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jpUj;j KbAk;. mNjNeuk; NkYk; juTfisj; je;J cjTtjd; %yk;
NkYk; ,izf;fTk; KbAk;.
vdJ fUj;JfSf;Fg; gjpyspf;f Kbahj murpay; #dpaq;fs;>
jk; i kr; rhHe; j J vd; W Kj; j piu Fj; j p jg; g pr; nry; t J
nghJg;gz;ghfTs;sJ. ghl;lhsp tHf;f ,yf;fpak; gpur;rhuj; jd;ik
tha;e;jJ vd;W Kj;jpiu Fj;JtJld;> mJ fiy> mofpay; mw;w
twl;Lj;jdk; nfhz;lJ vd;fpw mtJ}Wfs; %yk;> jkJ tf;fw;w
murpay; gpiog;ig ,e;j mikg;gpy; elj;JtJ Nghy;> vd; vOj;Jf;Fg;
gjpyspf;f KbahjtHfs; ~~jdpegH jhf;Fjy;|| nfhz;lJ vd;w tje;jp
%yk;> murpaypy; gpiof;f KaYfpd;wdH. vd; vOj;ij vLj;J>
mij epWt tf;fw;w murpay; #dpaq;fspd; gpiog;ig> gyKiw
ehd; NfhhpAk;> epWtKbahJ gpiog;G murpay; nra;tJ kl;Lk;
njhlUfpd;wJ.
vdJ fl; L iufspd; nkhop njhlHghf itf; f g; g Lk;
tpkHrdq;fis nkhopapay; Jiwapy; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.
mNjNeuk; vdJ fUj; J fs; kP J gjpyspf; f KbahjtHfs;
nkhopapayhy; jk;ik %bg; ghJfhf;f Kay;fpd;wdH. ,jpy; ,Ue;J
vd; fUj;Jf;F midj;J tifahd mtJ}WfisAk;> jilfisAk;
$l jkJ tHf;f Nehf;fpy; ,Ue;J ifahSfpd;wdH. vdJ Muk;gf;
fy; t papy; Vw; g l; l FiwghLfs; > nkhopapaypy; FiwghLfis
Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. mJTk; jj;Jtj; JiwapYk;> jj;Jt tpkHrdj;jpYk;
,it NkYk; fbdkhfpd;wJ.
gp. ,uahfud;
009
kiyafj;jpy; gpwe;j ehd; Muk;g mbg;gilf; fy;tpiaj;

~~Njhl;lf; fhl;L|| (,ij ,g;gbj;jhd; miog;ghHfs;) ghlrhiyfspy;
njhlq;fpajhYk;> rpWtajpNyNa ghlrhiyf;F Ke;jpa> gpe;jpa
Neuj;ij> cly; ciog;gpy; <LgLj;j epHge;jpj;j Vo;ikAld; $ba
tho;f;ifahYk;> fy;tpapy; Fiwghl;il Vw;gLj;j> mjdhy; nkhopapy;
,yf;fzj; jtWfs; Vw;gLfpd;wJ. ~~Njhl;lf; fhl;L|| ghlrhiyfisg;
gw;wpa Fwpg;G xd;Wk; $wNtz;Lk;. ,yq;ifapy; kpf Nkhrkhf
,dk;> tHf;fk;> rhjp> Njrpa xJf;fiyf; nfhz;l ,g;ghlrhiyfs;>
fy;tpj; juj;ijg; NgZtjpy;iy. jho;j;jg;gl;l kf;fSf;F chpa
ghlrhiyfs; $l ,yq;ifapy; fy;tpj; juj;ijg; NgZgit. Mdhy;
Njhl; l g; ghlrhiyfs; aho; g ; g hzj; j py; ,Ue; J tUk; fl; l ha
MrphpaHfspd; Ntz;lhntWg;ghd Gwf;fzpg;G+lhfTk;> NkYk; ,ay;ghd
Gwf;fzpg;GlDk; fy;tpiar; rpijj;jJ. mjDld; aho; Nkyhjpf;ff;
fz; N zhl; l k; kiyaf kf; f s; gw; w pa ,dg; Gwf; f zpg; i g
epahag;gLj;jp xJf;fpaJ. ,jd; nkhj;j tpisitAk; vdJ nkhop
re;jpf;fpd;wJ.
mLj;J> vdJ Ke;jpa E}yhd ~~Njrpak; vg;nghOJk; vq;Fk;
Kjyhspj;Jtf; Nfhhpf;ifNa xopa> ghl;lhsptHf;ff; Nfhhpf;ifay;y||
vd;w E}y; njhlHghd tpkHrdq;fs; vijAk; ghHf;f Kbatpy;iy.
gyH gjpy; vOJtjhfg; gPw;wpatHfs; gjpyspf;f Kbatpy;iy. khwhf
mtJ}Wfis tha; %yk; gug;gpdH. vdJ ngaH njhlHghd tpkHrdk;
xd;iwr; re;jpj;Njd;;. nkhopapay; hPjpapy; ~w| tpy; njhlq;FtJ
jtwhdJ vd;w tpkHrdk; rhpahdJ.
jkpopy; ,yf;fz mwptw;w Viog; ngw;NwhUk;> vkJ eilKiw
tho;f;ifapYk;> vk;ikawpahJ gad;gLj;Jk; Mapuk; tpyfy;fisr;
rhp nra;a tHf;fg; Gul;rpapD}lhd nkhopg; Gul;rp mtrpakhfpd;wJ.
,ij twl;Lj;jdkhf mZFtJk; jtW. Mdhy; jpUj;jf; $ba
vy;yh epiyapYk; jpUj;jTk; Ntz;Lk;;. ,e;jj; jpUj;jk; nghUis
kWj;jy;y. nghUisr; r%f epiyapy; khw;wp> khw;wj;jpw;Fs;shFk;
r%f epiyapy; kl;LNk nra;aKbAk;.
me;j tifapy; vdJ
ngaiu ~wahfud;| vd;wjpy; ,Ue;J ~,uahfud;| vd;W khw;wpAs;Nsd;.
,e;jg; Gj;jfj;jpy; vLj;Jf; nfhz;l gy;NtW jiyg;Gfspyhd
tplaq; f is kpfr; RUf; f khfNt> Gj; j fj; j pd; RUf; f k; fUjp
nra;Js;Nsd.;; rpy fl;Liufs; kl;Lk; tpjptpyf;fhFk;. ,NjNghy;
Gj;jfj;jpd; RUf;fk; fUjp gy Kf;fpa tplaq;fs; tpLgl;Ls;sJ.
cjhuzkhfj; jhyp fl;LtJ> rlq;Ffs;> rpdpkh ghly;fs;> rpdpkh>
njhiyf;fhl;rp> tpsk;guk;... vdg; gyTk; tpLgl;Ls;sJ. ,itfis
ehk; gpwpNjhH fl; L iuA+lhff; nfhz; L tuNtz; b As; s J.
010
gp. ,uahfud;
gyjuTfisj; njhFg;gjpy;> E}y;fs; ,d;ik> kw;Wk; Neukpd;ikAk;

$l Gj;jfj;jpd; G+uzj; jd;ikia KOikahf;f ,ayhkw; nra;J
tpl;lJ.
vd;Dila r%fg; gq;fspg;gpy; gq;F nfhs;shj epiyapy;>
cjtpatHfisg; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLtJ mtrpakhfp tpLfpd;wJ. ,e;jg;
Gj;jfj;ij vOjpajw;;F mg;ghy;> ,jpy; xj;Jioj;jtHfspd; gq;fspg;G
kjpg;Gf;Fhpajhf cs;sJ. Gyk; ngaHe;j ,Wf;fkhd> ke;jkhd>
#dpakhd> G+HRth tho;f;ifapy; rKjha eyd;fSf;F vjpuhd>
kpfTk; Nkhrkhd [dehaf tpNuhjg;Nghf;F fhzg;gLk; #oypy;>
vOj;Jg; gpioiaj; jpUj;Jtjw;Ff; $l> xj;Jiog;igg; ngWtJ
kpfr; rpukkhd gzpahf ,Ue; j J. ,e; j epiyapy; rhjhuz
tho; f ; i fapy; xj; J ioj; j tHfisAk; > ,e; j E}iyr; rpwg; g hff;
nfhz;Ltu VNjh xUtifapy; gq;fspj;jtHfshfNt fhz;fpd;Nwd;;.
,e;j epiyapy; vdJ G+HRth FLk;gr; #oypy;> eilKiwaw;w
murpay; tho; t py; > Nfhl; g hl; L f; F k; eilKiwf; F k; cs; s
,ilntspia mfw;wp tho;tJ fLikahd Nghuhl;lkhfNt ,Ue;jJ>
,Uf; f pd; w J. r%fg; gq; f spg; i g ciog; g hff; fUjhj FLk; g
cwTfspy;> FLk;gf; flikiaNa ciog;ghff; fUJk; tho;tpy;>
fLikahd Kuz;ghLfs;> Nghuhl;lq;fs;> If;fpaq;fSf;F ClhfNt
,g;Gj;jfj;ij vOj Kbe;jJ. vdJ r%f mf;fiw fhuzkhf> vd;
kidtp jtpHf;f Kbahky; <LgLk; epHg;ge;jj;Jld; $ba tho;f;ifg;
Nghuhl;lj;jpy;> jdpg;gl;l hPjpapy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; gy;NtW tplaq;fs;>
r%f eilKiw tho;tpaypy; kWf;Fk;NghJ> fLikahd Kuz;ghLfs;
ClhfNt vdf;F xj;Jiog;ig ey;fpdhH. ,e;j E}ypy; gad;gLj;jpa
gpnuQ; R g; gj; j phpf; i f rhHe; j juTfis> fOtpj; Jilf; f
njhopyhspahfr; nry;Yk; ,lq;fspy; ,Ue;J> nghWf;fpnaLj;J
nfhz;L te;J jUtjd; %yk;> jdJ tPl;L Ntiyfspy; vd;idtpl
mjpfr; Rikfisr; Rke;Jk;> vdf;F Kuz;ghLfSld;; xj;Jioj;jJ
kl;Lkpd;wp> cjtpfisAk; nra;jhH. vd; rpW Foe;ijfs;> kpf FWfpa
NeuNk je;ij ghrj;ij mDgtpj;jjd; ClhfTk;> jkJ rpW gpuha
md;igj; jpahfk; nra;a Ntz;b epHg;ge;jj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj> ,e;j E}y;
cUthfpd;wJ. r%fj;jpy; kidtp cl;gl Foe;ijfs; XH mq;fk;
vd;w tifapy;> r%fg; gq;fspg;Ng> vdJ FLk;gk; cl;gl r%fj;ij
kPl;nlLf;Fk;. me;j tifapy; ,e;j E}y; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jJ.
midj;jpd;; kPJk; cq;fs; Mf;fG+Htkhd tpkHrdj;ij
vjpHghHf;fpd;Nwd;.
gp.,uahfud;
gp. ,uahfud;
011
Kjy; tHf; f xLf; F Kiw kP J

khHf;rpak;...
ngz; kPjhd Mzpd; mlf;FKiwNa Kjy; tHf;f xLf;FKiw
vd;gij Kjypy; $wpaJ Vq;nfy;];Nr! vy;yh kdpj mlf;FKiwapd;
Kjy; %yk; ,e;j tHf;f mlf;FKiwapy; Njhw;wk; ngw;wJ. ,ij
Kjd; Kjypy; $wpaJk;> ,jw;F vjpuhf Kjypy; NghuhbaJk;>
khHf;rpak; kl;Lk;jhd;. njhlHe;J ,jw;F vjpuhfg; NghuhLk; XH
murpay; nghUshjhu> gz;ghl;L tbtkhf cs;sJk; khHf;rpak;
kl;Lk;jhd;. ngz;zpd; ciog;G> Ntiyg; gphptpidA+lhf Mz;fshy;
#iwahlg;gl;l epiyapy;> me;j tHf;fg; gifia cs;slf;fpa xU
tHf;fg; Nghuhl;lj;ij> Mz; rhHe;J r%fkakhfpAs;s
Mzhjpf;fj;Jf;F vjpuhf elj;jg;glhky; ngz; tpLjiyaila
KbahJ. Mzhjpf;fj;Jf;F vjpuhd tHf;fg; Nghuhl;lk; ngz;zpd;
tpLjiyf;fhd Kd; epge;jidahFk;;.
,e;j Mzhjpf;fk; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikahy; r%fj; jd;ik
ngw;Ws;sJ. ,jdhy; cyF vq;Fk; ,t;nthLf;FKiwfs; xNu
khjphpahditahf> xNu Nehf;fk; nfhz;litahf ntspg;gLfpd;wJ.
,e;j tHf;fg; gifia mikjpahd Kiwapy; fle;Jtpl KbahJ.
mJNghy; ,e; j Mzhjpf; f tHf; f g; gifia Kd; i tf; f hj
Nghuhl;lq;fs; ngz;zpaky;y> khwhf Mzhjpf;fr; rYiffis
Mzhjpf;fr; r%f vy;iyf;Fs; NfhUtJk; ngz;zpaky;y. ,e;j
Mzhjpf; f j; i jAk; > tHf; f g; gifiaAk; Vq; n fy; ] ; vg; g b
khHf;rpaj;ij epWTk; Nghuhl;lj;jpy;> ve;jf; Nfhl;ghLk; Kd;itf;f
Kbahj tuyhw;W Ma;tpD}lhf Kd;itj;jhH vdg; ghHg;Nghk;;.
~~tuyhw;wpy; Njhd;wpa Kjy; tHf;fg; gifik xUjhu kzj;jpy;
MZf;Fk; ngz;Zf;Fk; ,ilapy; gifik tsHtJld;
nghUe;JfpwJ. Kjy; tHf;f xLf;FKiw ngz;ghiy Mz;ghy;
xLf; F fpd; w xLf; F KiwAld; nghUe; J fpd; w J. xUjhu kzk;
kzKiw tuyhw;W hPjpapy; kfj;jhd Kd;Ndw;wkhFk;. Mdhy;
mNjrkaj; j py; > mJ mbikKiwAlDk; jdpr; n rhj; J lDk;
NrHe;jhw;NghyNt ,d;wsTk; ePbf;fpd;w xU Afj;ijj; Jtq;fpaJ.|| 3
012
gp. ,uahfud;
- vd;W Vq;nfy;]; Mzhjpf;fj;jpd; Njhw;wj;ijr; rhpahfNt

khHf;rpar; r%f tpQ;Qhdj;jpy; caphpay; tpjpf;fika ghpzkpg;igf;
Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;bdhH. ngz; xU jhukzj;ijj; njhpT nra;jJk;>
mjpy; mts; ,izkzj; i j Mz; f splk; Nfhhpg; Ngzpa
chpikfisAk;> flikfisAk; gwpj;j Mzhjpf;fk;> ,d;Ws;s xUjhu
kzj;Jf;Fr; rPuope;J NghdJ. ngz; kl;Lk; fhjypg;gtshfTk;> md;G
nrYj;JgtshfTk; xUjhu kzk; rPuope;jNghJ ngz;zpd; Jauk;
kiyasthdjhfpaJ. jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikapd; gpujpepjpahd Mz;>
FLk;gj;jpy; r%fj;jpyhd r%f Mjpf;fj;ijj; jdjhf;fpdhd;. ,e;j
tsHr;rp vd;gJ Mzpd; nghJthd jdpr;nrhj;ij> cyfkakhjypy;
rpyH ifg;gw;wp kw;wtHfis mbikahf;fpdH> mbikahf;Ffpd;wdH.
,e;jg; Nghf;fpy; nrhj;J ,oe;j Mzpd; epiy nrhj;jw;w ngz;zpd;
mbik epiyapy; ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> rKjhag; gbepiy mikg;gpd;
Nghf;fhy;> Mzhjpf;fr; r%fg; gz;ghL ngz;iz mbkl;l epiyf;Fs;
epiyg;gLj;jp> ,Uj;jp itj;Js;sJ.
Mzhjpf;fj;Jf;F Kd; ngz; ngw;wpUe;j caHe;j kjpg;Gf;fhd
fhuzq; f s; > jdpr; n rhj; J hpikapd; gpd; d hy; Nftyg; g Lj; j g; g l; L
mbikahf;fg;gl;lhs;. ,ij Vq;nfy;]; ~~jhAhpik J}f;fpnawpag;
gl;lJ.. ,J ngz;zpdk; cyf tuyhw;W hPjpapy; ngw;w Njhy;tp
MFk;. Mz; tPl;bYk; Ml;rpapd; fbthsj;ijf; ifg;gw;wpdhd;. ngz;
,opepiyf; F j; js; s g; g l; l hs; > mbikg; g Lj; j g; g l; l hs; ; Mzpd;
clypd; g Ntl; i ff; F f; fUtpahdhs; . Nftyk; Foe; i jfisg;
ngWfpd;w rhjdkhf Mfp tpl;lhs;. ,J ngz;zpd; epiyiaf; fPo;
,wf;fptpl;lJ||3 vd Mzhjpf;fj;ij mjd; xl;L nkhj;j tbtpy;
kpfj; njspthf tiuaWj;jhH.
khHf;rpak; ngz;zpaj;ij Muhatpy;iy vd;W Vq;nfy;];
kPJk;> khHf;]; kPJk; Fw;wk;rhl;Ltjd; gpd;dhy; cs;s eyd;> ,e;jr;
rKjhaj;Jf;Fs; ngz;fs; Mzhjpf;fj;ij milAk; Nghuhl;lj;jpy;
vOk; Mzhjpf;f vjpH fz;Nzhl;lj;ijj;jhd; gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ.
Mzhjpf;fj;ij mjd; Kjy; tHf;f xLf;FKiwahd ngz;zbikj;
jdj;jpy; njhlq;fpa tpsf;fNk ,J. ,e;j tifapy; khHf;rpa
Mrhd;fs; tpsf;fpa ,e;j vLNfhisj; jhz;b ve;jg; ngz;zpaKk;
Gjpjhf vijAk; tpsf;fptpltpy;iy. khwhf ,jpy; xd;iw mjpfkhf
my;yJ xd;iw kWj;Jk;jhd; vy;yh khHf;rpaky;yhj ngz;zpaKk;
Ngrg;gLfpd;wJ. mjhtJ tpLjiyf;fhd Gul;rpg; Nghuhl;lk; ,d;wp>
,e;jr; Ruz;ly; mikg;gpy; MZf;F epfuhfr; rYif NfhUtij
Kjd;ikg;gLj;jpNa ngz;zpd; tpLjiyf; Nfh\q;fs;
vOg;gg;gLfpd;wd.
gp. ,uahfud;
013
khHf;rpak; ,e;jr; Ruz;ly; mikg;igj; jfHf;ff; NfhUtijAk;>

mjd; mbg;gilapy; ngz;zpd; tpLjiyiaf; NfhUtijAk; kWj;j
gphpTfs; jhk;> khHf;rpak; ngz;zpaj;ijr; rhpahd Kiwapy; mZf
tpy;iy vd;w Nfh\k; NghLfpd;wd. ,J ,d;W kl;Lk;
vOe;jitapy;iy. khwhf khHf;rpak; jdJ tHf;fg; Nghuhl;lj;ijj;
njhlq;fpa NghNj ,JTk; njhlq;fptpl;lJ.
fp.gp. 1857 ,y; khHr; 8-Mk; jpfjp mnkhpf;fhtpy; Glit
njhopw; r hiyg; ngz; f s; 10 kzp Neu Ntiyf; Fiwg; i gAk; >
Mz;fSf;Fr; rkkhd rk;gsj;ijAk; Nfhhpa ehisNa 1910 ,y;
nld;khh;f;fpy; $ba ,uz;lhtJ Nrhryprg; ngz;fs; kfhehl;by;
fpshuh n[l;fpd; nfhz;L te;j jPHkhdj;jpd;gb> fp.gp. 1911-Mk;
Mz;L Kjy; khHr; 8 ngz;fs; Nghuhl;lj; jpdkhf vOr;rp ngw;wJ.
Kjd; Kjypy; n[Hkd;> M];jphpah> RtPld;> nld;khHf; Mfpa
ehLfspy; nfhz; l hlg; g l; l J. (juTfs; - 11.3.1999) 4 khHr; 8-Mk;
jpfjpiag; ngz;fs; jpdkhf mwptpj;J> ngz;zpdj;jpDila tHf;fg;
Nghuhl;lj;jpYk; Nghuhba fpshuh n[l;fpd; ,ij vg;gb mZfpdhH
vdg; ghHg;Nghk;;.
~~kfspH midtUf;Fk; nghJthdJ vd;W nrhy;yf; $ba
kfspH ,af;fk; vJTk; fpilahJ.||5 Vnddpd; tHf;fq;fshfg; gpsT
gl; b Uf; F k; rKjhaj; j py; ~~Kjyhspj; J t kfspH ,af; f Kk; >
ciof;Fk; tHf;f kfspH ,af;fKk; kl;LNk cs;sd.
mtw;wpw;fpilapy; cs;s nghJthd mk;rk; r%f [dehafj;jpw;Fk;
Kjyhspj; J tr; rKjhaj; j pw; F k; ,ilapy; epyTk; nghJthd
mk;rj;ijtpl mjpfkhf xd;Wk; ,y;iy.||5
ngz;zpaj;jpd; ,U Nghf;Ffs; tuyhW vq;Fk; ,Ue;Js;sJ.
,jpy; Kjyhspj; J tg; ngz; z paj; j pd; midj; J [dehaff;
Nfhhpf; i fiaAk; khHf; r paj; j pd; caHe; j gl; r ngz; z paf;
Nfhhpf;iff;Fs; xU rpW JUk;ghf ,Ue;jJ. mj;Jld;> khHf;rpag;
ngz;zpaj;jpd; caHe;jgl;r tHf;fg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; cs;s [dehaff;
Nfhhpf; i ffis muR rYifahf toq; f p> Kjyhspj; J tg;
ngz; z pathjpfis tHf; f g; Nghuhl; l j; j py; <LgLk; ciof; F k;
ngz;fSf;F vjpuhf epWj;jpaJ. thf;Fhpikg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; caH
ngz; f Sf; F k; > nts; i s kf; f Sf; F k; > caH tHf; f j; J f; F k;
(nghUshjhu hPjpahf)> Mjpf;fr; rhjpfSf;Fk;> MSk; ,dq;fSf;Fk;
thf;Fhpikiaf; Nfhhpa Kjyhspj;Jtg; ngz;zpaj;ij (,jpy; NtW
r%f ,af; f q; f Sk; ,Ue; j d) vjpHj; J > khHf; r pak; midj; J
kf;fSf;Fk; thf;Fhpikiaf; NfhhpaJ. mNjhL ,e;j thf;Fhpik
[dehafk; vd;gJ Kjyhspj;Jt tHf;fk; Ruz;bf; nfhOf;Fk;
014
gp. ,uahfud;
[dehafj;ij mq;fPfhpg;gijAk;> kf;fis ,jw;$lhf Vkhw;wp Nkhrb

nra; A k; xUtbtk; vd; g ijAk; ,izj; J mk; g yg; g Lj; j pNa
NghuhbaJ.
,e;j tifapy; rHtNjrg; ghl;lhsptHf;fk; jdJ nrhe;jg;
Nguhaj;jpy; vg;gb vjpH nfhz;lJ vdg; ghHg;Nghk;. ~~ngz;fs;
thf;Fhpikg; gpur;rid Fwpj;J Nguhaj;jpy; fUj;J Ntw;Wikfs;
mNdfkhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ngz;fSf;F tuk;Gf;Fl;gl;l thf;Fhpikf;F
(midtUf;Fkhd thf;Fhpikf;Fg; gjpyhfj; jFjp tuk;gplg;gl;l
thf; F hpikf; F ) Mjuthf Nrh\yp]; L fs; Nghuhl; l k; elj; j
Ntz;Lnkd;W jPtpur; re;jHg;gthj epWtdkhd gphpl;b\; /Nggpad;
fofj;jpypUe;J te;j ngz; gpujpepjp xUtH kl;Lk;jhd; thjhl
Kad;whH. ahUk; ,tiu Mjhpf;ftpy;iy. ,tUila Nehf;fq;fs;
gl; l tHj; j khdit. gphpl; b \; Kjyhsp tHf; f r; rP k hl; b fs;
gphpl;ldpYs;s ngz; ghl;lhspfSf;Fk; fpilf;Fk;gb thf;Fhpik
tphpthfp tplhky; jhk; kl;Lk; thf;Fhpik ngw epidf;fpwhHfs;.||6
tuyhw; w py; cldbahd eyd; f s; kw; W k; re; j Hg; g thjf;
Nfhhpf;iffis khHf;rpak; tpkHrdf; fz;nfhz;L mZfpaJ. mjhtJ
[dehaff; Nfhhpf;ifiaAk;> cldbf; Nfhhpf;ifapd; gpd;dhy; ,Ue;j
re; j Hg; g thjj; i jAk; NtWgLj; j p mk; g yg; g Lj; j paJ. [dehaff;
Nfhhpf;ifia Mjhpf;Fk;NghJ mjd; tHf;fg; gpsitAk; Nfhbl;Lf;
fhl;baJ. midj;J [dehaff; Nfhhpf;ifapYk; ghl;lhsp tHf;f
eyd; f spy; ,Ue; J mZfpaJ. ghl; l hsp tHf; f k; Kuzw; w
[dehafj;ij> [dehaff; Nfhhpf;ifapy; Kd;dpWj;jpaJ. ,ij
kWj;J> vjpHj;j gphpTfs; ghl;lhsp tHf;fj;Jf;F ,g;gpur;rid kPJ
mf;fiwapy;iy vd;W Fw;wk;rhl;bajd; %yk;> jkJ re;jh;g;gthjf;
Nfhhpf;iffisg; G+rp nkOfp ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;s Kad;wd.
Vfhjpgj;jpa Kjyhk; cyfAj;jj;ijr; rHtNjrg; ngz;fs;
mikg; G kiwKfkhf Mjhpj; j NghJ nydpd; mij vjpHj; J
NghuhbdhH. ~~fp.gp. 1915 khHr;rpy; xU rHtNjrg; ngz;fs; khehL
Nftykhd mikjpthjj; jP Hkhdj;ij epiwNtw;wpaJ. ];jhgd
mikg;Gf;fkpl;b mj;jPHkhdj;ijf; FUl;Lj;jdkhfg; gpd;gw;wpaJ.
fp.gp. 1915 nrg;nlk;ghpy; ehk; mfpyj;jpd; nkhj;j ,lJrhhp mzpiaAk;
jpul;bNdhk;; ek;Kila nray;je;jpuj;ij Kd; itj;Njhk;...||6 ghl;lhsp
tHf;fj;jpd; ifiaf; fl;bg;Nghl mikjpiaf; Nfhhpajd; %yk;>
Aj;jj;jf;F Mjuthfr; rHtNjrg; ngz;zpaNk khwpaNghJ khh;f;rpak;
mij mk;gyg; gLj;jpaJ. khHf;rpa tHf;fg; Nghuhl;lg; ghijiag;
gpur;rhuk; nra;j rHtNjrg; ngz;zpaj;jpd; Kf;fpa jiytp fpshuh
n[l;fpd; n[Hkd; rpiwfspy; milf;fg;gl;lhH. ,jD}lhfg; ghl;lhsp
015
gp. ,uahfud;
tHf;fg; Gul;rpf;F nydpd; top fhl;bdhH. fp.gp. 1917 ,y; ghl;lhsp

tHf; f k; jhd; Ml; r pf; F tUk; Kd; N g ngz; f spd; cldbg;
gpur;ridfSf;F mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;jJ.
nydpdhy; fp.gp. 1917 Vg;uy; - Nkapy; vOjpa ~~fl;rp Ntiyj;
jpl;lj;jpy; khw;wq;fSf;fhd %yj; jfty;fs;|| vd;w gpuRuj;jpy;
ngz;fs; njhlHghff; Fwpg;gpl;lg; gFjpfisg; ghHg;Nghk;.
~~7.r%f v];Nll;Lfs; xopf;fg;gLjy;; ghy;> rkak;> ,dk;>
Njrpa ,dk; vd;w tpj;jpahrkpy;yhky; vy;yh gpui[fSf;Fk; rk
chpikfs;. 14.nghJthd Ntiy tha;g;G> fy;tp gjpdhW taJ
tiu vy;yh Mz;> ngz; Foe;ijfSf;Fk; ,ytrk;. fl;lhak;
Viof; Foe;ijfSf;F ,ytr czTk;> cilAk; gs;spfshy; murpd;
nrytpy; toq;fg;gLk;;. 16.1.1.....cztpw;fhff; nfhLf;fg;gLk; xUkzp
Neuj; i jAk; NrHj; J > 8 kzpNeu Ntiy ehs; ; . mghafukhd>
MNuhf;fpakw;w njhopy;fspy; Ntiy Neuk; 4 kzp Kjy; 6 kzp
tiuahff; Fiwf; f g; g Lk; . 16.1.2. ...Cjpak; n gWk; Mz; > ngz;
njhopyhsHfSf;Fk; thuj;jpw;F xUKiw njhlHe;J 42 kzp Neuf;
fl;lha Xa;T. 16.6. ngz;fspd; MNuhf;fpaj;jpw;F CWtpistpf;Fk;
njhopy;fspy; ngz; njhopyhsHfs; Ntiyf;F mkHj;jg;gLtjw;Fj;
jil. Foe;ijg; Ngw;Wf;F ehd;F thuq;fs; Kd;Gk; MW thuq;fs;
gpd;Gk; rk;gs e\;lk; vJTkpy;yhky; ngz;fSf;Fr; rk;gsj;Jld;
tpLKiw mspf;f Ntz;Lk;. 16.7.iff;Foe;ijfSf;Fk;>
,sQ;rpWtHfSf;Fk; Nra; guhkhpg;G epiyaq;fs; ngz;fs; Ntiy
nra;Ak; epWtdq;fspy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;;. jha;g; ghy; nfhLf;Fk;
jha;khHfSf;F %d;W kzpf;F xU jlit miu kzp Neuk; Xa;T
nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.||7
ngz;fspd; chpik njhlHghf nydpd; Nrhtpaj; fk;A+dp];l;
fl;rpapd; Gul;rpf;fhd cldb Ntiyj; jpl;lj;jpy; ngz;fs; gw;wpa
ruj;Jfis ,g;gb tiuaWj;jhH. cyfpy; ve;j ehl;bYk; ,J Nghd;w
jpl;lk; md;Wk; rhp ,d;Wk; rhp KOikapy; ,Ue;jjpy;iy. Gul;rpf;Fg;
gpd; d hy; ,J cldbahfNt rl; l khf; f g; g l; l Jld; ngz; f spd;
gpur;rid tpNrlkhfTk;> njhlHr;rpahfTk; ifahsg;gl;lJ. Gul;rp
muirf; ifg;gw;WtNjhL Kbe;JtpLtjpy;iy. ,J muh[fthjj;jpd;
ntw; W Nfh\khFk; . Gul; r p njhlug; g Ltjpy; jhd; ngz;
tpLjiyaila KbAk; vd;whh; nydpd;. epue;jug; Gul;rp Nghd;w
,lJ jPtputhjk; muh[fj;Jf;Fr; rkhe;jukhf ,ij kWf;fpd;wJ.
jPHf;fkhd khHf;rpa topfhl;ly;fs; tuyhw;wpy; muh[fk;> jphpGthjk;
kw;Wk; vy;yh jsj;jpYk; Mzhjpf;fj;Jf;F vjpuhd Nghuhl;lj;ijj;
njhlHtjw;fhd tHf;fg; Nghuhl;lj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ.
016
gp. ,uahfud;
,ij mq; f P f hpf; f kWf; F k; Kjyhspj; J tg; ngz; z par;

re;jHg;gthjj;jpd; [dehaff; Nfhhpf;ifiatpl mjpfkhf khHf;rpag;
ngz;zpak; Kd; epWj;jp NghuhbaJld;> Mzhjpf;fj;ijg; Gul;rpapd;
Clhf xopj;Jf; fl;lg; NghuhbaJ. ,e;jg; Gul;rpia khHf;rpak;
my;yhj ve;jg; ngz;zpaKk; NfhhpaJk; ,y;iy> Kd; itj;jJk;
,y;iy.
ngz;izr; r%f ciog;gpy;; ,Ue;J Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;l Nghf;F
(ngz; z pd; ciog; G %yjdj; J f; N fAhpa cghp ngWkhdj; i j
,oe;jJ) vd;gJ> ngz;izr; r%f tho;f;ifapy; ,Ue;J gbg;gbahf
mfw;wpajpy; ntw;wp fz;lJ. ngz;izr; r%f ciog;gpy; ,Ue;J
mfw;wpa r%fk; ngz;izg; gps;is ngWk; $yp ,ae;jpukhf> Mzpd;
ghypay; Njitiag; G+Hj;jp nra;Ak; ,ae;jpug; nghk;ikahf> MZf;Fr;
Nrit nra;Ak; mbikahff; Nftyg;gLj;jpaJ vd;gJ> ngz;zpd;
tuyhw; W j; Njhy; t pAld; $ba mbikj; j dkhFk; ; . ,ijnahl; b
Vq;nfy;]; ~~tPl;L epHthfk; jdJ nghJj; jd;ikia ,oe;jJ. mJ
r%fj;jpd; mf;fiwiag; ngw;w tptfhukhf ,dpNkYk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy.
mJ jdpg; g l; l Nrit Mfp tpl; l J. kidtp Kjy; tP l ; L
Ntiyf;fhhpahf khwpdhs;. mts; r%f cw;gj;jpapypUe;J ntspNa
js;sg;gl;lhs;||3 vd;whH.
,ij nydpd; ~~tPl;L Ntiy ngz;iz eRf;Ffpd;wJ; fOj;ij
nehpf; f pwJ; tsHr; r piaj; jLf; f pwJ; kjpg; g pof; f r; nra; f pwJ.
rikay; f l; L > Foe; i jg; guhkhpg; G Mfpatw; N whL rq; f pypahy;
gpizf;fg;gl;l ngz;fSila Ntiyapd; jd;ik fhl;Lkpuhz;bj;
jdkhdJ; tpis gadw;wJ; mw;gj; jd;ikahdJ; kd cisr;riyj;
jUtJ; NrhHtilar; nra;tJ>||8 vd;W kpfj; Jy;ypakhfNt ngz;zpd;
mbikj;jdj;ijf; Fwpg;gpl;lhH.
tPl;Lf; flik vd;gJ r%ff; flikahf ,Ue;jJld; mJ
kjpg;Gf;Fhpajhf ,Ue;jJ. jdpr; nrhj;Jhpik cghpia mbg;gilahff;
nfhs;sj; njhlq;fpa epiyapy;> ngz;zpd; tPl;L ciog;G cghpia
cw;gj;jp nra;atpy;iy. Mzpd; ciog;Gf;Fr; r%fg; ngWkhdj;ij
cghpapd; Clhfg; ngw;wNghJ> ngz;zpd; ciog;G me;j cghpapd;
Kd; r%fg; ngWkhdj;ij ,oe;jJ. ,e;j epiyapy; tPl;L NtiyAk;>
tPl;L epHthfKk; r%fj; jd;ikia ,oe;jJ. ,jdhy; ngz;zpd;
r%fj; jFjp NkYk; fPo; ,wq;fpaJ. ngz; Ntiyf;fhhpahdhs;.
cghpia cw;gj;jp nra;ahj ngz;zpd; tPl;L ciog;G> cghpia
cw;gj;jp nra;j Mzpd; ciog;Gf;F Kd; juk; jho;e;J r%fj;jpd;
,opepiy jFjpahdJ. MfNt FLk;gj;jpy; ngz;zpd; ghj;jpuk;
gp. ,uahfud;
017
kidiaf; (tPl;ilf;) Fwpf;Fk; ngauhy; kidtpahdhs;;. fztd;

fzq;fspd; jiytd; vd;gjpy; ,Ue;J fztd; Mdhd;. Mz;
r%fj;jpd; jiytd; Mdhd;. ngz; tPl;bd; Ntiyf;fhhp Mdhs;.
,e;j kdpj tuyhW 3000 Mz;LfSf;F Nkyhf khwpte;j gy
rKjhaj; njhlH khw;wj;jpYk;> ngz;Zf;F ntt;NtW ghj;jpuq;fis
toq;fpajd; %yk; ,it njhlHtJ ePbf;fpd;wJ. ,jw;F vjpuhd
Nghuhl;lj;jpy; r%fj;ijj; jiyfPohf;fpLk; Gul;rp nra;tjd; ClhfNt
,jpy; ,Ue;J kPsKbAk;. ,Ue;j NghJk; gy ngz;zpiythjpfs;
,r;r%fj;Jf;Fs;>
[dehaf
vy;iyf;Fs;
epd;wgb
Mzhjpf;fkakhjiyf; NfhUtjhy;> Rj;jpr; Rj;jp ngz;zpd; epiy
tbtj;jhy; kl;Lk; vjph;g;gJk;> gz;gpay; hPjpapy; ,lk;khWtJk;
epfo;fpd;wJ.
ngz;zpd; mbikj;jdj;ijAk;> Mzhjpf;fj;ijAk; khHf;];
~~etPd fhyf; FLk;gk; mbik Kiwia kl;Lkpd;wp gz;izabik
KiwiaAk; fU mstpy; jdf;Fs; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. Vndd;why;
mJ Muk;gj;jpypUe;J fl;lha tptrha NtiyfSld;
rk;ge;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. rKjhaj;jpw;Fs;Sk; mjd; murpw;Fs;Sk; gpd;dhy;
tphpthd mstpy; tsHr;rpailag; Nghfpd;w vy;yh Kuz;ghLfisAk;
mJ jdf;Fs; FWtbtj;jpy; itj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ||3 vd;whH.
fle;j rKjhaj;jpd; mbik Kiwfspy; ,Ue;J khwpte;j
nghUshjhug; gz;ghl;Lf; fyhr;rhuj;Jf;F Vw;g murpaypYk;> r%f
tbtj;jpYk; [dehafj;jpd; gz;gpaypy; Vw;gl;l khw;wq;fs; gioa
tbtj; j pd; njhlHr; r pahf ,Ogl; l J. ngz; z pd; epiyAk; rhp>
rKjhaj;jpd; vy;yhj;JiwapYk; eilngw;w midj;J khw;wq;fSk;
rhp> jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikf;Fs;shd vy;iyf;Fs; jhd; khwpaJ. ,J
kdpjdpd; midj; J g; Gul; r pfSk; tpjptpyf; f pd; w p eP b j; j jhy; >
ngz;zpd; epiyia khw;wptpltpy;iy. jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikf;F vjpuhf
ele;j kw;Wk; ,e;j E}w;whz;bd; Gul;rpfs;jhd; ngz;zpd; epiyapy;
khw;wj;ijj; jPtpukhf;fpaJ. jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikf;F vjpuhd Gul;rp
njhlHe;j epiyapy; ngz;zpd; epiy gbg;gbahf caHe;jJ.
tuyhw;wpy; ngz; jdJ mbikj;jdj;jpy; ,Ue;J khwpa
Nghuhl;lj;jpy;> xl;Lnkhj;j rKjhaj;jpd; kPjhd gy fyhr;rhug;
Gul;rpfs; jhd; ngz; kPjhd gz;ghl;L> fyhr;rhu> nghUshjhu
xLf;FKiwapd; xl;L nkhj;j tbtpy; tpLtpg;gij tuyhW ekf;Ff;
fhl;baJ. cyfpy; jdpAilikf;F vjpuhf ele;j Gul;rpfs; ngz;zpd;
kPjhd gy mlf;FKiwfisj; jfHj;jJ. ,e;jg; Gul;rpfs; cyfk;
KOf; f ngz; z pd; Nghuhl; l j; i jj; jP t pukhf; f p> ngz; f s;
018
gp. ,uahfud;
njhlHr;rpahfg; gy mlf;FKiwfis ,e;j Mzhjpf;fr; r%fj;jpy;

nehWf;fpdH. jdp cilik Mzhjpf;fj;Jf;F vjpuhf ele;j Gul;rpfs;
kPJ vt;tsTf;Fr; NrW tPrpa NghJk;> mit kWf;f KbahjthW
ngz; tpLjiyapd; tuyhwhf vk;Kd; cs;sJ.
etP d FLk; g k; gw; w p Vq; n fy; ] ; ~~,yf; f zj; j py; ,uz; L
vjpHkiwfs; cld; g l; L g; nghUs; Mtijg; Nghy> jpUkz
xOf;fq;fspy; ,uz;L tpgr;rhuq;fs; xU ed;dlj;ij Mfpd;wd.||3
,Ue;J te;j> ,Uf;fpd;w> ePbf;fpd;w FLk;gq;fs; cz;ikapy;
,uz;L cs;sq;fspd; Gwepiy rhuhj ,ay;ghd ,izTfs; my;y.
khwhfj; jdpAilik rKjha vy; i yf; F s; > mjd; VNjh xU
fhuzj;jhy; xd;whf ,ize;jit my;yJ ,izf;fg;gl;litNa.
,uz;L NgUf;F ,ilapy; Vw;gl;l ,izT mJ fhjyhf ,Ue;jhYk;
rhp> NtW tpjkhf ,Ue;jhYk; rhp> Vq;nfy;]; $w;W Nghy; vjpHkiwapd;
tpgr;rhukhfNt cs;sJ. Vd;? jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikapd; tpjp vd;gJ
,UtUf; F k; ,ilapy; epge; j idfisf; NfhUfpd; w J. Kuzw; w
[dehafj;ij kWf;fpd;wJ. mJ nrhj;J> moF> fy;tp> rhjp> tHf;fk;>
epwk; vd gy jsj;jpy; vy;iyg;gLj;jp ,izthfpd;w NghJk;> gpd;dhy;
,izTfspYk; ,it Mokhfr; nrayhw;Wfpd;wJ.
Mz; ngz;iz mbikahf ,dq;fhz;gJk;> ngz; mbikahf
czHtJk; ,jd; Nghf;fpy; gz;ghl;L> fyhr;rhu> nghUshjhu topfspy;
,iztpy; gpsTfisf; NfhUfpd;wJ ghypay; EfHTfs;. NtWgl;l
r%fj; jsj; j py; EfHthfNth my; y J Mzpd; Njit G+Hj; j p
nra;fpd;wNghNjh ,J ghypaypd; ,ay;ghd ,izg;ig
Kd; e pWj; j tpy; i y. vk; rKjhaj; j py; fhjypYk; rhp> ngw; N whH
epr;rapj;j jpUkzj;jpYk; rhp ngz;zpd; mr;rj;Jldhd mZFk;
Nghf;F fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ngz;zpd; Kd;Kaw;rpAld; $ba ghypay;
ehl;lk;> mr;RWj;Jk; tifapy; fw;G ,oe;jtshff; fhl;l NghJkhd
gz;ghlhf cs;sJ. ghypay; gw;wpa gPjpAk; ,ay;ghd ghypay;
GzHr;rpiaj; jLf;fpd;wJ.
jpUkzj;Jf;F Kd;dhd cwtpy; vt;tsT jhd; fhjyuhf
,Ue;jhYk;> ngz; rl;lg;gbahd (gjpTr;rl;l mq;fPfhuk;> ngw;Nwhhpd;
mq;fPfhuk;> Nfhapy; mq;fPfhuk;> r%f mq;fPfhuk;... Nghd;wd) jpUkzg;
ghJfhg;gpd; gpd;Ng ghypay; GzHr;rpia ehLk; msTf;F Mz;
kPjhd ek;gpf;ifiag; ngz; ,oe;J tpl;lhs;. jdJ fw;G kPjhd
#iwahliyf; fhjypf;Fk; MNz fw;gopj;J J}w;WjYf;Fs;shf;Fk;
(,q;F tpUg;gj;Jld;) Mzhjpf;fr; rKjhaj;jpy; iftpl;LtpLthd;
vd; w gP j pf; F s; > ngz; f s; rpf; f pAs; s msTf; F Mzpd; EfHT
gp. ,uahfud;
019
Ntl;ifAk;> NkhrbAk; Kd; vg;NghJk; ,y;yhj tifapy; rKjhak;

rPuope;Js;sJ.
,J ngz;zpd; xUjhu kzj; njhpitj; jw;fhg;gpypUe;J
NkhrbA+lhf mopj;Jr; rpijf;fpd;wJ. ,ijg; ngz;fs; md;W xUjhu
kzj; njhpitj; NjHe;jJ Nghy;> njspthfNt ngz; Ghpe;J mjd;
jw;fhg;gpy; mr;rj;Jld; fhjypf;fpd;whs;. ,Nj Neuk; Nkw;fpy; EfHtJk;>
J}f;fp vwptJk; vd;w Mzhjpf;fkakhfpa mopTj; jd;ik ghypaypy;
GiuNahbg; NghAs;sJ. jw;fhg;igf; iftpl;Lr; nry;Yk; Nkw;Fg;
ngz;> jdJ nghUshjhur; nrhe;jr; #iwahlYf;F ,irthfg;
ghypaiy tpgr;rhu epiyf;Fj; juk;jho;j;jpAs;shs;.
nghUshjhuj;jpy; Rje;jpuk; vd;why; Vfhjpgj;jpar;
#iwahliyAk;> ngz; Rje;jpuk; mile;J tpl;lhs; vd;why; MZf;Fr;
Nrhuk; NghjiyAk;> ghypay; Rje;jpuk; vd;why; tpgr;rhuj;ijAk;
jhz;b cyfk; cUshJ. mg;gb cUSk; vd;why; Vfhjpgj;jpa
vLgpbfspd; Rje;jpuj;ijNa ghJfhj;J epw;Fk; tpgr;rhuj;ijAk;
Fwpj;Jr; nrhy;Yfpd;wJ. me;jsTf;Fr; rKjhaj;jpy; Rje;jpuk; gw;wp>
[dehafk; gw;wpa tpsf;fq;fs; rPuope;J Ngha;tpl;ld. ngz; fl;lw;w
ghpG+uzkhd Rje;jpuk; mile;J tpl;lhs; my;yJ J}a [dehafj;ijf;
nfhz;L cs;shs; vd;W $Wk;NghJ cz;ikapy;> Mzhjpf;fj;jpd;
ghpG+uzkhd fl;lw;w mbikj;jdj;ijAk;> xLf;FKiwf;Fk; cl;gl;l
elj;ijfis> nray;fisj;jhd; Rje;jpukhfTk;> [dehafkhfTk;
ntspg; g Lj; J fpd; w dH. Kjyhspj; J t tpisTfisAk; > mjd;
vr;rq;fisAk;jhd;> Rje;jpuj;jpYk; [dehafj;jpYk; tpisthf;fp;>
mijr; rKjhaj;jpd; nghJ tbtkhff; fhl;b epahag;gLj;Jfpd;wdH.
Mjp nghJTilik rKjhaj;jpy; tiuKiwaw;w GzHr;rp
epytpaNghJ mq;F kdpjHfSf;fpilapyhd cwTKiw vd;gJ
,Uf;ftpy;iy. jha; gps;is cwT kl;LNkjhd; mq;fPfhuk; ngw;w
xU njhlHG tbtkhf ,Ue;jJ. ,jdhy; tiuKiwaw;w GzHr;rp
,ay;ghdjhfTk; ,aw;ifahdjhfTk; ,Ue;jJ. ,uj;j cwTfs;
Njhd;w mitf;Fs; fz;bg;ghd flikfSk;> tiuKiwfSk; cUthd
NghJ> gbg;gbahfg; GzHr;rpapy; jilfs; cUthapd. ,J FLk;g
mikg;igj; njhlq;fp itj;jJ. cwTf;Fs; (,uj;j cwTfs;) jil
nra; a g; g l; l cwTKiw rpy ,dj; j py; rpy tpjptpyf; F fisf;
nfhz;bUe;jJ.
,d;W cyfkakhjyhy; rpyhpd; nrhj;Jhpikf; Ftpg;ghy;>
rKjhaj; j pd; nrhj; j pog; G jP t pukhfpAs; s J. EfHNt kdpjdpd;
mbg; g ilahdJk; gz; g hL - flikahfTk; khwpajhy; kdpj
020
gp. ,uahfud;
cwTKiwfs; rpijaj; njhlq;fpAs;sd. nrhj;jpoe;j tHf;fj;jpd;

EfHT> ,ay; g hfr; rKjhaj; j pd; cwTKiwfisf; iftpl; L r;
nry;Yfpd;wJ. cwTKiw Mjpapy; mbg;gilahdJk; rKjhaf;
$l; b d; vy; i yahfTk; ,Ue; j J. ,J Mjpg; nghJTilik
rKjhaj;jpy; nghJg; nghUshjhuj;ijf; fl;likg;gjpYk;> gpd;dhy;
jdpAilik rKjhaj;jpy; jdpr;nrhj;Jilikiag; ghJfhg;gjpYk;
jd;id xOq;fikj;jJ.
Mdhy; ,d;W gue;j tphpe;j jsj;jpy; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpik
jfHtjhy; cwTKiwr; rpijT jtpHf;f Kbahky;> GzHr;rpapy;
tiuKiwaw;w jd;ikia Kd;dpWj;Jfpd;wJ. ,J cwTKiwiaf;
fle;j GzHr;rpia> EfHTf; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; cwTKiw fle;J
NfhUfpd;wJ. rKjha tsHr;rpapy; ,uj;j cwTf;F ,Ue;j jilfs;
,d;W kPwg;gLk;NghJ (,q;F rpy rKjhaj;jpy; nrhj;Jhpikapd;
ghJfhg;G rhHe;J rpy tpyf;Ffs; ,Ue;jd) mit EfHtpd; gz;ghl;by;
fhl;Lkpuhz;bj;jdkhd kdpjf;Nfl;ilf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. jha;> je;ij>
kfs;> kfd;> ghl;b ghl;ld;> Ngud;> Ngj;jp .. vd;W tiuKiw fle;j
ghypay; cwit Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; my;yJ NfhUfpd;w my;yJ
eilKiwg; g Lj; J fpd; w tbtq; f s; cyfkakhjypy; jdpkdpjr;
Rje;jpukhf> EfHtpd; RNal;irahfg; GzHfpd;w NghJ> $l;L kdpj
,af;fj;ij kWj;j jdpkdpjf; fz;Nzhl;lj;ijf; nfhz;l rpijitf;
fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
,itfis kdpjHfSf;fpilapy; tpyf;fpaNghJ rKjha eyd;
kw;Wk; $l;Lf; fz;Nzhl;lk;> caHe;jgl;r Nehf;fpy; ,Ue;Nj tsHr;rp
ngw; w J. tiuKiwaw; w GzHr; r papd; fhl; L kpuhz; b j; j dj; i jf;
iftpLtij mJ gpujpgypj;jJ. ghl;lhsp tHf;fk; ,jw;F vjpuhfg;
NghuhlNtz;ba epiyapy; cs;sJ. tiuKiwaw;w GzHr;rpia ,uj;j
cwT fle;J NfhUtJ vd;gJ> mbg;gilapy; nrhe;jj; jhAld;
kfd; Gzuf; NfhUk; chpik> kdpj tsHr;rpapy; tpfhukhfpg;Nghd>
tPq;fp ntk;gpa fPo;epiyf; fl;lkhFk;.
,ij ,uz;L tifapy; ghl;lhsp th;f;ff; fz;Nzhl;lk; vjpHj;J
epw;fpd;wJ. tiuKiwaw;w GzHr;rp cyfkakhjypd;
Nfhhpf; i fahfpd; w NghJ mJ tpgr; r hukhf ,Uf; f pd; w J. ,uj; j
cwitf; fle;J GzHr;rpiaf; NfhUfpd;wNghJ $l;L kdpjeyid
EfHTf;Fs; jho;j;Jfpd;wJ. ghl;lhsp tHf;fk; rKjhaj;jpd; ,uj;j
cwTKiwia kWf;fpd;wNghJ rKjhaj;jpd; caHe;jgl;r $l;ilf;
NfhUfpd; w J. ,uj; j cwTf; F s; s hd GzHr; r pf; F vjpuhd
fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; NkYk; murpay; kag;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. GzHr;rpia
gp. ,uahfud;
021
tphpe;j gug;gpy; Kd;epWj;Jk; NghJ mJ FWfpa jdJ vy;iyf;Fs;

jq;fp epw;gij kWf;fpd;wJ. GzHr;rpapy; tiuKiwaw;w tpgr;rhuj;ij
vjpHf;Fk;NghJ mjd; tpgr;rhuj;ij mk;gyg;gLj;jp> Mz; ngz;zpd;
Rakhd RNal;irahd ,izitr; RaepHzaf; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy;
NfhUfpd; w J. xUjhu kzj; J f; F k; mNjNeuk; tiuKiwaw; w
GzHr;rpf;Fk; vjpuhfj; jd;id murpay;gLj;Jfpd;wJ> NghuhLfpd;wJ.
,NjNeuk; ,d;W ghl;lhsp tHf;ff; FLk;gj;jpy; nrhj;Jhpik
tbtpyhd thhpRhpikf; FLk;gk; jfHe;Js;s epiy vd;gJ> FLk;gj;jpd;
,ay; g hd ,izg; G f; F k; > fhjYf; F k; mbg; g ilahfpd; w J. ,j;
jpUkzq;fs; ,uz;L egHfs; mjhtJ Mz; - ngz; jhkhfr; NrHe;J
tho;jy; vd;gJk;> nrhj;Jhpik rl;l vy;iyf;F mg;ghy;> epwj;Jf;F
mg;ghy;> ,dj;Jf;F mg;ghy;... ,iztJ mjpfhpj;Jr; nry;fpd;wJ.
,q;F mit Kuzw;w [dehafj;jpy; ,ize;j ,izf; FLk;gq;fshf
khwptpltpy; i y. khwhf ,e; j Mzhjpf; f j; jdpr; n rhj; J ilik
rKjhaj;jpy; tho;tjhy; mjd; vy;iyf;Fs; Kd;Ndwpa ,izTfshf
cs;sJ.
ngz;zpd; ,ay;ghd tho;f;iff;Fk; Kuzw;w [dehafkhd
,izTf;Fk; Vq;nfy;]; Fwpg;gpLtJ Nghy; ~~ngz;zpdk; KOtijAk;
r%f cw;gj;jpapy; kPzL
; k; GFj;JtJ jhd; ngz;fspd; tpLjiyf;Fhpa
Kjy; epge;jid vd;gJ mg;nghOJjhd; njspthFk;;. jdpg;gl;l
FLk;gk; rKjhaj;jpd; nghUshjhu myF vd;Dk; jd;ikia xopf;f
Ntz;Lk; vd;gij ,J kPz;Lk; NfhUfpd;wJ.||3
ngz; Rje;jpukhfr; rpe;jpf;f njhlq;FtJ ngz;zpd; ciog;G
(r%fg; ngWkhdk; nfhz;l $yp) tpLjiyf;fhd Kjy; J}z;Ljyhf
mikAk;. xU Mzpd; ciog;igr; rhHe;J ngz; ,Uf;Fk; tiu>
Mzpd; nghUshjhu eyDf;F cl;gl;Ljhd; ngz; rpe;jpf;f KbAk;;.
tHf;fr; rpe;jid rKjhaj;jpy; vg;gb nghUshjhu vy;iyf;Fs;
,Ue; J capHj; n jOfpd; w Njh> mNjNghy; Mzpd; ciog; G
ngWkhdj; J f; F cl; g l; l ngz; z pd; r%f tho; f ; i f> Miz
Kd;epWj;jp kl;LNk rpe;jpf;fKbfpd;wJ.
,jpy; ,Ue;J kPs ngz; r%f ciog;gpy; <LgLtJk;> nrhe;jg;
nghUshjhuj;jpy; Kjyhspj;Jt mikg;Gf;Fs; Ra Mw;wYld; thoTk;
Kbfpd;w epiyapy; jhd;> ngz;zpd; rpe;jid Mizr; rhuhj
tbtj;jpy; ntsptuKbAk;;. ,e;j epiyapy; ngz;zpd; rpe;jid
jdpg; g l; l MzplkpUe; J Rje; j pukhf cjpj; j hYk; Mzhjpf; f k;
njhlHtJ jtpHf;fKbahJ. Vnddpy; ngz;zpd; rpe;jid vd;gJ
022
gp. ,uahfud;
jdpr; nrhj; J hpik tbtpy; vOtjhYk; > Mzhjpf; f k; jdpr;

nrhj;Jhpikapd; tpisT vd;gjhYk;> jdpr; nrhj;Jhpik rKjhaj;jpy;
Mzhjpf;fj;ij xopf;fKbahj epge;jidf;F cs;shf;Ffpd;wJ.
,e;jj; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikf;Fr; rKjhaj;jpy; FLk;gq;fs; mjd;
MjhukhfTs;sd. ,q;F FLk;gk; vd;whYk;> jdpkdpjd; vd;whYk;>
,e;j Mzhjpf;fj; jdpAilik rKjhaj;jpd; nghUshjhu myfhf
,Ug;gijj; jfHf;fhjtiu> ngz;zpd; tpLjiy rhj;jpakpy;iy.
ngz; z pd; ciog; G kl; L k; ngz; i z tpLtpj; J tpLtjpy; i y.
ngz;zpd; ciog;G jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik rKjhaj;jpd; Cd;W Nfhyhf
,Ug;gjpy; ,Ue;Jk; tpLtpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,J jdpAilikf;Fg;
gjpy; r%f ciog;ig Mjhukhff; nfhz;l r%fg; ngWkhdj;ij
te;jiltjhFk;.
tuyhw; w py; khHf; r pak; kP j hd tuyhw; W j; jphpGfis>
khHf; r paky; y hj ngz; z piythjpfshy; ,l; L f; f hl; l g; g Lfpd; w J.
mjhtJ ngz; nghUshjhu hPjpapy; Rje;jpuk; mile;jhy; mjhtJ
mtisr; r%f eltbf; i fapy; <LgLj; j pdhy; > ngz; tpLjiy
mile;J tpLtjhf khHf;rpak; $wpajhff; $Wfpd;wdH. Mdhy;
fk;A+dpr ehLfspy; ,J epfotpy;iy> vdNt khHf;rpag; ngz;zpak;
Mzhjpf; f j; i j xopf; f hj FUl; L j; j dk; nfhz; l J vdf; $wp>
Kjyhspj;Jtg; ngz;zpaj;ij Kz;L nfhLf;fpd;wdH.
,e; j j; jphpG khHf; r pak; gyjuk; vjpHj; J Nghuhba
nghUshjhuthjk; kw;Wk; muh[fthjkhFk;;. nghUshjhu thjk;
Kjyhspj;Jt mikg;gpd; vy;iyf;Fs; NghuhLtjd; %yk;> kdpj
,dk; Kd;Ndw KbAk; vd;w Kjyhspj;Jt tHf;f eyd;fisf;
nfhz;Nlhhpd;> tHf;f Nghuhl;lj;ij Klf;Fk; thjkhf ,Ue;jJ.
,ijNa ngz;zpathjpfs; khHf;rpaj;ij miuFiwahfTk;> jphpG
topfspYk; Ghpe;J nfhz;L jphpj;J> khHf;rpaj;jpd; kPJ NrW tPrg;
gad;gLj;Jk; Kjyhspj;Jtf; Nfhl;ghlhFk;. ,Nj Nghy; muh[fthjk;
nghUshjhur; RNal; i r> kw; W k; Gul; r pfs; RajP d j; i j toq; f p
tpLtjhff; fw;gid gz;Zfpd;wdH. ,jpy; ,Ue;J Nfhl;ghl;L hPjpapy;
rpe;jpg;NghH jhk; jk;kstpy; tpLjiyaile;jjhff; fw;gidahd
Nghijapy; ,Uf;fTk;> nray;glTk; rpe;jpf;fTk; gpd;jq;ftpy;iy.
khHf;rpak; ngz;fspd; nghUshjhuj; jdpj;Jtj;ijf; NfhUk;
mNjNeuk;> mjpy; ,Ue;J ngz;zpd; Gul;rpia tHf;fg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd;
Clhf> gy gz;ghl;Lf; fyhr;rhug; Gul;rp ClhfNt Mzhjpf;fj;ij
xopf;f KbAk; vd;gijj; njspthf Kd;itj;Js;sJ. ,ijj; jtpu
ve;jf; Nfhl;ghl;L eilKiwiaAk; Mzhjpf;fj;ij xopf;Fk; Nghuhl;l
gp. ,uahfud;
023
topia> cyfpy; ahUk; Kd;itf;ftpy;iy> Kd;itf;fTk; KbahJ.

ghl; l hsp tHf; f f; FLk; g q; f s; nrhj; J hpik tbtj; j py; ,Ue; J
Kjyhspj;Jtr; Ruz;lypd; tbtpy; tpLtpj;Jf; nfhz;ljhy;> mf;FLk;g
,izT vd;gJ nrhj;Jhpik tbtpy; ePbf;fKbatpy;iy. ,e;jf;
FLk;gj;jpd; ,izT ,yFthdjhf khwpaJ> khWfpd;wJ.
,ijnahl;b Vq;nfy;]; ~~xUjhu kzKiw epiyj;j gpwF
cWjpahf Nt&d;wpa> ngz;fisf; nfhLikg;gLj;Jfpd;w Nghf;F
kl;Lk; xUNtis ,q;Nf rpwpjsT ,Uf;fyhk;. vdNt ghl;lhspf;
FLk;gk;> mjd; fwhuhd mHj;jj;jpy; ,dpAk; xUjhu kzj;jpd;
,ufj;ijr; NrHe;jjy;y....... jpUkzj;ij ,uj;J nra;fpd;w chpikiag;
ngz; eilKiwapy; jpUk;gg; ngw;Wtpl;lhs;..... ghl;lhspj; jpUkzk;
xUjhu kzkhFNk jtpu me;jr; nrhy;ypd; tuyhw;wpw;Fhpa mHj;jj;jpy;
MfhJ.||3
,e;j epiy vd;gJ KOikapy; xU tHf;fg; Gul;rpapd;wp

rhj;jpakpy;iy. jdpr; nrhj;Jhpik ePbf;fpd;wtiu chpikfSk;>
flikfSk; rKjhaj;jpd; mbg;gil gpsthf> mJNt [dehafkhf>
Rje;jpukhf ,Ug;gjhy; rhj;jpakpy;iy. Mz; - ngz; NtWghL
vd;gJ jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikapd; tbtpy; ePbg;gJ vjhHj;jkhfpd;wJ.
jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikapd; NtWgl;l ,ay;Gfs;> jd;ikfs;> gpsTfs;
ePbf;Fk; tiu Mz; ngz;zpd; NtWgl;l ,ay;Gfs;> jd;ikfs;>
gpsTfs; Mzhjpf;fj;jpw;F Mjhukhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. mjhtJ xU
rKjhaj;jpy; vq;Nfh xU %iyapy; ePbf;Fk; gpsTjhd;> midj;jpd;
gpsTf;Fkhd Mjhukhfpd;wJ. Mjp kdpjr; rKjhaj;jpy; ,Ue;J
khwpte;j jdpr; nrhj;Jhpik Mjpf;fj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dhy; gy gpsTfs;
Gjpa ghpzhkj;Jld; khwpte;j NghJk;> jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikf;fhd
gpsTfs; ePbg;gjhy;> midj;Jk; mjpy; ,Ue;J Njhd;wpajhy;> Mz;
- ngz; gpsTfs; njhlHtJ ePbf;fpd;wJ.
nrhj;Jhpikf; FLk;gk; vd;gJ khwp mjd; vy;iyf;Fs;shd

Gjpa FLk; g k; cUthfp tUfpd; w J. ,e; j xUjhu kzq; f s;
,yFthdjhf cs;sd. ,q;F nghUshjhu hPjpapy; Mz; - ngz;
Rje;jpukhf ,Ug;gJk;> Kd;G Nghy; Mz; rhHe;j nghUshjhuf;
FLk;g tbtk; ePbf;f KbahJ ghl;lhspf; FLk;gj;jpy; jfHe;J NghdJ.
mj;Jld; Mz; - ngz; ciog;G vd;w $l;Lg; nghUshjhuj; jd;ikf;F
ntspapy; MZk; rhp> ngz;Zk; rhp thoKbahj> rpe;jpf;f Kbahj
tifapy; Ruz; l y; NfhukhfpAs; s J. ,J r%fk; gw; w pa
fz; N zhl; l j; i jf; $l; L g; nghUshjhu vy; i yf; F s; rpe; j pf; f j;
J}z;Lfpd;wJ. ,J r%f If;fpaj;ijf; fPo; ,Ue;J xOq;fikf;
fpd;wJ. mj;Jld; ghl;lhspf; FLk;gj;jpd; nghUshjhu tWik EfHTg;
gz;ghl;bYk; ,Ue;J vl;lNt itj;Js;sJ. ,Ue;j NghJk; jdpr;
nrhj;Jhpik kw;Wk; EfHTg; gz;ghl;by; ePbf;Fk; r%fk; vd;w tifapy;
ghl;lhspf; FLk;gKk; me;jg; gz;ghl;Lj; jhf;fj;jpd; vy;iyf;Fs;
ePbf;fpd;wJ. ,e;jg; gz;ghl;Lj; jhf;fk; mjd; KOikahd tbtpy;
,y;yh tpl;lhYk;> mjd; gy$Wfs; ePbf;Fk; tiuapy; ,f;FLk;gj;jpYk;
ePbg;gJ tpjpahfpd;wJ.
jdpr; nrhj; J hpik NkYk; NkYk; ,Wfp rpyiu Nehf; f p

ikag;gl rKjhaj;jpd; MNtrk; NkYk; $Hikahfpd;wJ. ,ijj;
jzpf;f NkYk; NkYk; ,e;j vy;iyf;Fs;> mjPjkhd rYifia>
njhopy;El;g tsHr;rp mDkjpj;j vy;iyf;Fs; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikapd;
topapy; jpzpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. mNjNeuk; nrhj;Js;s tHf;fk; ngz;zpd;
ciog;igr; Ruz;b ngWkjpahf;fp> nrhj;jw;w tHf;fkhf tpLtpj;jjd;
%yk;> ghypaypy; Vw;gl;l Rje;jpuk; vd;gJ jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikapd;
ghtk; ngw;W tpgr;rhukhf ntk;gp tPq;fpg; NghdJ.
Mz; - ngz;zpd; ,izT vd;gJ Vq;nfy;]; Fwpg;gpLtJNghy;

~~Kjyhtjhf> jpUkzk; ntw;wp ngw Ntz;Lnkd;why; mJ ,U
jug;gpdUk; tpUg;gg;G+Htkhfr; nra;J nfhz;l xg;ge;jkhf ,Uf;f
Ntz;Lk;. ,uz;lhtjhf> kz tho;f;ifapy; chpikfs;> flikfs;
tplaj;jpy; ,Ujug;gpdUk; rkepiyapy; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,t;tpuz;L
Nfhhpf;iffSk; Kuzpy;yhky; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lhy; ngz; Nfl;ff;
$ba vy;yhNk fpilj;J tpl;ljhfNt ,Uf;Fk;.||3
,d;W ,e;j Mzhjpf;fj; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikapd; cs;shHe;j

tsHr;rp tpjp vd;gJ rpyhpd; nrhj;Jhpikf;Fs; cyfk; cUsf;
NfhUfpd;wJ. ,e;j tbtk; Mz; rhHe;j FLk;g Mjpf;f> Mzhjpf;f
xUjhu kzj;ijj; jfHj;jJ. me;j ,lj;jpy; Gjpa tbtk; rhHe;j
FLk; g k; cUthfpd; w J. ,NjNeuk; %d; w hk; cyf ehLfisr;
#iwahb Kjyhk; cyfj; njhopyhsUf;Ff; nfhLf;Fk; rYiffs;
Mz; - ngz;zpd; EfHT vy;iyf;Fs; efHj;Jfpd;wJ. ghypay;
024
gp. ,uahfud;
,ijnahl;b Vq;nfy;]; ~~ek; fhyj;jpy; Kjyhspj;Jtg; gz;l

cw;gj;jp Kiw gioa guk;giuahd nghJkfspH Kiwia vt;tsT
mjpfkhf khw;wpj; jftikf;fpd;wNjh> vt;tsT mjpfkhf mJ
gfpuq; f khd tpgr; r hukhf khWfpd; w Njh me; j msTf; F mjd;
tpisTfs; Nkd;NkYk; rPHFiythditahf ,Uf;fpd;wd. NkYk;
ngz; f is tpl Mz; f isNa ,J mjpfkhfr; rP H Fiyf; f pwJ.
ngz; f spilapy; > tpgr; r huk; jd; t iyapy; rpf; f pf; nfhs; f pd; w
ghpjhgj;Jf;F chpatHfspilNa jho;j;jp tpLfpd;wJ.||3
gp. ,uahfud;
025
vd;gJ EfHT Ntl;iff;Fs;shfp mDgtpj;Jf; fopf;Fk; Nghf;fpy;>

mjpfkhd tpgr;rhuj;jpd; vy;iyf;Fs; tphpTgLj;Jfpd;wJ. Mz;
ghypaiy xUjhu kzj;jpy; Mz; rhHe;J mDgtpj;jJ vd;gJ
fw; g idahfpd; w J. ngz; mij mDgtpf; f htpl; l hYk; >
Kd; G
ngw;wijg; ngwKbahJ NghtJ vd;gJ vjhHj;jkhfpd;wJ.
jdpAilikapd; tphpthf;fj;jhy; fpilj;j Nghypr; Rje;jpuk;>
Mz; - ngz;zpd; ghypay; Njitia NkYk; fbdkhf;fpAs;sJ.
Mz; - ngz;zpd; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpik rhHe;j jdpkdpj Mjpf;fr;
Rje;jpuk;> Mz; - ngz;izg; gpse;Js;sJ. ,J Kd;igtpl Mz; ngz; cwit NkYk; neUf;fbf;Fs; ,l;Lr; nrd;Ws;sJ. elf;Fk;
cwTk; NkYk; Mz; - ngz;zpd; ,ay;gpd; Ntl;iff;Fg; Gwk;ghf>
tpgr;rhu epiyapy; EfHTf;Fs;; md;dpag;gLfpd;wJ. ,J ,ae;jpu
tbtk; ngw;W cWg;ghfp ,iztJk; fiytJkhf ,izitAk;>
gpsitAk; Ntfkhf; f pAs; s J. mjhtJ ,ae; j puj; j pd; Ntfkhd
cw;gj;jpj; jpwd; ve;jsTf;F mjpfhpj;jNjh> me;jsTf;Fg; ghypay;
NjHTk;> gpsTk; mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. Kd;G ifj;njhopy; cw;gj;jpapy;
,Ue;j if NeHj;jpAk; mjd; cs;slf;fKk;> %yjdj;jpd; Kd;
,ae;jpuj;jpd; cWg;ghfpa mjd; Ntfj;jpy; njhiye;jJ Nghy;>
ghypay; GzHr;rpapy; epfo;tjd; %yk; tpgr;rhu epiyf;Fj; juk;
jho;j;jpAs;sJ.
jpUkzk; vd; g J xUjhu kzj; j py; Mz; - ngz; Z f; F
,ilapy; ngz;Zf;F kl;Lkpd;wp MZf;Fk; vjhHj;jkhf;fhj epiy
ePbf;Fk;tiu tpgr;rhuk; nghJthf ,Ug;gJ jtpHf;fKbahJ. ,ij
Vq;nfy;]; ~~xUjhu kzk; eype;J Nghtjw;Fg; gjpyhf Kbtpy;
MZf; F k; NrHj; J vjhHj; j khfpwJ|| 3 vd; w hH. Mk; xU MZk;
ngz; Z k; gu]; g uk; fhjypf; f Tk; > gphpaTk; Kbfpd; w tho; t py; >
MZf;Fg; ngz;zpd; flikfs; jho;T ,d;wp Kuz; ,d;wp rkkhf
kjpf;fg;gl;L> xUtUf;Fs; xUtH tho;fpd;w tHf;fkw;w rKjhaj;jpy;
xUjhu kzk; Mz; - ngz; vd ,UtUf;Fk; vjhHj;jkhfpd;wJ.
,J ,y;yhjtiu Mz; - ngz;zpd; ,ilntsp vd;gJ tHf;fr;
rKjhaj;jpd; njhlHr;rpahf ePbg;gJ ,Uf;Fk;. ,JNt kdpj tuyhwhf
,Ug;gJld;> r%f tpQ;QhdkhfTk; cs;sJ.
ngz; mbikj; j dKk;

Mzhjpf;fj;jpd; tsHr;rpAk;
k dpj Kuz; g hLfs; ,aw; i f Njhw; W tpj; j itay; y .
,aw;ifapy; eP rpwpatd; - ehd; nghpatd; vd;Nwh> Vio> gzf;fhud;
vd;Nwh> Mz; - ngz; vd;Nwh... gpsTfs; mw;w ghpzhkj;jpd; NjHtpy;;
kdpjd; ,aw; i fiaj; jdJ ciog; i gf; nfhz; L khw; w j;
njhlq;fpaTld;> cw;gj;jpapd; NtWgl;l jd;ikAld; $ba Ntiyg;
gphptpidAk;> gpsTk;> kdpj tsHr;rpia xl;ba ,aw;ifg; gpsTfSk;
tsHr;rp ngw;wJ. ,e;j ,aw;ifapd; kPjhd ciog;gpdhy; Vw;gl;l>
cw; g j; j papd; tsHr; r papdhy; Vw; g l; l gpsTfs; > ,aw; i fiaAk;
kdpjidAk; mbikg;gLj;j> rKjhaj;jpd; ,aw;ifg; gpsTfs; kdpjg;
gpsTfshfp mbikj;jdj;Jf;Fk;> Ruz;lYf;Fk; tpj;jp;l;ld.
kdpjdpd; etPdf; fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; midj;Jk; kdpjid NkYk;
NkYk; mbikj;jdj;Jf;Fs; ,l;Lr; nry;y> rpyH mij mDgtpf;Fk;
Nghf; f py; tsHr; r p ngw; w rKjhak; > jdf; F s; Kuz; g hl; i lf;
nfhs;tJk; NghuhLtJk; kdpj tuyhwhfpaJ. ,g;Nghuhl;lq;fs; vd;gJ
,y;yhjtd; jdJ mjpfhuj;jpd; Clhfg; Gjpjhfg; ngWtijf;
Fwpf;Nfhshf> ,Ug;gtd; kPJ mjpfhuj;ij epWTtjhfNt vg;NghJk;
,Ue;Js;sJ.
kdpjr; rKjhaj;jpy; kdpjid mbikg;gLj;jpa Nghf;fpy;
Mz; - ngz;izAk;> ciof;Fk; tHf;fj;ij - ciof;fhj tHf;fKk;>
caH rhjp - jho; rhjpfs; kPJk;> nts;is Mjpf;f epwthjk; fWg;G epwthjk; kPJk;.. .. vd gy jsj;jpy; tsHr;rp ngw;w kdpj
mtyq; f is xopj; J f; f l; l > tuyhw; w py; ele; j gy Mapuk;
Nghuhl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; NghHfspdhy; mit KbTf;Ff;
nfhz;Lte;Jtpltpy;iy. khwhfg; Gjpa MSk; th;f;fk; kPz;Lk;
mNj topapy; njhlHtJk;> kPz;Lk; Nghuhl;lq;fs; gy;NtW Nfhl;ghl;L
cs;slf;fj;Jld; njhlHtJkhf kdpj tuyhW ePbj;J te;Js;sJ.
kdpjdpd; tho;f;ifiar; Rw;wp gpize;Js;s mtyq;fs;>
jPHf;fKbahj rpf;fy;fisr; re;jpj;j Nghuhl;lq;fs; kPjhd jPHT
vd;d vd;gNj> kdpjdpd; cz;ikahd> re;Njhrkhd tho;Tf;fhd
026
gp. ,uahfud;
gp. ,uahfud;
027
cj;juthjj;ij toq;Fk;. ,e;jg; NgUz;ikia kdpjd; Ghpe;J nfhs;s

Kad;whd;. ,e;j epiyapy; kdpjd; ,g;gbNa ,aw;ifapy; ,Ue;jhd;
my;yJ ,it Kd; gpwg;gpd; njhlHr;rp my;yJ flTspd; nray;
vdg; gw;gy tpsf;fj;jpd; Clhf ,aw;if gw;wpaJk; kdpj mtyk;
gw;wpa tpsf;fq;fs;> kdpjdpd; mtyj;ijg; Nghf;Ftjw;Fg; gjpy;
njhluNt toptFj;jJ.
,e; j epiyapy; ,aw; i f gw; w p> ,aw; i fapy; kdpjdpd;
ghpzhkk; gw; w pa mwptpay; > kdpj mtyj; j pd; fhuzj; i jg;
Ghpe;Jnfhs;s mbg;gilahd ,aq;fpayhf ,Ue;jJ. ,e;j tifapy;
%d;W Kf;fpakhd fz;L gpbg;Gfs; cyif NtW xU Nfhzj;jpy;
,Ue; J kdpj mtyj; j pd; fhuzj; i j mwpe; J nfhs; s top
fhl;bAs;sJ.
mitfspy; Kjyhtjhfr; rhHy]; lhh; t pd ; vOjpa
k || vd;w E}ypd; Clhf capupdj; Njhw;wk;
~~caphpdq;fspd; Njhw;wk;
gw;wpa ,aw;if rhHe;j fz;L gpbg;G ,jw;F Ke;ija cyfj;jpd;>
caphpd; Njhw;wk; gw;wpa tpsf;fj;ijj; jiyfPohf;fpaJ.
,uz; l htJ fz; L gpbg; g hf khHfd
khHfd; vOjpa ~~gz; i la
rKjhak;|| E}y; Clhff; FLk;gq;fs; kw;Wk; rKjha tsHr;rpia>
rKjhak
ciog;G gw;wpa tsHr;rpia ,aw;if rhHe;J fz;Lgpbj;jhH. ,e;j
,U fz;L gpbg;GfSk; gyj;j vjpHg;ig cyfstpy; re;jpj;jJ
kl;Lk; ,d;wp ghlrhiyfspy; fw;gpg;gjw;Ff; $l jiltpjpf;fg;gl;lJ.
lhH;tpd; fz;Lgpbg;ig vjpHj;J ~~600f;F Nkw;gl;l mwptpay; JiwapdH
iggpspd;||9 kPJ ek;gpf;if njhptpj;J lhh;tpidj; J}w;wpdH.
%d;whtJ fz;L gpbg;ghf khHf;]; - Vq;nfy;]; cghp kjpg;igf;
fz; L gpbj; J > nghUs; K jy; t hjj; i j mbg; g ilahff; nfhz; l
rpe;jidKiwahf ,aw;if rhHe;J cyif Muhag;gl;lJ. ,jpy;;
FLk; g k; > jdpr; n rhj; J > muR vd; w Vq; n fy; r pd
pd; E}y; khHfdpd;
fz;Lgpbg;ig xl;b NkYk; nghUs;Kjy;thjf; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy;
cyif tpsf;fpaNghJ> Mzhjpf;fr; Ruz;ly; jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik
cyfk; vq;Fk; mjpuj;njhlq;fpaJ. ,it ,d;W tiu rKjhaj;jpy;
,U ngUk; gpsTf;Fs; cs;sJld;> fLk; vjpHg;Gf;Fs;shfpa tz;zk;
cs;sJ.
,e;j %d;W fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; jhd; ,aw;if kw;Wk; kdpjdpd;
,aw;ifia> tuyhw;W ,aq;fpay; tsHr;rpia kpfj; Jy;ypakhf
kdpjDf; F Kd; nfhz; L te; j J. ,e; j ,aq; f pay; tsHr; r papd;
Nghf;fpy; kdpjdpd; Njhw;wk;> tsHr;rp Kjy; ,d;iwa mtyq;fs;
tiuf;fhd fhuzf;fhhpaq;fis tpsf;fTk; Ghpaitf;fTk; Kbe;jJ.
028
gp. ,uahfud;
mNjNeuk; ,e;j mtyj;jpd; fhuzj;ijf; fisaTk;> mij ,aw;if

rhHe;j kdpj tho;T Clhf ,dk; fz;L fisaTk; topfhl;lf;
$bajhf ,d;W ehk; cs;Nshk;.
Mzhjpf; f j; J f; F s; s hd ngz; kP j hd mbikj; j dj; i j>
,aw;iff;F ntspapy; jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik Ruz;ly; Mjpf;ff; fUj;ij
mbg; g ilahff; nfhz; l GidTfs; %yk; epahag; g Lj; j g; g l; l
,d;iwa Nghf;if> ,e;j %d;W fz;L gpbg;GfSk; ,aw;if rhHe;J
kWjypj;jJ.
,aw;ifiar; rhHe;J tho;e;j ngz;- Mz; r%fj;jpy; tsh;r;rp
ngw;w ciog;Gk;> ,aw;ifapyhd ciog;Gg; gphptpidAk;> ,jdhy;
tsHr;rp ngw;w cghpapd; mjpfhpg;Gk;> MZf;Fr; rhjfkhf khwpa
,aw;ifapd; tpisthy;> Mz; cghpiaj; jdpr;nrhj;Jhpikahf;f>
r%ff; $l;L tho;tpy; tho;e;j ngz; nrhj;Jhpik kWf;fg;gl;l
epiyf;F cs;shdhs;;.
,aw;ifapNyNa Mz; - ngz; ghypay; Njitfs; Gwepiy
rhuhJ ,aw;ifapd; Nghf;fpy; ,Ue;j tsHr;rp vd;gJ>
jdpr;nrhj;Jhpikapd; Nghf;Fld; r%fj; jd;ikia ,oe;J> mjd;
Kjd; i kapy; ngz; kP j hd mjpfhpj; j Mzpd; EfHT Ntl; i l
Muk; g khfpaJ. ngz; i z milAk; Nghl; l hNghl; b my; y J
mDgtpf; F k; Ntl; i f vd; g J> Mz; - ngz; Z f; f pilapy;
tiuKiwaw;w GzHr;rp ,Ue;j NghJk; ,J Mzpd; Mjpf;fj;Jf;F
rhHgilaj; njhlq;fpaJ. jdpr; nrhj;Jhpiknad;gJ ,aw;if> r%fr;
#oy;> kw;iwa caphpdq;fs;> kdpj ,dk; vijAk; kWj;J cUthFk;
Nghf;fpy; cUthdit vd;gjhy;> mit jd;dstpy; ngz; kPjhd
ghypaypy; Mjpf; f j; i jf; NfhhpaJ. ngz; z pd; NjHTf; F k; >
czHTf; F k; gjpy; > ngz; i zj;
jdpr; nrhj; J hpikapd;
Mjpf;fj;Jf;Fs;shd jPHkhdfukhd tplakhfj; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpik
ghHf;fj; njhlq;fpaJ.
,jd; Nghf;fpy; tiuKiwaw;w ghypaypy; ngz; gyhpd; ghypay;
tpUg;igg; G+Hj;jp nra;jy; my;yJ Nghl;bapd; ,ilNa ge;jhlg;gLjy;
my;yJ ghypaypy; ,Ue;J Xuk; fl;lg;gLjy; my;yJ xUthpd;
epHg;ge;jj;Jf;F mbgzpjy; vd;w jdpr;nrhj;Jhpikapd; Fzhk;r
ntspg;gLj;jYf;F> ngz;zpd; tiuKiwaw;w GzHr;rpg; Nghf;fpy;
Mz;fspd; nrhj;jhf> chpikaw;w> NjHT mw;w ghypay; gz;lkhf
,Uf;f ngz;izf; NfhhpaJ.
,e;j ,lj;jpy; tiuKiwaw;w GzHr;rpapy; ,Ue;J ngz;
xUjhuj; jpUkzj;Jf;F te;Jtpltpy;iy. mij te;jilAk;; Nghf;fpy;
gp. ,uahfud;
029
gy khWjy; fl;lj;ijf; fle;J tuNtz;bapUe;jJ. ,itfis xl;ba

tpsf;fk; GzHr;rpAk; FLk;gKk; vd;w jiyg;gpd; fPo; Muhag;gLfpd;wJ.
my;yhJ jpBnud
khwpajhfg; ghHj;jhy; tuyhw;W ,aq;fpay;
tsHr;rpia kWg;gjpy; njhlq;fp jtwhd KbTf;Nf te;Jepw;Nghk;.
,e;j epiyapy; jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik Njhd;wp tsHr;rp ngwj;
njhlq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;j kdpj tuyhw;wpy;> $l;L tho;f;iff;Fk;
jdpkdpj tho;Tf;Fkpilapyhd Kuz;ghL [Ptkuzg; Nghuhl;lkhfj;
njhlq;fpaJ. ,J tho;f;if Mjhukhd midj;jpd; kPJk; jdpr;
nrhj;Jhpik r%fj;Jf;F ntspapy; rYifiaf; NfhhpaJ. ,e;jg;
Nghuhl;lj;jpy; jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik rhHe;J ngz;zpd; NjHT> chpik
Mzhjpf;fj;jhy; kWf;fg;gl;lJ. Mzhjpf;fj;Jf;fpilapy;; ngz; rpf;fp
nfhz; b Ue; j NghJ> ngz; jdJ nrhe; j j; NjHitj; jdpr;
nrhj;Jhpikf;F vjpuhf> jdJ jdpj;j NjHthff; NfhUtjw;Fg;
Nghuhl;lk; ,l;Lr;nrd;wJ.
gy Mz; f spd; Nghl; b apy; ,Ue; J jg; g pf; f Tk; > ghypay;
td;Kiwapy; ,Ue;J jdJ fw;igg; ghJfhj;J (,q;F fw;G gw;wpa
rHr;irf;Fhpa fUj;ij xl;ba tpsf;fj;ij mjhtJ Mzhjpf;fNk
Mjhpj; J k; > vjpHj; J k; khWgl; l Mzhjpf; f j; jdpr; n rhj; J hpik
nghUshjhu epiyf;Fs;shd Nfhhpf;ifahf cs;sJ vd;gijAk;>
,J ngz;zpd; Mzhjpf;fj;Jf;F vjpuhd Nfhhpf;ifahf ,Ue;jJ>
,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;gijAk;> fw;G vg;gb jphpe;J tpsf;fk; ngw;wJ
vd;gijAk;> fPNo fw;G gw;wpa jdpg; gFjp tphpthf Muha;fpd;wJ.)
tpyfp thoTk;> ngz; jdJ chpikiaj; jdJ nrhe;jj; NjHT
kw;Wk; chpikA+lhfg; ngz;> Mizj; njhpT nra;tJ ghpzhk
tsHr;rpahf xUjhu kzkhfg; nghUshjhu tsHr;rpapd; Nghf;fhf;fpaJ.
ngz;zpd; ,j;njhpT vd;gJ $l tiuKiwaw;w GzHr;rpapd;
mq;fkhf tsHr;rp ngw;wJ. ngz; kPjhd jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik rhHe;j
Mzpd; chpik kw;Wk; NjHT Nghd;wd> Mzhjpf;fj;Jf;F vjpuhd
ngz; z pd; jdpj; j gy NjHitf; $ l gbg; g bahff; iftpl
epHg;ge;jpj;jJ. mjhtJ MzpdJk; ngz;zpdJk; chpik kw;Wk;
NjHT gw;wpa fz;Nzhl;lk;> xd;wpy; ,Ue;J xd;W tpyfp mjhs
ghjhsj;jpy; tpOe;jJ. ngz; jdJ nrhe;jg; ghJfhg;G fUjp jd;idg;
ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;sf; $ba Mzpd; NjHit ehLtij> r%f ,af;fk;
gbg;gbahf Mz; rhHe;J NjHe;njLg;gjhf epHg;ge;jpj;jJ.
ngz; jdJ chpik> NjHitj; jf;fitf;f xU Mizj;
(,e;jj; NjHT vd;gJ tho;f;if G+uhTk; xU Mizay;y> khwhfg;
ngz; tpUk;Gk;NghJ NjHe;J thOk; xU Mizf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ)
NjHe;J vLj;j Nghf;fhdJ> gbg;gbahfj; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikapd;
030
gp. ,uahfud;
tsHr;rpAldhd Rje;jpuk;> [dehafk; gw;wpa epahag;gLj;jY}lhf

xU Mizj; njhpT nra;J tho;f;if G+uhTk; thOk; FLk;gj;
Njhw;wj;Jf;F toptpl;lJ. fle;j fhy ,yf;fpaj;jpy; ngz; tPukhd
xUtidg; Nghl;bapd; Clhfj; njhpT nra;Ak; tof;fk; epytpaijAk;
fhz;fpd;Nwhk;. ,J ngz; jdJ njhpitj; jf;fitj;j tuyhw;W
tsHr;rpapd; xUgFjpahf ePbj;jijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
,e;j xUjhukzj; njhpit xl;b Mz; jpUg;jp nfhs;stpy;iy.
Mz; jdJ gyjhu kz Ntl;ifapy; MHtk; nfhz;ltdhf ,Ue;jhd;.
ngz; jdJ chpikiaAk; NjHitAk; fw;igAk; jf;fitf;fTk;>
Mzplk; ,Ue;J jg;gTk; xUjhuj; njhpit ehLk; eilKiw tsHr;rp
ngw> kw; n whU gFjpg; ngz; f s; toikahd tiuKiwaw; w
GzHr; r pia eilKiwapy; nfhz; b Ue; j dH. ,e; j vjpH epiy
Kuz;ghLfs; vd;gJ jdJ Nghf;fpy; tsHr;rp ngw;wJ.
jdpr; n rhj; J hpikapd; Mzhjpf; f tsHr; r p ,ijj; jdJ
nghUshjhu Mjpf;fj;Jf;F Clhf mZfpaJ. ngz;fs; jkJ chpik>
njhpitj; jf;fitf;fj; NjHe;j topfis Mzhjpf;fj;jplk; cs;s
nghUshjhug; gyj;Jf;F Kd;dhy; jf;f itf;fKbatpy;iy. mijj;
jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik jdJ jsj;jpYk; jdf;fpirthf khw;wpa Nghf;Fjhd;
ngz; jdJ chpikia ,of;fTk;> NjHit ,of;fTk; fhuzkhfpaJ.
ngz;zpd; jdpj;NjHit Mz; jdJ jdpr;nrhj;Jhpikapd;
thhpir cUthf; f Tk; > ngz; i zr; nrhj; j hfTk; > jdJ jdpr;
nrhj; J hpikapd; mbikahfTk; > jdpr; n rhj; J hpikapd; Kd; d hy;
ngz;izj; jdJ nrhe;jg; ghypay; EfHTf;Fhpa xU nghUshfTk;
mbikg;gLj;jpajd; %yk; Mzhjpf;fr; nrhj;Jhpikr; r%fk; jdpr;
nrhj;Jf;Fhpa tuyhw;W ,aq;fpaYld; tsHr;rpngw;wJ.
kWGwj;jpy; tiuKiwaw;w GzHr;rpapy; ngz;zpd; NjHT>
chpikiaj; jdpr;nrhj;JhpikAld; $ba Mzhjpf;fk;> xUjhuj;
njhpTf;F vjpuhdjhf Kd;epWj;jp> gioa Mzpd; chpikiag;
ghJfhf;f nghJkfspH Kiwia tsHj;jJ. ,J ,d;W tpgr;rhu
tbtj;jpy; ehk; milahsk; fhzKbAk;. ,e;jpahtpy; Njtjhrp
Kiw Nghd;W> gy;NtW r%fj;jpy; ,it mKy; nra;ag;gl;ld.
,e;j ,U Nghf;FfspYk; ngz;zpd; NjHT> chpikiaj;
jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik ngz;Zf;F ,y;yhJ xopj;jJ. ngz;zpd; epiyiaj;
juk; jho;j;jpa jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik ngz;izg; ghypay; cw;gj;jpapd;
EfHT ikakhfTk;> MZf;Fr; Nrit nra;Ak; mbikahfTk;> Mzpd;
thhpir cUthf; F k; ,ae; j pukhfTk; > ngz; z pd; ciog; i g
cghpahfTk; khw;wpa r%fg; nghUshjhu mikg;G (,q;F me;j
gp. ,uahfud;
031
cghpf;fhd Neubahd r%fg; ngWkhdk; kWf;fg;gl;lJ) mijg;

ngz; Z f; F kWj; J k; > nrhj; J hpik rhHe; J ngz; i z MZf; F
mbikahf;fpaJ. ,JNt nghJthd Mzhjpf;fr; r%ff;
fz;Nzhl;lkhf tsHr;rp ngw;wJ.
rKjha tsHr;rpapy; Mzhjpf;fg; Nghf;fpy; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpik
kPjhd chpikia; jdpr;nrhj;Jhpikapd; Mzhjpf;f vy;iyf;Fs;
ngz; Nfhhpa Nghf;fpy;> mjd; ntw;wpfspdhy; r%fg; nghUshjhu
tbtq; f s; Nfs; t pf; F s; s hfpaJ. lhHtpd; > khHfd; > khHf; ] ; Vq;nfy;];rpd; fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; cyifg; Gjpa topapy; tpsf;fp epWtp
gioa mwptpaiyj; jfHj;jJ. ,ij <Lfl;l ,jpy; ,Ue;J tpyfp>
epytp te;j nghUshjhu> gz;ghl;L> fyhr;rhug; GidTfs; vy;yhk;>
jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikiag; ngz; ngwj; njhlq;fpaNghJ NkYk; mitAk;
Ml; l k; fhzj; n jhlq; f paJ. ngz; z pd; Njhw; w k; > tsHr; r p>
mbikj; j dk; vd; g tw; i w %d; W Kf; f pa fz; L gpbg; G fSk; >
rKjhaj;jpy; epytpa midj;J kjpg;gPl;ilAk; Nfs;tp Nfl;L jfHj;j
NghJ> Gjpa r%f kjpg;gPLfs; cUthapd.
Mdhy; Mzhjpf;fj;Jf;Fs; ngz; jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik kPjhd
chpikia Mzhjpf;fj; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikaplk; Nghuhbg; ngw;W
tUk; ,d;iwa r%fg; Nghf;fpy; (,q;F r%fj;jpd; nrhj;Jhpik
nghJthfg; gwpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Mdhy; jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik #iwahLk;
[dehafk; ngz;Zf;Fk; tphpthfpd;wJ)> ngz; kjpg;gPLfs; ,Ue;J
te;j topfspy; ,Ue;J khw;wk; ngw;Ws;sJ.
ngz; jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik rhHe;Jk;> me;j [dehafk; rhHe;Jk;
chpikiaAk; NjHitAk; NfhUtJ vd;gJ vjhHj;jkhfpaJ. jdpr;
nrhj;Jhpik rhHe;j chpik gw;wpAk;> NjHT gw;wpAk; r%fg; Nghf;F
Gjpa Kuz;ghl;il ,jw;Fs; cUthf;fpAs;sJ.
,e;jg; Nghf;fpy; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpik gwpf;fg;gl;l Mz; - ngz;
vd; w kf; f s; $l; l k; xU r%fkhfTk; > nrhj; J hpik nfhz; l
Gy;YUtpfs; me;j r%fj;Jf;F vjpuhd xU $l;lkhfTk; rKjhak;
gpsTw;W tsHr;rp ngw;W tUfpd;wJ.
Rje;jpukhd ciog;ghspahfj; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpik cUthf;fpa
Nghf;fpy; mjd; r%ff; $Wfis [dehafkhf ,dk; fz;L nfhs;Sk;
tho;tpy;> jdpr;nrhj;Jhpikia> [dehafr; Rje;jpuj;jpd; topapy;
gwpf;fg;gl;l Mz; - ngz; $l;lj;jpd; Kd;> nrhj;jpd; thhpRf;fhd
FLk; g mikg; G Kiw khwpte; j
r%f tsHr; r pahy; jfHe; J
NghAs;sJ> Nghfpd;wJ. ,jdhy; ngz; Foe;ij ngWk; ,ae;jpuk;
vd;w nraw;ghl;Lf; fz;Nzhl;lk; jfHe;J NghdJ> Nghfpd;wJ.
032
gp. ,uahfud;
Mzpd; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikiar; rpyH #iwahbajhy;> MZld;

ngz;izAk; $ypahf;fpajhy; MZf;Fr; nra;j Nrit vd;gJ jfHe;J
NghdJ> Nghfpd;wJ. Mzpd; ghypay; EfHTf;Fhpa gz;lkhf ,Ue;j
Nghf;fpy; Mzpd; nrhj;Jhpik ,og;ghy;> ngz;zpd; nrhj;Jhpikapd;
Nfhhpf;ifahy;> jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikapd; r%ff; fl;likg;ghy; ngz;
NjHitAk;> chpikiaAk; ,jw;Fs; NfhUtjhy;> fle;J te;j ghypay;
gw;wpa kjpg;gPLfs>; eilKiwfs; jfHe;J NghdJ> Nghfpd;wJ.
,e;jj; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikapd; ikag;gLjYf;fhd tuyhw;Wg;
Nghf;fpy; gue;Jgl;l kf;fs; nrhj;Jhpikia ,oe;jjd; tpisthf
kughf ePz;L ePbj;j FLk;g xOq;Ffs; jfHe;J Nghapd. ,e;j
,lj;jpy; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikaw;w Mz; - ngz; jdpr;nrhj;Jhpikg;
gz;ghl;Lf;Fs; > me;j [dehafr; RaepHzaj;Jf;Fs; jk;ikj;
jpUkzj;jpd; ClhfTk; ntspapYk; ,izj;Jf; nfhz;l FLk;gj;jpy;>
Mz; - ngz;Zf;F ,ilapyhd ghypay; elj;ijfs; ,r;r%f
mikg;G gz;ghl;Lf;F ,irthf EfHTg; GzHr;rpahf khwpd. ,e;j
EfHTg; Nghf;fpy; tpsk;guk; Kjd;ikahd $whfr; re;ijg;gLj;jypy;
cs;sjhy;> Mzhjpf;fj; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpik fl;likg;G ngz;iz
tpsk; g uj; jsj; J f; F s; juk; j ho; j ; j pAs; s J. ghypay; elj; i j
nrhj;Jhpik topapy; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l Nghf;fpy; Vw;gl;l nrhj;jpog;ghy;>
ghypay; tpsk;gu cj;jpahfpaJ. Mz; - ngz;zpd; GzHr;rpf;F
EfHTg;gz;lq;fs;> tpsk;gu cj;jpfs; Kd;epge;jidahfpAs;sd.
,itfs; xUtiu xUtH NjHe;njLg;gjpy; jPHf;fkhfTk;> GzHr;rpapy;
thq;FtJ nfhLg;gJk; vd;w tiuaiwf;Fs; ghypay;> FLk;g cwTfs;
khwpAs;sd> khWfpd;wd.
rpyhplk; Ftpe;j nrhj;Jhpik vd;gJ gyhplk; nrhj;Jhpikiag;
gwpj; J cUthFk; tsHr; r papy; > FLk; g k; rpijfpd; w NghJ
nrhj;Jhpikahy; jLj;J epWj;jptplKbatpy;iy. nrhj;Jhpikahy;
fl;bf; fhf;fg;gl;l FLk;gk; jdf;Fs; nfhz;bUe;j fhjy;> md;G
Nghd;w czHTfs; cwTfis vy;yhk;> nrhj;Jhpik
mgfhpg;Gf;Fs;shFk;NghJ> rk;ge;jg;gl;ltHfs; jdpr;nrhj;Jhpikapd;
[dehafj;ijr; Rje;jpuj;ij caHj;Jk;NghJ jfHe;J Nghfpd;wJ.
jdpr;nrhj;JhpikAk; mjd; [dehafr; Rje;jpuKk; vg;NghJk; md;G>
fhjy;> ghpT> ,uf;fk;> cjtp Nghd;w vy;yhtw;iwAk; kWj;J>
rKjhaj;jpd; mjpfhuj;ij xl;Lz;zpahff; ifg;gw;Wtjhy;> mjpy;
thOk; nrhj;Jhpikia ,oe;j kf;fs; jdpr;nrj;Jhpikg; gz;ghL
fyhr;rhu [dehafj;jpy; rpf;fp md;G> fhjy;> ghpT> el;G.... vd
midj; i jAk; ,oe; J > Mz; - ngz; - Foe; i j cwTfs;
EfHTf;Fl;gl;l gz;lg; Nghf;fhf khwptpl;ld> khWfpd;wd.
gp. ,uahfud;
033
ngz; vg;gb mbikahdhs;?

ng z;fs;
Mzhjpf;fj;Jf;F vjpuhd Nghuhl;lj;ijg; ngz;

xLf; F Kiwapy; ,Ue; N j njhlq; f pdH. Kjy; Ntiyg; g phptpid
MZf;Fk; ngz;Zf;Fk; Vw;gl;lNghJ ngz; mbikj;jdKk;> Kjy;
tHf;fr; Ruz;lYk; ngz;Zf;F vjpuhf Vw;gl;lJ. me;j ehs;KjNy
ngz;zpd; Nghuhl;lk; Mzhjpf;fj;Jf;F vjpuhfj; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ.
Muk;gj;jpy; ngz; - Mz; rhHe;j rKjhag; Nghuhl;lk; vd;gJ
,aw;iff;Fk;> kw;iwa caphpdj;JlDk; capH tho;tjw;fhdjhfg;
ngz;zpd; jiyikapyhd Nghuhl;lkhf ,Ue;jJ. ,jd; gpd;dhy;
Foe;ijapd; capH tho;jypd; ghJfhg;G fUjp> ngz;fs; jkJ
Foe;ijfSld; ghJfhg;G ,lj;jpy; jq;fp jw;fhg;gpy; epw;f> ngz;
kw;Wk; Foe;ijfs; mw;w Mz;fs; Ntl;ilahlTk; czT Nrfhpf;fr;
nrd;w tuyhw;wpy;> cztpd; chpikiaAk;> cghpiaAk; jdjhff;
fz;l Mz;> mijg; ngz;Zf;F epge;jidf;F cs;shf;fp nfhLf;fj;
njhlq;fpdhd;. mj;Jld; Ntl;ilf;Fr; nrd;w Mz; jdJ nghUshjhu
Mjpf;fj;jhYk;> nghUshjhu> gz;ghl;Lf; fyhr;rhuj;jhYk;> ngz;zpd;
gzpfis Mz; tiuaWf;fj; njhlq;fpdhd;.
tPl;by; ,Ue;j ngz;> Foe;ij guhkhpg;Gf;F ntspapy; Rw;Wr;
#oiy Muhaf; fw; W f; nfhz; L Gjpa czT Mjhuq; f isf;
fz;lwpe;jhs;;. ,jd; %yk; czT Nrfhpg;igg; ngz; njhlq;fpa
tuyhw;wpy; ePz;l> nkJthf khwpa gy Mapuk; tUlq;fs; Mz; ngz; mrkj;Jtk; mjpf ,ilntspapd;wp efHe;jJ. gpd;dhy; kdpjr;
rKjha tsHr;rpAld; $ba nghUshjhu Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;> Mzpd;
cghpia cUthf;fTk; ngz;izg; nghUshjhu Mjhukw;w [lkhfTk;
Mf;fpaJ. nghUshjhu Mjpf;fk; cs;s gphpT Mjpf;fr; r%fkhfTk;>
nghUshjhu Mjpf;fk; mw;w gphpT mz;b thOk; gphpthfTk; rKjha
,af;fk; khwpr;nrd;wJ. mjhtJ vy;NyhUk; jkJ czitg; Nghuhbg;
ngw;w kdpj tho;Tf;fhd epge;jidfs;> Mz; - ngz;izr; rk
034
gp. ,uahfud;
kjpg;Gs;s [Ptdhf> czTg; Nghuhl;lr; r%f muzhf ,Ue;jJ.

