. tion, Prevalence as well as incidence of disease increases with age. Two peaks in incidence ‘observed — the first in 1-4 year age group, reflecting progression from recent ‘TB infection the second in adolescents and young adults. The disease incidence is highest in the most ically productive age group of 15-60 years. The disease is 3-5 times more common in les. Prevalence of disease is similar in rural and urban areas. However, it is more common in slums. e the introduction of the National Tuberculosis Control Programme (NTP) in 1962 ,the falence of tubereulosis has not changed in the country. There was decline in morality from 80 Jakh in 1971 to 53 per lakh population in 1993.” Consequent to implementation of Revised onal Tuberculosis Control Programme, number of deaths is estimated to be 3,22,000 per year sainst 5 lakh deaths occurring here. present TB control program hugely depends on manual labors and paperwork, which is jeous and hard to manage when distributed over a large area. Considering the present , we propose a System that will digitalize the whole RNTCP program to manage it in a ‘and error free way as well as it makes statistics available with just a click of button.LITERATURE SURVEY (D_ INFORMATION: {introduction of the National Tuberculosis Control Program in 1962, the prevalence of gis has not changed in the country. There was decline in morality from 80 per lakh in '53 per lakh population in 1993. Consequent to implementation of Revised National slosis Control Program (RNTCP ),, number of deaths is estimated to be 3,22,000 per year 5 lakh deaths occurring here. nt TB control program hugely depends on manual labourS and paperwork, which is ‘and hard to manage when distributed over a large area. Considering the present our System will digitalize the whole RNTCP program to manage it in a better and error ay as well as it will makes statistics available with just a click of button . Our system is ted using Multi Agent System (MAS) on JADE platform . < literature survey extracts information from some of the literature available on this Hiect . It does not claim to be complete , nor does it take a position towards the nion expressed in these articles . The information is grouped under two discussion scussion Line 1: The main objective of the project sion Line 2: The prime drawbacks in all these papers the following sections , we are going to take a look on some of the recent popular orks done in this field . THEE ORES EEE OES IEE EHO EEEMAS BASED SCHEME FOR NATIONAL TB CONTROL PROGRAMME Source: ‘Designing multi-agent systems: a framework and application’! , by Sooyong Park and Vijayan Sugumaran (www.elsevier.com/locate/eswa 5 2005) ‘Main Idea: This paper proposes an architecture centric method for developing MAS that supports the important phases of systematic software development. In particular, this approach is geared towards supporting system properties specially focused on agent coordination and autonomy. A goal-based approach is utilized for the problem domain analysis, and individual agents are mapped to the system’s refined goals. Further, architectural styles and pattems are applied to generate the overall design of MAS?*#*! UML (Unified Modelling Language)'®! and ADL (Architecture Description Language)! are used for modelling and formalizing the MAS architecture -The proposed architecture is applied to ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) domain and a proof-of-concept prototype has been developed to demonstrate this endeavour . This paper proposes an architecture-based method for the systematic development of MAS ( Multi Agent System )!"! . A goal-based approach is used for problem domain analysis , and agents are mapped to the refined goals of the system. In order to support the coordination and autonomy needs of agents, which are considered as main properties of MAS, architectural styles and patterns are utilized in representing the architecture. UML ( Unified Modeling Language )!"! and ADL (Architecture Description Language)! are used in modelling and formalizing the architecture. The proposed method has been applied to ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) domain and a proof-of-concept prototype has been implemented to provide face-validity of the approach. Source : ‘An Open Agent Architecture for Assisting Elder Independence’ , by Karen Zita Haigh , John Phelps and ChristopherW. Geib Main Idea: This paper proposes an agent-oriented system to aid elderly people to live longer in their homes, increasing the duration of their independence from round-the-clock care while maintaining important social connectedness and reducing caregiver burden. The Independent Life Style Assistant (LLL.S.A.) is a multi agent system that incorporates a unified sensing model, probabilistically derived situation awareness, hierarchical task network response planning, real-time action selection control, complex coordination, and machine learning. This paper describes the problem, our reasoning for selecting an agent-MAS BASED SCHEME FOR NATIONAL TS CONTROL PROGRAMME based approach, and the architecture of the system. In this paper an automated monitoring and caregiving system called Independent Life Style Assistant ( LL.S.A ) . It will be the integration of the individual functions, augmented with advanced reasoning