In 1920, the women's rights movement won passage of a constitutional

amendment granting women's suffrage.[116] The 1920s and 1930s saw the
rise of radio for mass communication and the invention of early television.
[117] The prosperity of the Roaring Twenties ended with the Wall Street Crash
of 1929 and the onset of the Great Depression. After his election as president
in 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt responded with the New Deal, which included
the establishment of the Social Security system.[118] The Great Migration of
millions of African Americans out of the American South began before World
War I and extended through the 1960s;[119] whereas the Dust Bowl of the
mid-1930s impoverished many farming communities and spurred a new wave
of western migration.[120]