PHN TCH DAO NG CA KHUNG PHNG CHU TI TRNG CNG

BC THEO PHNG PHP PHN T HU HN KHONG

(ANALYZING DYNAMIC OF PLANE FRAME STRUCTURE UNDER FORCED
LOAD BY INTERVAL FINITE ELEMENT METHOD)
TS. L Cng Duy
ThS. ng Hng Long
Khoa xy dng - Trng i hc Duy Tn
Tm tt: Bi bo trnh by mt thut ton gii bi ton dao ng cho kt cu bng phng
php phn t hu hn trong trng hp c tham s u vo khng chc chn dng s
khong. Php tnh ti u hm s khong c tc gi s dng lng ghp vo phng php
gii lp Newmark a ra thut gii phng trnh vi phn dao ng ca kt cu c tham s
khong.Thut gii c lp trnh tnh ton trn phn mm Maple theo tng bc thi gian
trong min thi gian kho st dao ng ca kt cu. Mt v d p dng cho bi ton dao ng
ca khung phng m cc phn t thanh c khi lng phn b u, chu ti trng ng dng
iu ha trong trng hp xt n mt s yu t u vo l c trng vt liu E, ti trng, v
t s cn di dng cc tham s khong.
Abstract: This paper presents a method of analyzing dynamic of structure by Finite element
method (FEM) with interval parameter inputs. Optimum interval function method is used and
combined with Newmark-method in order to solve the equation of dynamic . Algorithm is set up
in Maple following step time. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate possible
application of algorithm in which the weight of frame element is distributed uniformly per unit
length of element, the forced harmonic load with parameter inputs like that material property,
load, damping ratio in interval numbers.
Key words: Interval numbers, Interval analysis, Dynamic of structures with interval
parameters, Dynamic of structures with uncertain parameters,Structural system.
1.t vn
Dao ng cng trnh l mt vn c nghin cu t lu trn th gii. nc ta, tc
th ha din ra nhanh chng ko theo s ra i ca nhiu cng trnh cao tng. Vn
nghin cu dao ng cng trnh v ang c quan tm trong v ngoi nc
[5],[6],[7],[8]. C nhiu phng php phn tch dao ng, cc phng php chnh xc v
c bn l tm cch gii phng trnh vi phn dao ng di dng gii tch, tuy nhin vic s
dng phng php gii tch thng gp mt s kh khn khi bc t do ca h ln. Trong thc
t cc phng php tnh gn ngtheo phng php s c nghin cu pht trin v s
dng c hiu qu khi cho kt qu vi chnh xc p ng yu cu thit k, ng thi tn
dng c kh nng tnh ton ca my tnh. Trong bi bo ny, phng trnh vi phn dao
ng ca kt cu c Ma trn khi lng [M] v ma trn cng [K] c thit lp theo
phng php phn t hu hn, ma trn cn [C] c t hp tuyn tnh theo ma trn cng
[K] v ma trn khi lng [M] theo cng thc ca Rayleigh [6],[9]. Vic gii phng trnh vi
phn dao ng ca kt cu c tc gi xut bng cch s dng Php tnh ti u hm s
khong[2] lng ghp vo phng php gii lp Newmark a ra thut gii phng trnh vi

phn dao ng ca kt cu c tham s khong.Thut gii c lp trnh tnh ton trn phn
mm Maple theo tng bc thi gian trong min thi gian kho st dao ng ca kt cu. Mt
v d p dng cho bi ton dao ng ca khung phng m cc phn t thanh c khi lng
phn b u, chu ti trng ng dng iu ha trong trng hp xt n mt s yu t u
vo l c trng vt liu E, ti trng, v t s cn di dng cc tham s khong. Trnh t
cc bc v s thut ton c trnh by chi tit trong mc 3 bn di.
2. Phng trnh c bn ca phng php PTHH khong phn tch dao ng cng bc
Theo nguyn l cng kh d, m rng mt cch t nhin phng trnh vi phn dao ng ca
kt cu theo phng php PTHH [4],[6],7],[9], ta c phng trnh vi phn dao ng ca kt
cu theo phng php PTHH c tham s khong nh sau:
]{} + [ ]{} + [
]{} = {0 }
[
(1)
Trong :
], [
] ln lt l ma trn cng, ma trn khi lng tng th ca h kt cu, c dng
- [
ma trn vung kch thc (nn) ty thuc vo s bc t do ca tt c cc nt. i vi kt
cu khung phng, ma trn cng v ma trn khi lng ca phn t thanh c lin kt
cng hai u trong h ta a phng cha tham s khong nh sau [2]:
/
0
0
/
0
0
3
2
3
0
12 / 6 /
0
12 / 6 /2
0
6 /2
4 /
0
6 /2
2 /
[ ] =
(2)
/
0
0
/
0
0
0
12 /3 6 /2
0
12 /3 6 /2
[ 0
6 /2
2 /
0
6 /2
4 / ]
2
0
0
0 156 22