capabilities to create an intelligent, coherent, useful assistant that helps people enjoy a prolonged independent lifestyle . It will also. provide this integration through a unique, knowledge- based approach to situation assessment and interaction generation. That is, LLL.S.A. will coordinate device inputs and outputs intelligently through holistic situation tracking, Given the scenario, it is decided on an agent-oriented programming paradigm, and evaluated several agent architecture altematives, finally selecting the Java Agent Development Environment JADE !" for L.L.S.A. Source : ‘Agents applied in health care : A review’ , by David Isern , David Sanchez and Antonio Moreno (www. intl.elsevierhealth.com/journais/ijmi ; 2010 ) Main Idea : This paper reviews representative works in this area in order to identify the main research lines and study their level of applicability. Moreover, from the analysis of those works and the authors’ own experiences, some lines of future research are suggested. This paper presents a review of the literature ( 2002 — 2008 ) of applications of agents in healthcare collected from medical databases as well as international conferences. 15 agent-based systems were selected according to a set of criteria of work relevancy. Their internal architecture as well as communication-based coordination techniques were reviewed. A classification considering the main goal of the systems has been made. For each category, a discussion of the suitability of agent technology in resolving health care problems is presented. ‘Agent technology has emerged in the last years as a new and promising paradigm focused cn the modelling, design and development of complex systems. It has become a leading area of research in artificial intelligence (AI) and the focus of a number of major initiatives "Agents and, more generally, multi-agent systems allow to model in a realistic way complex, heterogeneous and distributed systems and environments, by assigning an agent to cach real-world emtity involved. The use of intelligent agents in Medicine has been shown as a complementary technique to improve the performance of a computerised system in terms of interoperability, scalability and reconfigurability. Moreover, it is one of the main topics of international conferences in AI in medicine as shown in "), According to this review, the use of agents in healthcarel'®™"! has a wide range of applications such as supporting the expert’s decision-making, accessing distributed data sources or the coordination of the execution of healthcare activities!"MAS BASED SCHEME FOR NATIONAL TB CONTROL PROGRAMME ‘Complex agent networks explaining the HIV epidemic among homosexual men rdam’ , by Shan Mei , P.M.A. Sloot , Rick Quax , Yifan Zhu , Weiping Wang y.seiencedirect.com ; 2010 ) Jn Idea : In this paper , the concept of a complex agent network (CAN) is introduced model the HIV epidemic by combining multi-agent systems ( MAS ) and complex ‘ks, in which agents represent individuals who can have sexual interactions . The licability of CANs is demonstrated by constructing and executing a detailed HIV jidemic model for men who have sex with men (MSM) in Amsterdam, including a nction between steady and casual relationships. This paper focuses on MSM acts because they play an important role in HIV epidemies and have been tracked in ‘erdam for a long time. The experiments here show good correspondence between historical data of the Amsterdam cohort study and the simulation results. Simulating .e spreading of the Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic requires a detailed description of the population network, especially for small populations in which individuals can be represented in detail and accuracy. ‘Modeling the HIV epidemic is difficult for various reasons . Firstly, the true incidence of the HIV/AIDS epidemic is uncertain since many people may be unaware of their infection . Secondly, HIV progression has a very long asymptomatic period which makes studies of the actual infection spreading a very complicated task [24]. Finally, HIV has various routes of infection and the population is highly inhomogeneous. Multi-agent systems (MAS) and complex networks (CNs) are often used separately to model and simulate epidemics , however , these models typically focus on large populations and whether they can be applied to small networks (~103 to 104) is still questionable and requires further research. This paper presents the complex agent network (CAN) approach for simulating epidemies in small networks to great detail . The CAN is a hybrid approach in which MASs and CNs are the basic methods of modelling epidemics on individual and population scales, respectively. Using the CAN approach, a relatively detailed model of the HIV endemic among MSM in Amsterdam can be stimulated . This model also includes a distinction between steady and casual relationships, which is regarded as an important aspect .MAS BASED SCHEME FOR NATIONAL TB CONTROL PROGRAMME ‘Component-based mediation services for the integration of medical ications’ , Y. Xu, D. Sauquet , P. Degoulet , M.