$l;L tho;T ,y;iy vd;why; ngz;Zk; rhp> MZk; rhp capH
thoNt KbahJ vd;w ,aw;ifapd; epajp> ngz;zpd; Foe;ijg;
gpwg; i gf; $l ,aw; i fapd; tho; T f; f hd xU epge; j idahf
,Ue;jJ.
kdpjd; ,aw;ifapy; capH tho;tjw;fhd czTg;
Nghuhl;lj;jpy;> $l;Lr; rKjhaj;Jf;F ntspapy; jdpegHfs; czitr;
Nrfhpf;fTk; kpjkpQ;rpa czitg; ngWfpd;w ciog;ghw;wypd; gyk;>
jdJ cw;gj;jp rhHe;j cghp kPjhd cztpd; chpik gw;wpa
Nfhhpf; i fia cUthf; F fpd; w J. ,J gytP d khd gphpTfSf; F
kWg; g jpy; jdJ chpikiag; giwrhw; w paJ. ,J ngz; f spd;
,dg;ngUf;fk;> Foe;ijfspd; ghJfhg;Gf;fhf czT Nrfhpg;gpy;
,Ue;J kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l NghJ> NkYk; ngz;zpdJk; Foe;ijapdJk;
czTf;fhf Mizr; rhHe;jpUf;f epHge;jpf;fg;gl;ldH;. MNzh jdJ
czT vd;w jdpegH Rje;jpu [dehafthjj;ij Kjd;ikg;gLj;jp>
$l;Lf;F vjpuhd fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; mij kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l tifapy;
epge;jidf;F cl;gLj;jp tpepNahfpf;f Kw;gl;lhd;.
,e;j Mz; vd;w jdpkdpjdpd; cghp tsHr;rp ngw> mijj;
jdJ epge;jidf;Fl;gl;l> tpUk;gpa ngz;Zf;Ff; nfhLf;f Kw;gl;lhd;.
,jd; tsHr;rp vd;gJ Fwpj;j ngz;Zld; mjpfkhd <LghLk;> Fwpj;j
ngz; me;j Mizr; rhHe;J tho;tJk; mjpfhpj;jJ. ,e;j epiyapy;
Mz; jdf;Fg; gpd; cghpia ahhplk; xg;gilg;gJ vd;w Nfs;tpapy;
jdf;fhd thhpRfisj; njhpT nra;j Nghf;fpy;> jdJ ,uj;jj;jpd;
Neub chpj;njhd;iw (,ij tpQ;Qhd hPjpahf my;y. mDgt hPjpahf
Mz; - ngz; z pd; ,izT Foe; i jia cw; g j; j p nra; t ijf;
fhz;fpd;whd;.) cUthf;f tpUk;gpdhd;. ,jw;fhfj; jdJ cghpia
epge;jidf;Fl;gl;l tifapy; toq;fpa Nghf;fpy;> xU ngz;izj;
jdJ thhpRf;fhfr; nrhj;jhf;FtJ ,yFthf ,Ue;jJ. ,e;jg;
ngz;zpd; kPjhd Mjpf;fk;> mg;ngz; %yk; Mz; ngw;w Foe;ij
thhpRfs;> xUjhukzf; FLk;gj;ij cUthf;fpaJ. ,ij ,yFthf;f
ngz; kPjhd Mzpd; nfhûj;jdkhd ghypay; Ntl;ifapy; ,Ue;J
jg;gpj;Jf; nfhs;s ngz; xU Mizj; NjHe;njLg;gJ ghJfhg;ghf
,Ue;jJ. ngz;zpd; ,e;jj; jw;fhg;igr; rhjfkhfg; gad;gLj;jpdhd;.
mJTk; rKjhaj;jpy; mjpfkhd cghpia cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; Mzpd;
gp. ,uahfud;
035
mjpfhuk; ngz; z pd; czitAk; > ghJfhg; i gAk; toq; f pa

rKjhaj;jpy;> ngz;iz Mzpd; nrhj;jhf;FtJ ,yFthf;fpaJ.
,J ,ay;gpy; Vw;gl tuyhW vq;Fk;> Mjpf;fg; nghUshjhug; gphpTfspd;
gz;ghL - fyhr;rhuk; vg;gb eilKiwahdNjh> mNjNghy; midj;J
kf;fs; ,dj;jpYk; xUjhu kzk; cUthdJ. ,e;j xUjhukzk;
Mzpd; thhpir cUthf; f Tk; > Mizf; ftdpj; J f; nfhs; S k;
epge;jidf;Fs; Mz; czT mspf;f Kd;te;jhd;.
nghUshjhu Mjpf;fj;ijf; nfhz;l gphpTf;F eypTw;w gphpT
Nrit nra;tJNghy; ngz;zpd; Nrit MZf;F epge;jidahfpaJ.
mbikfs; mbikAilikahsDf;F ciog;igf; nfhLj;jNghJ
mq;F Rje;jpuk; kWf;fg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; ciog;igr; Rje;jpukhf
tpw;wNghJ mtd; etPd mbikahfp> mNj nrhj;Jila tHf;fj;Jf;Nf
,d;Wtiu Nrit nra;fpd;whd;. ,JNghy; ngz; Muk;gj;jpy; Neubahf
Mzpd; mbikahf ,Ue;jJ khwp> ,d;W Rje;jpuk; ngw;w etPd
mbikahf ,Uf;fpd;whs;;. ,e;j ciog;G kw;Wk; ngz;zbikj;jdk;
tof;fk;Nghy; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; kPjhd fhl;bf; nfhLg;Gfs;> Rje;jpuj;jpd;
gpd;dhd ek;gpf;iffspy;jhd; vg;NghJk; epfo;fpd;wJ. ,jpy; ,Ue;Jjhd;
jphpGthjg; ngz;zpaf; Nfhl;ghLfs; Mzhjpf;f topapy; ngz;zpaf;
Nfh\j;jpy; cjpHj;njOfpd;wJ.
ciog;ig ,aw;ifapd; kPJ gad;gLj;jpaNghJ capH thOk;
Nghuhl;lj;jpy; ngz; ,ay;gpy; MZld; gq;fpl;Lf; nfhz;l czT
vd;gJ> nghUshjhu tsHr;rpahy; jdpkdpjd; cghp cw;gj;jp nra;j
NghJ ngz;Zf;F kWg;ghf khwpaJ. nghUshjhuj;jpy; Vw;gl;l
fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; vy;yhk;> mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;gpYk; Vw;gLk; gf;ftpisT
Nghy; ,J ngz;iz Kjypy; mbikg;gLj;jpaJ. gpd;dhy; ,J
Ruz;ly; Clhf tHf;fr; rKjhaj;ij cUthf;fp> gy $Wfshf
tsHr;rp ngw;Ws;sJ. ,e;j Mzpd; Mjpf;fk; gz;ghL - fyhr;rhug;
Nghf;Ffis> Mjpf;fg; nghUshjhu ntspg;ghLfis cs;thq;fpa
rKjhakhf khw;wpaJ.
tHf; f mbikg; g Lj; j y; ngz; z pdkhf ,Uf; f > Kjy; tHf; f g;

Nghuhl;lk; ngz;zpdj;jhy; elj;jg;gl;lJ. Kjy; kdpjDf;fpilapyhd
Nghuhl;lk; Mzhjpf;fj;Jf;F vjpuhdjhf ,Ue;jJ. md;W njhlq;fpa
Nghuhl;lk; ngz; epWj;jptpl Kbahj tifapy;> ngz; nghUshjhug;
gykw;wtshf cs;sJld;> epyTk; Mzhjpf;fj;Jld; NrHe;J ngz;
EfHTg; gz;lkhf khw;wg;gl;l xU ftHr;rpg; nghUshf> ,e;jr; r%fg;
nghUshjhu> gz;ghl;L - fyhr;rhuj; jsk; njhlHfpd;wJ. ngz;zpd;
Nghuhl;lk; Muk;gk; KjNy xl;L nkhj;j jPHTf;Fg; gjpy; rYiffisg;
ngWtJ> jf; f itg; g J> mjpy; ,Ue; J Kd; N dWtJ vdj;
njhlq;fpaJ.
,d;W Kjyhspj;Jtr; r%fj;jpy; [dehaff; Nfhhpf;iffis
Kd;itj;J> jd;id ,e;j Mzhjpf;fj;Jf;Fs; jplg;gLj;Jk; Nghf;F
,ay;ghdjhf cs;sJ. Mzhjpf;fr; r%fk; vt;tsTf;F vt;tsT
mbikj; j dKk; #iwahLk; Nghf; f py; ,aw; i ff; F vjpuhdNjh>
me;jsTf;F Mzhjpf;fj;Jf;Fs; ngz; ngWk; NghJ mr;rYiffSk;
kpfTk; Nkhrkhdjhf khWfpd;wJ. ngz; vg;gb mbikahdhs; vd;w
Nfs;tpfs; tpl;Lr; nry;Yk; jPHTfs; ngz;iz Mzhjpf;fj;jpy;
,Ue;J kPl;fTk;> Miz Mzhjpf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;j ,aw;if rhHe;j
ngz;zpd; epiyf;F Nkyhfj; juk; caHj;jTk; NghuhLk;> kdpj
tuyhw;iwf; fw;Wf; nfhs;tJ kl;LNk ,e;j Mzhjpf;fj;Jf;F
Kbitf; fl;Lk;.
ngz; jdf;F kWf;fg;gl;l czT Kjy;> Mz; jdf;fhd

thhpirf; Nfhhp ngz;izg; ghypay; mbikahf;fpaJ Kjy;> Mzpd;
ghypay; Ntl;iff;F vjpuhf> epiyj;J thoj; njhlq;fpa vy;yh
kdpj ,dj;Jf;Fs; njhlq;fpa Kjy; Nghuhl;l tbtkhFk;;. Kjy;
036
gp. ,uahfud;
gp. ,uahfud;
037
Muhag;gl;lJ. ,e;jg; gphpTfs; kdpj ciog;gpy; rpy fz;Lgpbg;GfSk;
mijnahl;ba Gul;rpapy; Vw;gl;l ghhpa khw;wj;ijAk; mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;L tFf;fg;gl;lJ.
1.fhl;Lkpuhz;b epiy (10 ,yl;rk; tUlq;fs; ePbj;jd)> (FOkzk;)
2.mehfhpf epiy (8000 tUlq;fs; nfhz;lit)> (,izkzk;)
3.ehfhpf epiy (3000 tUlq;fs; nfhz;lit)> (xUjhukzk;)
GzHr; r pAk; FLk; g Kk;

vjhHj;jj;jpy; ,d;W epytptUk; epyg;gpuGj;Jtf; FLk;gk; kw;Wk;
Vfhjpgj;jpaf; FLk;gk; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; rpijTfisNa tuyhw;wpd;
njhlHr;rpahfg; ghHj;jy;> tpsf;Fjy; njhlHfpd;wJ. rhjhuz kf;fsplk;
,g;gbg;gl;l tpsf;fk; ,Ue;jhy; mijg; Nghuhl;lj;jpD}lhf khw;w
KbAk;. Mdhy; r%f mf;fiwia ntspapLgtHfSk; ,jd; ghjpg;gpy;
ePbf;fpd;wdH. Gul;rpf;fhf ,aq;Fk; Gul;rpfuf; fl;rpfspy; $l gpd;jq;fpa
kf;fs; $l;lq;fSf;Fs; Ntiy nra;a nry;fpd;wNghJ> mq;F ,d;Dk;
epytptUk; FOkzq;fs; Nghd;w my;yJ mjd; vr;rr; nrhr;rj;ij
mehfhpfkhfg; ghHg;gJk;> mjd; ey;y gz;Gfis Mzhjpf;fr; r%ff;
fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; jpUj;j Kw;gLtJ fhzKbfpd;wJ.
Vfhjpgj;jpag; gz;ghl;bid tpkHrdhPjpahf mZFk;NghJ
tiuKiwaw;w GzHr;rp tpgr;rhukhf ,Ug;gij vjpHj;J NghuhLk;NghJ>
Mjp FLk;gj;jpd; vr;rr; nrhr;rkhd ey;y gz;GfisAk; tpgr;rhukhfg;
ghHf;Fk; jtwhd murpay; Nghf;Ffs;> ghhpa murpay; jtWfis
topelj;Jfpd;wJ. Mjp FLk;gq;fspd; vr;rr; nrhr;rq;fspy; ePbf;Fk;
ngz;zpd; [dehafj;ijg; Ghpe;J nfhs;tJk;> ghypay; tf;fpuj;jpy;
,Ue;j NtWgl;l ,aw;ifapd; NjHthd Mz; - ngz; cwTfspd;
jd;ikiar; RtPfhpj;Jf; nfhz;L> mjd; ey;y gz;Gfis nkhj;j
rKjhaj;Jf;F vLj;Jr; nry;y Ntz;bAs;sJ.
,e;j tifapy; GzHr;rp kw;Wk; FLk;gj;ij xl;b RUf;fkhfg;
ghHf;f Vq;nfy;rpd; FLk;gk;> jdpr;nrhj;J> muR vd;w khHf;rpa
E}ypy; ,Ue; J ,ij tpsf; f Kw; g Lfpd; N wd; . ,e; j E}y; f s;
njhlHghff; $Wk;NghJ Vq;nfy;rpd; E}y; ngz;zpa mbikj;jdj;ij
tHf;ff; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; Ma;T nra;j kpfr; rpwe;j E}yhFk;;.
,jw;F <L ,izahf ve;j Ma;T E}Yk; ntspte;J tpltpy;iy.
khHf;rpathjpfs; jkJ Nfhl;ghLfs;> eilKiwfis ,jid
Mjhukhff; nfhz;L ngz;zpaj;ij NkYk; tsHj;njLf;fpd;wdH.
kdpjdpd; Njhw;wj;ijAk; mijj; njhlHe;J rKjhaj;ij %d;W
fl;lq;fshf tFj;J mjw;Fs; cl;gphpTfisAk; nfhz;Nl r%fk;
038
gp. ,uahfud;
1. fhl;Lkpuhz;b epiy
(FOkzk;)
m. filf;fl;lk;
(mz;zsthf 100 my;yJ 60 ,yl;rk; tUlk; Kjy; xU ,yl;rk;
tUlq;fs; tiu ePbj;j fhyk;)
,J kdpjdpd; Foe;ijg;gUtk;. ntg;g kw;Wk; miu ntg;g
kz; l yj; j py; tho; e ; j kdpjd; kuq; f spy; jdJ trpg; g plj; i jf;
nfhz;bUe;jhd;. goq;fs;> nfhl;il> fpoq;F Nghd;wd mtdpd;
czthf ,Ue;jJ. Xirr; rPUs;s Ngr;R mike;jNj mtdpd;
rhjidahFk;;. ,d;W mg;gb ve;jr; r%fKk; ,y;iy. gy;yhapuk;
Mz;Lfshf ,e;j epiy ePbj;jJ.
M. ,ilf;fl;lk;
(mz;zsthf xU ,yl;rk; Kjy; 35 Mapuk; tUlq;fs; tiu ePbj;jJ.)
neUg;G fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ. ePH rhHe;j czTfisg; gad;gLj;j
njhlq;fpaJk;> mij neUg;igf; nfhz;L czthf;f Kbe;jJ.
neUg;G> kdpjidr; Rje;jpukilar; nra;jJ. fly; kw;Wk; Mw;iwg;
gpd;gw;wp kdpjd; cyfpd; gygug;Gfis Nehf;fp efHe;J gutKbe;jJ.
fuLKulhd gl; i l jP l ; l hj MAjq; f s; > fw; f Utpfs; ,f; f hyf;
fl;lj;ijr; NrHe;jit. ,it vy;yh fz;lq;fspYk; rpjwpf; fplg;gJ
fz; L gpbf; f g; g l; L s; s J. ,e; j MAjq; f is Ntl; i lf; F g; gad;
gLj; j pajd; %yk; ,iwr; r pia cz; z Kbe; j J. xUf; f hYk;
,iwr;rpia kl; L k
k; czthff; nfhz;l r%fk; ,Ue;jjpy;iy.
KOikahf cz; z ,iwr; r p fpilj; j jpy; i y. mNjNghy;
mijailAk; topAk; kdpjdplk; ,Ue;jjpy;iy. fpoq;Ffisr; RLtJ
Nghd;w tifapy; jhtu czTfisNa rhHe;J ,Uj;jy; ePbj;jJ.
nrd;w E}w;whz;by; M];jpNuypaHfs;> NghypdPaHfs; ,e;jf; fl;lj;jpy;
tho;e;J te;jdH.
gp. ,uahfud;
039
,. jiyf;fl;lk;
(;mz;zsthf 35 Mapuk; Kjy; 10 Mapuk; tUlq;fs; tiu ePbj;jJ.)
fhy;eil tsHg;G> mijnahl;ba ,lg;ngaHr;rpfis Nka;r;ry; epyk;

rhHe;J efHjy; ,f;fl;lj;jpd; nghJthd epiyahf ,Ue;jJ.
mk; G k; tpy; Y k; fz; L gpbf; f g; g l; l epiyapy; ,iwr; r p

njhlHr;rpahff; fpilj;j fhyj;ijf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ. fpuhkq;fis
mikj;J jq;Fk; Muk;g epiyapy; ,f;fl;lk; ,Ue;jJ. kuj;jhy;
nra; j fyaq; f s; > rhkhd; f s; > ehhpypUe; J iftpuyhy; gpd; d pa
Jzpfs;> ehH> ehzy; Gy; nfhz;L gpd;dpa $ilfs;> gl;il jPll
; g;gl;l
fw; f Utpfs; > neUg; G > fw; N fhlhp nfhz; L kuj; i jf; File; J
Xlk; cUthf; f pa fhykhFk; ; . ,it nrd; w E}w; w hz; b y;
Nkw;F mnkhpf;fh nrt;tpe;jpahpilNa njhlHtijf; fhzf;$bajhf
,Ue;jJ.
,. jiyf;fl;lk;
2. mehfhpf epiy
(8000 tUlq;fs; ePbj;jd.) (,izkzk;)
m. filf;fl;lk
k;
kz; ; g hz; l k; cUthf; f pg; gad; g Lj; j paJ> $ilfs; > kug;
ghj;jpuk; Mfpatw;wpf;F neUg;gpy; vhpahj tifapy; fspkz; G+rpajpy;
njhlq;Ffpd;wJ. ,J mNefkhf vy;yh ,lj;jpYk; epfo;e;Js;sJ.
,jd; gpd;dhy; fsp kz;zhy; kl;Lk; cUthf;fg;gl;l kz;ghz;lk;
fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;j fhyj;jpy;jhd; fpof;F-Nkw;F Mfpa ,U
fz;lq;fSf;fpilapyhd ,aw;if NtWghL kdpjidg; ghjpf;fj;
njhlq;Ffpd;wJ. mehfhpff; fhyj;jpy; kpUfq;fisg; gof;Fjy;>
tsHj; j y; > gaphpLjy; Mfpait njhlq; F fpd; w d. ,f; f hyj; j py;
,aw;if rhHe;j NtWghLfs; cw;gj;jpapd; NtWghl;Lld;> gz;ghl;Lf;
fyhr;rhu eilKiwfs; NtWglj; njhlq;Ffpd;wJ.
M. ,ilf;fhyk
hyk;
fpof;Ff; fz;lj;jpy; kpUfj;ijg; gof;Ftjpy; ,J
njhlq;Ffpd;wJ. ,f;fhyj;jpy; ePHg; ghrdj;jpd; %yk; rhFgb nra;tJ
njhlq;fpaJ. #hpa xsp %yk; nrq;fw;fs; nra;tJk; mjd; %yk;
fl; b lk; fl; L tJk; ,f; f hyj; j py; njhlq; F fpd; w J. INuhg; g paH
Mf; f pukpg; G nra; A k; tiu Nkw; F f; fz; l j; j py; ,e; j epiyNa
njhlHe;jJ. nrt;tpe;jpaiu nts;isapdj;jtH fz;Lgpbj;jNghJ
mehfhpf epiyapd; filf;fl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;jdH. cyfpd; gy ,dq;fs;
040
gp. ,uahfud;
,J ,Uk; G f; fdpia cUf; F tjpy; njhlq; F fpd; w J.

vOj; J f; f isf; fz; L gpbj; j y; > ,yf; f pa Mtzq; f Sf; F g;
gad; g Lj; j Yld; ehfhpf epiy Njhw; w k; ngWfpd; w J. ,e; j f;
fl;lj;ijf; fpof;Ff; Nfhsj;jhH kl;LNk ,aw;ifahff; fle;jdH.
,f; f hyj; j py; j hd; khL ,Of; F k; fyg; i g gad; g Lj; j g; g l; l J.
,f;fhyj;jpy; kl;LNk Njitahd czitr; Nrfhpf;fTk;> ,yFthf
cOJ gaphplTk; Kbe;jjhy; Ie;J ,yl;rk; kf;fis xU jiyikapd;
fPo; mzpjpul;lTk; Kbe;jJ.
GzHr; r pAk; FLk; g Kk; > rKjha tsHr; r papd; NtWgl; l
epiyikfspy;> NtWgl;l Nghf;fpy; fz;lq;fSf;Fk;> ehLfSf;Fk;>
rpWgpuNjrq;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; $l khWgl;L ,Ue;Js;sJ. ,e;j
tsHr;rpapd; Nghf;fpy; rKjha tbtq;fspd; tsHr;rpfs; nghJthf
xNu jd;ikahd Nghf;fpy; tsHr;rp ngw;wJ vd;gJ> kdpjdpd;
nghJthd ciog;gpd; kPjhd cw;gj;jp Kiwfspd; kPJ ntspg;gl;lJ.
,e; j g; nghJthd cw; g j; j pj; jd; i kapy; ntspg; g l; l rKjha
tpisTfs;> cw;gj;jpia te;jile;j ,aw;ifapd; NtWghl;Lld;>
NtWgl;l gz;ghl;Lf; fyhr;rhuq;fs; ntspg;gl;ld.
,e; j ,lj; j py; j hd; nkhop$l> xU nghUis ntt; N tW
nrhw; f spd; Clhf milahsg; g Lj; J tjd; %yk; NtWgl; l jhf
cUthdJ. r%f Ntiyg;gphptpidAk;> jdpr;nrhj;JhpikAk; ve;jf;
fhyj;jpd; Clhfr; rKjhak; te;jile;j NghJk;> mtw;why; cUthd
Mzhjpf;fj; jd;ik NtWgl;l fyhr;rhug; gpd;dzpfSld; nghJj;
jd;ik tha;e;jjhf cs;sJ.
,e;j tifapy; GzHr;rpiaAk;> FLk;gj;jpd; Njhw;wj;ijAk;
Muha;Nthk;;. r%fk; fPo;epiyapy; ,Ue;J nky;y Nky;; epiyf;F
Kd;NdWk;NghJ FLk;gKk; fPo;epiy tbtj;jpy; ,Ue;J Nky;epiyf;F
Kd;Ndw Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; ,J epfo;tjp;y;iy. nrd;w E}w;whz;bYk;>
,d;Wk; nrt;tpe;jpaH KOf;fTk;> ,e;jpa MjpFbfspYk;> jf;fhzg;
gpuNjrj;jpYk;> jpuhtpl kw;Wk; jkpoHfs; kj;jpapYk; ,uj;j cwit
(khkh> kfs;> kfd;> kUkfd;> rpj;jg;gh> khkp> mj;ij> kr;rhs;......)
xNu khjphpahff; Fwpf; F k; ,UE}Wf; F Nkw; g l; l nrhw; f Sk; >
flikfSk; fhl;Lkpuhz;b kw;Wk; mehfhpf epiyapy; khw;wk; ,d;wp
gp. ,uahfud;
041
epytpaJ. ,e; j g; Nghf; f py; khw; w q; f s; epfo; t J vd; g J

rhj;jpakw;wjhfTk;> FLk;gk; jPtpu khw;wj;ij mile;j epiyfspy;
kl;LNk khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;jpaJ. ,jw;F Kw;wpYk; NtWgl;ltbtk;
Mg; g phpf; f h kw; W k; M]; j pNuypahtpy; cs; s J. ,q; F xUjhu
kzj;Jf;F Ke;jpa ,izf; FLk;gk; my;yJ nghpa je;ij topf;
(rpy ,lj;jpy; jha; topf; FLk;gk;) FLk;gk;> gyjhu kztbtq;fspNy
fhzf;$bajhf ,Ue;Js;sJ.
,e;j cwTKiwf;F Kd;G tuyhw;wpy; rpy Foe;ijfSf;F
je;ijaH-jha;khH vd;w tbtk; ,Ue;Js;sJ. rNfhjud;-rNfhjhp cl;gl
,tHfs; je;ijAk; jhAkhf ,Ue;Js;sdH. ,e;jKiw kughdJ
FLk;gk; gw;wpa tiuaiwiaj; jPtpukhf kWf;fpd;wJ. epyTfpd;w
FLk;gq;fshd jdpg;gl;l Mzpd; gy ngz; kzKiw> jdpg;gl;l
ngz;zpd; gy Mz; kzKiwAk;> xUjhu kzKiwAk; kl;LNk
vjhHj;jj;jpy; milahsk; fhz;gjhy; ,J kl;LNk ePbj;jpUe;jd
vd kuGthjk; tpjpe;Jiuf;fpd;wJ. ,ijg; gpujpgypj;J mjpfhu
mikg;Gk;> gz;ghl;Lf; fyhr;rhu> kjthj tpOkpaq;fis kPwpAk;
,it epfo; f pd; w NghJ nksdk; rhjpf; f pw my; y J mij
xOf;fj;Jf;Fs;shf;fpj; jz;lidf;Fs;shf;Ffpd;wJ.
Mdhy; G+HtPfr; r%fj;jpy; Mz;fs; gy kidtp KiwiaAk;>
ngz;fs; gy fztd; KiwiaAk; nfhz;bUe;jdH. ,q;F Foe;ijfs;
nghJtpy; ,Ue;jdH. Foe;ijf;Fj; je;ijia ahH vdj; njhpahJ>
Mdhy; jhiaj; njhpe;jpUe;jJ. ,e;jf; FLk;gj;jpy; njhlq;fpa gy
gha;r;rypd; njhlHr;rpapy;jhd; ,d;W cs;s xUjhuf; FLk;g mikg;G
cUthdJ. nghJthd kzk; vd;w tphpe;j tl;lk; RUq;fp xU N[hb
vd;w epiyf;F ,d;W RUq;fpAs;sJ.
,e;j epiyf;F Ke;jpa Mjp rKjhaj;jpy; tiuKiwaw;w
GzHr;rp epfo;e;jJ. ,q;F xt;nthU ngz;Zk;> xt;nthU MZk;
rk mstpy; xUtUf;F xUtH nrhe;jkhf ,Ue;jdH. ,e;j tplaj;ij
kWg;gJk;> ,e;j mtkhdj;jpy; ,Ue;J ,d;iwa xOf;fthjpfs;
ntsptuTk;> ,ij kWg;gjpy; midj;J mjpfhu tbtq;fisAk;
ifahsg; gpd;epw;ftpy;iy.
,ij kWf; f kpUfq; f is Mjhug; g Lj; J tJ nghJthd
gz; g hfpaJ. Mdhy; kpUq; f spd; tiuKiwaw; w GzHr; r p $l
mitfspd; fPo;epiyf; fl;lj;Jf;FhpaJ. Mjpfhy tho;f;iff;fhd
Mjhuj;ij KOikapy; epWt Kbatpy;iy.
042
gp. ,uahfud;
KJnfYk;G kpUfq;fspd; ePz;l N[hb tho;f;ifia mjd;

cly; $Wfspy; ,Ue;J tpsf;fKbAk;. ngz; gwit milfhf;Fk;
fhyj;jpy; N[hb mtrpakhfpd;wJ. gwitapdj;ijf; nfhz;L kdpj
,dj; i j ep&gpf; f Kay; t J jtwhdJ. Vnddpd; kdpjd;
gwitapdj;jpy; ,Ue;J Njhd;wtpy;iy.
kpUf ,dj;ij vLj;jhy; mtw;wpy; midj;J tbtq;fSk;
,Ug;gij ehk; fhzKbAk;. Mdhy; gy fztd; Kiw kl;Lk;
fpilahJ. vk; neUq;fpa ehd;F tif Fuq;F ,dj;jpy; $l vy;yh
tbt ,izTfSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. kpUfj;jpYk; ghHf;f ke;ij
cd;djkhd r%ff; FOthf ,Ug;gjhy; mjw;Fs; FLk;gj;ijf;
nfhz;Ls;sJ Nghy; njhpfpd;wJ. FLk;gKk; ke;ijAk; NeH vjpH
Kuz;ghl;by; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ke;ij vz;zpf;ifahy; tsHe;jhy;
FLk;gk; RUq;Ffpd;wJ. FLk;gk; ngUj;jhy; ke;ij vz;zpf;ifahy;
RUq; F fpd; w J. GzHr; r p fhyj; j py; Mz; ke; i jfspy; ,Uf; F k;
nghwhik $b thOk; ke;ijiaf; fl;Lj;jsur; nra;fpd;wJ my;yJ
jw; f hypfkhff; fiye; J tpLfpd; w J. mjhtJ GzHr; r p vq; N f
,Wf;fkhf ,Uf;fpd;wNjh mq;Nf ke;ijfs; mUfp tpLfpd;wd. vq;Nf
GzHr;rp RNal;irahf my;yJ gyjhu kz epfo;thf> tpjpahf
,Uf;fpd;wNjh mq;Nf ,ay;ghfNt ke;ij NrHe;J ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
,jdhy; jhd; ke;ijahfr; NrHe;J thOk; gwit ,dj;ij fhz;gJ
mhpJ. Mdhy; kpUfj; j py; ke; i jahfr; NrHe; J tho; t ijf;
fhzKbfpd;wJ.
caHe;j> KJnfYk;G cs;s ghY}l;b kpUfj;jpy; gyjhukzk;>
,izkzk; Mfpa ,uz; L tbtq; f Ns ,Uf; f pd; w d. ,t; t puz; L
tbtj;jpYk; xNu taJ te;j Mz; - xNu fztHjhd; mDkjpf;fg;gl
KbAk;. Mzpd; nghwhik FLk;gj;jpd; ge;jj;ijAk;
rr;ruTf;Fs;shf;Ffpd;wJ. ,J GzHr;rpf; fhyj;jpy; fiye;Jk;>
kw;iwa epiyapy; NrHe;Jk; tho;tJ Kf;fpakhd tplakhfptpLfpd;wJ.
,d; W s; s kpUff; FLk; g j; J f; F k; > Mjpfhy kdpjf;
FLk;gj;Jf;Fk; ,it nghUj;jkw;wit vd;gijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
Vnddpd; ,d;W ,Uf;Fk; kpUff; FLk;gj;ij tpl VNjh xU FLk;gk;
my;yJ mJ gw;wp vJTk; njhpahj epiyapy; kl;LNk kpUfj;jpy;
,Ue;J Njhd;wp nfhz;bUe;j kdpjd; Kd;dhy; ,Ue;jij epWTfpd;wJ.
kdpjf; Fuq;fpy; ,Ue;J khWk; r%f tbtj;jd;ikapy; nrhe;jf;
Foe;ijiaj; jha; ePz;l nrhe;jg; guhkhpg;gpD}lhfg; ghJfhf;Fk;
gp. ,uahfud;
043
tbtk; > kdpjdhf khwpa gbkj; j py; Kf; f pakhd $l; L g; g q; i f

Mw; w paJ. ,aw; i fapy; Fuq; f py; ,Ue; J Njhd; w pa kdpjDf; F
capHtho;tNj Nghuhl;lkhf ,Ue;jJ. czitj; NjlTk;> kw;iwa
tpyq; F fspy; ,Ue; J jg; g p thoTk; xUjhukzf; FLk; g q; f s;
rhj;jpakw;wjhfNt ,Ue;jij ep&gpf;fpd;wJ. $l;lkhf tho;jy;>
vjphpia xd;whf vjpH nfhs;sy; vd;gtw;iwr; rhjpf;f GzHr;rpapy;
tiuKiwaw;w epiy mtrpakhf mbg;gilahf tpsq;fpaJ. vy;yh
Mz;fSk; vy;yhg; ngz;fSf;Fk;>
vy;yhg; ngz;fSk; vy;yh
Mz;fSf;Fk; nrhe;jkhf ,Ue;jdH. ,J kl;Lk; jhd; ,aw;ifapy;
kdpjd; jd;id epiy epWj;jpf; nfhs;sTk;> ghJfhf;fTk; ,Ue;j
xNu epge;jidahFk;;.
,q; F ,d; W k; > khwpte; j r%f epiyikfspy; epytpa
xOf;fq;fs;> fl;Lg;ghLfs; vJTk; md;W ,Ue;jjpy;iy. Mzpd;
nghwhik Nghd; w d mw; w fhyk; ; . nghwhik czHr; r p gpe; j pa
r%fq;fspd; xUtbtk;;. gy;NtW r%fj;jpy; nrd;w E}w;whz;by;
epytpa je;ij kfs; cwTk;> jha; kfd; cwTk;> rNfhju rNfhjhp
cwTk; ,jd; vr;rq;fNs. ,ij KiwNflhd GzHr;rp tbtk; vd;gJ
,d;iwa xOf;fj;jpd;> Nftyj;jpd; fz;Lgpbg;ghf epytpa NghJk;>
gy ehLfspy; mit rKjhaj;jpd; xOf;fkhf ,Ue;jJ. ,f;fhyj;jpy;
jdpj;jdp N[hbfs; NrHe;jpUg;gij ,e;j tiuKiwaw;w GzHr;rp
tbtk; jLj;Jtpltpy;iy.
,jw;fhd Kf;fpa ,yf;fpa Mjhuq;fshf ,e;jpahtpy; Kd;G
gy ghfj;jpy; tho;e;j kf;fspd; epiygw;wpa xU fp.gp. 3-Mk; 4-Mk;
E}w;whz;ilr; NrHe;j E}y; njspthf;Ffpd;wJ. ,uhFy
rhq;fpUj;jpahad; GijnghUs; mfo;tpy; jhNd fz;nlLj;j 3-Mk;
4-Mk; E}w;whz;ilr; NrHe;j 1600 nrq;fl;bfspy; itrhyp nkhopapy;
vOjg;gl;l nrq;fy; E}y;> ngz;fs; mf;fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j ghj;jpuj;ij
tuyhw; W Mtzkhf; f pAs; s J. ,e; j r; nrq; f y; E}y; ghl; d h
kpA+rpaj; j py; jw; N ghJ cs; s J. ,e; j E}ypy; gy; N tW kf; f s;
$l;lj;jpd; jpUkz Kiwfs; gw;wp vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ. tiuKiwaw;w
GzHr;rp Kjy; ,izf;FLk;gk; kw;Wk; xUjhukzk; gw;wpf; $l
ngz;fs; tpthjpg;gijAk;> ngz;fs; Aj;jj;jpYk; r%f ,af;fj;jpYk;
gq;F ngw;wy; kw;Wk; fy;tp fw;wy; vdg; gy MjhuG+Htkhd tuyhw;W
Mtzj;ijg; gjpthf;fpAs;sJ.
ngz;zpak; gw;wpa Nghuhl;lj;jpy; Mzpaj;Jf;F vjpuhf ,e;jr;
nrq;fy; E}y; tuyhw;W Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jJ. NfhNyhr;rpAs;s
044
gp. ,uahfud;
Mzhjpf;fk;> rhjp mlf;FKiwfs;> jdpr;nrhj;Jhpikia kWj;Jg;

Nghuhl> mjpy; khwpte;j gy;NtW r%fq;fisg; gw;wpa tuyhw;W
cz;ik Mtzk;> NghuhLk; kf;fSf;Ff; fpilj;j nghf;fp\khFk;.
Mdhy; ,d;iwa Nghuhl;lj;jpy; ,e;j E}y; Mjhuj;Jf;Ff; $l
gad;gLj;Jtjpy; Gj;jp[Ptpfs; kWg;gJ ,uhFy rhq;fpUj;jpahad;
xU fk; A +dp]; l ; l hfg; NghuhbaJk; > ghHg; g dpa> Vfhjpgj; j pag;
nghUshjhu mikg;igj; jiyfPohf;Fk; Nfhl;ghl;L Mjhuq;fs;>
eilKiwapy; jfHe;J tplf;$lhJ vd;gjhYNk.
iggpis vLj;J MuhAk;NghJ ekf;F ,ijnahl;b
mf; f hyj; J f; F Ke; j pa r%fj; j pd; rpy njhlHr; r pfis ,dk;
fhzKbAk;. kj; 1.22-23> ,ir 7.14 ,y;> ~~fd;dp fUj;jhq;fp xU
kfidg; ngw;nwLg;ghs;|| ,NaRtpd; jha; fd;dpahfNt jpUkzj;Jf;F
ntspapy; Foe; i jiag; ngw; W vLj; j hs; . mJNghy; Ie; J
jiyKiwahf ,NaRtpd; guk; g iu jpUkzj; J f; F ntspapy;
tho;e;jijf; fhl;LtJld; mit jha;topahf milahsk; fhz;gJ
Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mk;rkhFk;. mt;ite;J ngz;fSk; kj;. 1.1-17 ,y;>
KiwNa jhkhH 1.3> uhfhG> &j;J 1.5> ghjj;Nrgh 1.6> khpahs; 1.16
vd milahsk; fhl;lg;gLk; mNjNeuk;> Miz mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;L ngz;topapy; khWgl;l ,NaRtpd; fhy ghypay; elj;ijf;F
khwpte;jijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. mf;fhyj;jpy; ngz;fs; jpUkzj;Jf;Fg;
Gwk; g hfTk; Foe; i jfisg; ngw; w ijAk; > tho; e ; j ijAk; > r%f
mq;fPfhuj;ijf; nfhz;bUe;jijAk; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
,d;W kWthrpg;G vd;w ngahpy; Mzhjpf;fj;ijr; rPHjpUj;jpf;
fhl;l KidAk; midj;J thrpg;GfSk; (,q;F kWthrpg;G vd;gijj;
njhlf;fp mij mKy; nra;tNj gpw;Nghf;F tHf;fk;jhd;. mJ
fle; j fhy midj; J kdpjtpNuhjj; i jAk; kWthrpg; g pd; gpd;
epahag;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. mf;fhy kw;Wk; epfo;fhyj;Jf;NfAhpa kdpj
elj; i jfisAk; > xOf; f j; i jAk; fye; J cUthd gpw; N ghf; F r;
rpe;jidfis> epfo;fhyj;Jf;Nf chpa r%f eyd;fis Kd;epWj;jp
kWthrpg;G nra;fpd;wdH. ,d;W iggpis n[Nfhth Kjy; midj;J
kjg;gphpTk; ,ijr; nra;fpd;wJ. mj;Jld; Nfs;tpfs;> ePq;fs; tpsf;f
KbAkh> vLNfhs;fisAk; $l thrfHfSf;F Kd;itg;gjd; %yk;
jPtpug; gpd;etPdj;Jtthjpfs; Mfpd;wdH. (ghHf;f: jkpo; ntspaPlhd
n[Nfhthtpd; ~tpopj;njO| rQ;rpiffis) ,NaRitg; ngz;zpd;
ez;guhff; fhl;l Kidfpd;wd.
gp. ,uahfud;
045
Mdhy; ,NaRtpd; rpe;jidahy; cUthd fpwp];jt kjk;>

ngz;zpd; fd;dpaw;w tho;f;ifapy; Foe;ij ngWtJ Kjy; xUjhu
kzj;jpd; midj;J kPwYf;Fk;> rpYitapy; miwe;J> neUg;Gf;F
,iuahf;fpa ngz;fspd; vz;zpf;if tuyhW Mtzkhfp tpltpy;iy.
me;jsTf;F vz;z KbahjJ. fpwp];Jtpd; gpwe;j fhyq;fspy;
ngz; jdJ chpikia ,oe;Jte;jijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. kjj;jpd;
%yk; Mzhjpf;f Mjpf;fj;ijf; nfhz;L ngz;iz mlf;fpahs>
jj;Jtg; gyj;ij MZf;F toq;fpaij ehk; vy;yh kf;fspdj;jpYk;
fhzKbAk;;.
Kiwaw;w cwT vd;W Mzhjpf;fk; tiuaWj;jJf;F khwhf
mf;fhyk; ,Ue;jij NkYk; Mjhukhfg; ghHg;Nghk;;. Mjp.38 ,y;>
fdhdpag; n gz; jhkhH NtkhH NtrpAUg; G +z; L jd; fztdpd;
je;ijahfpa A+jhtplk; cwT nfhz;L ,Utiug; ngw;W vLj;jhs;.
&j; J 4.13-22 ,y; > NkhthgpaH ,dj; i jr; rhHe; j tshd &j; J
,];uhNaypd; cld; cwT nfhz;L gps;is ngw;whs;. rhK. 11-12
,y;> vj;ijadhd chpahtpd; kidtp ngrhNg jhtPNjhL cwT
nfhz;L gps;is ngw;whs;. ,e;j cwTfspd; topapy; jhd; ,NaRtpd;
guk;giu cUthdJ. ,NaRtpd; nrhe;jj; jha; fd;dpahfg; ngw;W
vLj;j epiyf;F Mzhjpf;f tpsf;fj;jpid> kjj;jpd; Clhff; fhl;bNa
Mzhjpf;f xUjhu kzj;ij cUthf;f Kbe;jJ. Y}f;. 1.37 ,y;>
~~flTshy; MfhjJ xd;Wkpy;iy|| vd;W $wp ,NaRtpd; gilg;ig
,iwtdpd; nrayhy; fd;dp topapy; epiwNtw;wpajhff;
fhl;lKidfpd;wJ iggps;.
,NaRtpd; jha; FLk;gky;yhj topapy; Foe;ij ngw;wij
Y}f;. 1.34-38 ,y;> khpahs; J}jhplk; ~,J vq;qdk; MFk;? ehNdh>
fztid mwpNad;| vd;whs;. mjw;F thdJ}jH> ~~ghpRj;j Mtp
ck;kPJ tUthH cd;djhpd; ty;yik ck;kPJ epoypLk;. Mjypd;
gpwf;Fk; jpUf;Foe;ij flTSila kfd; vdg;gLk;;. ,Njh> ck;
cwtpdshd vyprngj; J k; KjpHe; j tajpy; xU kfidf;
fUj;jhpj;jpUf;fpwhs;. kyb vdg;gLk; mtSf;F ,J Mwhk; khjk;.
Vnddpd; flTshy; MfhjJ xd;Wkpy;iy.||14 ,e;jf; $w;wpd; gpd;
ehk; Ghpe;J nfhs;sf; $baij mg;gl;lkhff; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. md;W
ngz; gps;isiag; ngwhtpl;lhy; mts; kybjhd;. ,q;F Mz;
kylhf ,Ug;ghd; vd;gJ mwptpaYf;Fg; Gwk;ghdjhf ,Ue;jJ.
MZf;Fk; Foe;ijf;Fk; cs;s njhlHG mwpag;gltpy;iy. ,jpy;
,Ue;Nj vyprngj; fUj;jhpj;jij ,iwtdpd; nrayhf kjpg;gplg;gl;lJ.
Mdhy; vyprngj; NtW MZ}lhf mf;Foe;ijiag; ngw;whs; vd;w
046
gp. ,uahfud;
cz; i kia kiwf; f gpe; j pa fhyj; j py; vOjg; g l; l iggps; >

,iwtidg; nghWg;ghf;fp ngz;zpd; xOf;fj;ijf; NfhUfpd;wJ.
,g;gbj;jhd; ,NaRtpd; jha; fd;dpapy; fUj;jhpg;Gf;Fk; tpsf;f
Ntz;bajhfpd;wJ.
,d;W xU fd;dp jpUkzk; nra;ahky; fUj;jhpj;jhy; mij
,iwtdpd; nray; vd;W $wpd; ,e;j cyfk; ek;Gkh? ,y;iyNa>
mg; n gz; r%fj; j hy; gopthq; f g; g LtJ fle; j epfo; fhy
tuyhwhfTs;sJ. fle;j tuyhw;wpy; kdpjg; ghypay; elj;ij rhHe;j
nghJthd jpUkzj;Jf;Fg; Gwk;ghd ghypay; cwTfisAk;> Foe;ij
gpwg;igAk; ,iwtdpd; mw;Gjkhfr; rpj;jhpj;Jf; fhl;Ltjd; Clhf
,d;iwa kPwiy xOf;f kPwyhff; fhl;b ngz;izj; jz;bf;f
r%fj;jhy; Kbfpd;wJ. Mzpd; ,dg;ngUf;fj; njhlh;G njhpe;jpUf;fhj
r%fj;jpy;> ngz;> gps;is ngwhj epiyapy;> mtis kybahfr;
r%fk; ,dk; fz;lJ. mj;Jld; jha; topapy; Foe;ij milahsk;
fhzg;gl;lJ. ,jpy; ,Ue;J jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik rhHe;J Mzhjpf;fk;
gyk; ngw;wNghJ ngz; top milahsk; fhz;gJ kWf;fg;gl;L>
nrhj;Jf;fspd; njhlHr;rpiag; Ngz tpUk;gp Mz;topapy; Foe;ijia
milahsk; fhz> je; i japd; ngaiug; gad; g Lj; j thhpR
nrhj; J hpikiaf; NfhhpaJ. je; i japd; ngaiuf; Foe; i japd;
milahskhff; fhl;ba fhyj;jpy;> Mz; tpe;jpd; nray;ghl;ilg;
gytpjkhd tifapy; Foe;ij cUthf;fj;jpy; Ghpag;gl;lJ. mjhtJ
xUjhu kzk; Mz; - ngz; GzHr;rpiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;jpa epiyapy;>
ghypay; cwT nfhs; s hj ngz; jha; i kia milahjij
mDgthPjpahf mtjhdpj;j r%fk; Mzpd; gq;if Cfpf;fKbe;jJ.
ngz; tpe;J gfpuq;fkhfr; Rug;gJ fz;Zf;Fj; njhpahj epiyapy;>
Mzpd; tpe;J gfpuq;fkhfj; njhpe;j epiyapy; rpy r%fj;jpy; Mzpd;
tpe;ijg; ngz; milfhj;Nj Foe;ij gpwf;fpd;wJ vd;W mDgthPjpahf
kw; i wa caphpdk; kP j hd mtjhdj; j py; ,Ue; J tpsf; f q; f s;
cUthdJ.
fPo; tpthjpj;Js;s gpwpNjhH gFjpapy; ngz;zpd; khjtplha;
,uj;jj;jpy; Mzpd; tpe;J ciwAk; xU Clfkhfpf; Foe;ij
cz; l hfpd; w J vd; w vLNfhis> md; i wa mwpTj; J iwapd;
tpsf;fkhfpaJ. Gwr; Rw;Wr;#oypy; vJ vjhHj;jkhf cs;sNjh
mij xl;ba kdpjtpsf;fNk Foe;ij cUthf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;jJ.
,jd; %yk; je;ij topg; ngaH Foe;ij kPjhd chpikia cWjp
nra;af; ifahsg;gl;lJ. xU Foe;ijapd; jha; mg;gl;lkhd kWf;f
Kbahj vjhHj;jkhf ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; je;ijapd; jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik
gp. ,uahfud;
047
Clhfr; r%f Mjpf;fj;ij milahsk; fhl;l> Foe;ijapd; ngaH

chpikiaj; jdjhf;fpg; ngz;iz mlf;fpahz;lJ> Ms;fpd;wJ.
,jd; njhlHr;rpapy; ngz;fs; fd;dpahf mjhtJ je;ijapd;wp>
mJ ahH vd;W njhpahj MZld; gps;is ngWtij ,iwtdpd;
nrayhfg; iggps; tUzpj;J> gbg;gbahfg; ngz;zpd; ghypay;
Rje;jpuj;ijf; fl;Lg;gLj;j Kbe;jJ. ,Jjhd; ghz;ltH fijapy;
Fe;jpf;Fk; ele;jJ. me;jtifapy; Mjp. 17.15-22 ,y;> njhz;Z}W
tajhd rhuhs; ,iwtd; mUshy; Foe;ijiag; ngw;whs; vd;fpwJ.
Y}f; 1.5-10 ,y;> kybahd vyprngj;J flTs; mUshy; Foe;ij
ngw;whs; vd;fpwJ.
Y}f; 1.28-38 ,y;> fztid mwpahj khpahs; Foe;ijiag;
ngWfpwhs;. ,g;gb iggpspy; ngz;zpd; ghypay; Rje;jpuj;ijf;
fl;Lg;gLj;j> ,iwtdpd; mUshy; Foe;ij cjpg;gjhfr; r%fj;ij
ek;g itf;fpd;wJ. ,jd; %yk; ,NaRtpd; gpwg;ig Mzhjpf;f
topapy; J}a;ikahf;fTk;> ngz;fspd; ghypay; Rje;jpuj;ij xOf;f
kPwyhf;fTk; iggpshy; fhl;l Kbe;jJ. ,J vy;yh kjj;ijg; NghyTk;
md;iwa ngz;zpd; ghypay; Rje;jpuj;ij (,J ,d;iwa ghypay;
xOf; f kP w y; f s; ) ,iwtdpd; nrayhf; f pajd; %yk; ,ij
tpjptpyf; f hf; f p tuyhw; i wj; jphpj; J > epfo; fhyg; ngz; z pd;
xOf;fj;ij mj;J kPwyhf;Ftijr; rhj;jpakhf;fpaJ.
3.ehfhpf epiy
m. ,uj;j cwTf; FLk;gk
k;
,JNt FLk; g j; j pd; Kjy; fl; l khFk; ; . mjhtJ ,Ue; J te; j
tiuKiwaw; w GzHr; r piaj; jLj; J jiyKiwf; FLk; g q; f s;
Njhd;wpd. mjhtJ G+l;ld; - G+l;b> jha; - je;ij> kfs; - kfd;>
Ngud; f s; - Ngj; j pfs; vd; w jiyKiw gphpTjhd; FLk; g j; j pd;
gphpthfpaJ. ,Ue;J te;j jiyKiw fle;j GzHr;rpf;Fg; gjpyhf>
rfy G+l;ld; - G+l;bAk; gu];guk; fztd; - kidtpahfTk;> rfy
jha; - je;ijAk; gu];guk; fztd; - kidtpahfTk;> ,J Nghd;W
kfs; - kfd; gu];guk; fztd; - kidtpahfTk;> Ngud;fs; Ngj;jpfs; jkf;fpilapy; fztd; - kidtpahfTk; cwT nfhs;s
tiuaWj; j FLk; g Nk Kjy; FLk; g khFk; . ,J re; j jp fle; j
ghYwitj; jpl; l tl; l khfj; jLj; j fl; l j; i j
cs; s lf; f p
Mz;fSf;Fk; ngz;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; GzHr;rpia mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;l FLk;gkhf ,Ue;jJ. ,ij kWj;j xOf;fthjpfspd;> nrd;w
E}w; w hz; L thjq; f spd; N ghJ ,Jjhd; mf; f hyj; J f; N f chpa
048
gp. ,uahfud;
xOf;fkhf ,Ue;jJ vd Vq;nfy;]; vOjpdhH. mj;Jld; NehHNt

kw; W k; ehLfspy; Guhzq; f spy; ,ijnahl; b a Mjhuq; f isr;
Rl;bf;fhl;bdhH. rNfhju - rNfhjhpfshf ,Ue;j xNu fhuzj;jhy
hy;
mtHfs; midtUk; gu];guk; fztd; - kidtpahf ,Ug;gJ
md;iwa FLk;gkhf> xOf;fkhf ,Ue;jJ.
M. G+dYth FLk;gk;
,f;; FLk;g mikg;G ,uj;j cwTf; FLk;gj;jpy;; ,Ue;J
mLj;jfl;l Kd;Ndw;wkhf ,Ue;jJ. ,e;jf; FLk;g mikg;G rNfhju
- rNfhjhpfSf;F ,ilapy; jpl;ltl;lkhfg; GzHr;rpia tpyf;fpajpy;
,Ue; J njhlq; F fpd; w J. ,J jdpg; g l; l egHfSf; F ,ilapy;
njhlq;fp> gbg;gbahf nghJtpjpahf khwpr;nrd;wJ. ,J gbg;gbahf
xd;Wtpl;l> ,uz;Ltpl;l> %d;W tpl;l... rNfhju - rNfhjhpfSf;F
,ilapYk; GzHr;rpiaj; jLj;jJ. ,J ,aw;ifapd; epajpahf
,Ue;jJld;> ,ijf; iftpl;l kf;fs; $l;lk; Ntfkhf Kd;Ndw;wj;ij
mile;jd. ,jd; tsHr;rp Fyj;ij cUthf;fp ep&gpj;jJ. Mjpfhyg;
nghJf; FLk;g epHthfk; mehfhpf epiyapd; ,ilf;fhyj;jpd; filrpf;
fl;lk; tiu ePbj;jJ. ,e;jf; FLk;g myF jdJ cr;r vy;iyia
xl;b rpy jiyKiwf;Fg; gpsT Vw;gl;lJ.
xU jha; tapw;Wf; Foe;ijfs; clYwT nfhs;tJ Kiway;y
vd;w fUj;J Njhd;wpa cld; gioa FLk;gr; r%fq;fs; gphpe;J
Gjpa r%fq;fs; cUthtij Cf;Ftpj;jJ. rNfhjhpfs; mike;j
FO my; y J mjw; F Nkw; g l; l FO xU FLk; g r; r%fj; j pd;
%yf;fUthdJ. mNjNeuk; mtHfSld; $lg; gpwe;j rNfhjuHfs;
,d;ndhU FLk;gr; r%fj;Jf;F %yf; fUthf mike;jdH. ,J
,uj;j cwTf; FLk;gj;jpYk; ntspapYk; nghJthf ,Ue;jJ. ,q;F
nghJthd fztDk; nghJthd kidtpfSk; vd;w epiyapNyNa
,Ue;jdH. ,q;F ,f;fztHkhH rNfhjuuhf ,Ug;gjpy;iy. khwhf
~G+dYth| mjhtJ gq;fhsp - $l;lhsp vd;W mioj;Jf; nfhz;ldH.
,ijg;Nghy; ngz;fSk; mioj;Jf; nfhz;ldH. ,JNt FLk;g
mikg;gpd; %yr; rpwg;ghd tbtkhFk;;. mjhtJ Kd;G rNfhju rNfhjhpfshf ,Ue;Jk; clYwT nfhz;lJ khwp> ,jw;F ,ilapy;
cwT tpyf;fg;gl;L> jha; tapw;Wf;F ntspapy; FLk;gk; Njhw;wk;
ngw;wJ. ,q;F GzHr;rp vd;gJ Mz; - ngz; $l;lj;Jf;Fs; nghJtpy;
,Ue;jJ.
gp. ,uahfud;
049
,e;j tbtj;jpy; Vw;gl;l jphpNg Mz; - ngz; Njhw;wj;ij

paJ. Fwpg;gpl;l FLk;g tl;lj;Jf;Fs; vy;yhf;
Kjypy; cUthf;fpaJ
fztDf; F k; > kidtpf; F k; ,ilapy; ,Ue; j nghJ cwtpy; >
kidtpahpd; $lg;gpwe;j rNfhjuUk; gpw jha; tapw;Wr; rNfhjuUk;
tpyf; f g; g l; l mNjNeuk; > fztHkhhpd; rNfhjhpfSf; F tpyf; F
mspf;fg;gl;lJ.
,e;jf; FLk;gj;jpy; vd; mk;khtpDila rNfhjhpfspd; (rpj;jp)
Foe; i jfSk; > vd; mg; g htpDila rNfhjuHfspd; (rpj; j g; g h)
Foe;ijfSk; vdf;Fr; rNfhju - rNfhjhpahf ,Ue;jdH. Mdhy;
vd; mk;khtpDila rNfhjuHfspd; (khkh) Foe;ijfSk;> vd;
mg;ghtpDila rNfhjhpfspd; (mj;ij) Foe;ijfSk; mtHfSf;F
kUkfs; > kUkfd; Mfpajhy; ; vdf; F xd; W tpl; l rNfhju rNfhjhpahtH.
,q;F vd; jhahhpDila rNfhjhpfspd; (rpj;jp) fztHfs;
midtUk; vd; jhapd; fztuhf ,Uf;f> vd; je;ijapDila
rNfhjuHfspd; (rpj;jg;gh) kidtpaH vd; je;ijapd; kidtpahf
eilKiwapy; ,y;yhtpl;lhYk; chpikg;gbahf ,Uf;f> nghJthd
rNfhju - rNfhjhpfSf;F ,ilapy; ,Ue;j jilia ,uz;lhf;fpaJ.
,J xd; W tpl; l rNfhju - rNfhjhpfis tifg; g Lj; J tjpy;
,uz;lhf;fpaJ. ,J Kd;G Nghy; rpyiur; rNfhju - rNfhjhpahfj;
njhlHe;J Vw;Wf; nfhs;s> rpyiu kUkfs;> kUkfd; vd;w Gjpa
rKjhag; gphpit cUthf;fpaJ. ,tHfs; Kd;G Nghy; rNfhju rNfhjhpahf ,Uf;f KbahJ NghdJ. ,tHfSf;Fg; nghJthd
jha; - je;ij vd;w nghJthd ngw;NwhH vd;w tbtk; ,Uf;fKbahJ
NghdJ. ,e;j kUkfd;> kUkfis milahsg;gLj;jNy tuyhw;wpy;
Mz; - ngz;
ngz vd;w jhahjpfs; vd;w tFg;G mtrpakhf;fpaJ.
,Jtiu nghJthd Mz; - ngz; vd;w GzHr;rpapy; rpyUf;F
Vw;gLj;jpa tpyf;F> Mz; - ngz; cUthf;fj;Jf;F tpj;jpl;lJ.
,J Ke;jpa FLk;g mikg;gpy; mHj;jkw;W ,Ue;jJ.
,d;W ,yq;ifj; jkpohplj;jpy;
,e;j tpyf;F ,Ug;gJk;>
mtHfSf;F ,ilapy; jpUkzk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;tij> vkJ ,uj;j
cwT FLk;g mikg;gpy; vjhHj;jkhf cs;sJ. ,J kr;rhs;> kr;rhdhf
vdf;Fk; vdJ ngw;NwhUf;F kUkfs;> kUkfd; cwT ,Ug;gJk;
fhzKbfpd;wJ. ,ijf; Nftykhd rNfhju - rNfhjhp cwthf
INuhg;gpaf; fpwp];jt xUjhukzg; ghHitapy; ,Ue;J nfhr;irg;
gLj;JtJk; epfo;e;J te;jJ.
050
gp. ,uahfud;
Mdhy; INuhg;ghtpy; ,ijnahj;j tbtq;fs; ,Ue;jijr;

rP]H $wpAs;shH. mehfhpf ,ilf; fhyj;jpy; gphpl;lhdpaHfs; gj;J>
gd;dpuz;L NgH jkJ kidtpiag; nghJtpy; mDgtpj;jijAk;>
rNfhju - rNfhjhpfs; NrHe;J my;yJ ngw;NwhHfSk; mtHfspd;
Foe; i jfSk; NrHe; J mDgtpj; j ijr; rP ] H $Wk; N ghJ mJ
FOkzkhfg; Ghpe;J nfhs;sKbfpd;wJ. ,Nj Neuk; gj;Jg; gd;dpuz;L
kfd;fis itj;jpUf;f mehfhpff; fhyj;jpy; jha;f;F Kbatpy;iy.
Mdhy; mnkhpf;fg; G+dYth FLk;gj;jpy; ,J rhj;jpakhf ,Ue;jJ.
,JNghy; ,e; j pahtpy; ,Ug; g ij ~,e; j pa kf; f s; | vd; w E}y;
gjpe;Js;sJ. mjpy; ~~mtHfs; xd;whfNt|| (mjhtJ Mz; - ngz;
cwtpy;) ~~$b tho;fpwhHfs;. nghpa $l;Lr; r%fkhf mNdfkhf
tiuKiwapd;wpf; $b tho;fpwhHfs;. mtHfspy; ,UtH
jpUkzkhdtHfshff; fUjg;gl;lhYk; me;j ge;jk; ngaustpy;jhd;
,Uf;fpwJ.||3
mjHt Ntjj;jpy; ~~rNfhjudhd vkNd! ve;j xU rNfhjudhtJ
nrhe; j r; rNfhjhpAld; rk; N ghfj; j py; <Lglhky; ,Uf; f pd; w hdh?
mt;thW <Lglhky; ,Ue;jhy; mtd; nfl;l rNfhjuNd. fhkd;
vd;id thl;Ltjhy; ehd; ,t;thW $Wfpd;Nwd;. mjdhy; rNfhjuh
tj;uh vd;NdhL rk;Nghfj;jpy; <LgL|| vd;W $wp je;ij ngw;w
kfisf; fHg;gpzpahf;fpaij mjHt Ntjk; $Wfpd;wJ.||10 ,J kl;Lkh!
hpf; Ntjj; j py; 4.43.5> 10.85.9.. ,y; > ~~,tHfs; c\rpd;
rNfhjuHfs;; #hpadpd; Gjy;tHfs; #hpadpd; kfshd c\];>
mtSila ,e;j ,ul;il rNfhjuHfisNa fztHfshf Vw;Wf;
nfhz;lhs;.... #hpadpd; Foe;ijfshd vkDf;Fk; akpf;FkpilNaAs;s
cwTk;... ,tHfisj; jtpu re;jpuDlDk; cwtpUe;jjhff; fhzyhk;.
nyl; kf;fs; gphptpdUila #hpag; Gjy;tpf;Fk; ,ul;ilf; Fjpiuf;
fhuHfisj; jtpu NtnwhU fhjyDk; ,Ue;jhd;.||11 rKjhaj;jpy;
,it vy;yhk; fw;gidahd gbkq;fs; rhHe;j cUtq;fs; my;y.
kdpjd; jdJ fw;gidia cUtj;jpd; kPjhd vjhHj;jj;jpy; ,Ue;J
gbkhdk; Mfpd;w NghJ> ep[ cyfk; mjpy; gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ. rNfhju
- rNfhjhp cwTfs; > gy fztd; Kiw Nghd; w dtw; i w ,J
njspTgLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,J xUjhu kzj;ij kWf;fpd;wJ.
fw; g idahd GidTfshd ghujf; fijapy; gy Miz
xU ngz;Zk; (gy fztd; Kiw)> gy ngz;iz xU MZk;
itj;jpUe;jij vjpHg;gpd;wp fhyhfhykhff; $wpa NghJk; rhp> gioa
rpw;gq;fspy; $l;lkhd GzHr;rpfSk; gjpthfpAs;s epiy gioa
gp. ,uahfud;
051
rKjhaj;jpd; vr;rq;fNsahFk;;. ,d;Wk; $l ,e;jpahtpy; kfs;

mk;khtpd; jk;gpiaj; (jha;khkd;) jpUkzk; nra;tJk;> xU Mz;
xU FLk; g j; j py; %j; j ngz; i zj; jpUkzk; nra; A k; NghJ>
mg;ngz;zpd; rNfhjhpfs; kPjhd Mzpd; chpik gytopfspy; ,d;Wk;
epyTfpd;wJ. kidtp ,we;jhy; kw;iwa rNfhjhpia kzg;gJ> kidtp
gps;is Ngw;Wf;Fj; jha; tPL nrd;why; jq;if me;j ,lj;ij
epug;GtJ> kfdpd; kidtpaplk; je;ij ghypay; Nehf;fpy; mZFtJ.....
vdg; gytof;Ffs; Ke;ija vr;rj;jpd; njhlHr;rpAld;>
xUjhukzj;jpd; ,Wf;fj;Jf;Fs;Sk;> fz;Lk; fhzhky;
mDkjpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;jg; Nghf;F Mz; rhHe;j jsj;jpy; kl;Lk;
Mzhjpf;fk; rhHe;J Nfhug;gLfpd;wJ. ,J ngz;Zf;Fr;
rhj;jpakpy;iy.
G+dYth FLk;gj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj Fyq;fs; Njhw;wk; ngw;wd.
FOf; FLk; g j; j py; Foe; i japd; je; i j ahH vd; W vg; N ghJk;
njhpe;jpUg;gjpy;iy. Mdhy; vy;yhf; Foe;ijf;Fk;
jdJ jha;
ahH vd;gJ jpl;ltl;lkhfj; njhpe;jpUe;jJ. ,e;jf; FOkzk; ePbj;j
midj;J rKjhaj;jpYk; jha; topkl;LNk kuG topiaf; fz;lwpaf;
$bajhf ,Ue;jjhy; ngz; topkl;LNk xg;Gf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.
fhl;Lkpuhz;b kw;Wk; mehfhpff; filf; fhyfl;lk; KOtJk; ,g;gbNa
,Ue; j J. guk; g iuia milahsk; fhZk; thhpR chpikiaj;
jhAhpik vd;W tiuaWf;fKbAk;. nrhj;Jhpikia milahsk;
fhZk; thhpRhpikiaj; je;ijAhpikahf tiuaWf;fKbAk;. ,q;F
jhAhpikia ,d;Ws;s Mz; chpikf;F xg;ghf Nehf;ff; $lhJ.
Mz; chpik vd; g J ngz; i z mbikahf; f p gytbtj; j py;
miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ngz; chpik vd;gJ Miz mbikg;gLj;jpaJ
my;y. khwhfg; ngz; Clhf thhpir milahsk; fhz;gJk;> ngz;
top guk;giu topia milahsk; fhzf; $bajhf ,Ue;jhYk;>
FLk;gj;ijg; guhkhpj;jjpYk; ,g;gb tiuaWf;f $bajhf cs;sJ.
,q;F rl;l hPjpahd mHj;jj;jpy; ngz; chpik gad;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy.
%yj; j ha; f ; F g; gpwe; j rNfhjhpfSk; > %yj; j ha; topte; j
xd;Wtpl;l... rNfhjhpfSk; mJNghy; rNfhjuHfSf;Fk; ,ilapy;
ghy; cwT tpyf; f g; g l; l epiyapy; > ,g; n gz; f spd; fztHfs;
rNfhjuuhf ,uhj NtW jha; tapw;Wf; Fyj;ijr; NrHe;jtHfNs.
Mdhy; ,e;jf; fztHfspd; Foe;ijfs; ,e;jf; Fyj;ijr; NrHe;jtuhf
miktjhy;> jha; topnahd;Nw ,ij epHzapj;jhy; ,e;j rNfhju rNfhjhp GzHr;rp jilnra;ag;gl;l epiyapy;> ,f; FO Fykhf
052
gp. ,uahfud;
khw;wk; mile;jJ. ,J jdf;Fs; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;s ngz;top

,uj;j cwTfisf; nfhz;L jpl;ltl;lkhfj; jilnra;jJ. ,ijr;
rkak;> rKjhak; fwhuhf NkYk; ,Wf itj;jJ.
,jd; %yk; Fyq;fs; xd;wpy; ,Ue;J xd;W jk;ik NtWgLj;jpf;
fhl;baJ. ,q;F ,uz;L FOf;fSf;F ,ilapy; jpUkzk; elg;gJ
kl;LNk rhj;jpakhfpaJ. xU FOtpy; cs;s vy;yh MZk; kW
FOtpy; cs;s vy;yhg; ngz;Zk; gpwtpf; fztdhfTk; gpwtp
kidtpahfTk; ,Ue;j epiyapy; Fyk; tsHr;rp ngw;wJ. ,q;F
jpUkzk; jdpegUf;F my;y> FOf;fSf;Nf ele;jJ. ,q;F taJ
NtWghL> ,uj;j cwT vd;w ve;j tpjptpyf;Fk; mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy.
,e;jg; G+dYth FLk;gj;jpd; tbtq;fs; gy;NtW kf;fs; $l;lj;Jf;F
,ilapy; NtWgl;l Kiwfis clYwtpy; tpyfiyAk;> Vw;igAk;
cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ.
,. ,izf; FLk;gk;;
FO kzj;jpd; NghNjh> my;yJ mjw;F Kd;dNuh - ePz;l
fhyj; J f; N fh> FWfpa fhyj; J f; N fh ,iztho; f ; i f eP b j; j J.
MZf;Fg; gy kidtpaH ,Ug;gpDk; mtHfspy; xUj;jp mtDila
gpujhd kidtpahfTk;> mNjNghy; mtSila gy fzthpy; xUtd;
gpujhd fztdhf ,Ue;jhd;. ,J mtHfspd; gpbj;jkhd fztd;
kidtpay;y. ,J Mz; - ngz;zpd; mjpfhpg;Gld; ,iz kzKiw
epiy ngwr; nra;jJ. ,uj;j cwTKiw gy Gjpa jilfisr;
re;jpj;j NghJ ,izf;FLk;gk; jPHthfpaJ. ,e;jf; fl;lj;jpy; xUtd;
xUj;jpAld; tho;ej
; NghJk; gyjhukzKk;> rkaj;jpy; Nrhuk; NghtJk;
Mzpd; chpik vd;w tifapy;> me;j tho;f;if r%f mq;fPfhuk;
ngw;wJ. nghUshjhuf; fhuzj;jhy; gyjhukzk; nra;J nfhs;tJ
mNefkhff; fpilahJ.
NrHe;J thOk; fhyj;jpy; fz;bg;ghd fw;G Nfhug;gLfpd;wJ.
mts; Nrhuk; Nghdhy; jz;bf;fg;gl;lhs;. Mdhy; ,Ujug;gpdUk;
,yFthfj; jpUkzj;ij ,uj;J nra;aKbAk;;. mg;NghJ Foe;ijfs;
jha;f;Fr; nrhe;jkhthHfs;;.
jpUkzj;jpy; cwtpdUf;fpilapyhd njhlHr;rpahd tpyf;fy;
(,uj;j cwTf;Fs;shd jpUkzj;jil) Kbtpy; gyjhukzj;ij
xopj;Jf; fl;b> xU jk;gjpfspd; N[hbia kl;Lk; cUthf;fpaJ.
gp. ,uahfud;
053
mJTk; fiye;J tpl;lhy; jpUkzNk ,y;yhJ Ngha;tpLk;;. Kd;G

ngz;fSf;Fg; gQ;rk; vd;gJ ,Ue;jjpy;iy. Mdhy; Mzhjpf;fg;
Nghf;F tsHr;rp ngw;w gpd; ngz;fSf;Fg; gQ;rk; nghJthd epiyahfp
tpl;lJ. ,jdhy; ngz;izf; flj;jpr; nry;tJ> tpiyf;F thq;FtJ
jtpHf;fKbahj tpjpahfpd;wJ. gpd;dhy; jpUkzk; vd;gJ mtHfs;
mwpahj tifapy; jha; jPHkhdpg;gJk;> ngw;NwhUf;Fg; ghpRfisf;
nfhLg; g jd; %yk; ngz; i z miltJk; rhj; j pakhf; f paJ.
,Ue;jNghJk; mtd; my;yJ mts; ,yFthfj; jpUkzj;ij ,uj;J
nra;af; $bajhf ,Ue;jJ.
,e;jg; gphpTfspd;NghJ ,U Fyj;ijr; NrHe;NjhH FWf;fpl;Lr;
rkhjhdg; g Lj; j Kay; f pd; w dH. ,jpy; Njhw; w gpd; N g jpUkzk;
,uj; j hfpaJ. Mdhy; Foe; i j jha; f ; F r; nrhe; j khf ,Ue; j J.
,;UtUk; Rje;jpu kdpjuhf kPsj; jpUkzk; nra;Ak; chpikiaf;
nfhz;bUe;jdH.
njhlHe;J Rje;jpukhd jpUkzq;fs; nra;aKbahj epiy
,Ue;jNghJk; ngz;zpd; kjpg;G Fiwe;Jtpltpy;iy. ,aw;ifapy;
je;ij ahH vdj; njhpahj epiyapy; ngz;top r%fj;jpy; ngz;zpd;
epiy Nky; Nehf;fpf; fhzg;gl;lJ. ngz; topapy; kl;Lk; Foe;ijia
milahsk; fz; l J vd; g J ngz; z pd; kjpg; i gj; njhlh; e ; J
ghJfhj;jJ.
nghJTilikf; FLk;gj;jpy; ngz;fs; vy;NyhUk; xU Fyj;ijr;
NrHe;jtuhf ,Uf;f> Mz;fs; gy;NtW Fyj;jpy; ,Ue;J te;jtuhf
,Ue;jdH. ,Jjhd; ngz;fs; vy;yh ,lj;jpYk; NkNyhq;fpapUe;j
vjhHj;jkhFk;;.
fp.gp. 18-Mk; E}w;whz;by; 40 tl mnkhpf;ff; FOf;fspilNa
xUtd; xU %j;j rNfhjhpiaj; jpUkzk; nra;Ak; mNjNeuk;> mtspd;
,isa rNfhjhpfs; taij mile;j cld; mtHfSk; mtDila
kidtpahfpd;wdH. ,J gioajpd; vr;rr; nrhr;rk;. vkJ jkpo;r;
r%fj;jpy; kidtp ,wf;Fk;NghJ mts; rNfhjhpia kPsj; jpUkzk;
nra;tJ> fztd; ,wf;Fk;NghJ mtd; jk;gpapd; kidtpahtJ>
kidtp Foe;ijg; gpwg;Gf;Fj; jha; tPL nry;Yk;NghJ jq;ifia
tpl;Lr; nry;tJ vy;yhk; ,jd; vr;rr; nrhr;rq;fNs.
rpy kf; f s; ,dj; j py; rpy tpohf; f spy; tiuKiwaw; w
GzHr; r papy; <Lgl gy; N tW ,df; FOf; f s; jpuz; L te; j ij
Mjhug;gLj;jpAs;sJ. ,d;W ,e;jpahtpd; kj;jpag; gpuNjrj;jpy; g];jhH
054
gp. ,uahfud;
khtl;l Njtfhtd; fpuhkj;jpy; jpUkzk; nra;ahj Mz;fs; - ngz;fs;

Fwpj; j ehspy; njhlq; F k; tpohtpy; > cld; gpwthjtHfSld;
khwp khwp N[hbahff; $bg; GzUfpd; w dH. ,q; F ,g; G zHr; r p
N[hbfSf;F ,ilapy; ntspg;gilahf elg;gij (30.7.1997) ,e;jpah
LNl tpthpj;Js;sJ. ghHg;gdpaj; jpUkz ke;jpuj;jpy; ngz;iz
Nehf;fp ghHg;ghd; $Wk; NghJ ~~eP ,Jtiu ,e;jpuDf;F xUehs;
kidtpahf> gpd; NjtHfs; midtUf;Fk; kidtpahfp> gpd; vdf;F
kidtpahfp>
,g;nghOJ
ehd;
cd;id
,tDf;F
kidtpahf;FfpNwd;>||12 vd;gjd; gpd;ndy;yhk; gioa tiuKiwaw;w
GzHr;rpapd; vr;rr;nrhr;rq;fNs.
,J gy Mg;gphpf;f> ,e;jpar; r%fj;jpy; ,d;Wk;
fhzg;gLtJld;> kd;dHfs; - GNuhfpjHfs; vd r%fj;jpd; Nky;
kl;lg; gphpTfs;> ,ijj; jkJ Kiw Nflhd nraYf;Fg; ngz;fisg;
gioa tuyhw;wpd; njhlHr;rpapy; gad;gLj;jpdH vd;gijr; Rl;LfpwJ.
mNjNeuk; nghJ tpohf; f spy; taJ ngz; f s; ,isaHfis
mDgtpg;gjw;Fk; ,it ,lk; nfhLj;jJ.
,e;jpar; r%fj;jpy; ,it chpikapd; tbtkhf ,Ue;jJld;>
nrd;w E}w;whz;L tiu$l ,e;j Mzhjpf;fg; gyjhu chpikiag;
ghJfhf;f Nghuhl;lq;fSk; elj;jg;gl;ld.
fp.gp. 1502 ,y;> ,e;jpahTf;F te;jpUe;j Y}Nlhtpf;Nfhy;b
tHj;jkh vd;gtd; fs;spf; Nfhl;il ghHg;gdHfs; gw;wp $wpajpy;
,Ue;J ,ijj; Jy;ypakhff; fhzKbAk;.
~~,e;j ghHg;gdHfisg; gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;tJ NjitahdJk;>
mNj rkaj;jpy; kdJf;F ,dpikahdJk; $l. ek;kpilNaAs;s
kjf; FUf;fisg;Nghy ek;gpf;ifapd; Kf;fpa Ml;fs; ,tHfs;jhd;
vd;gij ePq;fs; njhpe;J nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. murd; jpUkzk; nra;Ak;
NghJ kpfTk; kjpg;Gk; khpahijAk; cs;s ,e;jg; ghHg;gdh;fspy;
xUtiuj; NjHe;njLj;J> jd; kidtpAld; Kjypuitf; fopf;f mtiu
mDg;gptpLtH.||13
,J Nghy; `hkpy;ld; vd;w vOj;jhsH vOjpajpy; ~~rNkhhpd;
(xU r%fg; gphpT) jpUkzk; nra;Ak;NghJ ek;G+jphpNah my;yJ
Kjd;ik kjf;FUNth kzg;ngz;iz mDgtpf;Fk; tiu ,tdhy;
(kzkfdhy;) mDgtpf;f KbahJ. ,tH (kjf;FU) tpUk;gpdhy;
%d; W ,uTfs; $l mg; n gz; Z ld; fopf; f yhk; . Vnddpd;
mg;ngz;zpd; jpUkz ,utpy; Kjy; fdpfs; mts; tzq;Fk;
flTSf;F ieNtj;jpak; nra;ag;glNtz;Lk;.||13
gp. ,uahfud;
055
fp.gp. 1869 ,y;> gk;gha; itztg; gphpT kjf;FUf;fs; fNuh

rz;lh];Ky;[pf;F vjpuhfj; njhLj;j tof;fpy; jkJ ,dg; ngz;fspd;
Kjy; cwT chpikiaf; NfhhpdH. ,J kfhuh[h mtkjpg;G tof;F
vdg; Gfo; ngw;wJ. ,J Kd;ida gyjhu kzj;ij Mz;fs; jkJ
nrhe; j eyDf; F g; gad; g Lj; j paijf; fhl; L fpd; w J. ~~murf;
FLk;gq;fspYk; gpuG FLk;gq;fspYk; ngz;fs; ghHg;gdHfs; %yk;
fUTWtijg; Gz;zpakhff; fUjpdH. ghHg;gdHfSf;F cly;> kd>
fhk Ntl;iffspy; Rfkspg;gJ nrhHf;fj;ij miltjw;fhd topnad
ngz;fs; ek;gpdH. ghHg;gdHfs; tpUe;jpddhf tPl;bw;F te;jhy;>
mtd; Kjpatdhf ,Ue;jNghJk;> fd;dpiffshd ,sk; ngz;fis
mtDila gLf;ifaiwf;F mDg;g FLk;gj; jiytHfs; MHtk;
fhl;bdH. fd;dpg; ngz;fs; ,y;iynad;why;> me;j tPl;bYs;s kpfTk;
taJ Fiwe;j ngz;> ghHg;gddpd; gzptpilf;fhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhs;.
me;jg; ngz;Zf;Ff; fztd; ,Ue;jhy;> mtd; ,e;jr; rkak; miwf;F
ntspNa gLg;gJ tof;fk;. Ik;gJ Mz;LfSf;F Kd;G ,j;jifa
xU rKjha Kiw ,Ue;jJ...||11 ghHg;gdpa kjk; kw;iwa kjq;fs;
kPjhd ntw;wpfspd; kPJ gf;jpapd; gpd;dhy; Mzhjpf;fk; muq;Nfwpa
tbtkpJ.
fy;tp> nry;tk; njhlq;fp fhkk; <whfg; ghHg;gdpak; jdJ
jdpr; rYifia mlf;FKiw> kpul;ly;> gf;jp vd vy;yh tifapYk;
ngw;Wf; nfhz;lJ. ,e;j tpgr;rhu xOf;fk; gf;jpapd; gpd;dhy;>
Gz;zpaj;jpd; gpd;dhy; ele;jNghJ> cyfk; ngz;iz tpgr;rhuj;jpd;
vy; i yapy; flTisf; fhl; b aJ. gps; i siaf; nfhd; W czT
nfhLj;jJ> kidtpiag; gLf;f itj;J czT nfhLj;jJ> vd;W
,e; J kj ehad; k hH fijfs; vy; y hk; fw; g idahditay; y .
vjhHj;jj;jpy; ghHg;gdpaj;jpd; RfNghfj;ij> Mzhjpf;fj; jpkpiuf;
fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
ghHg;gdpa Kiwg;gb rl;lG+Htkhd jpUkzj;jpy; gyjhukz
tbtj;jpNyNa gy kidtpkhiuf; nfhz;bUe;jdH. fp.gp. 1850 ,y;>
tq;fhs khepyk; `_f;sp khtl;lj;jpy; ~~197 ghHg;gdHfs; 2288
ngz;fis kidtpauhf;fpapUe;jdH. 55 tajhd xUtUf;F 107
kidtpaUk;> 12 taJ rpWtDf;F MW kidtpaUk;> 5 taJ
Foe;ijf;F ,uz;L kidtpaUk; ,Ue;jhHfs;.||11 xUjhu kzj;ijg;
ngz; Z f; F k; kl; L khdjhfTk; > nrhj; J hpik tbtpy; Foe; i jj;
jpUkzj;ijAk; nfhz;L ghHg;gdpak; ngz;fisj; jkJ
nfhy;iyg;Gwj;jpy; tijj;jJ.
056
gp. ,uahfud;
,d;W jpUkzj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; ~fd;dpfhjhdk;| mbg;gilapy;

jpUkzj;Jf;F Kd; mg;ngz;zpd; kPjhd GNuhfpj kw;Wk; caH
Fbfspd; cly;cwT chpikia> r%fk; kWj;jNghJk; ghHg;gdpak;
jdJ ef;fp thOk; gpiog;G XNfh vd;W elf;f> tpl;Lf; nfhLj;J
rkurk; nra;jd; tpisTjhd; ,d;W fd;dpfhjhdkhf cs;sJ. ,jpy;
gytpjkhd rlq;Ffs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,JNghy; fztd; ,we;jhy;
ngz;izr; rpijapy; Vw;Wtijj; jPtpukhd vjpHg;gpdhy; gbg;gbahff;
iftpl;l NghJk;> Gjpa tbtq;fs; GFe;jd. fp.gp. 19Mk; E}w;whz;by;
rjpiaf; filg;gpbf;fhj ngz; tpjitfs; nkhl;il mbf;fg;gl;L
jdpj;J tho milj;J tplg;gl;ldH. 24 kzpNeuj;jpy;> mjhtJ xU
ehisf;F xUNeu fopthd czT cz;zTk;> mkhthir NjhWk;
,uTk; gfYk; xU Jsp ePH$l mUe;j Kbahj tpujk; ,Uf;fTk;
,e;J xOf;fk; mth;fis epHg;ge;jpj;jJ. ,jpypUe;J rpWtaJ Foe;ij
tpjitfs; $l tpyf;fp itf;fg;gltpy;iy. mjhtJ xUjhu kzj;jpy;
Mz; ,we;jhy; ngz; nfhy;yg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gij ,e;J jHkk;
ftdkhfg; Nghjpj;Jf; nfhd;wJ.
kD G+kpapd; v[khdHfs; vd; w $w; w pd; gb caHrhjpg;
ghHg;gdHfs; fPo;rhjpg; ngz;fis mDgtpf;Fk; chpikia kyghH
gFjpapy; nfhz;bUe;jdH.13 ,ij NkYk; tpsf;Fifapy; ~~gpwf;Fk;
Foe;ij je;ijapd; FLk;gj;jpNyNa NrUk; vd;w kfj;jpa Kiwiag;
ghHg;gdr; rhjp gpd;gw;wpaJ. jq;fs; nrhe;jr; rhjpj; jpUkzj;ij
vg;NghJk; Nghy; rhjhuz rlq;F rh];jpu tpjpfspd;gb elj;jpdhHfs;.
Mdhy; Mz; ghHg; g dHfs; jho; e ; j rhjpg; n gz; f Sld; cwT
itj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; gof;fj;ijf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;.||13
,ij NkYk; tpsf;Fifapy; ~~rl;lj;Jf;Fg; Gwk;ghd ghYwT
nfhz; l ,Ujug; g pdUNk ve; j f; FLk; g j; j pYk; cWg; g pduhf
,Uf;fKbahJ. ,e;j cwtpy; gpwe;j Foe;ij jhiaNa rhUk;.
rl;lg;gb je;ijapd; nrhj;jpypUe;J ,e;jf; Foe;ij gq;F Nfl;gjw;Nfh
my;yJ guhkhpg;Gj; njhif Nfl;gjw;Nfh ve;jtifapYk; mjw;F
chpikapy;iy.||13 NkYk; tpsf;Fifapy; ~~NjtHfs; vd;Wk; kz;zpd;
flTs;fs; vd;Wf; (ghHg;gdHfs;) $WgtHfSk;> MSk; tHf;fkhd
rj;jphpaHfSk; jq;fSf;Ff; fPo;g;gl;l rhjpfisr; NrHe;j ngz;fSld;
Kjy; Kjypy; cwT nfhs;Sk; chpikiaf; nfhz;bUe;jdH vd;gJ
njhpatUfpwJ. ,J kj; j pafhyq; f spy; INuhg; g htpy; ,Ue; j
KiwNaahFk;.||13 ,itfs; ngz;fs; kPjhd Mz;fspd; chpikiar;
nrhj;Jilik rhHe;J r%f me;j];Jf;F cl;gl;l vy;iyf;Fs;>
gp. ,uahfud;
057
xUjhu kzj;ijj; jpzpj;j Mzhjpf;fj;jpd; vy;iyf;Fs; mjd;

Nghf;fpy; caH gPlq;fs; ghJfhj;jijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
ngz; kP j hd ghypay; elj; i jiag; nghJtpgr; r huj; j py;
KOikahfj; jPHf;f Kbahj Nky; kl;l Mzhjpf;fj;jpd; jdpr;
nrhj; J Uthf; f r; nrhj; J hpikf; fz; N zhl; l j; j py; midj; J g;
ngz;fisAk; mDgtpf;Fk; chpikiar; r%fj;Jf;Fg; Gwk;ghfr;
rpy Mz;fs; mDgtpg;gjpy; vy;iyg;gLj;jpdH.
,jpy; jho;rhjpg; ngz;fs; kPjhd nrhj;Jila Nky; Mjpf;fr;
rhjp Kjy; ,uT chpikiag; gad;gLj;jpaNghJ mjd;
vy;iyg;gLj;jy;> tpgr;rhuj;jpd; vy;iyf;Fs; ,e;j chpik rPuope;jJ.
,d;W gy ,e;jpaf; fpuhkq;fspd; epyg;gpuGj;Jt Mjpf;fj;jpy; cs;s
rhjpj; jpUkzj;ij caHrhjp Mzpd; mq;fPfhuj;Jf;F cl;gl;Nl
nra;aKbfpd;wJ. ,ijg; gy rpdpkhf;fs; $l glkhf;Ffpd;wd.
,e;j caHrhjp Mzpd; mq;fPfhuk; vd;gJ mg;ngz;zpd; Kjy;
mDgtpf;Fk; chpik kPJ vd;gJ njs;sj; njspthdJld;> ,J
,d;Wk; rpy gFjpfspy; ,iyjioahfj; njhlHtijAk;
fhzKbfpd;wJ.
ngz;zpd; chpik> r%fj;jpy; Mz;fspd; chpik vy;yhk;
caHe;j tho;f;if thOk; nrhj;Jila tHf;fj;jpd; vy;iyf;Fl;gl;Nl
thoKbe;jJ> thoKbfpd;wJ. FLk;gj; jpUkzj;jpy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l
Mz; - ngz;zpd; NjHTfisAk; tpl> %d;whk; jug;gpd; ghypay;
chpikia> xUjhukzj;jpd; Mjpf;fg; gphpTfs; jkf;Fr; rhHghf
xOq;F mikj;j gz;ghl;Lf; fyhr;rhuj;jpd; njhlHr;rpNa ,d;Ws;s
Mzhjpf;f xOf;fkhFk;.
,iz kzj; j pd; Njhw; w k; gioa jpUkzKiwapy;
,Ue;J tpLgl;Lj; jd;id xUtUf;Fg; gu];guk; xg;gilg;gjpy;
njhlq;fpaJ. ,it jpUkzj;Jf;F Kd; tiuKiwaw;w GzHr;rpahf
,Ue; J gbg; g bahf xUtiuj; njhptjpy; njhlq; F fpd; w J.
,jd; vr; r r; nrhr; r q; f s; rlq; F fshf Mz; L f; F xU jlit
Myaj;jpy; xg;gilg;gJ> gpd;dH tpUk;gpa xUtiuj; NjHe;J vLj;J
fhjy; nra; j iyj; njhlHe; J jpUkzk; nra; t J> vd; W fp.gp.
18-Mk; E}w;whz;by; Mjhug;gLj;jpAs;sJld;> mjd; vr;rr; nrhr;rq;fs;
,d;Wk; cs;sJ. mj;Jld; je;ij ,Ue;Jk; - ,y;yhkYk;> je;ij
ahnudj; njhpahkYk; cs;s Foe;ijfSila jhahHfspd; epiy
r%fj; jho;thff; fUjg;glhj> gy ,df; FOf;fs; nrd;w E}w;whz;by;
,Ue;Js;sJ.
058
gp. ,uahfud;
fp.gp. 18-Mk; E}w;whz;by;> jpUkzj;jpy; gq;F nfhs;Sk;

cwtpdHfs;> ez;gHfs; mg;ngz;iz mDgtpj;j gpd;Ng> fztd;
,Wjpahf mDgtpf;fpd;whd;. ,d;W gy jpUkzr; rlq;Ffspy; ,jd;
vr;rr; nrhr;rq;fs; tho;j;Jk;Kiw> mizf;Fk; Kiw vdg; gy
tbtq;fspy; vQ;rpg; NghAs;sJ. ,jpy; GNuhfpjHfs;> kd;dHfs;
Kjy; chpik my;yJ jdpr;rYif mtHfSf;F kl;Lk; fpilf;Fk;
gioa vr;rq;fshFk;;. ,e;j vr;rj;jpd; gpd;dhy; Mzhjpf;fj; jdpr;
rYif tf;fpuk; tpfhug;gl;Ls;sJ.
gioa nghJTilik gytPdkile;J kf;fs; njhif nrwpT
mjpfhpg;G kw;Wk; gioa ntFspahd fhl;Lj;jdkhd cwT NkYk;
NkYk; juf;Fiwthf khw> ,ij xLf;Fjyhfg; ngz; czuj;
njhlq;fpdhs;. ,jdhy; jdJ jdpj;Jtj;ijg; NgzTk;> tpLjiyiag;
ghJfhf;fTk; xU egiuj; jw;fhypfkhf my;yJ epue;jukhfj; njhpT
nra;tJ ngz;Zf;F mtrpakhfpaJ. ,J Mzplk; Njhd;wpapUf;fhJ.
Vnddpd; ,d;Wtiu $l Mz; mijf; iftpl;ljpy;iy. khwhf
mijg; ghJfhg;gjpy; vg;NghJk; [dehafj;ijAk; Rje;jpuj;ijAk;
tpjpe;Jiuf;fpd;whd;. Rje;jpuKk;> [dehafKk; Mzhjpf;fk; rhHe;jJ@
MZf; F kl; L k; mjhtJ nrhj; J ila tHf; f j; J f; F kl; L k;
Nritnra;fpd;wJ. ,e;jr; nrhj;ijg; ngz; itj;jpUg;gpd; [dehafKk;
Rje;jpuKk; tpgr;rhukhfpd;wJ. ,e;j [dehaf mikg;G Mzpd;
gyjhukzj;jpd; xOq;fpy; fl;likf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
ngz; z pd; ,izkzj; njhpitj; j hd; >
Mz; gpd; d hy;
fz;bg;ghd xUjhukzj;ijg; ngz;Zf;Fg; GFj;j Kbe;jJ. ,e;jg;
GFj;j Kbe;jJ vd;gJ> Mzpd; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikapd; Mjpf;fj;jhy;
kl;LNk rhj;jpakhdJ. mjhtJ Mz; ,iz kzj;jpy; ,Ue;J
tpyfp fhjypg;gijAk; md;G nra;tijAk; iftpl;L> ngz;zplk;
kl;Lk; mijf; Nfhhpagb ngz;izg; ghypay; gz;lkhf;fpajd;
%yk;> xUjhukzk; ngz;Zf;F kl;Lk; epge;jidahdJ.
fhl;Lkpuhz;b epiyf;Ff; FOkzKk;> mehfhpf epiyf;F
,izf; FLk;gKk;> ehfhpf epiyf;F xUjhu kzKk; nghJthd
tbtq;fshf ,Ue;jd.
,jd; gpd; d hy; gyjhukzk; nry; t j; j pd; mrhjhuzkhd
epiyfspy; eP b j; j J> eP b f; f pd; w J. ,J ,d; W Njrk; fle; j
Vfhjpgj;jpar; #iwahly; Clhfg; gyjhu kzk; tpgr;rhu epiyf;Fg;
gz;ghl;L hPjpahfr; r%fk; rPuope;J jukpwq;fpAs;sJ. ,jpy; ngz;Zk;
NrHe;J ,aq;FtJ jPtpukilfpd;wJ. ,jd; Mjhukhf ,Ug;gJ kdpjr;
rpe;jidiag; nghUl;fspd; kPjhd EfHT tbtkhf kl;Lk; nghUisg;
gp. ,uahfud;
059
ghHg; g jd; Clhf kdpjd; czHtw; w nghUshf khWfpd; w hd; .

Kjyhspj;Jtk; kdpj ciog;ig ,ae;jpuj;jpd; cWg;ghf;fpaJNghy;
ghypay; kw;Wk; GzHr;rp EfHtpd; cWg;ghfptpl;lJ. gzf;fhuHfs;
gzk; nfhLj;J me;jg;Guq;fis epug;gpaJ kl;Lkpd;wp> mur khspiffs;
- GNuhfpjHfs; vd r%fj;jpd; nry;tj;ijAk;> mjpfhuj;ijAk; nfhz;l
,lq;fspy;> Mz;fs; gy ngz;fisf; nfhz;l gyjhu kzj;ij
Vw;gLj;jpaNghJ> mJ mbik Kiwf;NfAhpa tbtj;jpy; ePbj;jJ.
,ijr; rYifapd; gpd; jf; f itg; g jpy; ghJfhf; f Kbe; j J.
,jw;nfjpuhd ngz;fspd; Nghuhl;lk; jPHf;fkhf ,Ue;jJ.
<. xUjhukzk;
ngz; kPjhd Mjpf;fj;ij Mzhjpf;fk; cUthd topfspy;
fhzKbAk;. Kjy; Mzhjpf;fk; r%fq;fspy; xd;whd ghHg;gdpaj;jpd;
hpf;Ntjj;jpy;> ~~m];tpfSk; #hpaDk; gpufhrkhd ,e;j mjpfhiyf;
fd; d pia tpUk; G fpd; w d. #hpad; mtisj; jd; D ila nghw;
fpuzq;fshy; jOt KaYk;nghOJ mts; kiwe;J tpLfpwhs;.||122
,e;j ctik %yk; ghHg;gdpak; ngz;izr; rKjhaj;jpy; ,Ue;J
kiwj;J mlf;fpaijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. Mzpd; nry;tk;> gyk;> Mz;ik
Nghd; w tw; i wg; ngz; z pd; kP J ifahz; L mlf; f pajd; %yk; >
xUjhukzk; cUthfp ,Wfpaijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
,q;F je;ij chpik vd;gJ jdJ nrhj;J thhpR Clhf
epWtg;gl;lJ. je;ijapd; ,Wf;fkhd tbtj;jhy; ,iz kzj;jpy;
,Ue;J ,J NtWglj; njhlq;fpaJ. ,q;F jpUkzj;jpy; ,Ue;J
tpyfTk;> tpyf;fp itf;fTk; MZf;F kl;Lk; chpik ,Ue;jJ.
,J ,izf; FLk;gj;jpy; gu];guk; ,Ue;j chpikia kWj;jjhFk;.
,izf;FLk;gj;jpy; ,Ue;J nrhj;Jf;fs; gphpfpd;wNghJ> mtuthpd;
nrhj;Jf;F ,Ue;j chpik khWfpd;wNghJ> xUjhukzk; epge;jidah
fpd; w J. nrhj; j pd; chpik Mz; t op r%fj; j py; ngz; Z f; F
kWf;fg;gl;l epiyapy; xUjhukzk; mijg; ghJfhj;jJ.
Kd;G ngz; Nrhuk; Nghjy; vd;gJ mtrpakw;wjhf ,Ue;jJ.
Mdhy; xUjhu kzj;jpy; ngz;Zf;F kWf;fg;gl;l chpik> ngz;zpd;
Nrhuk; NghjYf;F epge;jidahfpaJ. ,jdhy; xOf;ff; Nfhitfs;
mijj; jLf;ff; fl;baikf;fg;gl;ld. ngz;iz tPl;by;
xJf;Fg;Gwj;jpy; G+l;b itg;gjw;Fk;> mij epahag;gLj;jp tpsf;fk;
nfhLf;f Ntz;bjhapw;W.
060
gp. ,uahfud;
ghjpf;fg;gl;l ngz;fs; Nky; Nghlg;gl;l xOf;f NtypfSk;>

fhty; topKiwfSk; ghypay; xOf;f kPwy;fis cUthf;fpaJ.
ngz;fSld; gof Kbe;j rpWtHfSld; ngz; ghypaypy; <LgLtJ>
Xhpdr; NrHf;ifapy; <LgLtJ vd ,aw;ifahd ghypay; fl;likit
kPWtij> ,t;nthOf;fk; epge;jidahf;fpaJ.
Kd;G ,Ue;j fhjy; jpUkzk; xope;J> mjdplj;jpy; gzk;>
,dk;> epwk;> me;j];J> rhjp.... vdg; gyTk; GFe;J nfhz;ld. ,e;j
tifapy; ,uz;L jdpkdpjUf;F ,ilapy; r%fj; jiyaPL vd;gJ>
,izkzj;jpy; gphpTfspd;NghJ (tpthfuj;jpd; NghJ) rkhjhdg;gLj;j
Kide;j nghpNahHfspd; elj;ijfs;> mjpfhuq;fs>; gz;ghlhf> xOf;f
newpahf> r%fk; gbg; g bahf tpthfuj; J hpikiaj; jdJ
fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs; nfhz;L te;jJ. ,J gpd;dhy; Mz; - ngz;
jkf;fpilapyhd NjHitr; nra;tjw;Ff; $l Kbahj epiyf;F
NkYk; jilNghl;lJ.
me;jsTf;F ,iz kzj; jpUkzj;jpy;
Vw;gl;l gpsTfis xd;wpizf;f Kw;gl;l r%fk;> mij KOikapy;
jhd; jPHkhdk; nra;Ak; epiyf;Fr; nry;y> Mz; ngz;zpd; jdpg;gl;l
chpikia kWf;f> mijr; r%fk; KbT nra;Ak; epiyf;F khwpaJ.
r%fk; jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik tbtj;jpy; ,Ue;J ,ij mZFk; NghJ>
nrhj;Jhpikf;Ff; fPo; ngz;izj; juk; jho;j;jp kdpj czHTfisg;
gz;lkhf;fpaJ.
,jd; njhlHr;rpapy; jpUkzj;ijf; fl;lhakhf;fpaJld; Mzpd;
flikiaAk;> ngz;zpd; flikiaAk; epge;jidahf;fpaJ. fUTw;w
Foe;ijf;Ff; fztNd rl;lg;gbahd je;ij vd;gij> rl;lk; Nghl;L
jdpr; nrhj;Jhpik ghJfhf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jd; %yk; ngz;zpd; Foe;ij
vd;gJ jdpr; nrhj;Jhpik ,d;ikahy; kWjypf;fg;gl;lJ. ,J xUjhu
kzk; njhlq;fp tsHr;rpngw;w 3000 tUlq;fspy; gyfl;l mikg;Gfshf
,Ue;jJ. ,d;W Nkw;fpy; ,it rpy vjpH epiyapy; jfHe;Js;sJ.
mJ xUjhukzj;jpy; ngz;zpd; Nrhuk; Nghjypd; tpisTfshy;>
rl; l k; cz; i k je; i jf; f hd chpikia mjd; Nghf; f py;
fz;Lgpbf;fTk;> chpikiaf; NfhuTk; mDkjpj;Js;sJ.
tpthfuj;Jfspd; NghJ etPdr; r%fj;jpYk; ngz; ngw;w
Foe;ij kPjhd chpikia> EfHTf;F mbikahfp gbg;gbahfg;
ngz; iftpLtJ mjpfhpj;J tUfpd;wJ. tuyhw;wpy; ngz;zpd; gy
chpikfisr; rkurj;Jf;F ntspapYk;> fl;lhag;gLj;jpAk; ngz;zplk;
,Ue;J Mz; gwpj;j tuyhw;wpy; ,Ue;J> khWgl;l tifapy; Foe;ij
kPjhd chpikiag; ngz; iftpLfpd;whs;;. jdpr; nrhj;Jhpik gpd;
gp. ,uahfud;
061
etPdj;Jtr; (Vfhjpgj;jpar;) r%fj;jpy; [dehafj;ij> chpik ,og;G

kPjhd mq;fPfhukhfTk; tsHr;rp ngw;w epiyapy;> ,J Njrk; fle;j
#iwahliyg; nghUs; cw;gj;jpapy; nra;tJ Nghy;> mjpy; Njrq;fs;
chpikiar; Nrhuj;Jf;F cs;shf;Fk; tbtj;jpy;> ngz; Foe;ij
kPjhd chpikia Mzplk; tpl;L ntspNaWtijj; jPtpukhf;Ffpd;wJ..
xUjhu kzKiwjhd; etPdf;fhyf; fhjYf;F mbg;gilahFk;.
fhjy; vd;gJ GzHr;rpapd; Ntl;ifapy; vOe;j ,ay;ghd czHthf
Mz; - ngz;Zf;F ,ilapy; ,Ue;jJ. ,J ,iz kzj;jpy;
njhlq; f p> tP u f; f hjyhfp> gpd; d hy; ngw; N whH jP H khdpf; F k;
FLk;gj;Jf;Fs;shd fhjyhfp> fy;tp> nrhj;J> moF> tHf;fk;> rhjp....
vd;w tbtj;jpy; fhjy; etPdj;Jtk; ngw;wJ. ,e;jf; fhjy; $l
EfHTf;Fs; ,ae;jpuj; jd;ik ngw;W> jphpgile;J mjd; mHj;jj;jpy;
,Ue;J ,ope;Jtpl;lJ. etPdf; fhyf; fhjypy; jpUkz Ntl;iff;F
Ke;jpa epiyapy;> Mz; -ngz; fhjypg;gJ vd;gJk;> GzHr;rpapd;
gpd;dhy; ngz; kl;Lk; fhjypg;gJ vd;gJk; xU Nghf;fhf ,Ue;jJ.
,q;F Mz; fhjypg;gJ vd;gJ Mzpd; ghypay; Njitfspy; ,Ue;J
vOe;jJ vd;gJ tpjptpyf;fpd;wp vy;yh r%fj;jpYk; fhzg;gl;lJ>
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
ngz; jdpr; nrhj; J hpikia Mzplk; ,Ue; J Nghuhbg;
ngWfpd;wNghJ> (,q;F nrhj;Jhpikiag; ngw;wJ vd;gJ $ypiag;
ngw;wijf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ. kw;Wk; muh[fthjf; Nfhl;ghl;by; nrhj;J
fpilj; j jhf ek; G k; fw; g idahd rpe; j idfs; . ) ngz; z pd;
nrhj;Jhpikj; jdpj;JtNk mtspd; Rje;jpuj;jpd; tbtkhfpaJ.
,jdhy; ,e;jr; Rje;jpuk;; vd;gJ MZf;fhd GzHr;rpapd; jilia
,yFgLj;jpaJ. ,jdhy; Mz; fhjypg;gJ mtrpakw;wjhf;fpaJ.
,e; j g; Nghf; f py; Mzhjpf; f kakhFk; jdpr; n rhj; J hpikg; ; ngz; >
fhjypd; tbtj;ijf; iftpl;LtpLfpd;whs;. fhjypg;gJ ngz;zpd;
chpikahf ,Ue;j NghJk; ,J Mzpd; GzHr;rpapd; vy;iyapy;yh>
gyjhuj; njhlH EfHT GzHr;rp Ntl;iff;Ff; fk;gsk; tphpj;J
tuNtw;wJ. ,JNt vg;NghJk; Mzhjpf;f Mzpd; Nfhhpf;ifahf>
eilKiwahf ,Ue;Js;sJ. fhjypd; mHj;jk; gpd;etPdj;Jtj;jpy;
(Vfhjpgj;jpar; r%fj;jpy;) NkYk; ,of;fpd;w NghJ kpQ;RtJ tpgr;rhuk;
kl;LNk. ngz;zpd; chpik Mzhjpf;fj;jpy; ntJk;gpg; NghFk; NghJ>
Mzpd; Njitiag; G+Hj; j p nra; t ijAk; > ngz; tpgr; r huk;
nra;tijAk; vjhHj;jkhf;Ffpd;wJ.
062
gp. ,uahfud;
kjq;fSk; ngz;Zk;
r Kjhak;
cw;gj;jp vd;w mbf;fl;Lkhdk; rhHe;J

Mzhjpf;fkhf khwpa NghNj> ngz;zpd; midj;J mbg;gilf;
$WfSk; mijnahl;b khwpd> khwpr; nry;fpd;wd. ,jpy; rpWtopghL
Kjy; ngU topghL tiu Vw;wj;jho;thd Mzhjpf;f tbtj;ijf;
nfhz;L flTs;fs; GdH cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;ld. ngz; nja;tq;fs;
kdpjr; rKjhak; Nghy; > Mz; nja; t q; f spd; kidtpkhuhf
khw;wg;gl;ldH my;yJ cwTKiw Vw;gLj;jg;gl;L Mz; - ngz;
cwT topapy; ngz;fs; mbikg;gLj;jg;gl;ldH.
,aw;if rhHe;j caphpay; mikg;gpy; (,q;F ghy; hPjpapy;
Mz; ngz; gphpe;j caphpay; njhFjpapy;) ngz;fs; kW cw;gj;jpapy;
tpjptpyf;fpd;wp midj;J caphpdq;fSk; <LgLtJ vjhHj;jkhd
caphpay; tpjpahf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Mdhy; cyfpy; cs;s midj;J
kjq;fSk; cyfj;ijg; gilj;jJ Kjy; caphpdq;fisg; gilj;jJ
tiu Mz; flTs;fs; vd;gjpy; Kuz;ghbd;wpf; $Wk;NghJ> Mzhjpf;f
mikg; g pd; ,ilr; nrUfy; jpl; l tl; l khf ,aw; i ff; F vjpuhf
mk;gykhfpd;wJ. Mzhjpf;fr; rKjhaj;jpd; Mzhjpf;f tpisTfNs
,d;Ws;s kjq;fs; vd;gJ ,ijj; njspthf mk;gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
ngz; nja;tq;fs; vy;yhk; VNjh xU tifapy; Mzpd; itg;ghl;bahf
my;yJ mtHfspd; jatpy; thOk; tifapy; kjq;fs; Gide;J
cUthf;fpa midj;JNk> Mzhjpf;f kjkhf tf;fhpj;J ,Uf;fpd;wd.
,e;jg; gilg;Gfs; midj;Jk; ,aw;iff;Fg; Gwk;ghd tifapy;
cUthdjhf ,Ug;gJ Mzhjpf;f tf;fpuk;jhd;.
,aw; i fahd ngz; z pd; gilg; g hw; w iy Mzpd; iff; F
khw; w p cUthf; f pa midj; J kjg; g z; g hLfSk; tpjpfSk;
tpjptpyf;fpd;wp> Mzhjpf;fj;jpd; tf;fpuj;jhy; tPq;fpg;NghAs;sJ.
kWcw;gj;jpia ,aw;if rhHe;J vg;gb Mz; <LgLtJ rhj;jpak;
vd;w mbg;gilahd Nfs;tpNa> kjj;jpd; Mzhjpf;ff; fw;gidfisj;
jfHf;fg;NghJkhdJ.
gp. ,uahfud;
063
ehd; ,e; J > fpwp]; j tk; > K]; y pk; > gTj; j k; vd; w ehd; F
kjq;fisAk; Ma;Tf;F vLj;J> mjd; Mzhjpf;fj; jd;ikia
mk;gyg;gLj;j Kidfpd;Nwd;. kw;iwa kjq;fs; ,jw;F tpjptpyf;F
fpilahJ. Mdhy; kw;iwa kjq;fspd; E}y;fs; jkpopy; vdf;Ff;
fpilf;fhikahy; mijr; nra;aKbatpy;iy. Mdhy; mitfspy;
Mzhjpf;fk; Nkd;ikahfNth> FiwthfNth ,d;wp mk;kjq;fSk;
Mzhjpf;fj; jd;ikahy; GiuNahbg;NghAs;sJ. rKjhak; Mzhjpf;f
tbtpy; ,Wfpg; NghAs;sjhy;> mjpy; ,Ue;J cUthd ,d;iwa
ve;j kjKk; tpjptpyf;fw;wit. ehk; njhlHe;J jdpj;jdpahf ehd;F
kjj;ijAk; Muha;Nthk;.
Mzhjpf;ff; fpwp];jt kjKk; ngz;Zk;

,NaRtpd; gLnfhiyf; F g; gpd; d zpahf cs; s tuyhW
mf;fhyj;Jf;Fhpa tHf;fg;Nghuhl;lj;jpy; Kw;Nghf;fhd ghj;jpuj;ij
tfpj;jJ. Vio kf;fspd; Jauq;fisg; Nghf;f> Gjpa kjj; jj;Jtq;fs;
Clhfg; NghuhbaNghJ mtH gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhH. ,tiug;
gpd;gw;wp Viofspd; kjkhf tsHr;rp ngw;w fpwp];jt tuyhw;wpy;>
vy;yh Kw;Nghf;Fr; nraiyAk; Ruz;Lk; tHf;fk; cs;thq;fp> mjd;
capuhw; w iy mopg; g J Nghy; > ,NaRtpd; tHf; f mbg; g il
cs;slf;fj;ijr; rpijj;jdH. iggps;> ,NaRtpd; rPHjpUj;jj;Jf;F
cl; g l; l Mzhjpf; f f; $w; W fisAk; > Ruz; L k; tHf; f k; rhHe; J
,NaRthy; nkU$l;lg;gl;lJjhd;. ,ijNa ,NaR je;jhH vd;w
iggps; vLNfhs;> Kuz;ghl;Lld; gythf cs;s epiyapy; ,d;iwa
epiyf;F Vw;g ePf;fpAk;> NrHj;Jk; kWthrpg;G nra;Jk;
epahag;gLj;JtJk; epfo;thf cs;sJ.
,e; j tifapy; iggps; ngz; i z> Mzhjpf; f topapy;
mbikg;gLj;jp epahag;gLj;jpaJ. ,NaRtplk; ,Ue;j Mzhjpf;fj;jpy;
,Ue; J ngz; Z f; F r; rpy rYiffis> mthpd; Kw; N ghf; f hd
Nghuhl;lj;jpy; rPHjpUj;jj;jpD}lhf Mzhjpf;f vy;iyf;Fs; toq;f
Kw; g l; l NghJk; > Mzhjpf; f j; i j xopj; J f; f l; l tpUk; g tpy; i y.
,e;jtifapy; iggps; Mzhjpf;fj;jpd; xj;j KfkhfNt cs;sJ.
vd;djhd; ,d;W mij%bkiwf;f kWthrpg;ig kjq;fs; Kjy; gpd;
etPdj;Jt Vfhjpgj;jpaf; Nfhl;ghl;lhsHfs; Kay;fpd;w epiyapy;>
fpwp]; j t Mzhjpf; f j; i j mk; g yg; g Lj; j pj; Njhy; chpg; g J
mtrpakhfpd;wJ.
064
gp. ,uahfud;
cyfpy; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikapd; tsHr;rpapy; rPHjpUj;jq;fs;>

mijnahl; b a Nfhl; g hLfs; kjq; f shfpj; jdpr; n rhj; J hpikapd;
thhpRfshfpd. fpwp]; j t kjk; Viofspd; ek; g pf; i f xspahf>
mtHfspd; Jauj;ijf; fpwp];Jtpd; guNyhfj;jpy; tpLjiyahff;
fz;lJ. Mdhy; kf;fspd; ,e;j ek;gpf;ifia MSk; tHf;fq;fs;
cs;thq;fp kjkhf khw;wpaNghJ> mJNt mth;fis mlf;Fk; Gjpa
tbtkhfpaJ. ,J rKjhaj; j pd; Mzhjpf; f j; i jj; jdJ
cs;slf;fkhf;fpaJ. ,k;kjj;jpd; gy;NtW Kuz;gl;l kjg;gphpTfs;
ngz; Z f; F xOf; f j; i jg; Gfl; b aJ ; ngz; i z ,opthf; f paJ ;
ngz;iz mbikahf;fpaJ.
ngz;gw;wpa ,optpy; ,Ue;Nj jpUkz kWg;G fpwp];jtj;jpy;
gpujhdkhd xUtbtkhfpaJ. fpwp];jtf; FUkhH jpUkzk; nra;af;
$lhJ vd;w Nfhl;ghNl Mzhjpf;ff; fz;Nzhl;lk; nfhz;lJ@ ngz;
vjpHg;gpy; cUthdNj. ,jpy; ,Ue;J ngz; FUkhH vd;w Ngr;Nr
kWf;fg;gl;lJ. FUkhH Xupdr; NrHf;ifapYk;> fs;sj;jdkhd ghypay;
elj;ijapYk; xU tpfhuj;jdkhd [e;Jthf (ghk;G) tsHr;rp ngw;wdH.
Mdhy; ,d;W fpwp];jt tf;fpuj;ij kWj;Jf; FUkhHfs; jpUkzk;
nra;tJk;> mijtpl;L tpyfpr;nrd;W rhjhuz tho;f;if tho;tJk;
mjpfhpj;Jr; nry;Yfpd;wJ.
gpNu]pypy;; ele;j jpUkzkhd FUkhH rq;fj;jpd; ehd;fhtJ
kfhehl;L mwpf;ifapd;gb> cyfpy; xU ,yl;rk; FUkhHfs; kjj;jpd;
Mzhjpf;ff; flikapy; ,Ue;J tpyfpr; nrd;W jpUkzk; nra;Js;sdH.
jw;NghJ Ie;J FUkhUf;F xUtH jpUkzk; nra;fpd;wdH. gpNu]pypy;
kl;Lk; 3500 jpUkzk; nra;j FUkhH fhzg;gLfpd;wdH. mnkhpf;fhtpy;
kl; L k; 1982 ,y; ,Ue; J 400 fpwp]; j tf; FUkhH ghypay;
Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;F cs;shfpdH. mNjNeuk; 2500 FUkhH rpWtHfisg;
ghypay; hPjpahfj; njhy;iyf;Fs;shf;fpdH. ,dp ehk; iggpspd;
topapy; mtHfspd; Mzhjpf;fg; ngz; vjpHg;G $w;wpy; ,Ue;J
,itfisg; ghHg;Nghk;.
fpwp];jtj;jpd; gioa> kw;Wk; Gjpa iggpspy; vNg 5.22 ,y;>
~~kidtpfNs> fHj;jUf;Ff; fPo;g;gbfpwJNghy> cq;fs; nrhe;jg;
GU\Uf;Fk; fPo;g;gbAq;fs;.||14 vNg 5.23 ,y;> ~~fpwp];J rigf;Fj;
jiyahapUf;fpwJNghy> GU\Dk; kidtpf;Fj; jiyahapUf;fpwhd;.
mtNu rhPuj;jpw;Fk; ,ul;rfuhapUf;fpwhH.||14 vNg 5.24 ,y;> ~~Mifahy;>
rigahdJ fpwp];JTf;Ff; fPo;g;gbfpwJNghy kidtpfSk; jq;fs;
gp. ,uahfud;
065
nrhe; j g; GU\HfSf; F ve; j f; fhhpaj; j pNyAk; fP o ; g ; g be; j pUf; f