2
[
] = 0 22 4

0
0

0
54
13
[ 0 13 32
Vi k hiu:

0
0
0 54 13
0 13 32
2
0
0

0
156 22
0 22 42 ]

; =

(3)

6
420

- , , , , ln lt l cc i lng Modun n hi, tit din ngang, momen qun tnh ca

tit din, chiu di phn t v khi lng phn b theo chiu di di dng s khong.
] v [
] trong h ta tng th ca kt cu c ghp ni t cc ma
Cc ma trn [
trn ca cc phn t thng qua ta ca cc nt. Mun vy phi quy i cc ma trn
khi lng phn t [
], ma trn cng phn t [ ] trong h ta a phng v h
ta tng th tng ng l [
] v [ ] theo cng thc:
[
] = [] . [
]. [] ; [ ] = [] . [ ]. []
Trong : [] l ma trn chuyn i ta ca tng phn t, v c cu trc nh sau:

 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
[] = 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
[0
0
0
0
0
1]
Vi l gc lng gic ca phn t thanh th e so vi phng nm ngang.
- [ ]l ma trn cn tng th ca h kt cu c tnh bng cch t hp tuyn tnh ca ma
] v ma trn cng tng th [
] theo ngh ca Rayleigh:
trn khi lng tng th [
] + [
]
[ ] = [
(4)
Vi cc h s v c xc nh thng qua 2 tn s dao ng ring t do 1 ,2 v t
s cn kt cu 1 , 2 tng ng :
2 .

= 2 122 (2 . 1 1 . 2 )
2

= 2 2 (2 . 2 1 . 1 )
2

(5)

- Vc t lc kch thch tng th ca h s c dng {01 ; 02 ; 0 } .

3. Mt cch gii phng trnh dao ng bng phng php PTHH khong
C nhiu phng php gii phng trnh vi phn (1) tm nghim l chuyn v ti cc nt,
trong bi bo ny tc gi s dng phng php Newmark (Newmark method) kt hp vi
php ton ti u khong [2] a ra cch gii phng trnh vi phn dao ng theo phng
php PTHH khong vi trnh t cc bc sau:
].
- Xc nh ma trn cng tng th [
].
- Xc nh ma trn khi lng tng th [
-

] 2 . [
]| = 0
Gii phng trnh tn s: |[
Xc nh cc h s , theo (5).
Xc nh ma trn cn tng th [ ] theo (4).

], [
], [ ] bng cch b i cc hng v ct c thnh phn
Kh suy bin ma trn [
chuyn v bng 0.
- S dng phng php Newmark a h phng trnh (1) v dng cc phng
trnh i s.
- Ti u chuyn v u ra ti cc nt trong tng thi im , s dng kt qu lm
u vo cho bc thi gian tip theo.
Do thng s u vo cha cc i lng khng chc chn di dng s khong nn kt qu
u ra phi di dng s khong [a,b]. gii quyt vn ny, tc xem chuyn v u ra
nh mt hm theo cc thng s u vo, + = ( ; ; ). Ti u hm s f (min,
max)[2], lc chuyn v u ra s di dng s khong min + max.Cc bc tnh
ton ti u v tnh lp tm chuyn v trong tng khong chia c tc gi lp trnh v
thc hin trn phn mm Maple.
-

S thut ton:
- Chn bc thi gian .
- Chn (0); (0)
- Tnh :

Input
Kch thc, tit din,
tnh cht vt liu

]1 . [(0) [ ]. (0) [
](0)]
(0) = [
4
2
] = [
] +
] + [ ]
[
[
2

4
] + 2[ ]) . + 2[
].
[

1
] .
= [
2
= 2

4
4
= 2 2

Xc nh ma trn [
], [ ]

], [
]
Xc nh ma trn [
tng th

Kt qu ti thi im (t+t):

Gii phng trnh tn s:

] 2 [
]| = 0
|[

n nghim
1 , 2 > 0

= + (

+ = +
+ = +
+ = +

Ti u

Gn t = (t+t)

Chuyn v, vn tc chuyn v & gia tc

chuyn v ti thi im t di dng s
khong.