-C. Jaulent (yw w.clsevier.com/locate/artmed ; 2003 ) ‘Main Idea; In this project , the mediation services based on the generic and reusable software components that facilitate the construction of an integration platform is, developed which ease the communication and the meaningful transformation among, distributed and heterogeneous applications. Since , allowing exchange of information and ‘eooperation among network-wide distributed and heterogeneous applications is a major need of current health-care information systems. The European project ‘SynEx’ aims at developing an integration platform for both new and legacy applications on each partner's site. ‘The main component of the mediation services is named “Pilot” in this project , serves as an intelligent broker . It uses a multi-agents service model allowing the integration platform to be multi-servers. It transforms a client request into a valid high level service on the platform. Each service is broken up into several elementary steps by: the Pilot. For each step, the Pilot uses an agent to realize the operation configured by the step . At runtime , the Pilot synchronizes the execution of different steps. To ease the communication and the interaction with the heterogeneous systems, an agent can integrate a ‘Mediator’, The Mediators are the communication and interpretation tools: ‘within the mediation services. In this project ,a generic model that can be specialized for creating specific mediators have been developed for the different use cases . The mediator model uses two interfaces to connect the mediator with two systems that need to: communicate, Each interface deals with the three aspects through three managers (the: ‘Communication Manager, the Syntax Manager and the Semantic Manager). Some ready- to-use specializations are developed for some well defined cases which can reduce the development effort, Once a manager is specialized, it can be used in different combinations with other managers to resolve different problems. The meaningful transformation is ensured on a semantic level in each mediator through the Semantic Model component . This last component allows the mapping among different vocabularies used by different systems through a shared ontology which allows the ‘mapping process to focus on the meaning of the transformed information. In this project XML is used in different components of the mediation services as the interchange format and the description format. This has enhanced the flexibility of the components. The component based approach allows the generic components to be reused in different context and also allows the mediation services to be open to integrate other available technologies thus largely reduce the development efforts.MAS BASED SCHEME FOR NATIONAL TB CONTROL PROGRAMME F. Source : ‘Mobile multi-agent based, distributed information platform (MADIP) for wide- ‘area e-health monitoring’ , by Chuan Jun Su Coww seiencedirect.com ; 2008 ) > Main Idea + ¢-Health!™) care is characterized by high degree of distributed, labour- intensive works, mobility, and information access from various types of devices. Current and emerging developments in mobile computing integrated with developments in pervasive agent technologies such as mobile agent will have a radical impact on future health-care delivery systems. ‘This paper presents the design and architecture of a mobile multi-agent based information platform-MADIP-to support the intensive and distributed nature of wide-area (e.g. national or metropolitan) monitoring environment’**. To exemplify the proposed methodology, an e-health monitoring environment was built on top of MADIP as an illustration. Aglets Software Development Kit (ASDK) was adopted for prototyping, concept-proofing, and evaluation. By integrating the proposed platform with light-weight, portable monitoring devices (e.g., portable vital sign monitor), continuous long-term health monitoring can be performed without interfering with the patients’ everyday activities and without restricting their mobility. The optimal utilization of medical resources can be also achieved. In this context, mobile agent (MA ) technology is more suitable as it provides powerful and efficient mechanisms to develop applications for a distributed and heterogeneous environment. Mobile agent technology provides basic functions such as creation, migration, execution of the mobile agents, as well as specialized functions that involve agent security and management. The benefits of mobile agents consist of overcoming the limitations of a client device, customizability, higher survivability, asynchronous and autonomous computing, and local data access and interoperability. The development of MADIP or similar systems will be critical for the future of health care monitoring. From the medical staff point of views, the workload can be reduced by substituting routine patient supervision tasks. While from the patient point of views, patient care can be improved by immediate transit as well as communication between agents with more reliable information and also it is, delivered in a ubiquitous way. Moreover, documentation is diminished as a consequence of the elimination of hand-written records, clinical reports, and medical errors, ete,BASED SCHEME FOR NATIONAL TB CONTROL PROGRAMME environment for monitoring Alzheimer patients, agent technology for . by Juan M. Corchado , Javier Bajo , Yanira de Paz. , Dante I. Tapia lirect.com ; 2008 ) : This paper presents an autonomous intelligent agent