Ntz; L k; . || 14 vNg. 5.33 ,y; > ~~...kidtpAk; GU\dplj; j py;
gagf;jpahapUf;ff;fltJ|| 14 vd;W fpwp];jtk; ngz;izg; gf;jpapd;
gpd;dhy; fpwp];Jtpd; trdq;fs; Clhff; NfhUtjd; %yk;> jdJ
Rje;jpuk; jdJ chpikia MZf;fhf ,of;ff; NfhUfpd;wJ. Vd;
ngz; MZf;Ff; fPo;gbe;J> kjpj;J> gagf;jpahfg; ngz; ele;J
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;? ,ijg; ngz;Zf;F Mz; Vd; nra;af; $lhJ?
,J> ,Uf;Fk; Mzhjpf;fj; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikf;Fs;> Mzhjpf;fj;ijg;
gpujpgypj;Nj fpwp];jt kjk; cUthfpaijf;; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
Mzhjpf; f vjhHj; j k; kP J > fw; g idahd flTs; vd; w
fUj;JKjy;thjf; Nfhl;ghl;lhy; ,Wf;fpajd; %yk;> nghUs;Kjy;thj
vjhHj;jkhfpa ngz;zpd; Nghuhl;lj;ij kl;Lg;gLj;jKbe;jJ> rpijf;f
Kbe;jJ. flTspd; ngahpy; ngz;iz mlq;fp elf;ff; Nfhhpajd;
%yk; > ngz; z pd; Nghuhl; l j; i jg; gf; j pahf; f p Mzhjpf; f
td;Kiwiar; rPHjpUj;jKbe;jJ. flTspd; ngahpy; ek;gpf;ifia
cUthf;fp> ngz;iz mbikahf ,ay;gpy; tsHj;njLj;jjd; %yk;>
Mzhjpf; f td; K iw kl; L g; g Lj; j g; g l; l J. ,e; j g; gf; j pia>
ek; g pf; i fia> mbikj; j dj; i j kP W k; N ghJ nfhûkhd xOf; f
kPwyhfr; rpj;jhpj;J td;Kiwia VtpaJ.
Mz; - ngz; gu];guk; kjpg;Gk; khpahijAk; nfhz;L tho;tij
kWj; j kjk; > ngz; i z MZf; F mlq; f p Nrtfk; nra; A k; g b
epHg;ge;jpj;jJ. jiytdpd; Mzhjpf;fj;ij kjpj;J> fPo;g;gbe;J>
gagf;jpahf mlq;fp elf;ff; NfhUtNj fpwp];jtr; nra;jpahFk;.
flTSf;F xUtd; vg;gb mbikahfg; gaj;jhy; jdJ eyd; Nfhhp
topgLfpd;whNdh> mNjNghy; ngz; fztdplk; gaj;jhy;> mjpfhug;
gbepiyiar; nrhj;Jhpikahy; kjpf;fpd;whNsh> mijf; flTspd;
rpj;jkhf;Ftjd; %yk; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;whs;. ngz;zpd; cly;>
mtspd; nray;fs; vy;yhk; MZf;F cl;gl;litNa> mij kPWtJ
Fw;wkhf cs;sJ. Miz Nktpa nray;> thHj;ij> Nfhhpf;if
fpwp];jtj;Jf;F vjpuhdJ. mjhtJ> ,d;W kdpjHfspd; [dehafk;
gw;wpa ghHitapy; ngz; jdJ [dehafj;ijf; NfhUk; tuyhw;wpy;>
iggps; gbg;G Clhf Kuz;gl;l midj;J gioa> Gjpa kjg;gphpTfs;
NfhUtJk;> iggps; Mzhjpf;f tpsf;fj;ijf; fl;bf;fhg;gjw;Nf.
njhlHe;Jk; jPj;J 2.4 ,y;> ~~Njt trdk;> J}\pf;fg;glhjgbf;Fg;
ghypa ];jphPfs; jq;fs; GU\hplj;jpYk; jq;fs; gps;isfsplj;jpYk;
md;Gs;stHfSk;;. (fztdplk; vy;yh NtisfspYk; md;G fhl;l
066
gp. ,uahfud;
Ntz;Lk;.)15||14 ePjp 31.22.25 ,y;> ~~... nky;ypa GlitAk; ,uj;jhk;guKk;

mts; cLg; G . mts; cil gyKk; myq; f huKkhapUf; f pwJ>
tUq; f hyj; i jg; g w; w pAk; kfpo; f pwhs; .
(cq; f is mofhfTk;
Rj;jkhfTk; itj;Jf; nfhs;tJld; kyHe;j Kfj;JlDk; fhzg;gl
Ntz;Lk;.||)15||14 ePjp 31.26 ,y;> ~~jd; thia Qhdk; tpsq;fj; jpwf;fpwhs;.
jiaAs;s Nghjfk; mts; ehtpd; Nky; ,Uf;fpwJ. (NgRk;nghOJ
Qhdkhfj; jianghUe;jpa thHj;ijfisg; Ngr Ntz;Lk;)||15||14
jPj;J 2.5 ,y;> ~~njspe;j Gj;jpAs;stHfSk;> fw;Gs;stHfSk;>
tPl;by; jhpj;jpUf;fpwtHfSk;> ey;ytHfSk;> jq;fs; GU\Uf;Ff;
fP o ; g ; g bfpwtHfSkhapUf; F k; g b> mtHfSf; F g; gbg; g pf; f j; j f; f
ew; f hhpaq; f isg; Nghjpf; f pwtHfSkhapUf; F k; KjpHtaJs; s
];jphPfSf;Fg; Gj;jpnrhy;Y.||15 ePjp. 31.15 ,y;> ~~,Ul;NlhNl vOe;J
jd; tPl;lhUf;F Mfhuq;nfhLj;J.... (fztDf;Fg; gpbj;jkhd czit
chpa Neuj;jpy; ghpkhw Ntz;Lk;||)15|| 14 vNg 4.26 ePjp. 15.1 ,y;>
~~xUtNuhnlhUtH Nfhgj; J ld; gLf; i ff; F r; nry; y hjP H ||15 vd;W
fh;j;jhpd; ngahpy; fpwp];jt kjg;gphpT ngz;izf; NfhUfpd;wJ.
fztdpd; re;Njhrj;ijg; ngz; G+h;j;jp nra;a Ntz;Lk;;. Mzpd;
ghypay; Njitiag; G+Hj;jp nra;a mofhfTk;> Rj;jkhfTk;> kyHe;j
Kfj;Jld; ,Ug;gJld;> gLf;iff;Fg; NghFk;NghJ Nfhgj;Jld;
nry;yf; $lhJ vdf; NfhUfpd;wJ. mjhtJ ngz;zpd; flik
Mzpd; ghypay; Njitiag; G+Hj;jp nra;tjpy; rhHe;J cs;sJ
vd;gijf; NfhUfpd;wJ. mj;Jld; RWRWg;ghf tPl;by; jhpj;J> tPl;ilr;
Rj; j khfTk; xOq; f hfTk; guhkhpj; J > fztDf; F g; gpbj; j khd
czitg; ghpkhw Ntz;Lk; vd;W ngz;zpd; flik - xOf;fj;ij
epHg;ge;jpf;fpd;wJ. MZld; NgRk;NghJ mbik Nghy; Ngrp kfpof;
NfhUfpd;wJ.
ngz; tPl;il tpl;L Mzpd; flikiar; nra;ahJ ntspapy;
nry; y KidahJ> fztidg; guhkhpj; J czT jahhpj; J f;
nfhLg;gJk;> gLf;ifia myq;fhpg;gjpy; ftdk; nfhs;sTk; fpwp];jt
kjg;gphpTfs; NfhUfpd;wd. ngz;zpd; ,Ug;gplk; tPLk; mjw;F cl;gl;l
flikANk ngz;zpd; xOf;fj;jpd; Nkd;ik vd;gij Mzhjpf;f
kjk; xOf;fkhf;fpf; fz;fhzpf;fpd;wJ. ,J NkYk;> ,e;J kjj;ijg;
Nghy; mitfisNa mr;Rg;gprfhJ ngz;Zf;F epge;jidahf;fp>
mlf;fpnahLf;fp Ms;fpd;wJ. mj;Jld; ngz; ntspapy; elkhLtJ
fw;gw;w ngz;zpd; xOf;fk; vd;W tpjpe;Jiuf;fpd;wJ. mjdhy;>
ngz; tPl;by; Mzpd; flikiag; G+Hj;jp nra;af; NfhUfpd;wJ.
gp. ,uahfud;
067
eP j p. 31.13>15>21>27 ,y; > ~~vg; n ghOJk; RWRWg; g hapUf; f

Ntz;Lk;||15> ePjp. 31.31 ,y;> ~~mts; iffspd; gyid mtSf;Ff;
nfhLq; f s; > mtSila nra; i ffs; thry; f spd; mtisg;
Gff;fltJ|| 14 vd;W $Wtjd; %yk; kjk; ngz;zpd; ciog;ig
MZf;fhd Nritahff; fl;lhag;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. mjhtJ> MZf;Fr;
Nrit nra;tijr; RWRWg;ghfr; nra;aTk;> mjw;Fg; ghpfhukhff;
fztdpd; Gfo; ciuA+lhff; flikahf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. tho;tpd; kPjhd
[dehafk; > ngz; z pd; fbd ciog; i gf;
fztDf; f hd
NritA+lhfg; Gfo;e;J kWf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Kjyhspj;Jt mikg;G
njhopyhspiar; rYiff;Fs;Sk;> GfOf;Fs;Sk; mbikg;gLj;jp
Vkhw;wpr; Ruz;LtJ Nghy;> ngz;zpd; fbd ciog;igg; Gfo;e;Jk;>
ghpR nfhLj; J k; fl; b ypy; mts; czHr; r piar; #iwahbAk; >
Mzhjpf; f k; NfhNyhr; R tijg; iggps; flTspd; ngahpy;
epahag;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
kj;NjA 19.8 ,y;> ~~mjw;F mtH: cq;fs; kidtpfisj;
js;sptplyhnkd;W cq;fs; ,Uja fbdj;jpd; epkpj;jk; NkhNr
cq;fSf;F ,lk;nfhLj;jhH. MjpKjyha; mg;gbapUf;ftpy;iy||14
vd;W $wpajd; %yk; Mzpd; tpthfuj;J chpikia mq;fPfhpj;j
mNjNeuk; > ngz; z pd; chpik kWf; f g; g Lfpd; w J. Kd; G ,g; g b
,Ue;jjpy;iy vd;wjd; %yk;> Kd;G Mz; - ngz;zpd; ,Wf;f
kw;w ,izT ,Ue;jijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. mjhtJ> ,Wf;fkhd FLk;g
mikg;G ,y;yhj epiyapy; tpthfuj;Jk; mHj;jkpoe;J ,Ue;jJ.
gpd;dhy; ngz; njhpT nra;j xUjhuj; jpUkzj;ijg; ngz;Zf;F
kl; L khf Mz; khw; w pa NghJ> Mz; gyjhuj; jpUkzj; i jj;
jf;fitj;j tuyhw;wpy;> Mzpd; tptfhuj;ijf; fpwp];jt kjk; Vw;Wf;
nfhz;L ngz;Zf;F mij kWj;jij ,J fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
Mzhjpf; f r; r%fj; j py; ngz; kP j hd Mzpd; Nghfj; i j
Cl;Ltjw;F mjpfhuk;> nry;tk; Mfpad Jizepd;wd. mf;fhyj;jpy;
jhtPJ vd;gtH ,UtUilia kidtpkhiu (1rh.30.5> 2rh11.14-17>27)14
mgfhpj;jhH. mj;Jld; gy ngz;fis itj;jpUe;jNjhL mtHfisr;
rhFk; tiu tpjitfshf milj;J (1rh20.33)14 itj;jpUe;jhd;.
rhyNkhDf;Nfh 700 kidtpAk;> 300 kWkidahl;bAk; (,uh 11.3)14
,Ue;jijf; fpwp];jtk; epWTfpd;wJ. ,q;F mg;ngz;fspd; ghypay;
njhpT xUjhu kzj; j pd; GwtpisT vd; d vd; g J vkJ
Nfs;tpahfpd;wJ. mg;ngz;fs; jtpHf;f Kbahj Xhpdr; NrHf;ifiaj;
njhpe;njLj;jij epHg;ge;jpj;jJ. ,ij NkYk; J}z;l xU Mz; gy
068
gp. ,uahfud;
kidtpAld; xNu Neuj;jpy; nfhs;Sk; cwT> ,ay;gpy; ngz;fspilNa

ghypay; cwit ,aw; i ff; F g; Gwk; g hf Cf; F tpj; j J. Mz;
gyNgUld; nra;Ak; ghypay; $j;Jk; ngz;zpd; czHr;rp tpyq;fpl;l
,e;j ,lj;jpy;jhd;> ny];gpad; (Xhpdr; NrHf;if) me;jg; ngz;zpd;
jPHthfpaJ. Mdhy; ,J Mzhjpf;fj;Jf;F vjpuhd Nghuhl;lj;ij
kWg;gjhf ,d;W cs;sJ. Vd;?
Kjyhspj;Jt mikg;gpy; njhopyhsH kPjhd fhl;Lkpuz;bj;
-; j dkhd Ruz; l yhy; fp.gp. 19-Mk; E}w; w hz; b d; Muk; g j; j py;
jd; d pay; g hfr; rpyH NrHe; J cUthf; f pa fk; A +d; f s; tHf; f g;
Nghuhl;lj;jpd; tsHr;rpapy; vg;gb tHf;fg; Nghuhl;lj;Jf;F vjpuhf
muh[fthjf; Nfhl;ghlhf khwpaNjh> mNj Nghy;jhd; ,JTk;. ,d;W
ghypay; hPjpahf cliyr; re;ijg;gLj;Jk; Nftyj;ij kWg;NghH>
,jw;F khwhf> epHthzkhf tho;jy; Nghd;w Nfhl;ghl;il Kd;itj;J>
Mzhjpf; f j; i j vjpHj; J Nghuhlhj nraw; j s vy; i yf; F s;
Mzhjpf;fj;ijj; jf;f itf;fpd;wdNuh> mNjNghy; Xhpdr;NrHf;if
Nfhl;ghLfs; Mzhjpf;fj;ijg; ghJfhf;fpd;wd.
MZf;Fg; ngz; mbikg;gLjy;> kidtpay;yhj mbikg;
ngz;fis mf;fhyj;jpy; ghypaYf;Fg; gad;gLj;jpaijg; iggps;
mq;fPfhpf;fpd;wJ. Mjp 16.3 ,y;> MgpufhKf;F xU vfpg;jpa ngz;
,Ue;jijAk; mts; ngaH MfhH vd;gijAk; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ngz;izg;
gzj;jpd; %yk; mbikahf thq;Fjy; my;yJ Aj;jf; ifjpfs;
vd;w vy;iyf;Fs; ngz; mbikg;gLj;jg;gl;lijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
mbikg; ngz; kPjhd ghypay; Mjpf;fk; nfhz;L ,Ug;gJ Mzhjpf;f
vjhHj;jkhfpaJ. ngz;zpd; epiy vd;gJk; mts; kPJ> ghypay;
mjpfhuKk; Ruz;ly; mjpfhuKk; MFk;. xU kidtpf;Nf ,J
nghUe;Jk;NghJ mbikg; ngz;Zf;Ff; fw;gidf;F mg;ghw;gl;l
nfhLikahf ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
kdpjdpd; Njhw;wj;ij ,e;Jkj hpf; Ntjk; 10.86.23 ,y;>
~~kdpjcUtpy; khw;wg;gl;l ,e;j tpyh vYk;ghfpa guRit Kjy;
kdpjdhfpa kDtpd; kfshfTk;> mts; %ykhfg; gps;isfisj;
(,UgJ gps;isfs;) Njhw;Wtpj;jhd;|| 16 vd;fpwJ ,e;J kjk;. ,q;F
je;ijf;Fk; kfSf;Fkhd> cwTk;> gpd; rNfhju - rNfhjhpf;fhd
cwTk; $l Vw;fg;gl;lij kWf;ftpy;iy. ,d;iwa xOf;fj;ij
tpl md;W fw;gid Gidthd hpf;Ntjj;jpy; eilKiwia xl;b
Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. mj;Jld; ,jpy; ,Ue;J
rhjp vg;gbj; Njhd;wpaJ vd;gJ mjd; Kuz;ghlhFk;;.
gp. ,uahfud;
069
,NjhL xj;j fpwp];jt tpsf;fj;ijg; ghHg;Nghk;;. iggpspy;

Mjpahfkk; 2.21.22 ,y;>
~~flTshfpa naNfhth> kD\Df;F
maHe;j epj;jpiuAz;lhFk;gb nra;aNt mtd; epj;jpiuahfpg; Nghdhd;.
mtH mtd; tpyh vYk;Gfspnyhd;iwnaLj;J me;j ,lj;ijr;
rijapdhy; %btpl;lhH. flTshfpa naNfhth> kD\dpypUe;njLj;j
tpyh vYk;ig kD\pahf mikj;J cUthf;fp....||16 vd;W Fwpg;gpl;ljd;
%yk; ,e;J> fpwp];jtg; ngz;gpwg;G gw;wpa xw;Wikiaf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
mj;Jld; Mzpd; mq;fkhfg; ngz; khw;wg;gl;L Mzpd;
tpyhTf;Fl;gl;L mbikahf;fg;gl;lhs;. ,jpy; mLj;j cz;ik xd;Wk;
mk;gykhfpd;wJ. ,e;j xj;j ghHit Clhf Mhpah;fs; te;NjW
Fbfs; vd;gJ epWtg;gLfpd;wJ. Mhpah;fs; INuhg;gpa Njrj;jpy;
,Ue; J te; N jW Fbfshf ,Ue; j Jk; > fpwp]; j tj; J f; F Kd; N g
ngz;Zld; njhlHG gLj;jp tpyhvYk;G gw;wpa GidTfs; ,Ue;jij
mbg; g ilahff; nfhz; L > ngz; z pd; gpwg; i g xj; j jd; i kapy;
kjg;gz;ghlhf;f Kbe;jij epWTfpd;wJ.
kdpjdJ Njhw;wk; gw;wpa GidTfs; mtHfs; tho;e;j r%ff;
fz;Nzhl;lj;jpd; Nghf;fpy;> ePz;l gpstpd; gpd;Gk;> xNu kuigg;
gpd;gw;wp NtWgl;lij NkYk; ,J fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ngz;izg; gw;wpa
GidTk;> mbik xOf;fKk; xNu tuyhw;Wg; gpd;dzpapy; ,Ue;J
fpwp];jt> ,e;J kjq;fs; njhlq;fpaijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,NjNeuk;
fpwp];Jt kjk; kdpjj; Njhw;wj;ij Mjpahfkk; 2.7 ,y;> ~~flTshfpa
naNfhth> kdpjidj; jiuapdpd;nwLj;j kz;zpdhy; cUthf;fp>
Rthrj;ij mtd; ehrpapNy CjpdhH. mg;gbNa kD\d; capUs;s
Mj; J khthdhd; . || 16 ,g; g bNa kdpj cUthf; f j; i j kjq; f s;
tpjptpyf;fpd;wp fw;gidahf ,l;Lf;fhl;bd. ghpzhkf; nfhs;if
epWtg;gLtjw;F Kd; kdpjj; Njhw;wk; mwptpaYf;Fg; GjpuhfNt
,Ue; j J. kjj; j pd; tpsf; f j; i j kP W tJ mgj; j khf ,Ue; j J.
kPwpaNghJ kuzjz;lid ghprhff; fpilj;jJ.
mj;Jld; fpwp];jtk; ngz; gw;wpf; $Wtijg; ghHg;Nghk;.
Mjpahfkk; 3.15 ,y;> ~~cdf;Fk; ];jphPf;Fk;> cd; tpe;Jf;Fk; mts;
tpe;Jf;Fk; gif cz;lhf;FNtd;. mtH cd; jiyia eRf;FthH.
eP mtH Fjpq;fhiy eRf;Ftha;.||16 vrhah 54.1.5> fyhj;jpaH 4.26
,y;> ~~... mtDila tpe;J mtid Mjhpg;gtHfNs vd;gJk; njsptha;
,Uf;fpwJ. me;j ];jphp flTSila <lw;w Ml;rpf;F kidtpiag;
Nghd; w gw; i wAk; fP o ; g ; g bjiyAk; jtwhky; fhj; J tUfpw
flTshfpa..||16 vd;W Fwpg;gpl;l gFjpfs; ngz;zpd; fPo;epiyg;
070
gp. ,uahfud;
ghj;jpuj;ijf; flTspd; gf;jd; Nghy;> fztd; kPJ ngz; ,Uf;ff;

NfhUfpd;wJ. mjpfhug; gbepiyg;gb flTSf;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;l Mz;>
MZf;Ff; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l ngz; vd;w Nghf;fpy; fpwp];jt kjk;
xOf; f j; i j epiy epWj; j paJ. mj; J ld; MZf; F g; ngz; i z
vjpupilahff; fhl; L tJk; > Mzpd; tpe; i j vjpHj; j d; i kapy;
tpsf;FtJk; Mz; ngz;zpd; xUkpj;j> rkkhd tho;f;ifiag;
gpstpD}lhf kWf;fpd;wJ. Mz; ngz;zpd; jiyiaf; fPo; eRf;f>
ngz; fhiyf; fl;bg;gpbj;J tho Ntz;Lfpd;wJ. ngz; Mzpd;
fhypy; eRq;fpapUf;f> Mz; ngz;zpd; jiyia eRf;f> gifiaAk;
Kuz; g hl; i lAk; ghypay; tpe; J (tpe; J jw; N ghJ iggpspd;
kWthrpg;G+lhfr; Nrh;f;fg;gl;l gjk;. ,J fz;Lgpbj;Nj 150 tUlk;jhd;
Mfpd;wJ.) NtWghl;bd; %yk; epahag;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
Mjp-3.16> 2 ehsh 13.21> 1,uh 1.1.3-15> rhK 20.3 ,y;> Mz;fs;
ngz;fis Mjpf;fk; nra;ag; gpwe;jtHfs;. ngz;fs; MZf;F mbik
vd;w tpsf;fj;ijg; iggps; jUfpd;wJ. Mzhjpf;fk; ngz;zpd;
mbikj;jdj;jpy; mjpfhuj;ij epWtpaij ,J fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,J
md;W iggpspy; ,Ue;J ,d;WtiuAk; ,JNt Nghf;fhf cs;sJ.
~~eP cd; fztNdhNlad; w p NtW MltNdhL gLj; J
jPl;Lg;gl;bUe;jhapd; ,e;jr; rhgnky;yhk; vd;Nky; tUk;. rigapYs;s
midtUk; fz;L mQ;Rk;gb Mz;ltH cd;id vy;NyhUila
rhgq; f Sf; F k; cs; s hfr; nra; t huhf. mtH cd; fhy; f s;
mOfpg;NghfTk;> cd; tapW tPq;fp ntbj;Jg; NghfTk; nra;thuhf.
rgpf;fg;gl;l jz;zPH cd;tapw;wpy; tpoNt cd; fUg;ig tPq;fTk;>
cd; njhilfs; mOfTk; fltd||(,yf;fk; -165)17 iggps; gf;fk;
145-,y;> 20> 21-Mk; thpfs; ,g;gb $Wfpd;wJ. jdpr; nrhj;Jhpik
ghypay; cwit ,g; g bj; j hd; xOq; f ikj; j J. ngz; f s; kP J
fLikahd xOf;ff; Nfhitia tpjpe;Jiuj;jJ. md;W fpwp];jt
kjk; ,jw;fhfg; ngz;fisr; rpYitapy; miwe;J> neUg;gpy; ,l;lJ.
Mdhy; fpwp];jt kjk; cUthfp> tsHr;rp ngw;w ehLfspy>;
,d;W ngz;fs; ,ij kPwpaNghJ> ve;jr; rhgKk; ngz;fisr; rgpj;J
mopj;Jtpltpy;iy. tf;fpuk; gpbj;j fpwp];jtk; md;W kf;fisf;
ftHe;J nfhs;s> ghlfHfisj; jkJ nrhe;jg; ghypay; tf;fpuj;jpy;
,Ue;J cUthf;fpaJ. Mz; ghlfHfis eykbj;jjd; %yk; rpwe;j
ghlfuhf khw;wp> fpwp];jtr; rpe;jidfis cyfkakhf;fp> cyifj;
jkJ nghUshjhur; #iwahlYf;Fs;shf;fpdH. kdpj mwnewpfis
gp. ,uahfud;
071
vy;yhk; iftpl;L cUthf;fg;gl;l xOf;fk;> Mzhjpf;f kyl;Lj;

jdj;jpy; NfhNyhr;rpaJ. ngz;fspd; ,aw;if czHTfis eykbj;J>
mjpy; rgpf; f g; g l; l ngz; f s; > Mz; f spd; tuyhW Mzhjpf; f
xOf;fj;Jf;F vjpuhdit.
,e;jg; iggps; rhjpf; fl;likg;igj; jdJ r%fj;Jf;Fs;
nfhz;L jpUkzj;ijf; fl;Lg;gLj;jpaJ. ,ij ehk; v]; 10> ne.13.2331> rf 14.21> Nah 4.9-8.48 ,y;> fhzKbAk;. Gwr;rhjpg; ngz;fisj;
jpUkzk; nra; t J fHj; j Uf; F tpNuhjkhdJ vd; W k; > Gwr; r hjp
kidtpkhiu tpthfuj;J nra;tNj fHj;jhpd; mUs; ngw cjTk;
ew;fhhpak; vd;Wk; tpjpe;Jiuf;fpd;wJ. ,e;jpag; ghHg;gdpa ,e;J
kjj; j py; tsHr; r p ngw; w rhjp tbtj; j pyhd ngz; Z f; f hd
jpUkzj;jil> fpwp];jtr; r%fj;jpy; rhjpf;Fg; gpd;dhy; rhjpahf
tsHr;rp ngwtpy;iy. vy;yhehLfspYk; ,Ue;j ciog;G
gphptpidiaAk;> kf;fs; $l;lq;fspilNa epytpa gpsT+lhd jpUkzj;
jiliaAk;> fpwp];jtg; iggps; gpd;gw;wp> ngz;fspd; ghypay; njhpit
kl;Lg;gLj;jpaijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
md;W Mz;fs;
ngz;fSld; fijg;gNj ,opthdnjd;W
Mzhjpf;fr; rKjhaj;jhy; fUjg;gl;lJ. mU 4.27 ,y;> ,NaR ~~xU
ngz;NzhL NgRtijf; fz;L mtUila rPlHfs; tpag;gile;jdH||14
vd;fpd;w $w;wpy; ngz;Zld; NgRtJ Mz;fshy; jtpHf;fg;gl;lJ.
mJ Nftykhf> r%ff; Fw; w khf ,Ue; j J vd; g ijAk; NtW
fhl;Lfpd;wJ. Mz; ngz;zpd; gpsT ve;jsTf;F Nt&d;wp ,Ue;jJ
vd;gijAk; ,J fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,J ,d;wstpy; $l gy NtWgl;l
kl; l j; j py; eP b f; f pd; w J. ghypay; gw; w p mwpe; J nfhs; s y;
ghy; N tWghl; b y; rhj; j pakpy; i y. mjd; nkhop $l gpsTgl; L >
Mzhjpf; f vy; i yf; F s; kl; L k; rhj; j pakhfpd; w NghJ> mjd;
mjpHTf; F s; ; mtHfSf; f pilahd cwTfshfg; ghpzhkpf; F k;
re; j Hg; g j; i jg; gpsT jP t pukhf; f paJ. ,NaR Nghd; N whH Gjpa
cgNjrj; i j toq; F k; N ghJ> ngz; Z f; F r; rYif nfhLg; g J
mtrpakhfpd; w J. ,J ,d; W k; Gul; r pfspd; NghJ ngz; z pd;
gq;Fgw;Wjiy cWjp nra;a toq;Fk; rYiff;Fs;> ngz;zpd;
chpik gw; w pAk; > tpLjiy gw; w pAk; cWjp toq; f g; g Lfpd; w J.
rkzj;Jf;F vjpuhd ,e;J kjg; Nghuhl;lj;jpYk; ngz;fs; ehad;khuhf
caHj;jg;gl;ldH. ,g;gbNa ngz;fs; aho; fpLFNtypf;F ntspapy;
te;J GypfSf;fhf MAjNke;Jfpd;wdH. ,g;gb cyF vq;Fk; gy
tuyhWfs; ePz;L fplf;fpd;wJ.
072
gp. ,uahfud;
fztid ,of;Fk; tpjitj;jdj;ijg; ngz;zpd; ,opthfNt

fpwp];jtk; fUjpaJ. &j; 1.20-21..> ,ir 54.4> 1.23>10.2> rq; 24.6>NahG
22.9>24.3 ,y;> vgpNgh kuGg;gb fztid ,oe;jts; ,opthf;fg;gllhs;.
,];NuypaH jkJ tpjitg; ngz;fis ,opthf elj;jpaJld;>
fztdpd; ghtj;jpy; fye;jtshff; fUjg;gl;lhs;. ngz;fs; kPjhd
xUjhu kzj;ij> mjd; vy;iyapy; ,Wfpa tbtpy; fl;likf;f
Mz; mw;w midj;J tho;tpYk; ngz;zpd; Rje;jpuk; kWg;gij
mbg; g ilahff; nfhz; b Ue; j J. ngz; z pd; Rje; j puk; MZf; F
cl; g l; l Nj. Mz; ngz; z pd; Rje; j puj; i j ve; j vy; i yf; F s;
ifahs;tJ vd;gijf; fle;jfhyr; rka xOf;fq;fs; jPHkhdpj;Jr;
r%fkakhf;fpd. Mz; mw;w tho;T ngz;Zf;Fr; rhj;jpakw;wjhf
khwpaJ. tpjit Mzpd; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs;> mjd; vy;iyf;Fs;
tho;tJ epge;jidahdJ. ,e;J jHkk; tpjitia cld;fl;ilapd;
%yk; vhpj; j J. fpwp]; j tj; jHkk; ngz; z pd; ghypaiyf;
fl;Lg;gLj;jpaJ. ngz; kPWk; NghJ rpYitapy; miwe;J> neUg;gpl;L
capUld; nfhSj;jpaJ.
Mjp 38.14-19-,y;> tpjitapd; cLg;igf; fl;Lg;gLj;jpaJ.
tpjitf;Fhpa cilia cLf;ff; NfhhpaJ. mj;Jld; mg;ngz;>
gzk; gilj;j mjpfhu tHf;fj;jhy;> gy Jd;gj;ijr; (ghypay;
hPjpahfTk;) re;jpj;jpUg;gijAk; mwpaKbfpd;wJ. ngz;zpd; rhjhuz
cLg;G ngz;zpd; ghypay; kPjhdjhf milahsg;gLj;jp> Mzhjpf;fk;
tpjitapd; ghypaiyf; fl;Lg;gLj;j cLg;gpy; juk; jho;j;jpaJ.
,ijNa ,e;J jHkKk; nra;jJ. ,d;W Vfhjpgj;jpag; ngz;iz
cilA+lhf moFgLj;Jk;NghJk; ghypaiy ikakhf itj;Nj EfHTr;
re;ijia tphpthf;Ffpd;wJ. ngz;fs; jd;id moFgLj;Jk; NghJk;
,e; j g; gz; g hl; L vy; i yf; F s; j hd; jdJ Rje; j puj; i jg; gw; w pa
gpuikAld;> tpgr;rhu vy;iyf;Fs; jftikf;fpd;wdH.
iggpspd; cs; s lf; f j; j py; vit vy; y hk; [dehaf
tpNuhjkhdit vd;W ,d;iwa r%fk; fUJNkh mit vy;yhk;
ePf;fg;gl;L my;yJ mit kWthrpg;gpd; gpd; kiwf;fg;gl;Nl> Gjpa
tifapy;jhd; tpsf;fk; kl;Lk; ,d;wp iggpspd; cs;slf;fNk vkf;Ff;
fpilf;fpd;wJ. ,jw;F mg;ghy; gioa iggps;> Ma;Tfs;> jkpopy;
vkf; F f; fpilf; f tpy; i y. ,Ug; g ij kl; L k; nfhz; L ,e; j
Mzhjpf;fj;ijg; ghHf;f Kbfpd;wJ. ,JNt ,g;gb ,Uf;Fk; NghJ
KOikapy; mjd; Mzhjpf;fj;ijAk;> mjd; nfhûj;ijAk; Ghpe;J
nfhs; s KbAk; ; . cyifr; #iwahba nts; i s Mjpf; f
gp. ,uahfud;
073
,dj;jtHfspd; kjkhff; fpwp];jtk; ,Ue;jhy;> fpwp];jt kjj;

jiyik topfhl;lhy; ClhfNt Mf;fpukpg;Gfs; ele;jhy;> ,jd;
nfhûq;fs; vy;iyapy;yhj Mjpf;fthjkhf ,Ue;jJ. ,J jdJ
xOf;fj;ij cyf xOf;fkhf;f td;Kiwia Mjhukhff; nfhz;L
jdJ mjpfhu Efj;jbapy; Ml;lk; Nghl;lJ. ,J Mzhjpf;fj;ij
mbg; g ilahff; nfhz; L ngz; f isr; rpYitapy; jP itj; J f;
nfhSj;jpaJ.
iggpspy; vrhah 47.1>2>3>5>6>..... ,y;> ~~ghgpNyhd; Fkhuj;jpahfpa
fd;dpifNa> eP ,wq;fp kz;zpNy cl;fhU@ fy;Njahpd; Fkhuj;jpNa
jiuapNy cl;fhU@ cdf;Fr; rpq;fhrdkpy;iy@ eP nrUf;Ff;fhhpAk;
Rfr;nry;tpAk; vd;W ,dp miof;fg;gLtjpy;iy. ve;jpuj;ij vLj;J
khtiu@ cd; Kf; f hl; i l eP f ; f ptpL@ ntWq; f hYk; mk; k zj;
njhilAkha; MWfisf; fle;J Ngh@ cd; epHthzk; ntspg;gLk;@
cd; ,yr;ir fhzg;gLk;@ ehd; xUtidAk; ghuhky; ePjpiar;
rhpfl;LNtd;. fy;Njahpd; Fkhuj;jpNa! eP me;jfhuj;Jf;Fs; gpuNtrpj;J
nksdkha; cl; f hU@ ,dp eP ,uh[; [ paq; f spd; ehafpnad; W
miof;fg;gLtjpy;iy. ehd; vd; [dj;jpd;Nky; fLk; Nfhgkile;J>
vd; Rje;jpuj;ijg; ghpRj;jf; Fiyr;ryhf;fp> mtHfis cd; ifapy;
xg;Gf;nfhLj;Njd;; eP mtHfs;Nky; ,uf;fk; itahky;
KjpHtaJs;stHfspd;Nky; cd; Efj;ij kfh ghukhf;fp> vd;iwf;Fk;
ehafpaha; ,Ug;Ngd; vd;W nrhy;yp> ,e;jf; fhhpaq;fis ,Jtiuf;Fk;
cd; kdjpNy itahkYk;> mjd; Kbit epidahkYk; Nghdha;.
,g;nghOJ Rfr;nry;tpNa> tprhukpy;yhky; tho;fpwtNs! ehd;jhd;>
vd;idj;jtpu xUtUkpy;iy; ehd; tpjitahtjpy;iy> ehd; re;jhd
Nrjj;ij mwptjpy;iynad;W cd; ,Ujaj;jpNy nrhy;fpwtNs>
ehd; nrhy;Yfpwijf; Nfs;. re;jhd NrjKk; tpjitapUg;Gk; Mfpa
,t;tpuz;Lk; cdf;Fr; rLjpahf xNu ehspy; tUk;;. cd; jpushd
#dpaq;fspd; epkpj;jKk;> cd; ntFthd ];jk;gd tpj;ijfspd;
epkpj;jKk; mitfs; G+uzkha; cd;Nky; tUk;;. cd; Jd;khHf;fj;jpy;
eP jpl ek; g pf; i fahapUe; J > vd; i dg; ghHf; f pwtH xUtUk;
,y;iynad;wha;. cd; QhdKk; cd; mwpTNk cd;idf; nfLj;jJ.....||
,t;thW tf;fpukhfg; ngz;izj; jpl;br; rhgk; ,l;L> njhlUk;
,NaRtpd; Mzhjpf;fk;> ngz; vd;gjw;fhfg; ngz;iz mjpfhuj;jpy;
,Ue;J ,wf;fp> mtis tPl;by; ,Ue;J Ntiy nra;af; NfhUtJ
,d;Wtiu NfhNyhr;Rfpd;wJ. mj;Jld; mtis epHthzkhfTk;>
tpgr;rhhpahfTk; miyaf; Nfhhp ,iwtdpd; Mzhjpf;fk; rhgkpLfpwJ.
074
gp. ,uahfud;
Mz; tpjitahtjpy;iy vd;w mfq;fhuj;jpd; Clhf> ngz; tpjitj;

jdj;ijg; ngz;zpd; ,opthf;fpf;> nfhr;irg;gLj;jp epue;jukhf;FfpwJ
,NaR gf;jp khHf;fk;. mjpfhuk;> Mztk;> Mzhjpf;fj; jpkpH> ngz;
gw;wpa ,opTf; fz;Nzhl;lk; Mfpatw;iw ,jd; %yk; ,NaR
ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;whH.
,NaRTk;> mthpd; iggpSk; ngz;iz kpff; Nftykhfg;
gad;gLj;jpaJ kl;Lkpd;wp> ngz;izf; fw;gopf;fTk;> flj;jp gq;fpl;Lf;
nfhs;sTk; gpd; epw;ftpy;iy. ,ij vg;gb fh;j;jUk; iggpSk;
nra;fpd;wd vd;gijg; ghHg;Nghk;. vz; 31.32-40 ,y;> ~~giltPuH
nfhs;isapl;l nghUspy;> MW ,yl;rj;J vOgj;ijahapuk; (6>75>000)
MLfs;. vOgj;jPuhapuk; (72>000) khLfs;> mWgj;Njhuhapuk; (61>000)
fOijfSk; kPjpahapUe;jd. GU\ Nahfj;ij mwpahj ];jphPfspy;
Kg; g j; j P u hapuk; (32>000) NgH ,Ue; j hHfs; . Aj; j Q; n ra; a g;
NghdtHfSf;Ff; fpilj;j ghjpg;gq;fpd; njhifahtJ: MLfs; %d;W
,yl;rj;J Kg;gj;JNjohapuj;J Ie;E}W (3>37>500). ,e;j MLfspNy
fHj;jUf;Fg; gFjpahf te;jJ vOgj;ije;J.......||14 II rhK 12.11
,y;> ~~fHj;jH nrhy;YfpwJ vd;dntd;why;> ,Njh> ehd; cd; tPl;bNy
nghy;yhg;ig cd;Nky; vOk;gg;gz;zp> cd; fz;fs; ghHf;f> cd;
];jphPfis vLj;J> cdf;F mLj;jtDf;Ff; nfhLg;Ngd;> mtd;
,e;jr; #hpaDila ntspr;rj;jpNy cd; ];jphPfNshNl radpg;ghd;||14
vd;W ,NaR gpufldk; nra;fpd;whH.
,e;j trdq;fspd; gpd; gy ,d;W kiwf;fg;gl;L> ntl;bj;
jpUj;jg;gl;l epiyapYk;> ,JNt Mzhjpf;f ,NaRtpd; Mzhjpf;f
td;Kiwiaf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
,d;W ,itfis tpkHrpg;gjw;Fg; gjpy; kWthrpg;G Clhf
epahag; g Lj; J k; Vfhjpgj; j paj; jj; J ttpay; f is kP w pAk; ,J
mk;gyg;gLtijj; jLj;J epWj;jptplKbahJ. ,d;W gy kWthrpg;Gfs;
vy;yhk; iggpisg; ngz;zpayhff; fhl;LkhWk;> Mzhjpf;fj;ij
%bkiwf; F khWk; gpur; r huj; i jf; fl; l ikf; f pd; w dH. ,NaRTk; >
iggpSk; Aj;jj;jpy; kf;fsplkpUe;J nghUl;fis KOikahff;
nfhs;is mbj;jJld;> fd;dpg; ngz;fisf; flj;jp te;jdH. ngz;fs;
Mzpd; nrhe; j r; nrhj; J tbtpy; ,Ue; j jhYk; > fUjpajhYk; >
nghUl;fisg; Nghy; ngz;fisf; nfhs;isabj;jdH. gpd; mitfisg;
gq;fpl;lJld; fh;j;jUf;Fhpa gq;Fk; toq;fg;gl;lJ. ngz;fisg;
gphpj;Jg; gq;fpl;Lf; nfhz;ldH. ,e;jg; ngz;fs; kPJ fpwp];jt
gp. ,uahfud;
075
kjKk;> ,NaRTk; mtH rPlHfSk;> nra;jp nrhy;NthUk;> mijg;

ghJfhg;NghUk; fw;gopg;ig tpjptpyf;fpd;wp elj;jpdH. ,ijg; iggps;
Mzhjpf;f xOf;f KiwA+lhf epahag;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ngz;fs; Aj;jf;
ifjpfshfg; gpbf; f g; g l; l Jk; > fw; g opf; f g; g l; l Jk; fpwp]; j t
mwnewpahf ,NaR Vw;Wf; filg;gpbj;Jld;> jhDk; mjpy; gq;F
ngw;W mDgtpj;jhH. fpwp];jtKk; ,e;jf; nfhs;iffis> Mzhjpf;fj;
jpkpH ClhfNt> td;KiwA+lhfNt jd;id epiyepWj;jpf; nfhz;lJ.
,jd; rl;l xOq;F Mzhjpf;fj; jpkphpy; vOe;jJ. xUtd;
Fw;wk; rhl;lg;gl;lhy; mtd; kidtp> ngz; Foe;ijfisf; ifg;gw;wp
fw;gopf;f fh;j;jH Kd;epd;W VTtJld; mijf; fz;fhzpf;fTk;
gpd;epw;ftpy;iy. ,e;jtifapy; ifg;gw;wpa mg;ghtpg; ngz;fs; kPjhd
fw;gopg;igr; #hpa ntspr;rj;jpy;> gl;lg;gfypy;> ,NaR Kd;epiyapy;
gyH ghHf; f elj; j pdH. ,J fpwp]; j tj; J f; F kl; L ky; y .
jpUQhdrk;ge;jH rkzg; ngz;fisf; fw;gopf;ff; Nfhhp ,iwtdpd;
ngahpy; Njthuk; ghbdhH. ~~ngz;zfj;J vopy; murhf;fpag; Nga;
mkd; njd;dw; fw;gopf;fj; jpUTs;sNk||18 vd;W Nfhhp> rkzg;
ngz;fis ,e;J rkag; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; jiyik jhq;fpf; fw;gopj;jhH.
,J K];ypk; kjj;jpYk; egpfspd; mDkjpAld; ele;Js;sijj;
jpUf;Fu;Md; epahag; gLj;jpAs;sJ.
kjq;fs; ngz;iz ,opthff; fUjp> mtHfis Mz; ifg;gw;wp
mDgtpf;f> fw;gopf;f gpd;epd;wjpy;iy. ,ij mjd; jj;JthHj;j
E}y;fs; mq;ff
P hpj;jJld;> ,jd; Nka;gg
; hsHfs;> flTspd; mtjhuj;jpd;
gpd; tho;e;jtHfs; mDgtpj;J Rfk; fz;l Mzhjpf;fthjpfNs.
,tHfs; vg;NghJk; ngz;izg; ngz;zhf kjpj;jjpy;iy. jkJ
Mzhjpf;fg; ghypay; ntwpf;Fg; ngz;izg; gypahf;fpatHfs;. ,tHfs;
Nghjpj;j jj;Jtq;fspd; gpd;dhy; ngz;fspd; ,uj;jf; fz;zPiur;
Ritj;jtHfs;. ,ij ehk; vjpHj;J mk;gyg;gLj;jp mjd; midj;J
nray;js tbtq;fisAk; fsj;jpy; jfHf;fhj tiu mJ Mzhjpf;fr;
rfhg;jkhfNt ePbf;Fk;.
076
gp. ,uahfud;
Mzhjpf; f K]; y pk; kjKk;

ngz;Zk;
M zhjpf;fj;jpd; ,d;DnkhU tbtNk K];ypk; kjkhFk;.
tuyhw;W Xl;lj;jpy; fpwp];jtj;Jf;Fg;gpd; K];ypk; kjk; cUthd
NghJ> mf;fhyj;Jf;Nf chpa fpwp];jtj;ij tpl Kw;Nghf;fhd
ghj;jpuj;ij K];ypk; kjk; Mw;wpaJ. ,J ,Ue;j r%fj;jpd; rpy
%lg; g of; f tof; f q; f s; kP j hd khw; w j; J ld; rKjhaj; j py; rpy
Kd;Ndwpa rPHjpUj;jj;ij Kd;js;spaJ. ,J mf;fhyj;Jf;Nf chpa
gy jPHTfisr; rPHjpUj;jj;jpD}lhf Kd;itj;jJ. ,e;j tifapy;
ngz;fs; kPJ kjj;ij epiyepWj;Jk; tbtpy; rpy rPHjpUj;jj;ijAk;
Kd;itj;jJ. fpwp];jtk; Njhd;wpa NghJ ce;jg;gl;l r%f Mw;wiyg;
gpd;dhy; mit ,Wfpa ,aq;fpay; mw;w ,Wf;fkhd xOf;fkhf
khwpa NghJ> tsHr;rp ,Wfp [lkhdJ.
,JNghy; K];ypk; kjKk; r%fj;ij mLj;j fl;lj;Jf;F
efHj;jpagpd; fpwp];jt kjj;jpw;F vJ ele;jNjh mJNt ,jw;Fk;
tpjpahfpaJ. ,d;W fpwp];jt kjk; nghUshjhu khw;wj;jhy; Vw;gl;l
mjpHr;rpapy; rpije;j NghJk;> kjj;Jf;F ntspapy; r%fg; gha;r;riyf;
fz;lJ. K];ypk; kjk; gyk; ngw;w ehl;bd; nghUshjhuk;> Vfhjpgj;jpa
mikg;ghy; ghJfhf;fg;gLtjhy; jfHe;Jtpltpy;iy. ,jdhy;> mijg;
ghJfhf;Fk; Mzhjpf;f kjg; gpw;Nghf;Ffshy; ngz;zpd; ,opepiy
kpf Mokhdjhfj; Jd;gfukhdjhf khwpaJ.
,ij ehk; jpUf;Fu;Md; %yk; Muha;Nthk;. mj;. 2:222-223
,y;> ~~mJ xU J}a;ikaw;w epiy. MfNt> khjtplha;f; fhyj;jpy;
ngz;fis tpl;L tpyfpapUq;fs;. ....J}a;ikaile;Jtpl;lhy; my;yh`;
cq;fis
Vtpa Kiwg;gb mtHfsplk; nry;Yq;fs;.... cq;fs;
kidtpaH cq;fSf;Fhpa tpis epyq;fshtH. vdNt> ePq;fs; tpUk;Gk;
Kiwapy; cq;fSf;Fhpa tpisepyq;fSf;Fr; nry;Yq;fs;. NkYk;
cq;fSila tUq;fhyj;Jf;fhf Kd; $l;bNa VjhtJ nra;J
nfhs; t jpy; mf; f iw fhl; L q; f s; . || 19 ngz; z pd; khjtplha;
J}a;ikaw;wJ vd;gJ mwptpay; hPjpapy; md;W tpjpe;Jiuf;fg
;gltpy;iy. Vnddpd;> mf;fhyj;jpy; khjtplha; ,uj;jk; ntspNaWk;
xU epfo; r ; r pahfNt fUjg; g l; l Jld; > khjtplha; f ; f hd fhuzk;
gp. ,uahfud;
077
mz;ika fz;Lgpbg;ghFk;;. ,e;J kjk; khjtplhiaj;

J}a;ikaw;wjhff; fUjp> ngz;fis tpyf;fpaJ NghyNt> ,];yhk;
kjKk; tpyf;fpaJ. k#jpf;F Mz;fs; nry;tJ Nghy; ngz;fs;
xl;L nkhj;jkhfNt nry;yKbahj ,uz;lhk; gpui[ahf tho;tJk;>
,e;J kjj;jpy; ghHg;gdg; ngz;fNs Nfhapy; cl;gFjpf;Fr; nry;y
Kbahj epiyiaAk; ,q;F ftdj;jpy; vLg;gpd;> ngz;zpd; chpikapy;
kjq;fs; jkJ gpw;Nghf;iff; fhl;Ltijf; fhzKbAk;;. fpwp];jtk;>
ngz;fs; G+rhfuhf Kbahj Mzhjpf;fk; Nghd;W vy;yh kjq;fSk;
ngz;iz mbikg;gLj;jp itj;Js;sJ. ,jpy; ,Ue;Nj khjtplha;
Nghd;wit ngz;zpd; ,opthf;fg;gl;L> mRj;jkhdjhfg; Gide;J
mij MZf;Fg; Nghjpg;gJk;> ngz;iz xJf;FtJk; muq;NfWfpd;wJ.
ngz;iz tpis epyj;Jf;F xg;gpLk; jpUf;Fu;Md; ngz;izg;
gps;is ngw;Wg;NghLk; ,ae;jpukhfNt fUJfpd;wJ. rKjhaj;jpy;
G+kpiaj; jhahff; fUjp kjpj;jNghJ> ngz;zpd; jha;ik mijnahl;b
kjpg;Gf;Fs;shdJ. ,jd; gpd;dhy; ngz;iz Mzpd; chpikahf;fp>
nrhj;jhf;fpa NghJ> FHMd; ngz;zpd; chpikia kWf;fpd;wJ.
ngz; kPjhd chpikia> MZf;F tpyf;fg;gl;l epiyikfs; jtpHj;J>
kw; i wa epiyikfspy; tpUk; g pathW nray; g l ,]; y hk;
NfhUfpd;wJ. ,q;F ngz;zpd; chpik Kw;WKOjhfg; Gwf;fzpf;fg;
;gLfpd;wJ. mj;Jld; tUq;fhy Mzpd; thhpRfis cUthf;f ,e;jg;
G+kp gad; g Lfpd; w J vd; g ijAk; Rl; b f; f hl; b
ngz; > ghypay;
EfHTf;fhd ClfkhfTk;> gps;isngWk; ,ae;jpukhfTk; Fu;Md;
epiyepWj;Jfpd;wJ. fhyj;jhy; ,d;W ehk; ntF gpd;js;sg;gl;l
epiyapy;> Fu;Md; $w;Wfs;> ngz; kPjhd Mzhjpf;fj;ij mjd;
,Wfpa tbtpy; jpzpf;fpd;wJ.
mj;. 2-226-237 ,y;> tpthfuj;J kw;Wk; nrhj;Jhpik> ngz;zpd;
epiy njhlHghf tiuaWj;Js;sijg; ghHg;Nghk;. ~~tpthfuj;J nra;aj;
jPh;khdpj;j Mz; Fwpj;j jtizapy; tpLtpf;f Ntz;Lk;;. tpLtpf;fhJ
Jd;GWj;jpd; Fw;wkhFk;. ,e;j tpyfSf;Fg; gpd;> ngz; tpUk;gpd;
NtW xU Miz kzg;gijj; (kze;J nfhs;tijj;) jLj;jy;
Fw;wkhFk;. ngz;zpd; tpUg;G kjpf;fg;gl NfhUfpd;wJ. ,e;j epiyapy;
ghy;Fbf;Fk; Foe;ij ,Ug;gpd; fztdpd; tpUg;gg;gb Foe;ijf;F
,uz;L tUlk; ghy; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. mNjNeuk; Foe;ijf;fhd
nryTk;> jha;f;fhd nryitAk; je;ij nfhLg;gJld>; Foe;ijapd;
thhpRhpik je;ijf;Fr; NrUk;.; ,jpy; ,Ue;J tpyfpd; gu];gu tpUg;Gld;
tpyfKbAk;;. fztd; ,we;jhy; ehYkhjk; gj;J ehl;fs; fhj;jpUe;j
gpd;> kWjpUkzj;ijr; nra;aKbAk;;. ngz; fHg;gpzpahf ,Ue;jhy;
Foe; i j gpwf; F k; tiu fhj; j pUe; J jpUkzk; nra; a KbAk; ; .
078
gp. ,uahfud;
,j;jpUkzk; gfpuq;fkhfr; nra;aNtz;Lk;;. ,f;fhyj;Jf;F Kd;

myq;fhpg;gJ jilnra;ag;gl;lJ. tpthfuj;J nra;Ak; Mz; ngz;zpd;
tho;Tf;F mbg;gilahf VjhtJ nfhLf;fNtz;Lk;;. jpUkzj;Jf;F
Kd;> nfhLf;fj; jPHkhdpj;j gpd;> mg;ngz;Zld; clYwT nfhs;shJ
tpthfuj; J nra; a pd; mtd; nfhLf; f xj; J f; nfhz; l jpy;
miuthrpiaf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. fztd; ,we;jhy;> mg;ngz;
mt;tPl;by; thOk; chpikia xUtUlk; mDkjpj;jJ.||19
K];ypk; kjk; ,Ue;J te;j r%fj;jpd; kPJ> jdJ xOf;fr;
rl; l f; Nfhitiaf; Fu; M d; %yk; Vw; g Lj; j paNghJ> ngz; f s;
mDgtpj;j rpy Rje;jpuq;fs; kPJ rfpg;G jd;ik fhl;l Ntz;bapUe;jJ.
KfkJegpfs; jdJ tho;f;ifia tpjitAld; njhlq;fpa NghJk;>
tpthfuj; J kP J jdJ vjpHg; i gj; njhptpj; N j te; j hH. Mdhy;
r%fj;jpy; [dehaf vy;iyia mtuhy; kPwKbatpy;iy. Mz;fs;
~jyhf;| $wpg; ngz;izf; iftpl;L nry;YtJ mjpfhpj;jNghJ>
tpthfuj;Jf;F vjpuhfNt mtH gy re;jHg;gj;jpy; fUj;Jiuj;Js;shH.
mJNghy; xU ngz; jhd; tpthfuj;J nra;a cs;sjhf egpfs;
,lk; $wpaNghJ> mtH ,ij vjpHf;fpd;whH. mg;NghJ mg;ngz;
,J fl;lisah? my;yJ MNyhridah? vd;W Nfl;f> egpfs;
MNyhrid vd;W $wpg; gpd;thq;Ffpd;whH. mNjNeuk; mg;ngz;
egpfspd; $w;iw myl;rpagLj;jp tpthfuj;J nra;fpd;whH. ,j;jftiy
m];fH myp vQ;[pdpaH vOjpa ~~K];yPk; ngz;fSk; mtHfSila
chpikfSk;|| vd;w E}ypy; fhzKbfpd;wJ.
MfNt> muG r%fj;jpy;; ngz;$l tpthfuj;Jhpikia kpfr;
Rje;jpukhf mf;fhyj;jpy; nfhz;L ,Ue;jhs;. Mz;fs; vt;tsT
,yFthf tpthfuj; i jg; ngw; w dNuh mNj msTf; F g; ngz;
ngw;wpUe;jhs;. jdpr;nrhj;Jhpikapd; tsHr;rp ngw;w topapy; Mzpd;
tpthfuj;J ngz;izg; nghUspay; hPjpapy; gLNkhrkhd tho;f;iff;F
,l; L r; n rd; w J. mNj Neuk; nrhj; J hpikia itj; j pUe; N jhH>
tpthfuj;ij ,yFthf vLj;jdH. jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik Mjpf;fk; ngw;W
tsHe; j Nghf; f py; > ngz; f s; ghjpf; f g; g l; l epiyapy; > egpfs;
ngz;Zf;fhd nrhj;Jg; ghJfhg;ig itg;gjd; %yk;> ngz;zpd;
nghUshjhur; rPuopitj; jLf;f ngz;zpd; gq;F njspthf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
,J kw; i wa kjq; f spy; ,Ue; J NtWgl; l xU Kw; N ghf; f hd
tbtkhFk;;. tpthfuj;Jf;Fs;shFk; ngz; kW jpUkzk; nra;Ak;
chpikiaf; nfhz;bUe;jhs;. ,JTk; kw;w kjq;fspy; ,Ue;J xU
Kw;Nghf;fhd ghj;jpukhFk;;. ,J egpfspd; fz;Lgpbg;Ngh> my;yJ
Gjpa Gul; r pNah my; y . egpfs; ,Ue; j chpikiaj; jdJ
Nghjidfspy; mq;fPfhpj;J xOq;FgLj;jpdhH. mt;tsNt. Mdhy;
gp. ,uahfud;
079
gpd; d hy; khwpte; j jdpr; n rhj; J hpikapd; Mjpf; f k; ngz; z pd;

nrhj;Jhpikia Kw;whf Mzhjpf;f [dehafj;jpy; gpLq;fpaNghJ
Fu; M d; mjw; F ,irthf ,J ,d; W kWthrpg; G nra; J >
epahag;gLj;jpaJ. ngz;zpd; chpikfs; egpfspd; xOf;fg; gz;ghl;by;>
flTSf; f hd kjpg; G ld; jdpr; n rhj; J hpikahy; tpgr; r huk;
nra;ag;gl;lNghJ> flTs; nrhj;Jhpikapd; thhprhfpdhH.
ngz;zpd; tpthfuj;J> kWkzk;> Foe;ijapd; vjpHfhyk;>
ngz; z pd; nghUshjhug; ghJfhg; G Nghd; w d jdpr; n rhj; J hpik
tsHr;rpapy; ngz;Zf;F vjpuhf khwpr; nrd;w epiyapy;> ngz;zpd;
rPuopitg; ghJfhf;f egpfs; ,ijr; rPHjpUj;jpa xOf;fk;jhd; ngz;
gw;wpa Fu;Mdpd; tpsf;fkhFk;;. ,e;j xOf;ff; Nfhitia egpfs;
Vw;gLj;jpa mNjNeuk;> jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik Mjpf;fj;jhy; ngz; ,oe;J>
Mz; ngw;W te;j Mjpf;fj;ijAk;> mijnahl;ba egpfspd; Mzhjpf;f
xOf;fkhf;fpaij> njhlHe;J ehk; ghHg;Nghk;;.
mj; 4.3>4>7>11>12> ,y;> ~~mehij(ngz;)fSld; ePjkhf elf;f
,ayhJ vd;W ePq;fs; mQ;rpdhy; cq;fSf;F tpUg;gkhd ngz;fis
,uz; b uz; l hf> Kk; % d; w hf> ehd; F ehd; f hf
kzKbj; J f;
nfhs;Sq;fs;. Mdhy; ePjkhf elj;jpl KbahJ vd;W ePq;fs;
mQ;RtPHfshapd;> xU ngz;iz kl;Lk; kzKbj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;;
my;yJ cq;fs; fuq;fisr; nrhe;jkhf;fpf; nfhz;l ngz;fisNa
kidtpahf;fpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. mj;Jld; ePq;fs; mg;ngz;Zf;Ff;
nfhLf;Fk; md;gspg;ig Kw;whff; nfhLj;JtpLk;gb NfhUfpd;whH.
mg;ngz;zpd; mDkjp ,Ue;jhy; kl;Lk; Mz; mg;ngz;zpd; nrhj;jpy;
mDgtpf;fKbAk;;. ,we;jthpd; nrhj;jpy; Mz;> ngz;Zf;Fr; rkg;gq;F
toq; f f; NfhUfpd; w J. Foe; i jf; f hd
tplaj; j py; ngz; z pd;
nrhj;ijg; Nghy;> Mz; ,Uklq;F nryT nra;af; NfhUfpd;wJ.
mNjNeuk; xUthpd; nrhj;jpy; gq;F ngWtJ njhlHghf mtiur;
Rw;wpj; njspthfg; gq;F gphpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.||19 egpfs; ngz;top
r%fj;jpy; ,Ue;J Mz;topr; r%fk; tsHr;rp ngw;w epiyapy;
ngz;zpd; Jauj;jpy; ,Ue;J Mz;topr; r%fj;jpy; nra;j rPHjpUj;jNk
,it.
ngz; z pd; nghUshjhug; ghJfhg; G kP J mjpf ftdk;
nrYj;jpNa ,];yhk; kjj;ij epWt Kbe;jJ. egpfs; jd;tho;f;if
KOf;f elj;jpa gy gilnaLg;Gfspy; Mz;fspd; ,og;G ngz;fis
mehijahf;fpaJ. mNj Neuk; nfhy;yg;gl;l vjphpapd; kidtpfs;>
Foe;ijfs; mehijahjy;> kw;Wk; rpiwgpbf;fg;gl;l ngz;fs;> kw;Wk;
Aj; j j; j hy; ngz; f s; Mz; f isg; ngw Kbahj rP u opTfs;
080
gp. ,uahfud;
vjpHnfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,jdhy;> Mzhjpf;fr; r%fj;jpy; Mz;> ngz;

kP j hd Aj; j td; K iw> kw; W k; mehijfs; kP j hd ghypay;
mj; J kP w y; f isf; fl; L g; g Lj; j > MZf; F g; gy kidtpKiwia
xOf; f khf; f pdH. ,q; F ngz; f spd; chpik gw; w p mf; f iw
fhl;lg;gltpy;iy.
,e;j Mz;fspd; rYif> gy kidtpkhiu itj;jpUf;Fk;
chpik> ngz; tpthfuj;J vLg;gij mr;RWj;jpaJ.
tpthfuj; J hpikiag; ngz; z plk; ,Ue; J ,e; j Mzhjpf; f k;
kiwKfkhfg; gwpj;njLj;jNghJ> mJ MZf;Fr; rYifahf khwpaJ.
r%fj; j py; mjpfhpj; j ngz; z pd; vz; z pf; i f> gyjhukzj; i j
MZf;F toq;fpaJ. Mzpd; tpthfuj;Jhpik ngz;iz NkYk;
mbikahf;fp> ngz; kPjhd Mzpd; tpthfuj;J ngz;fisg; ghypay;
hPjpapy; mDgtpj;j gpd; tpthfuj;Jk;> Gjpa ngz;izg; gyjhu
kzj;Jf;Fs; ,izj;Jf; nfhs;tJk; vd;w egpfspd; ,e;jr; rPHjpUj;jk;
Mzhjpf;f topapy; NkYk; rPuope;J tsHr;rp ngw;wJ. ,J ngz;zpd;
nrhj;Jhpikg; ghJfhg;igf; Nfyp nra;jJ. ngz;izg; ghJfhf;f
toq;fpa nrhj;Jhpik Mzpd; gyjhu kzj;jpy; nrhj;J ,og;Gf;F
topfhl;baJ.
ngz; FLk;gj;ij tpl;L ntspNaWtJ mr;rj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;
rPuopTf;F ,l;Lr; nrd;wJ. Mz;fspd; fuq;fspy; rpf;fpa ngz;izj;
jpUkzk; nra;a egpfs; MNyhrid toq;Ffpd;whH. me;jsTf;F
Aj; j f; ifjpfshfg; ngz; f s; rpf; f paJk; > ghypay; hP j papy;
mDgtpj; j ijAk; egpfshy; jLf; f Kbatpy; i y. Aj; j j; i j
elj;jpatH Kd;dhy; ngz;fs; fw;gopf;fg;gl;L> rpijf;fg;gl;lNghJ>
jpUkzk; %yk; mijj; jzpf;f Kad;whNu xopa jLf;fNt (Vnddpd;
Aj;jj;jpy; ngz;iz miltJ Aj;j cw;rhfj;jpd; tbtkhf ,Ue;J
tUfpd; w J) Kbatpy; i y. mij mq; f P f hpj; j gbNa mijj;
jpUkzj;jpy; rhe;jg;gLj;j Kide;jhH.
,q; F ngz; f spd; gf; f j; j py; ,Ue; J egpfs; ,ij
mZftpy;iy. khwhf> Mzhjpf;fj;jpd; gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj mZfpa
egpfs; > Fu; M d; %yk; ngz; f Sf; F r; rpy ghJfhg; i g toq; f
Kide;jhH. Mdhy;> Mzhjpf;fr; r%fj;jpd; tsHr;rpf;F Kd;dhy;;
egpfspd; Nfhl;ghLfs; J}f;fpnawpag;gl;ld. mthpd; njhlHr;rpahd
Aj;jk; r%fj;ijr; rpijf;f> Mz; ngz;Zf;Fg; ghpR nfhLj;Jj;
jpUkzk; nra;jJ gbg;gbahf mtrpakw;wjhfp> vjpH epiyf;Ff;
ftpo;e;jJ. jdpr; nrhj;jpd; thhpRhpik MZf;F khw> mijg; ngWk;
tsHr;rpapy; Mz; nrhj;ijg; ngz;zplk; vjpHghHg;gJ mtrpakhfpaJ.
gp. ,uahfud;
081
r%fj; j py; ,Ue; J cUthd egpfs; jdJ Mzhjpf; f f;

fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy;> ngz;iz Mzpd; tpisepykhff; fUjpaJk;>
Mzpd; chpikia kPs cWjp nra;jJld;> ,d;iwa epiyf;F
Vw;g Mzhjpf;fj;ij K];ypk; kjk; Fu;Md; Clhf epWtKbe;jJ.
,ij NkYk; ghHg;Nghk;;.
ghfp];jhd; rpiwapy; cs;s 70 rjtPjkhd ngz; ifjpfisg;
nghyprhH ghypaypy; gy;NtW td;Kiwf;F cs;shf;Ffpd;wdH. 90
rjtPjkhd ngz;fSf;Fj; jhk; ve;jr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; milj;J
itf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;Nwhk; vdj; njupahJ. 50 Kjy; 80 rjtPjkhd
ngz;fs; ~~`;J}f;|| fPo; milf;fg;gl;L cs;sdH. ,r;rl;lk; ngz;izr;
re;Njfj;Jf;Fupa fhuzk; kl;LNk Fw;wthspahf;Ffpd;wJ. mNjNeuk;>
Mz;fSf;F ,r;rl;lg;gb ehd;F rhl;rpfs; %yNk Fw;wthsp vd
epWt KbAk;.20 Mdhy; `;J}f; rl;lk;> ngz;Zf;F vjpuhdjhf>
NkYk; Mzhjpf;fkhfj; jphpgile;jijNa NkYs;sJ fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
,jd; mbg;gilahd Mzhjpf;f tpsf;fj;ijg; ghHg;Nghk;.
mj; . 4.15>16>21>22> ,y; > ~~cq; f Sila ngz; f spy; vtH
khdf;Nflhd nray; Ghpe;JtpLfpd;whHfNsh> mtHfspd; Fw;wj;ij
epWt ehd;F rhl;rpiaf; nfhz;LthUq;fs;. mtHfs; rhl;rpaspj;J
tpl;lhy; mg;ngz;fSf;F kuzk;tiu> my;yJ my;yh`; mtHfSf;F
VNjDnkhU jPHg;ig toq;Fk;tiu mtHfis tPLfspy; jLj;J
itAq;fs;. tpjitg; ngz;fspd; thhpRjhuuhf ,Ue;J mg; ngz;zpd;
nrhj;ij mgfhpf;fhJ ,Uf;f NfhUfpd;wJ.||19
,e;j \hPM rl;lNk ngz;iz ,opTgLj;Jfpd;wJ. FHMd;
jd;dfj;Nj vd;djhd; kWthrpg;Gf;Fg; gpd;dhy; [dehaf Ntlk;
Nghl;lhYk;> ,];yhkpar; rl;lq;fs; vd;W tUfpd;wNghJ> nfhûkhfj;
jd; i d ntspg; g Lj; J fpd; w J. cjhuzkhfg; ghfp]; j hd; \hP M
rl;lj;ijj; njhlHe;J ngz;fspd; Jd;gk; vz;zpy; mlq;fhjthW
mjpfhpj;jJ. Mzhjpf;f epyg;gpuGj;Jt ,];yhkpa \hPM rl;lq;fs;
ngz; kPJ jdJ nfhûkhd mlf;FKiwiaf; ifahs;tij ~~ehq;fs;
Mz;fSf;fhfg; gilf;fg;gl;l khzpf;fq;fs;||(188)21 vd;w jiyg;gpyhd
fl;Liu njspthf;Ffpd;wJ.
ghfp];jhdpy; %d;W kzpNeuj;Jf;F xU fw;gopg;G elg;gjhfTk;>
65 rjtPjkhd fw;gopg;G ,sk; tajpdUf;F epfo;tJld;> ehd;fpy;
xd;W Fk;gy; ghypay; fw;gopg;ghfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ePjpkd;wj;Jf;F
tUk; tof; f py; ,]; y hkpa \hP M rl; l k; Mzhjpf; f k; rhHe; J
ngz;izj; Jd;GWj;Jfpd;wJ. ngz; kpff; Nftykhfr; rpijf;fg;
gLtJld;> ngz; Fw;wj;ij epWthtpl;lhy; mtSf;Ff; firabAk;>
082
gp. ,uahfud;
rpiwj; jz;lidAk; ghprspf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. fw;gopg;Gf;F Nkyhfg;

ngz; mjw;fhfj; jz;lidAk; \hPM rl;lk; toq;Ffpd;wJ. ,Jjhd;
egpfs; ngz;fSf;Ff; nfhLj;j Mzhjpf;ff; nfhilahFk;.
ngz;zpd; kPjhd re;Njfk; kw;Wk; Mzhjpf;f xOf;fk; gw;wpa
kjpg; g P l ; i l kP W k; ngz; f isj; jz; b f; F k; chpikia egpfs;
mq;fPfhpf;fpd;whH. mg;ngz;fis tPl;by; rpiwitf;Fk; mjpfhuj;ij
toq;fpajd; %yk; ngz;zpd; epahak; kWf;fg;gl;L Mzpd; mjpfhuk;
kjj;jhy; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;lJ. mj;Jld; ,d;W K];ypk; ngz;fs;
tPl;by; G+l;bitf;f ,JNt mbg;gilahfp> KOg; ngz;fisAk;
ghypay; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf; fz;fhzpg;Gf;Fs;shf;fpf; Fw;wthspahf;fj;
JizahdJ. ,J vy; i yaw; w tifapy; Mzhjpf; f tpsf; f k;
nfhLf;fTk;> rhl;rp vd;gJ Mzhjpf;fr; r%fr; rhl;rpahf> mJNt
xOf;f vy;iyahfpaJ. ,jdhy; tPl;by; njhlHr;rpahd rpiwf;Fs;
vy;yhg; ngz;fSk; js;sg;gl;Ls;sdH.
mj;4.22>23 ,y;> ~~je;ijahH jpUkzk; nra;j ngz;iz kfd;
jpUkzk; nra;ahJ ,Uf;ff; NfhUfpd;wJ. mj;Jld; ,J Kd;G
ele;J tpl;lJ. Mdhy;> ,J khdf;NflhdJk;> ntWf;fj; jf;fJk;>
fPo;j;jukhdJkhd elj;ijahFk;. jpUkzk; nra;a tpyf;fg;gl;l
ngz;fs; njhlHghfj; jha;> Gjy;tpfs;> rNfhjhpfs;> je;ijapd;
rNfhjuh;fs;> rNfhjuhpd; Gjy;tpfs;> ghY}l;ba kw;iwa jha;khH>
ghy;Fb rNfhjhpfs;> kidtpahhpd; jha;khH> kidtpapd; Kd;dhs;
fztDf;Fg; gpwe;j ngz;> cq;fs; kbapy; tsHe;j gps;isfs;
cld; jpUkzk;> ghypay; clYwT jtpHf;ff; Nfhug;gl;lJ. jpUkzk;
nra;Jk; kidtpAld; clYwT nfhs;stpy;iy vdpd; mtHfspd;
Kjy; jpUkzj;jpy; Foe;ijAld; clYwT nfhs;sKbAk;. kfd;
top kidtpAlDk; kw;Wk; kfs; top gps;isfSld; clYwT
jLf; f g; g l; l J. mj; J ld; ,U rNfhjhpfis kzg; g J jil
nra;ag;gl;lJ. Mdhy; ,it Kd;G ele;J tpl;lJ.||19
egpfspd; jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik Mzhjpf;fr; r%f xOf;fj;ij
kjj;jpD}lhf cWjpg;gLj;jp epWt Kw;gl;lNghJ> gioa Mz; ngz; cwtpy; fl; L g; g hL mtrpakhfpd; w J. ,e; j tifapy;
tiuKiwaw;w GzHr;rpiaj; jLg;gJ kl;Lkpd;wp> gpd;dhy; cUthd
Fyj;Jf;Ff; Fyk; ele;j jpUkzj;jpd; vr;rr; nrhr;rq;fisAk; jLg;gJ
mtrpakhfpd;wJ. ,e;j tifapy; ,U rNfhjhpfisj; jpUkzk;
nra; a j; jil tUfpd; w J. mj; J ld; tiuKiwaw; w GzHr; r pf;
fhyj;jpy; epytpa midj;J tif cwTfspd; vr;rr; nrhr;rq;fisAk;
jil nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. ~~,J Kd;dhy; ele;J tpl;lJ|| vd;wjd;
Clhf ,jd; tuyhw; W Mjhuj; i jf; Fu; M d; Vw; W f; nfhz; L
gp. ,uahfud;
083
jdpAilik xUjhukzj; i jg; ngz; f Sf; F k; > gyjhukzj; i j

MZf; F k; xOf; f khf; f paNghJ gioaijAk; > mjd; vr; r r;
nrhr;rj;ijAk; kWg;gJ Nftykhdjhff; fhl;b kWg;gJ
mtrpakhfpd;wJ. mJ vy;yh Mzhjpf;f xUjhukzj;ijg; Nghy;
fl;likf;fg;gl;lJ.
tiuKiwaw;w GzHr;rp vt;tsTf;Fr; Rje;jpukhf ,Ue;jNjh>
me;jsTf;Fk; r%f ,aq;fpay; tsHr;rpia kl;Lg;gLj;jp> kpUfj;jpd;
vy;iyapy; ePbj;jNjh> me;jsTf;Fg; gpd;jq;fpa ghypay; cwthf
ePbj;jJ. mjpy; ,Ue;J Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l jil r%fj;ij tsHr;rpf;F
cs;shf;fpa mNjNeuk;> ,J jdpr; nrhj;JhpikA+lhf ,aq;fpay;
tsHr;rpfz;l Mzhjpf;fj;jpd; tpisthy;> ngz;zpd; Rje;jpuj;ij
kl;Lg;gLj;j mbg;gilahfpaJ. ,J ngz;iz> Mzpd;
jdpr; n rhj; J hpik rhHe; J gpd; d pOgl; L tho itj; j jd; %yk;
rKjhaj;jpd; tsHr;rp ,aq;fpaYf;F Kuzhf Klkhf;fg;gl;lJ.
jpUkz tpyf; F vd; g J Mjpf; f j; j hYk; mjpfhuj; j hYk;
vy;iyg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,ij Muha;Nthk;. mj; 4.24>25 ,y;> ~~NkYk;
gpwUf;F kidtpauhf ,Uf;fpd;wtHfSk; (cq;fSf;F
tpyf;fg;gl;Ls;sdH. Mdhy; Aj;jj;jpy;) cq;fs; iftrk; te;J
tpl; l ngz; f s; tpjptpyf; f hdtHfs; . ,J ,iwr; rl; l khFk; .
,tHfisj; jtpu gzj; j pd; thapyhfg; ngz; i z miltJ
chpikahFk; ; . Mdhy; ,J epge; j idf; F cl; g l; l J. mjhtJ
jpUkzj;jpd; vy;iytiu nfhz;Lte;J tplNtz;Lk;;. ,jw;F Kd;
clYwT mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy. Mdhy; ,e;j vy;iyapy; clYwT
mDkjpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.|| 19
Aj;jk; ngz;fspd; kPjhd Gjpa Mzhjpf;f mlf;FKiwahf>
tpjptpyf; F ngz; Z f; F f; fw; g opg; g hf ,Ue; J s; s J. Aj; j j; j py;
nty;gtdpd; nrhj;jhfg; ngz;fs; ghypay; hPjpapy; Jd;GWj;jg;gl;ldH.
ngz; kPjhd fw;gopg;ig ,iwr; rl;lj;jpd; Clhf [dehafg;gLj;jpdH.
,jd; %yk; mePjpfs; ,iwr; rl;lj;jpD}lhfr; r%f mq;fPfhukhfpaJ.
egpfs; tho; e ; j fhyj; j py; elj; j pa Aj; j q; f spd; cw; r hfkhd
Mzhjpf;f ntw;wpf;F ,it epiwaNt gq;fhw;wpAs;sJ. ,jdhy;
jhd; Aj;jj;jpy; ifg;gw;wpa ngz;zpd; kPjhd Mzpd; chpik Fu;Md;
Rl; b f; f hl; b athW fw; g opg; G fspd; kP J ghJfhj; J epw; f pd; w J.
mg;ngz;fs; mbikahf> ghypay; EfHTg; gz;lkhf Mz;fspd;
fhybapy; ,];yhkpd; ngahpy; tPoj
; j
; g;gl;ldH. Aj;jg; ngz; ifjpfspd;
kPjhd ghypay; mjpfhuj;ijg; ngw;wtHfs;> jkJ mjpfhuj;jhy;
rfkdpjdpd; kidtpiaf; ifg;gw;WtJ mjpfhpj;jijj; njhlHe;J>
,J tpyf;fg;gl;Lj; jilnra;ag;gl;lJ.
084
gp. ,uahfud;
,e; j j; jilapYk; gzk; %yk; ngz; i z miltJ

mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;lJ. mjhtJ Aj;jj;jpy; #iwahbg; gzf;fhuuhd
mjpfhutHf; f k; gzj; i jf; nfhz; L rf kdpjdpd; kidtpia
miltJ epge;jidAld; mq;fPfhpj;jjd; %yk;> Mzhjpf;f Aj;jk;
ntw;wpfukhfj; njhlu Kbe;;jJ. ,jd; %yk; nrhj;Jila Mzhjpf;f
tHf;f eyd;fis egpfs; ,iwr; rl;lkhf;fpdhH. ,J ngz; kPjhd
Mzhjpf;f mjpfhuj;ij NkYk; %yjdj;Jf;F cl;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
,jidj; njhlHe;J ftdpg;Nghk;.
mj; 4.34>35 ,y;> ~~Mz;fs; ngz;fis epHtfpg;NghH MtH.
,jw;Ff; fhuzk; my;yh`; mtHfspy; rpyUf;Fr; rpyiutpl caHit
mspj;jpUf;fpwhd; vd;gJk;> Mz;fs; jq;fSila nry;tj;jpypUe;J
nryT nra;fpwhHfs; vd;gJkhFk;;. vdNt> xOf;fkhd ngz;fs;
fPo;gbe;Nj elg;ghHfs;. NkYk; Mz;fs; ,y;yhjNghJ (mg;ngz;fs;)
my;yhtpd; ghJfhg;gpYk;> fz;fhzpg;gpYk; ,Uf;fpd;w fhuzj;jhy;
mtHfspd; chpikfisg; NgZthHfs;. NkYk; ve;jg; ngz;fs;
Fwpj;J mtHfs; (jk; fztHfs;) khW nra;thHfs; vd;W ePq;fs;
mQ; R fpd; w P H fNsh me; j g; ngz; f Sf; F > ey; y wpT Gfl; L q; f s; ;
gLf;iffspypUe;Jk; mtHfis xJf;fp itAq;fs;; NkYk; mtHfis
mbAq;fs;.||19 ngz;fis MZf;Ff; fPo;g;gbe;J elf;ff; NfhUk;
Fu;Md; ngz;zpd; fPo;g;gbTf;fhd fhuzk; Mzpd; nry;tj;jpy;
tho;gts; vd;gij tpsf;Ffpd;wJ. ,e;jr; nry;tj;ij my;yh`;
nfhLj;jhH vd;w %yk; Mzhjpf;fj; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikia ,iwr;
rl;lkhf;fpdH.
,jd; kPjhd Nghuhl;lkpd;wp ngz; tpLjiy rhj;jpakpy;iy.
ngz; ,oe;JNghd nrhj;Jhpikia kPsg; ngWk; r%fkakhf;fy;
Nghuhl;lj;jpD}lhfNt> ngz;zpd; tpLjiy epge;jidahfpd;wJ. jdpr;
nrhj;JhpikNa ngz; mbikg;gl;ljw;Ff; fhuzk; vd;gij> egpfs;
Ghpe;J> mjdhy; ngz;fis mjw;Fl;gl;L thof; Nfhhpa msTf;F
,d;W ngz;zpiythjpfs; jdpr;nrhj;Jhpikf;fhd fhuzj;ijf; fhz
kWf;fpd;wdH. egpfs; mDgthPjpahf Aj;jj;jpy; nfhs;isabj;j
nry;tr; nropg;gpy; ngz; NkYk; NkYk; mbikahfr; rpije;J
nrd;wjw;fhd fhuzj;ij xU jj;Jtthjpf;Fhpa mDgtj;Jld;
rhpahfNt Ghpe;J nfhz;L tpsf;fpdhH. ,jdhy; ngz;fspd; chpikfs;
rpytw; i w epge; j idf; F l; g Lj; j p ghJfhf; f Kw; g l; l hH. Mdhy; >
Mzhjpf;fr; nrhj;Jhpik> Aj;jr; nropg;ghy; Ntfkhf tsHe;j NghJ>
ngz; z pd; mbikj; j dj; i j mq; f P f hpg; g J kl; L Nk egpfspd;
mjpfhuj;ij cWjp nra;Ak; r%f vy;iyahfapUe;jJ.
gp. ,uahfud;
085
,e;j mDgtj;ij vjhHj;jthjpahfj; njhFj;Jf; nfhz;l

egpfs;> ngz;zpd; mbikj;jdj;ijr; nrhj;Jhpikf;Fg; gpd;dhy;
rhpahfNt fz;lhH. ,jdbg;gilapy; tpsf;fpaJld; nrhj;Jhpikia
,iwtdpd; rl; l khff; fhl; b ajd; %yk; > Mzhjpf; f j; i jr;
rl;lkhf;fpdH. ,e;jsTf;F egpfs; Ghpe;jsTf;F khHf;rpaj;Jf;F vjpuhd
jpUj;jf; Nfhl;ghl;lhsHfs;> ngz;zpathjpfs; Ghpe;J nfhs;s> nrhe;j
tHf;f eyd;fSld; ghHf;f kWf;fpd;wdH. mjhtJ> khHf;rpaj;Jf;F
vjpuhd ngz;zpathjpfs; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikapd; Mjpf;f> Mzhjpf;fg;
Nghf;iff; fhz kWj;J> mJ gw;wpa nksdj;Jld; ngz;Zf;F
mjw;Fl;gl;l jPHit egpfs; topapy; kPsTk; itf;fpd;wdH.
ngz; z pd; nrhj; J hpik ,d; i kNa ngz; z pd; mbikj;
;jdj;Jf;Ff; fhuzk;> vd;gijf; Fu;Md; Vw;Wf;nfhz;Nl mbikj;
;jdj;ij epahag;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. mLj;J ngz;zpd; kPjhd Mzpd;
re;Njfk; mg;ngz;izf; fz;fhzpf;f KbAk;.; Gj;jpAk;> ghYwtpypUe;J
tpyfpAk;> mbf;fTk; my;yh`; mDkjpf;fpd;whH. ngz; kPjhd vy;yh
kdpjr; r%fKk; mbikg;gLj;jp vijr; nra;fpd;wNjh> mijNa
egpfspd; Mzhjpf;ff; fl;lisg;gb> gpd;dhy; Fu;MDk; mbf;f
mDkjpf;fpd;wJ. ngz;zpd; chpik> mtspd; [dehafk;> mtspd;
njhpT vy;yhk; ,];yhk; kWj;j ngz;iz mbf;f mDkjpj;jjd;
%yk; cz;ikapy; ,];yhk; ngz;fSf;F vjpuhf cs;s xUkjk;jhd;;.
,ijg; Nghw; w p tzq; F tJk; ghJfhg; g Jk; nrhe; j tpyq; i fg;
ghJfhf;fTk;> Mzplk; mb thq;fpr; rpWikg;glTk; jhd;. ,d;W
Mg;fhdp];jhd;> ghfp];jhd;> my;[Phpah... vd;W vq;Fk; ,];yhkpag;
Gul;rpiaf; NfhUgtHfSk; rhp> jdp ehl;ilf; NfhUgtHfSk; rhp
ngz;zpd; mbikj;jdj;ijf; Fu;Mdpd; topapy; mlf;fp xLf;fj;jhd;
vd; g ij mtHfspd; mjpfhuj; j py; rpf; f pa ngz; f spd; epiy
fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
mj; 24.23>24>25>26>31>33 ,y;> ~~fw;Gila> fs;sq;fglkw;w> ,iw
ek;gpf;if nfhz;l ngz;fs; kPJ vtH mtJ}W $Wfpd;whHfNsh
mtHfs; ,k;ikapYk; kWikapYk; rgpf;fg;gl;Ls;shHfs;. xOf;fq;
nfl; l ngz; f s; > xOf; f q; n fl; l Mz; f Sf; F k; > xOf; f q; n fl; l
Mz;fs;> xOf;fq;nfl;l ngz;fSf;Fk; chpatHfshtH. J}a;ikahd
ngz; f s; J}a; i kahd Mz; f Sf; F k; > J}a; i kahd Mz; f s;
J}a;ikahd ngz;fSf;Fk; chpatHfshtH. ,iwek;gpf;if nfhz;l
ngz;fsplk; $Wk;: mtHfs; jq;fSila ghHitfisg; Ngzpf;
nfhs;sl;Lk;. jq;fSila ntl;fj; jyq;fisg; ghJfhf;fl;Lk;.
jq;fSila moif ntspapy; fhl;lhjpUf;fl;Lk;. mjpypUe;J jhkhf
ntspNa njhpfpd;wtw;iwj; jtpu! NkYk;> jq;fSila khHGfs;
086
gp. ,uahfud;
kPJ jq;fs; Ke;jhidiag; Nghl;Lf; nfhs;sl;Lk;... xOf;ff;Nflhd

ngz; Kd; fz; z pakhd K]; y pk; ngz; jd; myq; f huj; i j
ntspg;gLj;jf; $lhJ. Vnddpd;> jtwhd Ntl;iff;F mg;ngz;
Jzpayhk; vd;gjhy;> mts; Kd; myq;fhuk; jtpHf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
......jhq;fs; kiwj;J itj;jpUf;Fk; jq;fspd; moif kf;fs; njhpe;J
nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd;gjw;fhfj; jq;fSila fhy;fisg; G+kpapy;
mbj;Jf; nfhz;L elf;f Ntz;Lk;. NkYk;> cyf tho;f;ifapy;
,yhgq;fisj; Njbf;nfhs;tjw;fhf cq;fs; mbikg; ngz;fis
tpgr;rhuj;jpw;fhfg; gyte;jg;gLj;jhjPHfs;.||91 ,iw topghL nfhz;l
fw;G ngz;zpd; mzpfyd; Mfpd;wJ. mts; kPJ Fw;wk; rhl;l
KbahJ. ,jw;F ,iwtd; rhl;rpahfpg; ghJfhg;ghH vd;wjd; %yk;
ngz;zplk; Mzhjpf;ff; fw;igg; Ngzf; NfhUfpd;wJ. Fu;Md;.
Mdhy;> ,J MZf;Ff; fz;Lk; fhzhJ tplg;gLfpd;wJ.
,jpy; ,Ue;Nj fw;G ,oe;j> xOf;fk; nfl;l ngz;> fw;G
mw;w MizNa jpUkzk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ xOf;fk;
Mzhjpf;f vy;iyahy; r%fj;ij ,uz;lhf;fp> xOf;fKs;std;
(,q;F xOf;fk; nrhj;Jhpik mjpfhuj;jhy; jPHkhdpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.)
jdJ nrhe;j gyj;jhy; rKjhaj;ij xOq;FgLj;j mjpfhuj;ijf;
ifahSk; NghJ vOe;jNj Fu;Md; MFk;. ,q;F kdpj czHTfis
Mzhjpf; f xOf; f j; j pd; Kd; Gwf; f zpj; J mlf; F Kiwfisg;
ghprspf;fpd;wJ. ngz;Zf;Fk; MZf;Fk; cLg;G> moF
ntspg; g Lj; J tjpy; NtWgl; l tifapy; Mzhjpf; f xOf; f k;
Kd;itf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ngz;zpd; moif kiwf;ff; NfhhpAk;> mtspd;
Kfj;ij %bf; fl;ba gpd; mtis tPl;by; G+l;b itf;Fk; Fu;Mdpy;
Mzhjpf;f tpsf;fk; MjhukhfTs;sJ.
K];ypk; r%fj;Jf;F kl;LNkahd Mzhjpf;f mlf;FKiwapd;
tbtkhf ePbf;Fk; Kfj;ij kiwf;Fk; /gHjh vd;w Mzhjpf;f
tbtk;> kw;iwa r%fj;jpy; NtWgl;l vy;iyf;Fs;jhd; cs;sJ.
,d;W ,ijNa Mg;fhdp];jhd; Kjy; jPtpu ,];yhkpa kjthjpfspd;
mjpfhuk; Vw;gl;l gpuNjrq;fspy;> ngz; Kfj;ij %bagb tPl;Lf;Fs;
milj;J tUk; Mzhjpf;f mjpfhu tbtq;fs;> ngz;zpd; ,ay;ghd
tho;f;ifiaf; $l eRf;fp xLf;Ffpd;wJ. jPtpuj; Njrpathjk; nfhz;l
vy;yh tyJ gphpTfSk; Mzhjpf;f vy;iyapy; ,Ue;Nj ,itfisf;
filg;gpbj;J tUfpd;wJ. ,ijnahj;j Mzhjpf;f xLf;FKiwfs;
gy;NtW rKjhaq;fspy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. cjhuzkhf> nfd;ah
ehl; b y; ngz; Foe; i jfs; gpwe; j Tld; mg; n gz; Foe; i japd;
ngz;ZWg;gpy; cs;s czHr;rpg; gFjpia ntl;b vwpag;gl;Lg; gpd;
ngz;ZWg;igj; ijj;J tpLthHfs;. mg;ngz; jpUkzk; Md gpd;Ng
gp. ,uahfud;
087
mj;ijaiy mWj;J> Mzhjpf;ff; fw;ig cWjp nra;fpd;wdH.

,jw;Fk; vk;ehl;by; ,Uf;Fk; gy;NtW Mzhjpf;f xOf;ff;Nfhitf;Fk;
mjpf NtWghby;iy.
Mz;fspd; fhkg; ghHitapy; ,Ue;J ngz;fisg; ghJfhf;Fk;
ftrkhf /gHjh cs;sJ vd;w thjKk;> /gHjhit mzpahky;
tpLtJ ngz; z pd; chpik vd; w NeH vjpH ghHitfSk;
Kd; i tf; f g; g Lfpd; w d. ,uz; L Nk rKjha hP j papy; Mzhjpf; f f;
$Wfisf; nfhz;lit. mjhtJ Mzhjpf;fj;jpd; fhkg; ghHitapy;
,Ue;J ghJfhf;Fk; ftrk; /gHjh vd;w $w;wpd; gpd;> Mzhjpf;fk;
jd;idAk;> jdJ Mzhjpf;f tf;fpuj;ijAk; epahag;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
Mzhjpf;ff; fhkj;jdj;ijg; ghJfhf;fTk;> mijf; fz;bf;fTk;
kWj;J kj xOf;fj;ij Mzhjpf;f topapy; NfhUfpd;wJ. kWGwk;
/gHjh mzpahky; tpLtJ ngz;zpd; chpik vd;gjd; %yk;> mijj;
J}f;fp tPRk;NghJ Mzhjpf;ff; fhkf; fz;Zf;Fj; jPdp Nghlg;
gLfpd;wJ.
,d;W Vfhjpgj;jpak; ngz;iz epHthzkhf;fp> rpdpkh Kjy;
flw;fiu tiu epWj;jpa vjhHj;j topapy; /gHjh Jwg;G> Mzpd;
fhkg; grpf;Fj; JizNghfpd;wJ. mjhtJ khHG njhpa Nkw;fpy;
ngz; jphptJ Nghy;> Kfk; njhpa K];ypk; ehLfspy; ngz; jphptJ
ngz; z pd; chpikahf ,Ug; g jpy; i y. khwhf> vg; N ghJk;
Mzhjpf;fj;jpd; Nfhhpf;ifahf cs;sJ. Mzhjpf;fj;jpd; kjg;
goikf; F k; > Vfhjpgj; j pa etP d j; J tj; J f; F kpilapy; cs; s
Kuz;ghl;by; ngz; kPjhd tpLjiy gw;wpAk;> ngz; kPjhd mlf;F
Kiw gw;wpAk; tpthjq;fs; xOf;fq;fs; Kd;itf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
ghl;lhsp tHf;fk; ,ij vg;gb mZFfpd;wJ. /gHjhitg;
ngz; mlf; F Kiwapd; rpd; d khff; fhz; f pd; w J. Mzhjpf; f
xOf; f j; J f; F f; ftrkhff; fhz; f pd; w J. ngz; z pd; ,Uz; l
fz; Z f; F g; gfiy kWf; F k; ftrkhfpd; w J ; Kfj; J f; F Kd;
Nghlg;gl;l ,Uk;G Ntypahfpd;wJ. ,jw;F Kd;dhy; r%fk; vd;w
,y;yw;Nwhdpf; ftrk; ngz;iz %b kiwf;fpd;wJ. Mdhy; ,ij
xopg; g jpy; Vfhjpgj; j pag; ngz; z paj; j py; ,Ue; J jpl; l tl; l khf
Kuz;gLfpd;wJ. mjhtJ> Mzhjpf;ff; fhkj;jdj;Jf;F vjpuhd
Nghuhl; l j; j py; Mizf; fz; b j; J > vjpHj; J Nghuhb mjw; F
KbTfl;Ltjd; %yk; /gHjhit xopf;f Kidfpd;wJ. /gHjhitf;
fow;Wfpd;w Vfhjpgj;jpaf; fhkg; ghHitf;F vjpuhd Nghuhl;lj;jpy;>
Vfhjpgj;jpa tf;fpuj;ij vjpHj;J mij xopf;Fk; Nghuhl;lj;jpy;
NfhUfpd; w J. ,e; j g; Nghuhl; l j; j py; ngz; f splj; j py; /gHjhit
088
gp. ,uahfud;
J}f;fpnawpaf; NfhUk;NghJ> Vfhjpgj;jpa tpgr;rhug; ngz;zpaj;Jf;F

vjpuhd Nghuhl;lj;jpYk;> goikahd Mzhjpf;ff; fz;Nzhl;lj;Jf;F
vjpuhd Nghuhl; l j; j pYk; NfhUfpd; w J. muh[fthjg; ngz; z pa
elj; i jfis vjpHf; f pd; w J. ,J Vfhjpgj; j pag; ngz; z paj; j py;
rq; f kpg; g ijg; giwrhw; W fpd; w J. nkhj; j j; j py; ngz; z paj; i j
Mzhjpf;fj;Jf;F vjpuhd tHf;f murpay; eilKiw Nghuhl;lj;jpy;
MAjghzpahfpagb> /gHjhit xopf;f NfhUfpd;wJ. mt;thW ,y;yhj
/gHjh xopg;G tpgr;rhukhf ,Ug;gij vjpHj;J mk;gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
fyg;G ,d kf;fs; cs;s ehLfspy; gHjhitf; fow;Wfpd;wNghJ
K];ypk; kj milahsj;ijg; ngz;fsplk; Jwf;ff; NfhUfpd;wJ.
,J midj;Jtif ngz;fisAk; nrhe;j kj milahsq;fisj;
Jwf;ff; NfhUtjd; %yk;> Mzhjpf;f kj milahsf; fhkg;
ghHitiar; rpijf;f NfhUfpd;wJ. ,jd; %yk; kj Mzhjpf;f
milahsq;fisAk;> /gHjh Nghd;w ngz; mbikr; rpd;dq;fisAk;
Nghuhl;lq;fspd; Clhf xopg;gij epge;jidahf;Ffpd;wJ. ,JNghd;W>
,]; y hk; kjk; ngz; Z f; F Vw; g Lj; j pa kw; n whU mlf; F Kiw
rpd;dj;ij Muha;Nthk;.
Fu;Md; moif kiwj;j gpd; tPjpapy; elf;Fk;NghJ> ngz;
tUtij ntspg;gLj;j fhyhy; cijj;J elf;ff; NfhUk; Mzhjpf;f
tf;fpuk; kjkhfpd;wJ. ,ay;ghd eilf;Fg; gjpy; Jd;gj;jpy; elf;ff;
NfhUk; tijapy; ngz;iz eRf;FfpwJ. ,e;j ,iwf; Nfhl;ghl;by;
ngz;iz tPl;by; G+l;bAk;> gy kidtpfis tPl;by; milj;Jk;>
mbikg; ngz;fshy; tPl;il epug;gpa gpd; ngz;zpd; ghypay; czHT
fl; L g; g Lj; j g; g l; l epiyapy; > ngz; f s; jkf; f pilapy; Xupdr;
NrHf;ifiaj; njhlq;FtJ jtpHf;f KbahjJ Mf;fpaJ. ,jdhy;
mg; g bg; g l; l ngz; f s; Kd; D k; Mzhjpf; f ,iwnkhop kP s Tk;
myq; f huj; i jj; jLf; f f; NfhUfpd; w J. ,aw; i fahd ghypay;
nray; g hl; i lf; fl; L g; g Lj; j p> gpd; gf; f tpisTfisj; jLf; f
ngz;Zf;Fg; Gjpa Mzhjpf;ff; fl;Lg;ghLfs; mtrpakhfpd;wJ.
Aj;jj;jpYk;> tWikapYk; ,];yhkpa Mz;fs; ifg;gw;wpa
ngz; f is tpgr; r huj; j py; <LgLj; j p rk; g hjpg; g J K]; y pk;
gz;ghlhfpaJ. ,jpy; Fu;Md; rPHjpUj;jk; nra;a mbikg; ngz;fisg;
gyhj;fhuk; nra;J tpgr;rhuj;jpy; <LgLj;j Ntz;lhk; vd;W Miz
toq;Ffpd;wJ. tpUk;gpatisg; gad;gLj;j mDkjpj;J Fu;Md; mijj;
jLj;Jtpltpy;iy. ve;jg; ngz; tpUk;gp tpgr;rhuj;ij ehLths;
vd; g ij egpfs; vOg; g pajpy; i y. cz; i kapy; ,jD}lhfr;
rKjhaj;jpy; ngz;fspd; Nghuhl;lj;ij kl;Lg;gLj;j rPHjpUj;jj;ijg;
GFj;jp my;yJ tpjptpyf;iff; nfhLj;J> Mzhjpf;fj;Jf;Fg; ghJfhg;G
gp. ,uahfud;
089
toq;fpaNj egpfspd; ngz; gw;wpa xOf;fkhf ,Ue;jJ. mbikg;

ngz; vd;gts; Mzpd; ghypay; gz;lk;jhd; vd;gij vy;yh cyf
mbik tuyhWfSk; fhl;Lfpd;wd. ,ijj; jLf;f ve;jr; rPHjpUj;jKk;
Kaytpy;iy. rpy tpyf;Ffis kl;LNk toq;fp te;jdH.
rpy Gul;rpfs>; rpy kf;fs; $l;lj;Jf;F kl;Lk; tpyf;F mspj;J
Gul; r p nra; j tDf; F r; rYif mspj; j J.
jdpr; n rhj; J hpik
vy; i yf; F s; s hd Mzhjpf; f g; Gul; r pfs; > ngz; f s; Nfhhpa
rPHjpUj;jq;fs; vy;yhk;
rpytw;Wf;Fr; rYif my;yJ khw;wk;>
,jw;F mg;ghy; vijAk; jhz;baitay;y.
Mzhjpf; f g; Gj; j kjKk; ngz; Z k;

2500 tUlk; goik tha;e;j Gj;jkjk; gw;wpa kjk; rhHe;j
jkpo; %y E}y;fs; ,d;ikahy;> fpilj;j juTfspy; ,Ue;Nj $l
Gj;jkjk; Xh; Mzhjpf;f kjkhf ,Ug;gijf; fhzKbAk;. Gj;jkjj;ij
Mzhjpf;fkw;w kjkhff; fhl;l KidAk; vy;yhg; Nghf;Ffspd;
gpd;Gk;> gpiog;Gj;jdNk vQ;rpf; fplf;fpd;wJ.
mk; N gj; f H ,e; J kjj; j pd; Mzhjpf; f j; i j Muha; e ; J
mk;gyg;gLj;jpa msTf;F> mtH gpd;dhy; jdJ G+HRth murpaypy;
,Ue;J topfhl;ba Gj;jkjj;jpd; Mzhjpf;fj;ij %b kiwj;jgbjhd;
kf;fis top elj;jKbe;jJ. rhjpak; kPJk;> ghHg;gdpaj;jpd; gy;NtW
kf; f s; t pNuhjf; Nfhl; g hl; L > eilKiw kP J k; Gj; j H fhl; b a
vjpHg;gpd;NghJk; $l> ngz;fspd; gpur;ridia xLf;fg;gl;l r%ff;
fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; vLj;Jf;nfhz;lJ fpilahJ. ngsj;jg; ngz;topr;
r%fj;jpd; vr;rr; nrhr;rj;ij mopj;J> NfhNyhr;rpte;j Mzhjpf;fr;
r%f mikg;ig vjpHj;J> jdJ kjj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;gptpltpy;iy.
Mzhjpf;ff; fl;liktpd; kPNj mtH ngsj;jj;ijg; Nghjpj;jhH.
ngz;fSf;F chpik toq;ff; Nfhhp mijr; Rw;wpapUe;j ngz;fSk;>
mthpd; gpujhd njhz;lHfSNk mtUf;F vjpuhfg;
NghuhlNtz;bapUe;jJ. ,jdhy; ngz;fSf;F Ntz;lhntWg;ghfNt
rpy chpikfisr; rYifahf toq;fpdhH.
,e;jg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd;NghJ> ngz;fSf;F Mde;jNjuH me;j];J
toq; F khW NfhhpaNghJ> Gj; j H ~~cd; D ld; fijf; F k; ngz;
090
gp. ,uahfud;
%j;jtuhdhy; mg;ngz; cdJ jha; Nghd;wts;. gpwngz;fisr;

rNfhjhpahf epidj;Jg; goF. vr;re;jHg;gj;jpYk; jdpahfg; ngz;Zld;
fijf;fhNj. Kbe;jtiu ,d;ndhUtiu itj;Jf; nfhz;LNgR||
(,yf;fk; 163)17 vd;Nw Nghjpf;fpd;whH. ,jd; gpd;dhy; ngz;fs;
Mz;fisf; ftHe;J nfLf;Fk; ghypay; MSik nfhz;l gz;gpdH
vd; g ijNa kiwKfkhff; $Wfpd; w hH. cz; i kapy; Mz;
mg; g bapUf; f mijg; ngz; Z f; f hd rpwg; G j; jFjpahff;
nfhr; i rg; g Lj; J fpd; w hH.
,ij ehk; rpwg; g hfg; Ghpe; J nfhs; s >
,af;fq;fspd; ngz;fs; gw;wpa ghHit> Gj;jhpd; epiyf;F xj;jNj.
Gypfs; cs;spl;l ,af;fq;fs; ngz;fis ,af;fj;jpy; ,izf;f
kWj;j NghJ $wpa fhuzk;> mtHfs; Nghuhl;lj;ijg; ghypay;
hPjpahfr; rpijj;JtpLthHfs; vd;gNj. gy;NtW ,af;fj;jpYk; rhp>
Fwpg;ghfj; jkpoPo Njrpa tpLjiy Kd;dzpapy; ,ize;J ,Ue;j
ngz;fs; ,af;fj;Jf;Fs; fhjypj;j NghJ> jiyikapy; ,Ue;j
xUrpyH khg;gps;is gpbf;fNt ngz;fs; ,izfpd;wdH vd;w fUj;ij
mikg;G tbtkhf;fpf; nfhr;irg;gLj;jpdH.
Gj; j H ngz; f isj; jhahfTk; > rNfhjhpahfTk; > kw; i wa
ngz;fSld; fijf;Fk;NghJ ,uz;lhk; Mis itj;Jg; NgR vd;fpd;w
NghJ> (,ijj; j hd; ,d; i wa Mzhjpf; f k; nghJthff; filg;
; g pbf; f pd; w J. ngz; Z f; F j; Jizahf kw; n whUtiuf; fhty;
itf;fpd;wJ.)> mjpy; ngz;fs; gw;wp Mzpd;> Mzhjpf;fg; ghHitNa
ntspg;gLfpd;wJ. ~Gj;jH fhyk; nghw;fhyk;| vd;gJ mg;gl;lkhd
Mzhjpf;ff;
fhykhFk;. ngz;izg; ghypay; hPjpahf mZfp>
fz;L tpsf;fk; nfhLf;Fk; Gj;jH> mijj;jhz;b ngz;iz ,q;F>
vf; f l; l j; j pYk; kdpjg; g pwtpahf mZfptpltpy; i y. fijg; g Nj
Mgj;jhdJ vd;wsTf;F> Gj;jhpd; Mzhjpf;fk; NfhNyhr;rpf; fple;jJ.
ngz;fSf;Fg; gjtp nfhLg;gijg; Gj;jH %d;W Kiw kWj;jhH.
Mde;jNjuhpd; gpbthjj;jhy; kl;LNk ngz;fSf;Fr; rpy rYif
toq; f g; g l; l jhf ~Gjgztpy; | $wg; g l; L s; s J. ,ijj; jtpu
ngz;fSf;fhd rl;lj;jpl;l Mzhjpf;f xOf;f tpjpfs; 227> 304
xJf;fg;gl;litahFk;. ~~ngz;fisr; rq;fj;jpy; NrHg;gijg; Gj;jH
Kjypy; tpUk; g tpy; i y. gpd; d H ngz; f s; vl; L newpfisf;
filg;gpbj;J xOfr; rk;kjpj;jhy; mtHfisr; rq;fj;jpy; NrHj;Jf;
nfhs;s||22 cld;gl;lhH. Mzhjpf;fk; vg;gb ngz;izf; fUJfpd;wNjh
mijNa Gj;jUk; Kd;itf;fpd;whH. mjdhy;jhd; xOf;ftpjpia
Kd;itj;J xOf rk;kjpj;jhy;> vd;gij tpNrlkhf Kd;nkhopfpd;whH.
Gj; j kjj; j py; ngz; f Sf; f hd rYiffs; Gj; j hpd; Mzhjpf; f
vjpHg;GfSf;F ClhfNt ngwg;gl;lJ.
gp. ,uahfud;
091
Gj;jH ngz;fis kdpjg;gpwtpahf kjpj;jjpy;iy. mthpd;

