Chapter-6 PRONOUNS PRONOUNS : A word which is used instead of a noun or noun equivalent Classification : (1) PERSONAL PRONOUNS : I, you, he, me, them safe ‘Order : 231 [Second Person, Third Person, First Person) $8—You, he and I are going, fog, Firat ay, Se, yet wate fer are at Order | (J, you and he have committed a sin ‘Uses of OBJECTIVE CASE PRONOUNS: (A) Lev We: FB (i) Let you and me go. {7 P5 you and I] (B) Preposition are; $8— (i) He depends on me [7 f*% on I] (ii) There is a conflict between you and. me, [1 f% you and 7 ‘FAeC Sra Problems AER Pet wae &; SB (i) Beguggn you and I he probably / won't come at all / @ e © © No Ener. © (L.D.S.B. 1990) (ee area & Pan (A) FT AH me! ar weer eT, FATE “between” GH Preposition & PIF we Objective Case ‘ Pronoun & ate Sra #1] THAN & THE CASE (A) than 8 = Nominative Case Pronoun rset at & “xf comparison 21 Nominatives® ta Bs 3B— 2k (You are beter than Z fg than 3 TE Objective Case Pronoun 3 art Bar & ‘aft comparision & Objects #4 8; 38— (i) He respects you more than me. (2) DISTRIBUTIVE PRONOUNS : each, ether, neither. (A) Bach a Sr t-te 3 fer FB (i) Each of the two boys a (a) Fach of the three boys. (B) Either, Neither & Fr & % ferg, $3 — (i) Either ofthese two boys (iy Nelther of these two girl. (3) RECIPROCAL PRONOUNS : each other, one another. (A) Bach other hr fers 2 fare; AB @ The bwo brothers hate eack other. (B) One another ar seta & otf fore: FB @) The five brothers love one another. we NOTE : srgtvs wit7 # each other Te one another % Sinn Hg Gre Sea a AT Te fg A fe ret Nesield Fram sgey , ate what & ew S ome Se wea TT (4) DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS : this, that, these, those, such, somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, someone, no one, anyone, everyone, something, nothing, anything, ‘everything, some, all, many, few, none, one 31 (5) REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS : First Person att Second Person % Possessive #4 Third Person % Objective Case Pronouns 3 TE self 7 selves Sg Reflexive 7 Emphatic Pronouns arg i t; $8— myself/ yourself / himself themselves. 8) He hurt himself, Goat ae ah tz aT) kK NOTE ; Fath ay ory you, your, yourselves 3! Antecedents (& Noun Noun equivalent re 3. (D) your ae yours Hou Ps your FH yours St fra Relative Pronoun #7 wT Bet ® ‘ond’ & FE Possessive Pronouns # fq your wy warn fark Gate ae em oa & fee oor GET aH fore ee Possessive Adjective te wy # tar & otk xo me “arts Fare Relatve Pronoun that a srr Bet Bi Gar de Noun dat $1 fey yours a7 wan fark 7. (A) None & weet Neilher 5 AMT Hr AT Nove Possessive Pronoun * = A iar & she wets we sate &} & site safaoet a welt & fore ar & RE Noun 8 Ber 8, FB fy Neither 2 ferg; $3 — (@ Thisis your book. (i) None of the three flowers is red 4 + (ji) Neither of the two teachers is competent. Possessive Noun 8. (E) wee ge Sr Each a write St ar St firs foe (Adjective) bat () Each of the two mirrors is broken. his book is _yours. (ii) Each of the three mirrors is broken, . 9. (A) prostrated % 3 Reflexive Pronoun ‘himself’ = arr Gt seg Te we Possesive Prosoun ‘absent, present, enjoy, introduce, confine, devote, Oe eee eee Ath ine on sacrifice 3mfe Transitive Verbs 81 TPs ae = at AE v e Ad} mn Object a1at 1 WIE Reflexive Pronoun $8— (Gt Poseessive Pronoun ) & replace we fea 7 fi : (37 Personal Possessive Pronouns @ Heenjoyed he rt A B Object my mine Gi) Heenjoyed himself in the pany. T our ours Reflexive his his Pronoun ber hers 10. (D) than % @7& the one ®t watt a Fats Comparison their theirs