developed for sing Alzheimer patients’ health care in execution time in geriatric residences. The (Autonomous aGent for monitoring ALZheimer patients) is an autonomous ‘ease based planner agent designed to plan the nurses! working time , to maintain the standard working reports about the nurses’ activities, and to that the patients assigned to the nurses are given the right care. The agent es in wireless devices and is integrated with complementary agents into a multi- system, named ALZ-MAS (ALZheimer Multi-Agent System), capable of with the environment. AGALZ description, its relationship with the ntary agents, and preliminary results of the multi-agent system prototype in a ‘environment are presented. AGALZ (Autonomous aGent for monitoring ALZheimer patients) agent is aimed to rove the efficiency of health care in geriatric residences. This paper describes the agent and explains how this deliberative planning agent has been designed and plemented. The AGALZ agent has been integrated within a multi-agent system called MAS (ALZheimer Multi-Agent System), developed for facilitating the management d control of geriatric residences. The aim of this paper is to present the AGALZ agent d to demonstrate how its planning mechanism improves the medical assistance”'**'*) geriatric residences by optimizing the visiting schedules. These agents also facilitate nurses! and doctors’ work by providing updated information about patients and ergencies, as well as historical data. Source : ‘Multi-agent modelling and simulation of an Aedes aegypti mosquito population’, by Sandro JerOnimo de Almeida , Ricardo Poley Martins Ferreira , Alvaro E. Eiras , Robin P. Obermayr , Martin Geier (www. clsevier.com/locate/envsoft ; 2010 ) Main idea : This paper deals with the simulation of a mosquito Aedes aegypti population. The mosquito population was modelled using an individual-based approach. The model consists of agents representing 4. aegypti mosquitoes, human beings, some mammals and objects found in urban environments such as walls and water containers. In this paper the -10-MAS BASED SCHEME FOR NATIONAL TB CONTROL PROGRAMME el which was implemented by multi-agent systems in the Repast framework is |. Simulations were performed and the results were compared with those in a biological experiment, and data obtained from a local Zoonozes control . Comparisons between real and simulated data showed high correlation indices. ‘eases here are simulated to study whether or not an artificial trap can be effectively ed as an active based population control measure. This also shows how the number of 3 and their localization can affect the population dynamics. 8 paper provides a model and a computational tool for simulating the dynamics of A. population”*"!, «Sim Pop Mosq’. The aim is to simulate mosquito population, is present in small geographical area such as : a single home , a group of house, ity block. The simulator uses a multi-agent system (MAS), in which each individual modelled and the model is carried out by a computational agent capable of interacting, h the environment and with other agents using sensors and actors'*24 | The oped simulator can, for example, simulate a house and its inhabitants, objects and juitoes flying within its limits. It is possible to simulate the dynamics of an A. ypti mosquito population in a controlled environment in order to observe the group jes of mosquitoes under particular constraints, such as lack of water or blood for 2. The ‘Sim Pop Mosq’ model can provide spatial, temporal, and state details of fh agent in the simulation. The model can also specify special behaviours for each went . We want to use the model to study how these behaviours could affect the “mosquito population. Source : ‘An extended JADE-S based framework for developing secure Multi-Agent Systems’ , by Salvatore Vitabile , Vincenzo Conti , Carmelo Militello , Filippo Sorbello U(oww.clsevier.com/locate/esi ; 2009 ) Main Idea: In this paper an extended JADE-S based framework for developing secure ‘Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) is proposed. Agent communities are self-organized virtual spaces consisting of a large number of agents and their dynamic environments. Within a community, agents group together offering special e-services for effective, reliable, and ‘mutual benefits. Usually, an agent community is composed of specialized agents performing one or more tasks in a single domain/sub-domain, or in highly intersecting domains, However, secure Multi Agent Systems require severe mechanisms in order to prevent malicious attacks. Several limits affect exiting, secure agents platform, such as the lack of a strong authentication system, the lack of a flexible distributed mechanism for access control and the lack of a system for storing past behaviours of agent/user, Biometric owner agents authentication, agent/users policies to “leMAS BASED SCHEME FOR NATIONAL TB CONTROL PROGRAMME agent's behaviour and actions, and agent/users reputation level to select trusted ‘can be used to overcome the above limits and enhance the level of security for applications. In the proposed system of this paper , the framework functionalities nded by self-contained FPGA biometric sensors providing secure and fast user ication service, Each agent owner, by means of biometric