JwT $l ngz; ntWg;gpy; Vw;gl;lNj. ghypay; ,aw;ifahd czHT
vd; g ij kWj; J > Jwitg; Gj; j newpahf; f paNghJ ngz; i z
,opTgLj;JtJ> mjd; mbg;gilahfpd;wJ. ~~ghYwitf; fLikahf
vjpHj;J te;j...||23 Gj;jH> ngz; JwTf;F vjpuhd Nghfg;nghUshff;
fhz; f pd; w > Mzhjpf; f r; r%ff; fz; N zhl; l j; j pd; Mzhjpf; f g;
gpwtpahfNt ,Ue;jhH. ,jpy; ,Ue;Nj ngz; rhHe;j Mzhjpf;fg;
Nghfj; i jj; Jwf; F k; > Mzhjpf; f j; JwTf; fz; N zhl; l k;
ntspg;gl;lNghJ> JwT Gj;jkjj;jpd; Mzhjpf;f cs;slf;fkhfpd;wJ.
Gj; j H jdpr; n rhj; J hpikiaj; jdpkdpjdhff; iftpl; L JwT
G+z; l NghJ> gioa jdpr; n rhj; J hpikaw; w rKjhaj; j pd; xU
gpujpepjpf;Fhpa gpk;gkhd kaf;fj;ijf; nfhLj;jjd; Clhfg; ngUk;
nry;thf;Fg; ngw;whH. ,ij mtH gioa vr;rr; nrhr;r rKjhaj;jpy;
,Ue;J vLf;fhjJld; mij Nehf;fpr; nry;tij epidj;Jf;$l
ghHf;f Kbahj msTf;F mthpd; r%ff; fz;Nzhl;lk; caHFbj;
jd;ik nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,jdhy; ghypaypy; jdpr;nrhj;Jhpikapd;
tpisthd xUjhukzj;ijr; rKjha kakhf;fpdH.
Gj;jH tho;e;j fhyj;jpy;> Ke;jpa rKjhaj;jpd; ,izkzk;>
tiuKiwaw;w GzHr;rp> r%fr; nrhj;Jhpik vd vy;yh vr;rr;
nrhr;rKk; ,Ue;Jk;> mtH mijg; ghJfhf;fg; Nghuhltpy;iy. khwhf
,jw;F vjpuhfj; jdpr;nrhj;Jhpikapd; Nghf;fpy; mtH JwtpahdNghJ>
Mzhjpf;fj;jpd; gpujpepjpahfp ngz;fis ,opTgLj;jpdhH. ,ijj;
jhz;b Gj;jUld; neUq;fpa cwT ,Ue;jjhfr; Re;jhp> rpQ;ir
vd;w gpf;Fzpfs; $wpaNghJ> mtHfs; NtW kjj;ijr; NrHe;j
iff;$ypfs; vd;W J}w;wg;gl;l tuyhWk; Gj;jhpd; gpd; gjpTngw;Ws;sJ.
mLj;J ,aw;ifahd ,aw;if GzHr;rp Mzhjpf;fg; Nghfkhfpd;w
NghJ> mjpy; Vw;gLk; JwT Mzhjpf;f tbtkhfpNa ntspg;gLfpd;wJ.
,e;jg; Nghf;F vy;yh kjj;jpYk; Mq;fhq;Nf ntspg;gLj;Jtjpy;
risj; J tpltpy; i y. ,ijj; j hd; fpwp]; j t> A+j kjq; f Sk;
Mzhjpf;fj; Jwitg; gpd;gw;wp ifahz;ld.
xUjhu kzj;ijg; ngz;Zf;F kl;Lkhf ,Wf;fpajpy; Gj;jhpd;
gq;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. caHFb ngz;fspilNa kl;Lk; epytpa
Mzhjpf;f xUjhu kzj;ijg; nghUshjhu hPjpahf tho;e;j fPo;epiyg;
ngz;fSf;Fk; xOf;fkhf;fpajpy; Gj;jhpd; gq;F Mzhjpf;fj; jd;ik
nfhz;lit. ngz;topr; rKjhaj;jpy; epytpa xUjhukzk; my;yhj
,izkzj; i j> jdpr; n rhj; J hpik xUjhukzkhf khw; w paNghJ
nrhj;Jila caHFbg; ngz;fspd; xOf;fkhfNt mJ ,Ue;jJ.
Gj; j H caHFbf; FLk; g j; j py; gpwe; J > mjd; xOf; f j; i j
092
gp. ,uahfud;
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L> nghUshjhu hPjpahff; fPo;epiyapy; tho;e;j

kf;fspd; ,izkzq;fis tpgr;rhukhf tiuaWj;J> Mzhjpf;f
xUjhu kzj;ijg; ngz;Zf;F kl;Lk; ,Wf;fpajpy; Gj;jhpd; gq;F
njd;dhrpar; r%fq;fspy; fzprkhd gq;if tfpj;Js;sJ.
Gj;jH ngz;fs; gw;wp nfhz;bUe;j Mzhjpf;ff;
fz;Nzhl;lj;jpd; tpisthf> ngz;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjpy; mjpf
mf;fiw nfhz;bUe;jhH. rKjhaj;jpYk;> FLk;gj;jpYk; xt;nthU
kdpjdpdJk;> ngz;zpdJk; flikfis NtWgLj;jp tiuaWj;jjd;
%yk; ngz; i z mbikahfNt tiuaWj; j hH. ,jpy; ,Ue; N j
ngz; f isj; Jwtpahfg; Gj; j kjj; j py; ,izf; f kWj; J te; j hH.
Ntz;lh ntWg;ghfNtj; jtpHf;f KbahkNy ,Wjpapy; ,izj;jhH.
,tH rKjhaj;jpy; ngz;fSf;fhd xOf;f tpjpfis Mzhjpf;ff;
fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; tiuaWj;jhH. mijg; ghHg;Nghk;;.
MjpNtjr; rq; f q; f spd; ]; j hgdf; fhijapy; ~~Mz;
nka;nad;gJ rfyiuAk; Mz;L ,ul;rpf;Fk; GU\nddg;gLthd;.
ngz; nka;nad;gJ rfyuhYk; ,r;rpf;ff;$ba ];jphP vdg;gLths;.
,t;tpUtUs; Mz; nka; tPhpa thd;k tbtnkd;Wk; ngz; nka;
Ngij ahd;k tbtnkd;Wq; $wg;gLk;.||24 Mzhjpf;fr; rKjhaj;jpy;
Mzpd; caH epiyiag; Gj;jH mq;fPfhpj;Jg; ngz;izf; fPo;
epiyf;Fj; js;spaJ ,e;j topapy; jhd;;. MsTk;> nghUshjhu
hPjpahf kw;wtd; kPJ mjpfhuk; nrYj;jTk; MZf;F mq;fPfhuk;
jUk; Gj;jH> ngz; ghypay; hPjpahfg; gad;gLk; xU ghypay; nghUs;
vd;fpd;whH. Miz tPhpak; nfhz;ltdhfTk;> ngz;izg; Ngijg;
nghUshfTk; fhl; L k; Gj; j H> ngz; Z f; F vd; d tpLjiyiaj;
je;jpUf;fKbAk;? njhlHe;J ghHg;Nghk;.
~~Ngij ahd;k Njhw;wKs;s ePq;fs; rfyuhYk; ,r;rpf;ff;
$ba tbTs;stHfshjypd; ePq;fs; xt;nthUtUk; ehzk;> mr;rk;>
klk;> gapHg;ngd;Dk; ehd;F fw;gpd; jd;ikapy; epiyf;fNtz;Lk;...
1. md;dpa GU\H ahiuf;fz;lNghjpYk; ehzKw;W> jiy
ftpo;jYk;> jdJ Kfj;ijAk;> Njfj;ijAk; md;dpag; GU\Hfs;
fz;lhHfNsnad;W ntl;fkiljy;Ntz;Lk;.
2. jdJ fztDk;> ike;jHfSk; ,y;yj;jpy; ,y;yhjNghJ
mr;rtho;f;ifapy; ,y;ywk; elj;JjYk;> jdpNa ntspapw; NghFq;fhy;
xU rpWtidNaDk; ifahy; jhTnfhz;L nry;yYk;> md;dpag;
GU\H Kfq;fis Nehf;Fjw;Fg; gag;gLjYk;> jd; fztNd jd;id
ahz;Lul;rpf;Fk; Mz;ltdhjyhy; mtDf;F Ntz;ba gjhHj;jj;ij
gp. ,uahfud;
093
tl; b j; j Yk; > Ntzg; G rpg; i gaspj; j Yk; > epj; j piugLj; j Ykhfpa
nray;fspy; mtd; kdq; NfhzhJ jpUg;jpAWksTk; mr;rj;jpy;
epd;W Mde;jpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
3.md;dpag; GU\iuf; fhZkplj;J ntWg;giljYk;> jdf;Ff;
fpilj;Js;s Milfspy; jpUg;jpAw;W md;dpaH rpNu\;lthilfspy;
ntWg;giljYk;> jdf;Fs;s Mguzq;fspy; ntWg;giljYk;> jd;
fztdhy; fpilj;JtUk; Grpg;gpy; NghJkhd jpUg;jpAw;W md;dpaH
rpNu\; l Grpg; g py; ntWg; g iljYkhfpa nraYw; W > jdf; F f;
fpilj;jtiuapy; jpUg;jpailjy; Ntz;Lk;.
4.jdJ fztd; thf;Ff;F kPwhJ elj;jy; Kjy; xLf;fk;.
nghpNahHfsplk; mlq; f p thHj; i j NgRjy; ,uz; l hk; xLf; f k; .
fztDf;F vjpHnkhop NgrhjpUj;jy; %d;whk; xLf;fk;. fztdplk;
vf;fhYk; kpUJthd thHj;ij NgRjy; ehd;fhk; xLf;fk;. md;dpa
GU\Hfs; jd;idg; ghHf;fhknyhLf;fpf; nfhs;Sjy; Ie;jhk; xLf;fk;;.
md;dpaH nkr;Rk; Milahguzq;fisafw;wp> jd;fztd; jz; FspUk;
myq;fhpj;J epw;wy; Mwhk; xLf;fk;. jd;fztd; NjfKk; jd;NjfKk;
Ntwhfj; Njhd;wpDk; md;Gk; kdKk; xd;wha; xj;Jtho;jy; Vohk;
xLf;fk;. fztDf;Fg; gpd; Grpj;jYk;> fztDld; Grpj;jYk; vl;lhk;
xLf;fk;. fztDf;Fg; gpd; radpj;jYk;> cld; radpj;jYk; xd;gjhk;
xLf;fk;. gQ;rrPyj;jpd; xOf;f tpujq; fhj;jy; gj;jh nkhLf;fk;.|| 24
vy;yh kjq;fSk; vij vy;yhk; nrhy;Yfpd;wNjh mijj;jhd;
Gj;j kjKk; nrhd;dJ. kjq;fSf;fpilapy; ,jpy; rpy NtWghLfs;
,Ue; j NghJk; ngz; i z mbikg; g Lj; J tjpy; ve; j kjKk;
Kuz; g ltpy; i y. mk; N gj; f H Nghd; N whH Gj; j kjj; i jj; J}f; f p
epWj; j paNghJ> ,e; J kjj; j pd; Mzhjpf; f j; i j vjpHj; j J Nghy;
nra;ahJ> Gj;j kj Mzhjpf;fj;ij %bkiwj;jhH. ,d;W jypj;
Mzhjpf; f j; i j %bkiwj; J > jypj; n jd; w Nfh\j; j py; nra; A k;
$j;JNghy;jhd; mk;Ngj;fH nra;jhH.
Gj;j MjpNtjk; ngz;zpd; xOf;ftpjpfis tiuaWj;Jf;
$Wk; juTfs; mUq;fiyr;nrg;G topahfg; Nghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
ngz;zpd; flik> fw;gpd; tiuaiw> mbikahf ,Uf;Fk;
vy;iy vd Gj;jk; ngz;iz mbikg;gLj;Jk; xOf;ftpjpfs;> kdpj
ehfhpfj;jpd; Mzhjpf;f tpsf;fkhFk;. ngz;> Mz;fisf; fhz;gNj
Fw; w khFk; . vy; y hkjKk; ngz; i z tP l ; b y; milj; J jhd;
itj;jpUe;jJ. ,JNt ngz;zpd; fw;Gf;Fg; ghJfhg;ghFk;. mtspd;
cil gw;wpa tpsf;fq;fs; vy;yhk; vy;yh kjj;jpYk;
fhzg;gLgitjhd;. jpUkzj;jpy; nghJthf vy;yh kjKk; ngz;zpd;
094
gp. ,uahfud;
Kfj;ij %bf; nfhz;L tUk; tof;fk;> Mzhjpf;ff; fw;G Nfhl;ghl;bd;

mbg;gilapy; ngz; kw;iwa Mz;fisg; ghHf;f $lhJ vd;w fw;G
tpjpapy; ,Ue;J> FLk;gj;Jf;F ntspapy; Kjy; Mizf; fhz;gijf;
Fwpj;J epw;fpd;wJ. ,e;jpah kw;Wk; ,yq;ifapy; epfo;e;j fw;gopg;Gf;F
ePjpkd;wq;fs; toq;fpa jPHg;Gfspy; gy> ngz; Nghl;bUe;j cLg;G
rhHe;J ngz;izf; Fw;wthspahf;FtJ Mzhjpf;f kughf cs;sJ.
,yq;ifapy; rpq;fs ,dkf;fs; kj;jpapy; jpUkzj;jd;W Kjy;
,utpy; nts; i s Jzp tphpj; J > mLj; j ehs; ngz; cWg; i g
%bapUf;Fk; rt;Tfpoptpdhy; Vw;gLk; ,uj;jf;fiw Njb> ngz;zpd;
fw;igg; ghpNrhjpf;Fk; Mzhjpf;fj; jPHg;Gfs;> Gj;jj; jj;Jtj;jpy;
,Ue;Nj gpwf;fpd;wJ.
,JNghy; jpUkzj;jpy; ngz;zpd; fhypy; nkl;b NghLk; Kiw
md;dpa Mizf; fz;lhy; ngz; jiyjho;j;jp nkl;biag; ghHf;ff;
NfhUk; xOf;fk; xt;nthd;Wk; kjj;jpd; tpjpahFk;. ,e;j nkl;b
$l fd;dpg; ngz;Zf;F ,Ug;gjpy;iy. Ke;jpa fhyj;jpy; fd;dpg;
ngz;fs; jpUkzj;Jf;F Kd;> GzHr;rpf; fl;Lg;ghL ,y;yhijf;
fhl;Lfpd;wJ. jpUkzkhd ngz;zpd; fw;G xOf;fk;jhd;> nkl;b
NghLk; rlq;F vd;gij ,J fhl;Lfpd;wJ. gioa tof;fq;fs;
rKjhaj;jpy; khwpa NghJk; (,J fd;dpg; ngz;Zf;Fg; ghypay;
Rje;jpuk; kWf;fg;gl;L> fw;G xOf;fj;Jf;Fs; milj;jNghJk;)> mit
njhlHtjpy; ,Ue; J gioa rKjhaj; j pidg; Ghpe; j nfhs; s
Kbfpd;wJ. jhyp Ntypahf ,Ug;gJ vd;gJ> ngz;izr; rpiwitf;Fk;
elj;ij rhHe;jJ.
MjpNtj thf;fpa tptuf; fhijapy; ~~cq;fs; kidtpia
xUtd; ,r; r pf; f f; $ lhj vz; z q; n fhs; S tP H fshapd; md; d pad;
kidtpia ePqf
; s; ,r;rpahjpUq;fs;.||24 ,ijg; guhjg; gj;J rl;ltpjpfs;
$wpr; nry;Yfpd;wJ. Mzhjpf;f mikg;gpy; Mzpd; ,ay;ig ,J
fhl;Lfpd;wJ. nrhj;Jhpikapy; Mzpd; ,uj;j thhpR cwT fle;J
nry;Yk; re;Njfj;ijj; jLf;f> Mz; kw;iwa ngz;fis mZFtij
epWj; J tjd; %yk; > Mzpd; nrhe; j cilikahd kidtpapd;
xOf;fj;ijf; fw;G rhHe;J ghJfhf;f KbAk; vd;W ,jD}lhfg;
Gj;jk; $Wfpd;wJ. ngz; rhHe;J Gj;jk; Kd;itj;j Mzhjpf;f
xOf;ff; Nfhitapd; ntw;wpf;F> Mzpd; gq;ifAk; gq;fspg;igAk;
NfhhpNa ,e;j Mzhjpf;f tpsf;fk; tUfpd;wJ.
rJH rj;a fhijapy; ~~vd;tPL> vd;kidtp> vd;gps;is||24 vd;W
$Wtjd; %yk; Gj;jk; Mzpd; kjkhf ,Ue;jijj; njspthff;
fhl;Lfpd;wJ. mj;Jld; mr;rKjhaj;jpYk; vd; kidtp vd;wjd;
%yk; ngz; Mzpd; ntWk; nrhj;Jjhd; vd;gijj; Jy;ypakhf
gp. ,uahfud;
095
mk;gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. Mzpd; gy;NtW nrhj;J tifapy; ngz;Zk;

xU nrhj; J jhd; .
Gj; j rKjhaj; j py; ~~vd; t P L > vd; k idtp>
vd; g ps; i s|| 24 vd; g J tP z ; rpe; j id vd; W jdJ JwTf;
fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; kWj;jNghJk;> rKjha Mzhjpf;f xOf;fj;jpy;
,itfis mq;fPfhpj;j r%fj;ijf; fl;b ghJfhf;fpd;wJ. ,jpy;
,Ue;Nj ngz; kPjhd xOf;ftpjpfs; Mzpd; nrhj;jhf
vy;iyg;gLj;jpNa> Gj;jk; jd;idf; fl;baikj;jJ njhpfpwJ.
,J jdpr;nrhj;Jhpikapd; vy;yh tpisTfspYk; rkurk; fz;L
kf; f spd; xOf; f tpjpia Vw; g Lj; j pa mNjNeuk; > jdJ Jwtpy;
mitfspy; rpytw;iw kWj;jNghJk;> mij kPwhj r%f mikg;gpy;
gq; f spg; g ij cWjpnra; j dH. ,jd; %yk; > Gj; j kjk; jd; i d
Mzhjpf;fj; jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik kjkhf milahsg;gLj;jpajd; %yk;>
Mzhjpf; f r; rKjhar; nry; t hf; i fg; ngw; W tsHr; r pngw
Kbe;jJ.
kDTf; F k; >
nfsby; a H fhyj; J f; F k;
,ilapyhd
Mzhjpf; f tsHr; r pia xg; g ply;
ehk; ngz;zpd; chpik> flik> kw;Wk; Mzhjpf;fk;
njhlHghf Muha ntt; N tW tuyhw; W > ,Ufl; l q; f spd;
Mjhuq;fspy; ,Ue;J ghHg;Nghk;.
k DjHkj; i jg; ngz; f s; kP J Mzhjpf; f g; ghHg; g dpak;

jpzpf;Fk;Kd; rKjhak; vg;gbg;gl;ljhf ,Ue;jJ vd;gJ vk;Kd;
Nfs;tpahf cs;sJ my;yth? ~mjHtz Ntjk;| ngz;fs; cgeadk;
nra;aTk;> rpnusj;j #j;jpuq;fisf; $wTk;> Ntj ke;jpuq;fisg;
gapd;wijAk; cWjp nra;fpd;wJ. ghzpdpapd; ~m\;lhj;ahapy;| ngz;
FUFyj; j py; gapd; w ij cWjp nra; f pd; w J. gjQ; r ypapd;
~kfhgh\;aj;jpy;| ngz;fs; gapw;Wtpf;Fk; FUthf ,Ue;jij cWjp
nra;fpd;wJ. ngz;fs; jj;Jttpay;> rkak; Nghd;wtw;wpy; Mz;fSld;
tpthjk; nra;jij tuyhW epWTfpd;wJ.
,e;j tifapy; [dfUf;Fk; - fy;ghTf;Fk;> af;Qty;fpaUf;Fk;
- fhHf;fpf;Fk;> rq;fuhr;rhhpahUf;Fk; - tpj;ahjhpf;Fk;>
af;Qty;fpaUf;Fk; - ikj;Nuapf;Fk; ,ilapy; tpthjk; ele;jij
096
gp. ,uahfud;
kDTf;F Ke;jpa ,yf;fpaq;fs; cWjp nra;fpd;wd. ,e;jtifapy;

rpe;JKjy; fq;if tiu vd;w fy;ntl;L Mtz E}y; ngz; FUFyk;
nrd; w ijAk; > Mz; f s; cld; rhprkkhfg; gofpaijAk; > ghhpa
tpthjq;fspy; <Lgl;lijAk;> Aj;jj;jpy; ngz;fs; jkJ tPuj;ijf;
fhl;baijAk;> mNjNeuk; may; r%fk; gw;wpa $w;wpy; tiuKiwaw;w
GzHr; r p epytpaij xg; g P l ; L j; jd; i kAk; gy Mjhuq; f is
mf; f y; n tl; L E}y; Mjhug; g Lj; J fpd; w d. hpf; N tj ke; j puq; f s;
vOjpath;fspy; ngz;fs; ,Ue;Js;sdH. gbg;gjw;fhfj; jpUkzk;
nra;ahky; tho;e;j gpuk;kthjdpfs; gw;wp Gj;j - rkz E}y;fs;
ntspf; nfhz;Lte;Js;sJ. fT]hk;gpia Mz;l kd;ddpd; kfs;
n[ae;jp jpUkzk; Ghpahky; kjj;jpYk;> jj;Jtr; rpe;jidapYk;
jd;id mh;g;gzpj;jhH.
nfsby;ahpd; fhyj;jpy; Mz;fs; 16 tajpYk;> ngz;fs; 12
tajpYk; taJ te;jtHfshff; fUjg;gl;lJld; ,JNt jpUkz
tajhfTk; ,Ue;jJ. ngsjhazhpd; fpU`;a #j;jpuj;jpy; gUtk;
va;jpa gpd;Ng jpUkzq;fs; epfo;e;jij cWjp nra;fpd;wJ. Mdhy;
kDTf;Fg; gpe;jpa fhyj;jpy; rpWtaJ jpUkzq;fs; epfo;j;jg;gLk;
Mzhjpf;fj; jdpr;nrhj;J thhpR nff;fopg;G cUthdJ.
,e;jr; #j;jpuj;jpy; NtW xUtUld; cly; cwT nfhz;lij
kiwj;J jpUkzk; nra;jhy; mguhjk; tpjpf;fg;gl;lJld;> Mz;
ngz;Zf;Ff; nfhLf;Fk; rPjdg; gzj;ijj; jpUg;gpf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;
vd;w xOq;F ,Ue;jJ. ,jpy; ,Ue;J clYwT kiwf;fg;gLtNj
Fw;wkhfTk; fhzg;gl;lNj xopa> clYwT nfhs;sf; $lhJ vd;w
,d; i wa xOq; F md; W ,Uf; f tpy; i y. mJNghy; Mz; j hd;
ngz;Zf;Fr; rPjdk; nfhLf;Fk; jha; top vr;rr; nrhr;rk; ,Ue;jNj
xopa> ,d;W Nghy; ngz; rPjdk; nfhLf;Fk; Mzhjpf;f tbtk;
,Uf;ftpy;iy. mNjNeuk; Mz; ,j;jtiwr; nra;jhy; Mz; ,uz;L
klq; F mguhjKk; > Mz; nfhLf; F k; rP j dj; i jAk; $l Mz;
,oe; J tpLthd; vd; g ij tuyhw; W Mtzq; f s; njhptpf; f pd; w d.
rKjhaj;jpy; Mz; - ngz; gpsT Mzhjpf;f tbtkhf khwhj
my;yJ khw;wk; fz;Lte;j fhyf;fl;lkpJ.
,e;j tpjpapy; $l rpy ePf;Fg; Nghf;Ffs; Mz; rhHe;J
mDkjpf;fg;gl;L ,Ue;jd. Kjy; khjtplha; Vw;gl;L Kjy; %d;W
tUlj;jpd; gpd; jdJ rhjpiaAk;> me;j];ijAk; NrHe;j MZld;
cwT nfhs;tJ jtwhfhJ. mJNghy; NtW rhjp MZld; %d;W
tUlk; fopj;j epiyapy; mg;ngz; mzpfyd;fs; mzpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy
vd;why; clYwT nfhs;tJ jtwhfhJ.
gp. ,uahfud;
097
,e;jr; #j;jpuj;ij vOjpa nfsby;ah; xUjhu kzj;jpd;

gpujpepjpahf ,Ue;jtH. xU Mz; gy kidtpiaf; nfhs;tJ gw;wp:
xU ngz; capUld; ,Ue;Jk; Foe;ij ,y;iy vd;why; 8
tUlk; fopj;J NtW ngz;izj; jpUkzk; nra;aKbAk;. xU ngz;
,we;j Foe;ijiag; ngw;why; 10 tUlk; fhj;J ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;;.
ngz;Foe;ij njhlHe;J ngw;why; 12 tUlk; fhj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,t;tpjpia kPwpdhy; Mzpd; rPjdj;ijAk;> ghprj;ijAk; jpUg;gp
nfhLg;gJld;> Nghjpa e\;l <Lk; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;;. rPjdk;
nfhLj;Jj; jpUkzk; nra;ahjtHfs; rPjdk; nfhLj;Nj tpyfp kWkzk;
nra; a KbAk; ; . ,q; F ngz; Mz; Foe; i jiag; ngwf; N fhhp
mlf;fg;gl;lhs;. ,J ,d;Wk; ,e;jpahtpy; ,Ug;gJld;> ngz; rpRitf;
fUtpNyNa nfhy;tJk;> my;yJ gpwe;j gpd; nfhy;tJk; njhlUk;
tof;fhf cs;sJ.
Mz; my; y J ngz; Z f; f pilapy; Vw; g Lk; Kuz; g hl; b y;
jdpg;gl;l xUthpd; tpthfuj;J Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy. khwhf>
,UtUk; gif nfhz;l epiyapy; tpthfuj;J ngwf; $bajhf
,Ue; j J. kidtp mghakhdts; vdf; fUjpg; gphpAk; Mz;
jpUkzj;jpd;NghJ nfhLj;j midj;ijAk; jpUg;gpf; nfhLf;fNtz;Lk;;.
Mz; mghakhdtd; vdf; fUjp gphpAk; ngz; rPjdr; nrhj;Jhpikia
,oe; J tpLths; . jP a elj; i jAs; s fztid tpl; L kidtp
tpyfKbAk;;.
,itfspy; ,Ue; J MZf; F k; ngz; Z f; F k; nghUshjhu
NtWghl; i l xl; b a NtWghLfs; mDkjpf; f g; g l; l Nj xopa>
tho; f ; i fapy; Mz; - ngz; Z f; f pilapy; mjpf ,ilntspfs;
,Uf;ftpy;iy. ngz; nrhj;Jhpik nfhz;L ,Ue;jijAk;> mjd;
kPJ chpik nfhz;bUe;jijAk;> tpthfuj;Jhpik ngw;W ,Ue;jijAk;>
fy; t p fw; F k; chpik ngw; W ,Ue; j ijAk; ,d; i wa ehfhpfr;
r%fj; j pd;
kiyf; F k; kLTf; F k; ,ilapyhd NtWghl; L ld;
xg;gpLk;NghJ md;W ngz; kfpo;r;rpahf ,Ue;jijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
Mzplk; ,Ue;J [Ptdhk;rk; ngWk; jFjp ngz;Zf;F ,Ue;jJ.
jdJ czT> cil Nghd;wtw;iw Mzpd; trjpf;F cl;gl;Lg;
ngw> tho;f;if G+uhTk; chpik ngw;W ,Ue;jhs;. Mdhy; khkdhhpd;
FLk; g j; i jr; rhHe; N jh my; y J Rje; j pukhfNth tho; e ; j hy;
[Ptdhk;rj;ijg; ngwKbahJ.
xU ngz;zpd; ghJfhg;Gk;> tho;f;ifAk; cWjp nra;ag;gl;l
epiyapy;> ngz;Zf;F mit mtrpakw;w epiyapy; nghUshjhuf;
fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; tpyf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
098
gp. ,uahfud;
fztd; ,we;jhy; ngz; J}a tho;fi

; f tho tpUk;gpd; eiffs;>
rPjdk;> ghprj;jpd; vQ;rpa gFjpiaAk; mts; ngwKbAk;;. ,tw;iwg;
ngw;w gpd; kWkzk; nra;jhy; mijj; jpUg;gp nfhLg;gJld;> mjw;F
tl;bAk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;;. mts; kWkzk; nra;a tpUk;gpd;
fztDk; > khkdhUk; mg; n gz; Z f; F f; nfhLj; j nghUl; f isf;
nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;;.
,e;j kWkzk; ePz;lfhyk; gphpe;j kidtpf;Fk; nghUe;Jk;.
Mdhy; ,it fhy vy;iyfs; tiuaWf;fg;gl;L ,Ue;jd. ,e;j
kWkzq;fspy; khkdhH njhpe;J vLf;fhj xU Miz mts; njhpT
nra;jhy;> ngz; fztd; ,lk; ,Ue;Jk;> khkdhhplk; ,Ue;Jk; ngw;w
nghUl; f is ,oe; J tpLths; . ,we; j fzthpd; nrhj; J f; f is
kWkzk; nra;jgpd; ngz; chpik nfhz;lhl KbahJ.
xU ngz; kWkzk; nra;Ak; chpikia md;W ngw;W ,Ue;jhs;.
,q; F ,e; j kWkzj; j py; nrhj; J hpik kl; L Nk ahUf; F vd; w
tiuaiwf;Fs; jpUkzq;fs; rpy xOq;Ffisf; ifahz;lJ. jdpr;
nrhj;Jhpikapd; tsHr;rp Mz; - ngz; rhHe;J kdpj cwTfisj;
jPHkhdpj;jijAk;> mjw;Fs; Mz; - ngz; xOq;Ffs;> xOf;fq;fs;
ePbj;jijAk; fhzKbfpwJ.
,itfspy; J}a tho;f;if tho tpUk;gpa ngz; fztdpd;
nrhj;ij mDgtpf;fKbAk;;. kfd; my;yJ kfs; ,Ug;gpd; kWkzk;
nra;jhy; jdJ nrhj;ij tpUk;gpaJNghy; gad;gLj;j KbahJ.
mr;nrhj;J Gjy;tUf;Nf chpj;jhdJ. xU ngz; kWkzk; nra;Ak;
epiyapy; fztdpd; nrhj;ij mg;ngz; ,oe;J tpLths;. Mdhy;
kWkzk; nra;ahj epiyapy; mg;ngz; mr;nrhj;ij mDgtpf;f
KbAk;. ,q;F gps;isfs; ,Ug;gpd; mg;gb nra;a KbahJ.
Mdhy;> kDTf;Fg; gpe;jpa ghHg;gdpar; r%fj;jpy;> ngz;
nrhj;Jhpik gwpf;fg;gl;l epiyapy;> ngz;-Mzpd; jaTf;Fs; NkYk;
,Wf;fg;gl;lhs;. Kd;G fztd; ,we;jhYk; nrhj;Jhpik ngw;W
Rje;jpukhf thoTk;> kWkzk; nra;aTk; ,Ue;j chpikiag; gwpj;j
epiyapy; ,d; W > mjd; vy; i yf; F s; j hd; rpW rP H jpUj; j j; N jhL
ghHg;gdpa Mzhjpf;ff; fhl;Lkpuz;br;; rl;lk; cs;sJ.
,NjNeuk; kidtp ,we;jhy; mr;nrhj;J gps;isfisr; NrUk;.
,jpy; Mz; - ngz; NtWghL ,Ue;jjpy;iy. gps;is ,y;iy vd;why;
mr;nrhj;jpy; ,Ue;J fztd; nfhLj;j rPjdk; Nghd;witfis vLj;j
gpd;G> mit ngz;topf; FLk;gj;Jf;F kPsr; nry;Yk;.
kDTf;F Ke;jpa fhyj;jpy; #j;jpu> itrpa> rj;jphpa> gpuhkz
kidtpfs; Foe;ij ngwtpy;iy vd;why; ngz; FWfpa fhyk;
gp. ,uahfud;
099
gphpe;J nrd;w fztDf;fhf KiwNa xd;W> ,uz;L> %d;W> ehd;F

tUlk; fhj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Foe;ij ngw;w ngz; vd;why; NkYk;
Xuhz;L fhj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. mtsJ tho;f;iff;F Vw;ghL nra;J
,Ue;jhy; NkYs;sJ Nghy; ,uz;L klq;F fhyk; fhj;jpUf;fNtz;Lk;;.
,e;j trjpiaf; fztd; nra;atpy;iy vd;why;> mthpd; cwtpdH
ehd;F Kjy; vl;L Mz;Lfs; ghJfhf;fNtz;Lk;;. ,y;iynadpd;
jkJ nghUl;fis vLj;Jf;nfhz;L kWkzk; nra;Jnfhs;s tpl;Ltpl
Ntz;Lk;. ,q;F fy;tp fw;w gpuhkzd; FLk;gk; vd;why; mtd;
kidtp jdJ fztDf;fhfg; gj;J tUlKk;> mts; Foe;ij
ngw;wts; vd;why; gd;dpuz;L tUlKk;> muR Copahpd; kidtp
vd;why; MAs; G+uhTk; fztDf;fhff; fhj;jpUf;fNtz;Lk;. ,q;F
,dtpUj; j piaf; fUj; j py; nfhz; L fztdpd; Nfhj; j puj; j py;
xUtDld; Foe;ijiag; ngw;whYk;> mtis ntWf;fKbahJ. ,e;j
,lj;jpy; ngz; tho topiaf; fztNdh> cwtpdNuh Vw;ghL nra;a
tpy;iy vd;why; mts; kWkzk; nra;aKbAk;.
,e;j tof;F kDjHkj;Jf;F Ke;jpa r%ff; fz;Nzhl;lkhf
,Ue;jJ. rKjhaj;jpd; ghHg;gdpa mjpfhuk; ikag; ngz;zpd;
czHTfs; kjpf;fg;gLtJ kWf;fg;gl;lij ,d;iwa epiyAld;
xg;gpl;Lf; fhzKbAk;. md;W r%fj;jpd; jPHkhdq;fs; vLf;Fk; chpik
kf;fsplk; ,Ue;j NghJ ngz; gw;wpa epahakhd jPHkhdq;fis
vLj;J r%f xOq;F Ngzg;gl;lJ. nrhj;Jhpik FLk;gj;jpd; fhy
vy;iyiaj; jPHkhdpj;jijAk;> mNjNeuk; r%fj;jpd; ntt;NtW
nghUshjhug; gphpTfspd; trjpiaf; nfhz; N l> ngz; f s; kP J
,Wf;fkhd fl;Lg;ghL ,Ue;jijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,r;r%fq;fspy;
gy;NtW rhjpg; ngz;fspd; chpik $l NtWgl;L ,Ue;jJ. ,it
midj;Jk; rhjpfspd; njhopy; mbg;gilapy;> mjd; nghUshjhuj;
juj;jpy; ngz;zpd; tho;it mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L cUthf;fg;
gl;lJ. ngz; Rakhf thof;$ba vy;yh nghUshjhu epiyapYk;
ngz;zpd; Rje;jpuk; vy;iyg;gLj;jg;gl;Lk;> nghUshjhug; gyk; mw;w
epiyapy; ngz;zpd; kWkzk; %yKk; mit Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
,q;F ngz;zpd; nghUshjhug; ghJfhg;ig Mz; toq;Fgtdhf
,Ug;gjhy;> ngz;zpd; Rje;jpuk; Mz; rhHe;J ,Ug;gijj; jPHkhdpg;
gjhYk;> FLk;g mikg;G ,jw;F cl;gl;L vy;iyg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
kWkzj;ijf; Fw;wkhff; fUjhky; mDkjpj;jJld;> fw;G gw;wpa
ve;j xOf;fKk; ,jpy; jPHkhdfukhd ghj;jpuj;ij tfpf;ftpy;iy.
fztd; ,y;yhj epiyapy; thhpR Foe;ij ngw fztdpd; topapy;
cwit mq;fPfhpj;j r%fk;> ,d;iwa Mzhjpf;ff; fw;ig md;W
,oe;JNghJ Fw;wkhff; fUjtpy;iy. (Mdhy; ,jw;Fg; gpe;jpa r%fk;
100
gp. ,uahfud;
Foe;ij thhpRf;fhf ,d;ndhU ngz;iz kzf;f MZf;F mDkjp

toq; f paJ. Kd; G ngz; t op r%fj; njhlHr; r papy; ngz; Z f; F
mDkjpj; j Jf; F khwhf> Mz; t opr; r%fj; j py; ngz; Z f; F j;
jpl;ltl;lkhf kWj;J> Miz kWkzk; nra;a mDkjpj;jJ.) khwhfg;
ngz;izg; ghypay; hPjpapYk;> nghUshjhu hPjpapYk; guhkhpf;f
flikg;gl;ltdhff; fztd; ,Uf;fpd;whd;. ,J ,y;yhj gl;rj;jpy;
mts; ntspNaWk; vy;iyf;Fs; rpy fl;Lg;ghLfs; ,Ue;jijf;
fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
,e;jf; fl;Lg;ghLfs; Mz;topr; r%fk; cUg;ngw;W te;j
tsHr;rpapd; XH ,ilf; fl;lkhFk;. ngz; Kw;whf chpikia
,oe;jpuhj> ,oe;J te;j tsHr;rpapy; tho;e;jhs;. r%fj;jpd; cah;
FLk; g q; f s; kP J ,J mjpfkhd fl; L g; g hl; i l epiyepWj; j >
mf;FLk;gj;jpd; nghUshjhug; gyk; jPHkhdfukhf ,Ue;jJ. ,e;j
xOq; i f kjq; f isf; nfhz; L XH ,Wfpa r%f mikg; g hf
cUthf;fpaNghJ ngz; midj;ijAk; ,of;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ. ,e;j
,og;ig kDtpd; rl;l xOq;;Ff;Fk;> nfsby;ahpd; mHj;j rhj;jpuj;jpy;
Fwpg; g pl; l mf; f hyj; j py; ,Ue; j rl; l xOq; F f; F k; cs; s
,ilntspapy; itj;Jj; njspthfg; Ghpe;J nfhs;sKbAk;.
nfsby;ahpd; mHj;j rhj;jpuj;jpy;> mtH tho;e;j fhyj;jpy;
ngz;zpd; nrhj;jhf Mguzq;fs; ,Ue;jd. ,uz;lhapuk; gzk;
ngz;Zf;Fr; nrhj;jhff; fztd; nfhLf;fNtz;Lk;;. ,e;jg; gzj;ijf;
fztd; ,y;yhj epiyapy; ngz; gad;gLj;j KbAk;;. ,g;gzj;ij
,aw;if mopTfs; kw;Wk; Neha; Vw;gLk;NghJ fztDk; gad;gLj;j
KbAk;. ,ul;ilf; Foe;ij ngWk;NghJ Mz; - ngz; ,Uthpd;
rk;kjj;Jld; ,ijg; gad;gLj;j KbAk;. Kjy; ehd;F tif (th;zj;)
jpUkzj;jp;Yk; %d;W tUlj;jpw;Fg; gpd; nrhj;ijg; gad;gLj;j
KbAk; . Mdhy; fe; J Ut> mRuj; jpUkzj; j py; ,g; g zj; i jg;
gad;gLj;jpdhy; mij tl;bAld; jpUg;gpf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,uhl;rr>
igrhr Kiwj; jpUkzj;jpy; ,g;gzj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpdhy; jpUl;lhff;
fUjg;gLk;;.
ngz; z pd; nrhj; J f; f isg; gad; g Lj; J tjpy; kpFe; j
fl;Lg;ghl;il> rhjpg;gb epiyapy; mbepiyg; gphpTfspy; ,Wf;fkhf
,Ue;jijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. Mzhjpf;fk; gykhf tsHe;j Nky;kl;l>
caH nghUshjhug; gphpTfs;> rhjpfspy; (,q;F ngz; Kw;WKOjhf
Mizr; rhHe;J thOk; tifapy; nghUshjhu hPjpapy; r%f ciog;gpy;
,Ue;J tpyf;fg;gl;ljhy; mbikahdhs;.) ngz;zpd; nrhj;Jf;fisg;
gad; g Lj; J tjpy; Mzhjpf; f khf tsHr; r pngw; W te; j Nghf; F
gp. ,uahfud;
101
jPtpukhdij> ,f;fhyf; fl;lk; Jy;ypakhff; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. Mzpd;

nrhj;Jhpik gyk;ngw ngz;zpd; nrhj;Jfs;> chpikfs; Mz; rhHe;J
,og;gij Nkw;fz;l fhyf;fl;lj;ijAk;> kDjHkf; fhyf;fl;lj;ijAk;
,uz;L ntt;NtW fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; itj;J mZFk; NghJ cWjpg;gl
epWTfpd;wJ.
fztd; kWkzk; nra; A k; N ghJ ngz; Z f; F e\; l <L
nfhLf;fNtz;Lk;;. ,y;yhj gl;rj;jpy; mts; nryTf;fhd njhifiaf;
nfhLf;f> mtd; tUkhdj;ij xl;ba fl;lhakhd tpjpahf ,Ue;jJ.
,y;iynadpy; fztdpd; cwtpdH mg;ngz;izg; ghJfhf;fNtz;Lk;.
fztd; kidtp kP J jhf; F jNyh> mtJ}Nwh nra; a pd;
nfsby;aH fhyj;jpy; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; Kiwapl;L ePjpNfhuKbAk;. Mdhy;
kDtpd; fhyj; j pNyh ,J rhj; j pakpy; i y. ,d; W k; $ l ,J
rhj; j pakpy; i y. ,itfspy; ,Ue; J njspthtJ vd; d ntd; w hy;
Mzhjpf; f tsHr; r papYk; > mjw; F Kd; G k; ngz; chpikngw; W
tho;ej
; hs;; vd;gijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. Mzhjpf;fk; ngz; kPJ nghUshjhu
Mjpf;fj;jpy; NfhNyhr;rpaijAk; ,it fhl;Lfpd;wd.
jha;topr; r%fj;jpy; ePbj;j nghJTilikr; r%fk;> jdpr;

nrhj;Jhpik %ykhf Mz; Mjpf;f Mir> Nfhgk; Clhf vy;yhk;
ngz;iz mbikg;gLj;jpaJld;> tHf;fr; r%fj;ij cUthf;fpa
Mzhjpf;f tuyhw;iw> me;j Kl;lhs;j;jdj;ijg; ngz; nra;J
tpltpy;iy. khwhfg; ngz; ,jw;F Clhf mbikahf;fg;gl;lhs;.
,e;j mbikj;jdk; ngz;zpd; Nghuhl;lkhf khWk;NghJ Mz;fspd;
tpopg;GzHr;rpia ,J J}z;Lk;NghJ ,ijg; ngz;zpd; tbtpy;
ghHg;gJk;> vjpHg;gJk; kDTf;F mtrpakhfpd;wJ. ,jdhy; ngz;zpd;
mbikj;jdk;> kw;Wk; r%fj;jpd; mtyj;Jf;F vjpuhfg; ngz;zpd;
,ay;ghd Nghuhl;lj;ijAk;> mJ rhHe;j Mzpd; tpopg;igAk; vjpHj;J>
,it ngz;zpd; Nftykhd gz;ghl;Ltopfs; vd;W ,e;Jj; jj;Jtk;
ngz;izf; nfhr;irg;gLj;jp> Mzhjpf;fr; Ruz;liyg; ghJfhf;ff;
Fuy; nfhLf;fpd;wJ.
kD 2.213 ,y;> ~~,t;Tyfpy; Mz;fis kaf;FtNj ngz;fspd;

,ay;G. vdNtjhd; ngz;fsplk; goFk;nghOJ tpNtfpfs; vg;NghJk;
tpopg;GldpUf;fpwhHfs;||25 vd;w $w;wpy; Mz;fs; ngz;fsplk; goFk;
NghJ Gj; j prhypahf> ngz; z pd; Kl; l hs; j ; j dj; i j vjpHj; J
Kd;NdWtjhfg; ngz;iz ,opTgLj;Jfpd;wdH. ngz; Mz;fis
kaf;Fk; ghypay; gz;lk;. ,J mtHfspd; $lg; gpwe;j Fzk;
vd; g jd; Clhf Mzhjpf; f k; ngz; i z mwpTf; F Kd; d hy;
mbikg;gLj;JtJld;> ngz;zpd; ghypay; Njitia kWj;J> Mzpd;
ghypay; Njitf;Fs; mjd; G+Hj;jpia> mwptpd; caHr;rpahf ,e;J
jj;Jtk; tpjpe;Jiuf;fpd;wJ.
kD 2.215 ,y; > ~~jha; > kfs; > rNfhjhp vg; n gz; Z lDk;
jdpaplj; j py; mkHjy; $lhJ. Gyd; f s; Mw; w y; tha; e ; j it>
vd;w ,e;J kj tpsf;fk;
mwpthspiaAk; ntw;wp nfhs;Sk;||25
ngz;zpdJk; MzpdJk; $l;L tho;f;iff;F vjpuhf mikfpd;wJ.
Xupdr;NrHf;if Nghd;wit ,e;J topghl;Lf; NfhGuq;fspy; ,Ug;gjw;F
,e;jf; Nfhl;ghLfs; xUgf;ff; fhuzkhFk;. xU Mz; MZld;
NrHe;J thoTk;> xU ngz; ngz;Zld;; NrHe;J thoTk; NfhUk;
kD> ngz;Zld; NrUk; Mz; jdJ Gj;jpia ,og;ghd; vd;gjd;
Clhf> ngz;Zf;F Kl;lhs; gl;lj;ijf; nfhLj;J> Mzhjpf;fj;ij
kjtbtkhf;Ffpd;whd;. ngz;zpd; r%fg; ghj;jpuk; kWf;fg;gl;L>
ngz;izj; jdpikg;gLj;jp mbikg;gLj;jpajd; Nghf;fpy; ngz;zpd;
fy;tp Klf;fg;gl;L> ngz;zpd; mwpitr; #dpakhf;fpa Mzhjpf;fk;>
Mizg; ngz;zplk; ,Ue;J tpyf;fp itj;Jk;> ngz;izg; ghypay;
gz;lkhf khw;wpaJNk ,e;j ,e;Jf; Nfhl;ghLfs; jhd;. ,Ue;jNghJk;
ngz;zpd; ,aw;ifahd ,ay;ghd md;G> MjuT> ghpT.... Nghd;w
jha;ikapd; Nfhl;ghl;by; cjpHj;J vOfpd;wNghJ> mJ Mizj;
njhw;wpf; nfhs;Sk; vy;yh epiyapYk;> mij kD ngz;zpd;
Kl; l hs; j ; j dk; vd; g jd; Clhf> me; j Mz; f isAk; Kl; l hs;
Mf;fpaNj ,e;j Mzhjpf;fg; Nghjidjhd;.
kD 2.214 ,y; > ~~,e; j cyfpy; Kl; l his kl; L kpd; w p

mwpthspiaAk; jtwhd topf;F ,l;Lr; nry;tJld;> Mirf;Fk;>
Nfhgj;jpw;Fk; mtHfis mbikahf;Ftjpy; ty;ytHfs; ngz;fs;||25
vd;w ,e;Jkj mbg;gilthjf; Nfhl;ghL Mzhjpf;fj;jpd; Mir>
Nfhgk; Nghd;w #iwahliyg; ngz;zpd; jiyapy; %l;il fl;b
itj;jgb vy;yhk; cd;dhy;jhd; vd;W Fw;wk;rhl;Lfpd;wJ.
kD 9.14 ,y;> ~~ngz;fs; moifg; gw;wpf; ftiyg;gLtjpy;iy.

taijg; gw;wpAk; mf;fiw nfhs;tjpy;iy. Mzhf ,Ue;jhy;NghJk;>
mofhf ,Ug;gpDk;> mrpq;fkhf ,Ug;gpDk; clYwT nfhs;sj;
jaq;fhH||25 vd;fpwhH> ,e;J ghrpr tUzr;rpuk %jhijauhd kD.
tiuKiwaw; w GzHr; r p eP b j; j r%fj; j py; ,Ue; J ghHg; g dpa
Mzhjpf;f xUjhukzj;ijAk;> rhjpg; gbepiyf;Fs;shd
nfsby;aH fhyj;jpy; ngz; ngw;w chpikfs; vg;gb kDtpd;

fhyj;jpy; gwpf;fg;gl;L> Mzhjpf;fk; jdJ rjpuhl;lj;ij vg;gbf;
ifahz;lJ vd tphpthfg; ghHg;Nghk;.
102
gp. ,uahfud;
gp. ,uahfud;
103
jpUkzj;ijg; ngz;Zf;Fj; jpzpf;f cUthf;fg;gl;l tpsf;fKk;>

mjd; rl;lj;jpl;lKNk ,itahFk;. ,d;W taJ vy;iyf;Fs;shd
jpUkzk;> moF ghHj;j jpUkzq;fs;> nghUshjhu me;j];Jf;Fs;shd
jpUkzq;fs;> rhjp flthj vy;iyf;Fs; ngz;iz mbikg;gLj;jpg;
ghHg;gdpa xOf;ff; Nfhl;ghl;il epWt ,e;j tpjpfs; ngz;zpd;
xOf;fj;ij tiuaWj;jNghJ> ngz;zpd; eilKiwiaf; nfhr;irg;
;gLj;j Ntz;bajhfpaJ.
moF vd;gjd; Clhf epw hPjpapy; <uhdpy; ,Ue;J te;j
ghHg;gdpaHfs;> fWg;igAk;> cly; ciog;igAk; kWf;Fk; nrhFirAk;>
moifAk; ngz; G+rpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd ghHg;gdpak;> jdJ Mzhjpf;fg;
gyjhukz Ntl;ifapy; tpUk;gp cgNjrpj;jNj ,e;j moF gw;wpa
tpsf;fk;. ciof;Fk; Mz;fspd; kPjhd ngz;zpd; ,ay;ghd rKjhak;
rhHe;j ,aw;ifapd; ,Uj;jy;> ghHg;gdpaj;jpd; vy;iyaw;w ghypay;
vy; i yia kl; L g; g Lj; j paJ. mNjNeuk; Mz; f spd; ghypay;
mDgtj;ijg; ngz;fs; ,dk; fz;L nrhy;Yk;NghJ> Mzhjpf;fk;
nfhjpf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j vy;iyapy; moF> taJ Clhfg; ngz;izf;
fl;Lg;gLj;jTk;> ngz;izf; nfhr;irg;gLj;jp> jkJ kD ePjpf;Fs;
ngz;fis mlf;fp xLf;fTk; ,e;j tpsf;fk; mtrpakhfpd;wJ.
kD 9.15 ,y; > ~~MltUld; cwT nfhs; s j; Jbf; F k;
Nkhfj; j hy; > rydg; Gj; j pahy; > ,ay; g hf mike; j <tpuf; f kw; w
jd;ikahy; fztHfs; vt;tsT tpopg;ghf ,Ue;jhYk; ngz;fs;
JNuhfpfshfptpLtH||25 vd;w kD ePjp ngz;izg; ghypaypy; Nkhfk;
nfhz; L miytjhfr; rpj; j hpj; J > Mz; f isg; ghypaypy;
JNuhfpahf; f ptpLtH vd; W JNuhfg; gl; l j; i jg; ngz; f Sf; F r;
Rkj; J fpd; w J. Mz; f s; fhkntwpapYk; > gyjhu kzj; j pYk;
ngz;fisg; ghypay; gz;lkhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; rKjhaj;jpy;>
,g;gb XH vjpHj; jd;ik tha;ej
; tpsf;fk; Mzhjpf;fj;ijg; ghJfhf;f
Njitg;gLfpd;wJ. ngz;izg; ghypaypd; ikakhf> mJNt mtspd;
njhopyhff; fhl;LtJk;> ghypay; tPW nfhz;L miytjhff; fhl;b>
Mzpd; ,e;j ,ay;igf; fhg;ghw;w Kd;itg;gjd; %yk; Mzhjpf;ff;
nfhûk; %b kiwf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
,e;jpa cr;rePjpkd;wq;fspy; fw;gopg;Gfs; kPjhd jPHg;Gfs;
gy> ngz; ghypaiyj; J}z;bajhy; Mz; mjpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lhd;
vd; W ntspahfpAs; s ij itj; J
,e; j ,lj; j py; kDtpd;
Mzhjpf;fj; jHkj;ijAk;> ghHg;gdpaj;jpd; Mzhjpf;fj;ijAk; ,dk;
fhzKbAk;. ngz; ghypay; td;Kiwf;Fs;shtJk;> fw;gopf;fg;
gLtJk;> mtyl;rzg;gLj;jg;gLtJk; ,e;j kDtpd; ,e;J Mzhjpf;f
thhpRfshy;jhd; vd;gij kiwf;f> mijr; nra;aj; J}z;LtNj
104
gp. ,uahfud;
ngz; vd;W Fw;wk; rhl;b> ghHg;gdpak; fw;gopg;Gfis epahag;gLj;jp

Vw; g Lj; j pa ,e; J r; rl; l Nk ,d; W caHeP j pkd; w j; jP H g; G fSf; F
topfhl;Lfpd;wJ. ngz;fs; vg;NghJk; jw;fhg;G epiyapy; ,Ue;J
NghuhLk; kdpj tuyhw;wpy;> td;Kiwapy; <LgLgtidg; ghHg;gdpa
Mzhjpf;f xOq;fpy; fhg;ghw;w> ngz; kPJ gopiaj; J}w;WtJ
,e;jpahtpd; ,e;J rkaj;jpd; kDjHkkhf cs;sJ.
kD 9.16 ,y;> ~~gilg;gpNyNa flTs; ngz;fSf;F mikj;Js;s
,ay;ig mwpe;J xt;nthU kdpjDk; ngUKaw;rp nra;J ngz;fisf;
fhj;Jtuy; Ntz;Lk;||25 vd;fpwJ> ,e;J kjk;. mjhtJ ngz; Mzpd;
mbik vd;fpd;wJ. Mz; mbj;jhYk;> nfhd;whYk; vjpHj;Jg; Nghuhlf;
$lhJ vd;fpd;wJ. ngz; mlf;f xLf;fkhf ehzpf; FWfp ,Uf;Fk;
tifapy; flTs; gilj;Js;sjhy; Mz; tPuj;Jld;> mjpfhuj;Jld;
mlf;fp Ms Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,e;J kjk; tpjpj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ. ngz;
$dpf;FWfp tho ,iwtd; NfhUtjhy;> ngz; chpik vd;gij
Mz; toq;f mDkjpj;jy; MfhJ vd;W kD NfhUfpd;whH. ngz;
chpik Nfhhp ntw;wpngwpd; ,e;Jj; jj;JtKk; mope;J tpLk; vd;gjhy;
ngU Kaw;rp nra;J Mz;fs; ngz;iz mlf;fp Ms ,iwtd;
ngz;Zf;F tpjpj;Js;sij Mz; epiwNtw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,e;Jr;
rl;lk; NfhUfpd;wJ.
kD 9.17 ,y;> ~~gilg;gpNyNa flTs; ngz;fSf;F xJf;fpAs;s
Fzq;fs; gLf;if Nkhfk;> gjtp jhfk;> Mguz Mir> Nflhd
Mirfs;> Nfhgk;> NeHikapd;ik> tQ;rfk;> jPaelj;ij Mfpait||25
vd;W ,e;J jHkk; ngz;Zf;Fr; #l;bAs;s gl;lq;fs; - mbik
tpyq;fhFk;. ,it Mz;fspd; Fzj;ijg; ngz;Zf;F cs;sjhff;
$WtJ> Miz mlf;fp Msf; NfhUtJ vd;gjd; Clhfg; ngz;iz
mbikahf epiy epWj;j MZf;F toq;fpa fbthskhFk;. Mzpd;
gLf;if Nkhfk; ngz;izg; gyhj;fhukhff; fw;gopg;gjpy; ,Ue;J>
gyjhu kztho;f;if tiu vd;W cyfk; epd;Wtpltpy;iy. gjtp
jhfk;> cyfpd; midj;Jr; nrhj;ijAk; Mz; mDgtpg;gjpy; ,Ue;J>
cyif mlf;fp MStJ Aj;jj;jpd; Nfhuj;ijj; njhlHtJ <whf>
Mzhjpf;fk; kdpj tuyhwhf ePbf;fpd;wJ. cyfpy; jq;f Ntl;ilapy;
gy ,dq;fis mopj;J mjpy; Mguzk; nra;J ngz;fis Mir
ehafpahf;fpa tuyhW Kbe;Jtpltpy;iy.
cyfpd; rfy tf; f pukhd ghypay; Kjy; midj; j pYk;
tf;fpukhd Nflhd tho;f;ifiaj; njhlUk; cyfpd; kj;jpapy;jhd;
Mzhjpf;f ,e;J ,uh[;[pak; gw;wp nfhl;lk; mbf;fpd;wdH. new;wpf;
fz; Nfhgk; Kjy; rhjpg; gLnfhiy> fpwp];jtg; gLnfhiy> K];ypk;
kj mopg;gpd; cr;rj;jpy; ,d;W Mzpd; Mzhjpf;f ,uj;j tuyhW
gp. ,uahfud;
105
cs;sJ. rjpfs; %yk; ghHg;gdpa Ml;rpia epiy epWj;jpAk;> te;NjW

Fbfs; ghuk;ghpa kf;fisf; Nftyg;gLj;jp ,opthf;fpAk;> mtH;fspd;
nkhopia mopg;gJk; tQ;rf; #jpdhy;jhd;. ,e;j NeHikaPdj;jpy;
,Ue;Jjhd; kD jdJ Mzhjpf;f> jPa elj;ijfis> Mzplj;jpy;
,Ue;J ngz;Zf;Ff; flj;jpa rjp tQ;rfk;jhd; ,e;J jHkk; MFk;.
,e;J jHkk; ngz;zpd; mbik tpyq;if ,Wf;fpa ,e;Jg; gz;ghlhFk;.;
kD 9.2 ,y;> ~~,uTk; gfYk; ngz;fis mtHjk; FLk;gj;J
MltH jk; mjpfhuj;jpd; fPo; itj;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;;. clYwit
ehLk; ngz;fis xUtH fl;Lf;Fs; itj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.||
kD 9.3 ,y;> ~~Foe;ijg; gUtj;jpy; je;ijapd; ghJfhg;gpYk;>
,sikapy; fztd; ghJfhg; g pYk; > KJikapy; kfd; f spd;
ghJfhg; g pYk; ngz; f s; ,Uj; j y; Ntz; L k; . ngz; vg; n ghOJk;
Rje;jpukhf ,Ug;gjw;Fj; jFjpaw;wts;.|| 25 Mzhjpf; f xUjhuf;
FLk;gj;ij Mz;rhHe;J ,e;J jHkk; NfhUfpd;wJ. ,J
gz;ghlhf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. xU ngz;izj; je;ijAk;> kfDk;> fztDk;
tho;f;if G+uhfj; jdJ fl;Lf;Fs; itj;jpUf;ff; NfhUtJld;>
clYwit ehLk; ngz;izf; fztd; jdJ mbikahf itj;jpUf;f>
,iwtdpd; ngahpy; ,e;Jj; jj;Jtk; NfhUfpd;wJ. Mzhjpf;fj;ij
Miz vjpHg;gjd; %yk; rhjpf;f KbAk; vd;w ngz;zpaj;ij>
,e;Jj; jj;Jt tpsf;fk; vg;gb vs;sp eifahLfpd;wJ vd;gjw;F
kDtpd; ,e;j tpsf;fk; NghJkhdjhFk;. ,Ujhu kzj;jpy; ,Ue;J
xUjhu kzj;ijr; rKjhak; cUthf;fpa NghJ MZf;Ff; fpilj;j
mjpfhuKk;> ngz; kPjhd epge;jidaw;w chpikia kD NfhUtJld;
mijNa r%fr; rl;lkhfg; ghHg;gdpak; cUthf;Ffpd;wJ. ,e;J
,uh[; [ pak; NfhUk; ,d; i wa ghHg; g dpak; kDtpd; ,e; j f;
Nfhhpf;ifapidf; flTspd; ngahpy; ngz;fs; kPJ jpzpg;gjw;Fk;>
,Uf;Fk; chpikfisg; gwpf;fTk; gpd;epw;fg; Nghtjpy;iy. ngz;zpd;
Rje;jpuj;ij kDtpd; mjpfhu epiyapy; kWg;gJ> ,e;J jHkk;
,ijf; nfhz;L Msj; Jbg;gijAk; kWj;Jtplg; Nghtjpy;iy.
ngz;zpd; Rje;jpuk; vd;gJ Mzpd; Rje;jpuj;ijAk;> mtdpd; FLk;g
mikg;igAk; rpijf;Fk; vd;W kD $Wtijg; ghHg;Nghk;.
kD 9.5 ,y;> ~~vt;tsT mw;gkhfj; Njhd;wpdhYk; ngz;fsplk;
jP a f; Fzq; f s; Njhd; w p tsHtijj; jLj; j y; Ntz; L k; >
ghJfhf;fhtpl;lhy; ,U FLk;gj;jpw;Fk; Jauj;ij tUtpg;ghHfs;;|| 25
vd;fpwJ> ,e;J jHkk;. mjhtJ ngz; Mzpd; rl;lj;jpl;lj;ij
106
gp. ,uahfud;
vjpHj;J jdJ Rje;jpuj;Jf;fhfg; Nghuhl Kw;gl;Nlh> NfhhpNah epd;why;>

Mzhjpf;fg; gz;gpay; mbg;gilapy;> ,U FLk;gj;Jf;Fk; Mgj;J
vd;W vr;rhpj;J> ngz;iz Mz; mlf;fp MsNtz;Lk; vd Mzhjpf;f
,e; J j; jj; J tk; NfhUfpd; w J. ,ij NkYk; kD 4.147 ,y; >
~~rpWkpahapDk;> ,sk; ngz;zhapDk;> Vd; KjpatshapDk; jk;tPl;by;
$lr; Rje;jpukhf vijAk; nra;jpl mDkjpj;jy; $lhJ||25 vd;wjd;
%yk; ngz;zpd; ,Uj;jiyj; Jy;ypakhff; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
ngz; z hjpf; f mikg; g pypUe; J ngz; f s; kP j hd kjpg; G
Fiwf;fg;gl> jdpr; nrhj;Jhpik mikg;gpd; tsHr;rpapy;; ngz; Kw;W
KOjhf mbikg;gLj;jg;gl;Ltplhj epiyapy;> Mz;fs; ngz;fspd;
kPJ KOik ngwhj mlf;FKiwia mlf;fpahsNt ,e;Jj; jj;Jtk;
thpthpahf tpjpe;Jiuf;fpd;wJ. ngz; tPl;bd; kPJ ,Ue;j vQ;rpa
Rje;jpuj;ijf; $l fl;Lg;gLj;jp> vijAk; nra;a mDkjpf;ff; $lhJ
vd;W> Mz;fis ,e;j ,e;Jr; rl;lj; jHkk; NfhUfpd;wJ. nrhe;jr;
rikay;> gps;is guhkhpg;G> tPl;il moFgLj;jJy;.... Nghd;w ngz;
tPl;by; Rje;jpukhfr; nra;jitfisf; $l> Mzpd; tpUg;gj;Jf;Fk;
mjpfhuj;Jf;Fk; cl;gl;L mDkjpf;fNtz;Lk;. tPl;L Ntiyapy; rpf;fp
mJ ngz;zpd; flikahfpaNghJk; $l> ,itfisr; Rje;jpukhf
mDkjpf;f $lhJ vd;gij Mzhjpf;f ,e;J jHkk; Mz;fSf;Ff;
fl;lisapLfpd;wJ. ,q;F ,it ,e;J jHkj;jpd; rl;l
tpjpahfpd;wNghJ> rKjha - gz;ghl;L tbtkhfpAs;s epiyapy;>
Mzhjpf;fj;Jf;F vjpuhd Nghuhl;lk; rKjhaj;ijg; Gul;bg; NghuhLk;
Gul;rpjhd; ngz;iz tpLtpf;Fk;;. ,e;j ,lj;jpy; Mz;fs; ngz;fspd;
Rje; j puj; i jj; jdpg; g l mDkjpf; F k; N ghJ mtid tYtw; w
fztdhff; $wpaJld;> ,e;J jHkj;ij epiyehl;l> rhjpapd; ngahpy;
ngz; mbikg;gLj;j> mLj;j MAjj;ij ,e;J jHkk; Kd;itg;gijg;
ghHg;Nghk;;.
kD 9.6 ,y; > ~~vy; y hr; rhjpapdUf; F k; tpjpf; f g; g l; L s; s
caHflik fUjp> tYtw;w fztHfs; $lj; jk; kidtpaiuf;
fhf;fNtz;Lk;;||25 vd;W $wp rhjpf; flikapd; ngahpy; ngz;iz
mbikg;gLj;j Mzhjpf;f ,e;J jHkk; NfhUfpd;wJ. ngz; nrhy;
Nfl;gtd;> ngz;zpd; Rje;jpuj;ij mDkjpg;gtd;> NfhUgtd; tYtw;w
Mz; vd;W $Wtjd; %yk; Mzpd; r%fg; ghj;jpuk;
,opthf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. mj;Jld; tYthdtHfs; tYtw;wtd; kPJ
mjpfhuj; i j> td; K iwiag; gad; g Lj; j Tk; kiwKfkhf ,J
NfhUtJld;> rKjhaj;jpd; Mzhjpf;fr; rhjpf; Nfhuj;jpd; flikapYk;
gp. ,uahfud;
107
ngz;iz mbikahf itj;jpUf;ff; NfhUfpd;wJ. ,ij kPWgtd;

rhjpf; flikiar; nra;a kWj;jtdhfTk;> me;jr; rhjpapy; ,Uf;Fk;
mUfijia ,oe;J tpLtijAk; kiwKfkhf ,J vr;rhpf;fpd;wJ.
,e;J Mzhjpf;fj;ijj; jfHg;gJ rhjp kw;Wk; Mzhjpf;fk; rhHe;j
,e;J jHkj;ijj; jfHf;fhj tiu rhj;jpakpy;iy. ,e;J Mzhjpf;fk;
ngz; tpthfuj; i jf; Nfhu KbahJ vd; g ijj; jpl; l tl; l khf
vLj;jpak;Gk; mNjNeuk;> fztd; ngz;iz tpl;Lg; gphpaNth> tpw;fNth
chpik toq;Ffpd;wJ.
,ij kD 11.45 ,y;> ~~fztDk; kidtpAk; xd;nwdf;
$wg;gLtjd; nghUs; jpUkzj;jpw;Fg; gpd; kzKwpT> gphpT vd;gNj
fpilahJ.|| kD 9.46 ,y;> ~~tpw;Wtpl;lhYk;> iftpl;lhYk;> fztdpd;
ge; j j; j pypUe; J kidtp tpLgl KbahJ.|| kD 5.149 ,y; >
~~je;ijaplkpUe;Njh> fztdplkpUe;Njh> kfd;fsplkpUe;Njh xU ngz;
gphpe;jhy; gpwe;j tPl;bw;Fk; GFe;j tPl;bw;Fk; gopia Vw;gLj;Jths;.
tpthfuj;J chpik fpilahJ||25 vd;wjd; %yk; Mzhjpf;f xUjhu
kzj;ijj; jpl;ltl;lkhf mKy; nra;Ak;gb ghHg;gdpak; NfhUfpd;wJ.
,Ujhu kzj;jpy; ,Ue;J xUjhukzk; cUthf;fpa rl;lj;
jpl;lk; ngz;iz Mzpd; chpikahf;Ffpd;wJ. Mz; ngz;iz
tpw;Fk; gz;lkhfTk;> tpl;L vwpaTk; chpikia Vw;gLj;jpajd;
%yk; ngz; xU nghUshf;fg;gLfpd;whs;. nghUshf;fg;gl;l ngz;izg;
gz;lkhf thq;fTk;> tpw;fTk; chpik nfhs;Sk; fztd;> ngz;izg;
ghypay; hPjpapy; mDgtpf;f> ciog;igr; Ruz;lf; NfhUfpd;wJ.
,e;j mDgtpg;G KbTWk; NghJ> kPz;Lk; tpw;fTk;> J}f;fp vwpaTk;
$ba gz;lkhfg; ngz; khw;wg;gl;L> mij Mz; mKy;gLj;Jk;
mjpfhuj;ijf; fl;lhakhf;Ffpd;wJ> ghHg;gdpaj; jHkk;. ngz; jd;
tho;itj; jPHkhdpf;ff;$l KbahJ. je;ij> fztd;> kfdplk; ,Ue;J
gphpe;J thoTk; $l ngz;Zf;F mDkjpf;f kWf;Fk; kDjHkk;>
mij Mzpd; chpikahf;Ffpd;wJ. ngz;iz capH cs;s gz;lkhf
khw;wp ngz;zpd; nrhj;Jhpik kWf;fg;gLtijg; ghHg;Nghk;.
kD 8.415 ,y; > ~~kidtp> kfs; > mbik> ,k; % tUk;
nrhj;Jhpikf;F mUfijaw;wtH; mtHfs; <l;Lk; nry;tk;> mtHfis
cilatUf;Nf Ngha;r;NrUk;|| vd kDjHkk; ngz;iz mbikahf
itj;jpUf;Fk; cilikahsidj; njspthf milahsk; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
ngz;iz Mzpd; cilik> jdpr; nrhj;Jhpik topapy; ngz;
Mzpd; nghUshfp;> nrhj;jhfpd;whs;. ,jpy; ,Ue;J ngz; nrhj;Jf;F
chpik nfhz;lhlNth> jdJ ciog;igj; jdjhf;fNth Kbahj
108
gp. ,uahfud;
Mzhjpf;fr; rl;lk;> Mzhjpf;fr; jdpr;nrhj;JhpikahdJ.

fztd; ,we;jhYk; ngz; nrhj;Jf;F chpik ngw KbahJ>
khwhf [Ptdhk;rk; ngw KbAk; vd;gjd; %yk; fztd; rhHe;j
FLk;gj;Jf;F mbikahf ,Uf;ff; NfhUtJld; fztdpd; jk;gp>
my;yJ mz;zDf;F my;yJ je;ijf;F itg;ghl;bahf ,Uf;f>
,e;jr; nrhj;Jhpik kWg;G epHg;ge;jpf;fpd;wJ. ngz; ve;j epiyapYk;
Rje; j pukhf tho nrhj; J hpik kWg; i gj; jilahff; nfhz; l
kDjHkNk> ,d; W ,e; J jHkk; Mfpd; w J. ngz; Mzpd;
rl;lj;jpl;lj;ij kD jHkg;gb filg;gpbf;fj; jtwpd; ngz; kPJ
jz;bf;Fk; chpikia MZf;F toq;Ffpd;wJ. mijg; ghHg;Nghk;.
kD 8.299 ,y;> ~~kidtp> kfd;> mbik> khztd;> ,isa
rNfhjud; MfpNahH jtW nra;apd; fapW my;yJ %q;fpy; fopahy;
mbf;fyhk;||25 vd;W kDjHkk; NfhUfpd;wJ. ngz; rKjhaj;jpd;
midj; J mbepiy rKjhag; gphpTfspd; epiyf; F j; jho; j ; j g;
gl;Ls;shs;. mbik epiyf;Fg; ngz;izj; juk;jho;j;jpf; fhl;ba
gpd;> je;ij> fztd;> kfd; ngz;izj; jz;bf;Fk; Mzhjpf;fj;
jz; l id chpikia toq; f p mij mKy; g Lj; j ,e; J jHkk;
NfhUfpd;wJ. ngz;iz tpw;f> mDgtpf;f> J}f;fp tPr> mbf;f vd
vy;yhk; ,e;J kjk; MZf;F mDkjpj;Js;sJ. ngz; ,jpy; vijAk;
MZf;Fr; nra;a KbahJ. ngz;zpd; fy;tp chpik gw;wp vd;d
$WfpwJ vdg; ghHg;Nghk;.
kD 2.66 ,y;> ..... ~~ngz;.. Ntjke;jpuq;fis Xjf; $lhJ>.......||
kD 9.18 ,y;> ~~Ntjq;fisg; gapYk; chpik ngz;fSf;F ,y;iy......
ngz;fs; Ntjke;jpuq;fis cr;rhldk; nra;a ,ayhJ. Mjypd;
ngz;fs; mrj;jpaj;ijg; NghyNt J}a;ikaw;wtHfs;.....|| kD 9.36
,y;> ~~Ntjq;fspy; nrhy;yg;gl;l jpdrhp Nts;tp epakq;fisg; ngz;
Mw;Wjy; $lhJ....|| kD 9.36 ,y;> ~~mts; mt;thW nra;jhy;>
eufj;jpw;Fg; Nghths;....|| kD 4.205 ,y; ~~xU ngz; Mw;wpLk;
Nts;tpapy;> gpuhkzd; cz;zf;$lhJ.|| kD 4.206 ,y;> ~~ngz;fs;
,aw;Wk; Nts;tpfs; mkq;fykhdit. nja;tr; rq;fy;gkw;wit.
mtw;iwg; gpuhkzHfs; jtpHj;jy; Ntz;Lk;||25 vd;gjd; %yk; ngz;
Mzhjpf;fj;Jf;F vjpuhfg; Nghuhba tuyhw;iwf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
ngz;fs; Mzhjpf;f kDjHkg; ghHg;gdpaj;ij vjpHj;J fy;tp
fw;fTk;> mij tphpthf;fTk;> mij eilKiwg;gLj;j Kad;wijAk;>
mjpy; Mz; f s; gq; F gw; w paijAk; ,J fhl; L fpd; w J. ,e; j
gp. ,uahfud;
109
vy;iyapy;jhd; ngz;Zf;fhd xOf;ff; Nfhit cUthf;fg;gLtJld;>

,ij mjpfhuk; nra;Ak; chpikia Mz;fSf;F toq;fp> Mzhjpf;fr;
r%fj; i j epiyngwr; nra; t ij kDjHkk; Fwpf; N fhshff;
nfhs; f pd; w J. ngz; fy; t p ngWtJ eufj; J f; F chpajhfTk; >
J}a;ikf;Fg; gq;fk; tpistpg;gjhfTk; Mz;fSf;Fk;> ngz;fSf;Fk;
,iwtd; ngauhy; $wpa Mzhjpf;f kD jHk mjpfhuk; ,e;jpar;
rKjhaj;jpy; epWtg;gl;lJ. ngz;zpd; fy;tpr; Rje;jpuj;ij tpj;jplTk;>
mts; nrhj;Jhpikiaf; NfhuTk;> Mzhjpf;fj;ijf; Nfs;tp Nfl;fTk;
KidAk;NghJ ,Uf;Fk; rKjhaj;ijj; jfHj;JtpLk; vd;w ghHg;gdpar;
rjpj; j dk; ngz; z pd; midj; J eP f ; f y; f isAk; milj; J
nghk;ikahf;fptpl Kide;jJ. ,e;jtifapy; mLj;j mbik tpjpiag;
ghHg;Nghk;;.
kD 5.151 ,y; > ~~jd; je; i j ahUf; F kzk; nra; J
nfhLf;fpwhNuh> my;yJ je;ij ,irTld; rNfhjud; jd;id ahUf;F
kzk; nra;J nfhLf;fpwhNuh> mf;fztDf;F tho;ehs;tiu mts;
fP o ; g ; g bjy; Ntz; L k; . ,we; j gpwFk; fztd; epiditg;
gopj;jyhfhJ|| 26 vd;gjd; %yk;> ngz; jdJ nrhe;j tho;f;ifapy;
ahiuj; njhpe;J vLg;gJ my;yJ vd;d epiyapy; tho;tJ vd;gijj;
jPHkhdpf;f Kbahj epiyf;F mbikg;gLj;jg;gl;lhs;. ngz;zpd;
je;ij my;yJ rNfhjuhpd; tpUg;G ntWg;Gf;F ,ire;J NghFk; xU
tsHg;G ehahf thyhl;lf; NfhUtNj ,e;j kDjHkk; MFk;. ,g;gb
tsHg;G ehia NtW xUtUf;Ff; nfhLf;Fk; NghJ mq;Fk; thyhl;l
Ntz;LNk xopa> Rje;jpukhf vJTk; nra;aKbahJ. tsHg;G ehapd;
chpikahsH ,we;jhYk; chpikahshpd; epoy;fs; kPJ thyhl;Lk;
czHr; r paw; w ehapd; epiyf; F g; ngz; i z khw; w pa Nghf; f py; >
Mzhjpf;f vrkhd; mjpfhuj;jpy; vr;rpy; Nrhw;Wf;fhfg; ngz;iz
thof; NfhUtNj> kDjHkk; tpjpj;j tpjpahFk;. ,e;jf; fztd;
tpRthrj;ijg; ngz; kWf;f KbahJ. mij kD $Wtjpy; ,Ue;J
ghHg;Nghk;.
kD 5.154 ,y;> ~~mwnewp gpwo;e;jtdhapDk;> NtnwhUj;jpaplk;
,d;gk;
nfhs;gtdhapDk;> ey;y Fzq;fs; ,y;yhjtdhapDk;
tpRthrKs;s kidtp fztid ve;NeuKk; nja;tkhf topgLjy;
Ntz;Lk;|; |26 vd;W ngz;iz epHg;ge;jpg;gjd; %yk; Mzpd; mbikahfg;
ngz; ,Uf; F k; g b rKjhak; NfhUfpd; w J. Mz; vt; t sT
nfhLikf;fhud; Mf ,Ue;jhYk; rhp> ngz;zpd; czHTfisj;
jPHf;f Kbahjtdhf ,Ue;jhYk; rhp> ngz; Miz topgl Ntz;Lk;.
110
gp. ,uahfud;
Miz tpkHrpf;fNth> tpl;L tpyfNth ngz;Zf;F mDkjpapy;iy.

,e;j epiyapy; ngz;zpd; flikfs; gw;wp kDjHkk; $Wtijg;
ghHg;Nghk;.
kD 5.150 ,y;> ~~mts; vg;nghOJk; kfpo;r;rpahf ,Uj;jy;
Ntz; L k; . tP l ; L f; fhhpaq; f isj; jpwk; g l Mw; W jy; Ntz; L k; ; .
ghj;jpuq;fisf; ftdkhff; fOtp itj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. nrytpy;
rpf; f dj; i jf; filg; g pbj; j y; Ntz; L k; | | 26 vd; W $wp ngz; z pd;
flikia tiuaWf; f pd; w J. Mz; vt; t sT Nkhrkhdtdhf
,Ue;jhYk; rhp> ngz; mtDf;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;L ,itfisj; jpwk;gl
nra;jy; ngz;zpd; flikahfpd;wJ. ngz; Mz;fs; cyfj;jpy;
,Ue; J k; > tP l ; L f; F s; js; s g; g l; l epiyapy; ngz; rikf; f Tk;
mitfisf; fOtp itf;fTk; epHge;jpj;J> MZf;Fr; Nrtfk; nra;J
Miz topgl; L Nkhl; r k; mila> mjhtJ kD 5.155 ,y; >
~~fztDf;Ff; fPo;g;gbe;J ele;jhNy kidtpf;Fr; nrhHf;fj;jpy; caH
gjtp fpilf;Fk;;||;26 vd;W kD jHkk; ngz;iz mbik epiyf;Fs;
,Uf;f nrhHf;fj;jpd; caH gjtp MirAk; fhl;bf; NfhUfpd;wJ.
mj;Jld; ngz;Zf;F ,e;j cyfj;jpd; ,d;gj;ijj; jUgtd;
fztd; vd; W $wp fztDf; F tpRthrkhfTk; mbikahfTk;
,Uf;ff; $wp> mLj;j cyfpYk; fztNd vy;yhk; vd vr;rhpf;if
nra;fpwJ kDjHkk;. kD 5.153 ,y;> ~~Gdpj Kof;fq;fspilNa
mtis kze; j fztd; j hd; vg; n ghOJk; ,d; g k; jUgtd; .
,t;TyfpYk; Vd; mt;TyfpYk; $l mt;tz;zNk|| vd;W flTs;
kPjhd gak;> gf;jp Clhf Mzhjpf;fr; rl;lj;ijg; ngz;zpd; kPJ
jpzpf;fpwJ kDjHkk;. ngz; MZf;F mbikahf> nghUshf> flik
nra;gtshf> Mzpd; ,d;gj;ijj; jPHg;gtshf kDjHkk; ngz;zpd;
flikia tiuaWj;jJ. ,jpy; ngz; rpe;jpf;f ,lk; ,Uf;ff; $lhJ
vd; g jpy; ftdkhf ,Ue; j kDjHkk; ngz; z pd; Ntiyia
mjpfkhf;fpaJ.
,J ,d;Wk; ,e;jpahtpy; kDjHkj;jpd; njhlh;r;rpapy; ngz;
rPjdkhfg; ghj;;jpuj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJk;> mijf; fOtp thof;
NfhUksTf;Fg; ngz;zpd; epiyAs;sJ. ,e;jpaf; FLk;gq;fspy;
ghj; j puq; f s; Njitf; F kP w pa tifapy; tP L fspy; mLf; f p
itj;jpUg;gJk;> mijr; nrhj;jhfr; NrHg;gijAk; fhzKbfpd;wJ.
tP l ; b d; NtW mbg; g ilj; Njitf; F ,lk; ,y; y h tpl; l hYk; >
ghj; j puj; j pd; vz; z pf; i f Fiwtjpy; i y. ,e; j g; ghj; j puj; j pd;
gp. ,uahfud;
111
vz; z pf; i fiag; nghWj; J k; > ngz; z pd; Ntiyia kDjHkk;

NfhUtjw;F Vw;gTk; czTj; jahhpg;Gk; mijnahl;ba gof;f
tof;fKk; Njhw;wk; fz;lJ.
cztpd; vz;zpf;iff;F Vw;g gy ghj;jpuq;fisg; ghtpg;gJk;>
cz; Z k; NghJ NtWgl; l czT tiffisj; jdpj; j dpahfg;
ghpkhWtJk;> jdpj;jdpahf mitfisg; gphpj;J itg;gJk;> ngz;
%d;W NeuKk; ntt;NtW tif czitj; jdpj;jdpahfr; nra;tJ
mbg;gilahd czTg; gof;ftof;fkhf ,Ug;gjhy;> rikay; kw;Wk;
cztpd; gpd; Ftpe;J NghFk; ghj;jpuj;jpd; vz;zpf;ifahy;> ngz;zpd;
tho;f;ifAk; %r;Rk; ,jw;Fs; mOe;jpg; Nghfpd;wJ. mj;Jld; ngz;
fOTk; fopTj; njhl;b ,Ul;L ,lj;jpy; ,yFthff; fOt Kbahj
tifapy;> Fdpe;J> ehhp> vYk;G Kwpa> mOf;F Nghf;f khubg;gJk;>
,y;iynad;why; Fe;jpapUe;J kzpf;fzf;fhff; fOtpr; nry;Yk;
tho;f;if rfpf;fKbahJ. ,JNghy; cLg;Gj; Njha;f;Fk;NghJk; rhp>
gy jsj;jpy; ngz; fOTtJ vd;gJ rpukj;ijAila gzpahf>
nghUs; gad;ghl;by;> czTg; gad;ghl;by; itj;jpUg;gJ kDtpd;
Nfhhpf;ifapd; mbg;gilapy;jhd;. mj;Jld; ,e;j mOf;if mfw;w
jz;zPH ,d;wp ,Uf;Fk;NghJ ngz;zpd; Rikiar; nrhy;yp khshJ.
ngz; z pd; mOe; j p khubf; F k; $ypaw; w Mzhjpf; f f;
flikfspy;> Fiwe;jgl;rk; njhopy; El;gq;fis cs; CH mstpy;
$l GFj;Jtij kWf;Fk; kDjHkf; Frpdpaikg;Gk; ngz;zpd;
flikia tiuaWg;gjhy;> ngz;zpd; tho;tplq;fs; etPdf; fl;blj;jpy;
$l gioagb
Nga;fs; thOk; Fiffshfg; Ngzg;gLfpd;wJ.
,e;jpag; ngz;fs; Gul;rpapy; gq;F nfhs;s Kd;G mtHfspd; czTg;
gof;f tof;fk;> Frpdp mikg;G tbtj;Jf;F vjpuhd Nghuhl;lk;>
ngz;izr; Rje;jpukhfr; rpe;jpf;Fk; Neuj;ij toq;Fk;. me;jsTf;F
kDjHkk; ngz;zpd; flik ngz;iz tPl;by; mOe;jg;gz;zp>
%r;Rtpl Kbahj tifapy; rpe;jpf;f Kbahj tifapy; gz;ghl;L>
fyhr;rhur; rq;fpypahy; fl;bg; Nghlg;gl;Ls;shs;. r%fk;gw;wp rpe;jpf;Fk;
Mz;fs; jkJ FLk;gq;fspy; jPtpu khw;wj;ij czTg; gof;f
tof;fj;jpy;> Frpdp mikg;gpy; NfhuTk;> khw;wp mikg;gJ ngz;fSf;F
MWjiy Kjy; fl;lj;jpy; toq;Fk;. ,jpy; ,Ue;Jjhd; ngz;izg;
Gul;rpf;F ntd;W vLf;fTk;> Mzhjpf;fj;ijj; jfHf;fTk; KbAk;;.
Mzhjpf;f kDjHkj;jpd; tf;fpuj;ijAk;> ,e;Jg; gz;ghl;L kj Mzhjpf;fj;ijAk; NkYk; Mokhf kjq;fs; njhlHghd gFjpapy;
Muha;Nthk;.
112
gp. ,uahfud;
,e;J Mzhjpf;fg; ghHg;gdpaj;jpy;>

rhjp tbtpy; ,Wfpa
FLk;gj; jd;ikfs;
rh jp xLf;FKiw gw;wp ,d;W gy;NtW thjg; gpujpthjq;fs;
fl;likf;fg;gLfpd;wd. Mdhy;> ghl;lhsptHf;fk; kl;LNk ,ijr; rhpahf
,dk; fhz;fpd;wJ. ,Jgw;wp ehk; gpwpnjhU E}ypy; Muha;Nthk;.
Mdhy; rhjpia cUthf;Ftjpy; FLk;gj;jpd; gq;F vd;d vd;gJ
,g; G j; j fj; j pd; Fwpg; g hd tplakhFk; . caHrhjp Mz; f spd;
Mzhjpf;fj;ij ,e;Jkjk; ghJfhj;jgbjhd;> rhjpaikg;gpy; ghypay;
tpsf;fj;ijAk; nfhLj;jJ.
mHj;j rh];jpuk; (3>8) ,y;> ~~#j;jpug; ngz; caHrhjp Mz;fs;
,d;gk; mDgtpg;gjw;F chpats;||27> ~~caH rhjpf;fhud; xU #j;jpug;
ngz;NzhL NrHe;J cly; ,d;gk; ngWthNdahdhy; mjid xU
Fw;wkhff; fUjf;$lhJ.||27 rhjpa hPjpahfg; gpse;J> jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik
rhjpaikg;G> Mzhjpf;f hPjpahfj; jho;e;j rhjpg; ngz;fis caHrhjp
Mz;fSf;F mbikahf;fp> ghypay; ,d;gj;ijf; Nfs;tp fle;J
mDgtpf;Fk; chpik mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,q;F ngz;zpd; ~fw;G|
gw;wpa Mzhjpf;f tpsf;fk; caHrhjp Mzhjpf;fj;jhy; nrhe;j
eyd; rhHe;J rKjha hPjpahfNt kPwg;gLfpd;wJ. ngz;zpd; fw;Ghpik
mtis kP w pr; #iwahlg; g Lfpd; w J. ,d; W elf; F k; rhjp
td;Kiwfspy;> ,e;J ghrpr topapy; fw;gopg;G nghJ tbtkhfpd;wJ.
mJ kiwKfkhf> Neubahf epahag;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ,dp rhjpag;
gpwg;igg; ,e;J Mzhjpf;f tpsf;f topapy; Muha;Nthk;.
gpwg;gpd; rhjpg; gpsit ,l;L ,e;J kjk; vg;gb tpsf;fk;
jUfpd;wJ vdg; ghHg;Nghk;;. ~~rhyrhk;gtd; vd;gtd; ,iwr;rpiaj;
jpdKk; rptypq;fj;Jf;Fg; gilj;J te;jhdhk;. xUehs; fhkNjD
vd;w gR> NjtH cyfj;jpy; ,Ue;J ,wq;fpte;jjhk;. je;ij> kfidg;
ghHj;J> ~~,d;W eP mjd; jiria mWj;J rptypq;fj;Jf;Fg; gil||
vd;W $wpaJld;> me;j ,iwr;rpia cz;zf; $lhJ vd;Wk; $wpr;
nrd;whdhk;. %j;jkfd; mjd;gb nra;jNghJ mtdpd; fHg;gpzpahf
,Ue;j kidtp mt;tpiwr;rpia cz;ztpUk;gpdhs;. (fpwp];jtj;jpy;
gp. ,uahfud;
113
Mg;gpisj; jpd;W rhj;jhdpd; gpwg;ghfpaJ ngz;zhy;jhNd) mjdhy;

mjpy; xU gFjpia cz;zf; nfhLj;jhd;. ,jdhy; fhkNjD
mt;tplj;jpy; ,we;Jtpl;ljhk;. je;ij te;J mjpHr;rpaile;J fhkNjD
,we;j fhuzj;ij mwpe;J> ,isakfdplk; G+iria xg;gilj;jJld;>
%j;j kfidr; Nrhpf;F nry; vd;whuhk;.|| 28
,e;jf; fij gytplaj;ij vkf;F czHj;Jfpd;wJ. ,e;jpar;
rKjhaj;jpd; %j;jFbfs; jho;rhjp kf;fs; vd;gijAk;> rhjp hPjpahfg;
gpwg; i gg; ghHg; g dpak; jdJ eydpy; ,Ue; J Gide; j ijAk;
fhl;Lfpd;wJ. fWg;G - nts;is gpwg;igg; gw;wp fpwp];jt kjk;
iggpspy; nfhLf;Fk; tpsf;Fk; ,JNghd;wNj. xUehs; je;ij %d;W
kfd;fSlDk; mkHe;jpUf;Fk;NghJ> je;ijapd; cLg;G
tpyfpapUe;jjhk;. ,ij xU kfd; ghHj;J rphpj;jhdhk;. kw;iwa
kfd; fz; L k; fhzhjJ Nghy; ,Ue; j hdhk; . kw; w td; mij
%btpl;lhdhk;. %btpl;ltd; nts;isadhfTk;> fz;Lk; fhzhjtd;
Nghy; ,Ue;jtd; kz; epwg; gpwg;ghfTk; (Mrpah tif)> kw;wtd;
fWg;gdhfTk; gpwe;jjhf Mrpaf; fpwp];jtk; tpsf;Ffpd;wJ. ,JNghy;
,d;ndhU INuhg;gpa tpsf;fk; rhj;jhdpd; gpwg;G fWg;ghfTk;> flTspd;
gpwg;G nts;isahfTk; ,dntwpAld; iggps; vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ.
gpwg;Gfs; gw;wpa tpsf;fq;fs; rKjhaj;jpd; mlf;FKiwfis
epahag;gLj;j cUthf;fg;gl;lijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,e;jpahtpy; gpwf;Fk;
xt;nthU Foe;ijAk; jdJ nrhe;jr; rhjpia vg;gb milahsk;
fhz;fpd;whd; vdpd;> je;ij topapNyNa xopa jha; topapy; my;y.
,e;j milahsk; $l Foe;ijapd; gpwg;Gf;F Kd;Ng> mjhtJ
fUTf;F Kd;Ng> MzpdJk; ngz;zpdJk; tpe;jpNyNa jPHkhdfukhfr;
rhjpailahsj; i jg; ngw; W tpLfpd; w J. Mzhjpf; f mikg; g py;
ngz;zpd; gpwg;G> tpe;J ,iztpy;jhd; jPHkhdkhfpd;wJ. Mdhy;>
rhjp mjw;F Kd;Ng rhjp milahsj;Jld; jhd; ,izfpd;wJ.
Mzhjpf;fk; ntw;wpngw Kd;G rhjp vd;gJ ,Ue;jjpy;iy. khwhff;
fy;tp fw;w FUFyj;jpy; Foe;ijapd; tUzj; njhopiy xl;bf;
FUNt jPHkhdpj;jhH. ,e;j chpikiaj; je;ijf;F khw;wpaJld;
rhjpf; fl;likg;G jPHkhdfukhfpd;wJ.
mLj; J > fy; t p fw; g pf; F k; FUTf; F ,Ue; j chpikia>
je;ijapd; iff;F khw;wpajd; %yk; je;ijapd; njhopy; guk;giuahfp>
njhopy; rhHe;j tUzk; rhjpahfg; ghpzkpf;fpd;wJ. mLj;J fy;tp
fw;W ntspNaWk;NghJ mJ ghuhl;lhf ,Ue;j tuyhw;iw khw;wp>
xU Gdpjr; rkar; rlq; f hf khw; w g; g l; l jd; %yk; je; i jtop
rlq;Fhpik rhjpg; gbiaj; jPHkhdfukhf;Ffpd;wJ. mLj;J> fy;tpapy;
khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. Kd;G gapw;rpf;Fg; gpd;G fy;tp vd;gij
114
gp. ,uahfud;
khw;wp fy;tpf;Fg; gpd; gapw;rp vd;gjd; %yk;> je;ij Mjpf;ff;

fy;tp ngw;w gpd; gapw;rpiaf; FUtplk; ngWjy; vd;W khw;wg;gl;lJ.
,jd; %yk; je;ij mjpfhuk; jPHkhdfukhfpd;wJ.
gy;NtWgl;l kdpjHfSld; NrHe;J> gy;NtW fiyfisg;
gapd;W> mjpy; ,Ue;J njhopiy xl;b tUzq;fs; cUthf;fg;gl;lij
khw;wpdhH kD (kD vd;gJ mthpd; nrhe;jg; ngaH my;y. mthpd;
nrhe;jg; ngaH Rkjp ghHf;ft MFk;). mj;Jld; ,ij vOjpa
fhyj;jpy; ,it mKy;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. khwhf fp.K 170-150-,f;Fk;
,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jpy; G\;akpj;jpuhpd; fhyj;jpy; Gj;jj;Jf;F vjpuhfr;
nra;j gLnfhiyfspd;NghJ> mjhtJ xU Gj;jj; Jwtpapd; jiyf;F
100 nghw; f hR vd; W mwptpj; J elj; j pa ghHg; g dpa Mjpf; f
td;Kiwapd; NghNj kD ];kpUjp vd;w ngahpy; mJ r%fj;jpd;
tpjpahf;fg;gl;lJ. kDtpd; fhyj;jpy; mt;tpjpfis kf;fs; Vw;Wf;
nfhs;stpy;iy. ,jw;F vjpuhfg; ~ghdh| vd;w ftpQd; vjpHj;J
ghbAs;sJld;> md;W ele;j nfhiyfisAk; mk;gyg;gLj;jpaij
mwpaKbfpd; w J. mj; J ld; mt; t hl; r piaf; ifg; g w; w elj; j pa
ghHg;gdpa ntwpahl;lj;ij epahag;gLj;j gy Gjpa tpjpfisAk;
GFj;jpdH. (ghHf;f - mk;Ngj;fH E}iy.)13
je;ijaplk; fy;tp fw;gpf;Fk; chpikia toq;fp> guk;giuj;
njhopiy cUthf;fpAk;> FUtpd; fy;tp fw;gpf;Fk; chpikiag;
gwpj;Jk;> gapw;rpia ,uz;lhk; fhyf; fl;lj;jpw;F cUthf;fpajd;
%yk;> je;ijtop rhjpg; guk;giu tUzj;Jf;Fg; gjpy; cUthfpd;wJ.
,g;gb Mzhjpf;f topapy; Foe;ijf;Fr; rhjp tbtj;ijj; je;ij
nfhLj;jhH. ,jdhy; ngz;zpd; jpUkz cwTfspy; $l xOq;fikg;G
rhjpf; fz; N zhl; l j; j py; > Mzhjpf; f tbtj; i j kD kP s
xOq;fikf;fpd;whH. mij Muha;Nthk;. mjhtJ kd;dH guk;giu
(rj;jphpag; guk;giu) vg;gb mjpfhu Ml;rpahsHfshf cUthf vd;d
fhuzq;fs; ,Ue;jdNth> mNj fhuzq;fs; rhjp cUthf;fj;jpYk;
jPHkhdfukhd gq;if toq;fpaJ.
je; i jtop rhjpaikg; i g cUthf; f kD 9.317 ,y; > ....
~~gpuhkzHfs; fw;wwpe;jth;fshf ,Ue;jhYk;> mwptpypahf ,Ue;jhYk;
rf;jpkpf;f nja;tkhthh;fs;. neUg;ghdJ Nts;tpapy; tsHf;fg;gl;lhYk>;
tPl;by; tsHf;fg;gl;lhYk; rf;jptha;e;j nja;tkhapUg;gJ Nghy;||25
vd;w ctikfSld; tUzj;ijr; rhjpahf khw;wpa ghHg;gdpa
kDjHkk; Foe;ijfspd; thhpRhpikiaj; je;ijf;Fhpikahf;fpaJ.
,ij NkYk; kD 9.319 ,y;> ... ~~gpuhkzHfs; vy;yhtpjkhd ,ope;j
njhopy; f spy; <Lgl; l hYk; mtHfSf; F vg; N ghJk; khpahij
mspf;fNtz;Lk;. Vndd;why; mtHfsplk; vy;yhtw;iwAk; fle;j
gp. ,uahfud;
115
nja;tj;jd;ik ,Uf;fpd;wJ||25 vd;W Vw;gLj;jpajd; %yk; njhopy;

rhHe; J cUthd tUzk; je; i jtop rhHe; J mij kWf; f j;
njhlq;fpaJ. njhopy; rhHe;j tUzj;Jf;Fg; gjpy; njhopy; rhuhj
je;ijapd; guk;giu chpik rhjpg; gbepiyia cUthf;fpaJ. ,J
gpd;dhy; rpy tpjptpyf;Fld; njhopy;fSf;Fs;Sk; tsHr;rpg; Nghf;fpy;
GFe;jJ.
jq; f s; Foe; i jfisAk; #j; j puHfspd; epiyf; F j; jho; j ; j p

tpLfpwhHfs;.||25 kD 3.17 ,y;> ~~#j;jpu kidtpAld; clYwT nfhs;fpw
gpuhkzd; ,we;jgpd; eufj;jpy; Mo;thd;. mtsplk; mtd; Foe;ij
ngw;why; mtd; gpuhkzd; vd;w me;j];ij ,oe;J tpLthd;|| 25
vd; w jHkj; i j kD cUthf; f p> ghHg; g dpaj; je; i jtop r%f
mikg;ig cWjpg;gLj;jpdH.
mjhtJ nghUshjhu Vw;wj; jho;it caHj;Jk; je;ijtop

Mzhjpf;fj; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpik> xU njhopiy Kw;WKOjhfg;
guk; g iuahf; f Kbahj Nghf; f py; rpy njhopy; f isj; jP z ; l j;
jfhNjhUf;F kl;Lk; xJf;fpAk;> tpyf;fpAk;>; ghHg;gdh;fSf;Fk; rpyijr;
rpyUf;F xJf;fpAk;> tpyf;fpAk;> vd vy;yh gphpTf;Fk; tiuaWj;jjd;
%yk; mLj;j fl;lg; gha;r;riyg; ghHg;gdpak; jdf;Fr; rhHghf;fpaJ.
njhopy;hPjpapy; je;ij top thhpRhpikapd;wp jpwikapd; mbg;gilapy;
,Ue;j tUzj;ijj; jfHj;j ghHg;gdpak;> njhopy; rhuhj rhjp
tUzj;ij cUthf;fp> njhopy; hPjpapYk; KOikahd
rhjptUzj;ijg; GFj;j Kbahj jdpr;nrhj;Jhpikapd; Ruz;ly;
eyd;fs; FWf;fpl;ld. vdNt> ,jpy; gz;ghl;Lj; jsj;jpy; xUfl;lg;
gha;r;riy kl;Lk; Vw;gLj;Jtjpy; ,Ue;J eilKiwg;gLj;jpdH.
rhjp fle;j jpUkzj;jpy;> Mzpd; Ke;jpa cah;rhjp je;ijtop

chpik gwpf;fg;gl;L> ngz;zpd; epiyf;Fj; juk;jho;j;Jk; Mzhjpf;fk;
ngz;zpd; rhjpailahsj;ij MZf;Ff; nfhLf;fpd;wJ. ,jd;%yk;
Foe; i j ngz; z pd; jho; r hjp epiyiag; ngz; t opapy; ngw; W f;
nfhs;fpd;wJ. rhjpf; fl;liktpy; Mz; rhHe;j caHrhjp mopg;ig>
ngz;topapy; ,dk; fhl;LtJ Mzhjpf;fj; je;ij topKiwf;F
vjpuhdjhf ,Ue; j NghJk; > Mzhjpf; f kDjHkk; rhjpiaf;
fl;likg;gjpy; jPtpukhf ,Ue;jijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
khw;wp mikf;fg;gl;l kdpjg; gpstpy; Mz; - ngz;zpd;

NrHf;ifia xl;ba gz;ghl;Lf; fyhr;rhu xOf;fq;fs; Gjpa Mzhjpf;f
kDjHkg; Nghf; i ff; Nfhuj; njhlq; f paJ. Kd; G tUzj; J f; F
,ilapy; je;ijapd; guk;giu chpik ,y;yhjjhy; ,yFthf tUzk;
fle;j jpUkzk;> je;ijapd; thhpRhpik rhjpf;fl;likg;ig Vw;gLj;jpa
NghJ> jpUkzj; j pYk; je; i jtop Mjpf; f k; fl; l ikf; f g; g l; l J.
Gj; j kjj; i j ntw; w p ngw; w ghHg; g dpak; mjw; F Kd; ,Ue; j
rJHtUzj; i j
kP s cUthf; f paJ. ,Ue; j NghJk; ,e; j r;
rJHtUzj;jpy; ehY gphpTfs; ,Ue;jNghJk; ,q;F fyg;G kzq;fs;
rhjhuzkhf epfo;e;jijg; gpuhkzuhd tpahr hp\papd; Fbtopg;
gl;baypy; Mjhukhff; (ghHf;f - mk;Ngj;fhpd; Ma;T E}y;fs;) fhz
KbAk;. gy Gfo;ngw;w Kdpth;fspd; jpUkzq;fs; vy;yhk; fyg;G
kzq;fs;jhd;.
,ijj; jLf;f kD cUthf;fpa Mzhjpf;fr; rl;lq;fs;>
fl;Lg;ghLfs; Vuhskhdit. kD 3.12 ,y;> ~~,U gpwg;ghsHfspy;
Kjy; jpUkzj;Jf;F> rkkhd rhjpiar; NrHe;jth; (kidtpaH)
ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpd;wdH.||25 kD 3.13 ,y;> ~~#j;jpu tUzj;ijr;
NrHe;j ngz; #j;jpudpd; kidtpahapUf;f KbAk;...||25 kD 3.15
,y; > ~~,U gpwg; g hsHfs; > klikapdhy; > fP o ; (#j; j pud; ) rhjp
kidtpaiu kzf;Fk;NghJ> tpiutpy; jq;fSila FLk;gq;fisAk;>
116
gp. ,uahfud;
,e;j eilKiw rhHe;j rhjp xOf;fq;fs; Mzhjpf;f Mz;fspd;

ghypay; Ntl;ifiaNah> jho;e;j rhjpg; ngz;fSldhd cwitNah
jLj;Jtpltpy;iy. Mz;fs; fPo;rhjpg; ngz;fis Nehf;fpr; nry;tJk;>
,jdhy; mtHfspd; rhjp milahsk; mopjYk;> mNjNeuk; Kd;G
tof; f py; ,Ue; j jpUkzKiwapdhy; Foe; ; i j Mz; t opapy;
milahsk; fhz;gJk;> mNjNeuk; caH rhjpg; ngz; jho;rhjp
MZld; clYwT nfhs; S k; N ghJ> Foe; i j jho; e ; j rhjpia
miltJk; r%f neUf;fbiaj; Njhw;Wtpj;jJ. ,ijj; jLf;f kD
nra;j rjp Foe;ijiag; ngz;top rhjpahy; milahsk; fhz;gpj;jjd;
%yk;> caHrhjpg; ngz;fs; fPo;epiy miltijj; jLj;jJ. mNjNeuk;
jho;e;j rhjp ngz;zpd; Foe;ij> ngz;zpd; %yk; Mzhjpf;fr;
r%fj;jpy; milahsk; fhz;gJ vd;gJ> Mzpd; nghWg;gpy; ,Ue;J
Foe; i jiar; rhjpapd; %yk; xJf; f paJ. ,q; F je; i jf; F k;
Foe;ijf;Fk; ,ilapy; rhjp jLg;ghfpaJ. ,jdhy; cz;ikapy;
tpUk;gpa Mz; - ngz; cwT Foe;ijapd; rhjpahy; gpsTgl;L>
ngz; i z tpgr; r hu epiyf; F my; y J itg; g hl; b epiyf; F j;
juk;jho;j;jp> caHrhjp Mz;fspd; Mzhjpf;fj;ij mDgtpf;f ,Ue;j
rhjpj;jiliaj; jfHj;J ,yFthf;fpaJ kDjHkk;.
,J caHrhjpg; ngz;fspd; epiyia Nkk;gLj;jptpltpy;iy.
Mzhjpf;fj;jpd; mbikepiyiag; ngz; kPjhd Gjpa fl;Lg;ghLfs;
Clhf ,Wf; f p> ngz; z pd; xOf; f j; i j caHrhjpf; F s; epiwT
nra;jjd; %yk;> ngz;zpd; GzHr;rpiaf; fz;fhzpj;J> mtSf;Fg;
gpwf;Fk; Foe;ijapd; rhjpf; fyg;igj; jLj;jdH. jho;e;j rhjpg;
ngz;zpd; xOf;fj;ij caHrhjp vy;iyf;Fs; tiuaWj;j kDjHkk;>
gp. ,uahfud;
117
caH rhjpg; ngz;zpd; xOf;fj;ij caHrhjpf;Fs; vy;iyg;gLj;jpaJ.