Hnh 1.S thut ton phn tch dao ng theo phng php PTHH khong.
4. V d minh ha
4.1. S liu u vo
Cho h kt cu l khung ngang 1 tng 1 nhp nh hnh 2, chu ti trng ng dng iu ha
Posin(rt), thng s u vo di dng s khong nh sau:
= [26,46 ; 27,46]106 (kN/m2),
Po.sin(rt)
E, A2, l2
2
2
A1= 2020 (cm ),A2= 2540 (cm ),
l1= 3,6 (m), l2= 5 (m),
=[20;30] (kN).
E, A1, l1
E, A1, l1
r = 18 (s-1),
= [1; 10]%,
1 = 1 (kN/m), 2 = 2,5 (kN/m).
Hnh 2. M hnh khung ngang 1 tng 1 nhp
4.2 Trnh t tnh ton

Chia h kt cu thnh 3 phn t v nh s th t cc nt nh hnh 3:

2
3
2
1

Hnh 3.S phn t kt cu

a. Bng ghi s phn t v s nt ca h
Bng 1. S phn t v s nt
Phn t
S chuyn v nt
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
b. Lp ma trn cng, ma trn khi lng phn t: S dng cng thc (2),(3) cho phn
t thanh lin kt hai u ngm xc nh ma trn cng v ma trn khi lng
phn t trong h ta a phng. Sau chuyn v ma trn tng th ca tng phn
t theo quan h :
[
] = [] . [
]. [] ; [ ] = [] . [ ]. []
c. Lp ma trn cng, ma trn khi lng tng th cho h: Theo phng php cng
cng trc tip, ma trn cng v ma trn khi lng tng th l ma trn vung, xc
nh dng v c kch thc l 1212.
d. Kh suy bin ma trn cng v ma trn khi lng tng th: Ti nt s 1 v s 4 l
lien kt ngm nn cc thnh phn chuyn v bng 0. Ma trn cng v ma trn khi
lng tng th sau khi kh suy bin nh sau:
12 1 2
+
2
13
0

] =
[

6 1
12
2

2
0
0

[
1561 + 22
0
22
1 1
] =
[
2
0
0
[

0
1 12 2
+ 3
1
2

6 2
22
0

6 1
12
6 2
22
4 1 4 2
+
1
2
0

12 2
6 2
2
3
2
2

6 2
2 2
2
2
2
0
221 1
21 + 1562
222 2
222 2
412 1 + 422 2
0
0
542
132 2
132 2
322 2

2
2
0
0

12 1 2
+
2
13
0
6 1
12
2
0
0
1561 + 22
0
221 1

0
12 2
23
6 2
2
2

0
1 12 2
+ 3
1
2

2
0
542
132 2
0
21 + 1562
222 2

0
6 2
22
2 2
2
6 1
12
2

4 1 4 2
+
1
2 ]
0
132 2
322 2
221 1
222 2
412 1 + 422 2 ]

Vi :
0.2 0.23
1
0.25 0.43
1
(4 ); 2 =
( 4 );
=
=
12
7500
12
750
1 . 1 . 1
2 . 2 . 2
5
(. 2 );
1 =
= 0.024(. 2 ); 2 =
=
6
6
24
1 . 1 . 1
3
. .
1
(. 2 ); 2 = 2 2 2 =
(. 2 );
1 =
=
420
8750
420
336
] 2 . [
]| = 0 : Xc nh c 6 tn s dao ng
e. Gii phng trnh tn s |[
ring theo th t tng dn nh sau:
1 =

1 0,00688423 ( 1 ); 2 0,0345745 ( 1 ); 3 0,124117 ( 1 );

4 0.261923 ( 1 ); 5 0.299047 ( 1 ); 6 0.3975464 ( 1 );
f. Xc nh cc h ,vi gi thit 1 = 2 = = [1;10]%

g. Xc nh vec t ti trng ( kh suy bin): {} = { . sin() , 0 ,0 ,0 ,0 ,0 }

h. Lp Newmark gii h phng trnh (1):
- Chn bc thi gian = 0,015().
- Gi thit ti thi im t = 0 chuyn v v vn tc ca h bng 0.