authentication, acquires own X.509V3 digital certificate. Policy files and a flexible, fast distributed Access | Mechanism can regulate behavior and actions of any users/agent inside the 1m. In addition, a mechanism based on the agent reputation is used: reputation is an ibute associated to each owner and/or agent on the basis of its past behavior and rity. In order to prove the feasibility of the proposed framework, here a multi-agent- ing system is being developed. System goal deals with e-Banking services such as account statements, account transactions and so on. In the paper, the experimental s of the biometric self-contained sensors are also outlined. this paper, an extended JADE-S based framework integrating biometrics features for owner authentication, a flexible, fast distributed Access Control Mechanism, and a ibuted agent/users reputation system for selecting trusted agents is proposed. Due to versatility, the framework simplifies the development of multi-secure agent plications integrating the described countermeasures in order to prevent security icks. Source : ‘Combining Semantic Web technologies with Multi-Agent Systems for integrated access to biological resources’ , by Francisco Gareia-Sanchez , Jesualdo Toms Ferndndez-Breis , Rafael Valencia-Garcia , Juan Miguel Gémez , Rodrigo Martinez-Béjar (www.elsevier.com/locate/y bin ; 2008 ) ‘Main Idea: In this paper SEMMAS, an ontology-based, domain- independent framework for seamlessly integrating Intelligent Agents and Semantic Web Services is presented. The increasing volume and diversity of information in biomedical research is demanding new approaches for data integration in this domain. Semantic Web technologies and applications can leverage the potential of biomedical information integration and discovery, facing the problem of semantic heterogeneity of biomedical information sources. In such an environment, agent technology can assist users in discovering and invoking the services available on the Internet. “12MAS BASED SCHEME FOR NATIONAL TB CONTROL PROGRAMME case, the approach is backed with a proof-of-concept implementation where the through and efficiency of integrating disparate biomedical information sources n tested. paper, an ontology-based framework has been presented that successfully nes both Agent and Semantic Web Services technologies to enable the integrated ss t0 biological data sources. The main goal of the paper is the seamless integration spplication of these technologies in such a way that their deficiencies are overcome heir utility maximized. The contribution here is an overall solution, based on a fully architecture and proof-of-concept implementation that serves as a meeting point ‘both service consumers and service providers through a user-friendly, web-based hical interface. Also here the foundations and main concepts of the referred are pointed out and its architecture detailed are also pointed out , and it has showed here that how the framework can help in solving the integration and ogeneity problems in the challenging field of bioinformatics. in Idea: This paper describes a multi-agent system ( MAS ) to help in the revision .edical prescriptions containing antibiotics of restricted use. ospitals have a specified set of Antibiotics for Restricted Use (ARU), very expensive, hich are only recommended for special pathologies. The pharmacy department daily ccks the prescription of this kind of antibiotics since it is often the case that, after a al analysis, one can get the same therapeutic effects by using normal antibiotics ich are much cheaper and usually less aggressive. he proposed approach attaches an agent to each patient which is responsible of checking, different medical aspects related to his/her prescribed therapy. A ‘pharmacy agent’ is esponsible for analyzing it and suggesting altemative antibiotic treatments. All these ents are integrated in a hospital distributed scenario composed by many different kinds software and human agents. This patient-centered multi-agent scenario is specified g the design methodology of Electronic Institutions. ‘In this paper, the development of an agent-based decision support system is described ‘o improve the treatment of infectious diseases which are initially being treated with antibiotics of restricted use ( ARU ). This application is to automatize the current process ‘of revising and proposing alternative antibiotics which is manually carried out by the 13MAS BASED SCHEME FOR NATIONAL TB CONTROL PROGRAMME -y department at the Mataro’ Hospital (a case study ) but which is very similar in of the hospitals! ‘JADE implemented mobile multi-agent based, distributed information wim for pervasive health care monitoring’ , by Chuan-Jun Su , Chia-Ying Wu .elsevier.com/locate/asoc ; 2011) This paper aims to implement a highly distributed information ‘ure—MADIP by using Intelligent Agent paradigm , which is able to notify the nsible care-provider of abnormality automatically, offer distance medical advice, d perform continuous health monitoring for those who need it. To confront issues of interoperability, scalability, and openness in heterogeneous e-health ronments, a FIPA 2000 standard compliant agent development platform— DE(Java Agent DEvelopment Framework) was adopted for the design and jlementation of the proposed