,q;F ,ul;ilj; jd;ik Vw;gl;lJ. jho;e;j rhjpg; ngz;Zf;Fk;
caH rhjp MZf;Fk; gpwf;Fk; Foe;ijiaj; jho;e;j rhjpahff;
fz;l Mzhjpf;f ,e;J jHkk;> caH rhjp ngz;Zf;Fk; jho;e;j
rhjp MZf;Fk; ,ilapy; gpwf;Fk; Foe;ijiaj; jho;rhjpf;Fs;
ngz;izAk; NrHj;Jj; js;spr; nrd;W xOf;fg; gz;ghlhf;fpaJ.
rhjpfle;j cwTfs; fs;s cwthfj; njhlHtJ tof;fhf ,Ue;jJ.
caHrhjpg; ngz; jho;e;j rhjpiar; NrHe;j MZld; fs;s cwT
nfhs;tJk;> rhjp mbg;gilapy; kiwg;gJk; ,yFthf ,Ue;jJ.
,ijf; nfhz;l xU rk;gtj;ij cs;slf;fpa fij tof;F xd;iwg;
ghHg;Nghk;.
~~Fkhp khtl;lf; flNyhuf; fpuhkq;fspy; xd;whd Gj;J}hpy;
FWk;G ,dg;ngz; Kf;FtUld; fs;s cwT itj;jpUe;jhs;. xUehs;
cwT nfhs;Sk;NghJ fztd; te;JtplNt> Kf;Ftiuj; jz;zPH
Nfl;Lf; Fbf;f te;jtHNghy; mg;ngz; epWj;jpdhs;. tPl;by; ,Ue;J
nfz;bapy; jz;zPH nfhz;Lte;J Cw;Wk;NghJ> mg;ngz; Kf;Fthplk;
nfz;biaj; njhlhNj vd;W gyKiw $wpj; jz;zPH thHj;jhshk;.
jz;zPH Fbj;Jtpl;L ntspapy; te;j Kf;FtH ~#j;jpuj;jp Fz;b
jUthshk; nfz;b jukhl;lhshk;| vd;W $wpr; nrd;whuhk;.||28 ,e;jf;
fij tof;fpy; ngz; fs;s cwtpy; rhjpfle;J mDgtpj;j czHT>
rhjpf; f l; L khdj; j py; nghUl; f isj;
njhLtij kWf; f pd; w J.
caHrhjpg; ngz; f s; fP o ; r hjp Mz; f isg; ghypay; hP j pahfg;
gad; g Lj; J tJ Mjpf; f r; rhjpapd; mbg; g ilapy; ,yFthdjhf
,Uf; f pd; w J. (lhdpaypd; rpy ,yf; f pag; gilg; G fs; ,jw; F s;
ntspg;gLfpd;wJ.)
,ijg; Nghd;w kw;nwhU fij tof;ifg; ghHg;Nghk;. gidkuk;
Njhd;wpa tuyhw;iwg; ghHg;Nghk;. ~~fhl;by; Rid xd;iw cUthf;fp
tyq;ifaHfisf; fhsp tsHj;J tu> me;jr; Rid ePiu
xU
gpuhkzDk; mtd; kidtpAk; Fbj;JtpLfpd;wdH. Mj;jpukile;j
fhsp mtHfisj; jiyfPohf el;Ltpl Mz; - ngz; gidahf
tsHe; j duhk; . || 28 kjf; fijfs; gy; N tW r%f tpisTfis
ntspg; g Lj; j paNghJk; > gpwg; G fspd; tf; f puq; f s; tpfhukhdit.
gpwg;Gfs; ,opthlg;gLfpd;wd. ,aw;ifahd ghypay; cwT> ghpzhk
tsHr;rp ,iwf; Nfhl;ghLfspd; gpd;dhy; Nfhukhf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;j
,lj;jpy; gidNaWk; jho;e;j rhjp Mz;fs;> caHrhjpg; ghHg;gdg;
ngz;fisj; jOTtjhff; fhl;Ltjd; %yk;> gidNaWtJ ,opT
vd;w gjj;ijf; Nfyp nra;J ghHg;gdpag; ngz;izg; ghypay; hPjpahff;
nfhr;irg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk;> rKjhaj;jpd; rpy nghJj; jd;ikfisg;
gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ. caHrhjpg; ngz;fs; jho;e;j rhjp Mz;fisg;
118
gp. ,uahfud;
ghypay; hP j pahf mbikg; g Lj; j p jkJ ghypay; Njitf; F g;

gad;gLj;Jk; jd;ikAk;> caH rhjp Mz; jho;e;j rhjpg; ngz;izg;
ghypay; hPjpahfg; gad;gLj;jpaNghJ> rhjp Mjpf;fk; ghypaypy;
Kuz;gl;L ,uz;L jsj;jpy; ,aq;fpAs;sJ.
fPijapy; mHr;RdDf;Ff; fpU\;zd;; mspj;j cgNjrj;jpy;>
Aj;jk; rhjpf;fyg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk; vd;w mr;rj;ij Kd;itf;fpd;wJ.
mij Muha;Nthk;.
~~Fyf\Na g;uzr;ae;jp FyjHkh: ];ehjdh:
jhNk e\;Nl Fyq; f;Uj;];d - kjHNkh gpgtj;Aj||23
- vd;W mj;jpahak; 1 RNyhfk; 40 ,y;> ~~fpU\;zh> mjHkk;
#o;e;J tpl;lhy;> Fyg; ngz;fs; nfLtH. ngz;fs; nfl;lhy; tHzr;
rhq;fhpak; (Fyq;fspd; fyg;G) Vw;gl;LtpLk;||23 vd;W mUr;Rdd;
$Wk;NghJ> Mzhjpf;fr; rhjpaikg;gpd; ntl;lntspr;rkhd Mjpf;fk;
ntspg; g Lfpd; w J. ,e; j r; rhjpa Mzhjpf; f xOf; f j; i jf;
Fiyg;gtHfs; Jd;gj;ij mDgtpg;gH vd;W $wp nry;Yk;. mj; 1.
RNyhfk; 41Ig; ghHg;Nghk;.
~~mjHkhgpgthj; f;U\z g;uJ\;ae;jp Fy];jphpa:
];j;hP\P J\;lh]P thH\;Nza [haNj tHz]q;fu||23
,jd; mHj;jk;> ~~mt;tpjf; fyg;G> Fyj;ij mopj;jtHfSf;Fk;
me;jf; Fyj;jpw;Fk; eufj;ijNa jUk;. ,tHfSila
gpj;Uf;fnsy;yhk; rpuhj;j gpz;lKk; jHg;gz [yKk; mw;W eufq;fspy;
tpOthHfs;||23 vd;W $Wk;NghJ> rhjpak; jfHfpd;wNghJ rhjpaf;
fyg;G nghUshjhu hPjpahfg; ghHg;gdpaj;jpd; jdpr;nrhj;Jhpikiaj;
jfHf;Fk;. ,jdhy; Mzhjpf;fk; gytPdg;gl;L> ngz;fs; Rje;jpuj;ij
mDgtpf;f KbAk;. ,ijNa eufj;Jf;Fr; rkkhdJ vd;Wk;> ,J
Fyj; j pd; Mzhjpf; f r; rhjpa Mjpf; f g; nghUshjhu eyidj;
Jilj;njwpAk; vd;w mbg;gilapy;> Aj;jj;ijapl;L mUr;Rdd; gpd;
thq;FtijNa fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,e;jr; rpijit vg;gb tUzpf;fpd;whd;
vd mj;jpahak; 1 RNyhfk; 39 ,y; ghHg;Nghk;.
~~Rfk; e [;Nqak];khgp: ghghj ];khe;eptHj;jpJk;
Fyf\af;Ujk; Njh\k; g;ug];aj;gpH [ehHj e||23
,jd; mHj;jk; ~~Fyk; mope;jhy; Guhjdkhd Fyj;jHkq;fs;
mope;J NghFk;. jHkk; mope;jhy; Fyk; KOtijAk; mjHkk;
#o;e;JtpLk;||23 vd;w mbg;gilahd fhuzj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj> fPijia
,e;Jkjk; J}f;fpgpbf;fpd;wJ. ,e;jr; rpijthy; Vw;gLk; tpisitAk;
ghHg;Nghk;.
gp. ,uahfud;
119
~~]q;fNuh eufhiat Fyf;dhdhk; Fy];a r

gje;jp gpjNuh `;Na\hk; Yg;j - gpz;Nlhjf - f;hpah||23
mj; 1. RNyhfk; 42 ,y; $Wk; mHj;jk;> ~~tHzf; fyg;ig
cz;lhf;Ffpd;w Fyg; ghjfHfspd; ,j;jifa jPq;Ffshy; epiyahd
rhjp jHkq;fSk;> Fyj; jHkq;fSk; mope;JNghFk;||23 vd;W rhjpaf;
flikfs; rpijtjhy; Vw; g Lk; > Mjpf; f r; rhjpapd; rpijit
ntspg; g Lj; J fpd; w J. ,J rKjhaj; j pd; gz; g hl; L > fyhr; r hur;
rpijitg; giwrhw;Wfpd;wJ. ,e;jr; rpijthy; eufk; fpilf;Fk;
vd;W mLj;j RNyhfk; $wpr; nry;Yfpd;wJ. eufk; vd;gJ RfNghfkhf
tho;tJ mope;J NghFk; vd;gij Fwpj;Jr; nrhy;Yfpd;wJ. mLj;jtd;
ciog;igr; rhjpaf; flikahf;fp> mij epiyahd rhjpahf;fpj;
jpUkzf; fyg;ig kWj;J> ngz;iz mbikahf;fp thOk; RfNghfk;>
mopfpd;wNghJ mJ eufkhf> rKjha ,opthf ,Ug;gJ fz;Nl
fPij mQ;Rfpd;wJ.
,e;j kfhghujj;ij vOjpa tpahrH $l fyg;Gj; jpUkzj;jpd;
gpwg;G vd;gJk;> mtH ghHg;ghdhf khwpaJk; tprpj;jpukd;W. guhrd;
vd;w ghHg;gd hp\pf;F fhspnad;w kPdtg; ngz;zplk; gpwe;j kfNd
tpahrH. ,e;j tpahrHf;F f;Ujhrp vd;w Ntj kq;if gpwe;jjhfTk;
Guhzq;fs; $Wfpd;wd. kfhghujj;jpy; ele;j Vuhskhd fyg;G
kzg;gpwg;igf; fhzKbAk;. ,ij ~~Vfhjr ]q;fu tHzk;||23 vd;W
miof;fg;gl;lJ.
~~fu;zd; (#j;jpug; ngz;Zf;Fk; itrpaDf;Fk; gpwe;jtd;.)>
cf;ud; (#j;jpug; ngz;Zf;Fk; itrpaDf;Fk; gpwe;jtd;)> mk;g\;ld;
(itrpag; ngz;Zf;Fk; ghHg;gDf;Fk; gpwe;jtd;)> khfjd; (rj;jphpag;
ngz; Z f; F k; itrpaDf; F k; gpwe; j td; ) > ]P j d; (ghHg; g dg;
ngz;Zf;Fk; rj;jphpaDf;Fk; gpwe;jtd;)> rz;lhsd; (ghHg;gdg;
ngz;Zf;Fk; #j;jpuDf;Fk; gpwe;jtd;)... vd vz;zw;w gpwg;Gfs;
rhjpfle;J fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
,d;W ,e;jr; rhjp fle;j fyg;Gg; gpwg;Ng Mapuf;fzf;fhd
rhjpfisg; gpse;J gpse;J cUthf;fpaJ. jpUkzf; fyg;Ng Gjpa
rhjpfspd; Cw;W%ykhFk;. rhjpf;fyg;G rhjpia xopg;gjw;Fg; gjpy;>
Gjpa rhjpia cUthf;ff; fhuzkhf> kjj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpLglhikAk;>
rhjpaf; flik nghUshjhu hP j pahff; fl; l ikf; f g; g l; b Ug; g Jk;
Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. mj;Jld; ,jd; Nky; Mzhjpf;f tbtk; rhjpiaf;
fle; j NghJk; > jdpr; n rhj; J hpikf; fz; N zhl; l j; j py; ,Wfpf;
fple;jJkhFk;. ,J xl;Lnkhj;jj;jpy; Gjpa rhjpfisf; fpistpl;L
cUthf;fpaJ. ,J ,ufrpakhd rhjp fle;j ghypay; cwthf
120
gp. ,uahfud;
khWfpd;w NghJk;> my;yJ mjpfhuj;jpd; %yk; ghypaiyf; fPo;r;

rhjpg; ngz;iz caH rhjp MZk;> caH rhjpg; ngz; fPo;r; rhjp
Mizg; gad;gLj;jpaNghJ> tpgr;rhuKk;; itg;ghl;bj;jdKk; nghJg;
gz;ghf;fpaJ.
rhjpa hP j pahf itg; g hl; b j; j dj; i jAk; > tpgr; r huj; i jAk;
tsHj;j kDjHkk;> Mz; jpUkzj;jpd; %yk; fPo;r;rhjpahtijj;
jLj; j J. vjpH epiyapy; ngz; kP w paNghJ epfo; e ; j me; j
mj;JkPwy;fspy; ngz;fs; vhpf;fg;gl;ldH> nfhy;yg;gl;ldH.
~~ghHg;gdHfSf;Fk; \j;jphpaHfSf;Fkpilapy; epfo;e;j fyg;G
kzj;jpy; gpwe;jtHfs;jhd; jhd;]PjHfs;;||122 ,tHfs; jhd; Ntjj;ij
,aw;wTk;> nfhz;L nrd;W gpur;rhuk; nra;aTk; nra;jdH. ,q;fpUe;Nj
,e;jf; fyg;G kzk; rhj;jpakhfpd;wJ.
kfhghuj MrphpaH mRur; rhjpiar; NrHe; j ngz; f isf;
fpU\;zd; kzg;gij vjpHf;fhj jd;ikapy; rhjpf; $Wfs; gytPdkhd
mf;fhyf;fl;lk; ntspg;gLfpd;wJ my;yJ Mzhjpf;fj;jpd; Njit
rhjpfle; j tiuKiwapd; w p mq; f P f hpf; f g; g LtJk; ,ay; g hf
ntspg;gLfpd;wJ. mf;fhyj;jpy; ghHg;gdNu Vw;f kWj;j ,e;jg; ghypay;
xOq;ifj; jLf;ff; fLk; rl;lq;fs; cUthf;fg;gl;ld. kD 8.382
,y;> ~~xU ghHg;ghd; Vida ,U tHzg; ngz;fSlNdh> #j;jpug;
ngz;fSlNdh clYwT nfhz;lhy; 1000 gzk; jz;lk; nfhLf;f
Ntz;Lk;.||13 kD 8.383 ,y;> ~~ghJfhg;gpy;yhj rj;jphpag; ngz;fSld;
cwT nfhz;l itrpaDf;Fg; gzk; 500 jz;lk; tpjpf;fg;gLk;.
,Nj Fw;wj;ijr; nra;j rj;jphpaDf;Fj; jz;lid 500; mguhjk;
my;yJ fOij %j;jpuj;ijj; jiyapy; Cw;wp nkhl;ilabf;f
Ntz;Lk;.||13 kD 8.384 ,y;> ~~(cwtpdH) ghJfhg;gpy;yhj itrpa
my;yJ rj;jphpa my;yJ #j;jpug; ngz;fSld; clYwT nfhz;l
ghHg;ghDf;F mguhjg; gzk; 500> kpff; fPo;rhjpg; ngz;Zld; cwT
nfhz;lhy; ghHg;ghDf;F mguhjg; gzk; 1000.|| 13
,e;j tpjpfs; kDtpd; gyKuz;gl;l Nghf;fpy; ntspg;gLtJld;
Mzhjpf; f r; rhjpr; rl; l khfpd; w J. kD vOjpajw; F k; mij
mKy;gLj;jKbahj tuyhw;Wg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; gpd;> khwpte;j fhyj;jpy;
kDTf;Fs; ,izf;fg;gl;l tpjpfSk; ,ize;J xd;Wf;F xd;W
Kuz;ghlhd gy tpjpfs; Mfpd;wNghJ rpf;fYf;Fs;shfpd;wJ. Mdhy;
,e;j tpjpfs; gy fhyf; fl;lj;jpd; Clhf kDTf;Fr; NrHg;Gk;>
jpUj; j j; i jAk; ghHg; g dpas eyd; rhHe; J cs; t hq; f p xLf; F k;
tbtkhf khwpaJ njspthFk; NghJ> (,jw;Fg; gy Mjhuq;fs;
gp. ,uahfud;
121
rk; g tj; J ld; cs; s J.) ,ij vjpHj; j Nghuhl; l k; rpf; f Yf; F
cs;shtjpy;iy.
rhjp fle;j cwT kw;Wk; jpUkzj;ijg; ghHg;gdHfNs jkJ
Mzhjpf; f g; GzHr; r p Ntl; i fapy; kP w paijAk; > mij kjpf; f
kWj;jijAk; ,it fhl;Lfpd;wJ. gioa fyg;G kzq;fs; (Gfo;
ngw;w gy gilg;Gfspy; Mjhuk; cs;sJ) njhlHr;rpahf NtuWf;f>
,e;j cwTfs; kPJ fLk; jz;lidKiw Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,q;F
,e;j cwTfs; vd;gJ vy;iy fle;J> fl;Lg;ghL mw;W> nespT
Ropthd tifapy;> ,yFthdjhf ,Ue;jij epWTfpd;wJ. Mz; ngz; ,yFthf gu];guk; cwT nfhz;lijj; jLf;f ngz;fs;
gw;wpa tpjp vkf;Ff; (NkYs;s tpjpfisj; njhFj;J tpkHrpj;Js;Nsd;.)
fhl;Lfpd;wd. ,q;F rhjpf;Fs; kl;Lk; ,t;tpjpfs; fl;Lg;ghl;ilf;
NfhUfpd;wdNt xopa> kWjsj;jpy; nrhe;jr; rhjpg; ngz;fsplj;jpy;
rYifia toq; F fpd; w J my; y J nkd; i kahf mZFfpd; w J.
Mzhjpf;fg; ghHg;gdpag; ngz;fs; kPjhd FLk;g Kiwiar; rhjpf;Fs;
epWj;jpajd; %yk;> cyfpy; cs;s ngz;fspd; nghJj; jd;ikapy;
,Ue;J> rpwg;ghd xLf;FKiwiag; ngz;fs; vjpH nfhs;fpd;wdH.
,e;jpar; r%fj;jpy; rhjp fle;j jpUkz chpikiaf; Nfhhpg;
NghuhLk; [dehaf chpik> vy;yh r%fj;ijAk; tpl
rpwg;ghditahFk;;. cyfpy; epwk;> Njrpak;> ,dk;> kjk;> tHf;fk;
rhHe; j jpUkzj; jilfs; vg; g b Mzhjpf; f f; nfhûkhf
,Uf;fpd;wNjh> mij tpl Nkhrkhd Rw;Wr; #oYf;Fs;NsNa rhjpj;
jpUkzj; j il> Nftykhd ghj; j puj; i j tfpg; g jhy; Mzhjpf; f
xopg;gpYk;> rhjp xopg;gpYk; ,it jPHf;fkhd [dehafg; Nghuhl;lkhf
cs;sJ. rhjp Mzhjpf;fk; fPo;r;rhjp ngz;izf; Nftyg;gLj;jf;
nfhr;irg;gLj;j jaq;ftpy;iy. rk;G+uz mhpr;re;jpuhtpy;> ~~jiyiaj;
jhq;Fwhg; Nghy Fj;J Kiyiaj; jhq;Fwhd; gs;sPNu|| 29 vd;W
ghHg; g dpak; ngz; i z ,opTgLj; j p ,urpf; f pd; w J. Fw; w hyf;
FwtQ;rpapy; Fwj;jpia Nky;rhjpf;fhud; mwpKfk; nra;Ak; NghJ>
~~nkhopf;nfhU grg;Gk;> Kiyf;nfhU FYf;Fk;
tpopf;nfhU rpkpl;Lk; ntspf;nfhU rpkpl;Lk;
ntspf;nfhU gfl;Lk; Ma;||29
- vd;W ngz;fis ,opj;Jf; fhl;Lk;.
Mzhjpf;fr; rhjpak; Fwtidg; gw;wp $Wk; NghJ ~~Kl;lg;glh
KiyahidNa Kl;lNth rpq;fp xf;fg;gLf;f xJf;f ,lk; ghHf;fNth
rpq;fp|| 29
122
gp. ,uahfud;
- vd;W Nftyg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,e;j thpfis kDjHkNk ,e;j

tf;fpu ,yf;fpaq;fisg; gilg;gtHfSf;F toq;Ffpd;wJ. kDjHkk;
~~Kiyia Kl;lNth gLf;f ,lk; ghHf;fNth khl;l||29 vd;w ghHg;gdpa
tpsf;fq;fis vLj;Jf; ifahSk;NghJ nrhe;j tf;fpuj;ij> me;j
kf;fs; kPJ jpzpg;gjd; %yk; nfhr;irg;gLj;JtJ epfo;fpd;wJ.
Mdhy;> me;j kf;fspd;> eatQ;rfkw;w ntspg;ghL mtHfspd; ghly;
%yk; ntspg;gLfpd;wJ.
~~ngha; nghl;Lg; Ngrkhl;Nlhk;
NghyPRf;Fg; Nghf khl;Nlhk;
fsT jpUl;L nra;akhl;Nlhk;
fr;Nrhpf;Fg; Nghfkhl;Nlhk; -vq;f
nghz;lhl;b Gs;isfisg;
Ngjkhf vz;z khl;Nlhk;
kQ;rp kiy ehpf;FwtH
ehq;fNs rhkp .. ..||29
- vd; W ghLk; NghJ mtHfspd; tQ; r fkw; w ntspg; g hL
ntFspj;jdj;jpy; gpwf;fpd;wJ. Mzhjpf;f tf;fpuk; mtHfisf;
Nftyg;gLj;jpajd; tpisNt ,e;jg; ghlypd; ntspg;ghlhFk.; ,jpy;
jq;fs; kidtp> gps;isfspilNa Ngjk; ghuhl;Ltjpy;iy vd;w
thpfs;> mtHfspd; caHe;j kdpjj; jd;ikia ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
Mdhy;> rhjp Mzhjpf;fk; me;jg; ngz;fisg; ghHf;fpd;w tpjNk
nrhe;j tf;fpuj;jpy; vOtij ehk; fhzKbAk;. ,e;j khjphpahd
nfhr;irg;gLj;jy; ClhfNt rhjp fye;j jpUkzq;fisg; gpsg;gJ
muq;NfWfpd;wJ.
rhjpaj; j pd; gpwg; i gf; $l fyg; G kzj; j py; ,opthy;
cUthdjhf ,e;J kjk; Fwpg;gpl jtwtpy;iy. ~~nja;tf; Fkhuh;
kD- Fkhuj; j pfNshLf; $btho; e ; J > ,tHfs; mtHfSf; F g;
gps;isfisg; ngw;wjpdhy; mf;fhyj;jpYk; gpw;fhyj;jpYk; ,uhl;rjH
G+kpapypUe;jhHfs;. mtHfNs G+Htj;jpy; NgH ngw;w gythd;fs;||16
vd;W ghHg;gduhd nja;tf; Fkhuiu vjpHj;Jg; Nghhpl;l ,uhl;rjHfs;>
ghHg;gdf; fyg;ghy; cUthdtHfs; vd;gijf; $Wtjd; %yk;> mk;
kf;fspd; ghHg;gd vjpHg;Gg; Nghuhl;lk; ,opTgLj;jg;gl;lJ. vg;NghJk;
fyg;G rhjpg; gphpTfs; cf;fpukhf ,Ujsj;jpYk; ,Ue;J NghuhLtJk;>
mtHfspd; ,Utopj; njhlHGk; rhj; j pakhf; f paJ. ,e; j r; rhjp
Kuz;ghL> ,jdhy; tpopj;njOk; Nghuhl;lk; kPjhd ,opTgLj;jYf;F
vjpuhf Kidg;G ngw;w epiyapy;> ,ij ,e;J jHkk; fyg;gpd;
,opthf ,dk; fhl; b aJ. ,e; j pa goq; F bfshd mRuHfs;
(,uhl;rjHfs;) kPjhd ghHg;gdpag; nghUshjhur; rhjp Mjpf;fj;ijg;
gp. ,uahfud;
123
ghJfhf;f> fyg;Gj; jpUkzj;Jf;F vjpuhd Fuyhfr; rhjpaKk;

Mzhjpf;fKk; NrHe;J tsHr;rp ngw;wij ,J fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
Mdhy;> jho;e;j rhjpfspy; rKjhaj;jpd; caHe;j mwpthspfs;
cUthd NghJ> ghHg;gdHfs; mijg; ghHg;gd - #j;jpuf; fyg;gpd;
%yk; Vw;gl;l mwpT vd;W fijfis cUthf;fpdH. ~~vOj;jr;rd;>
fz;zr;r gzpf;fh Nghd;w #j;jpur; rhjp ftpQHfisg; ghHg;gdpaf;
fyg;gpd; tpisthf||11 mwpitg; ngw;wdH vd;W $wpNa> #j;jpuHfspd;
fy;tpia> jpwikiaf; nfhr;irg;gLj;jp Gjpa mlf;FKiwiaf;
ifahz;ldH.
mNjNeuk; ngz;zpd; xOf;fj;ijg; Ngz elj;ij tpjpfs;
r%fj;Jf;F Kd;itf;fg;gl;ld. kD 9.4 ,y;> ~~chpa fhyj;jpy; jd;
ngz;zpw;F kzk; Kbf;fhj je;ij fz;bf;fg;gl Ntz;batH.|| 13
kD 9.88 ,y; > ~~chpa taij milahtpl; l hYk; mjhtJ
gUtkilahtpl; lhYk; je; i j jd; kfis tpjpKiwfSf; N fw; g
rkkhd rhjpiar; NrHe;j rpwg;ghd xUthplk; xg;gilf;f Ntz;Lk;||13
vd;W ngz;fspd; chpikia> Raj;ijg; ghypay; Rje;jpuj;jpy; ,Ue;J
gwpj;jjd; %yk;> Mz; top Mzhjpf;fr; rhjp xOq;F nrhj;JhpikAk;
,Wf;fkhf;fg;gl;lJ. ngz;zpd; Rje;jpukhd ghypay; NjHTk;> <LghLk;
ghHg;gdpa Mz;top r%fj;ij> rhjpaj;ij> jdpr;nrhj;Jhpikia
vjpHg;gjhf ,Ue;jJ. ,jd; flikia xOq;FgLj;j je;ijf;Ff;
flikahf; f paJld; > rpWtaJf; Foe; i jj; jpUkzk; NtW
GFj;jg;gl;ljd; %yk; Mzhjpf;f xOf;fk; Ngzg;gl;lJ.. ,ijr;
nra;ahj je;ij fz;ldj;Jf;F chpatuhdhH. ,d;W ,e;jpah ,yq;if
r%fq; f spy; ,it eP b g; g ijAk; ,jpy;; ,Ue; N j ehk; Ghpe; J
nfhs;sKbAk;.
,ij mKy;gLj;j rpWkpapd; jpUkzj;ij kD
tpjpe;Jiuf;fpd;whH. kD 9.94 ,y;> ~~Kg;gJ taJs;s MZf;F 12
taJs;s ngz;izAk; 24 taJs;std; 8 taJs;s ngz;izAk;
kzk; Kbf;fyhk;||13 vd;wjd; %yk;; ngz; Foe;ijapd; rpWtaJf;
fy; t p kWf; f g; g l; L > mts; mwpT fztDf; F cl; g l; l jhfTk; >
nghJmwpT rhjpf;F cl;gl;ljhfTk; epiwT nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,jd;
%yk; ngz; z pd; mwpT> Ra Mw; w y; > gue; j r%f mwpT
Klf;fg;gl;lJ. ,J mwptw;w ,ae;jpuj;jdj;jpy; ,Ue;J fztDf;F
tpRthrkhf> rhjpf;F tpRthrkhfr; Nritnra;af; NfhhpaJ. ngz;zpd;
Rakhd ghypay; NjHT> <LghL vd;gJ rpWtajpNyNa eykbf;fg;gl;l
epiyapy;> ngz; fztDf;Fg; gad;ghl;Lg; nghUshfg; gz;lkhf;fg
;gl;lhs;.
124
gp. ,uahfud;
,e; j r; rpWtaJ jpUkzq; f s; rpWtaJ tpjitfis

mguhjkhf cw; g j; j p nra; j J. mj; J kP w pa Mzpd; ghypay;
Ntl;iff;Fg; gypahd ngz;> kuzj;jpd; vy;iyapy; Cryhbdhs;.
mj; J ld; rpWtaJf; Foe; i jfs; rpWtaJ jpUkzj; j hy;
fh; g ; g khtjhy; ngz; z pd; ,wg; i g tpiuTgLj; j paJ. tP l ; L f; F s;
milf;fg;gl;l ngz; rhjpf;flikf;Fs;shd kUj;Jtj;ij kl;Lk;
ngwf; Nfhhpa epiyapy; > Foe; i j gpwg; G vd; g J ngz; z pd;
,wg;ghfpaJ.
,J xUGwk; epfo; f pd; w NghJ> taJ ,ilntspapdhy;
fztdpd; ,wg;G kidtpapd; ,wg;igtpl mjpfkhdjhf ,Ue;jJ.
,jdhy; ngz; tpjitfspd; ; vz; z pf; i f mjpfhpj; j J. ,e; j
tpjitfs; ghHg;gdpa xOf;f> Mzhjpf;ff; Nfhl;ghl;ilr; rpijj;jJ.
ngz;zpd; guhkhpg;G my;yJ mtspd; tho;f;iff;fhd nghUshjhuk;
vd; g J> Mz; t opr; nrhj; J hpikia kw; W k; xUjhu kzj; i jf;
Nfs;tpf;Fs;shf;fpaJ. ,jdhy; ngz; Fwpj;j fztdpd; Mz;kuigj;
jhz;b> kWkzk; nra;jy; jtpHf;f Kbahj tpjpahfpaJ. ,it
ghHg;gdpa xOf;fj;jpd; Mzhjpf;f topiaf; Nfs;tpf;Fs;shf;fpaJ.
Fwpj;j xU ngz; kPjhd Mzpd; Mjpf;fk; tYtpoe;jJ.
vdNt> ngz; kPjhd kWkzj;jil Vw;gLj;Jtijg; ghHg;gdpa
kDjHkk; jdJ Mzhjpf;f topapy; epiwT nra;jJ. ,ijr; nra;a
ngz; i z MirfspYk; > cyf EfHtpYk; ,Ue; J mfw; W tJ
mtrpakhfpaJ. ,jdhy; nts;is Mil mzptJ> nkhl;ilabj;jy;>
Rgfhhpaj;jpy; <Lgl jil> jPl;L nfhz;l ngz;> ey;y tplaj;Jf;F
Mfhj ngz;.... Nghd;w gy tpjpfs; ,d;W tiu r%f tpjpahf
cs;sJ. ,ijNa md;W kD 5.157 ,y; ~~tpjitahdts; mts;
jd; nrhe;j tpUg;gj;NjhL fha;> fdp> fpoq;F Kjypatw;iw cz;L>
jd; cliy ,isf;fr; nra;aNtz;Lk;. jd; fztd; ,we;j gpd;dhy;
NtnwhU Mltdpd; ngaiuf;$l cr;rhpf;f mtis mDkjpf;f
$lhJ.||13 kD 5.161 ,y;> ~~Foe;ijfisg; ngw Ntz;Lk; vd;w
tpUg; g j; j py; kWkzk; nra; J nfhs; S k; xUngz; jd; ,we; j
fztid mtkjpg; g NjhL jdf; F j; jhNd ,opitAk; Njbf;
nfhs;fpwhs;. mts; nrhHf;fj;jpypUe;J tpyf;fp itf;fg;gLths;||13
vd;w xOq;fpy; ngz; kPjhd fl;Lg;ghL Mzhjpf;ff; fztd; topapy;
jP H khdkhfpaJ. fztdpd; nrhj; j hf> gz; l khfg; ghtpf; f g; g l; l
ngz;Zf;Ff; fztdpd; gpd;dhd Rakhd tho;f;ifAk; $l mHj;jk;
mw;wjhf;fg;gl;lJ. khwhf> fztdpd; nrhj;jhd kidtp> kfdpd;
gp. ,uahfud;
125
nrhj;jhf;fg;gl;lhs;. je;ij fztDf;F tpw;wjd; %yk;> mjhtJ

jhdkhfg; nghUSld; nfhLj; j jd; %yk; > fztd; ghypaiy
mDgtpf; f Tk; > gps; i s ngwTk; > jdf; F r; Nrit nra; a Tk;
cUthf;fpa nghk;ikapd; chpikahsH ,we;jhy;> me;jg; ngz;
kfdpd; nrhj;jhf> kfDf;Fr; Nrit nra;gtshf khw;wg;gl;lhs;.
ngz;iz czHr;rp mw;w kuf;fl;ilahf khw;wpa NghJ>
ngz; z pd; RatpUg; g j; j py; czT tifiag; gad; g Lj; J tij
kDjHkk; NfhhpaJ. ,J ,d;Wk; ngz;fs; RatpUg;gj;jpy; tpujq;fs;>
kuf;fwp czTfis
cz;gJk;> mjw;fhfg; NghuhLtJk; ,jpy;
,Ue;Nj fhzKbfpd;wJ. mNj Neuk; NtnwhU Mzpd; ngaiu
cr;rhpg;gijj; jpl;ltl;lkhfj; jil nra;jdH. kjj;jpd; Clhd
Mjpf;fk; tpjitg; ngz;zpd; xOf;fj;ijf; NfhhpaJld;> czHr;rpia
mlf; f f; NfhhpaJ. ,e; j j; jil ngz; z pd; Rag; nghUshjhu
Mjhuj;ij mw;wjhf;fpaJ. thotopaw;w ngz;fis> ,e;jg; ghHg;gdpa
xOf; f j; J f; F l; g l; L czHr; r piaf; fl; L g; g Lj; j g; g l Kbahj
ngz;fis> tpgr;rhuj;jpYk; fs;s cwtpYk; <Lgl ghHg;gdpa xOf;fk;
epHg;ge;jpj;jJ. ,ij kDTf;Fg; gpe;jpa ghHg;gdpak; jLf;f> fz;l
topjhd; cld; fl;il VWjy; MFk;. ,e;j cld; fl;ilf;F Ke;jpa
fhyj;jpy;> kDTf;Fg; gpe;jpa tuyhw;wpy; tpjitfspd; xOf;fk;
gw;wpa epiwa fl;Lg;ghLfs; cUthf;fg;gl;ld.
kDitg; Nghy; Gfo; ngw;w af;Qty;fpaH (fp.gp. 150-200 ,y;)
vOjpaijg; ghHg;Nghk;. ~~fztidg; gphpe;j ngz; je;ij> kfd;>
rNfhjud; > khkpahH my; y J jdJ khkh MfpNahiug; gphpe; J
thof;$lhJ. mt;thW ,y;iynadpy; jz;lidf;F cs;shths;|| 13
vd; w jd; %yk; Mzhjpf; f tpjpia kWj; J ngz; f s; tho
Kw;gl;lijAk;> NghuhbaijAk;> r%fj; jz;lid toq;fg;gl;lijAk;
fhzKbfpd; w J. je; i j> fztd; > kfd; Nghd; w Mzhjpf; f r;
rpiwf;Fs;> mij epiwT nra;af; $ba rpiwahd rNfhjud;> khkh>
khkp vd; W tphpe; j jsj; j py; tpjitj; j dj; i j mKy; g Lj; j
mjpfhuj;ij toq;Ffpd;wdH. ,e;j ,lj;jpy; khkp mjpfhuj;ijg;
ngz;%yNk Mzhjpf;fk; cUthf;fp tYg;ngWfpd;wJ. kfdpd; kPJ
ngw;Wf; nfhz;l chpikiaAk;> fztdpd; kPjhd chpikiaAk;
xU ngz; %yk; khw;wp mikj;j ghj;jpuk; jhd; khkpahH MFk;.
jhd; mDgtpj;j nfhûj;ij> kPs xU ngz;Zf;Fr; nra;tpj;J
,d;gk; fhZk; Mzhjpf;f mjpfhu tbtj;jpd; gpujpgypg;Gjhd; khkpahH
nfhLikahFk;. ,q;F Mzpd; Rik kfDila md;gpd; topapy;>
126
gp. ,uahfud;
Mjpf;fj;jpd; topapy; muq;NfWfpd;wJ. ghlrhiy uhf;fpq; tbtpy;

vjpHj; jd;ik ngw;W mjpfhutbtpy;> xU FLk;gf; fl;liktpy;
ntspg;gLfpd;wJ. ,q;F ,uf;fk; vd;gJ Vw;glhj tifapy; ,J
gz;ghL> fyhr;rhu chpik tifapdkhf Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ.
ngz;zpd; tpjitj;jdk; mj;J kPwyhf kDTf;Fg; gpe;jpa
tuyhw;wpy; njhlHe;jjhy; jz;lid nfhLf;fg;gl;lij af;Qty;fpahpd;
$w;W njspthf;Ffpd;wJ. ,jw;Fg; gpe;jpa kpjf;rhuh vd;w tphpTiuia
vOjpa tpf;Nd];tuH (fp.gp 1070-1100 ,y;) ~~,J (rjp) fd;dp tho;f;if
tho;tjw;F khw;W topahFk;.||13 ,ij mtH typAWj;jp ~~mtUf;Fg;
(fztDf;F) gpwF rpijapy; tPo;j;Jtjpy; nghpa ed;ik ,Uf;fpwJ||13
vd; w jd; %yk; ngz; z pd; ghypay; xOf; f j; i jg; ghJfhf; f
khw;Wtopfis Mzhjpf;fg; ghHg;gdpak; mKy;gLj;jpaJ. ,ijj;
jhz;l ngz;Zf;F chpikapy;iy. mjhtJ tpthfuj;J Kjy;
fztdpd; kuzj;jpd; gpd; $l ngz; Rakhf thoKbahJ. ,ijg;
ghJfhf; f ngz; z pd; fl; l ha tpjitf; NfhyKk; nfhûkhd
fz;fhzpg;Gk; ifahsg;gLfpd;wJ.
,jpy; Vw;gl;l ngz;zpd; mjpUg;jpfs; xOf;f kPwy;fshf
ntspg;gl;l NghJ> ,jw;Fg; ghHg;gdpak; fz;l top ngz;izf;
fztdpd; rpijapy; vhpA+l;LtNj. MZf;F ,it tpjptpyf;fhf
,Ue;jd. Mizg; gpd;dhy; Kd;GNghy; gyjhu kzj;jpy; tho
mDkjpf;Fk; ghHg;gdpaj; jHkk;> ngz;fis ehiatpl Nkhrkhfj;
jho;j;jp Mzhjpf;fj;ij epiyepWj;jpaJ.
kDjh;k xOf;fq;fis kPWk;NghJ fLikahd mlf;FKiwfs;
ifahsg;gl;lJ. ,jpy; Mz; - ngz; NtWghl;ilf; fhl;ltpy;iy.
Mdhy;> Mz; - ngz;Zf;F tpjpf;fg;gl;l xOq;ifAk;> rhjpf;F
tpjpf; f g; g l; l xOq; i fAk; me; j e; j r; rYiffSld; jP t pukhff;
filg;gpbf;f td;Kiw ifahsg;gl;lJ. ,J kl;Lk; jhd; kDjHkj;jpd;
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gp. ,uahfud;
127
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ntspf; fz;fhzpg;G nfhz;l ngz; vd ,U jsj;jpYk; jz;lid
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jz;lid vd;gJ> ngz; xU Mizr; rhjp fle;J tpUk;Gk;NghJ
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128
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nfhz;lJ.
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gp. ,uahfud;
129
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130
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gp. ,uahfud;
131
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132
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133
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mbikj;jdj;Jf;F vjpuhd Nghuhl;lj;ijr; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,e;j
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GJg;gpf;fg;gl;l epiyapy; ngz; topr; r%fk; Mzhjpf;fr; r%fkhf
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fhl;Lfpd;wd.
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itrpaHfs;> #j;jpuHfs; nfhLg;gjd; %yk; Nkhl;rj;ij> Gz;zpaj;ij>
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2.Fjpiu> 3.jpyh> 4.ehfk;> 5.mbikg; ngz;> 6.,ujk;> 7.epyk;> 8.tPL>
9.kfs;> 10.gR||27 vd;W NfhUtjpy;> kfSk;> mbikg; ngz;Zk;
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jUfpd; w J. ,d; i wa rlq; F fs; mjd; njhlHr; r pahf ,Ug; g J
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$l ghHg;gdHfspd; chpik topahfj; njhlUk; xU rlq;Fjhd;.
ngz;iz mbikahfNt ,e;J kjk; fUJfpd;wJ. ~~caH
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nfhy;yNtz;Lk;||27 vd;W kDePjp 374> 375 Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. mNjNeuk;
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je;ijapd; rhjpf;F VO jiyKiwf;Fg; gpd; caHj;jg;gl KbAk;
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,e; J kjk; ngz; f s; Nky; Fwpg; g pl; l rpy td; K iwfisf;
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134
gp. ,uahfud;
Njtjhrp gpujh vd;w rlq;fpd; %yk; flTSf;Fg; ngz;fisj;

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cUthf;fpaJ.
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Vw itf; f g; g l; l hs; . ngz; kWj; j NghJ gyhj; f hukhfj; js; s p
vhpa+l;bdH.
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gypnfhLj;jdH.
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Njtijf;Fg; gyp nfhLj;jdH.
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Foe; i jfisf; nfhd; w dH. ,J Nghd; W fhyj; j hy; mope; J k; >
mopahjJkhd gy E}W fhl;Lkpuhz;br; rlq;Ffs;> 2000 tpujq;fs;>
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cs;sJ.
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kidtpaha; ,Uf;fpd;wha;. ehd; cd; fztdhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;Nwd;;||10
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,opTf;Fs;shf;Ffpd;wJ. ngz; Mzpd; fuj;ijg; gpbj;jpUf;ftpy;iy>
MNz gpbj;jpUg;gjd; %yk; ngz; XbtplhJ rpiwg;gpbg;gijNa
fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
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,e;J kjr; rptpy; rl;lj;ij ,e;J kf;fs; kPJ jpzpj;J ghrprf;
fhl;Lkpuhz;bj;jdj;ij mKy; nra;aj; Jbf;fpd;wdH. ,e;j ,e;Jr;
rl;lk; vd;gJ ghHg;gdpaj;jpd; Mjhukhd kDtpd; rl;lNk. ,e;j
kDtpd;
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ngz;iz
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Nfhl;ghLfis NkNy Muha;e;Js;Nsd;> ghHf;f.
gp. ,uahfud;
135
ngz;fs; Fwpj;J ,e;J rkaj;jpd; gy;NtW ,yf;fpaq;fs;>

tuyhWfs;> kj Mtzq;fs;.... vg;gb mbikg;gLj;jp ,opTgLj;jpd
vd;gijj; njhlh;e;J Muha;Nthk;.
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mth;fs; ek;gj;jfhjtHfs;|| 32 vd;w $w;wpd; gpd; ngz;fs; gw;wpa
Mzhjpf; f j; j pd; epiy ,d; W tiu khwptpltpy; i y. ngz; f s;
cWjpaw;wth;fs;> NeHikaw;wtHfs; vd;w gopg;Giu Mzhjpf;fj;jpd;
mjpfhuj; jpkpuhFk;. ngz;fisr; r%fj;jpy; ,Ue;J eRf;f> mtHfs;
r%f ,af; f j; j py; gq; F nfhs; t ijj; jLf; f ,e; j epge; j id
mbg;gilahdjhfpd;wJ. ngz; gbg;gbahf Mzhjpf;fg; gz;ghl;L
tbtkhf khw;wg;gl;lhs;. njhlHe;J hpf; Ntjk; 10.95.10 ,y;> ~~ngz;fs;
el;G ePbj;jjy;y> mtHfs; fOijg; Gypapd; jd;ikAilatHfs;||32
vd;w $w;W ngz;fs; xd;W Nrh;eJ
; tho Kbahj jdpkdpj thjq;fspd;
ikak; vd;fpwJ hpf;Ntjk;. Mz;fspd; jdpr; nrhj;JhpikAk;> mjdhy;
Vw;gl;l jdpikapd; ikathjj;ijAk; jpUg;gp ngz;fs; kPJ ms;sp
tPrp tpLtNj ,it. mj;Jld; fOijg;Gyp vd;wjd; %yk; Mz;fisg;
Gypahf cUtfkhf;fpajd; %yk; ngz;fs; ,opTgLj;jg;gLfpd;wdH.
ngz;fspd; xd;W NrHe;j nray; kw;Wk; mtHfspd; Nghuhl;lk;
Nghd;wtw;iw kWf;f> mij el;Gf;Fg; gq;fkhdjd; FwpaPlhfTk;>
mNjNeuk; mit fOijg;Gypf;F xj;jjhfTk; fhl;br; rpWikg;gLj;jpa
Mzhjpf;fj;jpd; nfhr;irj;jdq;fs;jhd; ,it.
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kidtpfisf; nfhLg;gtd;>|| 5.31.3 ,y;> ~~,e;jpuh! cd;id tpl
Nkyhdtd; NtW ahUkpy; i y> Vnddpy; kidtpapy; y hjtUf; F
kidtpfis - fhjy; fpoj;jpfisj; jUfpwha;||32 vd;W ,e;jpud;
vd;w ghHg;ghid tzq;Fk; ,e;j tpjpapy; ngz; xU nghUshf
Mz; ,dk; fhz;gijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,e;J kjj;jpy; ngz;izf;
Fwpj;Jf; fhl;Lk; nghUs; gw;wpa kjpg;gPl;Lf;F vjpuhd Nghuhl;lkpd;wp
ngz; tpLjiyaila KbahJ. nghUl;fisg;gw;wp kdpj kjpg;gPl;il
khw;whJ> ngz; vd;w nghUisg; gw;wpa kdpjr; nraw;ghl;ilAk;
khw;wKbahJ.
mj;Jld; ,e;Jr; #j;jpuk; ngz;iz Mzpd; Nghfj;Jf;Fhpa
gilg;ghf ,e;jpud; gilj;jhd; vd;W $Wtjd; %yk; ngz; ghypay;
gz;lkhfpd;whs;. mj;Jld; Aj;jq;fspy; ntd;W tUk; tPuDf;Fg;
ngz;fs; ghprspf;fg;gl;lJld;> ngz;fs; gyhj;fhukhf mtHfspd;
136
gp. ,uahfud;
FLk;gj;jpy; ,Ue;j kw;iwa nghUl;fSld; NrHj;J #iwahlg;gl;lhs;.

,jw;F Ntjq;fspy; epiwaNt Mjhuq;fs; cs;sd. ,q;Fk; ngz;
gz;lj;Jld; gz;lkhff; ftuTk;> fw;gopf;fTk; ,Ue;j chpikia
,e;J kjk; mq;fPfhpj;jJ. ngz; xU capUs;s kDrp vd;gij
kWj; j ,e; J Mzhjpf; f k; > ngz; f spd; czHTfis vd; W k;
kjpj;jjpy;iy> kjpf;fg; NghtJkpy;iy.
NghH tPuHfspd; ntw;wpiag; giwrhw;w hpf;Ntjj;jpy; 8.48.88
,y;> ~~];jphPfs; myq;fhuk; nra;ag;gl;L ntw;wp tPuHfs; jq;fpapUf;Fk;
KfhKf; F mioj; J r; nry; y g; g LthHfs; | | 32 vd; W $Wk; N ghNj
Aj;jj;jpd; MHtj;ij> nfhLikia vkf;Ff; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,d;W
cyF vq;Fk; Aj;jj;jpy; ngz;fs; #iwahlg;gLtJk;> Aj;jj;jpd;
Kd; D k; gpd; D k; ngz; f is Mz; f Sf; F tpepNahfpg; g Jk;
fhzKbfpd;wJ. rpq;fs ,dntwp muR ,dthj ,uhZtj;Jf;F
vy;iyg;Gw ngz;fisAk;> Viog;ngz;fisAk; tpgr;rhu thliff;
$ypfshf khw; w pg; gzpGhpaitj; j ij vy; y h vy; i yg; GwKk;
fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
Aj;jj;jpy; ngz;fs; gfilf;fhahfTk;> mts; #iwahlg;glTk;
$baepiyapy; jhd; Aj;jj;ij xLf;Fk; th;f;fk; fl;baikf;fpd;wJ.
ngz;fs; Aj;jj;jpy; Cf;fj;ijf; nfhLf;f $ba gz;lkhfpd;wdH.
mNjNeuk; mg;ngz;fis Mf;fpukpg;ghsd; fw;gopf;Fk; chpikia
NtW RtPfhpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;whd;. ,jw;Fg; ngz;fs; vjpHg;gJ vd;gJ
r%fj;Jf;F vjpuhd Fw;wkhff; fhl;lg;gl;lJ. ngz;fspd; czHTfs;>
chpikfis xt;nthU Aj;j Mf;fpukpg;Gk; NkYk; mlf;fpajhfNt
tuyhW fhl;Lfpd;wJ. xt;nthU tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lKk; ngz;izr;
rpyNeuj;jpy; tpLtpj;Jk;> rpyNeuj;jpy; Nkhrkhd mlf;FKiwiaAk;
$l ifahz;Ls;sJ. tpLjiy vd;gJ mjd; ,yl;rpaj;jpd; topapy;
kf;fspd; mzpjpul;lYf;F cl;gl;ljhf vy;iyg;gLj;jpaJ.
ngz;fis Mz;fspd; nrhj;jhff; fUjpa Mzhjpf;f hpf;Ntjk;
mij vg;gb ngz;fs; kPJ mlf;fp Mz;lJld;> mij ehl;bd;
ghJfhg;Gld; ctikahf;fpdH vdg; ghHg;Nghk;;. hpf;Ntjk; 7.2.63
,y; > ~~nghJthd fztd; xUtd; jd; fhjy; fpoj; j pfis
itj;jpUg;gJNghy;> jhd; ifg;gw;wpa Nfhl;ilfisg; gj;jpukhf
itj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.||32 ,NjNghy; ju;kePjp vd;w E}iy vOjpa
af;Qty;fpaH ngz; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLtijg; ghHg;Nghk;. ~~cilikfspy;
xd;whd ngz;fis kdpjd; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;;.||32 ~~%d;W nghUl;fis
gp. ,uahfud;
137
mjhtJ nry; t j; i j> G]; j fq; f is> ngz; f is NtnwhUtd;

Mjpf; f j; j py; tpl; L itf; f hNj|| 32 vd; W ngz; i z Mzpd;
cilikahf;fp mij epahag;gLj;jpa mlf;FKiwiaf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
nghUs; > fy; t p> ngz; NtWghL ,d; w p nrhj; j hf kjpg; g pLk;
jdpr; n rhj; J hpik ngz; i z kDrpahf kjpj; j jpy; i y. ngz;
nry; t q; f spy; xd; w hf khw; w paijAk; > mts; Mzpd; jdpr;
nrhj;Jhpikapd; xU mq;fkhf ,Uf;f epHge;jpj;jJk;> ngz;iz
mlf;fp Mshff; $ba xU tPl;L ehahf tsHf;f Mz; fw;Wf;
nfhs;Sk; chpikia epahag;gLj;JtNj> ,e;J xOf;fE}y;fs; kw;Wk;
kj E}y; tpsf;fq;fs;.
,ij NkYk; Muha;Nthk;;. gP\;kH> ~~Ntj rh];jphp fl;lisg;gb
GU\Hfs; jq;fs; kidtpfis> G+HtPfg; Gz;zpaj;jpdhNyh my;yJ
nja;tr; rq;fw;gj;jhNyh jhdile;j nghUshfNt fUj Ntz;Lk;.||32
Mz; milAk; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikapy; ngz; xU mq;fk; jhd;
vd;gijj; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpik tsHe;J te;j fhyj;jpy;
vLj;jpak;gg;gl;lJ. mj;Jld; ngz;izr; r%fj;jpd; Kd;khjphpahd
khpahijf; F hpatshff; fUjpa r%fj; i j khw; w ,t; t pjpfs; >
nfhs;iffs;> tpsf;fq;fs; mtrpakhfpaij NtW ,J epWTfpd;wJ.
rKjhak; ,jw;Fg; Gwk;ghd topapy; ,Ue;J te;jijAk;> ,jw;Fg;
Gwk;ghd Nghuhl;lj;ijAk; nfhz;L ,Ue;j kdpj tuyhw;wpy; ngz;
kPjhd mlf;fKiwiag; Guhzq;fs; %yk;> kjk; %yk; mlf;fp
Mz;l tuyhw;iw ,it fhl;Lfpd;wd.
mj; J ld; ngz; z pd; ,lj; i j milahsk; fhl; b a kjf;
Nfhl;ghl;lhsHfs;> mtSf;fhd flikahf mbikNtiy> mjd;
flik> r%fj;jpy; mtspd; epiy gw;wp Fwpg;gpLtijg; ghHg;Nghk;.
mjHtd Ntjk; 14.1.52 ,y;> ~~NkYk; mts; (fztdhy;) mtDila
Ngh\;ah my;yJ mbik fPo;g;gl;lts; vd;W miof;fg;gl;lts;.|| 32
~~cgepljj;jpy; kdpjDf;F ,d;gj;ij mspf;fNt> fhkNtl;ifiaj;
jzpf;fNt ngz;fs; gpwe;jpUf;fpwhHfs;.||32 ~~kdpjd; jdf;F cjtpf;fhf
ePz;l ehs; f\;lg;gl;lhd;. filrpahfj; jd;Dila ,r;irfisg;
G+Hj;jp nra;af;$ba> jdf;F vy;yh ,d;;gj;ijAk; juf;$ba xd;iw
kidtp vd;w cUtj;jpy; ngw;whd;.||32 ngz; Nghfj;jpd; ,lkhfTk;>
kdpjDf;Fg; gilf;fg;gl;l nghUshfTk; fUJk; ghHg;gdpa ,e;J
jHkk; ngz;iz kDrpahfNt kjpf;ftpy;iy. Mzpd; cjtpahshfg;
ngz;iz epiyepWj;jp> Mzpd; f\;lj;ijg; Nghf;Fk; xd;whfNt
138
gp. ,uahfud;
kidtp cUtj; j py; Mz; ngw; w hd; vd; w tpsf; f k; Mzpd;

Nkd;ikiag; Nghw;wpg; ngz;izr; rpWikg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. VNjh
Mz;jhd; r%fj;ijf; fl;baikj;jjhfTk;> ngz; mjw;F ,ilapy;
te;J cjtpajhfTk; $Wtjd; %yk; ngz;zpd; ciog;G kw;Wk;
fz;Lgpbg;ig kWg;gjpy;jhd; Mzhjpf;fk; jdJ fpWf;Fj;jdj;ij
epWtpaJ. ngz;iz mbikahf tpsf;fpa mNjNeuk;> Foe;ij
ngWk; ,ae; j pukhf> mjpfhug+Ht kidtpapd; Ntiyf; f hhpahf>
mjpfhug+Htkw;w kidtpahf;fg;gl;lhs;. Mzpd; fhkj;ijj; jzpf;Fk;
xU ClfkhfNt fUjpa ,e;Jg; ghh;g;gdpak; ngz;zpd; fhkj;ij
,l;Lk;> mth;fspd; czHr;rpiaapl;Lk; ftiyg;gltpy;iy. khwhfg;
ngz; z pd; fhk czHr; r pia kWj; J ngz; i z kdhP j pahf
kdNehahspahf;fpdH. ,e;j kdNehahsHfspd; mj;J kPwy;fisj;
jLf;f ngz; kPjhd ,Uk;Gg; gpbapyhd Mzhjpf;f xOf;fk;> rl;lk;
ngz;izf; FjwpaJ. mj;Jld; ngz;izf; nfhr;irg;gLj;jpaJ.
mijg; ghHg;Nghk;;.
kfhghujk; mD\hdk; 28>12>25>29 ,y;> ~~ngz;zha;g; gpwg;gij
tpl nfl;lgpwg;G NtW vJTkpy;iy. - vy;yh NfLfSf;Fk; NtH
ngz;fNs! - vt;tsT tpwfpdhYk; neUg;G jpUg;jp miltjpy;iy.
MWfs; nfhz; L tUk; ve; j msT eP h pdhYk; flYf; F Mir
jPUtjpy;iy. vt;tsT gpuhzpfisf; nfhd;whYk; nfhiyfhud;
rkhjhdk; miltjpy;iy. ,JNghy; ngz;fs; vt;tsT Mz;fshYk;
jpUg;jpaile;J tplkhl;lhHfs;. - ehr fhyd;> Copf;fhw;W> ghjhsf;
flTshfpa vkd;> ,iltplhky; neUg;igf; ff;Ffpd;w mf;fpdp>
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Mfpaitfs; xd; W NrHe; j hy; vj; j id Nfl; i l tpistpf; f f;
$bajhFNkh mj;jd;ik cilatHfs; ngz;fs;||32 vd;W kfhghujk;
ngz;fs; gw;wpf; $Wfpd;wJ.
ngz;fspd; gpwg;ig xU Nftykhd gilg;ghff; fhl;Lk;
Mzhjpf;fk; r%fj;jpd; midj;Jf; NfLfSf;Fk; ngz;izf; Fw;wk;
rhl;Lfpd;wJ. jdpr; nrhj;Jhpik tbtpy; kdpjHfspd; tho;f;ifiaj;
jdpkdpjHfspd; eydpy; ,Ue; J rpyUf; f hf khw; w paNghJjhd;
Mzhjpf;fk; r%fj;jpd; NfLfSf;fhd %ykhfpaJ. ngz;fspd;
jha;top chpikiaj; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikapd; tsHr;rpapy; gbg;gbahfg;
gwpj;njLj;j Mzhjpf;fk;> ngz;iz ,opepiyf;Fj; js;spaJld;>
mij epue; j ukhf; f g; ngz; z pd; gpwg; G Kjy; midj; i jAk;
gp. ,uahfud;
139
Nftyg; g Lj; j pAs; s J. ngz; f spd; ghypay; Njitiag; g+Hj; j p

nra;ahj Mzhjpf;fj;jpd; Raj;jpUg;jp Nghf;fhy;> ngz; mjpHTw;W
mj; J kP w p ghypay; G+Hj; j pia mila Kay; t ij Mzhjpf; f k;
nfhûkhd tifapy; ,opTgLj;jg; gpd;epw;ftpy;iy.
mj; J ld; gyjhukzj; j py; ngz; Z f; F ,Ue; j ghypay;
chpikiaf; fl; L g; g Lj; j > ngz; z pd; ghypay; chpikia
xUjhukzj; j py; epiyepWj; j >
ngz; z pd; ghypay; ehl; l j; i j
,opTgLj;Jfpd;wJ. Mz;fspd; mlq;fhj ghypay; Ntl;if> xUtDf;F
xUj;jp vd;w FLk;g vy;iyapd; mj;JkPWk; Mz; gyjhukzj;jpy;
,Ue;jgbNa> xUjhu kzj;ijf; filgpbf;f kWg;gjhfg; ngz;fs;
kPJ Fw;wk;rhl;bf; Nftyg;gLj;Jfpd;wdH. mj;Jld; ngz;fs; gw;wp
vt;tsT Nftykhf ctikg;gLj;jpj; jpl;lKbANkh me;jsTf;F
Mzhjpf;fk; ngz;iz ,opTnra;fpd;wJ. kfhghujk; Nghd;w ,jpfhrf;
fw;gidf; fijfs;
%yk; ngz;fis ,opTgLj;Jk; ghijia
kPsf; fl;baikf;f KaYk; Kaw;rpapy; kjthj murpay; mikg;Gfs;
jPtpukhf ,wq;fpAs;sd. mq;F ngz;fs; gw;wpa ghHit ,ijtpl
Nkyhd epiyapy; ,Ue;J tplg; Nghtjpy;iy. ngz;ngw;w chpikfis
,og;gjw;fhd ghijapy; ,it kPs; cUthf;fk; ngWfpd;wd.
njhlHe;J kfhghujk; mD\d; gHtjk; 39.8 ,y;> ~~mjhtJ
ngz; f spd; mwpT> fz; L gpbf; f Kbahj MokhdJ my; y J
je;jpuKs;sJ.|| 49.22 ,y;> ~~ngz;iz tpl ghtfukhd gpuhzp NtW
,y;iy. ngz; vhpfpd;w neUg;G Nghd;wts;. ngz; kha;if> tQ;rff;
FzKs;sts;. rtuf; fj;jpapd; $Hikahd gjk; Nghd;wts;. ,itfs;
vy;yhk; cz;ikahfNt xU ngz;zpd; jd;ikapy; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
43.23 ,y; > ngz; f s; gaq; f ukhdtHfs; . nfhba rf; j pfis
cilatHfs;;. jq;fSf;Fg; Nghf ,d;gj;ij mspf;fpwtHfsplj;jpy;
jtpu NtW ahiuAk; mtHfs; Nerpf;f khl;lhHfs;> tpUk;g khl;lhHfs;.
43.24 ,y;> capiuf; nfhy;Yk; mjHtd ke;jpuq;fis xj;jtHfs;
ngz; f s; . xUtDld; $b tho xj; J f; n fhz; l hYk; gpd; d H
kw; w th; f Sld; $bf; n fhz; L > Kd; d tid tpl; L g; gphpaTk;
jahuhfTkpUg;ghHfs;. 43.24 ,y;> mth;fs; xU Mizf; nfhz;L
vg;NghJk; jpUg;jpailakhl;lhHfs;. 43.24 ,y;> ~~Mz;fs; mtHfis
Nerkhff; nfhs;sf;$lhJ. mth;fsplk; nghwhikg;glf; $ba ey;y
jd;ik xd;Wkpy;iy. mtHfSld; njhlHG ,y;yhkNy> cz;ik
md;G itf;fhky; Nghfj;Jf;fhf khj;jpuk; Mz;fs; ngz;fspd;
140
gp. ,uahfud;
rk;ge;jj;ij itj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. me;jg;gbf;F ,y;yhky;

NtWtpjkhf xUtd; ngz;zplk; ek;gpf;if itj;Jf; nfhz;lhy;
mtd; epr;rakhf mope;J Nghthd;.||32
ngz;iz Mz; jdJ ghypay; Njitf;Fg; gad;gLj;jf; $ba
XH ,ae;jpuNk vd;W ,e;Jg; ghHg;gdpak; $Wfpd;wJ. ,e;J jHkk;
jdJ jHkj;jpy; ngz;iz [lkhf mZFfpd;wJ. kw;w kpUfj;jpy;
fUiz fhl;LtJNghy; ebf;Fk; ,e;J kjk;> ngz;fs; tplaj;jpy;
fUiziaf; $l Vw; W f; n fhs; s tpy; i y. khwhfg; ngz; i z
,ae;jpukhd Ntiyf;fhhpahff; fhl;LtJk;> Mzpd; xUjiyg;gl;rkhd
ghypay; ,d;gj;Jf;Fg; gad;gLj;jf;$ba cUtkhff; fhz;fpd;wJ.
ngz;zpd; mwpitj; je;jpuj;jpd; rjpahff; fhz;gJk;> mjd; kPjhd
Mzhjpf; f j; J f; F vjpuhd Nghuhl; l j; i j Mokhd je; j pukhff;
fhz;fpd;wJ.
tpal;ehk; kPjhd mnkhpf;fhtpd; Mf;fpukpg;gpd;NghJ tpal;ehk;
kf;fspd; je;jpukhd Aj;jj;ijf; fhl;Lkpuhz;bj;jdkhff; fz;lJNghy;>
Mzhjpf; f j; J f; F vjpuhd ngz; z pd; vjpHg; i g MokhdJk;
je;jpukhdJkhfj; J}w;Wfpd;wJ. mj;Jld; mtis tQ;rfj;jpd;
tbtkhfTk;> ghypaypy; jhd; tpUk;gpatidj; jtpu gpw Mz;fSf;Fr;
Rje;jpukhf tpl;Lf; nfhLf;f kWg;gjhfTk; J}w;Wfpd;wJ. jhd;
tpUk;gpatDld; cld; GzuTk;> Njitnadpd; gphpe;J nry;yTk;
jahuhd Mzhjpf; f j; J f; F vjpuhd ngz; z pd; Nghuhl; l k;
nfhr;irg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jd; %yk;jhd; ,d;iwa mlf;FKiw
Mzhjpf;fk; epiy epWj;jg;gl;lJ. ngz; jhd; Nerpg;gtDld; thoTk;>
Njitnadpd; gphpe;J nrd;w md;iwa tuyhw;wpidf; fhl;Lk; ,e;j
mtJ}w;W Mjhuq;fs;> ngz; fle;j fhyj;jpy; ngz;Zhpikiag;
ngw;W ,Ue;jij epWTfpd;wJ. ,jd; kPjhd mtJ}Wk;> ngz;zpd;
jpUg;jp xU Mzplk; rhj;jpakpy;iy vd;wjd; %yk;> ngz;izf;
nfhr;irg;gLj;jp ngz;iz tpyq;fpl;l Mzhjpf;fNk> jhd; xU
ngz;zplk; jpUg;jpailahJ> gy ngz;fis ehLk; gyjhu kzj;ij
,d;Wtiu tpl;Lf; nfhLj;Jtpltpy;iy. ngz;zplk; vJTk; ,y;iy.
mtHfsplk; fUizapy;iy. mtHfsplk; md;G itj;jy; $lhJ
vd Mz;fis vr;rhpf;Fk; ,e;J jHkq;fs; mij kPWgtd; mope;J
Nghthd; vd;W rhgk; ,l;L> ,jw;F vjpuhf Mz;fis kpul;b>
Mzhjpf;fj;ijg; gzpaitj;J> epWtpaJ.
gp. ,uahfud;
141
kD ,ij 9.15 ,y;> ~~vy;yh kdpjHfSk; flTsHfshf

,Ue;jijf; fz;L NjtHfs; gae;J ghl;ldplk; nrd;whHfs;. ghl;ld;
,tHfs; kdjpYs; s ij mwpe; J > kdpjHfspd; tP o ; r ; r pf; f hfg;
ngz;fisr; rpU\;b nra;jhH. MfNt> ngz;fs; kdpjr; rKjhaj;jpd;
tPo;r;rpf;fhfg; gpwe;jtHfs; vd;W ek;gg;gLfpd;wJ. ngz;fs; cWjpahd
gyk; ,y;yhjtHfshjyhy; mtHfs; epiyaw;w - ];jpukw;wtHfs;
vd;W fUjg;gLfpwJ. ,t;Tyfpy; mtHfis vt;tsT ghJfhg;Gld;
itj; j pUe; j hYk; > mtHfSf; F Mz; f splKs; s MirapdhYk; >
mtHfsJ epiyaw;w jd;ikahYk; ,aw;ifahfNt mtHfSf;F
cs;skpy;yhjjhYk;> jq;fs; fztHfsplk; tpRthrkw;wtHfsha;
,Ug;ghHfs;.||32
vy;NyhUk; kdpjHfshf thoTk;> vy;NyhUk; jkJ Njitf;F
Vw;g tho;tijAk; kWj;j ,e;J jHkk; ngz;iz ,opepiyf;Fj;
js;spaijg; Guhzq;fs; %yk; epahag;gLj;jpdH. NjtHfs; vd;w
ghHg; g dHfs; rhjp tbtj; i j cUthf; f p> mjpy; ngz; f is
,opepiyf; F j; js; s pa> jdpr; n rhj; J hpikapd; gpujpepjpfshd
ghHg;gdHfspd; fditg; ngz;fspd; tPo;r;rpAld; epiwthf;fg;gl;lJ.
ngz;fs; rKjhaj;jpy; caHe;j me;j];jpy; tho;e;jijAk;> mtHfs;
tPPo;r;rpf;fhfg; gpwe;jjhfTk; ghHg;gdpag; GSFfSld; Mzhjpf;fk;
epWtg;gl;lJ. ngz;fspd; tho;T me;j];J gwpf;fg;gl;lijg; Guhz
,yf;fpaq;fs; xj;Jf;nfhs;tij NtW ,J epWTfpd;wJ. ,e;j
tPo;r;rpf;Fg; ngz;fs; gyk; ,y;yhjJ jhd; fhuzk; vd;W tpsf;fk;
$wg;gl;lJ.
kdpjid kdpjd; Ruz;b> cghpia Mz; jpul;lj; njhlq;fpa
NghJ ngz; mq;F gytPdkhd [Ptd; Mf;fg;gl;lhs;. ngz;fs;
tPl;bYk; tptrhaj;jpYk; jq;fpapUf;f> Mz; ngz;iz tpl mjpf
czthf ,iwr;rpia cz;zj; njhlq;fp> ,iwr;rpia Ntl;ilahl
MAjq;fis cUthf;fpaijj; njhlHe;J mtd; capHfs; kPjhd
mopg;Gf; fz;Nzhl;lj;ijg; ngw;wJld;> ngz;iztpl mjpf gyk;
ngw;whd;. Fuq;F kdpjf; Fuq;fhfTk;> gpd;dhy; kdpjdhfTk; khwpte;j
fhyf;fl;lj;jpy;> kdpjd; epiyahf thoj; njhlq;Fk; Kd;G> epyj;jpy;
thoj; Jtq;fpaNghNj tpyq;FfSf;F vjpuhd jw;fhg;G Aj;jk;
mbg;gilahd epge;jidahf ,Ue;jJ. ,e;jj; jw;fhg;gpy; nfhy;yg;gl;l
kpUfq;fs; kdpjdpd; Gjpa czthfpd. ,e;jj; jw;fhg;gpy; gyk;
ngw;wNghJ jhf;Fjy; epiyf;F khwp ,iwr;rp gpujhd czthfpaJ.
142
gp. ,uahfud;
ngz; Foe; i jfspd; jw; f hg; G fUjp> epiyahfj; jq; f p>

ghJfhg;ig cWjp nra;ahjNghJ> ngz;fs; Kf;fpakhd jpUg;gkhfj;
jhtu cw;gj;jpiaf; fz;Lgpbj;jjd; %yk; jhtu czT cz;gJk;
gpujhd tof; F f; F te; j J. jw; f hg; G khwp kpUf Ntl; i lia
czthfTk;> gpd;dhy; tsHr;rpngw;w mopg;Gf; fz;Nzhl;lNk kdpjHfs;
kPJ cghp mbg;gilapy; NkYk; tY ngw;wNghJ> mtd; gyrhypahf
epidf;fj; njhlq;fpa mNjNeuk; r%f mjpfhuj;ijf; ifg;gw;wp
rPuope;jhd;. ngz;; mjpfsT czT jhtuk; rhHe;J ,Ue;;j mNjNeuk;>
tptrha cw; g j; j p kw; W k; rpW tpyq; F f; Fl; b fis tsHj; j y;
Nghd;wtw;why; fUizAk;> ghpTk; nfhz;ltshf ,Ue;jhs;. ,J
Mzpd; mopg;Gf; nfhs;iff;F vjpuhf ,Ue;jjhy;> ,ijg; gytPdkhf
Mzhjpf;fk; tpsf;fpaJ. ,jd; njhlHr;rpapy; czT tifapy;
Vw;gl;l ,uz;L NtWghl;lhy;> cly; gyj;jpy; khw;wk; Vw;gl;lJ.
,e;j ePz;l ghpzhk tsHr;rpapy; cly; $Wfspd; rpy ,ay;Gfs;
jPtpu khw;wk; fz;lJ. ,ijNa Guhz ,e;J jHkk; ngz;zpd;
gytPdkhff; $wp mtis tPo;r;rpapd; ikakhf tpsf;fpaJ.
,d;W cyfpy; gykhd r%fk; vd;gJ etPd MAjq;fs;>
jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikapd; gyk; (nrhj;Js;std;)@ mjpfhuj;jpy; cs;std;
gykhdtdhf ,Ug;gJk;> kf;fs; gytPdkhdtHfshf ,Ug;gJk;
nghJthd kjpg;gPlhFk;;. ,J ehl;Lf;F ehL $l nghUe;Jk;. Mdhy;>
kf;fs; rf;jp mzpjpuz;lhy; ,e;j gyk; vd;gJ nehWq;fp tpLtJ
vjhHj;jkhf cs;sJ. ,Jjhd; Mz; ngz;Zf;fpilapyhd epiyAk;
$l. Mzhjpf;fk; ngz;izg; gytPdkhff; fhl;LtJ vd;gJ jdJ
r%f mjpfhuj;jpy; ,Ue;JjhNd xopa kf;fspd; gyj;jpy; ,Ue;J
my;y.
ngz;fs; kPjhd ghypay; fl;Lg;ghl;il Mz; jdf;Fr; rhHghf
Mzhjpf;fg; gyj;jpy; ,Ue;J ifahSk;NghJ ngz; tQ;rpf;fg;
gLfpd;whs;. tQ;rpf;fg;gl;l ngz; me;j Mzplk; tpRthrkhf elf;f
kWj; J > jdJ czHr; r piar; Rje; j pukhfg; gfpHe; J nfhs; s
Kide; j hy; > Mzhjpf; f k; jd; i dg; ghJfhf; f > mij mtspd;
epiyaw;w jd;ikapd; gytPdkhf ,l;Lf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ. mts; ghypaypy;
mlq;fhg;gplhhp vd;w Nfhl;ghl;il Mzhjpf;fr; #iwahlypd; gpd;
N[hbf;fpd;wJ. mts; Mzhjpf;f mlf;FKiwapd; fPo; xUtdpd;
kidtpahf ,Uf;f kWf;Fk;NghJ> MirAk; epiyaw;w gytPdj;jpd;
tPo;r;rpiaAk; nfhz;lts;> vdNt Mz;fs; mtisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jp
gp. ,uahfud;
143
mlf;fp Ms Ntz;Lk; vd Guhzq;fs; r%fj;Jf;F MNyhrid

toq;fp> mlf;fpaJ.
Mzhjpf; f k; gy kidtpiar; rl; l g; g bAk; > rl; l j; J f; F g;
Gwk;ghfTk; nfhz;L gytPdkhf tho;e;jgb> xUjhu kzj;jpy; gyjhu
kzj;ij Mz; njhlHtJld;> tpgr;rhuj;ij Mjhukhff; nfhz;L
jd;idg; ghJfhj;J epiyepWj;Jfpd;wJ.. ,jw;fhf kjj;jpd; ngahpYk;>
rlq;fpd; ngahpYk;> chpikapd; ngahpYk; ngz;fis ,opepiyf;F
,l;Lr; nrd;W Mz; mDgtpg;gijg; gykhdjhf N[hbj;jJ. Mz;
gy ngz;Zldhd ghypay; cwT nfhs;Sk; elj;ij gykhdjhfTk;>
ngz;zpd; gy MZldhd elj;ij gytPdkhdjhfTk; Mzhjpf;fk;
tpsf;fk; nfhLj;J ngz;iz eRf;fpaJ. Mz; - ngz;Zf;fpilapy;>
xd;Wf;F xd;W Kuz;ghlhd tpsf;fj;ij xNu elj;ijiaf; nfhz;L
tpsf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jd; %yk; Mzpd; elj;ij r%f mq;fPfhuj;Jf;Fk;>
ngz;zpd; elj;ij r%fj; J}w;wYf;Fk; cs;shfpaJ. ,jd; %yk;
ngz; z pd; elj; i j jil nra; a g; g l; l J. Mzpd; elj; i j
epahag;gLj;jg;gl;lJld;> ,d;Wtiu ,JNt Mz; - ngz; Kuz;ghl;bd;
vjpHj; jd; i kapy; nghJg; Nghf; f hfTs; s J. ,jpypUe; J ve; j r;
r%fKk;> ve;j kjKk; tpyfp epd;Wtpltpy;iy.
,ij NkYk; ,uhkhazk; Muz;a fhz;lk; 13.5.6 ,y;> ~~cyfk;
Njhd;WtJ Kjy; ngz;fs; epiyik #J epiwe;jJ. ngz;fs;
jhkiu ,iyapy; jz;zPHNghy; rydg; Gj;jpAilatHfs;. ths;Nghy;
$Hikahd nfhLikj; jd;ikAilatHfs;.||32 ngz; cWjpaw;w
rydj;jd;ik nfhz;lts;. xd;Wf;Fs; epiy epWj;j Kbahjts;>
vdNt> mlf; F q; f s; vd; w ,uhkdpd; Gfo; ghLk; ,uhkhazk;
r%fj;Jf;Ff; fw;Wf; nfhLj;jJ. ,J vjhHj;jj;jpy; ngz;kPjhd
mlf;FKiwahf cs;sJ. Mzhjpf;ff; $w;Wf;fspd; gpd;dhy; ,it
vy;yhk; Mzpd; nghJg;Nghf;fhf ,Uf;f> mijg; ngz;Zf;Fg; G+r;
#l; b aJ Vd; ? mJjhd; ,e; j pag; ngz; f s; jiyapy; G+r;
#l;Lfpd;wdNuh? Mzhjpf;fj; jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik mjpfhuj;jpy; ngz;
Eiotijj; jLf; f Tk; > mij vjpHj; J g; ngz; NghuhLtij
Kwpabf;fTNk ,g;gb ngz;kPJ N[hbj;J moFfhl;Lfpd;wdH.
ngz;zpd; mty epiy fz;L mjw;F vjpuhfg; Nghuhl KaYk;
Mz;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;j> ngz;zpd; Fzk; gw;wpa tpsf;fk; Miz
ke;ijahf;Ffpd;wJ. ngz; Mzpd; Mzhjpf;fj;jpd; kPJ Fw;wQ;rhl;Lk;
NghJ mJ nfhLikahdJ vd;W> Mzhjpf;fg; ghHg;gdpak; vij
144
gp. ,uahfud;
vy; y hk; MZf; F epahag; g Lj; j p ngz; Z f; F f; nfhLikahff;

fhl;baNjh> mNjtopapy; ngz;izf; nfhLikf;fhhpahf;fpaJ. ngz;>
Foe;ijf;Ff; nfhLj;j gpd;Ng kpFjpia cz;Zk; jha;ik czHit>
jdf;Fk; NrHj;J flikahf;fpa Mzhjpf;fk;jhd;> cs;skpy;yhjtHfs;
vd;W ngz;izf; Fw;wk; rhl;Lfpd;wJ. jha;ik czHT Foe;ijf;Fr;
nra;j flikfis> Mzhjpf;fk; jdf;F epge;jidahf;fp> tPl;L
Ntiyf;fhhpahf;fpa gpd;jhd; cs;skpy;yhjts; vd;fpd;wJ. ngz;zpd;
,aw;ifahd ghypay; czHTk;> Foe;ij ngWtijAk; Mzhjpf;fk;
jdJ czHTf;Fk;> nghUshjhu eyDf;Fk; jPdpNghLk; ghypay;
Clfkhf;fpaJ. mj;Jld; Mzpd; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikf;F thhpRfisg;
ngWk; gz;lkhf;fp> mtis MZf;Ff; flik nra;Ak; ngz;zhf;fpa
gpd; G > mtisf; fUizaw; w cs; s kpy; y hjts; vd; f pd; w J.
cz;ikapy; fUiz gw;wpAk;> cs;sk; gw;wpAk; NgRk; mUfij
Mzhjpf; f j; J f; F ,Uf; f KbahJ. ,e; j f; nfhûj; i jr; nra; j
Mzhjpf;fk;> mijg; ngz;Zf;F ,y;iy vd;gJjhd; Mzhjpf;fj;
jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikapd; r%fg; gykhFk;;. r%fg; gyk; nrhj;Jhpikapd;
tbtpy; vg;NghJk; jPHkhdpf;fg;gLtjhy; mijg; ngw;Ws;s Mzhjpf;fg;
gz;ghL r%fkakhfpaJ.
ngz; Mzhjpf;fj;Jld; Kuz;gl;l Nghuhl;lj;jpy; Miztpl
Nkd;ikahd ghj;jpuj;ij> MZf;fhd flikapy; toq;Ftjd; %yk;
ngz;izj; jpUg;jpg;gLj;jTk;> Mzpd; Nehf;fq;fis epiwT nra;tJk;
mtrpakhf ,Ue;jJ. Mzhjpf;fk; ngz;izg; ghypay; gz;lkhfTk;
Mzpd; Rfj;ijg; G+Hj;jp nra;a gilf;fg;gl;ljhfTk; Guhz kw;Wk;
,e;J jHkk; $w;Wfis epiwT nra;a ngz;izg; Gfo;e;jtw;iwg;
ghHg;Nghk;. ,uhkhazj;jpd; gpe;jpafhy tpsf;fq;fspy; ~~ngz;zpd;
Kfq;fs; G+f;fisg; Nghd;witfs;. mtHfspd; nkhopfs; Njd;
Nghd;witfs;. mtHfs; cs;sk; rtuf; fj;jpapd; $Hikiag; Nghy;
nfLjp nra;af;$baJ. mtHfsJ cs;sj;jpd; Moj;ij mwpe;jtH
ahUkpy;iy||32 vd;w tpsf;fq;fs; Mzhjpf;fj;jpd; ghypay; ntw;wpiag;
giwrhw;Wfpd;wJ.
ngz;zpd; Kfk;> nkhop Mzhjpf;fg; ghypay;
fz;Nzhl;lj;Jf;F ,irthf cs;s epiyapy; mij Mzhjpf;fk;
Gfo;fpd;wJ. ghypaypy; <LgLk; Mzpd; NjHTfs; ,e;j vy;iyf;Fs;
miygha;fpd;wd. ,e;j ,uz;Lk; ,y;iy vd;why; mtis muf;fpahf
tUzpf;fj; njhlq;Ffpd;wJ. ngz; jdJ cs;sf; FKwy;fisf;
gp. ,uahfud;
145
nfhl;bj; jPHf;Fk;NghJ> mJ Mzpd; nfhûj;ij mk;gyg;gLj;Jk;

NghJ> Mzpd; fUiz cs;skpy;yhj; jd;ik mk;gyg;gLk;NghJ>
mit Mzhjpf; f j; j pd; ehw; w j; j hy; mk; g yg; g Lk; N ghJ> ,ij
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ,opthd elj;ij nfhz;ljhff; Fwpg;gpl;Lg;
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fztidNah> MizNah epkpHe;J> vjpHj;Jg; Ngrf; $lhJ vd
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itf; F k; g b Mzhjpf; f k; kl; L g; g Lj; j paJ. mtspd; njhlHGfs;
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146
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gp. ,uahfud;
147
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148
gp. ,uahfud;
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,uhkd; nfhd;wpUf;fpwhd;.||132
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mbf;Fk; chpikia toq;fpaJ. mj;Jld; r%fj;Jf;Fj; jPq;F vd;w
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mbikg;gLj;Jjy;> mtJ}Wfs;> td;Kiw Mfpait kPJ Nfs;tp
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nfhLg;gJ ngz; kPjhd Rikahf khwpaJ. vdNt> nrhj;jw;w ngz;
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gp. ,uahfud;
149
Mz;fsplj;jpy; cUthdJ. ,J Fwpj;j ngz;zpd; FLk;gj;ijr;

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ngz;zpd; FLk;gj;ijr; NrHe;j nrhj;ijAk; rPjdk; #iwahbaJ.
,jdhy; ngz;Foe;ij kPjhd Mzpd;
ntWg;ig> Mzhjpf;fg;
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mjHtz Ntjj;jpy; 6-2-3 ,y;> ~~FLk;gj;jpy; ngz; gpwe;jhy;
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Mz; kfT gpwf;fl;Lk;. Gf;fh flTis tzq;Ftjpy; Mz; kfNt
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apy;> ~~ngz; Foe;ijfs; rhf Ntz;batHfs;||32 vd;W nrhj;Jhpik
gwpf;fg;gl;l ngz;iz ,opTgLj;jpa Mzhjpf;f tpsf;fj;jpD}lhf
ntWf;fg;gl;lhs;. Mz; Foe;ij Ntz;b topghLfs; elj;jg;gl;ld.
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fz;Nzhl;lk; ,e;j tuyhw;W top cUthf;fg;gl;litNa. ,it
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rhp> ,jw;F trjpaw;wtHfs; ngz; rpRitg; gpwe;jgpd; nfhy;tJk;
rhp gpwe;j gpd; ngz; Foe;ijia Ntz;lhntWg;ghf tsHg;gJ>
jpl;LtJ> Gwf;fzpg;gJ> xJf;FtJ> nrhe;jf; FLk;gj;jpNyNa ghypay;
td;Kiwf;F cs;shf;FtJ vy;yhk; gioa Mzhjpf;f ,e;J jHk
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nfhiy> ngz;zpd; xJf;fg;gl;l tsHg;G Mfpatw;Wf;F Mjhukhd
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kl;LNk ntw;wpngw KbAk;. ,J midj;Jg; gphpT kf;fs; xw;Wikf;Fk;
150
gp. ,uahfud;
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tf;fpuj;ijg; ngz;fs; kPJ jpzpf;fpd;wJ.
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nfhz;Lte;j NghJk; rhp> Mzhjpf;fj; jpUkz vy;iyf;Fs; ngz;iz
td;Kiwahfr; #iwahba NghJk; rhp> ngz;fspd; ghypay; hPjpahd
mj; J kP w y; f Sf; F k; jz; l idahfNt ngz; f isf; nfhLikg;
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ngz;fNsh my;yJ tpthfr; rk;ge;jkhff; fl;lhag;gLj;jg;gl;ltNsh>
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rhkhd;fisg; NghyNt elj;jNtz;Lk;.||32 Mzhjpf;f xOf;f kPwiy
ntspapy; cs;s Mz;fs; mts; kPJ epfo;j;Jk; NghJ> ngz;zpd;
tho;it NkYk; rPuopthf;fp> rpj;jputijg;gLj;jpf; nfhLikg;gLj;jpaJ.
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jz;lid tpjpf;fg;gl;lJ. mg;ngz; ,Ue;j gz;l kjpg;gpy; NkYk;
juk; jho;j;jp> r%f me;j];J NkYk; Fiwf;fg;gl;L r%fj;jpd;
fiwahf;fg;gl;lhs;. mtisr; r%fj;jpy; ahUk; tpUk;gpaJNghy;
fz;fhzpf;fTk;> Ntiy thq;fTk;> rpwe;j ghypay; ruf;fhfTk;>
mbkl;l Ntiyf;fhhpahfTk; mg;ngz;fisf; fz;fhzpj;J> r%f
xOf; f j; i j tiuaWj; J > rpj; u tij nra; N j Ruz; b aJ. ,jd;
Nghf;Ffs; ,d;Wtiu$l vjhHj;jj;jpy; cs;sijf; fhzKbfpd;wJ.
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(,q;F jpnusgjp ItUf;Fg; nghJ kidtpiaf; $l) #jhl;lj;jpy;
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gujDf; F j; jhd; tfpf; F k; gjtp> kidtp vd midj; i jAk;
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151
<Lgl;bUf;ifapy;> kw;wtHfs; jq;fs; iffisj; jdJ kidtp kPJ

NghLfpd; w dH vd; W NtW $Wfpd; w hH.|| 32 ngz; kpf Nkhrkhf
elj;jg;gl;lhs;. ngz;iz Mz; #jhl;lj;jpy; itf;fj; jilahf
,Ug;gJ mtspd; moF (ghypay; ftHr;rp)> mtspd; md;G (Mzpd;
ghypaiyg; G+Hj;jp nra;Ak; ruf;F)> Njhoik (Mzpd; nrhj;J)>
flik jtwhj Ntiyf;fhhp vd;w Mzpd; eyd; rhHe;j ,yhgk;jhd;.
,itjhd; ngz;izr; #jhl;lj;jpy; itg;gjh? ,y;iyah? vd;w
Nfs;tpia vOg;Gfpd;wd.
flDf;fhfj; jdJ kidtpia tpw;fpd;whd;. kidtp Miz tpw;f

KbAkh vd;why; ,y;iy. kidtpiar; rj;jpaj;jpd; ehafd; tpw;why;
mjpy; rj;jpak; ,Ug;gjpy;iy Mzpd; jdpg;gl;l nrhj;jhfpd;wJ.
nghUisr; #iwahLtJ> gwpg;gJ> Ruz;LtJ> nrhj;J NrHg;gJ
Nghd;wd ,r;rj;jpaj;jpd; Fwpf;Nfhspy; mlq;Fk;. me;jtifapy;
ngz;iz tpw;gJ> thq;FtJ> gz;lkhfr; re;ijapy; tpLtJ vd
vijAk; nra;af; $ba epiy vd;gJ Mzhjpf;fr; rj;jpaj;Jf;Fg;
Gwk;ghditay;y.
#jhl;lj;jpy; mtdpd; nghUs; rhHe;j #iwahLk; ftdk;

ngz;zpd; chpikiag; gzak; itf;fpd;wJ. mjhtJ> kw;w #jhl;l
Mz;fspd; Mzhjpf;fg; ghypay; tf;fpuj;jpy; ngz; kPjhd ftdj;ijj;
jpUg;gTk;> ngz; kPJ ifNghlTk; mDkjpj;J. Mz; #jhl;lj;jpy;
ntw; w piar; rhjpf; f Kidtjd; %yk; > ngz; gzk; jpul; L k;
ruf;fhfpd;whs;. ,jdhy; Mzhjpf;fg; ghHitapy; mofhd ngz;zpd;
ghj;jpuk;> Mzpd; nghUs; <l;lTk; XH Clfkhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
,d;Wtiu midj;J #jhl;lk; kw;Wk; ,J Nghd;wtw;wpy;> Fwpg;ghf
Mzhjpf;f cw;gj;jpfis kf;fspd; jiyapy; fl;btpl> mofhd
ngz;kj
P hd ghHit kw;Wk; mtspd; ghypay; cly;> mq;ffr; nray;fs;
kPJ jpUg;gpNa kdpjr; r%fj;ij mbikg;gLj;jTk;> Ruz;lTk;
Kbfpd;wJ. ,jw;F ntspapy; ,e;j Kjyhspj;Jtr; re;ijg;gLj;jy;
rhj;jpakpy;iy.
ngz; nghUspay; gz;lk;jhd; vd;gij md;W Kjy; ,d;W

tiu Mzhjpf;fj; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpik epahag;gLj;jp> mKy; nra;J
tUfpd;wJ. mhpr;re;jpu kahdfhz;lk; ve;jf; fl;lj;jpYk; re;jpukjpia
tpw; w ijf; fz; b f; f tpy; i y. mjw; f hff; Nfl; N ghH $l; l q; f spy;
Nrhfj; i j> fz; z P i u tutiof; f tpy; i y. khwhf> ,ilapy;
giwadhfpa epfo;it kl;LNk Nrhfkhff; fUjpaJ. tho;f;if
KOtijAk; ghHg;gdpak; Nftyg;gLj;jpAs;s giwadhd me;j
kf;fis ,l;L xUf;fhYk; fz;zHP tbj;jjpy;iy. rj;jpak;> [dehafk;
vd;gd Mzhjpf;fj; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikapy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gfs; kPNj
Nfhug; g l; l d. ,itjhd; vy; y h khHf; r pa vjpHg; G > Mzhjpf; f f;
Nfhl;ghl;lhsHfspd; rj;jpakhfTk;> ePjpahfTk;> [dehafkhfTk;
cs;sJ. ,J ,d;Wtiu vjhHj;jkhfTk;> tf;fpukhfTk; cs;sJ.
Mzhjpf;fk; jfHfpd;wNghJ ,e;jr; Ruz;ly; mikg;Gk; jfHe;J

NghFk;;. re;ijNa Mzhjpf;fg; ghypay; tf;fpuj;jpy;
fl;likf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,ijf; iftpl;lhy; Ruz;Ltijf; iftpl;ljhf
mHj;jk;;. vdNt> Kjyhspj;Jtr; re;ijg;gLj;jiyj; jfHf;fhky;
ngz; ghypay; hPjpapy; tpsk;guk; nra;ag;gLtijj; jLf;fKbahJ.
xd;Wld; xd;W fye;JwthLk; ,e;j Mzhjpf;fk; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikapd;
Nehf;fpy;> NtWgl;l nghUshjhur; rKjhag; gz;ghl;bYk; fhyj;ijj;
jhz;b> xNu Nghf;fpy;> xNu epiyapy;> xNu Nehf;fj;Jf;fhfg; ngz;iz
moFgLj;JtJ Kjy; midj;ijAk; gad;gLj;jpaJ. ,q;F ngz;
clypay; $WfspYk; rhp> rpe;jidapYk; rhp> nrayhw;WtjpYk; rhp
,e;j Mzhjpf;f mikg;Gf;F ntspapy; Rje;jpukhf ,aq;f KbahJ.
ngz;> Mzpd; Mzhjpf;fr; ruf;Fg; gz;lkhf ,r;r%fj;jpy;
,aq;Ffpd;w XH ,ae;jpuk; kl;LNk. ngz; md;Wk; Mzpd; nrhj;Jjhd;.
,jw;Fg; nghUj;jkhfr; rj;jpaj;jpd; ehafdhd mupr;re;jpud; jhd;ngw;w
152
gp. ,uahfud;
,e; j ,e; J g; Guhzq; f s; ,d; W kP z ; L k; Kd; d zpf; F f;

nfhz;Ltug;gLk; epiyapy;> ,uhkdpd; Mzhjpf;ff; fw;G Nehf;F
rPijia ,opTgLj;jpa tf;fpuj;ijg; ghHg;Nghk;. xU tz;zhd;
re; N jfg; g l; l ij mbg; g ilahff; nfhz; L ,iw mtjhukhff;
fUjg;gLk; ,e;J ehafd; ,uhkd;> jdJ kidtp rPijia> Ie;J
khjf; fHg;gpzpahf ,Ue;j NghJk; fhl;Lf;Fj; Juj;jptpl;lhd;. ngz;fs;
jk; kP j hd Mzhjpf; f r; re; N jfj; i j> rhjpar; r%fj; j py;
,opthf; f g; g l; l rhjp> Mz; f Sf; F Vw; g lhJ ghHj; J f; nfhs; s
Ntz;bapUe;jJ. mjhtJ rhjpg; gpsitj; jhz;b mbepiyr; rhjp
Mz;fs;> caHrhjpg; ngz;fspd; xOf;fj;jpd; kPJ Nfs;tp vOg;gTk;
fz; f hzpf; f Tk; chpik ngw; W ,Ug; g ij ,J epWTfpd; w J.
tz;zhdpd; thHj;ijia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L> ,uhkd; rPij
kPjhd re;Njfj;ijf; nfhz;L jz;bf;Fk; chpikia tpsf;fkpd;wp
mKy;gLj;j Mzhjpf;f xOf;fk; NfhhpaJ> NfhUfpd;wJ. ,iw
mtjhuk; ngw;w ,uhkdhfg; Guhzq;fs; GSfpa NghJk;> ,uhtzd;
gp. ,uahfud;
153
,lk; ,Ue;J rPijia kPl;lNghJ> (Kuz;gl;l gy tuyhw;Wf; fijfs;

,Ue;jNghJk;) rPij jdJ fw;ig epiy ehl;l jP kpjpj;J Mzhjpf;f
xOf;fj;ij epWt Ntz;b Vw;gl;lJ.
,d;W ,uhkd; ngahpy; epfOk; gLnfhiyfs;> fw;gopg;Gfs;....
gpd;dhyhd Mzhjpf;f xOf;fj;ij> md;Nw nrhe;j kidtp kPJ
elj;jg;gl;lij> fw;gpd; xOf;fj;jpd; gpd; epahag;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
,iwtd; vd;W $wg;gLk; ghHg;gdpa ,e;Jf; flTshd ,uhkd; xU
Mzhjpf; f thjpahfTk; > re; N jfj; j pd; n[d; k khfTk; ,Ug; g ij>
ngz;iz ehiag;Nghy; NghLjbahf elj;Jtij vg;gb
[dehafthjpfs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sKbAk;;. ,uhk n[d;k G+kp rhHe;j
,e;J kjg; ghHg;gd Ml;rpahsHfspd; mjpfhuj;jpy;> ,e;Jr; rl;lf;
Nfhit cUthf;fg;gbd; ngz; ngw;W ,Ue;j chpikfs; vy;yhk;
,uhkd; ngauhy; mlf;fg;gLk; vd;gJ njl;lj;njspthdJ.
gQ;rghz;ltHfspd; xNu kidtpahd jpnusgjp jdJ Ie;J
GUrDf;F ntspapy; ,d;DnkhU Miz tpUk;Gtjhff; $wpaNghJ>
,ij Mzhjpf;fk; jkJ tpgr;rhu epiyapy; epahag;gLj;jpaJ. ,d;W
ngz;zpak; NgRk; Mzhjpf;fg; ngz;zpathjpfs; gyjhuKiwiaj;
jhNk vLj;J epahag;gLj;JtJk;> tho;tJk; ,jd; Nghf;fpy;jhd;.
mjhtJ rKjhaj;jpy; ,Uf;ff; $ba Mzhjpf;fg; gyjhuKiwia
,g;ngz;zpathjpfs; jkf;Fk; tphpTgLj;Jk; gz;ghl;by;
Mzhjpf;fkakhfpd;wdH.
tiuKiwaw;w Mzhjpf;fg; GzHr;rpia MZf;F kl;Lk; my;y
ngz; Z f; F k; cz; L vd; w Nfhhpf; i fapd; gpd; > ,J ,d; W
Vfhjpgj;jpag; gz;ghlhfpd;wJ. mjhtJ vy;iyfle;j Vfhjpgj;jpaj;
jiyaPL> ifg;gw;wy;> mDgtpj;jiyNa; ngz; - Mz; kPJ nra;Ak;
Mzhjpf;f chpik Vfhjpgj;jpag; ngz;zpakhfpd;wJ. ,e;j tifapy;
ngz; Fbj;jy;> Gifj;jy;> gyjhu tpgr;rhuk; Nghd;w Mzhjpf;ff;
NfLfspy; ,Ue;J ,uty; thq;fp chpikahfpd;whs;. ,JNghd;w
Nfhhpf;iffs; Mzhjpf;fk; jdf;fhf itj;J ,Ug;gJk;> epahag;
gLj;JtJk;> ngz;zpd; [dehaff; Nfhhpf;ifahfp tpLtjpy;iy.
khwhf Mzhjpf;fkakhjyhFk;. Mzpd; kdpj tpNuhjr; nray;fisg;
ngz; ,uty; thq;f Kd;itf;Fk; ngz;zpak; Mzhjpf;fkhFk;;.
,jw;F vjpuhf Mzhjpf;f xOf;ff; NfLfis vjpHj;J ngz; Nghuhl
Ntz;LNk xopa mijf; Nfhhp NghuhLtJ $lhJ.
154
gp. ,uahfud;
ngz;zpd; fw;igg; Nghw;Wk; ,e;J jHkf; fijfis xl;b

fz;zfp ghz;ba kd;ddplk; $wpatw;iwg; ghHg;Nghk;.
1. fhl;Lf;Fr; nrd;w mofpa ngz;iz xUtd; clYwT
nfhs;fpd;whd;. gpd;dhy; me;j Mz; mg;ngz;izj; njhpahJ vd
kWf;fpd;whd;. gpd;dhy; ,iwtid Ntz;baNghJ mts; cwT nra;j
FbirAk;> mUfpy; ,Ue;j kuKk; rhl;rp nrhd;d gpd;Ng mtis
mtd; Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;whd;. ,jdhy; ,ts; gj;jpdp.
2. ,uz;L ngz;fs; Mw;wq;fiuapy; kz; nghk;ik nra;J
tpisahbdH. xU ngz;izg; ghHj;J> kzw; nghk;ikia mts;
fztd; vd;W kw;w ngz; $wpajhy;> mg;nghk;ikia nts;sk;
mbf;fhJ ghJfhj;jhs;. vdNt mts; gj;jpdp.
3. fhpfhyr; NrhoDila kfspd; GU\id Mw;Wnts;sk;
mbj;Jr; nry;y> mts; flyplk; Kiwapl;Lj; jpUg;gp ngw;whs;
vd;gjhy; gj;jpdpahfpd;whs;.
4. ngz; xUj;jpiaf; fztd; tpl;Lr; nrd;w epiyapy; fy;yhfp
flw;fiuapy; fztidg; ghHj;J fple;jhs;. fztd; te;jTld; kPs
cUtk; ngw;W tPL te;jhs;. vdNt ,ts; fw;Gs;s gj;jpdpahfpd;whs;.
5. ngz; xUj;jpia Mz; tpl;Lr; nrd;w epiyapy;> NtW
xUtd; mtis cw;Wg; ghHj;jjhy;> mts; jd; Kfj;ijf; Fuq;F
Kfkhf;fpf; nfhz;L tho;e;jhs;. fztd; te;j gpd; mts; gioagb
khwpajhy; fw;Gs;s gj;jpdpahfpd;whs;.
6. xUj;jpapd; khw;whs; Foe;ij fpzw;wpy; jtwp tpOe;Jtpl>
jd; Foe; i jiaAk; fpzw; w py; Nghl; L > gpd; ntsptu Ntz; b g;
ngw;wjhy; ,ts; fw;Gs;s gj;jpdpahfpd;whs;.
7. ,uz;L Njhopfs; tpisahLk;NghJ> eP kfSk; ehd; kfDk;
ngw;why; mtHfs; ,UtUk; fztDk; kidtpahf ,Ug;gH vdf;$wp
tpisahbduhk;;. ,ijg; gpd; mg;ngz; jdJ kfsplk; $w mts;
Njhopapd; kfDf;F kidtpahdjhy; fw;Gs;s gj;jpdpahfpd;whs;.
fw;G gw;wp ,e;j Mzhjpf;ff; $w;Wfisf; $wpa fz;zfp>
ghz;baid mopf;fpd;whs;. ,itfs; vij vkf;F tpsf;Ffpd;wd.
ngz; kP j hd md; i wa Mzhjpf; f f; fhl; L kpuhz; b j; j dj; i jf;
gp. ,uahfud;
155
fhl;Lfpd;wd. ,d;W ,jd; Nghf;Ffs; rpy NtWghl;Lld; ,Ug;gJ

fhzKbAk;.
,d; W xU ngz; z pd; ek; g pf; i fia> fhjiyg; ghypay;
Njitf;Fg; gad;gLj;jp
gpd; iftpLtJ vjhHj;jkhf cs;sJ.
ngz; fhjy; nra;Ak;NghJ jw;fhg;G epiyapYk;> Mz; jhf;Fjy;
epiyapYk; vg;NghJk; mZFfpd;wdH. ngz;fs; kPjhd Mzpd;
ghypay; elj;ijfs; ngz;iz mDgtpj;jgpd; Jg;gptplj; jahuhd
jd; i kapy; ,Ug; g ijg; nghJthff; fhzKbAk; ; . fUj; j hpg; G
Vw;glhjtiu> ,it gfpuq;fkhfr; r%fj;Jf;Fj; njhpatuhj tiu>
,e;j cwT Rje;jpukhf ePbf;fpd;wJ. fUj;jhpg;G Mzpd; kWg;Gf;Fr;
rKjha milahskhfpd;wJ. mJtiu Rje;jpukhd fhjy; vd;gJ>
ghypay; mDgtpg;Gtiu vy;iyg;gLfpd;wJ. ,d;W fUmopg;G vd;gJ
,jdhy; ngUFtJk;> Mz; - ngz;iz Vkhw;WtJk; fhzKbAk;.
gpd; d hy; Vkhw; w patidNa fl; l haj; j pd; Nghpy; fl; b itg; g Jk;
epfo;thf cs;sJ. ,Jjhd; fw;gopg;Gfspd; kPjhd nghJ tbtkhf
cs; s J. ,J kl; L k; j hd; mg; n gz; z pd; epk; k jpahd r%f
mq;fPfhukhfTk;> jpUkzkhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
Guhzq;fs; Clhff; fw;G gw;wpa Mzhjpf;f xOf;ftpay;
Nfhl;ghLfs; eilKiw tbtkhf tUk;NghJ> kzw; nghk;ikfSk;>
epidTfSk; epiwNtwhj fw; g id tho; f ; i ffSk; epiwe; j Nj
ngz;fspd; fz;zPH tho;f;if. kzw; nghk;ikf;Nf fztDf;Fhpa
me;j];ijf; Nfhhp ngz;iz kz;baplitj;j Mzhjpf;fk;> Mzpd;
vy;iyapy;yhj tf;fpur; Rje;jpuj;ijg; ngz;kPJ epWtpaij ,J
fhl; L fpd; w J. ,ijnahl; b Na ngz; topghl; L Kiwfs; $l
cUthf;fg;gl;ld. mjhtJ ntWk; fw;rpiyf;F mHj;jkw;w flTs;
tpRthrj; i j vg; g b r%fk; nfhLf; f pwNjh> mijNa fztd;
tplaj;jpy; ngz;iz mDrhpf;ff; NfhhpaJ. kzy;> fy; vd vjpYk;
,ij tpl; L itf; f tpy; i y. ,jw; F ,irthf Mzhjpf; f g;
gonkhopfisAk; r%fk; cUthf;fpf; nfhz;lJ. ~~fy;yhdhYk;
fztd; Gy;yhdhYk; GU\d;|| vd;W $wpNa ngz;iz Mzpd;
mbikahfr; Nrtfk; nra;Ak;gb epHg;ge;jpj;jJ. ngz;zpd; ghypay;
czHr;rpiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;jpa r%fk;> ngz;zpd; czHitj; jLf;f>
fy;yhyhd fztidf; $lf; fl;bao itj;jJ. FLk;gj;jpd; mjpfhuk;
ngz;zpd; Rje;jpuj;ij kWf;Fk; vy;yh epiyapYk; ngz;Zf;Fg;
Nghypahd nghk;ikf; fztidNah> NtW kw;Nwh (topghL.. Nghd;wd)
ghprspj;J> Jauj;jpy; js;sptpLfpwJ r%fk;;.
156
gp. ,uahfud;
fztid ,oe; j ngz; jdJ tho; f ; i fia> ,aw; i f

czh;Tfisr; Rje;jpukhfj; jPHf;fKbahj Mzhjpf;fr; r%fj;jpy;
ngz;> fztid epidj;J cUff; NfhhpaJ. mtd; tUthd; vd;W
fhj;J ,Uf;f my;yJ mij epidj;J ,yapj;jpUf;f NfhhpaJ.
,y;yhJ Nghdhy;> mg;ngz;zpd; moifr; rpijatpl;L tho my;yJ
MNz> ngz;zpd; moifr; rpijj;J myq;Nfhyg;gLj;jp Mzhjpf;f
xOf;fj;ij epiyepWj;jpdH. ,ij epiyepWj;j tPl;by; ngz;izg;
G+l;b rpiwitj;jdH my;yJ fhtYf;F Ms; itj;jdH. ,jd;
kPjhd re;Njfj;ijg; Nghf;f mbj;J nehWf;fp kpjpg;gJ xOf;ff;
fhg;ghfpaJ. ,g;gb md;Wk; rhp> ,d;Wk; rhp Mzhjpf;f epfo;Tfs;
vjhHj;jkhf etPdg;gl;L cs;sJ. md;W xU ngz;zpd; Kfj;ijf;
fztd; myq;Nfhyg;gLj;jpAk;> ngz;iz tPl;by; milj;Jf; fy;yhf
,Uf;fr; nra;J md;Wk; rhp> ,d;Wk; rhp Mzhjpf;fg; ghypay;
xOf;ff; Nfhl;ghL;fs; epWtg;gl;ld. Mzpd; ,ay;ghd re;Njff;
Fzk;> ghypaypy; xUjiygl;rkhd Mzpd; EfHT> ngz;iz mNj
Nehf;NfhLr; re;Njfpf;fpd;wJ. ngz; vg;gb nksdkhfg; ghypay;
G+Hj;jpapd;wp thoKbfpd;wJ vd;w Nfs;tp> Mzpd; re;Njfj;ij
epahag;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,jdhy; ngz;iz myq;Nfhyg;gLj;JtJ>
Jd;GWj;JtJ Mzhjpf;fr; re;Njfg; gz;ghlfpd;wJ.
ngz; vg;NghJk; fy;yhfTk;> Fuq;fhfTk; ,Uf;f khw;wg;gl;lhs;.
mtspd; flikfs; xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;ld. mij kPWtJ Fw;wkhff;
fhzg;gl;lJ. khw;whs; Foe;ij jtwp tpOe;J tpl;ljhy;> flik
jtwpa kidtpahf ,Ug;gijj; jLf;f jd; Foe;ijiaNa mts;
fpzw;wpy; NghLk; msTf;Ff; flik> fl;Lg;ghL> fw;G ngz;iz
kpul;baJ. flikiar; nra;ahJ vd;d nra;jha;? ahUld; Fytpdha;?
vd;w re;Njfq;fis vjpH nfhz;ljhy;> mts; jd; Foe;ijiaAk;
nfhy;yj; Jzpe;jhs;> Jzpfpd;whs;.
kWjsj;jpy; ,d;W tiu ePbf;Fk; Foe;ijj; jpUkzk; md;W
Foe;ij gpwf;Fk; Kd;Ng jPHkhdfukhfpaJ. ,J ngz;zpd; fw;Gf;fhd
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lg; gz;ghlhf tpsf;fpaJ. ,d;W ngz;fs; fUtpy; cs;s
Foe;ijiag; ngWtJ my;yJ mopg;gJ ngz;zpd; chpik vd;w
Mzhjpf;fg; ngz;zpaf; Nfhl;ghl;ilg; Nghy;> md;W ngz;fs;
jpUkzj;Jf;F Kd;Ng Foe;ij kPjhd tho;f;ifia ahUld; vd;W>
jPHkhdpf;Fk; Mzhjpf;f chpikiaf; nfhz;L ngz; gz;ghl;ilf;
fl;bg; ghJfhj;jhs;. ,d;W fUtpy; itj;Nj Foe;ij caph; tho;tijj;
gp. ,uahfud;
157
jPHkhdpf;f Mzhjpf;fg; ngz; tpUk;Gfpd;whs;. ,ij ,d;W ngz;zpd;

chpik vd;fpd;whs;. md;W mijg; gz;ghL> fyhr;rhuk; vd;whs;;.
md;W fUTWk; Kd;Ng gpwf;f NghFk; Foe;ij ahUld; tho;tJ
vd; g ijj; jP H khdpj; j hs; . ,Jjhd; gj; j pdp ngz; z pd; fw; G f;
Nfhl;ghlhFk;. ,JNt ,d;W Mzhjpf;fg; ngz;zpakhFk;;.
,d;W ngz;iz ,Oj;Jr; nry;Yk; mjpfhu tHf;fk; ngz;zpd;
cliy mDgtpf; f r; Rje; j pukhfpd; w J. Mzhjpf; f r; Rje; j pu>
[dehafj; j plkpUe; J ngz; i zf; fhg; g hw; w ve; j f; flTSk;
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158
gp. ,uahfud;
mts; nja;tf; fd;dpif. nja;tf; fd;dpif vd;gtHfs; (Njtjhrpfs;)

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,Uf;fpwJ me;jf;fhy MSk; tHf;fq;fspdJk;> flTs; vLgpbfspdJk;;
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midj;Jk; Mzpd; Njitiag; G+Hj;jp nra;a nja;tf;
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cs;s NtWghL mDrhpf;f NfhUfpd;wJ> tof;fpy; cs;s gonkhop
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tpltpy;iy.
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gp. ,uahfud;
159
mioj;Jg; Nghdhuhk; rptd;. ,NjNghy; Mo;thH tPl;by; xU gf;jd;

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filapy; fld; cjtp Nfl;f> mtd; ,td; kidtpiaf; Nfl;lhd;.
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Fk;gy;fs; ,g;gbj;jhd; ngz;izg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;. Foe;ij
kUe;jpd;wp capUf;Fg; NghuhLk; NghNjh> kUe;J thq;ff; fhR
,y;yhjNghNjh> tWikapy; czTf;Ff; ifNae;Jk;NghNjh> Ntiy
Njbg; ngz; miyAk;NghNjh> caH mjpfhhp ngz;zpd; chpikia
kWf;Fk;NghNjh .... gLf;ifapy; ngz;zpd; cliyg; gfpuq;fkhfNt
NfhUfpd;wJ> cyfkakhjy; gz;ghL. md;W epyg;gpuGj;Jtg; gf;jpg;
gz; g hL> gf; j pahy; ngz; i zf; $l; b f; nfhLf; f NfhhpaJ.
me;jsTf;Fg; ghHg;gdpak; jdJ nrhe;jr; rjpj;jpl;lq;fs; %yk;
r%fj;jpd; caH me;j];jpy; ,Ue;jgb> ngz;iz mDgtpj;jij
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gzj;Jf;F Kd;dhy;> ngz; njhlHe;Jk;> Mzpd; gz;lkhfj; njhlHtJ
ngz;zpd; tuyhwhf cs;sJ.
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jrujd;> fpU\;zd; Nghd;NwhH Kd; elkhl Kbahj msTf;F
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jkJ ghypay; Njitia xUjhu kzj;jpy; G+Hj;jp nra;aKbahJ
Nghd epiyapy; > $l; l khf Mz; - ngz; jdpj; J tplg; g l; l
epiyapy; Xhpdr; NrHf;if mtHfspd; jtpHf;fKbahj Mzhjpf;f
epiyahfpaJ.
160
gp. ,uahfud;
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cs;slf;fpa tuyhw;iw kWj;J> kdpjdpd; kpff;FWfpa tuyhiw
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gp. ,uahfud;
161
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Gwk;ghd ghypay; Njh;it tpjpahf;fpaJ.
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ngz; l hl; b f; f hudhf ,Ug; g ij ,d; W tiu kWf; f hj r%fk; >
ngz;Zf;F mg;gb xU epiy Vw;gLtij Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjpy;iy.
,J vjhHj;j kdpj tho;tpy; ntl;LKfg; gf;fq;fshf ,d;W cs;sJ.
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162
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itj;jpUe;jtHfspd; me;juq;fkhd> me;jg;Gu elj;ijapd; xOf;fkhf
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elj;ijiar; Rje;jpukhf khw;Wfpd;wJ. ,e;j khw;wk; r%fj;jpd;
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jdf;Fs; Mzhjpf;fk; rhHe;j mq;fkhf;fpaJ. ngz; Rje;jpukhfg;
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gp. ,uahfud;
163
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gilg;Gfis cUthf;fpdH. mg;NghJ ,q;F ,Ue;j rpWtopghLfs;
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flTs;fs; vy;yhk;> Mzhjpf;f fhktpfhuj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
,e;jg; gpwg;Gfspd; ngha;ikfs; mwptpay; Kd;G mUfijaw;w
ehw; w j; i jf; nfhz; l it. Mdhy; vjhHj; j k; Mzhjpf; f j;
jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik rhHe;j tpfhuj;ij vy;yhk; kdpjdpd; topghlhf;Fk;
epiyapy; > ,ijj; njhFj; J mk; g yg; g Lj; J tJk; > <tpuf; f kw; w
tifapy; epHthzkhf;fNtz;baJk; mtrpakhfptpLfpd;wJ.
,g;gbg;gl;l tf;fpuq;fs; jhd;> ,d;W gpd;etPdj;Jtk; Nfhhp
Kd;itf;Fk; tf;fhpj;j Mz; - ngz; cwTfspd; mbg;gilahFk;.
,d;W ,ijf; NfhhpAk;> vOjpAk;;> Kd;itf;Fk; midj;Jf;Fk;
Kd;Ndhbahf ,e;J kjj;jpd; tf;fhpj;j cwTfs; cs;sd. ,d;W
gpd; e tP d j; J tthjpfs; itf; F k; gytw; i w md; N w ,e; J kjk;
Kd;itj;jJ vd;w cz;ikia vLj;Jf; fhl;Ltjd; %yk;> ,d;iwa
etPd Vfhjpgj;jpag; ghypay; tf;fpuKk; mk;gykhfptpLk;.
ghHg;gdr; rdhjdj; jHkkhf kDrh];jpuj;jpd;gb tHz> rhjp
tifapy; xLf;fp itf;fg;gl;bUe;j kf;fis tpLtpg;gjhff; $wpa
Gj;j kjk; ,e;jpaj; Jizf;fz;lj;jpy; nry;thf;Fg; ngw;wJ. mjdhy;
ghh; g ; g d rdhjd kjk; mope; J NghFk; epiyia vl; b gy
164
gp. ,uahfud;
Mz; L fshfj; jiynaLf; f Kbahky; fple; j J. ,e; e piyapy;

fhybapy; Njhd; w pa Mjprq; f ud; fhrptiu gazk; nra; J
mj;itjj;ijg; gug;gpdhh;. th;z> rhjp tijapy; xLf;fpitf;fg;gl;l
kf;fis kPz;Lk; ghh;g;gd kjj;Jf;Fs; <h;g;gjw;fhfr; rpWnja;tq;fis
vy; y hk; ngUe; n ja; t q; f spd; mtjhuq; f s; vd cwTgLj; J k;
kjf;Nfhl;ghLfis cUthf;fpdhh;. mjhtJ Fy> fz nja;tq;fs;
vy;yhk; Guhz> ,jpfhrf; flTs;fSld; cwTgLj;jp GidTfis
cUthf; F tjd; %yk; ghh; g ; g d kjj; J f; F g; Gj; J aph; nfhLf; f
Kide;jhh;.
,e;Jkj cUthf;fj;jpD}lhf> tf;fhpj;j cwTfs; Gidag;
gl;lNghJ> rpWtopghLfs; rPuopf;fg;gl;ld.
,q;F rpWtopghl;Lf;
flTs;fs; Vd;> vjw;fhf> ve;j cw;gj;jp kPJ cUthapd vd;gij
Muha;Tf;F vLj;Jf; nfhs;stpy;iy. khwhf me;jr; rpWflTs;fisg;
GzHe; J k; > tYf; f l; l hakhfj; jpUkzk; nra; J k; cwthf; f pf;
FLk;gj;jpy; ,izj;jjd; %yk;> mtw;NwhL ,e;Jkjk; rhHe;j cwTfs;
mq; f P f huk; ngw; w d. mtw; w pd; ehw; w j; i jAk; Mghrj; i jANk
mk; g yg; g Lj; J tjpy; ftdnkLf; f pd; w J ,g; g Fjp. ,q; F rpy
Kd; $ l; b Na rpWtopghl; L j; nja; t q; f shf ,Ue; J gpd; d hy;
,e;Jkakhdit.. rpy ,e;Jkjj;jpd; nja;tq;fshfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
cjhuzkhf ew;wpizapy;> (ghly;-82)
~~KUF GzHe;jpad;w ts;sp Nghy...
fhl;by; ciwAk; jha;j; nja;tkhd fhlfhspd;||31
fhl;by; ciwAk; jha;j; nja;tkhd fhLfhspd; kfd; KUF
(KUfd;)> kw;nwhU jha;j;nja;tkhd ts;spia kidtpahf;fpdhd;.
,q;F Kf;fpakhf KUFtpd; jha; kl;Lk; $wg;gLfpd;wJ je;ij
gw;wpj; njhpahjepiy fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,JNghy mg;gUila Njthu
thpfs;> ,jw;Fr; rhd;W jUfpd;wJ.
~~nry;tpiag; ghfq;nfhz;lhH Nre;jid kfdha;f; nfhz;lhH
kz;zpid cz;l khad; jd;idNahH ghfq; nfhz;lhH||143
jha;j; nja;tkhd nry;tp> KUfd;> Nre;jd; (ma;ahH)> khNahd;
Nghd;wtHfSf;fpilapy; cwTKiwia ,e;J kjk; Vw;gLj;jpaijf;
fhl;Lfpd;wJ. vg;gb ,e;Jkjk; gpd;dhy; tsHr;rp ngw;wJ vd;gij
,J fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ehk; ,dp ,e;j tsHr;rpapd; Mghrj;ijAk;>
tf;fpuj;ijAk; Guhz kw;Wk; ,e;J tuyhw;W ,yf;fpak; %yk;
Muha;Nthk;.
gp. ,uahfud;
165
,uhkhazj; j pd; fjhehafd; ,uhkdpd; ngahpy; xU

thduf; $ l; l k; ,d; W ,e; j pahtpy; ; Mapuf; f zf; f hd kf; f isf;
nfhd;Wk;> fw;gopj;Jk; NghLk; $j;jpd; gpd;dhy;> ,uhkhazg; Guhz
,yf;fpa tuyhW kz;bf;fplf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j ,uhkhazk; cUthff;
fhuzk;> tp\;Z jdJ kidtp ,yl;Rkpiag; GzHe;jjhy; Vw;gl;ljhk;.
,JNghy; fe;j Guhzk; Vw;gl fhuzk; rptd; ckhNjtpahUld;
E}W tUlk; tplhky; GzHe;J nfhz;bUe;jjhy;> tPhpaKk; fh;g;gKk;
nfhLik nra;JtpLk; vd;W NjtHfs; mQ;rp Kiwapl;ljhy;> fytp
Kw;Wg;ngWKd; rptd; epWj;jpajhy; ,e;jphpak; epyj;jpy; tpOe;J
epiwa Mghrkhfp ,Wjpahfr; Rg;gpukzpad
pukzpad; Njhd;wTk;> fe;jGuhzk;
cUthfTk; fhuzkhfp tpLfpd;wJ. ,e;j khjphp ,e;J kj tf;fpuj;ij
ehk; Nghw;Wfpd;Nwhk;;?!
,dp ehk; ,uhkhazj;ijg; ghHg;Nghk;;. ,e;j ,uhkhazk;
,uhkdpd; Mzhjpf;f tf;fpuj;jpy; fl;likf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;j ,uhkdpd;
nrhe;jj; je;ij jrujd; my;y. jrujd; %d;W ngz;lhl;biaAk;>
60 Mapuk; itg;ghl;bfisAk; itj;jpUe;jtd;;. %d;W ngz;Zf;Fk;
Foe;ij gpwf;fhjjhy;> rpuq;fd; ,lk; %d;W ngz;izAk; xg;gilj;J
ahfk; nra;jhd;. ,e;j ahfj;jpy; %d;W gpz;lq;fisg; gpbj;J
cz; z f; nfhLj; j jhy; %tUk; fHg; g khfpf; Foe; i j ngw; w dH
vd;fpwJ> ,uhkhazk;;. ,q;F %d;W ngz;fspd; je;ij rpuq;fd;
vd;gJ> ,d;W kuj;ijr; Rw;wp gps;is ngWk; gf;jpapd; gpd;dhy;
NtW Mz;fSld; GzHr;rp elg;gJk;> fHg;gk; jhpg;gJNk epfo;fpd;wJ.
jrujd; my;yhj rpuq;fDf;Fg; gpwe;j ,uhkid> ,uhtzd; jq;if
#Hg;geif jd;idj; jpUkzk; nra;Ak;gb Nfl;ljhy;> mtspd; %f;F>
Kiy> Kb Nghd;wtw;iw ntl;l cj;jutpl;ljd; %yk; ,uhkd;>
ngz;fisf; nfhr;irg;gLj;Jfpd;whd;.
xU ngz; Miz tpUk;gp jpUkzk; nra;af; NfhUtJ Fw;wkh?
,ij ,uhkhazk; kWf;fpwJ. ngz;zpd; cliyr; rpijg;gJjhd;
,uhkhaz ePjp. ,d;W ngz; kPjhd rpj;utijfs; ,JNghd;W ,uhkdpd;
topfhl;lypy; elg;gij ehk; vjhHj;jj;jpy; fhz;fpd;Nwhk;. fhl;Lf;Fr;
nrd;w ,uhkd; rPijapd; kbapy; jiyitj;Jg; gLj;J ,Uf;Fk;NghJ>
flTshfg; Nghw;wg;gLk; ,e;jpuDila kfd; rae;jd; fhf;fh Ntlk;
Nghl;L te;J> rPijapd; Kiyf; fhk;igf; nfhj;jp jdJ ghypay;
tf;fpuj;ijj; jPHj;j NghJ> mJ Fw;wkhfp tpltpy;iy. rPijapd;
fw;gpd; xOf;fj;ijf; fztd; rhHe;J khdk;nfl;Lg; Nghw;wg;gLfpd;wJ.
,d;W ngz;fspd; Kiyia tpsk;gu cyfk; Kjy; ghlrhiy
166
gp. ,uahfud;
khztHfs; <whfj; Njhy; chpj; J ,urpj; J g; ghHf; f tpUk; G k;