ete Bi dogs % -a tt svefe, Comparison ‘the dog I Column A % TE Possessive Adjectives % ‘ar The dog you have" # wher t sia: GR the dog er 8 ard wi € fey Column B® Pronouns WF the one & replace feat arat 8: B— TE BHF Posessive Pronouns & wy Hwee These new books are better than those ofd ones. wat xtt ones = books).A Mirror of Common Errors UL. (B) me % axe 1a wer SM Standard English ¥ than % are Nominative Case (af SCH) A Pronoun saat ta @, ai gear dt sai & te SSB 0 ye wetecar an 1 em af a (FF You are bewer than me, weifie ga aaa 3 ‘you' raf stk me’ afi ore: anf athe af gent, Sore a1) eR area ¥ You tar Ter @ Nominative Case # # 3 et & Fray GR TTB “You Nominative Case & aft ‘me’ Objective Case #, area #1 F, oR B ef at eon FF than Me Objective Case 35 vt itn Ber 1 She loves you more than me. = She loves you ‘more than (she loves) me. €87 Nominatve fae ‘She' & sf Objective ‘you" and ‘me" rt & 8 Gi) Ft, She loves you more than Tot ge are #1 SFT Subject (Nominative Case) She war Tatit # % ‘ht Object FOE you tl eer are aT anf # She loves you more than I (ove you), cach other % #28 one another FHT Bem) AT Modern Grammarians (&8—Thomson and Martinet) each other 3 watt Sar at B aries fee aa HEE &, fy Nesfield > cach other a WaT Fare 2 tert ar See & faq ate one another w io & m2 & cites overt or egal & faq act ‘sian amar th firmer ay Nesfeld @ APT wt a we 13. @) fis SS one's w FT Sr safe wt Subject wy Hoa one a Noha Bee UR Anybody = People in general #1 Ww @ a one 3 Possessive one’s er Reflexive oneself fer &; $3— (@) One should respect one’s seniors “1, (i) One should keep one’s promises Pe (@ Everybody should respect his seniors, (i) Everybody should keep his promises Wp we at 15, (B) which 3 who wT aM ar that a IT Set Seg as criminal ew ger & ote Ayer fey Relative Pronoun ‘who" reer dar, BC which Br xerr eget & feeq ot lower aninials & fore frat sim th Peg, ‘that or wit 2h Be fee fora ST aea t NOTE : feeqe arom % Ferg Pronouns # atria fe TT who/which/that war ay Bee, $e (@ The mam who / that is here is my brother. (i) The dog which / that is heve is mine, 12, (D) 16.(© their x8 his WoT Eo we ae Subject Everybody % ferats fore Possessive his 7 Reflexive himoelt = 52a Gr #1 NB. we ome ce Pe aR aE a Subjec Everyone, Someone, No one, Nobody, Somebed Anyone, Anybody aa ar g fere Possessive his Tar Reflexive himself #1 wr rm 17. © themselves % 228 himself ar et Sem we wee 3 YOT Subject “The officer’ ¥ a Third Person Singular Number % @, 1 8 assistants Third Person, Plural Number #1 NB. fern arrerth & fre Subject-Verb Agreement otis wer dom 3 a oer Ba 18. (D) him % we he a iy Sm sre wee ater 11 2a 19, (A) introduced % TE Reflexive ‘himself et wer He caren % fey sree 9 RH 20.6) ae yx th 2) whom % wee who a wrt SM Relative Pronoua ‘who! wf wer Ht, are: ae Be UH Verb Sar fer who st wa ere whom Bet t fre ze aT RE Verb at ar 1 who Possessive Case ‘whose’ dat 1 IER who A whom Bway we MT Te Sy FEL fore one ares H Verb wt ier Subject Bt steer a Pr a Fa FHT AA Verbs # (and 3 |B Verbs us & Fe fore #3 $3 He came and talked to me) 377 Subjects of BF safe $A wey-zteM 20 ¥ The players 4eet Subject ® rea Verb t are, We GET Subject & fica Verb & have selected t:, B Subjects oft Zt Verbs ft ova, ares ge farg 12AtET 21 H The guests TET Subject # atx X88T Verb # are; GET Subjects we & ewe. Verb & were talking, FY cra Verb thave come’ & RTE fee Subject WRF aT TA #1 FAST Subject who 7, 3 7 whom wife whom Objective Case # & atte ret er arr sat ToT BI wo eS Hee aed a ea ver 2s ® Theplayers whom we have selected