intelligent multi-agent based MADIP system. Fhe system was designed for aiding authorized health care staff in making more d, objective life decisions and relieves the pressure of man-hour information eval and assessment. This prototype system however has yet to be fully evaluated th health professionals. The existing health care systems provide very passive services suffer from incompatibility among systems, because of the differing standards etween the systems. To confront the problem of system Interoperability, Kimetal 7 ‘adopted the JADE to the health care system for providing effective management and ‘automated services, Two frameworks were applied to their health care system and an interoperability technology was proposed between the OSGi (Open Service Gateway Initiative) and JADE to share services among the frameworks. A multi-agent system that provides health care-related services to the citizens and visitors of a city was reported in), The agents of the system allow the user to access his/her medical record, to find out the medical information of the city, and to make a booking to be visited by a particular Kind of doctor. Doctors may request the performance of clinical tests on the patient and ‘update the medical record of the patient during a visit. To confront the security issue of JADE, a security framework called SAgent was proposed °") which helps to protect the computations of mobile agent applications in potentially hostile environments.BASED SCHEME FOR NATIONAL TB CONTROL PROGRAMME DRAWBACKS : is presented as a description of some of the recent applications done using Systems ( MAS ) specially in the medical field. Each Multi Agent scenario ees new issues and their corresponding complications and drawbacks. arizing a wide range of such existing work , some useful future directions are n the following sections. each domain requires a different approach , from a research perspective the domain embodies as many issues as possible. In some of the applications described only few important characteristics of MAS like ‘agent coordination’ and ‘agent yy’ have been focussed, But to build a complete MAS system successfully, all the istics of MAS should be incorporated like agent security, mobility, ete. On the er hand , in some applications , the proper ontology and the APIs are not given , which needed to be added to provide completeness to the application. In some cases, the tion stored in the system is not secured and there are scope for data loss and data tion, Which are really important issues to be concerned about. The system should © protected from the attack of malicious entities. One another important issue is that ndling of the proposed should be easy as such systems are aimed to serve the common le who may or may not be educated, In some of the above shown applications, the formation is not available via World Wide Web services, which is another shortcoming. is to make the information of different social issues and the corresponding statistics ailable to all the people around the world, the use of internet is a must. This also helps in distributing the information throughout the world, so that people sitting at any region of the world can access it successfully. In our proposed system, “MAS based scheme for RNTCP’, all the above shortcomings and drawbacks have been resolved. All the above characteristics have been included to make it a simple, secured, distributed and easy to handle. Only basic knowledge of computer handling is needed to handle our proposed system. Our proposed system is capable of doing a survey region wise to find out which area is more effected by the particular disease ( TB for instance ). This system also helps medical researchers and students to understand the current condition of the program and get statistical report of current condition of disease control nationwide or in a particular area.BASED SCHEME FOR NATIONAL TB CONTROL PROGRAMME Park (Department of Computer Science, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea) , Vijayan Sugumaran ( Department of Decision and Information Sciences, ‘of Business Administration, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA) , Systems with Applications 28 , 2005 , Designing multi-agent systems: a wrk and application , 259-271. .R. J, & Lin, Y. C. (2004), Intelligent agents for supporting construction -ement negotiation, Expert Systems with Applications, 27(1), 107-119. IH, & Park, 8. C. (2003); Agent and data mining based decision support system its adaptation to a new customer-centric electronic commerce; Expert Systems with ications, 25(4), 619-635. W. P., & Tsai, T. C. (2003); An interactive agent-based system for concept-based +b search; Expert Systems with Applications, 24(4), 365-373. li, E., & Son, T. C. (2003); Designing intelligent agents to support universal sessibility of E-commerce services; Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, ), 147-161. iau, C. I. (2003).:Belief, information acquisition, and trust in multi-agent systems—A jodal logic formulation; Artificial Intelligence, 149(1), 31-60. Xu, H., & Shatz, S. (2003); ADK: An agent development kit based on a formal design ‘model for multi-agent systems, Automated Software Engineering, 10(4), 337-365. Fowler, M., & Scott, K. (2000); UML distilled (2nd ed.). Reading; MA: Addison. Wesley. |.Clements, P. C. (1996); A survey of architecture description languages; Proceedings of ‘the 8th International Workshop on Software Specification and Design, March 22-23, Schloss Velen, Germany, 16-25. 