Mzhjpf;fg; gz;ghl;ilNa> ,e;J kjk; Nghw;wp ,urpj;j tuyhw;Wf;
fijfs; vOjpatHfs; > mjd; njhlHr; r papy; ,d; W k; mijg;
Nghw;Wfpd;wdH.
rPij ,uhkdpd; rNfhjhp vd;w ,uhkhaz tuyhW %yk;>
rNfhju - rNfhjhp jpUkzk; epfo;e;j rKjhaj;ijNa vkf;Ff;
Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. thy;kf
P p ,uhkhazj;jpy; mNahj;jpah fhz;lk;
rufk; 8 RNyhfk; 12 ,y;> ,uhkd; gy kidtpkhiu itg;ghl;bahf
itj;jpUe;jij mk;gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,uhtzid ntd;w ,uhkd;
rP i jiag; ghHf; f kWj; j epiyapy; > ~~,uhtzdhy; Vw; g l; l
mtkhdj; i jj; Jilj; j plTe; j hd; ehd; ,q; F te; N jNd xopa
cdf;fhf ehd; ,g;ngUe;njhy;iyia Nkw;nfhs;stpy;iy||33 vd;W
jdJ Mzhjpf;f tf;fpuj;ij ntspg;gLj;jpdhd;. NkYk; mtd; ~~cd;
(rPij) elj;ijia ehd; re;Njfpf;fpNwd;. ,uhtzd; cd;idf;
fsq;fg;gLj;jp ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. cd;idg; ghHf;fpwNj vdf;Fg; ngUk;
vhpr;rY}l;LfpwJ. rfpf;ftpy;iy. X> [dfdpd; kfNs! cdf;F
tpUg; g Ks; s ,lj; j pw; n fq; f htJ eP Ngha; r ; Nruyhk; . .. mofpa
ngz; n zhUj; j pia ,uhtzd; Rk; k h tpl; b Ug; g hdh..|| 33 vd; W
Nfl; f pd; w NghJ> jdJ epiyapy; epd; N w ciuf; f pd; w hd; . jhd;
,uhtzd; ,lj; j py; ,Ue; j hy; fw; g opj; j pUg; N gd; vd; g ijNa
nrhy;yhky; nrhy;Yfpd;whd;;. ,e;j ,lj;jpy; rPij njspthf mtid
epHthzg;gLj;jpf; $Wtijg; ghHg;Nghk;. ~~ehNd jw;nfhiy nra;J
vd;id kha;j;Jf; nfhz;bUg;NgNd.||33 ,e;j ,uhkd;> ,uhtzdplk;
,Ue;J kPl;l rPij kPjhd Mzhjpf;fr; re;Njfj;ijj; jPHj;Jf; nfhs;s
mtisj; jPf;Fspf;Fk;gb fl;lhag;gLj;jpdhd;;. fw;G gw;wp Mzhjpf;f
,iw xOf;fk; tf;fpuk; gpbj;jpUg;gij ,J fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ehL
jpUk;gpa gpd; rPij fHg;gkhf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ> tz;zhd; xUtd;
rPijapd; Mzhjpf;ff; fw;G xOf;fj;ij Mzhjpf;ff; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy;
re; N jfg; g l; l epiyapy; > ,uhkd; mjd; topapy; rP i japd;
fz;izf;fl;b> eLf;fhl;by; Juj;jptpl;lhd;. ,e;j ,iwj; J}jHfspd;
Mzhjpf;fk; ngz;tijfisf; nfhz;lJ.
,d;W vjhHj;jj;jpy; ngz; kPjhd re;Njfq;fs;> mJ rhHe;j
rpj; u tijfs; > ,jdhy; ngz; i zf; iftpLjy; Nghd; w tw; w pd;
Kd;Ndhbahd je;ijahf Mzhjpf;f ,uhkd; ,Uf;fpd;whd; vd;why;
mij kWf;fKbahJ. ,q;F ,uhtzd; rPijiaj; J}f;fpr; nrd;W
gp. ,uahfud;
167
elj;jpa Kiwfs; nghJthd vy;iyapy; Mzhjpf;ff; fz;Nzhl;lk;

nfhz;litay;y. ,uhtzd; rPijiaj; J}f;fpaNj> jq;if #Hg;g
eiff;F ele;j nfhLikapd; mbg;gilapy;jhd;;. ,e;j ,lj;jpy;
,jw;fhfr; rPijiaf; nfhz;L nrd;wJ Fw;wNk xopa (~~thy;kPfp
,uhkhazg;gb> rPij ,uhkid tpl;Ltpl;L ,uhtzDld; jhdhfNt
nrd;whs;.||34)> ,uhkd; nra;jJ Nghd;w ,ope;j Mzhjpf;ff; Fw;wky;y.
tuyhw;wpy; kj Aj;jq;fs; Kjy; Mf;fpukpg;G Aj;jq;fs; tiu
ele;jijg;Nghy ngz;fisf; ifg;gw;WtJk;> fw;gopg;gJk;> njhlH
tpgr;rhuj;jpy; js;StJk;> jkJ itg;ghl;bahf itj;jpUg;gJk; vd;w
Mzhjpf;ff; nfhûk; vijAk; ,uhtzd; nra;jjpy;iy. ,uhtzd;
rPijia tpUk;Gfpd;wNghJ> mtspd; tpUg;gkpd;wpj; njhLtijf;
$lf; iftpl;ltd;;. rPijia ,uhtzd; njhlhJ epyj;Jld; Njhz;b
nrd; w NghJ> rP i j jdJ Nkyhilfisf; fise; J vwpe; j
epHthzkhd epiyapYk;> ,uhtzd; fhkk; nfhz;L rpijf;ftpy;iy.
khwhf> ngz;izg; ngz;zhf kjpj;jhd;. ,uhtzd; ngz;izj;
njhLtjhy; kz;il ntbj;JtpLk; vd;why;> fw;gopg;ig NtWtopapy;
elj;jpapUf;fKbAk;. ,uhkhazj;jpd; ePjp ,uhtzd; jsj;jpy; ,Ue;J
nrhy;yg;gl Ntz;ba gy;NtW juTfis cs;slf;fpaNj xopa>
,ij kWj; J ,uhkdpd; Mzhjpf; f tf; f puj; i jr; nrhy; Y tNj
,uhkhazk;.
rPijiaf; fhl;Lf;Fj; Juj;jpa ,uhkd; Ml;rp vg;gb ,Ue;jJ.
cj;ju fhz;lk; rufk; 42> 43 ,y;> KiwNa RNyhfk; 8>1 ,y;> ~~Fb>
$j;Jkhf khkprj;ij tpOq;fpagb> ngz;fisf; $l;lk; $l;lkhff;
nfhz;L tf;fpukhd fhkg; grpahw;Wtjpy; fhyj;ijNahl;bdhd;;. rPij
mtDld; ,Ue;j NghJk; ,ijNa nra;jJld;> rPijiaAk; ,jpy;
<LgLj;jpdhd;. ,jpy; ,ay;> ,ir> ehl;baj;jpy; Gfo;ngw;w fpz;zhp>
cjkh> mg;ruRfs; Nghd;wtHfSk;> gy mofpfSk; me;jg;Guj;jpy;
rpf;fp fple;jdH. rHfh 4>2 nra;As; 18.21 ,y;> ~~kJNghijapy;
khkprj;ijr; Ritj;jgb> rPijf;F kJitf; nfhLj;jgb> Nkhfk;
nfhz;l ,uhkd; tdNkhfpdpfs;> ehfh kd;ddpd; Gj;jphpfs;> fpd;dhpd;
fd;dpg; ngz;fs;> NtW fd;dpg; ngz;fSk; Mghrkhfg; ghypay;
tf;fpuj;ij ntspg;gLj;jpdH.
rPijia kPl;l ,uhkd; ,uhtzdpd; kidtp kz;Nlhjhpiaj;
JNuhfp tPg\
P zDf;Ff; nfhLf;fpd;whd;. ,Jjhd; ,uhkdpd; Mzhjpf;f
eP j p. ,JNghy; thypapd; kidtp jhuifiar; Rf; h P t Df; F f;
168
gp. ,uahfud;
nfhLf;fpd;whd;. ngz;fis> ngz;fshf Vw;Wf; nfhs;shj ,e;J

kjk; > ntWk; ghypay; EfHTg; gz; l khff; ifg; g w; W tJk;
nfhLg;gJkhfg; ngz;fisr; rpWikg;gLj;jpaJ.
Mzhjpf;f ,uhkd; rPijiaf; fhl;bw;Fj; Juj;jpa gpd; rPij
thy;kPfpapd; Mrpukj;jpy; tho;fpd;whs;. mq;F ,ul;ilf; Foe;ijfis
mts; ngWfpd;whs;;. 12 Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpd; ,uhkidf; fhZk;
tiu> rPijia ,uhkd; nrd;W ghHj;jJ fpilahJ. 12 tUlj;jpw;Fg;
gpd; ,uhkd; nra;j ahfj;Jf;F miog;G jpl;lkpl;Nl nfhLf;f kWj;j
epiyapy;> thy;kPfp rPijapd; kfid mioj;Jf; nfhz;L ahfj;Jf;Fr;
nrd; w hd; ; . mq; F ,uhkd; kfidf; fz; l Jld; > rP i j kP j hd
re;Njfj;ij kPsTk; Rl;bf; fhl;bdhd;. mij eptHj;jpf;f tpUk;gpdhy;
rPij ngUk; kf;fs; $l;lk; Kd;G kPz;Lk; jdJ fw;ig ep&gpf;f
Ntz;Lk; vd;whd;. rPij mioj;J tug;gLfpd;whs;. mq;F ,uhkdpd;
mtkhdfukhd mtJ}Wfisf; Nfl;Lj; jd;idj;jhNd jw;nfhiyf;F
,l;Lr; nry;Yfpd;whs;;. flTshff; fhl;lg;gLk; Mzhjpf;f ,uhkdpd;
Nahf;fpaij ,J. ,Jjhd; ,e;jpahtpd; ,e;J Mzhjpf;fkhFk;.
xU ngz;kPjhd mtJ}Wfs;> ,opTfs; ,uhkdpd; topapy; ,d;W
,e;Jg; gz;ghlhf ,Ug;gJ rKjhaj;Jf;Nf NftykhdJ. ,e;jf;
fhl;Lkpuhz;bj;jdj;Jf;F KbTfl;lhj tiu ehk; kdpjdhf tho;tjpy;
vd;d mHj;jk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
thduq;fs; vd;W ,uhkhazj;jpy; miof;fg;gLNthH ahH?
gpuk;kNjtdpd; fl;lisia epiwNtw;w flTs;fs; elj;jpa fw;gopg;gpy;
gpwe; j tHfNs thduq; f s; . mofpfshd mg; r uR> tpiykhjHfs; >
gUtkilahj ngz; f isf; fw; g opj; j NghJk; > ehfHfs; kw; W k;
af;\rHfSila kzkhfhj ngz;fisAk;> jpUkzk; nra;J tho;e;J
nfhz; b Ue; j Uf; \ h> tpj; a hjH> fe; j HtHfs; > fpz; z Hfs; >
thdtHfSila kidtpkhHfisf; fw;gopj;jNghJ Vw;gl;l fyg;gpy;
gpwe;jtHfNs> ,uhkDf;F cjtpa thduq;fs;. md;W ngz;fs;
kPjhd fw;gopg;Gfs; ,iwf; fl;lisahff; $wp ngz;fs; kPJ elj;jpa
nfhLikfNs ,d;W> ,uhkdpd; ngauhy; K];ypk; ngz;fs; kPjhd
fw;gopg;ghf khwpAs;sJ. ,d;W ,it ,uhkd; vd;w flTspd; ngahpy;
elg;gJjhd; NtWghL.
ghujg; Guhz ,yf; f paj; i jg; ghHg; N ghk; . ahH ,e; j g;
ghz;ltHfs;> JhpNahjdHfs; vd;W ghHg;Nghk;. re;jD vd;w kd;dd;
ghpksfj;jpia ,uz;lhk;jhukhf kze;jNghJ> mtSf;Fk; mJ
,uz;lhtJ jpUkzkhFk;. ,J Guhzk; vOjg;gl;l fhyj;jpy; kWkzr;
gp. ,uahfud;
169
Rje;jpuk; ngz;Zf;F ,Ue;jijg; gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ. ,J ,d;W

kWg;Gf;Fs;shtij ehk; fhzKbfpwJ. ,e;jg; ghpksfj;jp Kjypy;
kr; r fe; j p vd; w ngahpy; ,Ue; j ts; . ,ts; NjhzpNahl; b ahf
,Ue;jNghJ guhrd; vd;w Kdptd; clYwT nfhz;L Ntjtpahrd;
vd;w Kdptd; gpwe;jhd;;. ,jw;Fg; gpd;dhy; re;jDTld; ele;j
jpUzj;jpy; ,uz;L Foe;ijfs;. %j;jtidf; fe;j&gd; nfhd;Wtpl
,uz;lhktdhd tprpj;jputPhpad; gl;lj;Jf;F te;jhd;. ,td; mk;gpif>
mk;ghypif vd;w ,uz;L kidtpkhiu itj;jpUe;jhd;;. ,Ue;Jk;
mtd; gps;isapy;yhky; ,we;JNghf> mts; jha; jdJ %j;j
GU\dpd; kfd; Ntjtpahrd; vd; w Kdptidf; nfhz; L >
,Ungz; f isAk; Gzur; n ra; j hs; . ,jdhy; mk; g pif FUl; L
jpUjuhl;bdidg; ngw;W vLf;f> mk;ghypif ghz;Litg; ngw;W
vLj; j hs; . Ntjq; f is vy; y hk; tFj; j jhy; Ntjtpahrd; vd; w
ngaiug;ngw;W ghujf; fijia vOjpaJld;> Ie;jhk; Ntjkhf
khw;wpa ,e;j KdptH> mk;ghypifapd; jhjpAld; GzHe;J tpJud;
cUthdhd;.
ghz; L Tk; ,uz; L ngz; l hl; b fshff; Fe; j p> khjphp vd
,Utiuf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;. Fe;jp jpUkzj;jpd; Kd;Ng mJTk; fhJ
fd;dj;jpd; topahf> fHzidg; ngw;nwLj;jhs;. ek;gpj; njhiyAq;fs;.
mj;Jld; mij kiwj;J gr;irf; Foe;ijiaf; iftpl;lhs;. fhl;by;
Ntl;ilahlr; nrd;w ghz;L ,uz;L khd;fs; GzUk;NghJ mjd;
kPJ mk;G nrYj;jpdhd;. mq;F GzHe;J nfhz;bUe;jJ khWNtlk;
nfhz;l KdpAk; kidtpAkhk;. ,jdhy;jhd; ,d;iwa ePyg;glq;fs;
kpUfj;Jld; GzHtij [dehafg; gz;ghlhf;fpg; glkhf;Ffpd;wdNuh?!
ghz;L tPrpa mk;igf; fz;L Nfhgk; nfhz;l KdptH rhgk;
Nghl;lhuhk;. eP cd; kidtpiaj; njhl;lhy; kz;il ntbj;JtpLk;
vd;W. ,jdhy; fhl;by; thoj; njhlq;fpa ghz;L> xUehs; khjphp
kPJ Nkhfk; nfhz;L njhl ghz;L kz;il ntbj;J tpLfpd;wJ.
,jdhy; nfhs;sp itf;f gps;isaw;w epiyapy;> Fe;jp vkjHkidAk;>
thAgfthidAk;> ,e;jpuidAk;> GzHe;J KiwNa jUkidAk;>
gP k idAk; > mUr; R didAk; ngWfpd; w hs; . kw; i wa ,uz; l htJ
ngz;lhl;b ~~khjphp> mRtpdp Njtijfs; %yk; fUTw;W eFyd;>
rfhNjtHfis <d;wjhf kfhghuj;jpy; fhzKbAk.;||11 ahH ,e;j
mRtpdpfs;?
170
gp. ,uahfud;
mRtpdpfs; vd;w flTspd;; gpwg;ig tp\;ZGuhzj;jpy; ,Ue;J

ghHg;Nghk;. ~~#hpaDf;Fr; rg;[;Qhtpy; Kjypy; kD> akd;> akp vd
%d;W Foe;ijfs; gpwe;jdH. mjw;Fg; gpwF #hpa xspiaj; jhq;f
,ayhky; rg;[;Qh> mtUf;Fg; gzptpil nra;a rhahit mkHj;jp
tpl;Lf; fhl;Lf;Fr; nrd;W jtk; nra;jhs;. ngz; Fjpiuapd; Ntlk;
G+z;Nl mts; jtk; nra;jhs;. #hpad; mRt (Fjpiu) tbtk; G+z;L
mq;Nf nrd;whH. mq;Nf itj;J me;jf; Fjpiufs; ,ize;jd
mg;gbg; gpwe;j Gjy;tHfNs mRtpdp FkhuHfs;.||11
,e;j Ithpy; mUr;Rdd; ge;jak; xd;wpy; jpnusgjp vd;w
ngz;iz ntd;W vLj;jijj; njhlHe;J> mtis ItUk; jkJ
ghypay; Njitf;Fg; gad;gLj;jpdH. ,tHfspilNa ,Ue;j Nghl;biaj;
jzpf; f Ntjtpahrd; Mz; L f; F xUtH mtis itj; j pUf; f
MNyhrid $wpdhd;. Ithpd; ghypay; Njitiag; G+Hj;jp nra;Ak;
nghJkfspH vd; g jhy; > mtisj; Jzpe; J ge; j aj; j py; gzak;
itj;jdH. Kd;G ge;jaj;jpy; ntd;w mg;ngz;iz NtW ,lj;jpy;
itj;jNghJ Njhw;fpd;wdH. mtis ntd;wtHfs; nghJtpgr;rhuj;jpy;
chpe;J ghHf;f> ,g;gb $wpa tuyhw;iwj; jhz;;b ve;j ,lj;jpYk;
mg;gb chpe;j Mjhuj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy> ghz;ltHfs; Aj;jk;
kw;Wk; kuigj; jhz;b> mepahakhff; fpU\;zdpd; rjp cgNjrk;
%yk; elj;jpa Aj;jj;jpy; ghHg;gdpa Mjpf;fj;ij epiyepWj;j>
chpe;j tuyhW Gjpjhff; fPijapy; ,izf;fg;gl;lNj.
,q;F fPijNa GidthdJjhd;. Mdhy; jpnusgjp chpe;j
fij ,ilr; nrUfyhf Kd;ida Gidtpy; ,izf;fg;gl;lJ. gyH
Kd;dpiyapy; chpe;jNghJ> Kd;G nghJ tpgr;rhuj;jpy;> ge;jaj;jpy;
ntd;w chpikAld;; mDgtpj;jtHfs;> xU ngz;Zf;F elf;Fk;
mepahakhf ve;j epiyapYk; vjpHj;J Nghuhl Kidatpy;iy.
ngz; - Mzpd; jdpg; g l; l ge; j ar; nrhj; J vd; w Mzhjpf; f
mbg;gilapy;> chptijg; ghHj;J epd;wdH. ,q;F ahUk; ePjpiaf;
Nfhutpy;iy.
,e;jj; jpnusgjp ghz;ltUld; tho;e;j fhyj;jpy; fHzDld;
cwT nfhs;sj; Jbj;jij> fz;zd; vd;w mLj;j Mzhjpf;fthjp
ghz;lthplk; $wpajhfg; ghz;ltH tuyhW $WfpwJ. gP\;kid
Neub Aj;jj;jpy; nty;y Kbahj mUr;Rdd;> rpfz;b vd;w mypg;
ngz;iz> Kd; epWj;jp (,q;F ngz;fs; Aj;jj;jpy; gzak; itg;gJ
epfo;fpd;wJ)> mjd; kiwtpy; epd;W rjp %yk; nfhd;whd;. ,g;gb
gp. ,uahfud;
171
epiwa tuyhw;W NkhrbNa ePjp E}yhf ,Ug;gJk;> ,e;J tpsf;f

E}yhf ,Ug;gJk;> ,itfis ek;GtJk; r%f Kl;lhs;j;jdj;ijf;
fhl;Lfpd;wJ. fhl;bf; nfhLg;Gk;> rjpAk;> NkhrbAk; nfhz;l ,e;jg;
ghz; l tH tuyhw; W eP j p> ,d; W ehl; i l Vfhjpgj; j paj; j plk;
jhiuthHf;Fk;> Mzhjpf;f ,e;J thduq;fspd; nraiy kiwKfkhf
Cf;Ftpj;J epw;fpd;wJ.
ghujg; Nghhpd; tpisTgw; w pa mUr; R ddpd; fz; N zhl; l k;
Kw;whf Mzhjpf;fk; nfhz;ljhf ntspg;gLfpd;wJ.
~~mjHk;khgpgthy; f;U\;z! g;uJ\;ae;jp Fy];j;hPa
];jhP\PJ];lh]P thH\;Nza! [haNjtHz]q;fu||35
- vd;w $w;wpd; mHj;jk; ~~fz;zh> mjHkk; #o;tjdhy; Fyg;
ngz;fs; nfl;Lg; NghfpwhHfs;. tU\;zp Fyj; Njhd;wNy> ngz;fs;
nfLtjdhy; tUzf; Fog;gk; cz;lhfpwJ||35 vd;W $Wk;NghJ>
tUzf; fyg;igAk;> ngz;zpd; fw;igAk; Fwpj;Nj ftiyg;gLfpd;whd;>
,jdhy; mikjpia tpUk;Gfpd;whd;. ,NjNghy; tHf;f Kuz;ghlw;w>
mikjpahd> Ruz;liy elj;j tpUk;GNthUk;> nrhj;J rpijitj;
jLf;fTk;> Mzhjpf;fr; rpijitj; jLf;fTk; vd rKjhaj;jpd;
#iwahly;fs; kPNj> jdpkdpj chpikfisg; Ngz Kidfpd;wdH.
ghHg;gdpak; jdJ vjphpfis ,l;L gftj; fPijapy; mtHfspd;
gpwg;ig ,opTgLj;jpNa rhgk; ,Lfpd;wJ.
~~jhdk; j;tp\j f;&uhd; ]k;]hNu\P euhakhdd;
f\ghk;g [l;uk]Pghdh ]PhP\;Ntt Nahdp\P||35
- ,jd; mHj;jk; ~~vd;idg; giff;Fk; nfhbNahiu- cyfj;jpd;
vy; y hhpYk; filg; g l; l ,e; j f; fP o ; k f; f is ehd; vg; N ghJk;
mRuNahdpfspy; gpwf;Fk;gb vwpfpNwd;|| 35 vd;W ,ope;j rhjpfis
Mzhjpf; f tf; f puj; J ld; cUthf; f pa
rhjpj; j pkpiu ,J
ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. flTs;fspd; ,e;jj; jpkpHg; gpbj;j rhgq;fs;
vy;yhk; ep[ cyf Mzhjpf;fg; ghHg;gdpaj; jpkpHfs;jhd;. ,e;jj;
jpkphpy; gpjw; W tijg; ghHg; N ghk; ; . kWgpwtpapy; fub> rpq; f k;
Kjypatw; w pd; Nahdpfspy; gpwf; f g; gz; Z Ntd; vd; W $wj;
jaq;ftpy;iy. ,ij NkYk; ghHg;Nghk;;.
~~M]PhPk; Nahdpkhghd;dh %lh [d;kdp [d;kdp
khkg;uhg;iat fTe;Nja! jNjhahe;j;a akhk; fjp||35
172
gp. ,uahfud;
- ,jd; mHj;jk; ~~Fe;jpapd; kfNd> gpwg;GNjhWk; mRuf;

fUf;fspy; Njhd;Wk; ,k;%lH> vd;id va;jhkNy xd;Wf;nfhd;W
kpfTk; fPohd gpwtpia milfpwhHfs;||35 vd;W mUr;RdDf;Ff;
$Wk;NghNj> rhjpaj;ijf; fl;bf;fhf;f gpwg;ig mbg;gilahff;
nfhs;s> Mzhjpf;fj;ij MAjkhff; ifahs;tijf; fhzKbfpd;wJ.
fpU\;zdpd; fPij> ngz;fs; kPjhd Nrl;ilfis
epahag;gLj;Jk; Mzhjpf;f ePjp E}yhFk;. fPijapy; kdpjdhy;
,opthf;fg;gl;l gpwg;Gfisnahl;ba #j;jpuq;fspy;> ~~ngz;fSk;>
itrpaHfSk;> #j;jpuHfSk; ght NahdpfspypUe;J gpwe;jtHfs;||23
vd;W Mzhjpf;fj; jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik rhjpaf; fl;likg;igNa rKjha
kakhf;Ffpd;wJ. Ie;jhtJ Ntjkhff; fUjg;gLk; kfhghujj;jpy;
fpU\;zdpd; fhjypfspy; Kjd;ik ngw;w ,uhjh ,uhghzdpd;
kidtpahthH. ,e;j ,uhghzd; Guhzf; fijfspd;gb fpU\;zdpd;
khkh MthH. ,NjNeuk; gy fhjypfis itj; j pUe; j hH. ,e; j
vz;zpf;if 16>108 NgH vd;Wk; Foe;ijfs; 1>80>000 vd;Wk; fpU\;zd;
fij $Wfpd;wJ. ,jpy; 16>000 Ngiu xNu ehspy; kze;jtd;.
mjhtJ gpuN[hjp\ kd; d id Aj; j j; j py; ntd; w NghJ> mtd;
muz; k idapy; ,Ue; j ngz; f isj; jdJ kidtpahf; f patd; .
ngz;fisr; rpiwkPl;L tpLtpj;J tpltpy;iy. mtHfis kPz;Lk;
ghypay; mbikahf;fpatNd ,e;j Mzhjpf;f tf;fpuf; flTs;
fpU\;zd;. ,e;jg; ghypay; $j;Jfis ~,uhryPiy| vd ,e;Jkjk;
Nghw;Wfpd;wJ. ,e;jf; fhjy; $j;Jfis ,e;J kjk; flTspd;
ghyhdJ vd;W $wp epahag;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. Njtp kfhghftjk; (];fe;jk;
10> mj;22 ,y;) ~~Nfhgpfisj; jOtpf; nfhQ;RtJ> Nfhgpfspd;
iffs;> khHGfs;> njhilfs; ,tw;wpidj; jltp fhkntwp Cl;LtJ>
cly; cwT itj;J ,d;gk; gUFtJ fpU\;zg; gukhj;khtpd;
nja;tPf yPyh tpNdhjq;fs;||27 vd;W ,e;J kjk; epahag;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
,d; W gpd; e tP d j; J t tf; f puthjpfspd; %j; j je; i jAk;
topfhl;bAk; fpU\;z yPiyahFk;. ,e;jf; fpU\;zd; Rrpyh vd;w
Nfhgpiaf; fz;L fhkk; nfhz;L> jdJ kidtp ,uhjh mUfpy;
,Ue;Jk; mtSld; Mghrkhf ele;J cwT nfhz;lhH. ,Jjhd;
,e;J kjj;jpd; Mzhjpf;f KfkhFk;. cz;ikapy; fw;gidfis
xUq; f ikj; j ,e; J kjk; > Mzhjpf; f mbikfshfg; ngz;
nja;tq;fis khw;wp fpU\;zDf;Ff; fl;lhaj; jpUkzk; nra;J
itj;jjd; %yk;> Mzhjpf;fr; rKjhaj;jpy; ngz;nja;t topghLfis
gp. ,uahfud;
173
cUthf; f Kbe; j J. tpjHg ehl; L kd; d uhd gP \ ; k d; jd; k fs;

Uf; k zpia (,ts; ~gl; l kfp\p| vd; W miof; f g; g l; l hs; . ,e; j
tlnkhopr; nrhy; y pd; mHj; j k; vUik khlhFk; . )
rpRghyd;
kd;dDf;Fj; jpUkzk; Kbf;f ,Ue;j Neuk;> fpU\;zd; mq;F
te;J me;jg; ngz;izf; flj;jpr; nrd;whH. fpU\;zdpd; mj;ijkfs;
kpj;ugpe;jhit mtspd; Rak;tu kz;lgj;jpy; itj;J J}f;fp nrd;W
GzHe;jJld; jdJ kidtpahf;fpdhd;. ,JNghy; kj;uh ehl;lurd;
gphpfj;Nrddpd; kfs; yf;\;kdhitr; Rak;tu kz;lgj;jpy; ,Ue;J
J}f; f pr; nrd; W kze; j td; . ,g; g b gy Mzhjpf; f g; ghypay;
td;KiwfisAk;> flj;jy;fisAk; nra;jtd; flTshf ,Ug;gJ
GjpHmy;y. fhuzk; ,e;J kjNk Mzhjpf;f kjky;yth. ,e;jf;
fpU\;zdpd; MNyhridapd; ngahpy; mHr;Rdd; Rgj;jpiuiag;
gyhj;fhukhff; flj;jpr; nrd;whd;. Fg;[h vd;w thrid jputpak;
G+Rk; ngz;izAk; jdJ mjpfhuk; %yk; GzHfpd;whd;. ,e;jf;
fpU\;zd; NfhgpiffSld; eldkhLtJ> ngz;fs; Fspf;Fk; ,lj;jpy;
Jzpiaj; jpUb ,urpg;gJ vd;W gy mw;Gjq;fisr; nra;jtH.
mjhtJ ngz;fs; ejpapy; epHthzkhff; Fspf;Fk; tof;fj;ijr;
rhjfkhff; nfhz;L> ngz;fspd; cLg;Gfisj; jpUb kuj;jpd; Nky;
itj;jgb> xt;nthU ngz;zhf epHthzkhf te;J ifNae;jpf; Nfhu
Ntz;Lk; vd;W flTs; fpU\;zd; Nfhhp> mij eilKiwg;gLj;jp
ngz; f is tf; f pukhf ,urpj; j td; . ,ij ,e; J jHkk; vg; g b
epahag;gLj;Jfpd;wJ vdg; ghHg;Nghk;.
~~GdpjHfs;> rhJf;fs; - JwT Nkw;nfhz;l hp\pfs; - Vd;>
nja; t q; f s; $l mtHfspd; Ke; j pa gpwtpfspy; fpU\; z dplk;
gpuhHj;jpj;J mtdplkpUe;J> mtHfl;F kpf kpf neUf;fkhd ,izT
mtd; jUtjhf cWjpnkhop ngw;wdH. ghypay; tpisahl;iltpl
mjpfkhd neUf;fkhd cwitj; je;Jtpl KbAkh? vdNt> mLj;j
gpwtpapy; mtHfs; midtUk; Nfhgpfshfg; gpwg;ngLf;FkhW Nfl;Lf;
nfhz; l dH.|| 23 ,g; g bj; j hd; fpU\; z dpd; ghypay; tf; f puq; f s;
epahag;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,d;iwa rpdpkhtpy; ngz;fs; Fspf;Fk;
fhl;rpfs;> kw;Wk; miuFiw Mil mtpo;g;Gf; fhl;rpfspd; je;ij
fpU\;zdhf ,Ug;gJ mjpraky;y.
ngz;fspd; cWg;Gfis tf;fhpj;Jf; fhl;Lk; Mzhjpf;fk;>
mij ,urpf;f ngz;iz kPs epHthzkhf;Ffpd;wJ. fpU\;zdpd;
kidtpahd [hk;gtjp> [hk;gthd; vd;w Fuq;fpd; Gjy;tpahFk;.
174
gp. ,uahfud;
,g;gb flTshd fpU\;zd; kpUfj;Jldhd GzHr;rp> ngz;fisf;

ftHe;J nry;tJ> Fspf;Fk; ,lj;jpy; Nrl;il tpLtJnkd Mzhjpf;f
tf;fpuj;ijg; Nghw;WtNj ,e;J kjk;jhd;. ,e;jg; ghypay; tf;fpuj;jpy;
vg;gbf; fpU\;zd; <Lgl;lhd; vdg; ghHg;Nghk;. ~~... gpwF fpU\;zd;
NkypUe;J khwpa Kiwapy; ,uhjh fytp nra;jhs;... ,uhijAld;
yPiyapy; <Lgl;ljdhy; gpw NfhgpaUf;F mePjp nra;J tpl;ljhf
,g;nghOJ fz;zd; czHe;jhd;. me;jf; NfhgpaUk; ,uhijiag;
NghyNt mtdplk; kpFe; j <LghL nfhz; b Ue; j dH. Mifahy;
G+q;fhtpy; mtHfisf; fz;L jpUg;jpgLj;j Ntz;Lnkd;W nrd;whd;.
me;jf; NfhgpaH 9>00>000 NgH MtH. mj;jid NgiuAk; nkhj;jkhfj;
jpUg;jpgLj;jpl mtDk; 9>00>000 Mltuhf khwpdhd;... xNu Neuj;jpy;
18>00>000 NgH fytpapy; <Lgl;l fhl;rpia me;j ee;jtdk; fhl;baJ.
gpd; d H mJ (me; j E}y; ) > $l; L f; f ytpapd; fspkaf; f j; i j
tpthpf;fpd;wJ... gpd;dH> midj;Jf; Nfhgpahpd; jiyikf; FUthdtH
vz;zw;w tbtq;fis vLj;J mtHfs; midtiuAk; jpUg;jpgLj;Jk;
tifapy; mtHfNshL cly; cwT nfhz; l hH. X> ehujh!..
mtHfSila nfhq; i ffspy; fpU\; z d; efq; f shy; fP w pdhd; .
mtHfSila jpz;nzd;w Gl;lq;fspYk; gw;Fwp - eff;Fwp gjpj;jhd;.
mk;kz epiyapy; mtHfs; mofhff; fhl;rpaspj;jdH.||23 ghypay;
Mzhjpf;f tf;fpuj;jpd; vy;iy kPwpa tpthpg;Gjhd; ,J.
$l;Lf;fytp> ngz; tpLjiy (ngz; GzHe;jhy;) vd;w ,d;iwa
Nfh\j;Jf;Ff; FU fpU\;zd;jhd;. mtd;jhd; ,ijg; ngz; tpLjiy
jj;Jtj;jpd; tpLjiyahf ,d;W fhl;Ltjw;Fk;> ,J jdpkdpjr;
Rje; j puj; j pd; chpik vd; W ,d; W fhl; L fpd; w $j; J fspd;
fs;sg;GU\d; Mthd;. ngz;fspd; cly;fisg; gpuhz;bf; fbj;J
elj;Jk; ,d;iwa Mzhjpf;f tf;fpu td;Kiwapd; FUehjUk; ,tNu.
ngz;fisg; gftj;fi
P j %yk; ,opTgLj;jTk; gpd;epw;ftpy;iy. mijf;
fpU\;zd; jd; thahy; $Wfpd;whd;.
~~khk; `p ghHj;j! t;ahgh];hpj;a
Na gp];A+ ghgNahia
];jhPNah it];a];jjh]Pj;u
];Njgp ahe;jp guhk;fjp|| 35
,jd; mHj; j k; ~~mHr; R dh! ngz; f Nsh> itrpaHfNsh>
#j;jpuHfNsh> ePr Fyj;jpy; gpwe;jtHfNsh vtuhdhYk; vd;idg;
gzpthuhapd; mtHfs; gufjpia miltH||35
gp. ,uahfud;
175
- vd;W ngz;fisj; jho;e;j rhjpf;F> jho;j;jg;gl;L ,opT

gLj;Jtijf; flTs; nra;aj; jtwtpy;iy. ,e;j ,ope;j flTs;fis
topgLtJ rKjhaj;jpd; mwptw;w ,opepiyahy;jhNd xopa> mwptpay;
G+Htkhf my;y.
~~jPuhj tpisahl;Lg; gps;is - fz;zd;
njUtpy; ngz;fSf;F Xahj njhy;iy||
- vd;W $wp epahag;gLj;Jk;NghJ> ngz;fs; kPjhd Mz;fspd;
Mzhjpf;fr; Nrl;ilfs; tiuKiwapd;wp mq;ff
P hpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,d;W
tP j papy; ngz; f s; nry; Y k; N ghJ> Fuq; F fshff; Fe; j papUf; F k;
Mzhjpf;ff; Fuq;Ffspd; Nrl;il vy;iyaw;w Jd;gj;ijf; nfhz;lit
vd;gijg; ngz;fs; mwptH. Mdhy; ,e;Jkjk; ,ij mq;fPfhpf;fpd;wJ.
,e;jf; fpU\;zd; tpufj; jhgj;ijf; NfhgpfSf;F Vw;gLj;jp
tpl;Lj; jpBH vd kiwe;jhdhk;. mtHfs; jkJ fhkj;ijj; jPHf;f
kuq; f isf; fl; b g; gpbj; j duhk; ; . kuq; f s; ngaHfisf; $l
,e;Jkjj;jpd; fPij Kd;itf;fpd;wJ. mjhtJ ,d;iwa b];Nfhtpy;
ngz;fs; jbiar; Rw;wpahLk; tf;fhpj;j Ml;lj;jpd; je;ijkhHfs;
,ij vOjpa ghHg;gdHfs;jhd;. mth;fs; jkJ kd tf;fpuj;ij
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L
,urpj;J Kd;itj;j fPijia> ,d;W
mNj fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; gbf;fpd;wdH. mLj;J ,jpy; Xupdr; NrHf;ifia
vg;gb fPij mq;fPfhpj;J Kd;itf;fpd;wJ vdg; ghHg;Nghk;;. fhkj;ijg;
Nghf;fhJ fpU\;zd; kiwe;jikahy;> kuj;ijf; fl;bg;gpbj;Jk;
Kbahikahy;> rpy Nfhgpfs; fpU\;zdpd; gq;ifj; jhNknaLj;J>
GzHr;rpnra;J ny];gpadhf khwpg; GzHe;jdH. me;jg;Gug; ngz;fs;
kj;jpapy; ngz;fspd; Xupdr; NrHf;if czHT vg;gb xU nghJg;
gz;ghf ,Ue;jNjh> mijNa mofhff; fPij vLj;Jitj;J epahag;
gLj;Jfpd;wJ. muz;kidfspy; kd;dHfs; ngz;fis Mapuf;fzf;fpy;
milj; J itj; J > jkJ ,r; i riaj; jP H j; j gpd; tplg; g Lk;
Mapuf; f zf; f hd ngz; f s; ghypay; Xupdr; N rHf; i f nfhs; t J
vjhHj; j khfpd; w J. ,J epue; j u ,uhZtj; j py; Mzpd; Xupdr;
NrHf;ifahf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,d;iwa Xupdr;NrHf;ifapd; je;ijahff;
fPij Nghd;w Guhzq;fs; topfhl;Lfpd;wd. ,e;j ,e;Jkjj;jpd; fPij
ngz;fis ,opTgLj;jpaJ.
~~f;U`];Nd` tgj;jdk; eudk; my;gNkj]k;
F];jphP flhj;jp kk;]dp kfhkN] ftk; ,th||23
176
gp. ,uahfud;
- ,jd; mHj;jk; ~~tPl;bw;Fs;NsNa jd;id milj;J itj;Jf;

nfhs;Sfpw xU nfl;l kidtpahdts;> ~kfh| khjj;jpy; gRf;fspd;
jiria cz;Ztijg;Nghy> jd; fztdpd; jiriaj;
jpd;Dfpd;whs;.||23 ghypay; hPjpahf Mz;fsplk; jg;gpg; gpioj;J
jd;idg; ghJfhj;J thOk; ngz;zpd; ,Ug;igf; Nftykhf;fpa
ghHg;gdpak;> khl;L ,iwr;rpiaj; jpd;gNjhL xg;gpl;Lf; Nftyg;
gLj;Jfpd;wJ. mjhtJ md;W ghHg;gdH cs;spl;L khl;L ,iwr;rpia
cz;Lte;j fhyj;jpy;> ,jw;F vjpuhf Mjpf;fk; ngw;Wte;j r%f
eilKiw czHTld; xg;gpl;Nl ngz;izf; Nftyg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ
fPij. fztdpd; tphpe;j Mzhjpf;fr; r%f cyfj;Jf;Fk;> tPl;by;
mile;J thOk; ngz;zpd; r%f czHTf;Fk; ,ilapy; Vw;gLk;
Kuz;ghl;il mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L> ngz; fztdpd; jiriaj;
jpd;gjhff; fhl;b xg;gpl;L ,opTgLj;jpNa fPij Mzhjpf;fj;ijg;
Nghjpf;fpd;wJ.
gps;isahH tuyhW ngz;fs; kPJ rptngUkhd; Kjy; nfhz;L
flTs; f spd; Nrl; i lfshy; cUthdNj. ,e; j g; gps; i sahiuf;
nfhz;Nl ,d;W kjj;jpd; ngahpy; Mapuf;fzf;fhd kf;fs; gLnfhiy
nra;ag;gLfpd;wdH. gps;isahH gpwg;G tpaf;fj;jf;f Mzhjpf;fg;
ghypay; tf; f puq; f s; gy nfhz; l J> gygpwg; G tuyhw; i wAk;
nfhz;ljhFk;. mitfisg; ghHg;Nghk;.
1. rptkfhGuhzj;jpy;> ghHtjpahH Fspf;fg;NghdNghJ cs;Ns
ahUk; tuhJ ,Uf;f> jdJ clypy; ,Ue;j Cj;ijiag; (mOf;F)
gpuhz;b mjw;F capH nfhLj;J> mijf; fhty; itj;Jtpl;Lr;
nrd;whH. rptngUkhd; te;J cs;NsNghf Kw;gl;lNghJ
rptngUkhDf; F k; > gps; i sahUf; F k; Nkhjy;
Vw; g l> mjpy;
gps; i sahhpd; jiy ntl; l g; g Lfpd; w J. ckhNjtpahH jdJ
Foe; i jia ntl; b aijf; fz; L Gyk; g > rptngUkhd; ahidj;
jiyia ntl;bg; nghUj;jpajhfg; gps;isahH tuyhW $Wfpd;wJ.
,q;F nja;tkhd ckhNjtpahhpd; Fspf;Fk; miwf;Fs; NghFk;
msTf;Fj; JzpTs;stHfs; ahH? ,J Mzhjpf;f Mz; flTs;fs;
vd;gJk; njspthfpd;wJ.
vdNt> flTs;fs; Mzhjpf;fk; nfhz;lit vd;gijAk;> ngz;
nja;tq;fs; ghJfhg;gw;w vy;iyapy; tho;e;jijAk; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
ngz;fs; jkJ fw;Ghpikiag; ghJfhf;f Mz; flTs;fSld; Nghuhl
gp. ,uahfud;
177
Ntz;bapUe;jij mk;gyg;gLj;JtJld;> flTspd; ngha;ik> ePjp

mk; g ykhfpd; w J. ,e; j Mzhjpf; f Mz; nja; t q; f splk; jkJ
ghJfhg; i g Ntz; b topgLk; ngz; f s; vg; g bg; ghJfhg; i gg;
ngwKbAk; . Vnddpy; me; j j; nja; t q; f Ns gy tf; f puq; f spy;
gpwe;jJld;> fw;gopg;GfSk; $ba td;Kiwfspy; <Lgl;ltHfs;.
ngz;fs; jkJ cLg;ig khw;Wk; miwapy; itj;jpUf;Fk; Mz;
nja; t q; f Sk; rhp> J}z; J Uk; g py; ,Uf; F k; nja; t q; f Sk; rhp>
ngz;fspd; epHthzj;ij> Mzhjpf;f ,uridapy; ,urpf;fpd;wd
my;yth? ,ijj;jhd; gps;isahH fij njspthf;Ffpd;wJ. fw;gopg;G
Kjy; flTs;fspd; tf;fpuq;fs; vy;iyaw;wit. mitfs; gytw;iw
,f;fl;Liuapy; njhlHe;J ghHg;Nghk;.
2. xUehs; Mz; ahidAk;> ngz; ahidAk; GzHtijf;
fz;l rptDk; ghHtjpAk;> me;j epidtpy; mtHfs; GzHe;jjhy;
ahid Kfj;Jld; gps;isahH gpwe;jhuhk;. ,JNghy; kw;nwhU fijapy;
Rthpy; Mz; ahid> ngz; ahidiag; GzHtJ Nghd;W fPwpapUe;j
fhl;rpia ghHtjpAk; fz;L> mJNghy; rptDk; GzHe;jjhy; gps;isahH
gpwe;jhuhk;. mUtUf;fj;jf;f GzHr;rp tf;fpuj;jpy; nja;tq;fs; jphpe;jd
vd; g ijf; $Wk; N ghJ> ,e; j khjphp fw; g idfis cUthf; f pa
egHfspd; gpk; g k; gpujpgypf; f pd; w J. kpUfq; f spd; GzHr; r pfis
,urpf; F k; kdpjg; gz; G fs; kpUfj; i jtpl ,opthdit. ,jpy;
,Ue;Jjhd; tf;fpukhd ePyg;glq;fs; (Gs+gpypk;) kdpjg; GzHr;rpiaAk;
kpUfj; J ld; kdpjd; fye; j GzHr; r piaAk; rl; l g; G +HtkhfTk; >
rl;ltpNuhjkhfTk; [dehafr; re;ijapy; %yjdkhf;fpf; nfhbfl;b
gwfpd;wJ.
3. ghHtjp fUTw;W ,Uf;ifapy; rpj;Juh mRud; (,e;jpahtpd;
Mjp kf; f isf; Fwpf; F k; nrhy; ) xUtd; fhw; W tbtpy;
fHg;gg; igf;Fs;; nrd;W> gps;isahH jiyia ntl;b tpl;Lte;j
epiyapy;> ghHtjp ahidj; jiy nfhz;l f[hRud; jiyia ntl;b
xl; l itj; j jhfg; gps; i sahH tuyhW $WfpwJ. Kl; l hs; f Ns
ek;Gq;fs;! ,e;jg; GSF %l;ilia! ,iwtd; thOk; cyfpy;
mRuHfs; vg;gb tho KbAk;? ,J vg;gb kdpjDf;Fj;
njhpe;jJ?
4. jf;fDila ahfj;ij mopf;f rptd; jdJ %j;j kfid
mDg;gpajhfTk;> mq;F jf;fd; gps;isahhpd; jiyia ntl;b vwpe;j
epiyapy;> KUfd; nrd;W ghHj;jNghJ jiyiaf; fhzhjjhy;>
178
gp. ,uahfud;
ahidj; jiy xd; i w ntl; b g; nghUj; j pajhy; gps; i sahhpd;

ahid Kfk; gpwe; j fij. gpwg; G fs; tf; f puk; gpbj; J f;
fplg;gijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ahUk; ahfk; nra;jhy; mij mopg;gJ
mjHkk; my;yth? vd;d rptDf;F kl;Lkh ahfk; nra;Ak; chpik
cz;L? ,e;j chpikapd; gpwg;G vjd; mbg;gilapyhdJ? ahH
,e;j chpikiaf; nfhLj;jJ? vq;F vg;NghJ ,e;jg; gpwg;Gfs;
vy;yhk; ele;jd?
5. ~~gpbajd; cUTik nfhs kpF fhpaJ
tbnfhL jdjb topgLk; mthplH
fbfz gjptu mUspdd; kpFnfhil
tbtpdH gapy;typ tyKiw apiwNa||36
- vd;w jpUQhdrk;ge;jH Njthuk; rptd; Mz; ahidahfTk;>
ckhNjtpahH ngz; ahidahfTk; khwp GzHe;J cUthdtNu
gps;isahH vd;W gps;isahH gpwg;ig tpsf;Ffpd;wJ. ,ijNa
Rg;uNgj Mfkk; vd;w E}Yk; $Wfpd;wJ. ,e;jj; jpUQhdrk;ge;jH
ckhNjtpahhpd; ngz; cWg; G fisj; jdJ Njthuj; j py; ghba
tpjq;fs; gy tf;fpuj;ijf; nfhz;lit. ,jdhy;jhd; me;j %d;W
taJ Foe;ijf;F khHgpy; my;yhJ fpz;zj;jpy; ghy; nfhLj;jhNuh.
,e;jj; jpUQhdrk;ge;jd; rkzg; ngz;fisf; fw;gopf;f mUs; Nfhhp
~~ngz; z fj; J vopy; r hf; f pag; Nga; mkd; njd; d w; fw; g opf; f j;
jpUTs;s
; Nk|| vd;W Mzhjpf;f ,iwtid Ntz;bg; ghbatH my;yth.
,tHjhd; jdJ nrhe;j Mzhjpf;f tf;fpuj;ij kpUf epiyapy;
GzHe;J ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;whH. kdpjg; GzHr;rpiatpl kpUfg;GzHr;rp
jho; epiy tpyq;Ff;Fhpa jho;e;j epiyay;yth? ,ij ,iwtd;
nra;jhd; vd;gJk;> mijf; fw;gid gz;zpg; ghLtJk; Nftyk;nfl;l
,ope;j gz;ghlhFk;;. ,e;jj; Njthuj;ijr; nrhy;yp ehk; ghLtJk;
vkJ Kl;lhs;j;jdj;Jld; $ba mwptpd;ikapy;jhd;.
6. ghHtjp jd; cly; mOf;iff; fOtp mijf; fq;fh ejpapd;
Kfj;Jthuj;jpy; cs;s ,uhl;r\p (muf;fp) khypdpiaf; Fbf;f
itj;jjhfTk;> ,jd; fhuzkhf khypdp fHg;gk; mile;J gpwe;j
Foe;ijNa gps;isahH vd;W xU fij. vt;tsT mUtUg;igj;
jUk; gpwg;Gfs;. ,e;j khjphp cUthf;fpa gpwg;Gfs; vy;yhk; Xhpdr;
NrHf; i fapy; > mjhtJ xU ghy; cwtpy; gpwe; j jhf my; y th
,Uf; f pd; w J. Xhpdr; NrHf; i fahsHfs; ,iwtdpy; ,Ue; J k; >
,aw;iff;Fg; Gwk;ghd jkJ tf;fpuj;ij epahag;gLj;jyhk;. Mdhy;
gp. ,uahfud;
179
,e;jg; gpwg;Gfspd; tf;fpuk; vy;iyaw;w ,opTfshf ,Ug;gJ rfpf;f

Kbahjit.
7. xUehs; ghHtjp jdJ cly; mOf;ifg; gpuhz;b cUl;b
tpisahbajhfTk;> mg;NghJ me;j cly; mOf;Ff;F md;G nrhhpe;J
cap&l;bajhfTk; (rpWgps;isfs; Nghy;) mJNt gps;isahH Mdjhf
xU fij. vg;gb rptngUkhd; me;j Cj;ijf;Fj; je;ijahf KbAk;;?
xUghy; cwtpy; Foe;ij gpwf;Fk; mjprak; cyfpd; mjpraq;fshfg;
gjpahj Fw;wj;ij ,e;J Ml;rp epiwT nra;ANkh! %f;if Nehz;b>
,urpj;J cz;Zk; gz;GNghy; my;yth ,e;jg; gpwg;Gfs; mrpq;fk;
epiwe;J fplf;fpd;wd.
8. gpuk;khtpd; tHj;jg; Guhzj;jpy; fzgjp gpwg;igg; gw;wp>
rdpg;ghHit Njh\j;jhy; jiy ,y;yhJ gpwe;jjhy;> JauKw;w
ckhNjtpahhpd; Jd;gj;ijj; Jilf;f tp\;Z ahidj; jiyia
ntl;b xl;bdhuhk;;. ,J Nghy; kw;nwhU fijapy; ckhNjtpahUf;Ff;
Foe; i j gpwe; j ij mwpe; J > mtiug; ghHf; f vy; y hj; NjtUk;
te;jduhk;. mjpy; rdp NjtDk; xUtuhk;;. rdp> jhd; ghh;j;jhy;
Foe;ijf;Fj; jPJ> cz;lhFk; vd;W vz;zp ghHf;fhJ jtpj;jjhfTk;>
ckhNjtpahH mij mtkjpj;jjhf vz;z> mijj; jtpHf;f rdp
gfthd; Foe;ijiag; ghHf;f> Foe;ijapd; jiy vhpe;J Nghdjhk;.
,jdhy; ckhNjtpahH rpdk; nfhs;s> fhd;Kfd; Nghd;w NjtHfs;
rkhjhdg;gLj;jp rptd; JizAld; ahid Kfj;ijg; nghUj;jpajhy;
gps;isahuhdhH. vg;gbapUf;fpwJ ,e;jg; gpwg;gpd; gy;NtW fw;gidg;
gpjw;wy;fs;?
,e;jg; gps;isahH ,d;W kjj;jpd; Mjpf;fr; rpd;dkhfpAs;sJ.
Mapuf; f zf; f hd kf; f isg; gLnfhiy nra; A k; gytpjkhd
nfhz; l hl; l q; f isj; Njhw; W tpj; J s; s J. ,e; j f; nfhz; l hl; l k;
Mzhjpf;f ntwpaHfspd; fhkg;grpiaj; jPHf;Fk; fw;gopg;Gfisr;
nra;Ak; ClfkhfpAs;sJ. gps;isahhpd; ngahpy; nra;Ak; rJHj;jp
,d; W kjf; fytuj; j pd; J}z; L Nfhyhf khwpAs; s J. rJHj; j p
ehd;fhtJ jpjp (ehyhk; rlq;F) vd;gJ jpUkzj;jpd; gpd; kzkfDk;
kzkfSk; clYwitf; Fwpj;Jf; $Lk; ehisf; Fwpj;J cUthdJ.
Mdhy; ,d; W > kjj; j pd; ngahpy; elf; F k; fytuj; j py; epfOk;
fw;gopg;Gfs; gps;isahhpd; gpwg;igg; Nghy; tf;fhpj;N;j epfo;fpd;wJ.
,e;jpahtpy; rpjk;guk; NfhapypYk;> gpw Ch;j; NjH rpw;gq;fspYk;
gps;isahH jdJ Jk;gpf;ifia xU ngz;zpd; ngz; cWg;gpDs;
180
gp. ,uahfud;
tpl;L> J}f;fp itj;jpUg;gJ Nghd;w fhl;rpfspd; gpd; vOk; Mzhjpf;f

tf;fpuk;> kdpjg; gz;ghl;ilNa tf;fhpj;Jf; Nfyp nra;fpd;wJ. ,jw;F
xU fijahf mRu ];jphp> mRuHfis mopf;f> mopf;fj; njhlHe;J
cw;gj;jp nra;jjhy;> mijj; jLf;f Jk;gpf;ifia tpl;Lf; fHg;gj;ij
cwpQ;rp vLj;jjhfg; ghHg;gdpa tf;fpuk; $Wfpd;wJ. ,e;jpahtpd;
goq;Fb kf;fis te;NjW Fbfshd ghHg;gdHfs; mopj;jNghJ>
ele;j <tpuf;fkw;w nfhiyfis epahag;gLj;JtNj ,e;jf; fij.
,d;W cyfpy; nts;isapd kf;fspd; vz;zpf;if Fiwe;J nry;Yk;
vy;iyapy;> tWikiaf; fhuzk; fhl;bj; jpl;lkpl;Lf; fUj;jil>
fUmopg;G nra;tJ vy;yhk; ,J Nghd;w
Nfhl;ghl;L
mbg; g ilapy; j hd; . ngz; z pd; > ngz; cWg; G f; F s; GFtNj
Mzhjpf;fj;jpd; xNu Nehf;fk; vd;gij> ,e;jr; rpw;gq;fs; jdJ
nrhe;j tf;fpuj;jpD}lhf epHthzg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
ypq; f k; (rptypq; f k; ) gpwg; g pD}lhd topghL Mzhjpf; f
Mghrj; j pd; Njhw; w khFk; . gj; k g; Guhzk; > ru]; t jp fhz; l k;
mj;jpahak; 17 ,y;> gpuk;kh elj;jpa Nts;tpf;Fr; nrd;w rptngUkhd;
FbNghijapy; fhk tpfhuj;NjhL epHthzkhf khwp Mghrkhf ele;J
nfhz;lhuhk;. ,ijf; fz;L hp\p gj;jpdpfs; rpyH tPL Nehf;fpr;
nrd;wduhk;. rpyH rptngUkhDld; clYwT nfhz;lduhk;. ,ijf;
fz;l hp\pfs; kaq;fp tpOe;jduhk;. kaf;fk; njspe;j hp\pfs;
rgpf;f> rptngUkhdpd; Mz; cWg;G mWe;J tpo> thdk; - G+kp
mjpHr;rpapdhy; fpLfpLj;jjhk;. ,jdhy; Vw;gl;l mjpHr;rpiaj; jLf;f
ckhNjtpahH jdJ ngz; cWg;gpy; Mz; cWg;ig Ve;jp mikjpg;
gLj;jpdhuhk;. ,jdhy; me;j Mzhjpf;f ypq;fj;ij topgLfpd;wdH>
Mzhjpf;fg; gf;jpkhd;fs;.
,ijNa ypq;fg;Guhzj;jpy; hp\p xUtH tPL nrd;w rptd;>
mq;F hp\p ,y;yhj epiyapy;> mq;fpUe;j ngz;izf; fl;lhag;gLj;jp
fw;gopj;jhuhk;. ,e;jNeuk; tPL jpUk;gpa hp\p fw;gopg;gpy; <Lgl;l
rptdpd; Mz; cWg;G mWe;J tpof; flt vdr; rhgk; ,l> mJ
mWe;J tpo> ,jdhy; cyfk; mope;JtpLk; vd;W gae;j ghHtjp>
jdJ Nahdpapy; jhq;fpa me;jg; gpz;lj;ijNa topgLk; khdk;
nfl;ltHfs; ,e;Jf;fs;. fw;gopg;ig epahag;gLj;jp topgLk; Mzhjpf;f
,e;J tbtq;fs;> mjpYk; kPz;Lk; tf;fpu GzHr;rpia cUthf;fp
topgLk; gz;ghl;Lf; Nfhapy;fs; ,Uf;Fk; tiu Mzhjpf;fk; ,e;J
,uh[;[paj;jpd; nghJthd xOf;fkhf> rl;lj; jpl;lkhf ,Ug;gJ
jtpHf;fKbahJ my;yth?
gp. ,uahfud;
181
Iag;gdpd; gpwg;G tprpj;jpukhdJ. ,uz;L Mz;

flTs;fSf;fpilapy; ele;j Xhpdr; NrHf;ifapy; gpwe;j flTNs
Iag;gd; Mdhd;. flTs;fspd; Xhpdr; NrHf;iff; $j;ij> ,d;iwa
Xhpdr; NrHf;ifahsHfs; [dehafk; rhHe;j ngz;zpaf; $whff;
nfhz;lhlyhk;. Mdhy; me;j Mzhjpf;f tuyhw;iwg; ghHg;Nghk;.
gj;kh#ud; vd;gtd; rptid Nehf;fpf; fLk; jtkpUe;jjhy;>
rptd; mtd; Kd; Njhd;wp vd;d tuk; Ntz;Lk; vdf; Nfl;lhuhk;.
mtd;> ehd; ahh; jiyapy; ifitj;jhYk;> mtHfs; vhpe;J rhk;gy;
MfNtz;Lk; vd Ntz;bdhuhk;. rptd; Mfl;Lk; vd;W tuj;ij
toq;fpdhuhk;. clNd tuk; gypf;fpd;wjh vd;W ghh;f;f rptdpd;
jiyapy; ifitf;fg; Nghtjhff; $w> rptd; Xlj; njhlq;fpdhuhk;.
,ijj; njhlHe;J rptd; mope;J tpLthNuh vd;w epiyapy;> ikj;JdH
kfhtp\; Z mofpa ngz; Nkhfpdp tbtk; vLj; J mtd;
Kd;Njhd;wpdhuhk;. Nkhfpdpiaf; fz;l gj;kh#ud; mtis Nkhfpj;J
Gzuj; Jbj; j hdhk; . mjw; F kfhtp\; Z eP Rj; j khf ,y; i y>
Fspj;Jtpl;L th vd;W $w> mtd; Fspf;fj; jz;zPH Njb miye;J
jz;zPH ,y;yhj epiyapy;> vd;d nra;a vd;W Nfl;l NghJ> rpW
Fopnahd;wpy; jz;zHP cs;sJ> mjpy; ifia eidj;J cd; jiyapy;
itj;Jtpl;L th vd;W $wpdhuhk;. mtd; mg;gb nra;a mtd;
vhpe;J Nghdhd;.
kfpo; r ; r paile; j Nkhfpdp mg; g bNa rptdplk; nry; y >
Mzhjpf;fr; rptDf;F mts; Nky; Mirg;gl;L> Gzuj; Jbj;jhuhk;.
clNd kfhtp\;Z Nkhfpdp Nt\j;jpy; Xlj; njhlq;f> rptd; Juj;jpr;
nrd;W tp\;Ztpd; ifiag; gpbj;jhuhk;. tpisT ifapy; Foe;ij
xd;W cUthdjhk;. mjhtJ tof;fkhd Mzhjpf;f nkhopapy; ifapy;
Nghl;ljhy; ifag;gd; gpwe;J> mJNt gpd;dhy; Iag;gd; Mdhd;.
,ijNa NtWtpjkhff; $Wk; ,e;Jf; fijfspy;> `hpAk;
ùDk; Xhpdr; NrHf;ifahy; cUthd flTs;jhd; Iag;gd;. ,J
Nfusj;jpy; ele;j mUtUg;ghd ~~mw;Gjk;||
Mzhjpf; f tf; f puj; j py; cUthd Xhpdg; GzHr; r pia
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L cUthd ,e;Jf; fijfSk;> flTs;fisAk;
Ra mwptw;w kdpjHfs; Nghw;wp topglyhk;. Mdhy; ,e;j Mzhjpf;f
tf;fpukhd Xhpdr;NrHf;ifapd; gz;ghLfis <tpuf;fkw;w tifapy;
NjhYhpj;J NghuhlNtz;ba epiyapy; ehk; cs;Nshk;.
182
gp. ,uahfud;
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;
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kfj;ah [g;d;Nd iff NrhkDk; N]hrpNuizt fhNyd
juzPg;uGjhk; t;uN[j;||37
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183
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gNte;||37
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184
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2. g;hpahzhk; j;th: g;hpahgjpk; `thkN` (tN]hkk)
3. ejPdhk; j;th epjpgjpk; `th`kN` (Nrhkk)||37
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gp. ,uahfud;
185
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186
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187
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ehpf;Fk;> fTjkH khl;bw;Fk;> mf];jpaH Flj;jpYk;> khz;ltpaH
jtisf;Fk;> fhq;NfaH fOijf;Fk;> fTdH eha;f;Fk;> fzhjH
Nfhl;lhDf;Fk;> RfH fpspf;Fk;> [hk;Gte;jH fubf;Fk;> m];tj;jhkd;
Fjpiuf;Fk;||38 gpwe;jhf ,e;;J Guhzq;fs; $Wfpd;wd. ,e;J ghHg;gdg;
Guhz ,jpfhr ehafHfspd; jha;> mtHfis ahUld; ,ize;J
ngw; w hs; vd; g ij Mzhjpf; f mbg; g ilapy; tpsf; f Kbahj
ngz;zpd; GzHr;rp tbtj;ij> kdpjd; my;yhj kpUfg; GzHr;rpA+lhf
tpsf;fpaJ. ghpRj;j Mtp ,NaRtpd; jha; khpahtpd; tapw;wpy;
GFe;jjhy; ,NaR gpwe;jhh; vd;w Mzhjpf;f tpsf;fk;Nghy;> ,e;j
tpsf;fk; kpUfg; GzHr;rpahf;fptpLtjpy;> jdJ Mzhjpf;f tpsf;fj;ij
,e;J kjkhf;fpaJ. ghypay; neUf;fbahy; Mz;fs;> ngz;fs; kpUfg;
GzHr;rpapy; <LgLtJ ,d;iwa vjhHj;jk;;. mz;ikapy; gpuQ;R
njhiyf;fhl;rp epfo;r;rpapy; ebifaplk; Nfl;l Nfs;tp> ePq;fs; tsHg;G
188
gp. ,uahfud;
Fuq;fpd; Kfk; Vd; ,g;gb NghdJ njhpAkh? ,e;J kj

tpsf;fj;ijg; ghHg;Nghk;;. ,uhkid topgLk; mDkhdpd; topapy;
te;j Fuq;F xd;W> xUehs; #hpadpd; nre;epwj;ijf; fz;L> mij
xU gokhff; fUjp> mjd; kP J gha> mJ Kfj; i jr; Rl; L g;
nghrpf;fptpl Fuq;fpd; Kfk; nghRq;fptpl;ljhk;. ghtk; Fuq;Fk; ,e;J
gf; j HfSk; . mDkhid topgl; l ,e; J gf; j Hfspd; Kl; l hs; j ;
jdky;yth ,q;F re;jp rphpf;fpd;wJ.
nts;isf;fhud; gpwg;ig xl;b ,e;Jkjk; ~~ey;y Foe;ij
gpwf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W xU gpuhkzd; jtk; ,Uf;fpd;whd;. cdf;F
ey;y Foe;ij gpwf;Fk; vd;W nrhy;yp flTs; mtDf;F tuk;
gp. ,uahfud;
189
nfhLf;fpd;whH. xU ngz;NzhL NrHe;jhy;jhd; Foe;ij gpwf;Fk;.

NtW xd;Wk; top fpilahJ. flTspd; MrPHthjj;jhy; tpe;J tope;J
mtd; ,Ue;j ,lj;jpNyNa fPNo tpOe;J tpLfpd;wJ. xU nfhf;F
mij vLj;J rhg;gpl;Ltpl;lJ. me;jf; nfhf;fpd; tapw;wpy; gpwe;jjdhy;
ntz;fhypad;. nfhf;F nts;isahf ,Ug;gjhy; nts;isf;fhud;>
nts;isahf ,Uf;fpd;whd;.||28
vg;gb ,Uf;fpd;wJ ,e;Jkjg; Gul;Lfs;. Mzhjpf;fg; ghypay;>
Mz; f spd; tpfhukhd Nghf; i fAk; mjd; nfhg; g spg; i gAk;
fhl;Lfpd;wd.
ehlhH rhjp kf;fisg; ghHg;gdpak; ,e;Jkjj;Jf;F khw;wpaNghJ>
mbj;jl;L kf;fspd; topghl;Lf; flTs;fisAk; GzHe;J cwTfis
cUthf;fpdH. ,e;jtifapy; gj;jpufhspapd; Njhw;wKk;
tpfhukhf;fg;gl;lJ. gid rhHe;J ciog;gpy; tho;e;j kf;fs;> jhk;
topgl;l flTSf;Fg; gidia xl;b gj;jpufhsp vd;w ngaiu
itj;jdH. ,e;j tifapy; ehlhH rhjp kf;fspd; gpwg;ig xl;b
~~kfhtp\;Z> tpj;jpahju KdptH Ntlkpl;L VO fd;dpfisg; GzHe;J
mjpy; gpwe; j Foe; i jfSk; > mtHfSila thhpRfSk; jhd;
ehlhHfs;... mz;zdhfpa kfhtp\;Ztpd; Ntz;LNfhSf;F ,zq;f
jq;if gj;jpufhspahy; tsHf;fg;gl;l...||28 kf;fs;jhd; ehlhH vd;W
flTs;fspd; tpsf;fq;fisf; Nfl;f Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,e;Jg; gpwg;gpy;
gpwe;jjhff; $Wk; ehlhH rhjp kf;fs; kPJ jpUtpjhq;$H muR
jiythp> Kiythp vd vz;zw;w thpfis tpjpj;jJ. mjhtJ
khHig kiwg;gjw;Fk; thp. thpfl;lKbahjtHfs; khHig kiwf;f
KbahJ. ,J Mzhjpf;f ,e;J rhjpr; rl;lkhf ,Ue;jJ.
gjptpuijahtjw;;Fg; ngz;fs; nra;aNtz;baJ> flTs;fspd;
fhkf; fw;gopg;GfSf;F vjpHg;gpd;wp ,zq;fpg; NghtjhFk;. flTshd
,e;jpud; mfypifiaf; fw;gopj;jij epahag;gLj;jp> mfypifiag;
gjptpuij Mf;fpaJ ,e;Jkjk;. ,e;jpudpd; thhpRfshd ghHg;gdHfspd;
fw;gopg;Gf;Fg; ngz;fs; ,zq;fp gha; tphpj;jhy;> cyfk; Nghw;Wk;
fw;Gf;furpahf KbAk;. mijg; ghHg;gdpa Mzhjpf;f ,yf;fpak;
GfOk;. ngz;fNs vd;d nra;ag; Nghfpd;wPHfs;? vjpHj;J epw;f
Nghfpd;wPHfsh? my;yJ ,zq;fpg;Nghfg; Nghfpd;wPHfsh? kidtpiaf;
$l;bf; nfhLg;gJk; gjptpuijf;F caH gz;ghlhFk;. ,aw;gif
ehadhH jdJ kidtpiaNa $l;bf; nfhLj;jjhy; 63 ehad; khHfspy;
xUtuhdhH. ,ij ePq;fs; nra;ag; Nghfpd;wPHfsh? ngz;fs; ,jw;F
190
gp. ,uahfud;
,zq;fg; Nghfpd;wPHfsh? ,d;W Njrq;fis Vfhjpgj;jpaj;Jf;Ff;

$l; b f; nfhLf; F k; Mzhjpf; f j; jdpr; nrhj; J hpik muRfis
nksdkhf mDkjpf;f Nghfpd;N;whkh? rpe;jpAq;fs; vijr; nra;ag;
Nghfpd;Nwhk;?
ngz;fs; Vd; G+r;#Lfpd;wdH njhpAkh? Mz;fspd; fhkj;Jf;F>
ngz; f s; jhq; f shfNt jphptjhff; fhl; b > mjw; F j; Jiz
Nghtjw;FNk. ,e;jpag; gz;ghl;bd; rpd;dkhff; fhl;Lk; ngz;fspd;
jiyapy; itf;Fk; G+> Mz;fspd; fhkj;ijj; J}z;Lk; XH ClfkhFk;.
ky;ypif> Ky;iyg; G+ fhkj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; kzk; nfhz;lJ vd;w
mbg; g ilf; fhuzj; i jf; nfhz; N l> mit ngz; f s; jiyapy;
mzptpf; f g; g l; l J. Mz; f s; gLf; i fia ehb tP L tUk; N ghJ>
ngz;zpd; flikia Cf;Ftpf;f> G+ nfhLf;Fk; mNjNeuk; Mzpd;
fhkj; i j Vw; g Lj; j cjTtjhfNt ,e; j Mzhjpf; f g; gz; g hL
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jpy; ,Ue;Nj fd;dpg; ngz;fs; ky;ypif> Ky;iyg;
g+r; # lf; $ lhJ vd; w tof; f khd Mzhjpf; f f; fl; L g; g hLfSk;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
fhkjfdk; fhkj;ijj; jLf;f ,e;J Mzhjpf;f topahff;
nfhz; l hLk; tpohjhd; ~fh%l; b nfhSj; J jy; | MFk; . rptdpd;
jtj;ijf; Fiyf;f kd;kjd; fhkj;ijr; rptd; kPJ VtpajhfTk;>
rptd; fz;izj; jpwe;J kd;kjid vhpj;jjhfTk; $Wk; fijia
mbg; g ilahff; nfhz; L > ~fh%l; b nfhSj; J jy; | tpohthf
,Uf; f pd; w J. ,d; i wa G+HRth ngz; z pathjpfSk; > Xhpdr;
NrHf;ifahsUk; Mzhjpf;fj;ij xopf;f Kd;itf;Fk; topfisg;
Nghy;> ,e;J Mzhjpf;fk; itf;Fk; $j;Jjhd; ,J.
jPghtspahff; nfhz;lhLk; eufhRud; tijia ,e;Jkjk; vg;gb
tf;fpuj;J cUthf;fpaJ vdg; ghHg;Nghk;. G+kpiag; ghahfr; RUl;b
flYf; F s; mRud; xUtd; xspj; J tpl> tp\; Z %d; w htJ
mtjhukhfg; gd;wp mtjhuk; vLj;J kPl;L te;J>
G+khNjtpia
tpgr;rhuj; jsj;jpy; GzHe;J eufhRuidg; ngw;wjhf ,e;Jkjk;
$Wfpd;wJ. ,e;jg; gpwg;G vg;gbg;gl;lJ. ,d;iwa etPd nfhypT+l;
rpdpkh nghyp]; glq;fs; Nghy;> kPl;gtHfs; mg;ngz;izg; GzHtJ
vd;w tbtpy; G+kpiag; GzHtjhff; fij cs;sJ. Mzhjpf;ff;
fz;Nzhl;lg;gb> kPl;fg;gLtJ vg;NghJk; ngz;. kPl;gtH vg;NghJ
Mz;. kPl;l gpd; vg;NghJk; GzHtJ vd;W cyfg; gz;ghL xNu
nghJf; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;j ,aw;if gw;wpa
Mzhjpf;f ,e;Jkjf; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpYk; gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ.
gp. ,uahfud;
191
tp\;Ztpd; fw;gopg;Gf; fijiag; ghHg;Nghk;. gj;kg;Guhzk;

cj;juf; fhz;lk; 263 ,y;> Qhdp [ye;jhpd; kidtp tpuhe;jh kPJ
Mirg;gl;l tp\;Z mts; fw;igr; #iwahlj; jPHkhdpj;jhH. mjd;gb
mtis Vkhw;wpf; fw;gopj;jhH. ,ijaLj;J tpuhe;jh Nfhgj;Jld;
rgpj;jijg; ghHg;Nghk;;. ~~X> tp\;Z! gpwH kidtpapd; fw;igf;
Fiyg;gJ cdf;F ntl;fkhf ,y;iyah? QhdpNghy;
Njhw;wkspf;fpwha; ; j;J}> filnfl;l Fw;wthsp||27 vd;W rgpj;jhs;.
flTs;fspd; fw;gopg;ig ,e;J kjk; epahag;gLj;Jk;NghJ> ngz;fs;
vg;gb ,e;J ,uh[;[paj;jpy; fw;Ghpikiag; ghJfhf;f KbAk;. ,e;J
kjk; Mzhjpf;f kjk; my;yth?
vjphpiaj; Njhw;fbf;f vjphpapd; kidtpiaf; fw;gopf;FkhW
rptd; topfhl;Lfpd;whH. ,e;J kjj;jpd; %j;j flTs; rptDf;Fk;
rq;fhRuDf;Fk; 100 tUlkhf Aj;jk; ele;jjhk;. rq;fhRud; vd;w
mRuidf; flTshy; nfhy;y Kbatpy;iyahk;. Vd; vd;W Muha;e;j
rptd; fhuzj;ijf; fz;lwpe;jhuhk;. rq;fhRudpd; kidtp fw;Gilats;
vd;gjhy; rq;fhRuid mopf;fKbahJ vdf; fz;luhk;. rptd; rq;fhRud;
Ntlk; Nghl;Lr; nrd;W Jsrpiaf; fw;gopj;jgpd;> rq;fhRuidf;
nfhd;whuhk;. ,jd; gpd; Jsrp cz;ik mwpe;J ~~X> rptNd> fy;neQ;rk;
gilj;j tQ;rfNd! vd; fztiur; rjp nra;J nfhd;W tpl;lha;.
eP fy;yhfg; Ngh!||27 vd;W rgpj;jhs;. kfhghftjg; Guhzk; (9>24>25)
,y;> fPo;r; rhjpg; ngz; ,fo;e;jhYk;> Nky; Fyj;ijr; NrHe;jtd;>
ngz;zpd; fw;Ghpikia mopf;f jHkrh];jpuk; mq;fPfhpg;gJld;> ,J
Nky; rhjpg; gphpTf;Fg; ngUikiaf; nfhLg;gjhFk; vd;W tpsf;fp
fw;gopg;ig Cf;Ftpf;fpd;wJ. Jsrp fPo;r; rhjpg; ngz;zhf ,Ug;gjhy;
mtisf; fw;gopj;j rptdpd; ntw;wpia ,e;J kjk; Nghw;Wfpd;wJ.
,ijg; Guhzkhff; $w> ehk; Nfl;L nksdk; rhjpj;J Mzhjpf;f
kugpy; mq;fPfhpf;fpd;Nwhk;. ,e;j ,e;J kjj;ijg; ngz;fs; vg;gbg;
Nghw;wKbAk;?
rq;fudpd; (rptdpd;) fhkk; ngz;fis Xl itf;fpd;wJ.
rptDf;Ff; fhkk; Vw;gl Nkhfpdpiaf; fl;bg;gpbf;f mts; jg;gp
Xbdhshk;. mij kfh ghftjg; Guhzk; ngz; ahidiaf; fhkk;
gpbj;j Mz; ahid tpul;LtJ Nghy;> Nkhfpdpiar; rq;fud; Juj;jpr;
nrd;whuhk;. tPjpf;F tPjp ,d;W Mzhjpf;f tf;fpuj;jhy; fhkk; Nkypl>
tijf;Fs;shFk; ngz;fs; gLk;ghl;il ehk; mwpNthk;. Mdhy; ehk;
192
gp. ,uahfud;
topgLk; flTs; rptDk; ,ijj;jhd; nra;jhd; vd;W njhpfpd;wNghJk;>

mij epahag;gLj;Jk; NghJk;> ,ijr; rfpj;J topgLtJ NftykhdJ.
,J ngz; f isf; fw; g opf; f kiwKfkhfTk; > NeubahfTk;
JizNghtjhFk;. vd;d nra;tJ vd;gJ vk;Kd;Ds;s mbg;gilahd
Nfs;tpahFk;.
flTs;fspd; (gpuk;kh> tp\;Z> rptd;) $l;Lf; fw;gopg;GfSf;F
ClhfNt ,e;Jkjk; tf;fhpj;J cUthdJ. ghtp];a Guhzj;jpy;
mj;jphp khKdpthpd; kidtp mD#ahtpd; mofpy; fhkk; nfhz;l
gpuk;kh> tp\;Z> rptd; $l;lhfr; NrHe;J fl;bg;gpbj;J fw;gopf;f
Kad;w NghJ mD#ah rgpj;jhs;. rhjhuzg; ngz;fs; Mzhjpf;ff;
flTs;fspd; fw;gopg;G Kaw;rpfs;> fw;gopg;Gfspy; gpioj;J tho;tJ
vd;gJ ngUk; Nghuhl;lkhfTs;sJ. ,d;W me;jf; flTs;fspd; ngahpy;
fw;gopg;Gfs; kw;iwa kjg; ngz;fs; kPJk;> rhjp Fiwe;j ngz;fs;
kPJk; rHtrhjhuzkhf epfo;fpd;wJ. ,Jjhd; ,e;Jkjj;jpd; Mzhjpf;f
[dehafk;.
kfSld; cwT nfhz; l gpuk; k d; . gpuk; k d; jd; kfs;
ru];tjpAld; cwT nfhz;ljhf =khjh ghftjk; 3MtJ fhz;lk;
12 MtJ mj;jpahaj;jpy; $wg;gLfpd;wJ. Mzhjpf;f tf;fpuq;fs;
nrhe;j kfisAk; tpl;LtpLtjpy;iy vd;gij mz;ika
Mjhug;G+Htkhd epfo;r;rpfs; fhl;Lfpd;wd. mJ ,d;W ngz;fshYk;
elj; j g; g LksTf; F Mz; - ngz; vd; w tpjptpyf; F ,d; w p
njhlUfpd;wJ. tiuKiwaw;w ghypay; epytpa r%fj;jpy; ,Ue;J
tsHr;rp ngw;W Mzhjpf;f mikg;G cUthd gpd;G> kfisj; je;ij
cwT nfhs; t J vd; g J tf; f hpj; J g; N ghd r%f epfo; t hFk; .
cyfstpy; ghypay; neUf;fb tsHr;rp ngw> nrhe;jf; Foe;ijfisg;
gypaplg;gLtJ rHt rhjhuzkhf epfo;fpd;wJ. ,e;J kjk; ,ijj;
jdJ Guhz ,jpfhrq;fs; Clhf epahag;gLj;jp Cf;Ftpf;fpd;wJ.
fw;gopj;j gpd; nfhd;w tp\;Ztpd; gpd;dhy; CLUtp epw;gJ
mw; g j; j dkhd Mzhjpf; f f; fhkNk. ,e; j puDf; F Mjuthf
epuguhjpahd guhFtpd; kidtpapd; jiyia ntl;b vwpe;jhd;. ,ij
mLj;J guhF rgpj;jijg; ghHg;Nghk;. ~~X> tp\;Z! khjH Fyj;ijf;
nfhy;yyhkh? xU ghtKk; mwpahj xU ngz;iz xOf;ff;NfL
tpistpj;jg; gpd; nfhd;W tpl;lhNa. jNkh Fzk; cs;s nfl;l
gp. ,uahfud;
193
Fzkpf;ftNd! eP ghk;G Nghy; ele;J tUfpwhNa!|| 27 vd;W ghHg;gd

Mzhjpf;fr; rjpuhl;lj;ij ntl;lntspr;rkhf;Ffpd;whd;.
Kg;gj;J Kf;Nfhb NjtHfspd; FUehjH gpuf];gjpapd; xOf;fk;
vd;d? ];fe;j 9> mj;jpahak; 20 ,y;> ehjH gpuf];gjp jdJ
mz;zd; kidtp fHg;gkhf ,Ue;jNghJ> KiwNflhf cwT nfhz;L
gpwe;j Foe;ijjhd; (j;t[hGj;jpud;) guj;th[h MthH. ,e;j kfd;
je;ijia kpQ;rpa fhk ntwpad; vd;gijj; Njtp ghftjg; Guhzk;
tpsf;Ffpd;wJ. ,e;jg; guj;th[h fpuhjp]p mg;]uh vd;w ngz;iz
epidj; J tpe; J ntspNawpaNghJ cUthdtNu> Ntjtpw; g d; d H
JNuhzH vd;W kfhghujk; MjpgHtjk; mj;jpahak; 131,y; $Wfpd;wJ.
vg;gb ,Uf;fpwJ ,e;J Guhzq;fs;. nfhQ;rk; rpe;jpAq;fs;. Mzhjpf;f
,e;Jkjj;jpd; gpwg;GfNs tprpj;jpukhd tf;fpukhFk;.
NjNte;jpudpd; fs;s cwTfSk; itg;ghl;bj;jdKk; gw;wp
thy;kPfp ,uhkhazk; ghyrHfh 48 ,y;> $wp epahag;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
Ntj hp\pfspy; rpwe;j nfsjk hp\papd; gj;jpdp mfy;ahTld;
ghypay; Rfk; mDgtpj;j gpd;> mtspd; ,d;g epiyapy; NjNte;jpud;
tpilngWfpd;whd;;. ngz;fspd; ,aw;ifahd ghypay; Njitfis
kWj;J> itg;ghl;bj;jdk; Mz;fspd; tf;fpuj;jpy; cUthfp ,Ug;gjw;F
,e;jpahtpy; ,e;J kjk; fhuzkhFk;;. flTs;fs; vd;W Nghw;wp topgLk;
Mzhjpf;f tf;fpuk; gpbj;j fijfs; ,jd; %ykhfp Mjhukhfpd;wJ.
ngz;izf; flj;jpr; nrd;W fw;gopj;J Rfk; mDgtpj;j flTs;
re;jpud;. jphpGtdk; ntw;wp fpilj;jijaLj;J re;jpud; ,uh[#a
ahfk; nra;jhH. ,e;j Neuk; re;jpud; jdJ FUehjH gpuf];gjpapd;
kidtp jhuhitg; gyhj;fhukhfj; J}f;fpr; nrd;whd;;. ,e;jf; fl;lj;jpy;
mRuHfSld; Vw;gl;l Aj;jj;jpy; ,g;ngz;flj;jy;> NjtH mzpiag;
gpse;J tpLk; vd;W fUjp re;jpuDf;Fg; gpuk;kd; Gj;jp $wpajd;
Nghpy;> jhuh tpLtpf;fg;gl;lhs;. Mdhy; re;jpud; gyhj;fhukhf cwT
nfhz;L gpwe;j Foe;ij Gj;jhitf; nfhLf;f kWj;Jtpl;lhd;. ,jd;
%yk; ,e;J kjk; Mz;fSf;Ff; $Wk; Nghjid> ngz;fisf; flj;jpr;
nrd;W Mzhjpf;fr; Ritfis mDgtpAq;fs; vd;gNj.
rhjp fle;j trpl;lhpd; Mzhjpf;f mj;JkPwy; ngz;fspd;
fw;Ghpikiar; #iwahLtjhf ,Ue;jJ. tp\;Ztpd; mtjhug; GU\d;
,uhkr;re;jpugpuGtpd; FU trpl;lH> rhjp Fiwe;j ngz; m\;fkhyhtpd;
194
gp. ,uahfud;
kPJ fhkk; nfhz;L #iwahbdhd;. ,e;j trpl;lhpd; fhk yPiyfisg;

Nghl;bf;fhuuhd tpRthkpj;jpud; Gl;L itf;fpd;whH kfhghujk; Mjp
gHtjk; mj;jpahak; 27 ,y;.
tpRthkpj;jpudpd; fl;lw;w ghypay; elj;ijia Muha;Nthk;.
jtk; ,Ue;j tpRthkpj;jpud; Nkdfhitf; fz;L kaq;fp fhkk;
nfhz;L cwthbdhd;. ,e;j cwthy; rFe;jyh gpwe;jhs;. ,e;jr;
rFe;jyh J\;ae;j kd;ddplk; fz;l ,lj;jpy; cwT nfhz;L
ghujidg; ngw;whs;. ,g;gb jhd; ,e;J Kdpfspd; cwTfs;> gof;f
tof;fq;fs; fhkj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L fz;l ,lj;jpy;
ele;jJ.
fz;l ,lj;jpy; fhkk; nfhz;L; cwT nfhz;l kpj;jpu tUzd;.
thy;kPfp ,uhkhazk; cj;juf;fhz;lk; rHfh 55 ,y;> kpj;jputUzd;
[yNjtjhTf; F r; nrd; w hd; . CHtrp tUzhyaj; j py; Fspj; J f;
nfhz; b Ue; j ijf; fz; L fhkk; nfhz; L clYwT nfhz; l hd; .
,jdhy; gpwe;j Gj;jpuHfNs kd;dH epkhTk;> kfhp\p trpl;lUk;.
khdpd; tapw;wpy; ,Ue;J gpwe;j ];uq;fp hp\p. xUehs; tpghe;jf
KdptH Fspj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j NghJ> tdNkhfpdp CHtrp mtH
mUfpy; tu> fhkk; nfhz;l KdptUf;F tpe;J ntspNawpajhk;.
mJ jz;zPhpy; fye;Jtpl> mij xU ngz; khd; Fbj;J fUTw;W
];uq;fp hp\piag; ngw;wjhk;. khdpy; ,Ue;J gpwe;jjhy; ,Unfhk;igf;
nfhz;l mtUf;F ~];u];a ]uq;fp| vd;w ngaH te;jjhk;. ,e;J
kjj;jpd; tprpj;jpukhd Mzhjpf;f tf;fpukhd gpwg;Gfspy; ,J xd;W.
tpjpapd; gpd;dhy; Mzhjpf;f tf;fpuj; Njitia mDgtpf;f
KaYjy; . Njtp ghftjg; Guhzk; (6>26>36) ,y; > NjtHfspd;
MNyhrfUk;> jphpfhy QhdpAk;> kfh gz;bjUk;> N[hrpaUkhd ehujH
rQ;ra kd;didg; ghHf;fr; nrd;whH. me;j kd;ddpd; kfs; Rje;jpiaf;
fz;L fhkk; nfhz;L> ,sturp vd; kidtpahfg; gpwe;J ,Uf;fpd;whs;
vd;w jpUtha;nkhope;jhH. kd;dd; Nfhgk; nfhz;L Fuq;F Kfj;jpddhf
khW vd;W rhgk; ,l;lhH. ,d;iwa rhkpfs; Nghy; Mzhjpf;fj;
Njitfisg; gpwg; g pd; njhlHr; r p> vdf; f hfg; gpwe; j J Nghd; w
flTs; f spd; Nkhrbfspd; Clhf mDgtpj; j ijAk; > mijf;
NfhhpaijAk; ,e; J kjg; Guhzq; f s; epahag; g Lj; j y; f s; Clhf
mk;gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
gp. ,uahfud;
195
FUTf;Fg; Nghij Cl;btpl;L mthpd; kidtpAld; $bf;

FyhTtij ,e; J kjk; epahag; g Lj; J fpd; w J. Njtp ghftjg;
Guhzj;jpy; fPudhj; Gj;jpud; RjP];dh jdJ FUTf;Fg; Nghijiaf;
nfhLj;J kaf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpa gpd;> mthpd; kidtpAld; clYwT
nfhz;L te;jhd;;.
Ntj tpahrh; jdf;Fj; jhNd GzHr;rp nra;j tf;fpukhd
Mzhjpf;f ntspg;ghl;il ,e;Jkjk; Nghw;Wfpd;wJ. Njtp ghftjg;
Guhzk; (1>10>31>34>14>6) ,y;> ,tH jdf;Fj; jhNd fhkr; Rfk;
NjLk; gof;fj;ijf; nfhz;bUe;jhH. mf;dp> Muzp Njtijfis
epidj;J jdJ Mzhjpf;f tf;fpuj;jpD}lhfj; jdf;Fj; jhNd GzHr;rp
nra;jhH. ,jdhy; ntspNawpa tpe;jpy; ,Ue;J ~Rfh| vd;w Gj;jpud;
gpwe;jhd;. Ntj tpahrH re;jputd;rhit kidtpahff; nfhz;bUe;j
mNj Neuk;> fpuhjyp vd;w tpgr;rhhpAld; cwT nfhz;lhH. ,e;J
kjj;jpd; kfpikfs;> mw;Gjq;fs; ,it. tf;fpukhd Mzhjpf;f
Kfq;fs; ,it.
,yl;Rkpapd; fw;GhpikAk;> ngz;zpd; Mzhjpf;fr;
re;Njfq;fisAk; Njtp ghftjg; Guhzk; njspthf
epHthzkhf;Ffpd;wJ. ngz;zpd; fw;G gw;wp ,e;J Mzhjpf;fk;
ngz; f Sf; F cgNjrpf; F k; td; K iwiaj; jhz; b > ,yl; R kp
tp\;Zitj; jpUkzk; nra;Ak; Kd;Ng jdJ fd;dp gUtj;jpy;
NjNte;jpudhy; gyhj;fhukhff; fw;gopf;fg;gl;lhs;. ,ijtpl xUehs;
JHthrKdptH ,e;jpuidg; ghHf;f te;jNghJ> ,e;jpud; Mzhjpf;ff;
fhkj;jpy; ,yl;Rkpia ntwpj;J ghHj;jgb ,Ue;jjhy;> te;j Kdptiu
tuNtw;ff;$l Kbatpy;iy. xUehs; tp\;Z jdf;Fs; jhNd rphpj;J
nfhs;s> ,yl;Rkp re;Njfg;gl;L> ~ckJ rpuk; Jz;bf;fg;gll;Lk;| 27
vd;W rhgk; Nghl;lhs;. Mzhjpf;f mikg;gpy; ngz;fs; kPjhd
fw; g opg; G > ntwpj; j fhkg; ghHitfs; > ngz; z pd; re; N jfq; f s;
flTs;fisNa tpl;Ltpltpy;iy. r%fj;jpd; ,ay;ghd elj;ijfis>
kdpjd; jhd; fw;gidapy; cUthf;fpa flTSf;Fk; nghUj;jpajd;
Clhf mf; f hyf; f l; l r; r%fj; i jg; Ghpe; J nfhs; s ,it
cjTfpd;wd.
rNfhju - rNfhjhpapilNa epfo;e;j flTs; GzHr;rpfisg;
Njtp ghftjg; Guhzk; (6>17>53-58) ntspf; nfhz;L tUfpd;wJ.
rKj;jpuj; Njtdpd; nry;tg; Gjy;tp ,yl;RkpNjtp. jd; rNfhjud;
196
gp. ,uahfud;
mRtidf; fz;L fhkk; nfhz;lhs;. ,ijf; fz;l tp\;Z Nfhgk;

nfhz;L ~~ftHr;rp kpf;f fz;fisf; nfhz;Ls;s fhKfp! eP ahiug;
ghHf; f pwha; ? ehd; nrhy; Y k; thHj; i jfs; $l cd; fhjpy;
vd;W
tpotpy;iyah? fhkf; flypy; ePAk; %o;fp tpl;lhah?||27
Nfhgj;Jld; rPwpdhd;. mts; fztd; Nfl;ljw;Fg; gjpyspf;fhJ
ngz;Fjpiu Nt\k; vLj;J jd; rNfhjuDld; ghypay; cwtpy;
<Lgl;lhs;.
tp\;Ztpd; gyjhu kzKk;> xUjhu kzj;Jf;F tpj;jpLk;
Mzhjpf;fj; jPHTfSk;. fiythzp> ru];tjp vd;w flTs;fs;> jkJ
fd;dp tajpy; tp\;Ztpd; fhjypfshf ,Ue;jdH. ,tHfSf;fpilapy;
ahH tp\;Ztpd; fhjypahfj; jdpj;J ,Ug;gJ vd;w rz;ilapd;
NghJ> tp\;Ztpd; kidtp yl;Rkp jiyapl;L> ~~xU kdpjd; xU
kidtpia itj; J f; n fhz; L ,d; g k; mDgtpf; f KbahjNghJ
mjpfkhd kidtpfis itj;jpUj;jy; mtidg;gw;wp vd;dntd;W
nrhy;tJ||27 vd;W fztidf; Fw;wk; rhl;b> jPHthf> fiythzpiar;
rptdplk; gLf;Fk; gbAk;> ru];tjpiag; gpuk;khtplk; gLf;Fk; gbAk;
$wp> rf;fsj;jp rz;ilf;Fj; jPHT fz;lhs;. ,J ,e;Jkj Mzhjpf;f
mikg;G khwpte;j tbtj;ijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
kdpjdhf tp\;Z fw;gopj;jjhy; gpwe;j fijiaf; fe;jGuhzk;
jf;ff; fhz;lj;jpy; tpsf;Ffpd;wJ. fw;Gs;s murg; ngz;izf;
fw;gopj;jjhy;> me;jg; ngz;zpd; rhgj;jhy; tp\;Z kz;zpy; kdpjdhf
gpwe;jhdhk;. ,e;jf; flTisAk;> fe;jGuhzj;ijAk; nrhy;yp topgLk;
vkJ Kl;lhs;j;jdj;ij nkr;rj;jhd; Ntz;Lk;.
fztidg; gphpe;J tho ,l;l rhgk;. rpt ,ufrpaj;jpy; ,Ue;J
,ijg; ghHg;Nghk;;. tp\;Z xUehs; jdJ kidtpAld; GzHr;rpapy;
<Lgl;bUe;j NghJ> mw;GjHf;fd; vd;w rptfzq;fspd; jiytd;
mq;F nrd;whdhk;. vd;d ,g;gb nra;fpwha; vdf; Nfl;f ~eP ahulh
Nfl; g jw; F > vdf; Nfl; f ,ij ee; j paplk; Kiwapl; l hdhk;
rptfzq;fspd; jiytd;;. ee;jp clNd tp\;Zitg; G+kpapy; gpwf;f
itj;J> kidtpiag; gphpe;J tho rhgk; nfhLj;jhuhk;;. Mzhjpf;fg;
ghypay; neUf;fbfisr; rfpj;J thoTk;> mlq;fpthoTk; NfhUk;
gz; g hLfisAk; ,e; J Mzhjpf; f j; jdpr; n rhj; J hpik topapy;
Gfl;Lfpd;wJ.
gp. ,uahfud;
197
,uhkdpd; Fw;wg; gpwg;Gk; rhp> gpwe;j gpd;dhyhd tho;Tk;

Fw;wNk. xU Kdpthpd; kidtpia tp\;Z nfhd;W tplNt> mjdhy;
fpilj;j rhgj;jpdhy; kz;zpy; gpwe;J kidtpiag; (rPijiag;)
gphpe;J tho Ntz;bNaw;gl;ljhk;. ,d;W ,uhkd; ngahpy; nra;Ak;
$j;Jk; r%fj;jpd; ,ope;j jz;lidf;Fhpa Fw;wq;fNs. Fw;wthspfis
topglf;NfhUtJk;> me;j eha;fis Kjd;ikg ;gLj;JtJk; r%fj;jpd;
mwptw;w %lj;jdj;jpy;> rpyH gpioj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; gpiog;gy;yth?.
kfisf; (ru];tjpiaf;) fw;gopj;j gpuk;kd; ,e;Jf; flTs;fspy;
xUtH. gpuk;kd; jd; rhPuj;jpy; ,Ue;J jdJ kfshfr; ru];tjpiaf;
fy;tpf;fhfg; ngw;W vLj;jhuhk;. ngj;j kfspd; moiff; fz;L
gpuk;kd; fhkk; nfhz;L fw;gopf;f Kay> ru];tjp ngz; khd;
cUtk; vLj;J Xbdhshk;. clNd gpukd; jhDk; Mz;khd; Ntlkpl;Lj;
Juj;jpr; nry;y> rptd; Ntld; cUntLj;J gpuk;kidf; nfhy;y>
ru]; t jp xg; g hhp itj; J mo> rptd; kdkpuq; f p gpuk; k id
capHg;gpf;fg;gl;l epiyapy;> kfs; ru];tjp gpuk;kdpd; kidtpahdhs;.
mNjNeuk; kw;nwhU tpsf;fg;gb> ru];tjp gpuk;kdpd; Ngj;jpahd
epiyapy; gpuk;kdpd; kidtpahdhs;. xUehs; CHtrp kPJ fhkk;
nfhz;lNghJ gpuk;kDf;F tpe;J ntspNaw> mij xU Flj;jpy;
vLj;J itj;jhuhk;. me;jf; Flj;jpy; ,Ue;J cUthd mfj;jpad;
ru];tjpiag; ngw;whdhk;. ,d;W nrhe;j kfs; kPJ elj;jg;gLk;
ghypay; td;Kiwf;F Mzhjpf;f ,e;Jkjf; flTs;fNs
topfhl;Lfpd;wdH. ,J kidtp> kfs; vd;w ve;j vy;iyAkw;w
epiyapy; fw;gopg;Gfs; rHtrhjhuzkhf elf;fpd;wJ. ,ij ,e;Jkjk;
Nghw;wpg; Gfo;e;J topfhl;Lfpd;wJ.
ngz;fis epHthzkhf;fp ,urpj;j Mzhjpf;ff; fhKfd; rptd;
,e;Jf;fspd; flTs;. ~~,uhtzdpd; kidtp kz;Nlhjhpia ,r;rpj;Jg;
GzHe;jJk;> mUe;jjpaplk; mtis ,r;rpj;J epHthzkhfg; gpr;ir
NghLk;gb Nfl;Lk;> rptd; rhgk; ngw;W rpRthdJ Mzhjpf;ff;
fhkkhFk;;.||34 ,Nj rptd; JNuhzhr;rhhp kidtpaplk; tpUe;J rhg;gpl
nrd; w ,lj; j py; > Mzhjpf; f tf; f puf; fhkk; nfhz; L tpe; J
ntspNaw; w pa epfo; r ; r piag; Nghw; W k; ,e; J kjk; ngz; f spd;
vjphpay;yth? ,d;iwa rpdpkh> ,d;iwa tpsk;guq;fs;> ,d;iwa
b]; N fhf; f spd; je; i j rptd; vd; w hy; jtNwh? cyfkakhjy;
ngz;iz chpe;j epHthz EfHT tf;fpuj;jpy;> %yjdr; re;ijia
[dehafg;gLj;jp ngz;zpakhf;Fk; topapy;> cyif tPueil Nghl
198
gp. ,uahfud;
itf;Fk; Mzhjpf;fg; Nghf;Ff;Fr; rptd; je;ijay;yth? ,jdhy;

jhd; ,e; J ,uh[; [ paj; i j cUthf; f gpufldk; nra; g tHfs; >
Vfhjpgj;jpaj;jplk; Nrhuk; Nghfpd;wdNuh?
ts;spak;ikapd; gpwg;Gk; kpUfg;GzHr;rpahFk;;. fhrpgH khDld;
GzHe;J ts;spak;ikiag; ngw;whH. ,e;jf; flTs;fis> Guhzq;fis>
,jpfhrq; f is ehk; gpd; g w; w yhkh? ,it Mzhjpf; f tf; f pug;
Gj;jpay;yth?
tpgr;rhhpaplk; Re;ju%Hj;jpf;fhfj; J}J Nghd rptdpd; xOf;fk;
vd;d? Re;ju%Hj;jp ehadhH Mzhjpf;f ,e;J kjj;ijg; ghJfhf;f
kf; f Sf; F vjpuhf> ghHg; g dUf; f hfg; ngha; A k; Gul; L fisAk;
$wpj;jphpe;j NghJ> ,uz;lhtJ itg;ghl;bahf tpgr;rhhp kPJ Mir
nfhs;s> mts; kWf;f> rptd; juF Ntiy ghHj;J
(Vfhjpgj;jpaj;Jf;Fr; nra;tJ Nghy;) flTspd; ngahpy;> Re;ju%Hj;jp
ehadhhpd; Mzhjpf;ff; fhkj;ijj; jPHj;J itj;jhH. ,ij ehk;
Nghw;wyhkh?
gy E}W ,e; J kjg; gpwg; G fs; ,J Nghd; W tf; f hpj; j
Mzhjpf;fg; gpwg;ghFk;. ngz;fs; kPjhd fw;gopg;Gfs;> itg;ghl;bj;
jdq;fs;> tpgr;rhuq;fs;> Xhpdr; NrHf;if> Rag; GzHr;rp vd;w
tiftifahd gpwg;Gfis> GzHr;rp tbtq;fis ,e;Jg; Guhz
,jpfhrq;fshf ,e;J kjk; epahag;gLj;jp> Mzhjpf;f tf;fpukhff;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,d;W ghypaypy; Gul;rp nra;tjhff; $wpf;nfhs;Sk;
gpd;etPdj;Jtr; rhf;filfspd; ghypay; je;ijkhHfs;> ,e;J ghHg;gdpa
Mzhjpf;f ,e;J kjj;jpy; nrwpe;J> epiwe;J fhzg;gLfpd;wdH.
rpy khjphp tbtq;fis kl;LNk ,e;Jkjg; Guhz> ,jpfhrq;fs;
rhHe; J njhFf; f g; g l; L s; s J. ,e; J kjj; i jAk; > gpd; e tP d j; J t
mOfy; f isAk; Ghpe; J nfhs; s ,e; j tf; f puq; f Ns vkf; F g;
NghJkhdit.
gp. ,uahfud;
199
nja;tQ; Rl;ba ngaHepiyf; fpstpAk;
,t;ntd mwpAk; me;jk; jkf;fpyNt
caHjpiz kUq;fpw;ghy; gphpe;jpirf;Fk;||39
,yf; f paj; j py; Mzhjpf; f Kk;

ngz; f spd; Nghuhl; l q; f Sk;
Mzhjpf;fk; r%fg; nghUshjhu hPjpahfg; gyk;ngWk;NghJ>
nkhopapYk; mjd; nry;thf;F Mokhf CLUTfpd;wJ. ,dtpUj;jpia
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L> ghy;NtWghL NtW gphpe;j hPjpapy; ,dk;
fz;L tpsf;Ftjw;F mg;ghy;> Mzhjpf;f mbikj;jdj;jpy; ,Ue;J
tpsf;Ftjhf nkhopAs;sJ. nkhop ghypay; hPjpahf tiuaiwf;F
cl;gl;Lk;> tiuaiwfis kPwpAk; ghy;jd;ikia ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
nkhopapd; gad;ghL> mjd; cs;slf;fk;> ntspg;ghL njhlHghf
];lhypd; $Wtijg; ghHg;Nghk;.
~~nkhop kdpjdpd; cw; g j; j p eltbf; i fAld; Neubj;
;njhlHGilaJ. cw;gj;jp eltbf;ifAld; khj;jpuky;yhJ> mtdJ
njhopy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l rfy JiwfspYKs;s eltbf;iffSld;
cw;gj;jp Kjy; mbj;jsk; tiu> mbj;jsk; Kjy; Nkw;fl;Lkhdk;
tiuAs;s rfy eltbf;iffSlDk; mJ Neubj; njhlHGilaJ.
,jd; fhuzkhf> cw; g j; j papy; Vw; g Lk; khw; w q; f is nkhop>
cldbahfTk;> NeubahfTk;> mbj;jsj;jpy; khw;wk; Vw;gLk; tiu
fhj;jpuhkYk; njhptpf;fpd;wJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf> kdpj eltbf;ifapd;
rfy mk;rq;fisAk; jOtp epw;Fk; nkhopahdJ Nkw;fl;Lkhdj;jhy;
Rl;lg; ngWk; eltbf;iffspYk; ghHf;f tprhykhdJ. mtw;wpy;
,J Kw;W KOjhd mikg;igf; nfhz;lJ.||39
njhy;fhg;gpaKk; Mzhjpf;fKk;
nkhop> Mzhjpf;fj; jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik mikg;gpy; jd;idg;
gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ. njhy;fhg;gpaH ghy;tiffisg; gw;wpf; $Wtijg;
ghHg;Nghk;.
~~ngz;ik Rl;ba caHjpiz kUq;fpd;
Mz;ik jphpe;j ngaHepiyf; fpstpAk;
200
gp. ,uahfud;
- vd;W ghy; tiffis Mzhjpf;f tiuaiwf;Fs; epd;W

tifg;gLj;Jfpd;whH. jkpo; nkhopapd; ghy; tif ,ay;ghf Mzhjpf;f
vy;iyf;Fs; ghy; gphptij ,J fhl;Lfpd;wJ. jkpopy; Mz;ghy;>
ngz;ghy;> gyHghy;> xd;wd;ghy;> gytpd;ghy; vd Ie;J ghy;fs;
,Ug;gJ Nghy;> rk];fpUjj;jpy; %d;W ghy;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. Gypq;fk;>
];jphpypq;fk;> eGk;rfypq;fk; mjhtJ Mz;ghy;> ngz;ghy;> mypg;ghy;
vd;W nkhop gphpfpd;wJ. ,e;jp nkhopapy; Nkir Mz;ghyhf ,Uf;f>
Fjpiu ngz;ghyhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Ngdh Mz;ghyhf ,Uf;f> ngd;rpy;
ngz;ghyhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,J nkhopapaypy; rpwe;jit> caHe;jit
vy;yhk; Mz;ghiyAk;> mijtplf; ,ope;jit> Fiwe;jit vy;yhk;
ngz;ghiyAk; Fwpf;fpd;wd. nkhopapaypy; jkpopy; Mzhjpf;fg; gz;G
FWfpa fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; my;yhJ tphpe;j jsj;jpy; nghUl;fis
milahsk; fhz> ,e;jp - rk];fpUjj;jpy; FWfpa ghy; NtWghl;by;
nkhopf; FWfpf; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,q;F jkpopy; nghUl;fs; ghy;
jd;ikiaf; nfhz;bUg;gjpy;iy. ,e;jpapy; nghUl;fs; ghy;jd;ikiag;
ngWfpd; w J.
gpnuQ; R nkhopapy; nrhw; f s; ghy; jd; i kiaf;
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. tiuKiwaw;w ghy; jd;ikiaf;
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. Nkir ngz;ghyhf ,Uf;f> Fjpiu ngz;ghyhfTk;>
Ngdh Mz;ghyhfTk; ngd;rpy; Mz;ghyhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,jw;F
ve;j tiuKiwAk; nkhopapay; hPjpahfNt fpilahJ. gpuQ;Rnkhopapy;
nghUl;fs; Mz;> ngz;> gyH vd;W %d;whfNt gphpfpd;wJ. ,q;F
ghy; mw;w myp cUthftpy;iy. jkpopy; m/wpiz> caHjpizapy;
gphpe; j nkhop> kdpjDf; F k; kpUfj; J f; f pilapy; NtWghl; i lg;
gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ. ,J rKjhak; tsh;e;J te;j ghijapd; Kuz;gl;l
jd;ikia ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. nkhop ghypay; hPjpahfg; ghy;jd;ikf;
nfhz;Nl gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ. nkhopapd; kPjhd Nghuhl;lk; r%fg;
nghUshjhu khw; w j; J ld; njhlHGila tplakhf cs; s J.
Mzhjpf;fr; r%fk; xopAk; NghJ> ghy; hPjpahd Mz; - ngz;
nkhopg;gpsTk; KbTf;F tUk;. ,jw;F Kd; nkhopapy; nghUspd;
jd;ik khwhky; elj;Jk; khw;wk; gpwpNjhH nrhy;yhy; gpujpaplg;gl;L>
ePz;lfhyk; nkhopf;F vjpuhd rKjhag; Nghuhl;lj;ij Klf;FtjhfNt
,Uf;fpd;wJ.
gp. ,uahfud;
201
m.
m jpUf;FwSk; Mzhjpf;fKk;
ehk; ,dp ,yf;fpaj;jpy; Mzhjpf;fj;ij Muha;Nthk;. jkpo;>
nkhop vd; w hP j papYk; > ,dk; vd; w hP j papYk; > jpUts; S thpd;
jpUf;Fwis Kd;dpiyg;gLj;JtJ mjpfhpf;fpd;wJ. jpUf;Fws; jdpr;
nrhj;Jhpikiag; ghJfhj;jgb Mzhjpf;fj;ij xOq;fikj;jJld;>
mf;fhyf; fl;lj;jpd; rKjha xOf;fj;ijAk; rl;lj;jpl;lj;ijAk;
cs;slf;fpa xU jj;Jttpay; vd;w tifapYk;> ,d;W fhyk; fle;j
epiyapYk; khw;whf Kd; epWj;jg;gLtjhYk;> ,jd; gy gz;Gfs;
njhlHtjhy; ngz;zpay; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; tpkHrdj;Jf;Fs;shtJ
mtrpak;.
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rl;lj; jpl;l xOf;ff; Nfhitfisg; ghHg;Nghk;.
~~nja;tk; njhohms; nfhOed; njhOnjOths;
nga; vdg; nga;Ak; kio|| 40
ckjhf epidj;Jf; nfhz;L tpgr;rhuj;jpy; gpwe;jtdhfpa ehd;

nfhLf;fpw ,e;jg; gpz;lj;ijj; jd; kfdhy; nfhLf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;W
epidj; J ngw; W f; nfhs; t hahf.|| 30 vd; W nrhe; j j; jhiaNa
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rpj;jhpf;fpd;wJ. ngz; gw;wpa tUziz mtis tpgr;rhhpahff;
fhl;Lfpd;wNghJk;> GzUfpd;wNghJk;> mg;ngz; jdJ fw;Ghpikf;fhfg;
Nghuhl Ntz; b a epiyapy; cs; s hs; . Mzhjpf; f k; ngz; z pd;
fw;Ghpikia kWj;J> tUzpf;Fk; fw;Gf;Fg; Gwk;ghf> mg;ngz; jdJ
nrhe;j elj;ijiaj; jPHkhdpf;Fk; chpikia Mzhjpf;fj;Jf;F
vjpuhf epiy ehl;ba Nghuhl;lk; ngz;zpaj;jpd; mq;fkhfpd;wJ.
ngz;izg; gw;wpa Mzhjpf;fr; rpe;jid> gz;ghL> nkhop midj;Jk;
Nftykhd kdpj elj;ijfshy; tiuaWf;fg;gLfpd;wd. rk];fpUj
jpUkz Njt ghi\ahd ke;jpuj;jpy; $l Mzpd; tf;fpug; Gj;jpahy;
ngz; Gzug;gLfpd;w fhl;rp rHt rhjhuzkhf vy;yh jpUkzj;jpYk;
Xjg;gLfpd;wJ.
flTis topglhJ fztidj; njhOk; ngz; kio nga;

vdf; $wpd; kio nga;Ak; vd;gJ fw;G gw;wpa eilKiw tpsf;fk;.
,J Mzhjpf;fj;jpd; ntw;wpfisg; giwrhw;Wfpd;wJ. ngz;zpd;
xOf;fj;ijg; Gdpjkhf;Ffpd;w NghNj mtSila thHj;ijfspd;
kfpik fw;gpd; gpd;dhy; Vw;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Mdhy;> vjhHj;jj;jpy;
kio nga; vdr; nrhd;dhy; kio nga;jpLtjpy;iy my;yth. ,q;F
mts; fw;gw;wtshf kiwKfkhf tpsf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ngz;zpd;
nrhw;fSf;F vjhHj;jj;jpy; rhj;jpakw;wjhfpd;w (nrhd;dhy; kio
nga;tjpy;iy) NghJ> fw;gpoe;jtshff; fhl;b mjD}lhf mtspd;
thHj;ijfis ,opTgLj;jg;gLtJ eilKiwahfpd;wJ. ,jpy; ,Ue;J
jhd; ngz; xl;L nkhj;jkhff; Nftyg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;whs;.
~~g;ujNkh tptpNj fe;jHNth tptpj cj;ju: j;Uj;Nah mf

ep\;Nlgjp: JhPa];Nj kD\;a[h||41 vd;w Njt ghi\apd; jkpo;
tpsf;fk; ~~N]hkd; Kjypy; ,e;j kzg; ngz;iz mile;jhd;.
gpwF fe;jHtd; ,tis mile;jhd;. cd;Dila %d;whtJ fztd;
mf;dp. cd;Dila ehd;fhtJ fztd;jhd; ,e;j kdpj [hjpapy;
gpwe; j td; | | 41 vd; W ngz; i z tpgr; r hhpahfg; gl; l k; (ngz; z pd;
fw;Ghpikiar; #iwahbagbjhd;) #l;bNa ke;jpuj;jpd; tbtq;fs;
cUthfpd;wd. njhlHe;J ,e;j Njt ghi\ ke;jpuj;ijg; ghHg;Nghk;.
~~cjPH\;thNjh tp\;thtN]h ek N]lh kNtwj;th> me;ah kpr;r
g;ugHt;aFk; ];Q;[hahk; fj;ah ];F[! 41 vd;wjd; jkpo; tpsf;fk;
~~tpRthtR vd;Dk; fe;jHtNd> ,e;jg; gLf;ifapypUe;J
vOe;jpUg;ghahf cd;id tzq;fp Ntz;LfpNwhk;.
,jpy; ,Ue;J tsHr;rp ngw;w ,e;Jg; gz;ghl;by; nrhe;jj;