ae vO vr t st soy vi ‘young and ambitious. (i) The guests whom we were talking about apes TT st sv have.come ate my brothersin-law. ES voy! ‘Wet (S1 = ERT Subject) wt CV) = TET Verb) 2 = GAT Subject) Gt (V2 = EBT Verd)48 A Mirror of Common Errors RT (ii) 9 V3 8 Geer S37 Bt att: whom F Fee who att Or St Sy are FT 22, (B) who % 35 tha @ Samy Erm SS TAT fete who 3 which 3 32% that 1 eT gor 8 Aker ae ca i Al / None / Nothing / only / Superlative degree Adjective T we Se Verb Hr WaT aie AE Relative Pronoun ® #5 # Arf that’ =r so dar #1 3, (@ AM that glitters is not gold, (ii) He is the best man that I have ever met. (iii) This is the same man that helped me. Bf The sane % A Relative Pronoun 58 4 As ar xdtr ar 8 ae ge we Verb Be we ear aT a G) This is the same dog as mine. {mine ® 1@ Verb ae) 23. (B) which % 42a that @t Wit tem sen sac 22% mgt) 24, (4) Whomever ag& Whoever a_i om Whomever Objective Case # @ faw% fare Verb comes 1 Fa0T AE BM Verb ST FHT Nominative Case & fxg Sr 3k Whomever #1 Nominative Case Whoever #1 $1 25.(B) which 328 that a way om sre fey saeter 22281 (BO wa ee as ot wo HM ch ve SS Pronoun = == af ul Fihaaa tal RASS eae ant ST er. Sar SIH such ae thar sr St wart She fewer oef dar 2 er fe (i) His behaviour was such that everybody disliked him, . 1, (i) Such was his behaviour that everybody disliked him. fer ae tome TH fH such as to BT At vine fiver swat 8 3 (i) His aliments not such as to cause us anxiety. 27. (E) ART YE BH such HE Relative Pronoun ‘as’ smn #8, 7 PF who / which @ that = 24, (A) Any 3 3G Either 1 WT Be Any OL AT savers = sitar & fem tt ‘fey Eit se (3) Any of these three girls can do it. (i) Any one of these three girls can do it. i) Bither of thes two roads leads to the station. 29, (A) Boery BF BEE Every one LAA He HAR Every GE ETH Adjective 8, 7 FF Pronouni ses, Every Fone eho Ue Noun ar mde Bar, $B—Every boy, Every book Siti att: Every of a aT 7 Barf, Fe Every one aa TA RU Sat H of Sues Go at: Every one of Gz WA SM Re Every % 4e@ Bach # 8a a 2 vi asa Ge S ‘arate Ench a ster St a ot athe & fre ee oT of & Tet Erm t; Fa— @ There are two students here, and each is intelligent (ii) Bach of these three boys is laborious. 30, (D) give % eit I FATT SAT give WH Transitive Verb 3 sah AE GS Object Gar wee aT at S SIFEN permission % FEN give & wre it a Marr om 31. (A) myself wee at wate em we Ta Pe aah ‘WE Reflexive Pronoun 47% # Subject 7 & Fat &; $8 —Yourself will do it Yourself ® ee You rin er NB, : aerate at afta city Myself/Yourself sre Subject we Ht way tare # Sf ae Ter Bl om, (i) Myself is Ramesh ® 4a 1am Ramesh. (ii) Yourself is Soma ® 22% You are Sona = 7 a aiez 32, (A) They ® 3@@ Those 1 wert Gar wifey Fh ‘aT: They 8 Them St Relative Pronoun #7 Antecedent 7 TT Sra fi FH At Those watt frat sar @; t3— () Those who sing well will be awarded, (7 F& they who] (i) Like those who behave politely. 1 Fe them who} ‘fy, It + be + they 3 aaa F suse ® Ft They Relative Pronoun 7 Antecedent rm; 38— ( Itis they who have come late fax, They Prefers WER % alr H Relative Pronoun ® Antecedent & Sat $1 (i) “They also serve who only stand and wait." ~Milton Gi) They are also secured who have tickets. 