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Environment & Sustainable Development Between

Market Globalization & State Intervention

Dr. Abdullah Fadhil Al-Hayali

Lecturer / Head of Economic & Social Studies Dept./ Regional
Studies Centre / University of Mosul
Abstract
Taking care with environment issues & their connection with
sustainable development has come to add a new impulsion to the

]311[

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controversy regarding state intervention in the shadow of

globalization specially after market globalization had faced some of
the failure which is represented by the increase of social costs, nonability of competition to achieve economic efficiency & exhaustion
of economic contents for the environment, spread of pollution &
environmental dissolution in developing economies which suffer
from weakness in its environmental defenses. This has led to the
emphasis of importance of state intervention to protect environment
& to ensure the right of the current generation & the rights of the
coming generations of the newly & non-newly resources as well as
adapting an effective environmental policy to achieve sustainable
development, asking the United Nations to present criteria to
protect the environment & obliging all states to apply this policy as
well as punishment should be taken against those who do not
follow throughout a judicial court specialized for environment.

. . . .) 1(
. ) ."37 ."52 . . )"
.73 .5007 . .
. ... . .) 5(
.33 .5006 .) . ."167 ."14 .
(3)Alan Griffiths and Stuart Wall, Applied Economics, 7th ed., Longman,
Inc, U.S.A., NewYork, 1998, p. 220.

. . ) . .) 4(
.51 .1837 . . )

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( )2 . .
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. . . . .0222 . .43
(7) Agenda (21), UN conference on Environment and Development, Rio de
Janeiro, 1992.

:
. . . .
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..33
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. ) : .
. " . . . .
. .5004 .110-108
(14) Stephen C.R. Munday, Current Developments Economics, Macmillan
Press, U.S.A., New York, 1996, pp. 79-93.
(15) Theodore Ponayotou, Instruments of Change Earth, Scan Publications
Ltd., U.K., 1998, p. 17.

( )16 . . . .
. .115-111
( )13

. .111

(18) Todd Sandler, Global Challenges, Cambridge University Press, U.S.A.,

New York, 1998, p. 99.

 .....

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. .117-115
( )18 . . . .
( )50 . . : .
. 5005 . .38-33
(21) George Soros, The Crisis of Global Capitalism, Little Brown and
Company, London, 1999, p. XXII.
(22) Michael Schossudouvsky, The Globalization of Poverty, Impact of IMF
and World Bank Reform, Penang, Malaysia, The Third World, U.S.A.,
New York, 1999, p. 291.

( )57 . . . .
. .1887 . .144
(24) Stephen C.R. Munday, op. cit., p. 61.
(25) Barry C. Field, Environmental Economics: An Introduction, 2nd ed.,
McGraw-Hill, Printed in Singapore, 1997, p. 22.

( )56 . . . ) .
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(33) www.klimatechatlas.de .

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(35) www.klimatechatlas.de .

( )76 . .
. .53
( )73

. .56

(38) United Nations. World Commission on Environment and Development,

Our Common Future, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1987.
(39) K. Boulding, "The Economics of the Coming Spaceship Earth", in
Environmental quality in a Growing Economy, H. Jarret, Ed., Johns
Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1966.
. .70
: . .

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( )40 . . . .
. .54
. .

. .88

(41) Alan Griffiths and Stuart Wall, op. cit., p. 220.

( )45 . . . .

. .27