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(IaH) $Wk; ke; j puj; j py; > nrhe; j j; jhia tpgr; r hhpahf; f pf;
Nftykhf;FtJ epfo;fpd;wJ. kf;fSf;Fg; Ghpahj Njt ghi\ahd
me;j rk];fpUj ke;jpuj;ijg; ghHg;Nghk;. ~~ad;Nk khjh gpuYNthg
rujp mdD tpUjh> jd;Nk Nujtw gpjh tpuq;f;jh Mguz; Nahg
gj;ajhk; uq;fuh[ rHkNz ];thtwh. uq;fuh[ m];kj gpjNu ,jk;
ekk> fpU\;z> fpU\;z> fpU\;z.||41 vd;w Njt ghi\apd; jkpo;
Mf;fk; ~~vd; jha; xOf;fq; nfl;lts;. me;jNujiy (tPhpaj;ij)
Kjy; tajpYs;s NtW fd;dpifia eP tpUk;Gthahf. vd;

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ngz; njhlHr;rpahfg; GzHe;jgb tho;tjhf ,opTgLj;jg;gLfpd;whs;.
Kjy; tajpYs;s NtW fd;dpia milaf; NfhUk;NghNj Mzhjpf;f
tf;fpuk; nfhg;gspf;fpd;wJ. ,jdhy;jhd; gy ehLfspy; gpwe;jTld;
ngz;zpd; ngz; cWg;G rpijf;fg;gLfpd;wNjh? ,jdhy;jhd; rpy
Mg;gphpf;f ehLfspy; ngz; cWg;igj; jpUkzk; tiu ijj;J
tpLfpd; w dNuh? ,e; j j; jpUkz ke; j puj; j py; njhlUk; thpfs;
mUtUg;ghd njhlHr;rpahf ePbj;J nry;Yfpd;wd. ngz;zpd; gpwg;G
202
gp. ,uahfud;
gp. ,uahfud;
203
KjNy ngz; cWg;ig ikakhf itj;J ke;jpu> je;jpu> rlq;Ffs;>

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,ope;j gpwtpahf> MZf;Ff; fPo;g;gl;Lr; Nrit nra;a
epHg;ge;jpf;fpd;wd. ,ij kPWtJ fw;gpw;Ff; fsq;fkhf tUzpj;J>
ngz;zpd; fw;Ghpik #iwahlg;gLfpd;wJ. ,ijj;jhd; jpUts;StH
NfhUfpd;whH. mij NkYk; ghHg;Nghk;.
~~rpiwfhf;Fk; fhg;G vtd; nra;Ak; kfspH
epiwfhf;Fq; fhg;Ng jiy||40
Mzhjpf;f mlf;FKiwia> xOf;fj;ij> gz;ghl;il td;Kiw
%yk; jpzpf; f hJ ngz; f shNyNa Vw; W f; n fhs; S k; tifapy;
Mzhjpf;fj;ij [dehaf kag;gLj;Jtijf; NfhUk; gz;ghLfs;
jhd; ,it. ,Jjhd; ngz;zpd; fw;Ghpikf;Fg; gpd;dhy; Mzhjpf;ff;
fw;ig tpgr;rhuk; nra;af; NfhUk; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l tbtkhfpd;wJ.
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tsj;jf;fhs; tho;f;ifj; Jiz||40
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elj;Jgts; cz;ikahd kidtpahths;. ngz; Mzpd; nghUshjhu
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Nghuhlf; $lhJ vd; g ijf; NfhUfpd; w J. FLk; g tWikia
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itf;Fk;. mJNghy; ngz; Cjhhpj;jdkhfr; nryT nra;fpd;wNghJk;
Mz; ,e;j mikg;gpd; Cjhhpj;jdj;ij vjpHj;J Nghuhlf; $lhJ
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NfhUfpd;wJ. xU ngz; Cjhhpahf ,Ue;jhYk; rhp> tWikapy;
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MZf;Fk; nghUe;Jk;. Mdhy; ngz;iz kl;Lk; NfhUtJ Vd;?
ciog;gpd; chpik ngz;Zf;F ,y;iy vd;gjhy;jhd;. njhlHe;J
ghHg;Nghk;.
204
gp. ,uahfud;
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vidkhl;rpj; jhapDk; ,y;.||40
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~~,y;ynjd; ,y;yts; khz;ghdhy; cs;snjd;
,y;yts; khzhf; fil||40
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#d;akhfptpLk;. ,e;jg; gz;G> kw;Wk; ew;Fzk; vd;gJ Mzpd;
Njitiag; G+Hj;jp nra;tjhf tiuaWf;fpd;wJ. xt;nthU FLk;gKk;
,e;j mikg;gpd; muR tbtkhfpd;wJ. xt;nthU MizAk; jpUg;jp
nra;Ak; eilKiw kl;Lk; NghJk;> ,e;j mikg;igf; fsq;fkpd;wp
ghJfhj;JtplKbAk;. ngz; G+Hj;jp nra;ahj epiyapy; Mz; ,e;jr;
rKjhaj;jpy; gadw;w xU cWg;G kl;Lkpd;wp> ,e;j mikg;gpd;
jfHit ntspf;fhl;Ltjhfpd;wJ.
Mzpd; ciog;igr; Ruz;Lk;
[dehafj;jpy;> Mz; ,e;j mikg;gpd; rl;lj;ij kjpf;ff; fw;Wf;
nfhs;Sk; tbtpy;> ngz; - Miz kjpf;Fk; gz;ghl;by; ,e;j
mikg;G gbKiwtbtpy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. kdpjid kdpjd;
mlf; F k; tbtk; rpijtpd; w p ghJfhf; f NfhUtNj ,jd;
KOtpsf;fkhFk;. njhlHe;J ghHg;Nghk;.
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ed;fyk; ed;kf;fl; NgW||40
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mzpfyd; MFk;.
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jpz;ikAz; lhfg; ngwpd;||40
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mjhtJ Mzpd; ,uj;j thhpRhpikia cWjp nra;Ak; chpikAk;>
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,uj;jf; fw;G thhpRhpik ghJfhf;ff; NfhUk; xOf;fk; MZf;F
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mtrpakhfpd;wNghJ jpUts;StH vd;d tpjptpyf;fh?
gp. ,uahfud;
205
~~jw;fhj;Jj; jw;nfhz;lhw; Ngzpj; jd; rhd;w

nrhw;fhj;Jr; NrhHtpyhs; ngz;|| 40
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fw;ig kPwp nrhe;jf; fw;Ghpikia epiyehl;Lk;NghJ rKjhaj;jpd;
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Mzhjpf;ff; fw;G xOf;fj;ij kPwp ngz; nrhe;jf; fw;Ghpikiaf;
ifahSk; N ghJ Mzpd; mjpfhuk; fhf; f pd; w J. ,J MZf; F
mtkhdkhf> rKjhaj;jpd; Nftykhd gf;fkhf Mzhjpf;f mikg;G
fUJfpd;wJ. ngz; jdJ nrhe;jf; fw;Ghpikiaf; ifahSk;NghJ
(,q;F NtW MZld; tho;e;jhYk; my;yJ cwT nfhz;lhYk;
my;yJ jdpj;J tho;e;jhYk;) mtis tpgr;rhhp vd;W
gl; l k; #l; L fpd; w J. ,ijj; j hd; jpUts; S tH ngz; Z f; F f;
nfhLf;fpd;whH. njhlHe;J jpUts;Sthplk; xOf;fk; gw;wpf; Nfs;tp
Nfl;Lg; ghHg;Nghk;.
~~ngw;whd; ngwpd;ngWtH ngz;BH ngUQ;rpwg;Gg;
Gj;NjspH thOk; cyfk;.|| 40
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kWikapy; NkYyfk; nry;ths; vd;fpwJ ghly; thpfs;. ngz;
kz;Zyfpy; mDgtpf;Fk; Jd;gj;Jf;F NkYyfk; Rfj;ijj; jUk;
vd; g J> Mzhjpf; f j; j pd; ,d; g j; i j ep[Tyfpy; ghJfhf; f
NfhUfpd;wJ. MZf;Fg; ngz; nra;Ak; Nritiaj; jpUts;StH>
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ngz; mbikj;jdj;ij epiyepWj;jg; NghuhLfpd;whH. MZf;Fg;
ngz; Nrit nra;ag; gpwe;j xU mbikjhd; vd;gijj; jhz;b
jpUts;StH fUj;Jf; $wptpltpy;iy.
~~Gfo;Ghpe;j ,y;ypNyhHf;F ,y;iy ,fo;thHKd;
VWNghy; gPL eil|| 40
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giftUf;Ff; fhl;lKbahJ. Mzpd; mjpfhuk;> nry;tk; ngz;iz
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206
gp. ,uahfud;
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Rje;jpuj;jpy;> Mz;ik Nfs;tpf;Fs;shf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Mzhjpf;f
Mz; i k ,oe; J Nghfpd; w NghJ rKjhaj; j py; ,opthf; f g; g l; L
[lkhff; $dpf; F WFfpd; w msTf; F > ngz; z bikj; j jdk;
nfhl;lkbf;fpd;wJ. ,ijj;jhd; jpUts;StH jdJ Fwspd; Clhff;
filg;gpbf;Fk;gb $wpAs;shH. Mzhjpf;f xOf;fj;ijf; fl;b fhj;J
ngz;iz ,opTgLj;j topfhl;b epd;whH> epw;fpd;whH. kDTf;F ve;j
tpjj;jpYk; FiwghL ,y;yhj tifapy; jpUts;StH
Mzhjpf;fthjpahfj; jd;idf; fhl;bf; nfhz;lhH. mij NkYk;
mjpfhuk; 91 ,y; ghHg;Nghk;.
~~kidtpiothH khz;ga nda;jhH tpidtpiothH
Ntz;lhg; nghUS kJ|| 40
kidtp nrhy; Nfl; g td; ve; j f; fhhpaj; i jAk; rhjpf; f
KbahjJld;> gad;fisAk; milakhl;lhd;.
~~NgzhJ ngz;tpioth dhf;fk; nghpaNjhH
ehzhf jUk;|| 40
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Mz;fs; vy;NyhUf;Fk; ntl;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jf; $baJ.
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ey;yhUs; ehDk; jUk;||40
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Mz;fs; Kd; jiyFdpe;J elf;f Ntz;Lk;.
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tpidahz;ik tPnwa;j ypd;W||40
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gad; ngwkhl;lhd;. mj;Jld; nghpNahH kjpf;fkhl;lhH.
~~,y;yhis aQ;Rth dQ;Rkw; nwQ;Qhd;wk;
ey;yhHf;F ey;y nray;||40
gp. ,uahfud;
207
kidtp nrhy; Nfl;gtd; cwtpdUf;Fk;> nghpahUf;Fk; cjtg;

gag;gLthd;.
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mikahHNjh sQ;R gtH||40
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tho;f;if elj;jpdhYk; kjpg;igg; ngw khl;lhd;.
~~ngz;Nzty; nra;njhOF khz;ikap dhZilag;
ngz;Nz ngUik Ailj;J||40
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~~el;lhH FiwKbahH ed;whw;whH ed;Djhd;
ngl;lhq; nfhOF ghH||40
kidtp nrhy; Nfl;gtd; ez;gHfspd; Fiwiag; Nghf;fKbahJ.
jHk fhhpak; nra;aKbahJ.
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ngz;Nzty; nra;thHf zpy;||40
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kw;iwa fhhpaq;fs; nra;aNth KbahJ.
~~vz; NrHj;j neQ;rj; jplDilahHf; nfhQ;Qhd;Wk;
ngz;NrHe;jhk; Ngjik apy;||40
ey;nyz;zk; nghUe;jpa mjdhy; caH epiy
mile;jtHfSf;F kidtpapd; mbikahFk; mwptpd;ik ,Uf;fhJ.
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$j;Jfs; xUGwk; ,d;W muq;Nfw> jpUts;StH Kjy; nfhz;L
muq;NfWk; jkpo;g; gz;ghL vd;w $j;jpd; gpd; ,it ngz;zpd;
,opthlypy; xd;WgLtijNa Fws; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ngz;zpd; nrhy;
Nfl;gJ Mz;fspd; Mz;ikf;F ,Of;F vd;gJk;> mwptPdj;jpd;
gz;G vd;gJk; nfhûkhdJ> NftykhdJ. kw;wtDf;Ff; nfhLg;gjpy;
ngz; jilahd ,opgpwtp vd;gJ> Mzhjpf;fj;jpd; nghJg;gz;igj;
jiykhw;wp xl;l itg;gjhFk;. Mzhjpf;fk; jdpr;nrhj;JhpikA+lhfr;
208
gp. ,uahfud;
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#l; L tJ jpUf; F wspd; jdpr; n rhj; J hpikAld; $ba Mzhjpf; f
tf;fpukhFk;.
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nrhj;Jhpikiaf; ifg;gw;wp mbikahf;fpaJ. mNjNeuk;> ngz;zplk;
ifg;gw;wpa jdpr;nrhj;ijg; ngz;top rKjhaj;Jf;Fg; Gwk;ghf>
Mz;top rKjha cwtpdUf;fpilapy; mDgtpj;jNghJ> ngz;zpd;
vjpHg;Gg; Nghuhl;lk; ,ay;ghf ,Ue;jJ. ,ij vjpHj;J Mz;topr;
r%fj;ij cUthf;fg; Nghupl;l jpUts;StUf;F> ngz;zpDila
ngz; topg; Nghuhl;lj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;sKbahj epiyapy;> ngz;
vjpHg;ig tf;fhpj;Jf; fhl;Lk; Mzhjpf;ff; Fws;jhd; ngz; tpNuhjj;
jd;ikapy; ntspg;gLfpd;wJ.
ngz; nrhy; Nfl;L elg;gtid ,opTgLj;jTk;> ngz;iz
tpl mt; t hiz ,opepiyf; F j; jho; j ; j ptplTk; jpUts; S tH
jtwtpy;iy. Mz;> ngz; Gj;jp Nfl;L ele;jhy;> mtdpd; Mz;ikia
MZf;F mbikahd ngz;zpd; ngz;ikia tplf; fPohdJ vd;W
jpUts;StH Fws; vOjp> jdJ Mzhjpf;fj; jpkpiug;
giwrhw;Wfpd;whH. ,d;W rKjhaj;jpy; Mz;fSf;fpilapy; elf;Fk;
Nkhjypy;> vjphpiag; ngz; Fwpj;j cWg;gpD}lhff; fPo; ,wf;fp
jpl;;LtJ my;yJ mJ Nghd;w nrhw;fshy; mtkhdg;gLj;JtJ
,ay; g hf cs; s J. ,q; F Mzhjpf; f f; nfhg; g spg; G fs; ngz;
mbikj;jdj;jpd; kPjhd Mzhjpf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J ntspf;fpsk;Gfpd;wd.
ngz;zpd; ghypay; ,d;gj;ijg;ngw mts; nrhy; Nfl;gtd;
vd;wjd; %yk;> ngz;izg; ghypay; ,ae;jpukhfg; gad;gLj;jf;
NfhUfpd;whH> ~khNkij| jpUts;StH. ngz;Zldhd cwit ntWk;
ghypay; EfHTg; gz;lkhff; fUJk; jpUts;StH> mijj; jhz;ba
kdpj cwTfisf; nfhr;irg;gLj;Jfpd;whH. ghypay; ,d;gj;ij
EfHTr; re;ijapy; ngWtJ Nghy; ngw;W> cwitj; Jz;bf;Fk;
,opepiyf;Fj; jpUts;StH topfhl;Lfpd;whH. ngz;> Mzpd; xU
ghypay; mbikahf ,d;gj;ijj; jUtJld;> MZf;Fr; Nrit nra;Ak;
xU tsHg; G eha; j hd; vd; g ijj; jhz; b Fwspd; xOf; f k;
nry;ytpy;iy.
gp. ,uahfud;
209
kidtp nrhy; Nfl;gtd; my;yJ ngz;Zld; jdJ fUj;ijg;

gfpHe;J nfhs;gtd; Nkhl;rj;ij milakhl;lhd; vd;w vr;rhpf;if>
kw;Wk; nghpNahH kjpg;igg; ngw khl;lhd; vd;gjd; Clhf> kdpjj;
jd;ikAs;s Mz; kpul;lg;gLfpd;whd;. ,e;jg; nghpNahH vd;gJ ahH?
Mzhjpf; f r; r%fj; jFjp ngw; w jdpr; nrhj; J hpikapd;
nfhs;isf;fhuHfs; MtH. nghpatHfs; vd;gJ Mzhjpf;fj; jdpr;
nrhj;Jhpikiar; rKjhaj;jplkpUe;J #iwahbg; ngw;w rKjhaj;jpd;
,ope;j gpwtpfs; MtH. kw;wtid mlf;fp mjpy; jk;ikg; nghpatHfs;
Mf;fpf; nfhz;ltHfs;. kw;wtid mlf;fpaNghJ fpilj;j mwpT>
nry;tk;> mjpfhuk; Nghd;wtw;why; nghpatHfs; MdtHfs;. ,tHfs;
rpe;jpj;jg;gb kidtpAld; NrHe;J tho;e;jtd;> caHe;j r%fj;
jFjpiag; ngw;wtHfs; MtH. MZk; ngz;Zk; NrHe;J tho;tij
my; y J ngz; z pd; top fhl; L jypy; tho; g tdpd; tho; f ; i fia>
jpUts;StH jpl;ltl;lkhf vjpHj;Jf; Fws; %yk; Mzhjpf;f mjpfhu
xOf;fj;ijf; NfhhpdhH. ,jd; %yk; ngz;iz ehapDk; fPohd
gpwtpahf ,opTgLj;jpdH. Mzhjpf;ff; Fws; vd;gJ Mzhjpf;fr;
rKjhaj; J f; F kl; L k; cjtf; $ba vy; i yf; F l; g l; l Jjhd; .
Mzhjpf;fj;Jf;Fk;> jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikf;F vjpuhd Nghuhl;lj;jpy;
FwSk;> mjd; xOf;f tpjpfSk;> nehWf;fg;gLk;;. ,d;W Fwis
Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jp> jpUts;StUf;F itf;Fk; rpiyfs;> jkpod;
ngahpy; Mzhjpf;fj; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikia> mjd; xOf;fj;ij
kPsTk; cWjpahd Nfhl;ghl;bd; Clhf epiyepWj;JtjhFk;. ,ij
kWj;J> ,ijj; jfHf;Fk; Nghuhl;lj;jpy;> jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikf;F
vjpuhd Nghuhl;lj;Jld; xd;wp epw;Fk; ngz;zpag; Nghuhl;lj;jpy;>
jpUts;Sthpd; epHthzkhd Mzhjpf;fj;jpd; rpy gf;fq;fis tHf;f
murpay;kakhf;Fk; Kaw;rpapd; rpWgFjpNa ,itahFk;
M. rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; Mzhjpf;fk;

fp.K. Ie;jhk; E}w;whz;L Kjy; fp.gp ,uz;lhk; E}w;whz;il
cs;slf;fpa fhyNk rq;f ,yf;fpaf; fhykhFk;. fp.K %d;whk;
E}w;whz;ilr; NrHe;j njhy;fhg;gpaKk; Mzhjpf;fr; rKjhaj;jpd;
vjhHj;j epiyikfs; Clhfg; gy jfty;fisj; je;Js;sd. ,e;j
vjhHj;jk; $l Nky;kl;lr; r%fg; gphpTfspd; epiyia kl;LNk
gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ. ,ij tuyhw;W hPjpahfg; Ghpe;J nfhz;L> r%f
tuyhw;iwg; Ghpe;J nfhs;tJ mtrpak;. nghUshjhu hPjpahf erpTw;w
gphpTfspd; tho; f ; i fapy; Mzhjpf; f f; $Wfs; gytP d khfTk; >
ngz;topr; rKjhaj; njhlHr;rpfs; Mokhf Nt&d;wp ,Ue;jijAk;
210
gp. ,uahfud;
ftdj; j py; nfhs; t J mtrpak; . rKjhaj; j py; Kuz; g l; l

gphpTfspilNa cs;s Mokhd NtWghl;bd; kPJ>
Mzhjpf;ff;
$Wfs; $l NtWgl; l mstpy; ,Ug; g J vjhHj; j khFk; . r%f
Kuz;ghl;by; mjpfhuj;jpYs;s gykhd gphpTfspd;; Mzhjpf;fk;
gz;gpay; hPjpahf tsHr;rpAw;W ,Uf;Fk; mNjNeuk;> kw;iwa jsj;jpy;
eypTw;Wk; fhzg;gLk;;. njhlHr;rpahd ,f;fl;Liuapd; gygFjpfis
,yFthf vLj;j vOj> njhFf;fg;gl;l ghly; thpfis ~gj;jpdpj;
nja;tq;fSk; guj;ijaH tPjpfSk; - gpNukh mUzhryk;| vd;w
E}y; Jizahf mikfpd;wJ. ,ijtpl gy E}y;fspy; ,Ue;J
,e;jg; gFjpia Muha;Nthk;. mf;fhyj;jpy; fhjy; vy;iy fle;jjhf
,Ue;jJ.
~~ve;epy kUq;fpw; G+Tk; Gs;Sk;
me;epyk; nghOnjhL thuh thapDk;
te;j epyj;jpd; gaj;j thFk;.||42
,e;jj; njhy;fhg;gpag; ghly; rhjpfle;j> epy vy;iy fle;j
fhjiyf; Fwpj;J epw;fpd;wJ. muR mikg;Gfspy;> njhopy;fs;>
ciog; G fs; vy; i y fle; J tphpe; j NghJ mq; F fhjYf; F k; >
jpUkzj;Jf;Fk; fl;LghL ,Ug;gjpy;iy. mq;F MZk; ngz;Zk;
tpUk;Gfpd;w tiuaiw> FLk;g ,izitf; NfhhpaJ. mwpKfkpy;yhj
epiyapYk; fhjy; mtHfis ,izf;fj; jaq;ftpy;iy.
md;W fw;G jpUkz tpRthrj;jpd; kl;lk; Fwpj;J> jpUkzj;jpd;
gpd;dhd xOf;fk; Nfhug;gl;lJ.
~~fw;ng g;gLtJ fuznkhL Gzuf;
nfhs;sw;Fhp kugpw; fpotd; fpoj;jpiaf;
nfhilf;Fhp kugpNdhH nfhLg;gf; nfhs;tJNt|| 43
md;W fd;dpg; ngz;fsplNa fw;G vjpHghHf;fg;gltpy;iy. ,d;W
,e; j pahtpy; rpy goq; F b ,dq; f spilNa fd; d papy; fw; G f;
Nfhug;gLtjpy;iy. mtHfs; tiuKiwaw;w GzHr;rpapy; <LgLfpd;wdH.
(ghHf;f - ,ay;ghd GzHr;rp njhpTfs;) md;W jpUkzj;jpd; gpd;
fztDf;F tpRthrkhf ,Ug;gij Mzhjpf;f ~~fw;G|| NfhhpaJ.
Mdhy;> ngz;zpd; fw;Ghpik midj;Jg; ngz;fspd; chpikahf
,Ue;jJ.
ngz;> Mzpd; mbikahf ,Ug;gJ epge;jidahf ,Ue;jJ.
nkhopapd; ,yf;fz topapy; ngz;zpd; ,yf;fzj;ijj; njhy;fhg;gpaH
gp. ,uahfud;
211
Vw;gLj;jpdhH. ,e;j Mzhjpf;f ,yf;fzq;fs; ngz;zpd; tho;T

kPjhd> jkpor;rp kPjhd rpiwahf khwpaJ. mijg; ghHg;Nghk;.
~~mr;rKk; ehZk; klDk; Ke;Jwjy;
epr;rKk; ngz;ghw; Fhpa||44 (njhy;- ngh - 96)
~~caphpDk; rpwe;jd;W ehNz ehzpDk;
nra;jPH fhl;rpf; fw;Gr;rpwe; jd;W||44 (njhy;- ngh - 111)
~~ehZk; klDk; ngz;ika Mfypd;
fw;Gk; fhkKk; ew;ghy; xOf;fKk;
nky;ypay; nghiwAk; epiwAk; ...
... fpoNths; khz;Gfs;||44 (njhy;- ngh - 150)
ghHg; g dpak; Mokhfj; jkpo; e hl; b y; Nt&d; w hj fhyj; J g;
ghly; f s; ngz; z pd; fw; G > xOf; f k; > mwpahikAld; tho; t Nj
ngz;zpd; ew;Fzkhfg; gpufldk; nra;j mNjNeuk;; ngz;zpd;
ew;Fzkhf mr;rk;> ehzk;> klikia mzpfyd;fshf;fpdH. ngz;
tP l ; L mbikahf MZf; F f; fP o ; g l; L thOk; tho; i tj; jdpr;
nrhj;Jhpik tbtpy; cUthf;fpdH. ,J cyfstpyhd nghJg;gz;ghf
,Ue;jjhy;> ,Ug;gjhy; vq;Fk; ngz;zpd; epiyia xNukhjphpahfNt
Mz;fs; kjpg;gpl;ldH. ngz; flikia cyfstpy; xNu rPuhf
tiuaWj;j Mz;fs;> #oy; rhHe;j cw;gj;jp NtWghLfspy;jhd;
rpy tpjptpyf;Ffs; fhzg;gl;ld. jkpo; ehl;by; ghHg;gdpak; CLUtpa
NghJ Mzhjpf;fk; ,e;JkakhdJ. ,g;gb ngz;fis mbikg;gLj;jp
ghba njhy; f hg; g paH> Mz; f s; tpgr; r hhpfis mZFtij
mq;fPfhpf;fpd;whH.
Ntz;Lk; vd;gijg; ngz;Zf;Fhpa ey;nyhOf;fkhff; $Wfpd;whH.

~~mtd; NrhHT fhj;jy; flnddg; gLjypd;
kfd;jh AaHGe; jd;DaH ghFQ;
nry;td; gzpnkhop ,ay;ghfyhd]||44
(njhy;. ngh.fw;gpay; - 33)
MZf;F mlq;fp> ghypay; ,ae;jpukhfpg; NghFk; ngz;fisg;
gu];guk; kjpj;J caHthfg; Nghw;wp thoNtz;Lk; vd;W NfhUfpd;whH.
tpgr;rhhpiaj; njhy;fhg;gpaH ~kfd; - jha;| vd;W $Wtjd; %yk;>
thhpR topahf Mzpd; r%f milahsj;ij caHj;jpf; fhl;Lfpd;whH.
Miztpl caHe;j mwpTk; jFjpAk; nfhz;bUe;jhYk;> ngz; mlq;fp
elg;gNj ngz;ik vd;fpd;whH.
~~jw;Gfo; fpstp fpotd;Kw; fpsj;jy;
vj;jpwj; jhDk; fpoj;jpf; fpy;iy
Kw;gl tFj;j ,uz;lyq; filNa||44
(njhy;. ngh.mb - 178)
Mz; jd;idg; GfoTk;> ngUik NgrTk; chpikAz;L vd;W
$Wk; njhy; f hg; g paH> ngz; f s; mg; g bg; NgRtJ ngz; i kapd;
rpWiknad;fpd;whH. ngz;fs; mlf;f xLf;fkhf> erpe;J tho;tijNa
cahpa gz;ghf Kd;itf;fpd;whH. xU ngz; jdJ nrhe;jf; fhjy;
Ntl;ifiaf; $WtJ moF my;y vd;W rl;lk; NghLfpd;whH.
~~jd;DW Ntl;if fpotd;Kw; fpsj;jy;
vz;Zq; fhiyf; fpoj;jpf; fpy;iy||44
~~fhkf;fpoj;jp kNdNahs; vd;wptH|| (njhy;. ngh - 144)

~~khag; guj;ij cs;spa topAk;|| (njhy;. ngh - 145)
- vd;W ghLk; njhy;fhg;gpaH> tpgr;rhuk; r%f mq;fPfhukhf
,Ug;gij kWf;ftpy;iy. ngz;zpd; xOf;fj;ijf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;
ghly;fs;> Mzpd; tpgr;rhuj;ijg; ngz;fs; Vw;Wg;Nghff; NfhUfpd;wd.
,ij mtH E}w;.171 ,y;> tpgr;rhhpaplk; jha; Nghy; Ngrp mtisj;
jOtp thoNtz;Lk; vd;W ngz;fSf;F mwpTiu $Wfpd;whH. ,ij
epahag;gLj;j Mz; Jd;gg;glTk;> NrhHT milaTk; $lhj tifapy;
ngz; ,zq;fpg; NghfNtz;Lk; vd;W $Wfpd;whH. mjhtJ Mzpd;
tpgr;rhuj;Jf;Fg; gha;tphpj;J Cf;fk; nfhLj;J> mDrhpj;J epw;f
212
gp. ,uahfud;
(njhy;. ngh. m - 116)

fztdplk; $l ngz; jdJ ,aw;ifahd ghypay; Njitiaf;
NfhUtJ> $WtJ ngz; z pd; mlf; f xLf; f khd ehzj; J f; F g;
gq;fkhdJ vd;gij xOf;fg; gz;gpayhf;Ffpd;whH. ngz;fs; tPl;by;
tho Ntz; b ajd; NjitiaAk; > Mz; f Sf; F g; gzptpil
nra;tijAk; ngz;zpd; gzpahf;Ffpd;whH.
~~Ke;ePH tof;fk; kf^cNthL ,y;iy||44 (njhy;. ngh - 37)
~~vz;zUq; ghriwg; ngz;NzhLk; GzuhH||44
(njhy;. ngh - 173)
gp. ,uahfud;
213
ngz;fs; NghUf;Fr; nry;tJ> ntspaplq;fSf;Fr; nry;tJ

jLf;fg;gl;lij ,e;j thpfs; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ngz;izr; rKjha
ciog;gpy; ,Ue;J md;dpag;gLj;jpajd; %yk;> mtspd; flikfs;
vy;iyg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. %yjdj;ijj; jpul;bj; jUk; topapy;
Mz; f spd; flik tphpthfpd; w J. ntspaplk; nry; t J Kjy;
nghUSf;fhd Aj;jk; nra;tJ tiu Mzpd; gzpahf
tiuaWf;fg;gl;ljd; %yk;> Mzhjpf;fj; jdpAilik mikg;gpyhd
Rje;jpuk;> [dehafk; ngz;Zf;F kWf;fg;gl;ljd; %yk;> ngz;
NkYk; gytPdkhd gae;j mbikahf;fp ,opthf;fg;gl;lhs;. khwhfg;
ngz;zpd; flik tiuaWf;fg;gl;lJ.
~~tpUe;JGwe; jUjYk; Rw;wk; xk;gYk;
gpwT kd;d fpoNths; khz;Gfs;||44
(njhy;. ngh. m - 150)
ngz; tUNthiu tuNtw;W cgrhpj;J tpUe;J nfhLj;J>
Rw;wj;jhiu eakhfg; guhkhpg;gijNa jkpohpd; gz;ghL vd;gJ
ngz;Zf;F ,l;l tpyq;fhFk;. ,e;j Mzhjpf;fj; jkpo;g; gz;ghl;bd;
gpd;dhy; ghHg;gdpak; ifNfhHj;J xd;W fye;jNghJ mJ ,e;J
Mzhjpf;fkhf tsHr;rpngw;wJ.
rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; 2000 Mz;LfSf;F Ke;jpait. fhjy;
njhlHghff; FWe;njhifg; ghly;fs; vd;d fUj;ij Kd;itf;fpd;wJ
vdg;ghHg;Nghk;.
~~ahTk; QhAk; ahuh fpaNuh
ve;ijAk; Ee;ijAk; vk;Kiwf; NfsPH
ahDk; ePAk; vt;top mwpJk;
nrk;Gyg; ngadPH Nghy
md;Gila neQ;rk; jhq;fye; jhNt|| 42
,aw;ifahd GzHr;rpaw;w epiyapy; ghLtjhf mikfpd;wJ.
mjpy; fhjy; GzHr;rpf;F ve;j tiuaiwAk; mtrpakw;wJ vd;gijAk;>
md;ghd neQ;rq;fspd; ,izg;Ng NghJk; vd;Wk; $wpepw;fpd;wJ.
,JNghd;W ew;wpizg;ghl;L fhjiyj; njhopy; rhh;e;J tphpe;j jsj;jpy;
ele;jij vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
~~,tNs fhdy; ez;zpa fhkH rpWFb
ePyepwg; ngUq;fly; fyq;f cs;Gf;F
214
gp. ,uahfud;
kPndwp gujtH kfNs ePNa

neLq;nfhb Elq;Fk; epak %JhHf;
fLe;NjHr; nry;td; fhjy; kfNd
epzr;Rwh mWj;j czf;fy; Ntz;b
,dg;Gs; xg;Gk; vkf;Feyd; vtNdh
GyTehWJk; nrywpd; wPNkh
ngUePH tpisAnsQ; rpWey; tho;f;if
Ek;nkhL GiutNjh md;Nw
vk;k Ndhhpd; nrk;kY Kilj;Nj|| 42
- vd;w ghly; njhopy; rhHe;j epiyapy; vy;iyfle;j> rhjpfle;j
jpUkzk; elg;gijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. md;W ghHg;gdpak; Mokhf
CLUthj epiyapy;> ciog;G rhHe;J rhjpapUe;j NghJk;> guk;giu
rhjp cwT cUthfp tpltpy;iy. mjhtJ FLk;g topahfr; rhjp
Njhd;whj epiyapy; ciog;G rhHe;J rhjp cUthdNghJ> jpUkzk;
gue;j vy;iyf;Fs; elg;gijj; jLj;Jtpltpy;iy. FLk;gk; rhHe;j
cwTjhd; FWfpaj; jpUkzj;Jf;fhd Cw;W%ykhfpaJ. jpUkzj;jpd;
vy;iy tphpe;jpUe;j NghJ> ngz;zpd; Rje;jpuKk; tphpe;j jsj;jpNyNa
,Ue;jJ.
~~RlHj; njhB, Nfsha; njUtpy; elkhL|| 42 vd;W njhlq;Fk;
FwpQ;rpf;fypapy; mwpKfkw;w xUtd; Fbf;f ePH Nfl;L te;jNghJ >
jha; xUj;jp kfis ePH nfhLf;f mDg;Gfpd;whs;. mtd; jdJ
tyf;ifiag; gpbj;jhd; vd;W ghly; thpfs; $Wfpd;wd. mtdpd;
KJifj; jha; jlTtJk;> jha; mtidf; fs;td; (fsT njhopiyr;
nra;j kf;fs; $l;lk; fs;tH rhjpahf ,Ue;jJ.) kfd; vdf; $WtJk;>
mtHfs; ghyhd cwitAk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whs;. ,e;jj; jpUkzj;jpy;
MNz ntspaplj;jpy; ,Ue;J tUgtdhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;;. mjhtJ
ngz;topr; rKjhaj;jpd; vy;iy Mz; - ngz; tPL Njb tUtJ
md;iwa kughf ,Ue;Js;sJ. ngz; jdJ jha;topg; gpuNjrj;ijj;
jhz;br; nry;tJ vd;gJ fpilahJ. ngz;zpd; tho;f;if jha;top
epyj; njhlHfspNyNa tho;e;jhs;. ,q;F gy ntspaplj;J Mz;fs;
te;J NghtJk;> ngz; mtHfisf; fhz;gJk; ,ay;ghd epfo;r;rpahFk;;.
,e;j Mz;fspy; ,Ue;Nj ngz; Mizj; njhpT nra;fpd;whs;;.
~~kw;wptd; kfNd Njhop|| vd;w fUj;jpd; %yk; Mzpd; r%fj; jFjp
vijAk; Nfhutpy;iy. ciog;G ,aw;if kPNj rhHe;J ,Ue;jjhy;>
cw;gj;jpf;fhd %yk; mirahr; nrhj;jhf ,Ue;jjhy;> ngz;zpd;
epiyahd nrhj;ij Nehf;fp Mz; tUk;NghJ ciog;igj; jtpu
gp. ,uahfud;
215
nghUshjhu hPjpahfj; jpUkzj; jFjp vd;gJ vy;iyg;gl;lJ. Mz;>

ngz;Zf;Fk; ngz;zpd; FLk;gj;Jf;Fk; md;gspg;Gfs; nfhLf;f
Ntz;bapUe;jJ.
~~rhd;NwhH tUj;jpa tUj;jk; jkJ
thd;Njha; td;d FbikAk; Nehf;fpj;
jpUkzp tud;Wk; Fd;wk; nfhz;bts;
tUKiy Mfk; toq;fpNdh kd;Nw
m/jhd;W> milnghUs; fUJthH Mapd; FilnahL
fOkyk; je;j ew;NwhHr; nrk;gpad;
gq;Fdp tpotpd; cwe;ijnahL
cs;sp tpotpd; tQ;rpAk; rpwpNj||42
Mz;> ngz; tPl;il Nehf;fpr; nry;Yk;NghJ md;gspg;Gfs;
nfhLg; g J tof; f hf ,Ue; j J. ,jd; %yk; j hd; ngz; i z
milaKbAk;;. ,J ,d;iwa Mz; topr; r%f eilKiwf;F
vjphpilahdJ. mj; J ld; ngz; z pd; FLk; g j; j py; fbdkhf
ciof; f Ntz; b apUe; j J.
mfehDhW ghly; thpfs; ,ijj;
njspthf;fpd;wd.
~~nghd;dlHe; jd;d xs;spzHr; nrUe;jpg;
gd;kyH Nta;e;j eyk;ngW Nfhijas;
jpzpkzy; milfiu mytd; Ml;b
mirapd spUe;j Ma;njhbf; FWkfs;
eyQ;rhy; tpog;nghUs; fyepiw nghLgpd;Dk;
ngwyUq; Fiuashapd; mwe;njhpe;J
ehKiw Njvk; k&cg;ngaHe; jtndhL
,UePHf; Fl;lk; GiznahL Gf;Fk;
gLj;jdk; gzpj;jdk; mLj;jdk; ,Ug;gpd;
jUFtd; nfhy;Nyh jhNd tphpjpiuf;
fz;bud; Kj;jq; nfhz;L Qhq;fHj;
NjdpkpH mfd;fiug; gFf;Fk;
fhdyk; ngUe;Jiwg; ghutd; ekf;Nf||42
~~ahDk; fhnjnyd ahTk;edp nta;as;

ve;ijAkq; nfhB,aH Ntz;Lk;
mk;g YhUk; mtNdhL nkhopNk||42
MZk; ngz; Z k; tpUk; g pf; fhjy; nra; A k; N ghJ r%fk;
mjw;Fj; Jizahf> gf;fgykhf ,Ue;Js;sJ. ,d;iwa r%fk;
Nghy; fhjiyf; Fw;wkhff; fUjtpy;iy. fypj;njhifg; ghly;
xd;wpy;>
~~njhpfiz Nehf;fpr; rpiyNehf;fpf; fz;Nre;J
xUgf nyy;yh Kuj;njOe; jhwp
,UtHfl; Fw;wKk; ,y;iyah nyd;W
njUkj;J rha;j;jhH jiy||42
,J khwpte;j rKjha ,ay;igf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. fhjiy
vjpHj;J epw;Fk; FLk;gk; gpd; xj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;wJ. ngw;NwhH jdf;Fg;
gpbj;jtidf; fl;lhag;gLj;jpj; jpUkzk; nra;tij tpl> jpUkzk;
nra;gtHfspd; tpUg;gj;Jf;F ,zq;fpNghd epiyiag; ghly; vLj;Jf;
fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,q;F rhjp> nghUs;> kjk; vd vJTk;
jiltpjpj;jjpy;iy. mtHfspd; gu];gu fhjy; Kjd;ikahd mk;rkhf
,Ue;jJ. Mzhjpf;fj; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpik tsHr;rpapd; tpisthy;
ngz;zpd; fw;G Mz; rhHe;J Nfhug;gLfpd;wJ. njhy;fhg;gpak; ,ij
typAWj;Jfpd;wJ.
ngz;zpd; je;ijAld; cg;gq; fodpapy; cod;whf Ntz;Lk;;.

kPd;gpbf;f Mo;fly; nry;yNtz;Lk;. md;igg; gyg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
,e;j epiyapy; jhd; ngz;izg; ngw;wtHfs; ngz;izj; jdf;F
jUthHfs; vd; w sTf; F Mz; Vq; F tijg; ghly; thpfs;
njspthf;Ffpd;wd. md;W> ngz; mbikahfp tpltpy;iy. ngz;
216
jpUkzk; ,d;wp fd;dpahfg; GOq;fp rpijatpy;iy. Mz; - ngz;iz

miltJ vd;gJ> ngz;izj; jpUg;jp nra;tijr; rhHe;jpUe;jJ.
ngz;Zk; MZk; fhjy; nra;J ,Ue;jhYk;> mtHfs; Foe;ijiag;
ngw;W ,Ue;jhYk;> Miz me;jf; FLk;gj;jpy; mq;fPfhpj;J jpUkzk;
nra;tJ vd;gJ nghpatHfspd; Mrpapy; jq;fpapUe;jJ. md;W fhjy;
jpUkzj;Jf;Fj; jil tpjpg;gJ r%fg; gz;ghly;y. FWe;njhif
51.4-6 ,y;> ,jw;Fr; rhd;whf cs;sJ.
gp. ,uahfud;
~~fw;Gq; fgkKk; ew;gh nyhOf;fKk;

nky;ypaw; nghiwAk; epiwAk; ty;ypjpd;
tpUk;Gwj; jUjYk; Rw;wk; Xk;gYk;
gpwT kd;d fpoNths; khz;Gfs;||42
ngz; fw;igg; ghJfhg;gJk;> mjD}lhfr; r%f mq;fPfhuj;ijg;
ngWtJk; mtspd; xOf; f khf ,Ue; j J. Mzpd; xOf; f k;
gp. ,uahfud;
217
Nfhug;gltpy;iy. Mzpd; nray;fisg; ngz; mq;fPfhpj;J ,zq;fpg;

NghtNj ngz;zpd; xOf;fkhfpaJ. ghpghly; jpul;L 1.18-21 ,y;>
~~guj;jik kWj;jy; Ntz;bAq; fpoj;jp
klj;jF fpoik cilik ahDk;
md;gpiy nfhbia vd;wYk; chpats;.|| 42
~~kidf;F tpsf;fhfpa thZjy; fzt|| 44 (Gwk; 314)

||NrzhW eWEjy; Nrapio fzt|| 44 (gjpw; 7:5)
~~GiuNahd; fzt||44 (gjpw; 7.10)
Mz;> tpgr;rhhpaplk; Ngha; te;jhYk; ngz; mijr; rfpj;J

thoTk;> fztDf;F md;ghd gzptpil nra;aTk; Mzhjpf;f
xOf;fk; ngz;Zf;F cgNjrpf;fpd;wJ. rq;fg; ghly;fs; ngz;zplk;
xOf;fkhf Mzhjpf;ff; fw;igg; gythf> milnkhopA+lhf Kd;
itf;fpwJ. ~ehzy;yJ ,y;yhf; fw;G> tLtpy; fw;G> khrpy; fw;G>
Mwpa fw;G> flTs; rhd;w fw;G> mwQ;rhy; fw;G> Ky;iy rhd;w
fw;G> mlq;fpa fw;G> ed;wp rhd;w fw;G||42 vd;W fw;G gw;wpa $w;Wfs;
ngz;zpd; khwpte;j Mzhjpf;fr; rKjha tsHr;rpiaf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
GwehD}W> gjpw; W g; g j; J > jpUKUfhw; W g; g il> mfehD}W>
rpWghzhw;Wg;gil> FWe;njhif Mfpatw;iw ,aw;wpa ntt;NtW
fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; ,e;jf; fw;G xOf;fk; khwpa tbtpy; ,Ue;jij
,J fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ngz;Zf;F ,ijj; jpzpj;jNghJ xNuabahfj;
jpzpj; J tpltpy; i y. nkJthf> fhuzf; fhhpaj; njhlHG+lhf>
ngz;izg; gbg;gbahf Vw;f itf;fg;gl;lJ. fw;G ,d;W ,Ug;gJ
Nghy; md;W ,Ue;jjpy;iy. md;W khwpa gy;NtW tbtpy; fhy
,ilntspfspy; ngz;zplk; gbg;gbahf Vw;fitj;J
jpzpf;fg;gl;lijNa ,e;jf; fw;G fhl;Lfpd;wJ. FWe;njhif ghly;
315 ,y;> ngz;zpd; flik Mzpd; xOf;f kPwy;fisj; jhz;b
Nfhug;gLtijg; ghHg;Nghk;.
~~vOjU kjpaq; flw;fz; lhmq;
nfhOnts; sUtp Nahq;Fkiy ehld;
Qhap widad; Nwhop
neUQ;rp aidantd; ngUk;gizj; NjhNs||42
fztd; tpgr; r hhpaplk; nry; t jhy; Vw; g Lk; ngz; z pd;
Jd;gj;ijg; ngz;zpd; flik rhe;jg;gLj;Jtjhf Mzhjpf;f xOf;fk;
Gfl; L fpd; w J. Foe; i jiag; ngWtjd; %yk; Mzpd; thhpir
tsHf; F k; ngz; z pd; ,ay; g hd jha; i k czHr; r pia md; g pd;
,yf;fzkhf;fpdH. nrhj;Jhpikaw;w ngz; ,ae;jpukhdhs;. ,e;j
,ae; j puj; j py; ,Ue; J fztdpd; thhpirg; ngw; W f; nfhLf; F k;
flikia Iq;FWE}w;wpy; 405 ghly;fSk; vLj;J ,ak;Gfpd;wd.
ngz; z pd; fw; G topapd; Clhf Mizg; Gfo; t J Mzhjpf; f
ehpj;jdj;jpy; xd;W. mijg; ghHg;Nghk;.
218
~~nrapHjPH fw;gpd; Nrapio fzt||44 (Gwk; 3)
gp. ,uahfud;
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gl;lNjh> mJNghy;jhd; rq;f ,yf;fpak; rpy ngz;fspd; ngauhy;
Mzhjpf;fj;ij kWjiyahf epWTtJ tof;fhf cs;sJ. ngz;zpd;
tpNrl flikfs; Clhf ,it Nghw;wg;gl;lJ. mNjNeuk; tPuj;jha;
kfidg; NghH Kidf;F mDg;Gtij tPukhfg; Nghw;Wk; gz;G>
cz;ikapy; jha;ik kPjhd Mzhjpf;ff; flikia Kd;itg;gjhFk;;..
jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik Aj;jq;fspy; jha;ik fhl;Lk; vjpHg;ig> tPuj; jhahff;
fl;likj;Jf; fhl;Lk; elj;ijfs; %yk; Aj;jk; epahag;gLj;jg;
gLfpd;wJ. jha; kfd; ,we;j nra;jp Nfl;L NghHKid nrd;W
fjWk; fhl;rpiaj; jpir jpUg;g> mk;G vq;Nf gl;lJ vd;W NjLtjhff;
fhl;Lk; kuG> cz;ikapy; Aj;jf; nfhLikf;Fr; r%f mq;fPfhuk;
NfhhptpLk; tpz;zg;gkhFk;.
nrhe;jf; Foe;ijia ,of;Fk; ve;jj; jha;ikAk;
kfpo; T Wtjpy; i y. vt; t sTjhd; epahakhd Nghuhl; l j; j py;
kuzpj;jhYk; jha;ik [Puzpf;fKbahj Jauj;ijr; re;jpf;fpd;wJ.
Rw; w j; j hhpd; tho; t py; khw; w j; i jr; nrhe; j kfdpd; ,og; G
Vw;gLj;Jk;NghNj> ,jdhy; Rw;wj;jhH mg;ngz;Zf;Ff; nfhLf;Fk;
khpahij mtspd; kfidapl;Lg; ngUikg;glitf;fpd;wJ. ,q;F
kuzj;ijapl;L my;y mtdpd; r%f Nehf;fj;ijapl;Nl. ,JNt
fztdpd; kuzj;jpYk; ngz;zpd; epiyahFk;. Mdhy;
ngz;zpathjpfs; kuzj;ijapl;L Mzhjpf;f Aj;j mikg;G toq;fpa
~tP u j; j ha; | gl; l j; i j> ngz; z pd; ngUik NrHf; F k; gFjpahf
tUzpf;fpd;wdH. ,J Mzhjpf;f Aj;jj;ij epahag;gLj;j> mjw;fhd
tPuHfisj; jpul;l ngz;fspd; jha;ikia mopf;Fk; NkhrbahFk;.
~~<d;W Gwe;jUjy; vd;jiyf; flNd||145 vd;w GwehD}w;Wg; ghly;
Mzhjpf;f mikg;gpy; ngz;zpd; flikiag; ngz; tPuj;jpD}lhfg;
Nghw;WtJ cz;ikapy; ngz;zpd; mbikj;jdj;ij NkYk; cWjp
nra;tjhFk;.
~~gpwUk; xUj;jpia vk;kidj; je;J tJit maHj;jid|| 44
vd;w mfehD}w;Wg; ghly; 46 ,y;> tpgr;rhuj;jpy; <Lgl;l ngz;fis
Mz;fs; tPl;Lf;Ff; $l;bte;J jkJ kidtpAld; itj;jpUe;jijf;
gp. ,uahfud;
219
fhl;Lfpd;wJ. nrhe;j kidtp xUjhukzj;jpy; ,Uf;f> gyjhukzj;jpy;

,d;gk; fhZk; Mz;fs;> mij tPLtiu nfhz;L tuTk; jaq;ftpy;iy.
mij epahag;gLj;jTk; rKjhak; gpd;epw;ftpy;iy. Mz;fspd; ghypay;
,d;gk; tiuKiwaw;w Nfhl;ghl;lhy; epahag;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. Mz;fspd;
thhpirg; ngz; ngw;Wg; NghlKbahjNghJ> Mz; kWkzk; nra;Ak;
chpik mq; f P f hpf; f g; g l; L > mij kidtpNa Kd; e pd; W elj; j
epHg;ge;jpf;fg;gl;lhs;. Iq;FWE}W ghly; 292 ,y;>
~~epd;dpDQ; rpwe;jts; vkf;Nf ePeae;J
ed;kd mUq;fb mau
vk;eyk; rpwg;gahk; ,dpg; ngw;NwhNs||44
ngz; Foe;ij ngwhtpl;lhy; mts; rKjha hPjpahf ,opthff;
fUJk; jdpr; nrhj; J hpik thhpR r%f mikg; g py; > Mzpd;
kyl; L j; j dk; epidj; J f; $ l ghHf; f KbahJ ,Ue; j J. Mz;
Mz; i kAs; s tdhff; fUJk; nghJ r%ff; fz; N zhl; l j; j py; >
ngz;zpd; ngz;ik thhpR tsq;fs; Clhfg; Nghw;wg;gl;lJ. ,e;j
thhpirg; ngw;Wg; Nghlhtpl;lhy; mts; kybahfptpLfpd;whs;;. ,e;j
epiyapy; Mzhjpf; f k; tiuaWj; j ngz; i kia Mzhjpf; f k;
Nftyg;gLj;jp rpWikg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,e;j ,optpy; r%ff; nfsutk;
,oe;J Ntiyf;fhhpahf> nfhj;jbikahf tho;tpd; ,opepiyf;Fj;
js;sptpLk; tho;tpy; ,Ue;J jg;gpg; gpiof;f> fztDf;F mtshfNt
Kd;dpd;W xU jpUkzj;ijr; nra;tjd; %yk; kPs Kay;fpd;whs;.
khw;whd; tapw;wpy; ,Ue;J ngWk; thhpR> jdf;F vjpuhd ,opthliyj;
jLf;Fk; vd;W ek;gp> fztdpd; ghypay; kw;Wk; thhpRhpikia
epiwTr; nra;a Kidfpd;whs;. Mdhy;> kyl;Lj;jdk; MZf;Fk;
cz;L vd;gJ> mtshy; Ghpe;J nfhs;sf;$ba mwptpay;G+Htkhd
r%f mikg;gpy; mts; tho;e;Jtpltpy;iy. ngz; fUtsk; ,of;fpd;w
NghJ> mtspd; r%fj; jFjp jho;j;jg;gl;Lf; Nftykhf;fg;gl;lhs;.
ngz; MZf;fhf myq;fhuk; nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;gJ kuG.
fztd; tPL tukhl;lhd; vdj; njhpe;jhy; my;yJ ntspA+H nrd;why;
ngz; jd;id myq;fhpg;gJ r%f hPjpahf mq;fPfhpf;fg;gltpy;iy.
mlf;f xLf;fkhff; fztdpd; ghypay; Njitiag; G+h;j;jp nra;tJ>
moF Fwpj;j ghHit MZf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdJ. ew;wpiz ghly; 42
,y;>
~~... nknyd
kz;zhf; $e;jy; khrwf; foP,r;
rpy;NghJ nfhz;L gy;Fuy; mOj;jpa||44
220
gp. ,uahfud;
G+r;#LtJ> myq;fhuk; nra;tJ vd;gJ Fwpj;j fztDf;F

kl;Lk; nra;Ak; fhyk; rq;ffhyk;. ,d;W ngz; myq;fhuk; nra;tJ
nkhj;j Mz; r%fj;Jf;Fk; vd;w epiyf;Fr; nrd;Wtpl;lJ. Mz;fs;
fz;Fspug; ngz;iz mDgtpg;gJ vd;w epiyf;F> cyfkakhjypd;
moFuhzp Nghl;b Kjy; khly; tiu ePz;L fplf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j
topapy; xt;nthU ngz;Zk; jd;idj;jhd; myq;fhpf;fpd;whs;. ehk;
Vd; myq;fhpf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;w #LRuizaw;w gz;ghl;by;> ngz;zpd;
myq;fhuk; Mzhjpf;fj;jpd; ghypay; tf;fpuj;ijg; G+Hj;jp nra;fpd;wJ.
ngz; f s; > Mz; f s; ,urpf; f pd; w mofpahfpd; w dH. ,J xUjhu
kzj;ijj; jhz;br; nry;Yfpd;wJ. md;W ngz; fztDf;fhf
myq;fhpj;jNghJ> ngz;zpd; czHTfisg; Gwf;fzpj;jJ. ,d;W
ngz; jd;id myq;fhpf;fpd;wNghJ> ngz; rKjhaj;jpd; ghypay;
gz; l khf; f g; g Lfpd; w hs; . ,q; F ,ijg; ngz; z pd; jdpg; g l; l
chpikahf; f pajd; %yk; > ngz; z pd; RaczHit [dehafk; ; >
Rje;jpuj;jpd; gpd;dhy; Mzhjpf;fk; tpgr;rhuj;Jf;F ,l;Lr;nrd;Ws;sJ.
ngz;fs;> Mz;fspd; md;igg; ngw ahidapd; vr;rpiy cz;z
Ntz;Lk; vd;w kj Mzhjpf;f tpsf;fq;fis md;iwa ngz;
nfhz;bUe;jhs;. ghpghlypy; 19 Mk; ghly;44 ,ij tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.
ngz; fztdpd; vr; r py; Nrhw; i w cz; L tho; t J mtspd;
tpjpahfpaJ. fztd; cz;l Nfhg;igapy; kpr;r kPjpfis cz;L
jdJ mbikj; j dj; i j vLj; J f; f hl; L tJ ngz; z pd; caHe; j
gz; g hfr; r%fk; fUjpaJ. nrhj; J hpikia ,oe; j ngz; >
jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik mikg;gpy; Mzplk; nghUshjhu hPjpahfr; rhHe;J
thoNtz;ba epiyapy;> me;j Mzpd; vr;rpy; Nrhw;iw cz;L
tho;tjd; %yk;> mtspd; mbikj;jdj;ij [dehafg;gLj;jpaJ.
,jD}lhf vjpH Nfs;tp mHj;jkw;wjhfpaJ. nrhj;Jhpikia Mzpd;
capuhf;fp> mijg; ngz; rhHe;J tho FWe;njhifapy; 135 -Mk;ghly;
xOf;fkhf;Ffpd;wJ.
~~tpidNa MltHf;FapNu ths;Ejy;
kidAiw kfspHf;F MltH capH||44
Mzpd; capH nrhj; J hpik jUk; ciog; g hf ,Uf; f >
ngz;Zf;F vr;rpy; NrhW NghLk; fztd; ngz;zpd; capuhf
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jdpr; n rhj; J hpik mikg; g py; > ngz; fztidj; j hd; caHe; j
nja; t khff; fhz; f pd; w hs; . Mzhjpf; f mikg; g py; MZf; F r;
nrhj;Jhpik mjpfhuj;ij
toq;f> ngz; mij ,oe;J Mzpd;
gp. ,uahfud;
221
mbikahdhs;. ,ijnahj;j ,d;ndhU thpiaf; FWe;njhifapy;

ghHg;Nghk;.
~~QhapW mizad; Njhop
neQ;rp miza vd; ngUk; gizj;NjhNs||44
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neUQ;rp kyH vd;W fhl;Lk; ctikfs;> ngz;zpd; nrhj;Jhpikaw;w
epiyiaf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. Mz; vg;gb #hpadhfpd;whd;;. ciog;ig
capuhf;Ffpd;whd;. ngz;Zf;F ciog;G kWf;fg;gl;L> tPl;by; Mzpd;
flikiar; nra; a epHg; g e; j pf; f g; g l; l epiyapy; > ngz; Mzpd;
mbikahfpd;whs;;. ngz; nrhj;Jhpikia> ciog;igf; nfhz;L
thOk; N ghJ ,e; j Mzhjpf; f j; j pd; md; i wa ctikfs; >
tiuKiwfs; mHj;jkw;Wg; Nghtijf; fhzKbAk;;. Miz Nehf;fpg;
ngz; neUQ;rp kyuhfj; jpUk;gNtz;bajpy;iy. mJNghy; ngz;
ciog;ig capuhff; fUjKbAk;.
ngz;zpd; fw;G gw;wp %d;W tiuaiwfs; rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy;
Nfhug;gl;ld. mit jiyf;fw;G> ,ilf;fw;G> filf;fw;G MFk;.
,it ngz;zpd; xOf;fkhf> gz;ghlhf> Nkd;ikahff; fUjg;gl;lJ.
fztd; ,we;jij mwpe;J cld; ,wg;gJ jiyf;fw;ghfTk;> fztdpd;
rpijapy; cld;fl;il VWtJ ,ilf; fw;ghfTk;> fztd; ,we;j
gpd; Nehd;G g+z;L tho;tJ filf;fw;ghfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,jpy;
VNjh xd;iw ,d;Wk; ngz;fisf; filg;gpbj;J xOff; NfhUfpd;wJ
Mzhjpf;fk;. cld;fl;il Vw;Wk; tof;fk; ,e;J kj tf;fpuj;jpd;
njhlHr; r pahf ,d; W k; elj; j g; g LtJld; > ,we; j thpd; ngahpy;
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ngz;Zf;Fg; gy;NtW gof;f tof;fq;fis> xOf;fq;fisr; Rkj;jp>
mtspd; tho;it Mzhjpf;fk; rpijf;fpd;wJ. rq;f ,yf;fpak;
ngz;Zf;F vJ rhj;jpaNkh mij mKy; nra;jJ. mijg; Nghw;wpaJ.
mijg; ghHg;Nghk;;. GwehD}W ghly; 246 ,y;>
~~gy;rhd; wPNu gy;rhd; wPNu
nry;nfdr; nrhy;yh njhopnfd tpyf;Fk;
nghy;yhr; #o;r;rpg; gy;rhd; wPNu
mzpy;thpf; nfhLq;fha; ths;Ngho;e; jpl;l
fho;Ngh dy;tpsH eWnea; jPz;lh
filapilf; fpilj;j ifgpop gpz;lk;
nts;nsl; rhe;njhL Gspg;nga; jl;l
Ntis nte;ij ty;rpahfg;
222
guw;nga; gs;spg; ghapd;W tjpAk;

catw; ngz;bNuk; my;Ny khNjh
ngUq;fhl;Lg; gz;zpa fUq;nfhl; Bkk;
Ekf;fhp jhFf jy;y ntkf;nfk;
ngUe;Njhl; fztd; kha;njd tUk;gw
ts;spj otpo;j;j jhkiu
es;spUk; ngha;ifAe; jPANkh uw;Nw|| 44 (Gwk; 240)
~~Mleilg; GutpAq; fspUk; NjUk;
thlh ahzH ehLk; CUk;
ghLeHf;F mufh Ma mz;bud;
NfhL Ve;J my;Fy; Fwe;njhb kfspnuhL
fhyd; vd;dk; fz;zpyp Aa;g;g
NkNyhH cyfk; va;jpdd;.|| 44
~~$e;jy; nfha;J Fwe;njhb ePf;fp
my;yp cztpy; kidNahL||44 (Gwk; 250)
fztid ,of;fpd;w ngz; vg;gb gytifapy; tho;e;jhs;
vd;gijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ghHg;gd (,e;J) kjk; jkpo;g; gFjpapy;
Mokhf Nt&d;Wk; Kd;Ng> tpjitapd; gy;NtW Nfhyq;fisr;
rq;f ,yf;fpak; mk;gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. mjhtJ jkpo;g; gz;ghl;bd;
Mzhjpf; f k; vg; g b NfhNyhr; r papUe; j J vd; g ijAk; > mjDld;
ghHg;gdpak; gpd;dhy; xd;wpize;jijAk; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. fztd;
capUld; thOk; fhyk; jhz;b kuzj;jpd; gpwFk; ngz;zpd; fw;G
Nfhug;gl;lJ. ngz;iz nkhl;ilabj;J> ~~ePHNrhw;iwf; (Gwk; 246)||44
nfhLj; J > rfytpjkhd myq; f huq; f isAk; eP f ; f p> Mzhjpf; f
mofpaypy; ,Ue;J jdpikg;gLj;jpajd; %yk;> ngz;zpd; ghypay;
ehl;lk; eykbf;fg;gl;lJ. kWjsj;jpy; capUld; neUg;gpy; ,wf;fpaJ>
Mzhjpf;fk;. ,jD}lhfj;jhd; ngz;zpd; ~fw;G| Mzhjpf;fj;jhy;
tYf;fl;lhakhfg; ghJfhf;f Kbe;jJ. ,it r%f tbtkhfpg; nghJg;
gz;ghfpaNghJ> ,ij kPWfpd;w epfo;r;rpfs; r%fg; Gwf;fzpg;Gf;
Fs;shfp> r%f mtkhdj;ijg; ngz; re;jpj;jhs;;. ,jdhy; ,ijg;
ngz; filg; g pbj; J tho; t J r%fj; j py; capHtho; t jw; f hd
epge;jidahfp> ,J ngz;zpd; xOf;fkhf khwptpLfpd;wJ. ngz;zpd;
flikfis md;Nw jpl;ltl;lkhf Mzhjpf;fk; jPHkhdpf;fpd;wJ.
~~<d;WGwe;jUjy; vd; jiyf; flNd
rhd;Nwhd; Mf;Fjy; je;ijf;Ff; flNd||44
gp. ,uahfud;
gp. ,uahfud;
223
Foe;ij ngWtJ ngz;zpd; flik vd;w tiuaiw ngz;zpd;

fU Mw;wy; kPJ jpzpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,aw;ifahd ngz;zpd; fU
Mw;wiy> ngz;zpd; flikahf Mzpd; thhpirg; ngj;Jg;NghLk;
xOf;fkhf;Ffpd;wJ Mzhjpf;fk;. Mzpd; flik %yjdj;ijj; jpul;b>
me;jj; jdpAilik mikg;gpd; rhd;Nwhd; Mf;Ftjpy; Kbfpd;wJ.
,ijg; ngz; nra;a r%f mq;fPfhuk; fpilahJ. ngz; epidj;jhYk;
nrhj;Jhpikaw;w ngz;zhy;> fy;tp kWf;fg;gl;l ngz;zhy; epidj;Jf;
$l ghHf;f KbahjthW r%f ,Ug;G ngz;iz mlf;fp itj;Js;sJ.
Mzpd; mjpfhuk; nrhj;Jilik rhHe;J r%f mq;ff
P huk; ngw;wJNghy;>
nrhj;jw;w ngz;zpd; mbikj;jdj;ij mNj r%fk; fPo;j;js;sp
mq;fPfhpf;fpd;wJ. ,jpy; ,Ue;J MZf;F mlq;fp> xLq;fp> nrhw;Nfl;L
Mzhjpf;ff; flikfis epiwT nra;tNj ngz;zpd;
flikahfpd;wJ.
~~jfTila kq;ifaH rhd;whz;ik rhd;whH
,fopDk; Nfs;tiu Vj;jp ,iwQ;RthH||(ghpghly; 20-88.89)45
fztd; ngz;iz mtkjpj;jhYk;> Gwe;js;spdhYk; mijg;
ngz; rfpj;J> fztdpd; jait vjpHghHj;J tho;tNj ngz;zpd;
rpwg; g hf Mzhjpf; f xOf; f khf; f paJ. ,J ,d; W tiu nghJ
vjhHj;jkhf cs;sJ.
~~ey;fh ahapDk; eadpy nra;apDk;
epd; topg; g^ck;vd; Njhop|| (ew;-247)
44
MZf;F mlq;fp> rfpj;J thOk; tho;f;ifA+lhfg; ngz;zpd;

tpthfuj;Jhpik kWf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ~fy;yhdhYk; fztd; Gy;yhdhYk;
GU\d;| vd;w eilKiw rhHe;j gonkhop> md;W jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik
tsHe; J te; j rKjhaj; j py; njhlf; f p itf; f g; g l; l ijr; rq; f
,yf;fpak; epHthzkhf;Ffpd;wJ. Mzpd; xOf;fk; gw;wp ngz; Nfs;tp
Nfl; f KbahJ. ngz; z pd; xOf; f j; i j Mz; Nfl; g ijg; ngz;
kdg; G +Htkhf tpUk; g p Vw; W elf; f Ntz; L k; . mlf; F tJk; >
mlq;fpg;NghtJk; nghJthd xOf;fkhfp [dehafkhfpaJ. ,J r%f
mq; f P f huk; ngw; w tbtkhfpaJ. ngz; mlq; f pg; N ghFk; ,ay; G
ngz;zpd; mzpfydhdJ.
~~it vapw;W Ias;kle;ij|| (ew; -2)44
$hpa gw;fisAila nky;ypashfpa ngz; vd;w
tUzidA+lhf mofpa gJikahf> Mzpd; tpisahl; L g;
224
gp. ,uahfud;
nghk;ikahfg; ngz; tUzpf;fg;gLfpd;whs;. ,d;W khly;> moFuhzpg;

Nghl; b > tpsk; g uq; f s; NjhWk; tUk; ngz; f s; ,e; j g; gz; g py;
Nehf;fg;gLtJk;> fhl;lg;gLtJk; epfo;fpd;wJ. ,ijNa rhjhuzg;
ngz;fs; filg;gpbf;fTk;> ,ij mbg;gilf; Fwpf;Nfhshff; nfhz;L
tho;tJk; epfo;fpd;wJ. Mz;fs; ,ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Nl
ngz;izf; fhz;gJk;> mZFtJk;> vjpHghHg;gJk; epfo;fpd;wJ.
,ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Nl jpUkzk;> fUmopg;G> tpthfuj;Jfs;>
itg;ghl;bfs;> fl;lw;w Rje;jpukhf tho;e;J tpgr;rhuk; nra;tJnkd
gy; N tW Mzhjpf; f g; gz; g hl; L tpisTfis te; j ilfpd; w dH>
re;jpf;fpd;wdH. rq;ffhyk; ngz;zplk; Nfhhpa mzpfyd;fs; rpy
,d;Wk; tof;fpy; cs;sd.
~~caphpDk; rpwe;j ehz;|| (ew;-17)44
~~NrZk; vk;nkhL te;j
ehZk; tpl;Nlk; myHftpt; T+Nu|| (ew;-15)44
- vd;gjd; %yk; ngz;zpd; mzpfyd;fs; xOf;fkhfpd;wJ.
MZf;F my;yhJ ngz;Zf;Fj; jpzpf;fg;gl;litfs;> ngz;zpd;
gz;ghf> fyhr;rhukhf khwptpLfpd;wJ. ,e;j ,ay;Gf;Fs; ngz;
jd;id ,irthf;fkile;J thoj; jiyg;gLfpd;whs;. ,ij kPWtJ
Mzhjpf; f j; j pd; Kd; Vw; W f; nfhs; s g; g Ltjpy; i y. kP W k; N ghJ
mtisg; ngz;zhf Mzhjpf;fk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjpy;iy. mlf;fkw;w>
ehzkw; w ngz; z hff; fhl; b > r%fj; j py; ,Ue; J NtWgLj; j p
md;dpag;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ngz;iz Mzhjpf;f mofpay; Nfhyj;jpy;
rq;f ,yf;fpak; tUzpf;fj; jaq;ftpy;iy. ,d;iwa cyfkakhjy;
NfhUtijg; Nghy; ngz;zpd; tiuaiwfs; md;Wk; Nfhug;gl;lJ.
~~ePhpy; tsHe;j Mk;gypd; cs;Ns JizAila jpuz;l ehH
chpj;jhw; Nghd;w khik epwj;ij cilats;. Ftis Nghd;w
mofpa FspHe;j fz;fisAk; nghpa NjhisAk; cila ,skfs;||
(ew; -6)44
jpidg; Gwj;ijf; fhty; nra;Ak; kotH jhdpaq;fisj; jpd;W
mopf;f te;j gd;wp Kjypa tpyq;Ffis mk;G va;J nfhd;W>
kPz;Lk; tpyq;Ffspd; clypypUe;J gwpj;njLj;j mk;G Nghd;w nrt;thp
gue; j FspHr; r pAila fz; f isAk; ey; y nghpa NjhisAk;
cilats;.||44
ngz;zpd; myq;fhuk;> mofpay;> cly; fl;L Nghd;w midj;Jk;
Mzhjpf;f ,urid> Mzhjpf;f mikg;Gf;Nf chpaNjahFk;. ,q;F
gp. ,uahfud;
225
ngz; Rje;jpukhd moif ntspg;gLj;Jtjpy;iy. moF gw;wpa

tiuaiw r%f vy;iyf;F cl;gl;lJ. Mzhjpf;fj; jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik
mikg;gpy; moFk;> mjd; ntspg;ghLk;> ntspg;gLj;JjYk; Mzpd;
,uridf;Fl;gl;l vy;iyahy; tuk;gplg;gLfpd;wJ. xU ngz; ngz;zhf
,Ug;gjd; mofpay; vy;iyiaf; nfhz;bUf;fhjtiu> mg;ngz;
Mzhjpf;fr; r%fj;jpy; Gwf;fzpg;Gf;F cs;shfpd;whs;. ~~cz;b
RUq;Fjy; ngz;bHf;F moF|| (ghly; nfh.Nt.5) vd;W xsitahH
(msTf;F mjpfkhf cz;zhJ tpLjy; ngz;fspd; clyoifg;
NgZk; topahFk;;). $Wfpd;whH. (,jo; 1998-4.4)
rq;ffhy ,yf;fpaj;jpy; Gfo; ngw;w Gyth;fspy; 26 NgH
ngz;fs; MtH. mth;fspy; xsitahH Kf;fpakhdtH vd;gJld;
,thpd; 58 ghly;fs; Kf;fpakhd E}y;fspy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ.
ngz; f s; moF gw; w p xsitahhpd; fz; N zhl; l k; Mzhjpf; f r;
r%fj;jpd; gpujpgypg;ghFk;. ngz; vg;gb ghypay; gz;lkhf ,Uf;f
Ntz; L nkdf; fw; W f; nfhLg; g Nj ngz; z pd; cly; gw; w pa
tiuaiwahFk;; MZf;F ,ij xsitahH $wptpltpy;iy. ,jd;
%yk; Mzpd; fhkg; grpf;Fj; jPdpNghLk; tifapy; ngz;zpd; cly;
tiuaiwfis Mzhjpf; f k; r%fg; gz; g hlhf; f paJ. ,ijNa
xsitahH ngz;fspd; xOf;fkhf> flikahff; $Wtjd; Clhf>
Mzpd; ghypay; Njitiag; ngz; epiwNtw;Wtjd; mtrpaj;ij
kiwKfkhff; NfhUfpd;whH.
rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy;> ~~<d;W Gwe;jUjy;||28 ngz;zpd; flikahff;
fhl;b gps;isiag; ngw;Wg; NghLtNj xOf;fkhfpaNghJ> Mzhjpf;f
thhpRhpikiag; G+Hj;jp nra;Ak; topapy; ngz; mbikahfpdhs;.
Mzhjpf; f r; rKjhaj; j pd; gz; g hL ,e; j tifapy; ngz; z pd;
chpikfisj; jdf; F mbikahf; f paJ. ngz; cly; r hHe; j
ntspg;ghLfisr; rpWikg;gLj;jp> kWjsj;jpy; mjd; cs;shHe;j>
caHe;j r%f kjpg;G ,opthf;fg;gl;lJ. rfy jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fSk;
Mzhjpf;fj;ijg; Nghw;wp> mijf; filg;gpbf;ff; Nfhhp Gjpatbtpy;
mijr; r%fkakhf;fpdH. rq;f ,yf;fpak; jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik mikg;gpd;
ghJfhg; g pYk; > Mzhjpf; f j; i jg; ngz; Z f; F j; jpzpj; j jpYk;
cUthdJ vd;gJ kWf;fKbahJ. xOf;fq;fis cgNjrpj;jy;>
ey; t opg; g Lj; j y; f s; > tpsf; f q; f s; > Gfo; g hLjy; vy; y hk; ,e; j
vy;iyf;Fs; ifahsg;gl;litjhd;. mf;fhyj;jpd; r%f epiyiar;
rq;f ,yf;fpak; epahag;gLj;jp ntspte;jjd; Clhf>
mf;fhyj;Jf;NfAhpa Mzhjpf;fk;> jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik mikg;igj;
NjhYhpj; J fhl; L fpwJ> mjD}lhf ,d; i wa njhlHr; r pia
epHthzg;gL;j;Jfpd;wJ.
226
gp. ,uahfud;
,. jpUg;ghitapd; Mzhjpf;f tf;fpuk;

Mzhjpf;f mikg;gpy; ngz;fs; fztid Ntz;bg; ghlg;gLk;
ghlyhf> topghlhf> khHfop khj topghL mike;Js;sJ. Mz;lhs;
jpUkzk; nra;ahJ> jdJ ,aw;ifapd; Jauj;ijf; flTspd; Nky;
Nghl;Lg; ghba ghly;fs;jhd; ,it. Mzhjpf;f mikg;gpy; xU
ngz; kP j hd fw; G gw; w pa GidTfs; > ngz; z pd; ,aw; i f
czHr;rpfisj; jPHj;Jf; nfhs;s Kbahj r%f ,Wf;fk; nfhz;lit.
xU ngz; jdJ ghypay; Njitiar; r%fj;ij kPwp eilKiw
hPjpahfj; jPHf;Fk;NghJ> mtis tpgr;rhhpahfTk;> gpd;dhy; tpgr;rhuj;
njhopYf;Fhpa ngz;zhfTk; khw;wptpLfpd;wdH. ,q;F ngz;zpd;
ghypay; Njitiag; G+Hj;jp nra;Ak; Mz; jdJ Mzhjpf;ff;
fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy;> ngz;izg; gad;gLj;jf; $ba tpgr;rhu Nehf;fpy;
jhd; mZFtJk; epfo;fpd;wJ.
,e; j epiyapy; mehijahff; fz; n lLf; f g; g l; L > je; i j
];jhdj;jpy; xU Mz; vLj;J tsHj;j tho;tpy; Mz;lhs; ghypay;
Njitia> Mzhjpf;fr; r%fk; G+Hj;jp nra;aKbatpy;iy. jpUkzk;
,d;wp thba Mz;lhs; jdJ Jauj;jpy; fz;zidf; fhjydhff;
nfhz; L ghba ghly; f s; vy; i yaw; w tpurj; i jf; nfhz; l it.
Mz;lhspd; topghL kl;Lk; ghypay; Njitiag; G+Hj;jp nra;ahj
epiyapy;> Mzhjpf;ff; fz;nfhz;L ngz;zpd; cWg;G rhHe;J mij
elj;ijahf;fpg; ghba ghly;fisg; ngz; ghLfpd;wNghJ jd;idj;jhd;
,opTgLj;JtjhfTk;> Mz; ghLfpd;w NghJ ngz;izf;
nfhr;irg;gLj;JtjhfTk; mikfpd;wd.
Mz;lhis ehad;khHfspy; xUj;jpahf khw;wpa ,e;Jkjk;>
ngz;fspd; fw;Gf;fhd Ntypahf> xOf;fj;jpd; fhtyhf ,ijf;
fz; L nfhz; l jd; %yk; > ngz; f s; jkJ ghypay; Njitia
,iwtdplk; nrhy;ypg; Gyk;Gk;gb topfhl;baJ. jPHtw;w fw;gidahd
epidg;ig epidj;Jtho> ngz;fisr; rpWikg;gLj;Jk; topghl;L
vy; i yf; F ,jd; Clhf Mzhjpf; f k; topfhl; L fpd; w J. ,e; j
tf;fpuj;ijg; ghHg;Nghk;.
~~Fw;wnkhd; wpy;yj NfhtyHjk; nghw;nfhbNa
Gw;wu ty;Fy; GdkapNy Nghjuha;|| 38
gp. ,uahfud;
227
- vd;w ghly; thpfspy; ~~Gw;wu ty;Fy; GdkapNy Nghjuha;||

,jd; mHj;jk; vd;d vdg; ghHg;Nghk;. Gw;wpy; tho;fpd;w ghk;gpd;
glj;ijg; Nghd;w tbtk; cila ngz; cWg;G cila ngz;Nz!
vOe;J th! vd;W xU ngz;izf; $g;gpLk; ghly; thpfis> Mz;
ghLtJ fpuhkq;fspy; elf;fpd;wJ. Nftykhf epj;jpiu ghapy; itj;Nj
ngz; i z ,g; g br; nrhy; y p $g; g pLk; gz; g hl; i l
vg; g b
mDkjpf;fpd;Nwhk;. ,ijg; ngz; cWg;ig xg;gpLk; rpwe;j ,yf;fpa
ctik vd rpyH thjplyhk;. Mdhy; tPjpf;FtPjp> re;jpf;Fr; re;jp
ngz;fspd; cWg;igr; nrhy;yp fijg;gJk;> tUzpg;gJk; ,jd;
Nghf;fpy;jhd; vd;gij ehk; kWf;fKbahJ. xU ngz;izg; ngz;
cWg;G topahff; fhz;gJk;> tpopg;gJk; Mzhjpf;f tf;fpuj;jpd;
Nfhukhd gf;fkhFk;. ngz;izg; ngz;zhfg; ghHf;f kWj;J> mtis
cly; cWg;G topahf> GzHr;rpf;fhd xU nghUshfg; ghHj;J ghLk;
,e;j thpfs>; kdpjf; Fyj;jpd; ,opthd Mzhjpf;fg; gz;ghLk;
elj;ijAkhFk;;. ,J vy;yh rKjhaj;jpdJk; nghJthd ,ay;ghFk;.
,d;iwa rpdpkh nkhopNa ,g;gbahf ,Ug;gJk; tpjptpyf;fy;y
my;yth?
,e;jg; ghlypy; mLj;J fz;zdpd; kidtpaplk;> fztdpd;
gLf;ifapy; gq;F Nfl;L tpz;zg;gpf;Fk; ghliyg; ghHg;Nghk;.
~~Fj;Jtpsf;nfhpaf; Nfhl;Lf;fhy; fl;bypd;Nky
nkj;njd;w radj;jpd; NkNywpf;
nfhj;jyH G+q;Foy; eg;gpd;id nfhq;ifNky;
itj;Jf; fple;j kyH khHig tha;jpwtha;
ikj;jlq; fz;zPdha; ePAs; kzhsid
vj;jid NghJk; JapnyO nthl;lha;fhz;
vj;jid NaYk; gphpthw;w fpy;iyahy;...||38
,jd; mHj; j k; gLf; i f miwapy; Fj; J tpsf; N fw; w pa
epiyapy;> mofpa gLf;if nkj;ijapy; Vwpa fz;zd;> eg;gpd;id
kPJ gha;fpd;whd;. gythW Rfk; fz;ltd; mtspd; Kiy Nky;
jdJ jiyia itj;J gLj;jpUf;fpd;whd;. ,e;j ,lj;jpy; Mz;lhs;
nrd; W eg; g pd; i dia vOg; g p cd; fztid nehbg; nghOJ
gLf;ifia tpl;L vor; nra;a khl;lhah? ,ikg; nghOJ gphpe;jpUf;f
khl;lhah?
228
gp. ,uahfud;
,q;F xU ngz;zpd; mtyk; ntspg;gLfpd;wJ. ngz;zpd;

Rfk; Mz; rhHe;jJ vd;gijAk;> ngz; mjpy; gq;fhw;wpj; jdJ
Njitiag; G+Hj;jp nra;a epidf;Fk; fz;Nzhl;lKk;
ntspg;gLfpd;wJ. ,aw;ifahd ghypay; Njit kWf;fg;gl;l epiyapy;>
Mz;lhs; fz;zidg; GzHe;J tho Mirg;gLk; vz;zk; njspthf
ntspg; g Lfpd; w J. flTshf ,Uf; f pd; w fy; Y f; f hd fhuzk; >
mtDila kidtpapd; GzHr; r p Nkhfk; jLg; g jhfg; ghrhq; F
nra;tjd; %yk;> cz;ikahd GzHr;rp elf;fhj cs;sf; FKwypd;
czHT ntbj;Jf; fpsk;Gtijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,q;F ghly; thpfs;
Mzhjpf;fg; ghypay; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj> ngz;zpd; khHG
gw;wpAk; GzHr;rpf; fz;Nzhl;lKk; ntspg;gLfpd;wJ. tPl;Lf;Fs;
mile;J fplf;Fk; ,d;iwa ngz;> tPLjhz;b gpwpNjhH Mltidr;
re;jpf;fpd;w NghJ> mtdpd; ghypay; Njitf;F ,yFthfg; gypahtJ
r%f eilKiwahf cs;sJ. ,q;F r%fj;jpy; Mz;fSld; tho;fpd;w
ngz; Mzplk; gypahtJ ,y;iy. Mz;lhs; jdJ Kjy; re;jpg;Ng
fz;zd; vd;w Mzhf (flTs;) ,Ug;gjhy;> mtdplk; jd;idg;
gypahf;Ffpd;whs;. ,J kl;LNk epidg;ghy; ghypay; Njitiag;
G+Hj;jpahf;Fk; czHitf; nfhLf;fpd;wJ. tho;f;ifia ,jw;;Fs;
Xl;btpLfpd;whs;> r%fj;jpd; Kd; rpwe;j flTs; gf;jpkhd;. Mdhy;
mtisg; nghWj;jtiu mtd; jdJ ghypay; czHTf;F tbfhy;
NjLk; Xh; ,lkhFk;. ,ij mts; czHthf;fpf; fdT fhz;fpd;whs;.
,ij epahag;gLj;jp fz;zjhrd; jdJ ~~mHj;jKs;s ,e;J kjk;||
ghfk; ,uz;by; $Wtijg; ghHg;Nghk;;
~~thuzk; te;jjhk;> G+uzg; nghw;Flq;fs; te;jdthk;> Njhuzk;
ehl;bdhHfshk;. thio> fKF njhq;ftplg;gl;l ge;jyhk;. ,e;jpud;
cs; s pl; l NjtH Fohnky; y hk; te; j pUe; j hHfshk; . .. kj; j sk;
nfhl;bdhHfshk;; rq;Ffs; thpirahf epd;W Cjpdthk;;..|| vd;w
Mz;lhs; jdJ ghypay; Njitf;fhff; fz;zidj; jpUkzk; nra;Ak;
topapy; fdT fz;L ghLfpd;whs;. mtdpd; cWg;Gfspd; Ritgw;wpf;
$l epidj;J ghLtijg; ghHg;Nghk;;.
~~V ntz; rq;Nf: eP nrhy;||46 ~~mtdpd; tha; ,jopy; fw;G+uk;
kzf;Fkh? fkyg;G+ kzf;Fkh? me;jj; jpUg;gtsr; nrt;tha;jhd;
jpj;jpf;FNkh||46 ~~V> rq;Nf> ngUk; rq;Nf! tyk;Ghpr; rq;Nf! ghQ;r
rd;dpaNk!||46 vd;W $wp thapd; Ritia Mz;lhs; Nfl;fpd;whs;;.
rq;F CJk; fz;zdpd; tha; kzj;ijr; rq;fplk; Nfl;Fk; NghJ>
gp. ,uahfud;
229
Mz;lhspd; ghypay; mtyk; njspthf ntspg;gLfpd;wJ. Mzhjpf;f

mikg;G ngz;fis eykbj;jjd; tpistpy; vOe;jNj> jpUg;ghit.
,J ngz; z pd; ,aw; i fj; Jauj; i jr; nrhy; Y k; mNjNeuk; >
Mzhjpf;fg; ghypay; tf;fpuj;ijAk; vjhHj;jkhf mf;fhyj;jpw;NfAhpa
tifapy; ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
<. jpUke;jpuj;;jpy; Mzhjpf;fk;

rpj;jHfspy; jpU%yH Kf;fpakhdtH. mtuhy; ,aw;wg;gl;l
ghly;fs; gy Mzhjpf;fj; jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik mikg;G rhHe;jit.
ngz;fspd; xOf;fk; gw;wpa tiuaiwfisf; nfhz;L> ngz;iz
,opTgLj;j gpd;epw;ftpy;iy.
~~,aYWk; tho;f;if ,sk;gpb khjH
GaYWk; Gy;ypd; GzHe;jt NuapYk;
kaYWk;thdtH rhu,Uk; vd;ghH
maYWk; Ngrp mtd;nwhope; jhNu|| 47
,jd; mHj;jk; ~~moF nghUe;jpa tho;f;ifAila
,sk;
ngz; ahidia xj; j ngz; f s; > kioiaf; fz; l Gy; N ghyj;
jspHj;jpUe;j NghjpYk;> kaq;fpa Njtiunahg;ghH te;J nghUe;Jk;
Kd; d Nk GzHe; j tiu ntspNa ,Uk; vd; W nrhy; t H> NkYk;
Fwpg;Gnkhopahy; ntspNawr; nrhy;yp ePq;fpg; NghtH||47 vd;W ngz;iz
Mzhjpf;fk; ,opT nra;fpd;wJ. Mzpd; gyjhu kzj;jpy; coYfpd;w
Mz;fs;> ngz;izg; ghypay; EfHtpy; mDgtpf;fpd;w Nghf;fpy;>
ngz; z pd; vjpHg; i gf; nfhr; i rg; g Lj; J k; NghNj ,e; j g; ghly;
vOfpd;wJ. ngz;iz Efu tpUk;Gfpd;w MZld; gLf;f jahuhf
Ntz;Lk; vd;w nghJtpgr;rhu Mzhjpf;ff; fz;Nzhl;lKk;> ngz;
%bf;fl;bg; ghJfhf;Fk; jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik> fw;G gw;wpa fz;Nzhl;lKk;
Kuz;gl;l NghJk;> xNu Mzhjpf;f Mz; NtWgl;l ngz;fsplk;
NfhUk; eilKiw r%f tbtkhff; fhzg; g Lfpd; w J. jdJ
kidtpiaf; fw; G s; s tshf vjpHghHf; F k; Mzhjpf; f k; > gpwH
ngz;biug; nghJ gLf;iff;F miof;Fk; tpgr;rhuj;ijf; NfhUk;
Kuz; g l; l Nghf; i f ntspgLj; J k; N ghJ> mJ Mzhjpf; f j; i j
cs;slf;fkhff; nfhz;lJ vd;gijNa ,g;ghly; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,ij
NkYk; ghHg;Nghk;.
230
gp. ,uahfud;
~~,iyey thapDk; vl;b gOj;jhw;

Fiyey thq;fdp nfhz;Lz yhfh
Kiyeyq; nfhz;L Kwty;nra thHNky;
tpyFW neQ;rpid nta;Jnfhs; sPNu|| 47
- ,jd; mHj;jk; ~~,iy Kjypatw;why; mofhAs;s vl;bkuk;
Fiyahfg; gOj; j pUj; j hYk; > mf; F iyapy; ftHr; r pAilajhfpa
goj;ijg; gwpj;J cz;zyhfhJ> mJNghy> Kiyahy; ftHr;rpiaf;
fhl; b g; Gd; K Wty; nra; t hHNky; mtuJ ftHr; r papy; <LglhJ
tpyfptpl Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW mtHghy; nry;Yk; kdj;jpidAk;
fbaNtz;Lk;|| vd;W ngz;iz ,opTgLj;Jfpd;whH. VNjh Mz;fisf;
ftu Kiyiaf; nfhz; L jphptjhfg; ngz; f isf; fhl; L k;
Mzhjpf;fk;> nrhe;j kd tf;fpuj;ij vjpHkiwahf;Ffpd;wJ. ngz;fs;
,ijg; gpbf;f jphptjhf ,d;iwa gpd;etPdj;Jtr; rhf;filfs;
jpU%yhpd; jpUke;jpu topapy; $Wk;NghJ> Mzhjpf;f xw;Wik kw;Wk;
ngz; g w; w pa xj; j Mzhjpf; f f; fz; N zhl; l k; gpujpgypf; f pd; w J.
ngz;zpd; Kiy xU ghy; Rug;gp vd;gij Mzhjpf;fk; kWj;J>
mijf; ftHr;rp fhl;LtjhfTk;> gpbf;ff; NfhUtjhff; fhl;Lfpd;w
epyg;gpuGj;Jt> Vfhjpgj;jpa ntspg;ghLfs; Nftykhd kdpjr; rpe;jid
tf;fpuq;fs;jhd;;.
~~ghyd; grpahWk; ghy; Kiyalh rz;lhsh||
- vd;W kl;lf;fsg;G ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly; Mzhjpf;f tf;fpuj;ij
,opthf;fpf; fhl;Lfpd;wNghJ> Kiygw;wp epyg;gpuGj;Jt> Vfhjpgj;jpaf;
fz;Nzhl;lj;ijg; ngz; vs;sp eifahLfpd;whs;. Mz;fs; ngz;fspd;
ghy; Rug;gpiag; ghypay; EfHT mbg;gilapy; cUtfpf;Fk; rpe;jidg;
gz;ghLfs;> ngz;izAk; ghjpf;fpd;wJ. Mdhy;> mij Mz;jhd;
jdJ Mzhjpf;fj; jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik tf;fpuj;jpy; ,urpf;fpd;whd;>
NfhUfpd;whd; vd;gJ vjhHj;jkhFk;. ,q;F ngz; rhHe;j FUl;Lg;
ngz;zpak; fth;r;rp fhl;Ltijf; Nfhl;ghlhf> chpikahff; $Wfpd;w
NghJ> Mzhjpf;fk; ngz;zpd; ,aw;ifia tpw;fpd;w> thq;Ffpd;w
EfHT tf;fpuj;jpy; ngz;zpaj;ijf; Nfhl;ghl;L hPjpahfr; rpijj;J>
efHj;jpaijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
~~kidGF thHfs; kidtpia ehby;
RidAF ePHNghw; Ropj;Jld; thq;Fq;
fdtJ Nghyf; frpe;njOk; ,d;gk;
edtJ NghyTk; ehlnthz; zhNj|| 47
gp. ,uahfud;
231
,jd; mHj;jk;> ~~gpwH kid nry;NthH mk;kidf;Fhpa khjiu

ehbdhy;> kiyr;Ridapy; GFfpd;w ePhpy; %o;Fthiur; Ropf;Fs;
rpf;f itj;jy; Nghy> fhkr;Roypy; rpf;f itj;JtpLk;> fdT Nghy
mk;khjH khl;Lr; rpwpJ Ruf;fpd;w md;ig> edT Nghy cz;ikahdJ
vd;W tpUk;Gjy; $lhJ.|| 47
,q;Fk; ngz; VNjh ftHe;J ,Og;gjhfg; ngz; kPJ Fw;wk;
rhl; L tJ epfo; f pd; w J. gyjhukzj; j py; Mzpd; chpikNa
tpgr;rhuj;ij cUthf;Ffpd;wJ. ngz;zpd; chpik kWg;Ng tpgr;rhuk;
nra;a itf;fpd;wJ. ngz; nghUshjhu hPjpahf xLf;fg;gl;L> ghypay;
hPjpahf eykbf;fg;gl;l epiyapy; tpgr;rhuj;jpd;
nghJj;jd;ik
r%f tbtkhfpd;wJ. XH Mz;> jdJ kidtpiaj; jhz;b ghypay;
,d;gj;ij tpgr;rhhpaplk; ngwr; nry;Yfpd;wNghJk; rhp> tpgr;rhhp
mjpfj; jpUg;jpiaf; nfhLf;fpd;whs; vd;whYk; rhp> jdpAilik>
jdpahHkakhf;fy; Nghy; fhzg;gLk; rpwe;j thq;Fk; - tpw;Fk; re;ij
cwTfNs fhuzkhFk;. FLk;gj;jpy; Mz; - ngz;zpd;
tiuaWf; f g; g l; l flikfs; > czHTfs; > ghypay; elj; i japy;
tiuKiwf;Fs; jk;ik <LgLj;j epHg;ge;jpf;Fk;NghJ> Rje;jpukhd
ghypay; <LghL ,Ug;gjpy;iy. Mz; NfhUfpd;w chpikAk;> flikAk;>
czHr;rpAk; ngz; NfhUfpd;w chpikAk;> flikAk;> czHr;rpAk;
Kuz;gl;l tbtpy; Mzhjpf;f vy;iyapy; neUf;fbahFfpd;wNghJ>
ghypay; ,d;gk; eykbf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J tpgr;rhuj;jpy; Rje;jpukhf
,Ug;gjhy; Mz; mjd; mbikahfpd;whd;;. ,J Nghd;W Mz; ngz;zpd; fs;s cwTfs; G+uzkhd jpUg;jpia> kfpo;r;rpiaf;
nfhLf;fpd;wJ. ,Uf;fpd;w Mzhjpf;ff; FLk;g mikg;Ng tpgr;rhuj;jpd;
%ykhFk;. Mz; - ngz; Rje;jpukhd kdpjHfshf> Rje;jpukhd
,izthf> flikAk; chpikAk; Nfhuhjjhf khWfpd; w NghJ
tpgr;rhuk; mw;WtpLk;. ghypay; neUf;fb mUfptpLk;;. ,ijtpl;L
tpgr;rhhpiaf; ftUk; Ngahff; fhl;LtJk;> MZf;F xOf;fj;ijg;
Nghjpg;gJk; Mzhjpf;f mikg;gpd; ghJfhg;ig Kd;dpl;Lj;jhd;;.
tpgr;rhuj;ij cUthf;fpg; ghJfhg;gtNd mijg; ngz; kPJ Fw;wk;
Rkj; j p> Miz xOf; f thjpahff; fhl; L tJ Mzhjpf; f epjpf;
NfhitahFk;;. Mz;fspd; fw;G Nfs;tpf;F mg;ghw;gl;ljhf tpsf;Fk;
Mzhjpf;fk;> tpgr;rhuj;ijr; r%f tbtkhf;Ffpd;wJ. Mzpd; fw;G
tpjptpyf;fhfpd;wNghJ tpgr;rhuj;ij ehlitf;fpd;wJ. ngz;zpd;
fw; G Nfs; t pf; F l; g l; L xOf; f khfpd; w NghJ> tpgr; r huk; mjd;
232
gp. ,uahfud;
mbg;gilahfpd;wJ. ,JNghd;w Mzhjpf;f tpsf;fq;fs; vy;iyaw;W