3.0 wget 34, (B) FE Antecedent wir Tera &1 af srECT SIFAR Antecedent Relative Pronoun ¥ VIER Sees eer Tey ee Fa ATT TW) gaa ATS Antecedent ‘forniture’ 1 av, ae a ‘ware EH arfee—He sent to Patna all the furniture that he had bought in Chennai. wer i aes Rare @ sad ae aed freee F fa so Tem wi aE whe, GT ores 38. (D) my % WEE mine de foe are ST (my problem). fae arrag & fey weeaion 3 ot sareT Sar 36. (D) Muzaffarpur ® ee those of Fit wet se, ‘wif: Jer the hotels of Pama wa the hotels of Muzaffarpur =a &1 37. (D) that magazine % 88 those published in that magazine * irr Sar ee, A ET ge Ei 3 safer articles 8 Se Serer A sare articles @A Mirror of Common Errors 49 38. (C) 39. (D) 40. (By ALO RO) Se Ba tee (The articles published in this magazine are better than those published in that magazine. [ee rae ¥ those = te articles} his ea their #1 wary Gar ifs Relative Pronoun ‘who’ #® Antecedent ‘those’ # St Third ‘Person @1 Plural Number &1 1% 7e& me wr wT BAM Let % ate Pronouns GUT Objective Caso # zee Hi ah ae Fiat Preposition (42—between, except anf %) =m Pronouns 8% Objective case # et xet 1 Sa— {i) Let you and me. (i) Let you and him. (i) Between-you and me. (iv) Between him and me. (\) Except Ram and me. (vi) Except her and me. all great tragedies of Shakespeare TT GT TEE ‘ms Antecedent (Shakespeare) Tt Relative Pronoun (who) #1 We wise watis ow aT H fore sweden 342d either FEW any F TAT ST ale FHF either ae va fab & & feng fry any A any one a 3a ee & & aiftrs & faq eet 8 xa fee arant & fore wry te 23 Ht rer 1 he #1 sim superfluous @TEEwe) 81 aTET aT Subject “The candidate’ $1 a7v:, FF part ¥ he & writ at ag shfars 32 31 38 ag ot cat we fe feet Antecedent # ae Ht Relative Pronoun Sn % 38 Relative Pronoun % a= Antecedent % fe BE Noun / Pronoun Subject 3 Object * ea % at ert; tS (i) This is the book which I lost it yesterday. TH WTF the book, TH Antecedent #, % faz Pronoun ‘ier wate faran ray @ St were Bl eT aT ye eye (i) This is the book which I lost yesterday. orm one wer H fee ees at (i) The candidate, being a graduate, he is cligible. [ee ares & being a graduate = who is a graduate ara: fey aes a aed 2 ‘The candidate, who is a graduate, he is eligible. fee ga area Kt wt at amt eh fe The candidate’ Relative Pronoun ‘who’ #1 Antecedent @1 Smt: FR Antecedent % fee ‘who! % AE Pronoun ‘he’ a var aM OM gs TEN wa aT YS wT ee The candidate, who is # graduate, is eligible, tok rt cor 47. D) knows % ary ic er gat Eom at ie oS fee “fF [who is = being] am: ‘Thi candidate, being a graduate, js eligible. 33. (A) Your & aa Yours et wirt Gar fa, farsa ort (Your problems) Su) freqT ER fre sacahear 399 eave a 44, (D) that 3 eB which a va Hom Fa thar aT wat who % which 3 fere ter @, Ser fet Clause # refer #3 #1 HA Relative Pronoun we H fk cwhich’ 4% Hat $1 who, that amie feet Clause 3 refer Tat 3 Bat #; $3 (@ He has paid his debts, which is a clear proof of his honesty. 1H area which 1 ATT debs ¥ fore 3ét Gen after ft Clause % fare yet) ami. ger ater at aed nae? sre af ster a fear 8, oh SA, pod ag tl (C) the same Bea iva Wit BT The same wr wT BreT Adjective & 4 3 that she wwe we ee ‘Ue Noun a wart tr 3; Sa — @ Thesame book Gi) The same cost ete, Noun = Pronoun % & * the same sr wat we TERT 4 a ‘Same or the same, in the sense the aforesaid thing(s) fo person(s), as a substitute for a pronoun (it, him, her, them, they) is one of the usages whose effect is discussed in ILLITERACIES. —H, W, Fowler : A DICTIONARY OF MODERN ENGLISH USAGE (P. 511) 46. (C) one % FEF ones wien Son eee one FT FATT Singular Noun 4% Hat * FRY ones FH Plural Noun % zit Mi area at az & eight industrious workers and five lazy workers. ‘Sfea, Sf Noun % repetition F aw FH fae Pronoun a7 ir feat aa 8, ara: Five lazy workers % 328 EY Five lazy ones 3 34K vafeT) ara SF Ta Clause (Under no circumstances ha Charmed him) #% refor #2 & ferg sierra 8) 48. (E) ater IE th 9. © aa get 50. (E) wa YE t