0). EF. Bellifemine, A. Poggi, and G. Rimassa; JADE: A FIPA-compliant agent framework In Proceedings of The Practical Applications of Intelligent Agents and ‘Muli Agent ~—“‘Technology = (PAAM);—spages. «97-108, 1999. (http://sharon.cselt.it/projects/jade’) [l!]. _ R. Annicchiarico, U. Cortés, C. Urdiales (Bds.); Agent Technology and e-Health, Whitestein Series in Software Agent Technologies and Autonomic Computing; Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland, 2008. [12]. M. Luck, P. McBumey, 0. Shehory, 8. Willmott; Agent Technology: Computing as Interaction (A Roadmap for Agent Based Computing); AgentLink, 2005. [13]. JL. Nealon, A. Moreno (Eds.); Applications of Software Agent Technology in the Health Care Domain; Whitestein Series in Software Agent Technologies and Autonomic Computing, Birkhéuser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland, 2003. -16-"MAS BASED SCHEME FOR NATIONAL TB CONTROL PROGRAMME -L. Patel, E.H. Shortliffe, M. Stefanelli, P. Szolovits, MR. Berthold, R. A ‘Abu-Hanna; The coming of age of artificial intelligence in medicine; Intelligence in Medicine 46 (1) (2009) 5-17 Wooldridge; An Introduction to Multi agent Systems; 2" ed., John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., West Sussex, England, 2009. |. Fox, M. Beveridge, D. Glasspool; Understanding intelligent agents: analysis ssis; AI Communications 16 (3) (2003) 139-152. IM, Corchado, J. Bajo, A. Abraham; GerAml: improving healthcare delivery in residences; IEEE Intelligent Systems 23 (2008) 19-25. K. Decker, J. Li; Coordinated hospital patient scheduling, im: Y., Demazeau, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems, ICMAS 1998 IEEE Press, Paris, France, 1998, pp. 104-111 D.W. Glasspool, A. Oettinger, J.H. Smith-Spark, F.D. Castillo, V.E.L. Monaghan, Fox; Supporting medical planning by mitigating cognitive load, Methods of tion in Medicine 46 (6) (2007) 636-640. H. van der Linden, D. Kalra, A. Hasman, J. Talmon; Inter-organizational future of EHR systems: a review of the security and privacy related issues; ational Journal of Medical Informatics 78 (3) (2009) 141-160 D. Foster, C. McGregor, S. El-Masti.; A survey of agent-based intelligent decision rt systems to support clinical management and research; in: G. Armano, B. li , J. Denzinger, A. Martin, S. Miles, H. Tianfield, R. Unland (Eds.), Proceedings SOBIOMED'0S, Utretch, Netherlands, 2005. G. Lanzola, L. Gatti, S. Falasconi, M. Stefanelli; A framework for building poperative software agents in medical applications, Artificial Intelligence in Medicine 3) (1999) 223-249. JA. Meunier; A virtual machine for a functional mobile agent architecture mporting distributed medical information; in: LE.E.E Computer Society (Ed), ceedings of CBMS '99, Washington, DC, USA, 1999. 8. Miksch, K. Cheng, B. Hayes-Roth; An intelligent assistant for patient health ‘care; Proceedings of Agents'97, ACM Press, New York, 1997, pp. 458-465). Sandholm. T, 1999; Multi agent System : A Modern Introduction to Distributed “Artificial Intelligence ; MIT Press Viassis. N, 2003; A concise introduction to Multi agent System and distributed Al ; Informatics Institute, University of Amterdam, Focks, D.A., Haile , D.G. Daniels, E. Mount, G.A., 1993b.; Dynamic life table for ‘Aedes aegypti ( Diptera : Culicidae ) : analysis of the literature and model development; Journal of medical Entomology , 1018-1028. j]. Yang, H.M., 2003. Epidemiologia da Transmissio da Dengue. CNMAC e Congreso Nacional de Matematica Aplicada e Computacional, pp. 387¢396. y. Ferreira, C.P., Yang, HM, 2003. Estudo dinémico da populagio de mosquitos Aedes aegypti. CNMAC - Congreso Nacional de Matemitica Aplicada e Computacio-nal, pp. 1872196.MAS BASED SCHEME FOR NATIONAL TB CONTROL PROGRAMME Derouich, M., Boutayeb, A. Twizell, E., 2003. A model of dengue fever. ‘Medical Engineering OnLine. Williams, CR, Johnson, P.H., Long, S.A, Rapley, L.P., Ritchie, S.A., Rapid esti-mation of aedes aegypti population size _using ion modelling, witha novel approach to calibration and field validation. of Medical Ento- mology, 1173e1179. M.Maheu, P.Whitten, A.Allen; E-Health, Telehealth, and Telemedicine; A Guide Start-up and Success, Jossey-Bass W. Wiley Company, 2001 GP. Picco; Mobile agents: an introduction, Microprocessors and Microsystems; (2001) 65-74. S.T. Vuong, I. Ivanov, Mobile Intelligent Agent System: Wave vs. JAVA, etaACOM . in : The First International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Applications Communications, Portland, May 1996. MJ. Mendes, F.M. Silva, Mobile agents in autonomous decentralized systems, 1S (1999) 258-260. Belongia A, Schwartz B; Strategies for promoting judicious use of antibiotics by tors and patients. Br Med J 1998;317:668-71 NH. Kim , et al., Middleware interoperability based mobile health care system, Proceedings of the 9" International conference on Advanced Communication Technology, vol. 1, 2007, pp. 209-213 | A. Moreno, et al., Provision of Agent based health-care services; AL Communication 3 (16) (2003) 167-178. V. Gunupudi, $.R. Tate, SAgent: A security framework for JADE , in: Proceedings