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
c. rkak; rhHe;j ngz; ntWg;G - Mzhjpf;fk;

jpUthrfg; ghly; f isg; ghba ehad; k hHfspy; xUtuhd
khzpf;fthrfH jdJ Mzhjpf;f tf;fpuj;jpy; ,Ue;J> ngz;fisf;
fhkj;jpd; cUtfkhff; fz;L ngz; ntWg;ig ntspg;gLj;jj; jaq;f
tpy;iy.
~~nfhs; VH(g;) fs(T) mfyhj; jlq; nfhq;ifaH
nfht;itr; nrt;tha; tpd;Nsd; vdpDk;...||43
~~~~nfhOkzpNahH eifahH nfhq;iff; Fd;wpilr;
nrd;W Fd;wp tpOkbNaid...||43
~~Kjiyr; nrt;tha;r;rpaH Ntl;if nte;ePhpw; fbg;g
%o;fp tpjitr; nra;Ntid...||43
~~Rus;Ghp $ioaH Roypw; gl;Ld; jpwk; kwe;jpq;
fpUs;GhpahifapNy fple; nja;jdd;||43
ngz; i z mq; f mq; f khfr; rpj; j hpj; j Jld; > ngz; z pd;
cWg;Gfisf; $l> Mzhjpf;ff; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; khzpf;fthrfH
tUzpf;f jtwtpy;iy. ,jpy; ,Ue;J mtuhy; kPs Kbatpy;iy.
ngz; f isf; Fw; w k; rhl; b agb> flTsplk; ,jpy; ,Ue; J kP s
mUs; N fhUfpd; w hH. me; j Mz; flTs; f Sk; ,ijg; Nghd; W
tf; f pukhdtHfs; vd; g J xUGwk; ,Uf; f > ngz; flTs; f Sk;
,ijnahj;j ntspg;ghLilatHfs; vd;gjw;Fj; jpUQhd rk;ge;jhpd;
gy Njthug; ghly;fs; rhd;whf ,Uf;fpd;wd. jpUQhdrk;ge;jH
ckhNjtpahhpd; ngz; cWg;Gfis tUzpj;Jg; ghba ghly;fs;
gy. khzpf;fthrfH ngz;zpd; thia tUzpf;fpd;wNghJ> ,d;iwa
moF rhjdj;jpd; cs;slf;fk; ntspg;gLfpd;wJ. Mz;fs;> ngz;fspd;
cjLfis tUzpj; j topapy; tpUk; g paijg; G+Hj; j p nra; a Nt>
,d;iwa nrhz;L ik re;ijf;F tUfpd;wJ. Mzhjpf;f mofpay;
Nehf;fpy; nrhz;L ik re;ijf;F te;jjjw;F> khzpf;fthrfhpd;
md;iwa Mzhjpf;f tUzpg;Gfs; mbj;jskhfpd;wd. Mzhjpf;fj;jpd;
ngz; i zg; gw; w pa tpsf; f q; f s; nfhr; i rj; j dkhdit. mijg;
gp. ,uahfud;
233
gz;ghlhff; nfhz;L mjpy; ,Ue;J ngz; kPJ ntWg;igf; ff;Ffpd;wd.

,ijNa khzpf;fthrfH jdJ Mzhjpf;fg; ghlyhf Kd;itf;fpd;whH.
C. rpj;jHfspd; Mzhjpf;fk;
,d; W rpj; j Hfs; gw; w pa gytpj gpuikfisg; gyUk;
tpijj;Jtpl KaYfpd;wdH. Nkhrbfs; %yk; nghWf;fpj; jpd;w
ghHg;gdHfspd; rpy nray;fis vjpHj;Jf; nfhz;L cUthd rpj;jHfs;>
Mzhjpf; f thjpfshfTk; ngz; kP J ntWg; G nfhz; N lhuhfTNk
,Ue; j dH. ,d; W ghHg; g dpaj; J f; F vjpuhf Kd; e pWj; j KaYk;
rpj;jHfs; Clhf> Mzhjpf;fj;ijg; G+rp nkOf my;yJ nksdk;
rhjpg;gjd; %yk; rPHjpUj;jj;ijNa rKjha khw;wkhff;
fhl;lKaYfpd;wdH. Mdhy; ngz; ntWg;G nfhz;l rpj;jHfs; r%f
khw; w j; i jr; rhjpf; f Neubahf topfhl; l KbahJ. khwhf>
mf;fhyj;ijg; Ghpe;J nfhs;s> ghHg;gdpaj;ijAk; mjd; nfhûj;ijAk;
Ghpe;Jnfhs;s cjtKbAk;;. ,dp rpj;jHfspd; ngz; ntWg;ig>
Mzhjpf; f f; fz; N zhl; l j; i jg; ghHg; N ghk; ; . ghk; g hl; b r; rpj; j H
ngz;zhir vd;w jiyg;gpy;>
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...
tl;lKiy nad;Wkpf tw;We; Njhiy
kfNkU vd ctik itj;Jf; $WthH
nfl;l ehw;wKs;s Nahdpf; Nfzpapy; tPo;e;jhH
nfLtH vd;Nw Jzpe;J ML ghk;Ng
kyQ;nrhhp fz;iz tb thOf;nfhOg;ghf
tUzpj;Jr; nrhy;thH kjptd;ik ,y;yhjhH
Fyeyk; NgRfpd;w $if khe;jHfs;
Fk;gpf;Nf ,iuahtH vd;W MLghk;Ng
rpf;FehWq; $e;jiyNa nrYik Ntfkha;r;
nrg;GthHfs; nfhq;ifjidr; nrg;Gf; nfhg;gjha;
nef;F nef;F cUfpg; ngz;iz neQ;rpy; epidg;ghs;
epkyid epidahH vd;W MLghk;Ng
ehwptUk; vr;rpy;jid ey;yKnjd;Wk;
ez;zhQ;rsp ehrpjid ew;Fkpo; vd;Wk;
234
gp. ,uahfud;
$WthHfs; Gj;jpapy;yhf; $if khe;jHfs;

Nfhd;epiyia mwpahH vd;W MLghk;Ng|| 48
ngz; cWg;Gfs; gw;wpa ,opTgLj;jg;gl;l> Nftyg;gLj;jgl;l
Mzhjpf; f f; fz; N zhl; l j; J ld; $ba tpsf; f k; j hd; ,it.
Mz;fspd; fhkj;ijAk; mjd; tf;fpuj;ijAk; vjpHg;gjw;Fg; gjpy;>
ngz; i zf; nfhr; i rg; g Lj; J tjd; Clhf Mz; f spd; xOf; f k;
Nfhug;gLfpd;wJ. r%f Mzhjpf;f ,opTfSf;Fg; ngz;izf; Fw;wk;
rhl;l rpj;jHfs; jaq;ftpy;iy. ,ijnahj;j gl;bdj;jhH ghly;fs;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fit.
~~tha;ehW%oy; kapHr;rpf;FehwpL ikapLq;fz;
gPehWkhq;fk; gpzntbehWk; ngUq;Foptha;
rPjhWk; Nahdp aodhWkpe;jphpar; NrWrpe;jpg;
gha;ehWkq;ifaHf;Nfh ypq;qNdkdk; gw;wpaNj||48
~~eFthHf;F ,lkha; ehd;W tw;Wk;
Kiyiag; ghHj;J Kdhp nkhlnld;whk;
FiyAk; fhkf; FUlHf;F ciug;Ngd;
ePl;lTk; Klf;fTk; neLk; nghUs; thq;fTk;
...
er;rpf; fhKf eha;jhd; vd;Wk;
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jpq;fs; rilNahd; jpUtUs; ,y;yhH
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Gz;,J vd;W Glitia %b
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kyk; nrhhpAk; ,opAk; thapw;F mUNf
ryk; nrhhpe;j ,opAk; jz;zPH thapy;
,j;ij ePq;fs; ,dpJ vd Ntz;lh
gr;rpiy ,bDk; gf;jHf;F ,uq;fp
...
ngz;zhfp te;NjhU khag;gprhrk; gpbj;jpl;nld;idf;
fz;zhy; ntUl;b Kiyahy; kaf;fpf; fb jlj;Jg;
Gz;zhq; Fopapilj; js;sp vd; Nghjg; nghUs; gwpf;f
vz;zhJid kwe;Njd; ,iwth fr;rp Vfk;gNd!|| 43
gp. ,uahfud;
235
,J Nghd; w gy ghly; f s; epiwe; J fhzg; g Lfpd; w J.

Mz;fspd; jtWf;Fg; ngz;izf; Fw;wk; rhl;LtJ Mzhjpf;f
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Kjy; ngz; kPjhd mj;J kPwy;fs; tiu ngz;zpd; kPjhd Fw;wkhf>
mtspd; elj; i j> cLg; G fs; > ele; J nfhz; l Kiwfs; vd; W
Vuhskhd tpsf;fq;fspd; Clhf ,d;Wk; Mzhjpf;fr; rl;lk;> Mizg;
ghJfhj; J ngz; i zf; Fw; w k; rhl; L fpd; w J. ngz; i z ,e; j
vy;iyf;Fs; jhd; G+l;b itg;gJk;> %bf;fl;LtJk; vd;w Mzhjpf;f
ePjp rhHe;j xOf;fk; NfhUfpd;wJ. flTis Nehf;fp JwT kw;Wk;
VNjh xUtifapy; rKjha ciog;gpy; ,Ue;J md;dpag;gl;l gphpTfs;>
ngz;zplk; ,Ue;J tpyfpa xOf;fj;ij Kd;itf;fpd;wNghJ> mij
itf;fpd;w Mz; jtWfpd;wNghJ> ngz; kPJ Fw;wk; rhl;Lfpd;wdH.
ngz;fs; Kiyia ~,e;jh gpb| vd;W jphpgtHfs; vd;W gpd;etPdj;Jt
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rhp> ,tw;iwg; Nghw;wp epahag;gLj;jp epw;fpd;w NghJk; rhp> vOJfpd;w
NghJk; rhp> gl;bdj;jhH> ngz;fs; ~Kiyahy; kaf;fp| Mz;fisr;
rpijg;gtHfs; vd;W $Wk; NghJk; rhp> rpdpkhtpy; ~~gps;isf;Fj;
jha;g;ghiyj; J}f;fp nfhLf;fr; nrhy;Y|| (ngz;zpd; cWg;ig
xl;b epiwa ghly;fs; rpdpkhtpy; cs;sd) vd;W ghLk;NghJk;
rhp> ,tHfSf;fpilapy; ve;j NtWghLk; ,Ug;gjpy;iy.
ngz;zpd; cWg;Gfs; kPjhd Mzpd; tf;fpukhd fhkkhf Mzhjpf;fk;
ntspg; g Lfpd; w NghJ> ngz; i zf; Fw; w k; rhl; L tJ my; y J
mijg; Nghw;wp mDgtpg;gJ vd;W r%fj;jpd; NtWgl;l eilKiwj;
Njit fUjpNa ngz;zpd; cWg;GfisAk;> mitfspd;
nray;fisAk;> elj;ijfisAk; tpsf;Ffpd;wdH. Mdhy;> ,t;thW
NtWgl;l jsj;jpYk; xNu Nehf;fpy; ngz;izf; fhz;gJ nghJthf
cs;sJ.
v. kfhghujj;jpy; Mzhjpf;fKk; ngz;zpaKk;

kfhghujj;jpy; tUk; jpnusgjp gy rNfhjuf; fztd; Kiwapy;
,Ue;jijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. mUr;Rdd;> tPkd; kidtpaHfs; gy Mz;
kzj;jpy; tho;e;jijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,d;W ,Uf;Fk; Mzpd; gyjhu
kzj;Jf;Fg; gjpy; md;W ngz;Zk; gy Mz; kzj;jpy; ,Ue;jij
kfhghujf; fw;gid GidT ,yf;fpak; rKjhaj;jpd; ,ay;gpy; ,Ue;J
Gide;J fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
236
gp. ,uahfud;
my; y p murhzpkhiy Guhzr; rhHG fijg; ghlypy;

ghz;baHfsplk; fg;gk; thq;Fk; ePd;Kfid my;yp VO tajpy;
mlf;Ffpd;whs;. gpd; gl;lk; #l;bf; nfhz;L 12 tajpy; Ntl;ilf;Fg;
Gwg;gLfpd;whs;;. ,Nj Neuk; jtW ,ioj;j mUr;Rdd; fpU\;zd;
cld; fhl;Lf;F tUfpd;whd;. mq;F my;ypiaf; Nfs;tpg;gl;lJld;
mts; jpUkzj; i j ntWg; g ijAk; mwpfpd; w hd; ; . ,td; xU
jiyg;gl;rf; fhjy;gl;L my;yp Nrid kPJ fpU\;zd; JizAld;
kha tpyq;Ffis VTfpd;whd;.
my;yp ,ij vjpHj;J mk;G tPRfpd;whs;. mUr;Rdd; mk;G
nghWf;fp nfhLf;fpd;whd;. my;yp fisg;gila> mUr;Rdd; mtspd;
fhiyg; gpbf;f> mtd; Mz; vdj; njhpe;j my;yp mUr;Rdidj;
Juj;Jfpd;whs;. fpU\;zDila rjp MNyhridg;gb kUe;J fyf;fp
mts; ngaiur; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;L ,Ug;gij mwpe;j my;ypapd;
Nridg; ngz;fs; mtidg; gpbj;J my;ypapd; Mizg;gb jz;lid
toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. fpU\;zd; Jizahy; mUr;Rdd; jg;Gfpd;whd;.
,g;gb my;ypf;Fk; mUr;RdDf;Fk; ,ilapy; NghuhLtJk;> my;ypapd;
ntw;wpiaf; fpU\;zd; JizAld; mUr;Rdd; jLg;gJkhff; fij
njhlHfpd;wJ. gpd; my;ypia epj;jpiuapy; fpU\;zdpd; JizAld;
mUr;Rdd; fw;gopj;J tpLfpd;whd;;. epj;jpiuapNyNa jhypAk; fl;b
tpLfpd;whd;. jhypia mWf;fKbahj tuj;ijf; fpU\;zd; ,lk;
mUr;Rdd; ngWfpd;whd;. gpd;dhy; my;yp ,e;jg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy;
ghz;ltHfSld; NghH nra;fpd;whs;. mq;F je;jpukhfg; gpbj;J
my;ypiaj; jpUkzk; nra;fpd;whd; mUr;Rdd;. kPz;Lk; my;yp kJiu
nrd;W murhs;fpd;whs;.
,e;j ,Ogwp kw;Wk; mUr;Rdd; fpU\;zd; rjpfs; %yk; gy
ngz;fisf; ftHe;j ePz;l fijapy; mUr;Rdd; moF gw;wp Fwpg;gpLk;
NghJ my;yp $Wtijg; ghHg;Nghk;.
~~moF Ntz;Lnkd;W nrhy;yp ahub fhj;jpUe;jhH
khg;gpis Ntz;Lnkd;W kaq;fpdth; ahub
fztid Ntz;Lnkd;w fhj;jpUe;jth; ahub
....................
kz;zhz;l uhrj;jp kidahl;b ahapUe;jhy;
G+kpahz;l uhrj;jp ngz;rhjpahapUe;jhy;
fz;lhH eifahNuh fypAfj;jhH vrhNuh||49
gp. ,uahfud;
237
gtsf; nfhbiaf; fl;lhag;gLj;jp mUr;Rdd; mile;jNghJ>

mUr;Rdd; $Wtijg; ghHg;Nghk;.
~~kFlj; Jiur;rpats; tho;turpay;yp ey;yhs;
my;ypatSila Mz;ikAdf;fpy;iyab||49
mUr;Rdd; Fwpg;gpl;l fhyf;nfLTf;Fs; tuhikahy; my;yp
gil vLj;J tUk; NghJ mUr;Rdd; gag;gLtij xl;b>
~~kjpkaf;f khr;RJ khatNu vd;d nra;Ntd;
vq;Nf nahspj;J ,Ug;Ngd;fhz; ikj;JdNu
ehd; vkNyhfk; NghNtNdh VOyfk; nfhz;ltNd
gpukNyhfk; NghNtNdh ngUkhNs nrhy;Ynkd;whs;||49
my;yp mUr;Rddpd; ,ay;ig mwpe;J ~~NtnwhUj;jp thrYf;Fr;
nrd;why; ntl;bg; Nghl;LtpLNtd;||49 vd;W vr;rhpj;j NghJ mUr;Rdd;
gag;gLtijg; ghHg;Nghk;.
~~ntl;lj; JzpthNs tPhpaj;ijr; nra;thNs
fztndd;Wk; ghuhNs fz;bj;Jk; Nghl;bLths;
................
caphpUe;jhdhf;fhy; cg;G tpw;Wk; cz;zyhk;||49
my;ypaplk; milf;fyk; nfhLf;fg;gl;l Rgj;jpiu kPJ ntwp
nfhz;L JhpNahjdd; my;yp muz;kidia Nehf;fp tUk; NghJ
mtidr; rpj;utij nra;Ntd; vd my;yp $Wtijg; ghHg;Nghk;;.
~~fpspnkhopaPH ehdpUf;ff; fpNyrk; ckf;NfNdh
Gyp Nghy ehdpUf;ff; G+itkPH mQ;RtNjd;
Mizapd; kj;jfj;ijr; rpq;fk; gpsg;gJ Nghy;
mtDila Nridfis mbNahL nfhs;NtNd
cjpuk; Gus itg;Ngd; Xl;LNtd; Ciu tpl;L
...............
mq;fk; mOfpatd; Mtpfs; mw;wtpor;
nra;fpNwd; ghUq;fs; NjH tpIad; NjtpaNu|| 49
my;ypaplk; rpf;fp nfhz;l JhpNahjdidr; rTf;F nfhz;L
jz;bf;Fk; fhl;rpia>
238
gp. ,uahfud;
~~....my;yp rTf;nfLj;J rhLfpwhs; Mdkl;Lk;

tQ;rk; njspAkl;Lk; tho;turp rhLfpwhs;
Nfhgk; mlq;F kl;Lk; rhb...|| 49
my;ypapd; kPJ fpU\;zd; vd;w ,iwtd; JizAld; kha
epiyapy; epj;jpiuapy; fw;gopj;J fHg;gkhf;fpa epiyapy;> tQ;rj;jhy;
gpbj;j epiyapy;> ghQ;rhyp nrhy; Nfl;L jhyp fl;l rk;kjpj;jNghJ
my;yp $Wfpd;whs;.
~~fOj;jpNy jhypaJ fl;bapUf;ifapNy
tapj;jpNy gps;isaJ te;JkpUf;ifapNy||49
- vd;W $wpNa Foe;ijf;fhfj; jpUkzj;ijr; rk;kjpj;jhs;.
,e;j rkag; Guhzf; fijapNyNa xU ngz;zpd; MSikiag;
Gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ngz;zpd; mjpfhuk;> r%f me;j];J vd;gd
ngz;zpd; cah;r;rpiag; Nghw;Wfpd;wJ. ngz;fs; kPjhd Mz;fspd;
mj;JkPwy;fSf;Fj; jz;lid mspg;gJk;> mij vjph;j;Jf; Fuy;
nfhLj;J ntd;w tuyhw;iwf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. Mzhjpf;fr; r%fk;>
ngz;zhjpf;fr; r%fk; vd;w ,U jsj;jpyhd Nghuhl;lj;jpy; ngz;zpd;
Nghuhl; l j; i j> ngz; z pd; ngz; i kapy; ,Ue; J Mzhjpf; f k;
tiuaWf;Fk;NghJ> mij Mz;ikahff; fhl;Ltjd; Clhf> ngz;iz
,opTgLj;Jk; Mzhjpf;f tpsf;fk; Clhf> ngz; mbikg;gLj;jg;
gLfpd;whs;. ,J ,d;W mlq;fhg;gplhhp> tha;f;fhhp Nghd;w gjq;fs;
Clhff; Nftyg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. vg;NghJk; Mz;fs; ngz;iz
Nehf;fp type;J nry;tJk; gpd;dhy; cjwp vwptJk;> NtW ngz;iz
Nehf;fp miytJk; vd;w Mzpd; Nghf;if vjpHj;J vr;rhpf;Fk;
my;yp mjw;Fj; jz;lidiaf; nfhLf;fTk; jaq;fpajpy;iy.
ngz;zpd; mjpfhuk;> nrhj;Jhpik my;ypiar; rKjhaj;jpy;
caHe;j me;j];Jf;F ,l;Lr; nry;Yfpd;wJ. ghz;ltH ePjpf; fijfspy;
ghz;ltH gf;fk; fhl;lg;gLk; ePjpapy;> Mzhjpf;fk; nfhYrhfpapUg;gij
my; y papd; eP j pf; f hd Nghuhl; l Kk; fhl; L fpd; w J. ,d; W ehk;
Mzhjpf;fj;Jf;F vjpuhfg; NghuhLk;NghJ my;ypapd; epiyiaf;
ftdj;jpy; nfhs;tJ mtrpakhFk;;. mjpfhuKk;> nrhj;JhpikAk;
,d;wp Mzhjpf;fj;ijf; fl;Lg;gLj;jNth> ngz;zpd; tpLjiyiar;
rhjpf; f Nth KbahJ vd; g ij ,J epWTfpd; w J. ngz; z pd;
gp. ,uahfud;
239
mjpfhuj;ijAk;> nrhj;JupikiaAk; kPl;f ,d;W NghuhLk; xNu

khHf; f k; > ghl; l hsptHf; f tHf; f g; Nghuhl; l k; kl; L Nk vd; g J
vjhHj;jkhd Kuz;ghl;Lf;Fs;> khw;wj;ijf; NfhUk; ,aq;fpayhf
cs;sJ.
fztd; xUtd; Njitapy;iy vd;gijg; giwrhw;Wk; my;yp>
tapw;wpy; Foe;ij cUthFk;NghJ ngaustpy; je;ijiaf; NfhUtJ
vd;gJ> ngz;zhjpf;fr; r%fj;jpy; ,Ue;J Mzhjpf;fr; r%fk; Njhd;wp
tsHe;J te;j Nghuhl;lr; rKjhaj;ij ,it gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ.
mjhtJ xU ngz; Z f; F f; fztd; mtrpakpy; i y. Mdhy;
Foe;ijf;Fj; je;ij mtrpak; vd;gij ,J fhl;LtJld;> jhypapd;
mtrpak; gw;wpa tpje;JiufSk; GFj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
Nga; Nghd;wtw;iw Mzhjpf;f mikg;G ngz;iz ,opTgLj;jp
tUzpj;jJ. ehybahhpy; Nga; gw;wpa $w;wpy;>
~~.. .. ml;ljid
cz;b cjthjhs; ,y;tho;Nga;||50
- vd;W Fwpg;gpl;Lg; ngz;izg; Nga;f;F xg;gpLfpd;whH. mjhtJ
fztDf;F czT itf;fhj ngz; Nga; vd;W $wp ,opTgLj;JtJ
epfo;fpd;wJ. Mzhjpf;f mikg;gpy; ngz;fs; MZf;Ff; fl;Lg;glhj
Nga;fshf ,Uf;fpd;wdH. mjhtJ MZf;F mbikg;gl kWf;Fk;
ngz;fs; Nga;fshfpd;wdH my;yJ nja;tkhf;fg;gLfpd;wdH. jpUkzk;
nra;ahj fhsp Nghd;w nja;tq;fs;> fhiuf;fhy; mk;ikahH Nghd;w
ehad;khHfs; midtiuAk; Ngahf my;yJ rf;jp gilj;j kDrpahf
Mzhjpf;f cyfk; tUzpj;J> tzf;fj;Jf;Fhpa FwpaPlhf khw;Wtjd;
%yk; Mzhjpf; f mikg; i gg; ngz; kP w hJ ghJfhj; j dH>
ghJfhf;fpd;wdH. Nga; gw;wpa gonkhopfs; ngz;izf; Fwpj;N;j
vOfpd;wd. ,J Nghd;W jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik mikg;gpy; ntspahFk;
,yf;fpaq;fs;> Mzhjpf;f ,yf;fpakhf ,Ug;gJ nghJ
tbtkhfTs;sJ. jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik mikg;gpd; midj;J
,yf;fpaq;fSk; Mzhjpf;fj; jd;ik nfhz;lit. mit jdpahd
E}Yf;F chpa tifapy; tpkHrpf;ff; $ba msTf;F tphpthdit.
RUf;fk; fUjp rpWgFjpiaNa ehd; ,jpy; tpkHrpj;J mk;gyg;
gLj;jpAs;Nsd;.
240
gp. ,uahfud;
Mzhjpf; f g;
gonkhopfs;
ng z;iz mbikg;gLj;jpa jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik Mzhjpf;fg;

Nghf; f py; gonkhopfs; cUthfpd; w d. ,it rKjhaj; i jg;
gpujpgypf;Fk; fz;zhbahfpd;wd. ,e;jg; gonkhopfs; Mzhjpf;f
mikg;gpd; xOf;fkhfpd;wJ. ,ij Muha;Nthk;.
~~tpjit vjpNu tUtJ mgr Fzk;.||37
,e;j Mzhjpf;f mikg;gpy; ngz;zpd; jpUkzNk mtspd;
capH thOk; jFjpia mq;fPfhpf;fpd;wJ. rhjpa hPjpahf> jho;e;j
rhjp kf;fs;> caH rhjp njUtpy; elg;gJ vg;gb Fw;wNkh> mJNghy;
tpjitf;Fk; epfo;fpd;wJ. Mz; mw;w ngz;> tpjit epiyapy;
tPl;by; mile;J tho Ntz;Lk; vd;w> Mzhjpf;fr; r%f xOf;fj;jpy;
,Ue;J ,e;jg; gonkhop r%f eilKiw tpsf;fkhfpd;wJ.
~~fy;yhdhYk; fztd; Gy;yhdhYk; GU\d;||37
- vd;w gonkhop ngz;zpd; mbikj;jdj;ijg;
gz;ghlhf;Ffpd;wJ. fztd; jhd; ngz;Zf;F vy;yhk; vd;w tpsf;fk;>
Mzpd; mjpfhuk; fl;Lg;ghlw;w tifapy; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
fztd; vt;tsT fPo;j;jukhdtdhf ,Ue;jhYk;> ngz; mtDf;F
mlq;fp> mtdpd; mbikahfr; Nrtfk; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;gijNa
,g;gonkhop r%f eilKiwahf;Ffpd;wJ.
~~NrWfz;l ,lj;jpy; kpjpr;R> jz;zpfz;l ,lj;jpy; fOtpg;
Nghl;Lg; Nghwtd;jhd; Mk;gpis||
- vd;W r%fk; tpsf;fp epahag;gLj;Jk;NghJ> Mzpd; gyjhu
kzk; mq; f P f hpf; f g; g Lfpd; w J. Mz; f Sf; F g; gy ngz; f is
mDgtpf;Fk; chpikia toq;fpaJ Mzhjpf;f mikg;G@ ngz;Zf;F
gp. ,uahfud;
241
xUjhu kzj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaNghJ jdf;F mij tpjptpyf;fhf;fpaJ.

Mz; tpgr;rhhpaplk; nry;yTk;> MZf;Ff; fw;G mtrpakw;wjhfTk;
fUjpajd; ntspg;ghNl ,e;jg; gonkhopahFk;.
~~jhd; jpUb ,jdhy; gpwiu ek;ghs;||
- vd;w Mzhjpf;f tpsf;fk;> Mzpd; tpgr;rhuj;ijg; ghJfhf;f
ngz;izNa Fw;wk; rhl;LtjhFk;;. ngz; Mzplk; fw;Ghpikia
vjpHghHj;Jf; Nfhhp NghuhLk;NghJ> mij mtSf;F vjpuhf khw;WtJ
XH MAjkhFk;.. mjhtJ ngz; jhd; jpUb vd;gjhy; gpwiu ek;ghs;
vd;gjd; %yk;> ngz; fs;sg; ghypay; cwT nfhs;gts; vd;gjhy;>
nrhe;jf; fztid ek;ghs; vd;w mHj;jj;ijf; nfhz;Nl> Mzhjpf;fk;
ngz;iz ,opthLfpd;wJ. jdJ Mzhjpf;f mjpfhuj;ijg; ngz;
kPJ epWt> jdJ tpNrl chpikiaj; jf;f itf;f> ngz;iz
epiy fyq;f itf;f> mtspd; fw;Ghpik kPJ vOg;Gk; gonkhop
Fw;wr;rhl;Lfs;> Mzhjpf;f mikg;gpd; mr;rhzpahFk;.
~~NgahdhYk; jha;> ePuhdhYk; NkhH||50
~~Nga; gps;isahdhYk; jha; js;sp tpLthsh||50
jha; f ; F k; > Foe; i jf; F k; ,ilapy; cs; s ge; j j; i jf;
fhl;Lfpd;wJ. jha;ikapd; cd;djkhd czHTfisAk;> $l;Lr; r%ff;
fz;Nzhl;lj;ijAk; rKjha hPjpahf mq;fPfhpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Mzpd;
thhpRhpikiag; ngw;Wg;Nghlf; NfhUk; rKjhaj;jpy;> jha;ikapd;
gz;Gfs; rpWikg;gLj;jp ntWk; ,ae;jpukhd ,af;fj;ijf; Foe;ijg;
Ngw;wpy; Mzhjpf;fk; vjpHghHf;fpd;wJ. Mdhy;> me;jf; Foe;ijiaf;
fUtpy; Rkg;gjpy; ,Ue;J jha;ik milAk; czHTfs; rhHe;J>
Foe;ij kPjhd ,aw;ifahd $l;Lj; jd;ikapdhy;> ngz; caHe;j
kdpjj; jd; i kiaf; nfhz; L tho; f pd; w NghJ> ,g; g onkhopfs;
Mzhjpf;fr; r%ff; fz;Nzhl;lj;ij kPwp ngz;zpd; caHitg;
Nghw;Wfpd;wJ.
~~ngz; vd;why; NgAk; ,uq;Fk;|| ngz; gw;wpa Mzhjpf;f
mikg; g pd; jho; T f; fz; N zhl; l khFk; . ngz; i z Mzhjpf; f k;
mbikahf; f p> mts; Mzpd; jatpy; tho; f pd; w NghJ Vw; g Lk;
mtkhdfukhd Jd; g q; f isAk; > Jauj; i jAk; gpujpgypj; N j
242
gp. ,uahfud;
,g; g onkhopfs; cUthFfpd; w d. Mzhjpf; f mikg; g py; ngz;

mbikahf coy;tijf; fz;L mDjhgg;gl;Lf; fijf;fpd;w NghJ>
Mzhjpf;f mikg;gpy; rPHjpUj;jj;ij mikjpahf> nkd;ikahff;
ifahSfpd; w Mzhjpf; f tbtj; i jf; N fhUk; fz; N zhl; l j; j py;
,g;gonkhop ngz;zpd; mbikj;jdj;ij> ngz;zpd; ,uz;lhtJ
epiyia cWjp nra; J ghJfhf; f pd; w J. gpr; i rf; f huDf; F
mDjhgg;gl;Lg; gpr;ir NghLk; kdpjd;> vg;gb r%f khw;wj;Jf;Fg;
gjpy; gpr;ir NghLtjd; %yk; r%ff; flikiag; G+Hj;jpahf;F
fpd;whNdh mJNghy;> ,g;gonkhopfs; ngz;zpd; mbikj;jdj;ij
cWjp nra;fpd;wJ. ngz; gw;wpa jho;Tf; fz;Nzhl;lk; ,jd;
cs;slf;fkhfj; njhlHtijAk;> mjdhy; mDjhgg;gLtJk; ,jd;
nghJ r%ff; fz;Nzhl;lkhFk;.
~~NgAk; mwpAk; ngz; rhjp gps;isia|| vd;W $Wfpd;wNghJ
ngz;zpd; mbikj;jdk; giwrhw;wg;gLfpd;wJ. khl;Lf;Ff; Fwpapl;Lj;
jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikia milahsg;gLj;JtJNghy;> jhyp Kjy; nghl;L
tiu ngz; z pd; kP j hd Mzpd; mjpfhuj; i j> milahsj; i j>
mbikj; j dj; i jf; Fj; j p fhl; L k; tof; f khfl; L k; > CUf; F k; >
cyfj;Jf;Fk; mwptpj;J jpUkzk; nra;tjhfl;Lk;> vy;yhk; ngz;zpd;
kPjhd Mzpd; Kj;jpiu Fj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jd; topapy; thhpRhpikAk;>
ngz;zpd; mbikj;jdKk; cWjp nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. ngz; %yk;
Foe;ij milahsk; cWjp nra;jJ Ngha;> Mzhjpf;f mikg;gpy;
Mz; %yk; ngz; i zAk; > Foe; i jiaAk; milahsk; fhZk;
Mzhjpf;fk; epyTtij> ,e;jg; gonkhop giwrhw;wp epw;fpd;wJ.
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ngz;zpd; mbikj;jdk; nfhz;l Jiz> thhpirg; ngw;Wg; Nghl
xU ngz;zpd; Njit> Mzhjpf;f mikg;gpy; Mzpd;
chpikahfpd; w J. ,J ,y; y hj epiyapy; Mzpd; tho; f ; i f
fLikahdJk; > tho; f ; i f tho; t jpy; mHj; j kw; w Jk; vd; g ijNa
,g;gonkhop $wp epw;fpd;wJ. kidtp ,y;yhj epiyapy; mHj;jkw;w
tifapy; igj;jpakhf> xOq;fw;w tho;it tho;thd; vd;gjd; Clhf>
ngz;zpd; mbikj;jdkhd fbd ciog;G ntspg;gLfpd;wJ.
~~mg;gDf;Fg; gps;is jg;ghky; gpwe;jpUf;F|| vd;w Mzhjpf;f
mikg;gpy; thhpRhpik Clhff; Foe;ijiaf; fhz;gJ Gyg;gLfpd;wJ.
gp. ,uahfud;
243
jha; ngw; w Foe; i japd; milahsk; je; i jA+lhff; fhz; g J>

ngz;zpd; ,opthd epiyiaf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. xU ngz; ngw;W
vLf;Fk; Foe;ijapd; je;ijiag; ngz; kl;LNk cWjp nra;a
KbAk;. Mdhy; jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik Mzhjpf;f mikg;gpy; ngz;Zf;F
tpjpf;fg;gl;l xUjhukzj;jpy;> Mzpd; thhpirr; r%fk; Fwpj;Jf;
fhl;l ,g;gonkhop cjTfpd;wJ. Mzpd; gyjhukzj;jpy; tphpe;j
vy;iy ,jw;F vjpuhd jd;ik nfhz;lNghJk;> ngz;zpd; fw;Ghpik
kPjhd Mzpd; fw;G mjpfhuk; thhpRhpikia Mz; rhHe;J cWjp
nra;fpd;wJ. Foe;ij kPjhd ngz; chpik kWf;fg;gl;L> Mzpd;
chpikia cWjp nra;Ak; Mzhjpf;f tpsf;fj;ij ,g;gonkhop
cWjp nra;fpd;wJ. ,d;iwa FUl;Lg; ngz;zpak; Mzhjpf;fka
khjypy; rYiff;fhfg; NghuhLfpd;wNghJ> Foe;ij kPjhd ngz;zpd;
chpikia Mzhjpf;f topapy; iftpl;Lr; nry;tJ xUNghf;fhf
cyfkakhjy; ghijapy; mjpfhpf;fpd;wJ.
~~cdf;fhfr; rhg;gpL. CUf;fhf cLj;J|| vd;w gonkhopapy;
cLj;Jjy; njhlHghd fz;Nzhl;lk; njspthf tpsf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
kw;wtHfSf;fhf cLf;Fk; fz;Nzhl;lk; Nktp epw;gijj; Jy;ypakhf>
Jyhk;ghukhf epHthzkhf;Ffpd;wJ. cLg;G cly; MNuhf;fpak; rhHe;J>
#oiyr; rhHe;J kl;Lk; Nghlg;gl Ntz;ba epiyapy;> ftHr;rp
fhl;l> kw;wtiuf; ftu vd;w epiyf;Fj; juk; jho;e;J khwptpl;lJ.
Mzhjpf;fg; ghypay; neUf;fbAld; cLg;G khdj;ijf; fhf;Fk; XH
Clfkhf ,Ue;jJ Ngha;> mijAk; chpe;J fhl;Lk; ftHr;rpfu
cLg;ghf;fp> tf;fhpj;Jf; fhl;Lk; epHthz tf;fpuf; ftHr;rpapy; re;ijg;
nghUshjhuk; kf;fis tf;fhpf;f itf;fpd;wJ.
~~mQ; R k; %d; W k; cz; l hdhy; mwpahg; ngz; Z k; fwp
rikg;ghs;|| vd;gjd; %yk; ngz;zpd; ghuk;ghpakpf;f flik> gz;ghL
hP j pahf epahag; g Lj; j g; g Lfpd; w J. rpy flikfs; ngz; Z f; F
chpj;jhdit vd;gijAk;> ,ij mtSf;Fr; nrhy;ypf; nfhLf;f
Ntz; b ajpy; i y
vd; g ijAk; > Mzhjpf; f g; gz; g hl; L topahf
,g;gonkhop tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.
~~Ml khl;lhj Njtbahs; njUNfhzy; vd;whshk;|| flTspd;
ngahpy; Nfhapy;fspy; tpgr;rhuj;Jf;Fj; js;sg;gLk; ngz;fs;> Mbg;
ghbNa tpgr;rhuk; nra;a Mzhjpf;f ,e;J kjk; NfhUfpd;wJ.
244
gp. ,uahfud;
mts; rKjhak; kPJ fUj;J $wNth> mgpg;gpuhak; nrhy;yNth

ve;jj; jFjpiaAk; kWf;Fk; ,g;gonkhop> ngz;zpd; gujf; fiyapy;
,Ue;J tpgr;rhuk; gz;Zk; tbtpy; nfhr;irg;gLj;jp>
,opTgLj;Jfpd;wJ. Njtbahshf> xOf;fj;ijg; ghJfhf;Fk; gzf;fhuH
kw;Wk; ghHg;gdHfshy; gyhj;fhukhf cUthf;fg;gLk; fz;Zf;fpdpa
mofpa ngz; f s; > kw; i wa ngz; f spy; ,Ue; J tpjptpyf; f hff;
fUj;Jiuf;Fk; tho;tpy;> mtspd; mgpg;gpuhaj;ijg; ngz; vd;w
mbg;gilapy; epd;Wk;> rKjhak; kPjhd vjpHg;ngd;w mbg;gilapy;
epd;Wk; ntsptUtijj; jLf;Fk;> Mzhjpf;ff; nfhr;irg; gonkhopjhd;
,J.
~~CUf;nfhU Njtbahs; ahUf;nfd;W MLths;|| ,J mg;
ngz;zpd; kPjhd Mzhjpf;fj;jpd; tphpe;j ghypay; Mjpf;fj;ijf;
fhl; L fpd; w J. Chpy; cs; s Mz; f s; vy; N yhhpdJk; ghypay;
Njitiag; G+Hj;jp nra;Ak;> ngz;zpd; epiyiaf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
rKjha hPjpahf Mzpd; gyjhu kzj;ijf; Nfhapy; rhHe;J Njtbahs;
(Njtd; mbahs;) %yk; Mz;fs; mile;jij> miltijr;
r%f mq;fPfhukhff; nfhz;L ,Uf;Fk; NghJ> CUf;F xU ngz;
,Ug;gpd; mtspd; Jd;gj;ij tpsf;FtNj ,g;gonkhop.
~~je; i j vt; t op jdad; mt; t op|| vd; g J Mzhjpf; f
thhpRhpikiaAk;> Mzhjpf;f topiaAk;> je;ijAhpik topapy;
epahag;gLj;JtNj ,g;gonkhop. thhpRfs; nra;Ak; Mzhjpf;fj;
jtWfis> je;ijapd; Mzhjpf;fr; r%fg; guk;giuA+lhf ,dk;
fhl; b mq; f P f hpf; F k; r%f ntl; L Kfk; > jha; t opf; F vjpuhf
,g;gonkhopiaf; ifahSfpd;wJ.
~~jhd; jpUb mry; tPL ek;gkhl;lhs;|| ngz;zpd; fw;G kPjhd
Mzhjpf; f r; re; N jfj; i j Mz; topapy; nfhr; i rg; g Lj; j p>
ghJfhf;fpd;wJ. gyjhu kzj;jpy; jpisf;Fk; Mz; kPjhd ngz;zpd;
NghHf; F uiyf; nfhr; i rg; g Lj; j > mijg; ngz; kP J jpUg; G k;
,g;gonkhop> ngz;zpd; fw;Ghpikiaf; nfhr;irg;gLj;jp>
Nftyg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. Mzpd; fw;G kPJ Nfs;tp vOg;Ggts;> jdJ
nrhe;jr; Nrhuk; NghFk; mDgtj;jpy; ,Ue;J Nfl;gjhf> Mzhjpf;fk;
ngz;izf; nfhr;irg;gLj;jp> Nftyg;gLj;j ,g;gonkhop cjTfpd;wJ.
rKjhaj;jpy; Mzhjpf;fk; ngz;iz ,opthLk; ntl;L Kfj;ij
,J gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ.
gp. ,uahfud;
245
~~jhiag; ghHj;J ngz;izf; nfhs;S> ghiyg; ghHj;J gRitf;

nfhs; S || vd; w jd; %yk; Mzhjpf; f mikg; g py; ngz; z pd;
mbikj;jdj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L Mzpd; RfNghfj;ij
,dk; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. jha; gw;wpa Mzhjpf;fr; r%f kjpg;gPl;by;
,Ue; J > kfspd; xOf; f j; i j> Mzhjpf; f k; tiuaWj; J > Gjpa
mbikia ,dk; fhz;gij ,g;gonkhop gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ.
~~ey;y khl;bw;F XH mb> ey;y ngz;Zf;F xU nrhy;|| ngz;
kP j hd Mzhjpf; f tiuKiwaw; w chpikia tpsf; F fpd; w J.
ngz;Zf;F Mz; fl;lisapLk;; NghJ> Nfs;tpapd;wp mlq;fp thof;
NfhUk; ,g; g onkhop> ,e; j Mzhjpf; f mikg; g py; Mzpd;
jdpj;Jtj;ij vLj;J ,ak;Gfpd;wJ.
~~gphpakpy;yhj ngz;bypYk; Nga; ed;W|| Mzpd; mbikahf
kWf;Fk; ngz; gw;wp ,g;gonkhop ,opTgLj;Jfpd;wJ. MZf;Ff;
fl;Lg;gl;L fl;Lg;ngl;bj; jdkhf tho kWf;Fk; ngz;iz> Nga;f;F
xg;gpLk; Mzhjpf;fk;> MZf;F mlq;fp Nrit nra;af; NfhUfpd;wJ.
~~gps; i sf; F cghj; j pahaUk; ngz; Z f; F khkpahUk; | |
Mzhjpf;fk; rhHe;j> Mz; tPL GFk; ngz; kPjhd khkpahhpd;
nfhLikia> Mzhjpf;f mikg;gpd; [dehaf mjpfhu tbtkhf
,Uf;fpd;wJ. jpUkzk; nra;j gpd; Mz; tPL tUk; ngz;iz
mlq;fp tho> khkpahH Ntlk; Clhf jdJ mjpfhuj;ij Mzhjpf;fk;
epWTfpd;wJ. Mzhjpf;fr; r%f mikg;G rKjhaj;ij xOq;FgLj;j
cUthf;fpa gy;NtW mjpfhu tbtq;fspy;> khkpahH ghj;jpuKk;
xd;whFk;;.
~~gps;is tuj;Jf;Fg; Nghdtplj;jpy; GU\idg; gwp nfhLj;jJ
Nghy|| Mzhjpf; f thhpirf; Nfhhp epHg; g e; j pf; F k; Mzhjpf; f
mikg;gpy;> gps;is tuk; Nfhhp Mzhjpf;ff; flTs;fs; thOk;
,lk; nry; Y k; N ghJ> mq; F ngz; kP j hd mj; J kP w y; gps; i s
tuj;jpD}lhf epfo;fpd;wJ. gioa rKjhaj;jpy; gps;is tuk; mw;w
ngz;fis> ghHg;gd KdptHfSld; mDg;gp> mtHfSld; gLf;f
tpl;L thhpirg; ngw topfhl;ba ghHg;gd kjk;> ,d;W mijNa
,e;J kjj;jpd; Clhfr; nra;fpd;wJ. gf;jpapd; gpd;dhy; Vkhw;wp>
ngz;zpd; fw;Ghpikiar; #iwahLtJk;> kWjsj;jpy; gps;is Nfhhpa
246
gp. ,uahfud;
Mzhjpf;f er;rhpg;G jhq;fhJ ngz; Nrhuk; NghtijAk; ,g;gonkhop

fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
~~ngz;lhl;b fhy;f;fl;L> gps;is tha;f;fl;L||> ~~fy;ahzk;
fl;bdhy; fhy;f;fl;L gps;is ngw;wgpd; tha;f;fl;L|| Mzhjpf;f
mikg;gpy; jpUkzk; Clhd ngz;lhl;b ghj;jpuk;> ngz;Zf;Ff;
fhy;f;fl;lhf mikAk; rpiwiaAk;> ngz; Foe;ijapd; grpj;j
tapw; W f; f hd r%f mbj; j sj; i jAk; ,g; g onkhop ngz; kP J
xOf;fkhf;Ffpd;wJ. xU ngz; rKjhaj;jpy; thOk; epiyia ,J
fhl;Lfpd;wJ. Mzhjpf;f mikg;G ngz;iz vg;gbahd epiyapy;
itj; J elj; J fpwJ vd; g Jk; > ,e; j r; rKjhaj; j py; ngz; z pd;
mtyKk; epHthzkhfpd;wJ. Mdhy;> gonkhop ngz;iz epHg;ge;jpj;j
xOf;fkhfg; Nghjpf;fpd;wJ.
~~ngz;Lfs; ,Ue;j ,lk; rz;ilfs; ngUj;j ,lk;|| ngz;fisg;
gz;ghl;L Ntyp Clhf tPl;by; rpiw itf;Fk;NghJ> neUq;fp thOk;
ngz; f spilNa> r%fg; gq; f spg; G rpijfpd; w NghJ> ngz; f spd;
Gifr; r yhd er; r hpj; j tho; f ; i f ngz; f spilNa ntbj; J f;
fpsk;Gfpd;wJ. nghUshjhu hPjpahfg; gytPdkhd ngz;>
gw;whf;Fiwahy; gy ngz;fspilNa gfpHfpd;wNghJ Vw;gLk; kdf;
frg; g hd jdpAilik neUf; f bfs; > ngz; f spilNa G+riyj;
Njhw;Wtpf;fpd;wJ. Mz;> ngz; kPJ nrYj;Jk; mjpfhuk;> mlf;FKiw
rKjha hPjpahf kPw Kbahj gz;ghl;lhy;> mit ngz;fSf;fpilapy;
ntbf;fpd;wJ. Mzhjpf;f mikg;G ngz;izr; rpiw itj;J mlf;fp
xLf;fp> ifNae;jp tho itg;gjd; Clhf> er;rhpg;ghd ,Uz;l
tho;f;ifiaAk;> Gifr;ry; nfhz;l ngz;fisAk; cUthf;fpa gpd;>
mijNa ngz; Z f; F vjpuhd gonkhopA+lhf Mzhjpf; f k;
nfhr;irg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
~~ngz;Zf;Fg; nghd; ,l;Lg; ghH. RtUf;F kz; ,l;Lg; ghH||
Mzhjpf; f mofpay; mikg; G g; Nghfj; i j Nehf; f p ngz; i z
moFgLj;jp> mjpy; ngz;iz ,yapj;Jg; Nghf epHg;ge;jpj;jdH.
ngz;iz moFgLj;jp> epHthzg;gLj;jp> ftHr;rp fhl;l epHg;ge;jpj;j
jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik mikg;gpd; vy;yh tsHr;rpf; fl;lKk; tpgr;rhukhfp
tUk;NghJ> mijg; ngz;zpz; Rje;jpukhff; fhl;b> moFgLj;Jtjpy;
js;spr; rPuopj;jJ. ngz; rpije;J neUg;ghfp vhpfpd;wNghJ> mjw;F
gp. ,uahfud;
247
vz; n za; Cw; W tJ Mzhjpf; f mikg; g pd; jtpHf; f Kbahj

cs;slf;fkhFk;;. ngz;zpd; moF> ftHr;rpapy; etPdg;gl> ngz;
mjpy; Mzhjpf;f> gpujpepjpahf> moF rhjdj;ij Mzhjpf;fr;
Rje; j pu> [dehaf vy; i yapy; Nfhuj; njhlq; F fpd; w hs; . ,J
fl;Lg;gLj;j Kbahj vy;iyapy;> ,g;gonkhop ngz;izr; Rl;b
tUfpd; w J. jdpr; n rhj; J hpik %yjdk; njhlHr; r pahf> tphpthf
Cf;Ftpf;Fk; Nghf;fpy;> %yjdj;ij cw;gj;jp nra;Ak;
ciog;ghsHfs; Kd; ,J xU Nghuhl;lkhf> nrhe;j kidtpf;F
vjpuhd fz;Nzhl;lkhf khWtij ,g;gonkhop giwrhw;Wfpd;wJ.
~~Ngjik nad;gJ khjHf; fofhk;|| mwptw;w Kl;lhs;jdk;
nfhz;l> ntFspj;jdkhd ke;j Fzk; nfhz;l elj;ijNa> ngz;zpd;
moF vd;gij ,g;gonkhop NfhUfpd;wJ. r%f mwptpd;wp> fztidf;
~~fz; fz;l nja;tkhfg; Nghw;wp|| thOk; r%f mbikj;jdj;Jld;
$ba> erpe;J> ,ope;J thOk; Ngijik tho;f;ifNa> ngz;zpd;
moF vd;gij ,g;gonkhop ngz;Zf;F vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ.
~~Ntz;lhg; ngz;lhl;bapd; ifgl;lhy; Fw;wk;> fhy; gl;lhy;
Fw;wk;|| kidtpahy; ntWf;fg;gLk; fztd; kPJ ngz; vy;yhtw;wpd;
kPJk; Fw;wk; fhZk; r%f eilKiwia ,g;gonkhop
vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ. ,J Mz; - ngz; vd;W gu];guk; ntWg;Gw;NwhH
nra;Ak; nghJthd eilKiwahFk;. Mdhy;> mijg; ngz; kPJ
kl;Lk; Rl;bf;fhl;Lk; gonkhop> ,e;j Mzhjpf;f xUjhuf; FLk;g
mikg;gpd; ntl;LKfj;ijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ntWg;G cUthfpd;wNghJ>
midj;ijAk; Fw;wk; rhl;Lk; eilKiw> jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik mikg;gpd;
nghJg; g z; g hFk; ; . Mdhy; > mijg; ngz; kP J kl; L k; Rkj; J k;
Mzhjpf; f r; r%f mikg; G > Mizj; jpl; l tl; l khf ,e; j g;
gonkhopA+lhfg; ghJfhf;fpd;wJ.
ghypaiy xl; b a
kdpj Kuz; g hLfs;
G w cyfpd; ntspg;ghlhd ,af;fj;Jf;F ntspapy; kdpjr;
rpe;jid jdf;Fs;> jd;dstpy; ntspg;gLtjpy;iy. Gw cyfpy;
elf;Fk; khw;wj;ijnahl;b kdpjr; rpe;jid midj;Jj; JiwfspYk;>
Gw cyF kPjhd ntspg;ghLfisg; Ghpe;J nfhz;l tpjj;jpy; kdpjd;
ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;whd;> rpe;jpf;fpd;whd;;. ,ijj; jhz;ba rpe;jidj;
jsk; fpilaNt fpilahJ.
,e;j tifapy; ghypay; gw;wpa mwpTk;> mjd;
ntspg; g Lj; J jYk; Gw cyfpd; ntspg; g hlhfNt kdpjDf; F s;
ntspg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J khWgl;l rKjhaj;jpd; Vw;w ,wf;fj;Jf;F
Vw;g kdpjr; rpe;jidapy; ntspg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;j ntspg;ghLfspd;
tpisTfs;> Fwpj;j ghypay; elj;ij kPJ kl;Lk; njhopw;gLtjpy;iy.
kdpjdpd; Gwr; #oy; ghjpg;gpd; tpisthf ntspg;gLk; ghypay;
elj;ijfs; vy;yhk; khwpf; nfhz;bUg;gJNghy; khwpa tz;zk;
ePbf;fpd;wJ.
rKjhaj;jpd; gy;NtW ghypay; elj;ijfs; kPJ itf;fg;gLfpd;w
tpkHrdq;fs;> Nghuhl;lq;fs;> jdpj;J mjd; kPjhd khw;wj;jhy; kl;Lk;
khw;wp tpLtjpy;iy.
Mzhjpf;fr; rKjhaj;jpy; ntspg;gLk; Mz; rhHe;j ghypay;
Mjpf;fk; ntWkNd ghypay; elj;ij kPJ fl;likf;fg;gLtjpy;iy.
khwhf> Gw cyfpd; nghJ ntspg;ghl;bd; kPJ> mJ rhHe;j Fwpj;j
rKjha Mjpf;fj;jpd; kPJ ntspg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;jr; rKjhaj;jpy;
ele;J tUk; khw;wq;fs;> ngz;zpd; njhlHr;rpahd Nghuhl;lq;fs;>
ghypaypy; MZf;F epfuhd ghypay; njhpTf;fhd chpikfs; $l
Gwr; rKjhaj;jpd; gpujpgypg;ghfj; jhd; ,Uf;fpd;wJ>
ePbf;fpd;wJ.
248
gp. ,uahfud;
gp. ,uahfud;
249
Mzhjpf;fk; toq;Fk; ghypay; rYiffs;> ngz;

NghuhbnaLf;Fk; ghypay; chpikfs;> Mzhjpf;fj;Jf;F cl;gl;Lj;
njhpT nra;Ak; ghypay; khw;Wf;fs; vd midj;Jk; RahjPdkhdit
my;y. khwhf vg;NghJk; Gwr; rKjhaj;jpd; ntspg;ghlhf> khWgl;l
th;f;ff; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpd; tpisthf cs;sJ.
Rje; j pukhd ghypay; njhpthf ek; G k; njhpTfSk; $l>
elj;ijfSk; $l rKjhaj;Jf;F ntspapy; RahjPdkhditay;y.
khwhf> rKjhaj; j pd; > mjpYk; tHf; f g; gpsTfspd; NtWgl; l
elj;ijfshy; MdJ. ,e;j elj;ijfs; $l nghJ tHf;f vy;iyf;Fs;
jdpkdpjHfspd; Gw cyf ghHitf;Nfw;g jdpj;jdpahfTk; $l
gpsTgLfpd;wJ.
,d;W cyfstpy; nghJg;gilahf ,uz;L gpsTgl;l rKjhaf;
fz;Nzhl;lk; ntspg;gLfpd;wJ. Kjyhtjhff; $l;Lr; rKjhaf;
fz;Nzhl;lKk;> ,uz;lhtjhfj; jdpkdpjr; rKjhaf; fz;Nzhl;lKk;
ntspg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j ,U rKjhag; Nghf;fpYk; $l ghypay;
elj;ijfs; ,jw;F ,irthf NtWgl;Lf; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. mjpYk;
,J Nkw;F ehLfSf;Fk;> %d;whk; cyf ehLfSf;Fk; ,ilapy;
$Hikahf NtWgLfpd;wJ.
Nkw;fpy; ghypay; elj;ijfs; Rje;jpukhdjhf ,Ug;gjhfg;
ghrhq;F nra;jgb> rKjhaj;jpd; tpisTfshd jdpegH
r%fr; fz; N zhl; l j; j pd; nghJg; Nghf; f py; > ,uz; L tHf; f g;
gphpTfSk; EfHjiy Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jp ghypaiy EfHfpd;wdH. ,q;F
kdpjHfSf;F ,ilapy; EfHjypy; fhzg;gLk; Ntl;if> rKjhaj;jpy;
#iwahLk; r%fg; Nghf;Ff;F ,irthf xUtiunahUtH mjpfk;
EfHjiyf; Fwpf;Nfhshff; nfhz;L ghypaiy ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wdH.
kW jsj;jpy; %d;whk; cyf ehLfspy; ghypay; rKjhaj;jpd;
$l; L tho; f ; i ff; F Vw; g > mJTk; $l; L f; fz; N zhl; l j; j py;
ntspg;gLfpd;wJ. Mdhy;> ghypaypy; Mzhjpf;fk; ngz;zpd; $l;Lf;
fytpia kWg;gjhy; ngz;zpd; ghypay; G+Hj;jpahf;fg;gLtjpy;iy.
Mzpd; $l;Lf; fytpf;Fg; ngz; xj;Jiof;Fk; kdpjg; gz;ig>
Mzhjpf;fk; Mzpd; jdpj;j EfHthfr; rPuopj;J tpLfpd;wJ. mjhtJ
%d;whk; cyf ehLfspy; ngz;zpd; gfpHe;J cz;Zk; $l;Lg;
250
gp. ,uahfud;
gz; G k; > ,jw; F vjpuhd Mzpd; gz; G k; Kuz; g l; l rKjhar;

rpe; j idfs; vg; g b $l; l hf cs; s Njh> mJ ghypaypYk;
ntspg;gLfpd;wJ. Nkw;fpy; jdpr; nrhj;Jhpikapy; ngz; EfHNthuhf
khwpajhy;> %d;whk; cyfg; ngz;iz tpl mjpfkhd Rje;jpuk;
cs;stshff; fhl;lg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J nghUl;fis EfHtJ Nghy;
ghypaypYk; Rje;jpuk; nfhz;ljhfg; gpuikia Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
,e;jg; Nghf;F vd;gJ ngz;zpay; Nehf;fpy; ngz;Zf;F
vjpuhdjhFk;. ngz;> Mizg; Nghy; EfHNthuhf khWtJ ngz;iz
tpLtpf;fhJ. khwhf EfHNthuhf Mz; - ngz; gu];guk; khWk;NghJ
kdpjr; rKjhaj;Jf;F vjpuhd fz;Nzhl;lKk;> mjw;F m];jpthuKk;
MfptpLfpd;wJ. ngz;zpd; fytp Kiw vd;gJ $l;Lf; fytpia
Kd;itj;J Miz Nehf;fp NfhUtjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,J gy
ngz;zpathjpfshy; ftdj;jpy; vLf;fg;glNt ,y;iy.
khwhf> Nkw; f py; (Vfhjpgj; j paj; j py; ) khwpa rKjhaf;
fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; EfHT vd;gJ Kjd;ikg;gl> mij xl;bg; ngz;zpd;
EfHTf; Nfhhpf;iffs; Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jg;gl;ldNt> xopa ngz;zpd;
$l; L tho; f ; i f Kd; d piyg; g Lj; j g; g ltpy; i y. ,e; j epiyapy;
nghUshjhu EfHtpy; gy njhpTfs; vg;gb rKjhaj;jpy; Mjpf;fk;
nrYj; J fpd; w Njh> mNjNghy; Mz; - ngz; > gy Mz; - ngz; i zg;
ghypaypy; EfUk; Nghf; F gz; g hlhf mijNehf; f p Mtyhfj;
J}z;lg;gLfpd;wJ. mNjNeuk; Mizg; Nghy; thOk; [dehaff;
Nfhhpf;iffs; rpytw;iw ntd;nwLj;j ngz;zpak; EfHTf;Fs; jdJ
tpLjiyia ntspg; g Lj; j paNj xopa> $l; L tho; T f; F Miz
ntd;nwLf;f my;yJ jdpkdpjf; fz;Nzhl;lj;ij mopj;njhopf;f
KbahJ> ngz;zpak; Mzhjpf;fkhfpj; Njhw;Wg;NghdJ. ,Jjhd;
Nkw;fpy; ngz;zpaj;jpd; nghJ ntspg;ghL. ,e;j vy;iyf;Fs; ,d;W
gy jj;Jtq;fs; Nfhhpf;iffs; Kisf;fpd;wdNt> xopa ngz;zpa
tpLjiyf;fhfg; ngz;zpaf; $l;L tho;f;iff;F Miz Kd;Ndw;wj;
jtwpAs;sJ. mj;Jld; ,e;j EfHTg; gz;ghL vd;gJ ngz;zpaj;jpd;
$l;L tho;f;iff; fz;Nzhl;lj;Jf;F vjpuhf> Gjpjhfj; Njhd;wp>
Mzhjpf;fkhf khwpAs;sJ.
xU kdpjd; mJ Mzhf ,Ue;jhYk; rhp> ngz;zhf ,Ue;jhYk;
rhp> fytpapy; <LgLk; NghJ mjd; ntw;wp - Njhy;tp vd;gJ jdpj;j
gp. ,uahfud;
251
mtHfspd; ntspg;ghl;by; jPHkhdfukhtjpy;iy. khwhff; fytp

njhlHghf mtHfs; kPJ Gw cyfk; vijf; nfhLj;Js;sNjh me;j
vy; i yf; F s; j hd; ghypay; ntw; w p> Njhy; t p Kbthfpd; w J. xU
kdpjDf;Fg; gjpy; ,UtH ,jpy; <LgLtjhy; ntw;wp - Njhy;tp
,Uthpd; ghypay; gw;wpa Gw cyfg; ghHitapy; xUkpj;j ghHit
my; y J tpyfy; > ghypay; ntw; w pia
my; y J Njhy; t piaj;
jPHkhdpf;fpd;wJ. ,d;iwa ghypay; neUf;fbfs; Gw cyfk; rhHe;j
jdpeghpd; rpe;jid tpyfypy; jhd; jPHkhdfukhfpd;wJ. jdpkdpjHfs;
ntWk; ,ae; j pukhfg; Gw cyfk; rhHe; J ,aq; F k; fUtpahfp
tpLfpd;whd;. ,J cyfk; KOf;fTk; nghJthdjhf cs;sJ.
cjhuzj;Jf;F> nghJthf Mzpd; ghypay; elj;ijfspy;
fytpf;F Kd;Ng tpe;J ntspNawptpLfpd;wJ. ,J rpy Mz;fspd;
Nehahff; fUjg; g l; L kUe; J fis EfUk; g b cyfk; rpghhpR
nra;fpd;wJ. Mdhy; me;j Mzpd; Gw cyfk; jOtpa> ngz;zpd;
ghypay; cWg;G gw;wpa tf;fpuq;fs; jhd;> mtdpd; ghypay; nraiy
Nehahspahff; fhl;btpLfpd;wJ. ,e;j epiyapy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; ngz;
Gjpa ghypay; neUf;fbiar; re;jpf;fpd;whs;. ,J gy Gjpa ghypay;
tpisTfis> gy Gjpa rKjha elj;ijfis> Nghuhl;lq;fis ..
tpistpf; f pd; w J. ngz; z pd; ghypay; elj; i japy; $l ,J
gpujpgypf;fyhk;. ngz;zpd; MNuhf;fpakhd ghypay; elj;ijia
vjpHghHf; F k; Mzpd; Gw cyfg; ghHitia> Mzhjpf; f f;
fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J ngz; Ghpe;J nfhs;sj; jtwpd; my;yJ
Mzhjpf;fg; gz;ghl;Lf; fl;Lg;ghl;lhy; $l ghypay; elj;ijapy;
neUf; f b Vw; g Lk; . ,g; g b gy
ghypay; elj; i japy; cs; s
neUf;fbfs; Gwr; rKjha tpisthf cs;sjhy; ,e;jr; rKjhaj;jpd;
nghUshjhug; gz;ghl;Lf; fyhr;rhuj;jpy; khw;wk; Vw;glhjtiu ghypay;
neUf;fb vd;gJ Gw cyfk; rhHe;J Ghpe;J nfhs;Sk; tbtpy;
njhlUk;.
ghypay; ntw;wp vd;gJ ghypay; gw;wp midj;J elj;ijapYk;
xUkpj;j ghHit cs;stHfsplk; kl;Lk; nghJthfr; rhj;jpakhdJ.
mjhtJ Gw cyfk; rhHe;j rpe;jid kPJ ghypaypy; xj;j ghHitAk;>
khwptUk; rKjhaj;jpd; Nghf;fpy; ,U gFjpapYk; njhlHe;j xj;j
ghHitAk; ntw;wpf;F Kd;epge;jidahFk;. Mdhy; tHf;f Vw;wj;
jho;Tf;F cs;shfp cs;s rKjhaj;jpy; ,J G+Hj;jpahtJ vd;gJ>
252
gp. ,uahfud;
Mzhjpf;fj;Jf;F vjpuhd Nghuhl;lj;jpy;> tHf;ff; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy;

xj;j ghHitia Kd;epge;jidahfpd;wJ. th;f;ff; fz;Nzhl;lj;ij
Neubahf ntspg;gLj;jhj kj;jpaju tHf;fg; gphptpy; ngz;zpay;
fz;Nzhl;lk;
Mzhjpf;fk; rhHe;J ntspg;gLtjhy;> mNjNeuk;
jdpkdpjr; rKjhaf; fz; N zhl; l k; tHf; f j; J f; F vjpuhf
ntspg; g Ltjhy; EfHTf; fz; N zhl; l k; ghypay; neUf; f bapd;
Njhw;Wthahf cs;sJ.
ghypay; neUf;fbf;Fg; nghJthf Mzhjpf;ff; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy;
fhzg;gLk; gpsT mbg;gilahf cs;sJ. ,ijj; jhz;b xj;j
Mzhjpf;ff; fz;Nzhl;lKk;> EfHTf; fz;Nzhl;lKk; ,ize;j
jdpkdpj thjj;jhy; ghypay; neUf;fbf;F cs;shfpd;wJ. ghypay;
ntw;wp vd;gJ Mzhjpf;fj;ijf; fle;j xNunahU epiyapy; kl;LNk
rhj;jpakhdJ.
,d;iwa ghypay; Nghf;fpy;> Nkw;fpy; Mz; - ngz; ,UtUk;>
%d;whk; cyfpy; Mz;fSk; jj;jk; ghypay; elj;ijapy; ,Ue;J
fhjy;> md;G vd;w Fiwe;j gl;r r%f mbg;giliaf; $l ,oe;j
epiyapy; EfHT Kjd;ikg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. %d;whk; cyfpy;
njhlHe;J ngUk;ghd;ikahd ngz;fSk;> rKjhaj;jpd; ciof;Fk;
kf;fSk; fhjypf;fTk;> md;G nrYj;jTk; Kbfpd;wJ.
epyg;gpuGj;Jtj;jpd; gz;ghlhf cs;s ,t;tplak; Vfhjpgj;jpag;
gz;ghl;lhy; mr;RWj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
,d;W ghypay; jpUg;jpapd;ikahy; Vw;gLk; tpthfuj;Jf;fs;>
Xhpdr; NrHf;iffs;> nraw;ifahd cgfuzg; gad;ghLfs;> kUj;Jt
hPjpahd NjLjy;fs;> kdNehahspfs;... vd r%fj;jpd; Nghf;fpy;
ntspg; g Lk; gpur; r idfs; jdpkdpjr; rpe; j idapd; > tpistpd;
gpujpgypg; G fs; my; y . khwhf> rKjhag; Nghf; f py; mjd; gpujp
tpisTfshf kdpjr; rpe;jidapd; gpujpgypg;Gjhd; ,itfs; MFk;.
,itfSf;fhd jPHTfs;> cz;ikapy; ntsp cyF rhHe;j Gwr;
rKjhag; Nghf;fpy; rhHe;Js;sNj xopa jdpkdpj cs;sj;ijr;
rhHe;jJ my;y. jdpkdpjHfs; Gw cyfpd; Nghf;fpy; rhHe;J> my;yJ
vjpHj;J Gw cyff; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; ghypay; Nghf;ifg; gpujpgypf;f
Kbfpd;wJ. ,jpy; vg;gbahd ghypay; MNuhf;fpakhdJ vd;gijg;
Gw cyfpd; kPjhd tpkHrdk;> eilKiw kl;LNk G+Hj;jp nra;fpd;wJ.
gp. ,uahfud;
253
cyfpy; cs;s kdpjHfs; vy;NyhUk; Gw cyF rhHe;J ntspg;gLk;

ghypay; rpe;jidia MNuhf;fpakhf> ntw;wpfukhff; ifahs> Gw
cyfk; rhHe; j ghypaiy MNuhf; f pakhfg; ghHf; F k; rKjhak;
mtrpakhfpd;wJ.
,d;iwa rpdpkhitg; ghHf;fpd; Nkw;fpYk;> %d;whk; cyfpYk;
ngz; gw;wpa cly; mq;fg; ghHitfs;> ghypaypd; elj;ij Fwpj;j
ntspg; g hLfs; Mzpd; Kd; > ,uz; L NtWgl; l rKjhaj; j pYk; >
NtWgl; l tbtpy; > NtWgl; l nghUshjhu tbtq; f Sf; F s; S k; >
NtWgl;Lg; gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ. ,e;jg; gpujpgypg;G jd;Dld; ghypay;
elj;ijapy; <LgLk; ngz;zplk; ,y;yhjNghJ Mzpd; ghypay;
Nehf;fk; rKjhaj;jpYk;> jdf;Fs;Sk; Nfs;tpf;F cs;shfpd;wJ.
,J ngz;zpd; jsj;jpYk; epfo;fpd;wJ. ,jw;Fg; Gwk;ghd ghypay;
Nehf;fk; rpe;jidapd; gpujpgypg;gpy; neUf;fbf;F cs;shfpd;wJ.
,d;iwa rpdpkh kw;Wk; ngz;zpd; tpsk;guq;fs; ngz;zpd;
mq; f q; f s; Mzpd; EfHTf; F hpa tifapy; > mjhtJ ghHj; j y; >
njhLjy;> mDgtpj;jy;> Nfl;L mDgtpj;jy; vd;w vy;iyf;Fs;
tiuaWj;J tpLtjhy; Mzpd; EfHT Ntl;if Gwr; #oy; tpisthy;
J}z;lg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;jj; J}z;Ljy; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l ghypay;
elj;ijapy; Njhy;tpf;fhd Kjy;topiaj; njhlq;Ffpd;wJ. ngz;zpd;
jsj;jpy; Mzpd; tPuk;> jplfhj;jpukhd cly;> Mzpd; md;gspg;Gfs;..
Nghd;w vjpHghHg;Gfs; ngz;zpd; Kd; js;sg;gl;L ,J ghypay;
mDgtpg;gpy; ,tw;iwf; fhzKbahjNghJ> ghypay;
neUf;fbf;Fs;shfpd;wJ.
ghypay;> rKjhag; nghUshjhu mikg;Gf;F Vw;g> nghUshjhu
eyd;fspy; ntd;wtHfs; jkJ nghUshjhu ntw;wpf;fhd Njitia
xl;bf; ifahSk; Mz; - ngz; cWg;Gfs; gw;wpa tiuaiwf;Fs;jhd;>
ghypay; elj; i jfs; fl; l ikf; f g; g Lfpd; w d. ,J mbg; g ilapy;
ghypay; neUf;fbapd; Njhw;wj;ij miw$Tfpd;wJ.
epfo;fpd;wJ. ,d;W nghUl;fs; kPjhd EfHTj; Njitf;F ntspapy;

EfHTf;fhfj; jpl;lkplg;gl;l tifapy; fl;likf;fg;gl;L> midj;J
rpe;jidj;jsKk; mjd; Nghf;fpy; cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wd. xU nghUspd;
kPjhd EfHT Kbtpd;wp> mNj kw;nwhU nghUis Efuj; Jbf;Fk;
rKjhaj;jpd; tpisthd jdpkdpjr; rpe;jidg; Nghf;Nf ghypaiy
EfHthfTk;> mij khwpkhwp NtWgl EfuTk;> jdpkdpjr; rpe;jid
Gw #oypy; ,Ue; J NfhuTk; > rpe; j pf; f Tk; > elj; i jAkhf
Kd;js;Sfpd;wJ. ,d;W gy ghypay; gw;wpa Ma;Tfs;> Nfhhpf;iffs;>
tpkh;rdq;fs;> elj;ijfs; EfHit mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ,e;jr;
rKjhaj;jpd; jdpkdpjdpd; #iwahLk; nghUshjhu eyd;fspy; ,Ue;J
ntspg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;j jdpkdpj elj;ijfs;> rpe;jidfs; ntspapy;
cs;s Gwr; r%fg; nghUshjhu mikg;Gf;F ,irthdjhf> mijg;
gyg;gLj;Jtjhfg; gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ.
rhpahd ghypay; elj; i jfs; vd; g J Rw; W r; # oypYs; s
jdpkdpjr; #iwahLk; EfHTg; nghUshjhu mikg;Gf;F vjpuhd
rpe; j idapy; > eilKiwapy; ghypay; elj; i jia MuhaTk; >
rpe;jpf;fTk;> elj;ijfisj; jPHkhdpf;fhj tiu cUthf KbahJ.
ghypay; elj; i jfspd; vy; i y ,e; j g; nghUshjhu mikg; g pd;
vy;iyahy;jhd; mjhtJ Gwepiy rhHe;j tho;epiyianahl;ba
rpe; j idapy; cjpg; g jhy; jP H khdkhfpd; w J. vdNt ,e; j g; Gwr;
rKjhag; nghUshjhu mikg;Gfis khw;wf; Nfhuhj midj;J
ghypay; Nfhhpf;ifAk;> me;jg; nghUshjhu vy;iyf;Fl;gl;l ghypay;
EfHTf; Nfhhpf;iffNs. nghUshjhu mikg;ig khw;wf; NfhUtJk;>
mjw;F ,irthd ghypay; Nfhhpf;ifANk> MNuhf;fpakhd r%f
Nehf;fk; nfhz;l Njitapyhd ghypayhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,jw;fhfNt
ehk; Nghuhlf; fw;Wf; nfhs;sTk;> kw;wij ,dk; fz;L nfhs;sTk;
Ntz;Lk;.
Njitfspy; ,Ue; J ghypay; elj; i jfs; fl; l ikf; f g;

gltpy;iy. ,e;jf; fl;likg;G Mz; - ngz;zpd; $l;Lf; fytpahf
,Uf;Fk;. khwhfg; ghypay; elj;ijfs; EfHit Nehf;fpa tifapy;>
re; i japy; nghUl; f Sf; F vJ epfo; f pd; w Njh> mNj topapy;
254
gp. ,uahfud;
gp. ,uahfud;
255
cUthf;fpaJ. Foe;ij ngw;wTld; Ruf;Fk; Kjy; kQ;rs; fLk;
ghy;> Foe;ijf;F Neha; vjpHg;G rf;jpia toq;Fk; ,aw;ifahd
capH tho;jypd; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; ghpzhkj; njhpthf ,Ue;jJ.
,yf; f paKk; ghypaYk;

[ dehafk; kWf; f g; g l; l kz; z py; ,Ue; J te; N jhUk; >
tuhNjhUk; ,ize;J> xLf;fg;gl;l kf;fspd; tho;tpay; gpur;ridapy;
,Ue;J eOtpa> mNjNeuk; mjw;F vjpuhd Gyk; ngah; ,yf;fpaj;ijg;
gilg; g hf; f pdH> gilg; g hf; F fpd; w dH. ,NjNghy; ehl; b Yk;
ve;jtpjj;jpYk; Kuz;glhj Nghf;Ffisf; nfhz;L rkkhfNt tsHr;rp
ngw;wd. ,jd; Nghf;fpy; gy ,yf;fpaq;fis> rpy vOj;jhsHfs;
ghypay; gpur;rid kPJ mjpfsT vOjj; njhlq;fpdH. ,d;W mJNt
,yf; f pak; vd; w sTf; F tplak; khwpr; nry; f pd; w J. ghypay;
gpur;ridfis ,tHfs; vg;gb Ghpe;J nfhs;fpd;wdH vd;gJ Kjy;>
ghypay; rpf;fy;fis Muha;tJk; Kf;fpakhdjhfpd;wJ.
,d;W mz;ikf; fhykhf ,yf;fpaj;jpy; vOjg;gLk; ghypay;
vOj; J f; f s; ehyhk; jukhd gz; g hl; L r; rP u optpd; topapy;
ntspg;gLfpd;wd. FWfpa fhyj;jpy; vg;gb Gfo; miltJ vdj;
NjbaNghJ> mijg; ghypay; gpur;rid kPJ md;wp ghypay; tf;fpuq;fs;
kP J jkJ vOj; i j vOj milahsk; fhz; f pd; w dH. mjhtJ
INuhg; g htpy; jdJ glq; f isAk; > ngaiuAk; > gj; j phpifapYk;
njhiyf;fhl;rpapYk; Nghl;Lf; fijf;f Ntz;Lk; vd tpUk;Ggtd;>
kf; f s; $ba ,lj; j py; epHthzkhf XLtJNghy; > ,e; j pahtpy; >
jiythpd; ngahpy; jw;nfhiy gz;ZtJNghy;> ,yf;fpaj;Jf;Fg;
Gfo; Neha; njhw;wp> ghypay; tf;fpuj;ijg; gilg;ghf;fp ntsptuj;
njhlq;fpAs;sJ.
ngz; - Mzpd; ghpzhkj; njhptpy; ghypay; J}z;liy>
,dtpUj;jpia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L> ,d;gj;jpd; Clhfj; J}z;ba
,aw;ifapd; Nghf;fpy;> kdpj ,dj;jpd; njhlHr;rpf;fhd Mjhuj;ij
ikakhf itj;Nj cUthdJ. ,e;jg; Nghf;fpy; ngz;zpd; khHG>
Foe;ijf;Fg; ghY}l;Lk; cWg;ghf ,aw;ifg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy;> ghpzhkk;
256
gp. ,uahfud;
Mdhy;> ,d;W Mz; - ngz; ,dtpUj;jp cWg;Gfs;> mjd;

,d; g k; vy; y hk; ,aw; i fia kWf; F k; EfHTf; f hd gz; g hf>
gilg; g hff; fhl; l g; g Lfpd; w J> rpe; j pf; f g; g Lfpd; w J. mJ xU
Foe; i japd; cUthf; f j; J f; f hd> kdpj kW cw; g j; j pf; f hd
,aw;ifapd; ghpzhkj; njhpT vd;gij ,r;r%fk; Mzhjpf;ff;
fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; kWj;jhapw;W. ntWk; ,d;gj;Jf;fhd EfHthff;
fhZk; ghypay; > gz; g hl; L j; Njitf; f hd ghypaypy; ,Ue; J
re;ijf;fhd ghypayhf khwptpl;lJ.
re;ijapy; vg;gb nghUl;fs; Njitapy; ,Ue;J md;dpag;gl;l
epiyapy; kdpjdpd; tf;fpukhd iffspy; rpf;fpaNjh> mjd; Nghf;fpy;
kdpjd; ,aw;iff;Fg; Gwk;ghf EfHfpd;whNdh> mg;gb ghypaypy;
Mz; - ngz;Zf;F ,ilapy; EfHTg; gz;ghlhfpAs;sJ.
ngz; z pd; khHgfk; Foe; i jf; f hd ghy; nfhLf; F k; xU
,aw;ifapd; ghJfhg;G vd;gJ khwp> ngz;zpd; khHG ghypaypy;;
xU EfUk; Clfk; vd; w xU gz; g hl; i l kdpjr; #oy;
Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. mJTk; ,d;W NkYk; ngz;zpd; khHG re;ijf;fhd
nghUl;fis tpw;Fk; xU tpsk;gug; ghypay;> EfHTg; gz;ghlhf
Mz;fSf;Fk;> ngz;fSf;Fk; fpSfpSg;G+l;LtjhfTk; khwptpl;lJ.
xt;nthU ngz;Zk; ghypay; EfHTf;fhf Mizf; ftUk; vy;iyf;Fs;
mjw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;Fk; msTf;F> Mzhjpf;fr; re;ijg;
nghUshjhuk; jpzpf;fpd;wJ. ngz;zpd; khHgfk; Foe;ijf;Fg; ghy;
nfhLf; F k; Clfk; vd; g ijr; nraw; i f> kWjypj; j hfp tpl; l J.
,Wjpapy; mit Foe;ijf;fhd ghy;Rug;gp vd;w mwptpaYf;Fg;
Gwk;ghd tpsf;fq;fs; nfhLf;fj; njhlq;fptpl;ldH. mjpYk; G+HRthg;
ngz;fs; jkJ cly; kPjhd Raf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf; Nfhhpf;ifapd;
Clhf> ,aw; i fia Mzhjpf; f topapy; mopj; J caphpaypd;
nghJ cs; s lf; f k; > jdpkdpjr; Rje; j puj; j pd; gpd; fhzhky;
Ngha;tpLfpd;wJ.
gp. ,uahfud;
257
ngz; z pd; cly; fl; L g; g hL vd; g J nrhe; j g; ghypay;

njhpT kPJ> jdJ mzpfyd;fs; kPJ> nrhe;j tbtikg;G kPJ>
nrhe;j ciog;G kPJ> nrhe;jr; rpe;jid kPJ rhHe;jJ. Mdhy;>
,uz;lhtJ kdpjDld; gq;F ngWk; epfo;Tfs; njhlq;fpaTlNdNa
mJ r%f epfo;thfp tpLfpd;wJ. r%f epfo;thf kdpj epfo;Tfs;
,Ug;gjhy; r%fr; Rje;jpuj;Jf;F cl;gl;Nl jdpkdpjr; Rje;jpuk;
,Uf; f Kbfpd; w J. cly; cWg; G fspd; jdpkdpjr; nray; f s;
$l r%ff; $l;L nraYf;F cl;gl;Nl ,Uf;f Kbfpd;wJ. ,y;yhj
jdpkdpjDila Nfhhpf;iffs;> mbg;gilapy; Mzhjpf;f tifiar;
rhHe; j it. ,q; F r%f ,af; f k; rhHe; j tplaj; i jr; nrhe; j
cly; fl;Lg;ghL rhHe;jJ vd;w thjk; EfHit mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;l Vfhjpgj;jpaj; jdpr;nrhj;Jhpik Nfhl;ghl;L
vy;iyf;Fl;gl;lJ.
jdpkdpjd; r%fj;Jf;Fg; Gwk;ghf> Rje;jpukhf ,Ug;gjhff;
$WtJk;> ghrhq;F nra;tJk;> mijf; NfhUtJk;> vg;gb Ruz;Lk;
eyd;fSld; njhlHGilaNjh> mNjNghy; ngz;zpd; cly; $Wk;>
mJ rhHe;j nray;ghLk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. Mzhjpf;fk; Mz; rhHe;J
jdJ clw;$W kPJ ngz;zpd; Rje;jpuj;ij kWj;J vijr; Rje;jpukhf
,Uf;fpd;wjhff; $Wfpd;wNjh> mijNa ngz; NfhUtJ ngz;zpa
Mzhjpf;fkhFk;;.
,ijnahl;ba nydpd; $w;nwhd;iwg; ghHg;Nghk;. ~~... NghuhLtJ>
czitAk; cilfisAk; nfhs; K jy; nra; j y; ~jdpahuJ|
tptfhukhFnkd;Wk;> thq;FjYk; - tpw;wYk; ~vd;id kl;LNk nghWj;j
eltbf;ifahFnkd;Wk;| fUJkhW kf;fSf;Ff; fw;Wj; je;j NfLnfl;l
me;jg; goq;fhyj;jpypUe;J Jz;bj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhfg; NghuhLtJ
cyf tuyhw;W Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j xU ngUk; Nghuhl;lkhFk; ;
Nrh\yp];L czHTf;Fk; Kjyhspj;Jt - muh[fthjj;
jd;dpay;Gf;Fk; ,ilapyhd Nghuhl;lkhFk;.||51 rKjhaj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;
jdpkdpjr; Rje; j puq; f s; mgj; j khdit. ,e; j f; Nfhhpf; i ffs;
mbg; g ilapy; G+HRth vy; i yapy; rP o ; g bfpd; w itjhd; . cly;
fl;Lg;ghl;ilr; r%fj;Jf;F vjpuhf itf;fpd;w NghJ mjw;F vjpuhd
Nghuhl;lk; tHf;fg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; Mjhukhfpd;wJ. ,e;jg; Nghuhl;lk;
Nfhl;ghl;by; muh[fthjkhfj; njhlq;Ffpd;wJ. ,J tuyhW KOf;f
ePbj;j> ePbf;fpd;w tHf;fg; Nghuhl;lkhf ,Ug;gJ jw;nrayhditay;y.
258
gp. ,uahfud;
,J tHf;fg; Nghuhl;lj;Jf;F vjpuhd re;jHg;gthjj;jpd; muh[ff;

Nfhl;ghlhFk;.
,uz;lhk; egH rk;ke;jg;glhj tiujhd; nrhe;j cly; kPjhd
Rje; j puk; eP b f; f pd; w J. rk; k e; j g; g Lk; xt; n thU re; j Hg; g j; j pYk;
Rje;jpunkd;gJ xd;iw kWg;gjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. jdpkdpjd; cyfpy;
vg;gb thoNth> ePbf;fNth KbahJ vd;gJ vjhHj;jkhdjhFk;. mg;gb
kdpjdpd; tho;T $l;Lr; r%f vy;iyapy; kl;Lk; ePbf;fKbfpd;wJ.
r%ff; $l;Lf;F cl;gl;Ljhd; jdpkdpjr; Rje;jpuk;> cly; fl;Lg;ghL
ePbf;fKbAk;. Mdhy;> vy;yh muh[fg; ngz;zpaKk;> Nfhl;ghLfSk;
r%fj;Jf;Fg; Gwk;ghf cly; fl;Lg;ghl;ilf; nfhz;L nray;gLtjhf
ebf;fpd;wd> NfhUfpd;wd.
ngz;zpd; cly; kPJ epfo;j;jg;gLk; td;Kiwfs;> rpijg;Gfis
vjpHj;J NghuhLtjw;F kf;fis mzpjpul;l Ntz;bAs;sJ. Mdhy;>
mij kWf;Fk; vy;yh muh[fg; ngz;zpathjpfSk; jdpkdpj
tpLjiyia Kd;js;Sfpd;wdH. jdpkdpjd; jpUe;Jtjd; %yk;
cyfj; i j khw; w f; NfhUfpd; w hd; . jdpkdpj (ngz; ) cly;
fl; L g; g hl; i lg; ngWtjd; %yk; Mzhjpf; f j; i j xopf; f KbAk;
vd; f pd; w dH. jd; d stpy; j hd; Rje; j pukhdtHfshff; fw; g id
gz;Zfpd;wdH. ,ijg; nghJf; Nfhl;ghlhf;Ffpd;wdH. ,tHfs; jkJ
nrhe; j muh[ff; Nfhl; g hl; b y; ,Ue; J kf; f s; jpusikg; i g
kWf;fpd;wdH. ,tHfspd; Gul;rpfukhd nrhw;$r;rYf;F ,ilapy;
,yFthd fw;gidapy; jk;ikj;jhk; tpLtpj;jjhff; fw;gid gz;zp>
fw;gidg; Nghijapy; kpjf;fpd;wdH. ,ij Kd;epWj;jpNa> kf;fis
mzpjpul; b g; Nghuhl Kay; g tHfisf; Nfyp nra; J jpUj; j ij
Kd;itf;fpd;wdH> khHf;rpaj;jpd; kPJ Ntz;LNfhs;fis tpLf;fpd;wdH.
khHf;rpaj;ijj; jpUj;jp> jphpj;j Mzhjpf;fj;ij xopf;f jdpkdpjf;
fw;gidapy; miof;fpd;wdH.
jdpkdpjf; fw;gidfs;> epidTfs; Nghijahfpd;w NghJ
mijr; RNal;irahd nrayhf vz;zj; njhlq;Ffpd;wdH. ,e;jr;
r%fj;jpy; ,Ue;J md;dpag;gLtJ mjpfhpf;f> jhk; jk;kstpy;
Rje;jpuj;ijg; ngw;Wtpl;ljhff; $WtJld;> kw;wtUf;Fk; mijg;
Nghjpf; f pd; w dH. ,J Nfhl; g hl; l stpy; muh[fthjkhFk; . ,J
jk; k stpy; cly; fl; L g; g hl; i lf; nfhz; b Ug; g jhfTk; > nray;
gp. ,uahfud;
259
gLtjhfTk; gpufldk; nra;fpd;wJ. Mdhy; cz;ikapy; ,J kpf

Nkhrkhd Mzhjpf; f vy; i yf; F s;
Mzhjpf; f kakhfpd; w J.
Mizg;Nghy; jd;idAk; khw;wpf; nfhs;fpd;wJ. ,J Mzhjpf;fr;
r%fj;jpy; Nghl;bapLtjd; %yk; jd;idg; Gul;rpahsdhff; fhl;bf;
nfhs;fpd;wJ. ,J ngz;zpd; tpLjiyf;F vjpuhdjhf ,Ug;gjhy;
vg; N ghJk; > Mzhjpf; f j; i j tpisthf; F fpd; w J. Mzhjpf; f
mikg;igj; jfHf;fhj midj;J Nfhkhspj;jdq;fSk; Gul;rpfu
Nt\q;fspd; gpd; nrhe;j EfHit mjpfsTf;F mDgtpg;gijf;
Fwpf;Nfhshff; nfhs;fpd;wJ.
,aw;ifapd; ghpzhkj; njhpit> nraw;ifapy; Mzhjpf;fk;
jdJ Ruz;Lk; eydpy; gbg;gbahf khw;wpa r%fg; nghUshjhu>
gz;ghl;Lf; fyhr;rhug; Nghf;fpy; ,Ue;J Miz tpLtpg;gjw;Fg;
gjpy;> ngz; mjw;F ,irthfj; jd;idAk; khw;wpf; nfhz;lhs;.
mjw;F ,irthd tpsf;fq;fisAk; ngz; nfhLf;fj; njhlq;fpdhs;.
,jd; cr; r j; j py; > ,jd; Nghf; f py; ngz; z pd; cly; kP j hd
ngz;zpd; fl;Lg;ghL gw;wpa $r;rYk;> Rje;jpuk; gw;wpa gpjw;wYk;
vOe;jJ.
MzpdJk;> ngz;zpdJk; cWg;Gfs; ve;j epiyapy; jdJ

nghUshjhur; re;ijiag; gyg;gLj;j> gad;gLj;j Kbfpd;wNjh>
mjw;Fl;gl;l ghypay; gz;ghLfisg; Gwr; r%fepiy Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
cWg;Gfs; kPjhd ghypay; vjpH ghHitfs;> Nehf;fq;fs; Gwr; #oiyr;
Rw;wpAs;s r%fg; nghUshjhu epiyf;Fl;gl;L tpidahw;wiyr;
nraw;ifapy; J}z;lTk;> NfhuTk; nra;fpd;w Nghf;fpy; gy;NtW
ghypay; Nghf;Ffs;> neUf;fbfs; Vw;gLfpd;wd.
ghypay; elj;ijiaj; jPHkhdpf;Fk; Gwr; #oypy; Gul;rpahy;
khw; w k; Vw; g Lk; N ghJ midj; J g; ghypay; elj; i jfSk; $lj;
jiyfPohf khWfpd;wd. ,J khWk; nghUshjhu mikg;GfspYk;
$l khw;wj;ij epHzapf;fpd;wJ. Nkw;fpYk;> %d;whk; cyf ehLfspYk;
fhzg;gLk; ghypay; NtWghLfs; ,jw;Fs; jpzWfpd;wJ. ,d;W
cyfkakhjy; Mf;fpukpf;fpd;wNghJ jPtpukhd khw;wj;ijg; ghypay;
NfhUfpd;wJ.
ghypay; gw;wpa ,e;jg; ghh;itfis xl;b nydpd;>
xU ngz; jd; cly; kP j hd fl; L g; g hl; i l [dehaf

vy;iyf;Fs; Nfhhpf;ifahff; NfhUk; NghJk; rhp> mij Mz;
nfhz;Ls;s NghJk; rhp (,q;F Mzpd; Rje;jpuk; vd;gJ Mzhjpf;fr;
rKjhar; Rje;jpuj;ijf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ. jdpkdpjd; ,jw;F ntspapy;
Rje;jpukhf ,Uf;f KbahJ.) ,it ,e;j
Mzhjpf;f
vy; i yf; F s; s hd Ruz; L k; rKjhaj; j hy; vy; i yg; g Lj; j pa
Rje;jpuk;jhd;.
~~..... typik kpf;f muRfs; nehWq;fp tpOe;J nfhz;bUf;Fk;

,r;rfhg;jj;jpy;> gioa Mjpf;f cwTfs; gpa;jn
; jwpag;gLfpd;wnghOJ>
xU nkhj;jr; r%f cyfKk; mopaj; njhlq;Ffpd;wnghOJ> jdp
kdpjDila GyDzHr; r pfs; rP f ; f pukhf khw; w kilfpd; w d.
gytifahd ,d;gj;ij mDgtpf;fj; Jbf;Fk; jhfk; jLf;f Kbahj
rf; j piag; ngWfpwJ. jpUkz kw; W k; ghYwT tbtq; f s; Kjyhspj; J t mHj; j j; j py; - ,dpNky; jpUg; j paspg; g jpy; i y.||52
(gf;fk;-63)
ngz;fs; NfhUk; Rje;jpuKk;> Mz;fs; itj;Js;s ,e;jr;

r%fj;jpd; Mzhjpf;fr; Rje;jpuKk; ghypay; elj;ijfis mjd;
,aw;ifahd jsj;jpy; ,Ue;J mopj;Js;sd. ghypay; Njitapy;
,Ue;J ghypay; elj;ijiaj; jPHkhdpg;gjw;Fg; gjpy;> Gwr; #oiyj;
jP H khdpf; F k; re; i jg; nghUshjhuk; ghypay; gz; g hl; i l
ntspg; g Lj; J k; N ghJ> ,e; j ntspg; g hLfs; kdpj elj; i jfs;
Mfpd;wd.
,e;j epiyapy; Gyk;ngaH r%fk; (<oj; jkpoH) nrhe;j kz;zpy;

epyg;gpuGj;Jtr; r%fg; nghUshjhu> gz;ghl;Lf; fyhr;rhuj;jpy; ,Ue;J>
Nkw;F ehLfspd; Kjyhspj;Jt - Vfhjpgj;jpar; r%fg; nghUshjhug;
gz;ghl;by; jd;id ,d;W epiy epWj;jpAs;sJ. nrhe;j ehl;by;
Kjyhspj;Jt [dehafkw;w epyg;gpuGj;Jtf; $l;Lf; FLk;gr; rpijtpy;
,Ue;J> jdpkdpj [dehafj;ij Kjd;ikg;gLj;Jk; Kjyhspj;Jt
Vfhjpgj;jpar; r%fj;Jf;Fs; te;Js;Nshk;.
260
gp. ,uahfud;
gp. ,uahfud;
261
,e;j ,U jsg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; rpf;fpf; nfhs;Sk; Gyk;ngah;

r%fj;jpd; xUgFjp kz;zpd; fyhr;rhuj;ijf; fhl;Lkpuhz;bj;jdkhdJ
vd;Wk;> kWgFjp thOk; kz;zpd; (Gyk; ngaHe;j kz;) fyhr;rhuj;ijr;
rP u opTf; fyhr; r hukhfTk; ghHf; f > tpsf; f j; njhlq; F k; N ghJ>
mijnahl;b ,yf;fpaq;fSk; ntspg;gLfpd;wd. ,jd; Nghf;fpy; xd;iw
xd;W vjpHj;Jk;> ghJfhj;Jk; elf;Fk; ghypay; gw;wpa thjg;gpujpthjk;
rHr;irf;Fhpajhf khWfpd;wJ> khwptpLfpd;wJ.
ghHf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. ,ijNa ngz;Zf;fhd chpikahf> Rje;jpukhf

itg; g jd; %yk; > nghJ kfspH EfHTf; fz; N zhl; l j; j pd;
nghJg;Nghf;fpy; tpgr;rhuj;ij Kd;js;Sfpd;wdH.
epyg;gpuGj;Jtg; ghypay; elj;ij rhHe;j xOf;fj;Jf;Fk; gz;ghl;Lf;Fk;> Vfhjpgj;jpag; ghypay; elj;ij rhHe;j xOf;fj;Jf;Fk;
- gz;ghl;Lf;Fk; cl;gl;L ntsptUk;> ghypay; rhHe;j ,yf;fpaj;jpy;
99.99 rjtPjkhd tpisT vd;gJ epyg;gpuGj;Jtf; fhl;Lkpuhz;bj;
jdj; i j epahag; g Lj; j pAk; > Vfhjpgj; j pa ehyhk; jur; rP u opTg;
gilg;igr; Rje;jpukhdjhfTk; fhl;bNa gpurtpf;fKbe;jJ> Kbfpd;wJ.
,y;iy. xUf;fhYk; ,y;iy. ,ij nydpDila tpsf;fj;jpy;

,Ue;J ghHg;Nghk;;. ~~ghYwT tho;f;ifiag; gw;wp ,isQHfspd;
khwpa mZFKiw ~Nfhl; g hL hP j pahdJ| mJ jj; J tj; i j
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;bUg;gjhfNt fUjg;gLfpwJ. gyH jq;fSila
epiy ~Gul;rpfukhdJ| ~fk;A+dpr| epiy vd;W $WfpwhHfs;. mJ
cz; i k vd; W mtHfs; kdg; G +Htkhf ek; G fpwhHfs; . xU
tNahjpfdhfpa vd;id> ,J ftHr;rpf;ftpy;iy. ehd; rpLrpLg;ghd
re; e pahrp my; y . vdpDk; ,isQHfspd; - gy rkaq; f spy;
nghpatHfspy; $l - ~GJg; ghYwT tho;f;if| vd;wiof;fg;gLtJ
vdf;F Kw;wpYk; Kjyhspj;Jt tHf;fj; jd;ik cilajhf> gioa
Kjyhsp tHf; f tpgr; r hu tpLjpapd; kw; n whU ,ufkhfj; j hd;
Njhd;WfpwJ. ,jw;Ff; fk;A+dp];Lfshd ehk; Ghpe;J nfhs;fpd;w
Rje;jpukhd fhjYf;Fk; ,jw;Fk; fLfsT xw;Wik $l ,y;iy.
fk; A +dprr; rKjhaj; j py; xUtUila clw; g rpiaj; jP H g; g Jk; >
fhjYf;fhf Vq;FtJk; xU lk;sH jz;zPiuf; Fbg;gijg; Nghd;wNj
vd;w gpugykhd jj;Jtj;ij ePq;fs; epr;rakhff; Nfl;bUg;gPHfs;.
ek;Kila ,isQHfs; ,e;j ~xU lk;sH jz;zPH| jj;Jtj;ijj;
Nfl;L ntwpaile;J tpl;lhHfs;...... gpugykhd ~xU lk;sH jz;zPH|
jj; J tj; i j ehd; Kw; w pYk; khHf; r pak; my; y hj jj; J tkhff;
fUJfpd; N wd; . NkYk; mJ r%f tpNuhjkhdJ vd; W ehd;
fUJfpd; N wd; . ghYwT tho; f ; i fapy; kdpjDf; F ,aw; i fahy;
jug; g l; l it kl; L k; ntspahftpy; i y. fyhr; r huj; j pypUe; J
ngwg; g l; l itAk; - caHe; j kl; l Nkh> jho; e ; j kl; l Nkh ntspahfpd; w d. ghYwTf; fhjy; tsHr; r paile; J > NkYk;
ehfhpfkiltJ vt;tsT Kf;fpak; vd;gij ~Vq;nfy;];> FLk;gk;>
jdpr; n rhj; J > muR Mfpatw; w pd; Njhw; w k; | vd; w E}ypy;
Rl;bf; fhl;bdhH..... ~~ghYwT tptfhuq;fspy; mlf;fkpd;ik Kjyhsp
xU FLk;gj;jpy; my;yJ jdpkdpjg; ghypay; elj;ijapy;

,yf;fpaq;fs; Kjd;ik nfhLf;Fk; tplak; jdpkdpjr; Rje;jpuk;
vd;w jdpkdpj thjq;fNs. mjhtJ r%fj;jpy; jdpkdpjdpd; ghj;jpuk;
vd;d?; r%f ,af;fj;jhy; jdpkdpj elj;ijfs; vg;gb ghjpf;fpd;wd?
vd;w tplaj;Jf;F mg;ghy;> r%fj;Jf;Fg; Gwk;ghd jdpkdpjr; Rje;jpuk;
rhHe;j ghj;jpur; rpj;jhpg;Gfisg; ghypay; Gul;rpahf;Ffpd;wdH.
r%fj; J f; F g; Gwk; g hfr; rpyH Rje; j pukhf thOk; cyf
xOq; F vg; g b midj; i jAk; jdpkdpjdpy; ,Ue; J nkhj; j r;
r%fj;Jf;Fk; jPHkhdpf;fpd;wdNth> mNjNghy; ghypay; ,yf;fpaKk;
r%fj;jpy; ,Ue;J my;yhJ jdpkdpjg; ghypay; elj;ijfis>
tf; f puq; f isr; r%fj; j pd; elj; i jahf; f f; > NfhhpAk; jk; i k
ntspg; g Lj; J fpd; w d.
rKjhaj;jpy; Mz; - ngz; cwTfspy;> Mz; vg;NghJk;
xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l ngz;iz ehLtJ r%f hPjpahf
mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mdhy; ngz; mg;gb mZFtJ r%f hPjpapy;
kpf Nkhrkhd elj; i jahff; fhl; l g; ; g Lfpd; w J. Mdhy; > ,J
INuhg; g par; r%fq; f spy; ,d; W
r%ff; Fw; w khf> kP w yhfg;
262
gp. ,uahfud;
Mz; - ngz; ghypaypy; Vw;gLk; neUf;fbf;fhd jPHT vd;d?

mjd; gilg;G vy;iy vd;d? vd;w Nfs;tpfspy; r%f tpyfy;fs;>
mjhtJ INuhg;gpag; Nghf;Ffs; jPHit toq;Fkh?
gp. ,uahfud;
263
tHf;fj; jd;ikNa. mJ rPuoptpd; mwpFwp.||52 (gf;fk; 64-65) vd;whH

nydpd;.
mjhtJ Njitapy; ,Ue;J my;yhJ EfUk; Mirfspy; ,Ue;J
Gwg;gLk; ghypay; ehl;lq;fs; rPuopTf;fhd Kjw;gbahFk;. ,d;W
ghypaiy EfHTj; j sj; j py; EfHfpd; w NghJ mJ ngz; i z
tpLtpf;ftpy;iy. khwhfr; Ruz;liy mjpfhpf;fpd;wJ. ,jpy; ngz;
Nghl;b Nghl Kay;fpd;whs;. Kd;G Mz; kl;Lk; EfHe;j Nghf;fpy;
ngz; Eioe;jJ vd;gJ rKjhar; rPuoptpd; Gjpa tbtkhf cs;sJ.
Kd;G tpgr;rhuk; vd;gJ ghypaiyg; gzj;Jf;F thq;FtJ vd;gij
xJf;fpagb> ,g;NghJ rKjhaNk tpgr;rhuj;jpd; vy;iyapy; ghypaiy
itj; J Ruz; L fpd; w dH. ,e; j g; Nghf; F ghl; l hsptHf; f j; j pd;
Nfhhpf;ifay;y. Kjyhspj;Jt tHf;fj;jpd; ,opthd Mghrkhd
epHthzhkhFk;. INuhg;gpar; r%fq;fspy; ,d;W ghypaiy kpf
,yFthf mDgtpf; F k; N ghJ> mq; F gu]; g uk; xUtiu xUtH
Ruz;Ltjpy; Nghl;b NghLfpd;wdH. ,e;j cwTf;F Ke;jpa gpe;jpa
cwTfs; thq;FgtDf;Fk; tpw;gtDf;Fk; ,ilapy; re;ijg;gLj;Jk;
Nghf;fpy; epyTk; cwitj; jhz;baJ my;y> xU ghypay; cwT
vd; w sTf; F r; rKjhak; rP u ope; J NghdJ. vy; y htw; i wAk;
nghUshfTk;> EfHthfTk; fhz;gJk; EfHtJk; ,r;rKjhaj;jpd;
nghJg; Nghf; f hFk; . ,J Gjpa ghypay; neUf; f bfisj;
Njhw;Wtpf;fpd;wJ.
Mz; - ngz; Vd; ghypay; neUf;fbapy; rpf;fpf; nfhs;Sfpd;wdH
vdg; ghHg;Nghk;;. ghypay; gw;wpa rpe;jid jdJ nrhe;j kdepiy
rhHe;J kdjpy; ,Ue;J cUthtjpy;iy. khwhfg; Gw cyfpd; Rw;Wr;
#oypy; Vw;gLk; Mzhjpf;f tpisTfspy; ,Ue;J> EfHTg; gz;lkha;
,yhgel;l Nehf;fpy;> ghypay; gw;wpa rpe;jidAk; mijnahl;ba
cstpay; kdg;ghq;Fk; Vw;gLfpd;wJ. ,jpy; Mz; - ngz; cstpay;
kdg;ghq;F Ghpe;J nfhs;Sk; jsj;jpy; NtWgl;l epiyapy; cs;sjhy;>
ghypay; gw;wpa vjpHghHg;G NtWgLfpd;wJ. ghypay; elj;ijfspy;
clypd; xt;nthU mq;fKk; ve;j khjphpahd tifapy;
,aq;fNtz;Lk;> xt;nthU cWg;Gk; vd;d khjphp nray; Mw;w Ntz;Lk;
vd;w cstpay; kdg;ghq;F vjpHghHf;fpd;w Nghf;fpy;> Kuz;ghL
Vw;gLfpd;wNghJ ghypay; neUf;fb Vw;gLfpd;wJ.
264
gp. ,uahfud;
,jd; kPjhd vjpHghHg;Gfis Mz; - ngz; Ngrpj; jPHf;f

Kbahj Mzhjpf;f kdg;ghq;Fk; nrhj;Jhpikf; fz;Nzhl;lKk;>
MizAk; - ngz;izAk; xU FLk;g mikg;Gf;Fs;
neUf;fbf;Fs;shf;fpd;wJ. Mdhy;> FLk;gj;Jf;F ntspapy; Vw;gLk;
,uz;lhtJ cwtpy;> Mzhjpf;f cyfpy; ,Ue;J kPwp ,U jug;Gk;
ghypay; elj;ijapy; <LgLk;NghJ (,q;F Mzhjpf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J
my; y . khwhf Mzhjpf; f xOf; f j; i j kP w p)> Kd; K aw; r pAs; s
ghypaypy; ,uz;L kdpjhpd; tpUg;gq;fs; G+Hj;jp nra;Ak; gz;G
mjpfhpj;Jf; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. MdhYk; ,q;F ,e;j cwTf;Fs;
EfHTf; fz; N zhl; l Kk; > gad; g hl; L j; jd; i kAk; CLUtpf;
fhzg; g Lfpd; w J. ,J tpgr; r hu kl; l j; J f; F f; fP o ; ,wq; f pa
tifapYk; mtHfspd; r%fg; nghUshjhug; ghHitf; F l; g l; L k;
elf;fpd;wJ.
,e;jg; ghypay; elj;ijapYk; $l> Gwr; r%f cstpaNy
nray;; Mw;Wtjhy;> Gw cyfpd; Nghf;fpy; Gjpa ghypay; vjpHghHg;G
neUf;fbiaj; Njhw;Wtpf;fpd;wJ.
,d; i wa FLk; g q; f spy; Vw; g Lk; ghypay; neUf; f bfs;
FLk;gj;Jf;Fs; fhzg;gLk; Mzhjpf;fr; r%fg; ghHit> Mz; ngz; ,U jsj;jpYk; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l xOf;f vy;iy ,jw;fhd
J}z;Lk; fUtpahf cs;sJ. kWjsj;jpy; Gw cyfk; ghypay;
elj; i jfis> EfHTf; fz; N zhl; l j; j py; fyg; g w; w rpw; w pd; g g;
ghYzHr;rp cwTfisf; NfhUk; ghypay; tf;fpuq;fs;> FLk;gj;Jf;Fs;
Gjpa ghypay; neUf;fbfis Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
,jw;F ntspapy; FLk;gq;fs; gphpe;J thOk; gy;NtW #oy;fs;
mjhtJ ntspehl;by; Ntiy> nghUshjhu neUf;fbfs;> kdpj
czHit ,oe;j nghUspd; cWg;ghFk; EfHTg; nghk;ikj;jdk;>
epue;ju ,uhZtk;> FbAhpikia kWj;J FLk;gj;ijg; gphpf;Fk;
muRfs; > FLk; g j; i jr; NrHf; f ,Oj; j bf; F k; Nghf; F fs; >
jpUkzj;Jf;Fj; jilahd rPjdk;> ghypay; Njitiag; G+Hj;jp nra;a
Kbahj Mzhjpf;fr; r%f xOq;F> fl;lhaj; jpUkzq;fs;> mfjp
tho;f;if........
Nghd;w gw;gy fhuzq;fs; FLk;g neUf;fbapd;
mq;fkhf cs;sd. ,it midj;JNk r%f hPjpahditNa xopa
jdpkdpjd; rhHghdit my;y. ,e;j neUf;fbapy; rpf;Fk; Mz; gp. ,uahfud;
265
ngz;zpd; ghypay; elj;ijfs;> xOq;F kPwy;fs; jdpkdpjdpd;

Fwpj;j nrayhw;wYk; my;y.
,e;j khjphpahd epiyikapy;> mj;JkPWk; ghypay; elj;ij
kPJ ,e;j Mzhjpf;fk; r%fj; jz;lidia toq;Fk;NghJ> ,J
jdpkdpjHfs; kPJ elj;JtJ vg;gb fLikahd tpkHrdj;Jf;FhpaNjh>
mNjNghy; ,ijg; Nghw;Wk; nraYk;> elj;ijAk; mNj murpay;
topg;gl;l topapy; cs;sJld; tpkh;rdj;Jf;Fk; fz;ldj;Jf;FhpaJk;
MFk;. jdpkdpjHfs; r%f epfo;Tfspd; kPjhd jdpj;j elj;ijfspy;
Fw;wthspahf ,Ug;gJ xU rpWgq;F kl;LNk xopa cz;ikahd
Fw;wthsp ,e;jr; r%fNkahFk;. ,e;jr; r%fk; vd;fpd;wNghJ Ruz;Lk;
r%f mikg;Ng. ,NjNghy; jdpkdpj xOf;f kPwy;fs; r%fj;jpy;
,Ue; J Vw; g Ltjhy; jdpkdpj epahag; g Lj; j y; f s; r%fj; j pd;
Fw; w q; f is epahag; g Lj; j p> r%f mikg; i gg; ghJfhf; F k;
Nfhl;ghLfisf; Nfhug;gLtjhfp tpLfpd;wJ.
mLj;J> Gw cyfpd; EfHTg; gz;ghl;by; rpf;fpf; nfhz;l
cyfk; jOtpa r%fg; nghUshjhug; Nghf;Ffspy;> xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l
mNj nghUl; f is tpjk; t pjkhf mbf; f b khw; w pf; nfhz; L
Efuf; NfhUk; gz;ghl;by; ghypay; kPwy;fs; elf;fpd;wd. ,J
INuhg;gpar; r%fq;fspy; ,ay;ghd Nghf;fpy; mq;fPfhuk; ngw;w r%fg;
nghUshjhug; gz;ghlhfpAs;sJ. Mdhy;> vkJ rKjhaq;fspy; ,J
efHg;Gwq;fspy; mjpfhpj;j mstpy; Vfhjpgj;jpag; gz;ghl;Lf; fyhr;rhu>
nghUshjhur; #oyhy; gyhj;fhukhfj; jpzpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jw;Fk;
kughd epyg;gpuGj;Jtf; FLk;g mikg;gpy; ,Uf;Fk; xOq;Ff;Fk;
,ilapyhd Nghuhl; l k; > Gwr; r%f epiyahy; ge; j hlg; g LtJ
mjpfhpj;Js;sJ.
,it Neubahd ghypay; elj;ij rhHe;j ghypay; kPwyhf
cs; s mNjNeuk; ghypay; my; y hj ghypay; kP w y; f isg;
ghHg;Nghk;.
,d;iwa Mz; - ngz; fhjy;> kw;Wk; jpUkzq;fs; mtHfspd;
tpUk;Gtdtw;wpy; VjhtJ xU $wpy; kl;Lk; nghJthf ,izg;Gf;
Fs;shfpd;wdH. gzk;> fy;tp> me;j];J> vspik> moF> vjpHghuhj
xU re;jpg;G> jw;nrayhd xU ghHit> njhLjy;... Nghd;w VjhtJ
266
gp. ,uahfud;
xd;wpy; my;yJ xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;ljpy;> ,J Nghd;W ,UtUf;Fk;

Kd;dpiyg; ghj;jpuk;> fijf;Fk;Kiw> goFk;Kiw> ftHr;rp.............
Nghd; w Mapuk; tplaq; f spy; xd; W $l xU FLk; g j; i j
cUthf;Ffpd;wJ. ,e;j cUthf;fj;jpNyNa FLk;gk; neUf;fbiar;
re;jpf;fpd;wJ. Fwpj;j Jiw kPjhd ,zf;fj;Jf;F mg;ghy; kw;iwa
Jiwapy; Vw; g Lk; Kuz; g hL Mz; - ngz; z pd; gpsTf; f hd
fhuzkhfpd;wJ. Fwpj;j If;fpaj;Jf;fhd tplaj;Jf;F mg;ghy; cs;s
tplaq;fspy; vOk; Kuz;ghl;il> ntspapy; ,Ue;J kw;nwhUtH
jPHf;f Kw;gLk;NghJ FLk;gj;Jf;Fs; mjd; kPjhd Kuz;ghL> kw;wtH
kPjhd ghypay; MHtj;ijAk; elj;ijiaAk; J}z;Lk; Nghf;F
cUthfpd; w J. Vnddpd; me; j cwtpy; fhzg; g Lk; ghypay;
mZFKiw chpikf;F ntspapy; ,yFthfTk;> Mzhjpf;f chpikf;
FLk; g mikg; g py;
fbdkhdjhfTk; Mzhjpf; f g; Nghf; F
Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ.
ghypay; kPjhd kdpjg; Nghf;Ffs;> Cryhl;lq;fs;> njhpTfs;
,e;jr; r%fg; Nghf;fpd; ntspg;ghlhf cs;sJ. ,e;jg; ghypay;
Nghf;fpd; njhpTfs; midj;Jk; r%fg; nghUshjhu> gz;ghl;bd;
khw;wq;fis xl;ba vjpHtpidfshfg; gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ.
MNuhf;fpakhd ghypay; elj;ij> njhpT> Nghf;Ffs; vd;gJ
,d;W cs;s Vfhjpgj;jpag; ghypay; elj;ijiaAk;> epyg;gpuGj;Jt
elj;ijiaAk; ve;jsTf;F tpkHrpj;J> mjw;F khw;whd ghypay;
Nghf; i f vg; g b njhpT nra; f pd; N whk; vd; f pw r%fg; ghHit
nfhz; l ghypayhFk; . ,e; j MNuhf; f pakhd ghypay; vd; g J
r%fg; nghUshjhu> gz;ghl;Lf; fyhr;rhug; Gul;rpfspy; kl;LNk
ntw;wpiaj; Jy;ypakhf;Fk;. me;jg; gz;ghl;Lf; fyhr;rhug; ghypaiyg;
Ghpe;J nfhz;l ghypay; Nfhhpf;iffis Vw;Fk; ,yf;fpaq;fs;
kl;LNk cz;ikahd> MNuhf;fpakhd> ,yf;fpa kw;Wk; ghypay;
Gul;rpahFk;;.
ghypay; <Lghl;il EfHtpy; ,Ue;J> Njitf;F Vw;g khw;WtJk;>
ghypay; cWg;Gfis EfHTr; re;ijapy; ,Ue;J kPl;L vLg;gJk;>
re;ijg; nghUshjhuj;jpy; ,Ue;J ghypay; elj;ijfs;> gz;ghLfis
kPl;L vLf;Fk; ghijapy; rKjhaj;ij Kd;Ndhf;fp efHj;jNtz;Lk;.
mj;Jld; Mzhjpf;fg; gz;ghl;by; ngz; kPjhd ghypay; elj;ijia
gp. ,uahfud;
267
kWjypj; J g; NghuhLtJ mtrpaKk; epge; j idAkhFk; ; . ,ijg;

ghJfhj;jgb ngz; ,ijf; Nfhhpd; mijAk; vjpHj;Jg; Nghuhl
Ntz;Lk;.
,d;iwa r%fg; ghypay; tpisTfshy; Vw;gLk; ghypaypy;
jdpegH tpyfy;> r%f tpyfy;fis ,jd; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; mZfTk;>
Njitahd NghJ tpkHrpf;fTk; jaq;ff; $lhJ. xU jdpkdpjdpd;
ghypay; Njitia ,Uf;fpd;w r%f xOq;fpy;> mjd; Nghf;fpy; kPwp
mZFk; NghJ> mjid epahag; g Lj; J tjw; F g; gjpy; > ,r; r %f
mikg;gpy; mjw;fhd fhuzj;ij Kjd;ik nfhLj;J vjpHf;fNtz;Lk;.
xt;nthU tpyfypd; gpd;Gk; ,r;r%f mikg;G fhuzkhf cs;sjhy;>
mjd; kPjhd tpkHrdk; vd;gJ r%fj;ijr; rhpahd ghijapy;
mioj;Jr; nry;Yk;;.
mt;thW ,y;yhJ tpyfypy; epd;W mij epahag;gLj;Jk;
midj; J k; > ,r; r %f mikg; G f; F s; jP H it mjd; topapy;
epahag; g Lj; J tjhFk; . mJ ,Uf; F k; Mzhjpf; f EfHTf;
fyhr;rhuj;jpy; ghypaiyr; re;ijg; nghUshf;fp epahag;gLj;Jk;
ghypay; Nfhl;ghlhf;fp tpLfpd;wJ.
-P S--P
1.
\m-hz-u vU-P- & C Am-]---\
2.
Ps--P-o- A-]- & C-U-S-
3.
Sk- , ua \z- x , A- _ B- Q - - - u-
& . H[-P
4.
D -_ & -] -- Bu- z-v--UP
5.
P- k-u- CU-P[-P & -Q-- m-Q
6.
\--u-\z u-- - P--m CU-Pz-u

- &
7.
C-b-P- - &
8.
s-q-- ]- --P & v- ]--
9.
E-[-P- -- Ps-h h- & . \[-Sm-k-
10. u[-P K B- & \n Ch---S

11. --n u & \ Ch---S
12. s & ( & i\- 1996) C-v- s-P \g-]-P
13. ---z-v - & .B. A-z-P
14. -_z-u u-P- ()
15. - us-p & u--v-z va-\-
& g-_ - ----k
268
gp. ,uahfud;
gp. ,uahfud;
269
16. k-u-U-S --{-hz-x u-- P-a -\z-v- u
36. u-. u- (Ah[-P)
17. \-|-P & C[-P- u-- |v Bu-z-v u-

-- S--h- z-uU-P J-- - z-v-U-P
37. Az-u-- C-x--u (P 1)

& g-\ \-u G.H. .Ga-i.
18. -s-q -u E--P- & -. P. P\--.
38. Az-u-- C-x--u (P 2)

& g-\ \-u G.H. .Ga-i.
19. vU-S-B & P 1,2

20. _-P & {- -U-Sz u z-v--P
21. \-|-P & C[-P- u-- |v Bu-z-v u-
-- S--h- z-uU-P J-- - z-v--UP
22. z-u --- s u-[-P &
hU-h. A[-P. C--[-P.
23. Ru- -U-P & Q. --o
24. z-u--x Bv--u & P. Az-v-u--\ s-i-u
25. hU-h A-z-P a-_ Gz-x & uS-v: 7
26. U-P P-a-\-z-u s-nU-S \U-v-P
& -U Ps-n
27. \z-v- -P- \vU Pu-P- & G.._-u-
28. s-m-k -P-z u-i & uS-: b. j-
29. uz A-[Q- & P.H. Sn-\-P-
30. v- Pa- \ - & C- v - m- ] - P - U- ] - Bu- -
Pa-\- z-v--UP
31
ua-\-P u-[-P &

B. C-- Pz-v-P-. .P
39. CU-P- n- \P E--P-

& hU-h Pz-v-P-_ ]z-u-
40. vU-S& G.G --u-]-P
41. _----u v--n H? & -
42. \[-P CU-Q-z-v \-P A--P
& S.. -_----o-
43. u - - i- [- P ]- - J s
{- |U-S & \- v-a-\-v-
44. z-v- u-[-P- z-u- v-P-
& - A-n-\-
45. z-v- u-[-P- z-u- v-P-
& - A-n-\-
46. Az-u-- C-x--u (P 2) & Ps-n-u-\
47. v--v- & . -u--
48. ]z-u h-P
49. - n a \- Pu h- P - Bs s E-
&--. P. P\-
32. - Pg-]- & uS-v: 6
50. Km-k EkU-P-i h-P & ]. U--o
33. C-- Q-n- J v & .B. A-z-P
51. A--P--u- A--P--u ]s-iU-P--\- &

U & H[-P &
34. - Pg-]- & uS-v: 2
52. CLARA ZETKIN -& --] -- -_-

s-P z-v-UP
35. -P-z R-u K B- & \ Ch---S

270
gp. ,uahfud;
gp. ,uahfud;
271
""
Bs- P , s- P - m- k - - ; AQ- EPz- v U-P J----- H----, g-\

\- - - CU- P s- k - - x Eh- U
P- PU- P E- v - - P - - Q . J
Sv h- U- Q A- - x US [- Q -
A- \- z- u i- - x G- - x , J U- P z- v
z- v - S - u - - P a \- u - A- - x u- u - Aa- \ - m - i U Pu- i- x
Gx A- U- S {- S u- . Es- - -
A, Pu-U-S x Eh-U P-P--u
Ch- - s- k . H- A[- S B\- P m- k - u U- P,
z- P - z- v - P ]- x Ch- - . C- - u
sP- Es- - - _u- v - x- E hU
P-P--u QhU-P i-. H Ax-u
G- a
_u- v - [- P - U- S
- h- - ,
ua _u- v - z- uz u- - U- Q - - x . Ax
_u- v - z- v - v - - \v, u, Ph- Gu-
m- - k z- x - v- - . Ax v- - n z- u s- P UPU- S - - u- - P a - \- - v . Ax
sP Bs-P- hU S-- uSv-h--P
A G- Px- Q - - x .
Es- - - C-
Es--- u
s- P - - u - - Ph-
P- U P- P
G- - - s- P - U- S U
Pk \- \- P - _- - Ax A- P mkU P- - v .
''
C-S
- \[-Q
- z-v
- -
(x Eh--u G-?
G--
- -x)

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jkpo;j; Njrpa Mtzr; Rtbfs;

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jkpo;j; Njrpa Mtzr; Rtbfs;

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jkpo;j; Njrpa Mtzr; Rtbfs;

ngz; vg;gb mbikahdhs;?

Mzhjpf;fj;Jf;F vjpuhd Nghuhl;lj;ijg; ngz;

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jkpo;j; Njrpa Mtzr; Rtbfs;

mjpfhuk; ngz; z pd; czitAk; > ghJfhg; i gAk; toq; f pa

tHf; f mbikg; g Lj; j y; ngz; z pdkhf ,Uf; f > Kjy; tHf; f g;

ngz; jdf;F kWf;fg;gl;l czT Kjy;> Mz; jdf;fhd

jkpo;j; Njrpa Mtzr; Rtbfs;

GzHr; r pAk; FLk; g Kk;

jkpo;j; Njrpa Mtzr; Rtbfs;