t
(s)
uma
x

umi
n

Kt qu chuyn v ti cc thi im theo phng php PTHH khong c th hin

bng 2 v 3.
Bng 2.Chuyn v ngang ti nt s 2 (/v mm)
0 1t
2t
3t
4t
5t
6t
7t
8t
9t
10t
0 0,312
9
0 0.198
9

1,755
9
1,100
7

5,065
7
3,119
8

10,313 16,821 23,298 28,150 29,896 27,571 21,031

6
6
6
2
4
1
6,2341 9,9859 13,611 16,247 17,165 15,940 12,587
6
9
2
5
8
Bng 3.Chuyn v ngang ti nt s 3 (/v mm)
4t
5t
6t
7t
8t
9t

t
0 1t
2t
3t
10t
(s)
uma 0 0,305 1,741 5,045 10,288 16,794 23,270 28,123 29,872 27,552 21,000
5
3
3
5
3
1
5
6
9
6
x
umi 0 0,194 1,091 3,106 6,2180 9,9683 13,593 16,230 17,147 15,928 12,579
6
4
9
3
6
2
5
7
n

Hnh 4. th chuyn v ngang ti nt 2 theo thi gian.

Hnh 5. th chuyn v ngang ti nt 3 theo thi gian.

Nhn xt: T kt qu tnh ton trong bng 2 v b ng 3 cho thy gi tr chuyn v ngang ti
nt 3 lun b hn ti nt 2 vi mc sai lch ti a khng qu 2,0%. Do , thc t khi tnh
ton thit k cng trnh gi thit b qua nh hng ca bin dng dc trc n gin trong
tnh ton l chp nhn c.
5. Kt lun
Bi bo trnh by kh chi tit mt thut ton gii bi ton dao ng cho kt cu bng
phng php phn t hu hn trong trng hp c tham s u vo khng chc chn dng
s khong. Tc gi s dng php tnh ti u hm s khong lng ghp vo phng php
gii lp Newmark a ra thut gii phng trnh vi phn dao ng ca kt cu c tham s
khong. Thut gii c lp trnh tnh ton trn phn mm Maple kh cng phu theo tng
bc thi gian trong min kho st dao ng ca kt cu. Tuy nhin, v d tnh ton ch mang

tnh minh ha cho thut gii v c s bc t do ca kt cu cha ln, hng nghin cu tip
theo nhm tc gi s xy dng thut ton phn tch dao ng cho kt cu khung phng v
khung khng gian nhiu tng nhiu nhp xc nh phn ng u ra ca kt cu lm c s
tnh ton nh gi tin cy cho kt cu.
Ti liu tham kho
[1].
L Xun Hunh, L Cng Duy, Dao ng ca kt cu khung trong trng hp c tham
s khng chc chn,Tp ch Kt Cu Xy dng H Ni N0.8. 2012.
[2]
L Cng Duy, ng Hng Long, Mt cch gii h phng trnh c bn ca phng
php PTHH khi c tham s u vo dng khong, Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh xy
dng, s 03/2014.
[3].
Nguyn L Ninh, ng t V Thit K Cng Trnh Chu ng t. Nh Xut Bn Xy
Dng, H Ni - 2007.
[4].
Nguyn Vn Phng,ng Lc Hc Cng Trnh .Nh Xut Bn Khoa hc & K thut,
H Ni - 2005.
[5].

[6].

[7].

[8].

[9].

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Dynamics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Division PMA, K.U.Leuven, Belgium,
2004.
Petr Stemberk, Jaroslav Kruis, Dynamic structural analysis of 2D wit Fuzzy coefficients,
Department of Structural Mechanics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical
University, 2004.
Mehdi Modarres ZaDeh, Dynamic Analysis of Structures With Interval
Uncertainty,Department of Civil Engineering, CaseWestern Reserve University, August2005.
Bend Moller, Woifgang Graf, Michael Beer, Safety Assessment of Structure in View of
Fuzzy Randomness. Institute of Structural Analsis, Dresden University of Technology,
Dresden Germany, 2003.
Anil K.Chopra, Dynamics Of Structures: Theory and Applications to Earthquake
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