of the fifth Intemational Joint Conference on Autonomous agents and Multi agent System , 2006, pp. 1116-1118.MAS BASED SCHEME FOR NATIONAL TB CONTROL PROGRAMME [SED NATIONAL TUBERCULOSIS CONTROL PROGRAMME 1993 ,a revised strategy called DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment Short-Course) ‘was pilot tested. As a result of tremendous success in the pilot projects .RNCTP was ed in the country in 1997 with WHO recommended DOTS strategy. The programme expanded in a phased manner and by March 2006 ,entire country has been covered the programme. I of RNCTP in India has been completed in 2006 with expansion of DOTS to cover entire country. Phase 11(2006-11) aims to further increases the access of services to inalized groups in hard-to-reach areas through continuation of activities of phase I and intensive monitoring ,supervision and evaluation mme Goals : ~ To reduce mortality and morbidity from tuberculosis. — To interrupt chain of transmission. jectives : ~ To cure at least 85% of all newly detected infectious cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. ~ To detect at least 70% of estimated new smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis eases. mponents of DOTS: DOTS is a systematic strategy having five components + ~ Political and administrative commitment ~ Good quality diagnosis ,primarily by sputum smear microscopy ~ Uninterrupted supply of good quality drugs ~ Directly Observed Treatment (DOT) -+ Systematic monitoring and accountabilityMAS BASED SCHEME FOR NATIONAL TB CONTROL PROGRAMME Flow Diagram : ——|___-- — fR Central TB Division sto Training and |e State TB Cell stration centre District 78 Centre per 5lakh population |____—]_ Tuberculosis unit MO-TC STS STLS Block/Taluk Hospital) Microscopy Centre }———__ MO per 1 lakh population /PHC/Dispensary) DOT Centre }OT Centre : It can be located at a facility run by govt. ,private or NGOs. Idea is to ride directly observed treatment to patients at a place convenient to them. Anybody except ily members of a TB patient can be DOTS provider e.g health workers ,private practitioners 's and link workers like ASHA.MAS BASED SCHEME FOR NATIONAL TB CONTROL PROGRAMME 204 CONTROL PROGRAMME ptoms : Principal : Cough © expectora >=2 weeks Associated : © Loss of Weight ¥ Tiredness Y Auorexia ¥ Chest Pain ¥ Shortness of Breath Y Evening rise of Temp ¥ Haemoptasis Patient & the orincival & anv one associated Sputum tests (two) oH aaa a Spot Sputum Test Early Morning Sputum Test Sa a 4 ne = a se Sie arr 2ave live &1-ve ltve &1-ve eS acces sett ace eee Sputum +ve pulmonary TB case P.T.O aeMAS BASED SCHEME FOR NATIONAL TB CONTROL PROGRAMME lustrue : | Follow up : Still cough persists | / Sputum test (two) again Measure : ult : 1. Anyone test is +ve Measure : Chest X-Ray a Results Suggestive of T.B Conclusion : | Sputum / Smear +ve ‘Smear -ve pulmonary pulmonary TB 1B : If a patient is confirmed to have TB (smear +ve /-ve) , he/she is called a 22MAS BASED SCHEME FOR NATIONAL TB CONTROL PROGRAMME P.T.O s of Cases Characteristics 1. New Case: Never had any treatment of TB before. 2. Relapse: Completed treatment of TB or declared to be cured before but now having TB. 3. Treatment Taken antitubercular drugs after default : for >= 1 month but then discontinued for >=2 months Consecutively. 4, Failure: Persistant TB even after completing proper treatment. 5. Transfer in: Transferred from a TB unit to another during the course of Treatment. 6. Others: Who do not fit in the above mentioned types. PTO 23MAS BASED SCHEME FOR NATIONAL TB CONTROL PROGRAMME tegorization : Types of cases included 1. New sputum +ve . —> Il, New sputum -ve seriously ill. Ill. New extra-pulmonary TB seriously ill. I. Sputum +ve relapse. 7 Il. Sputum +ve failure. => Ill. Sputum +ve treatment after default. IV. Others. |. New sputum -ve not seriously ill. Il. New extra-pulmonary TB not seriously ill. > P.T.O 24BASED SCHEME FOR NATIONAL T8 CONTROL PROGRAMME 2 ah Initial Sputum a. ave “ve — Start LP for 2 months Sputum Test at the end of 2 month ~ve ‘Continue IP for Start CP for another 1 month ‘ne _aeepneR st s Test Sputum at the Test Sputum at the end of 3" month end of 4" month Poe we we Start CP for 4 months Continue CP Continued... 2sMAS BASED SCHEME FOR NATIONAL TB CONTROL PROGRAMME i a, ‘Test Sputum at the end of 6” month we we SCTEM EEA eee : Failure: Continue CP ‘Test Sputum at the end of 7 month a) i ve we rallurs Treatment — Complete All Failure leads to start Category-Il Treatment. 26 P.T.O‘MAS BASED SCHEME FOR NATIONAL TB CONTROL PROGRAMME } 4.6.2 Category-Il_: RARER ES, Start |.P for 3 months ve sere apache Continued |.P for Start C.P for another 1 month S month, l. | Start C.P for Test Sputum at the 5 month. end of 5" month melons /™ Test Sputum at the end of 6" month ge Test drug resistance and start 2" line of treatment . tance Continue CP line of ee oe, Sputum test at the Sputum test; end of 9" month end of 8” ao a am we a si 7 Start 2™ line Cured Treatment of Treatment completeSCHEME FOR NATIONAL TB CONTROL PROGRAMME 4.6.3 Category-Iil_: ‘sputum test at the end of 2 month a tye we sa Start C.P for 4 months " Recognize the patient & begin category: _ treatment AS La z ‘Sputum test at the end of 6” month EBT: Start category-II treatment lote : 1.P = Intensive Phase ; C.P = Continuation Phase