BI 1: SN XUT KEM DNG DA V SA RA MT

A. KT QU
1. Hy nh gi cht lng sn phm sa ra mt?
- Cm quan: Sn phm mn, st c mu vng ca ngh, c mi ca hoa hng.
Ch : mu vng ca tinh du ngh cho vo sn phm th chit ch ly phn nc.
- pH: 5
- chiu cao ct bt: 5 cm
2. Hy nh gi cht lng sn phm
- Cm quan: snh mn mn, mu trng, mi hoa hng.
- pH: 6
- ln kim: M = 0.08g
L = 1,4 cm
L0 = L/M = 1.4/ 0.08 = 17,5 (mm/g)
1. Tr li cu hi by s khi quy trnh sn xut sa tm v kem dng da?
a. Quy trnh sn xut sa ra mt.

Khuy 40p, cho TEA vo trung ha

acid stearic, cetyl alcol gia nhit 800C

A: Cacbomer 940 + H2O gia nhitB:800C

C: Glycerin, cht bo qun, 700C-800C

S. PHM

b. Quy trnh sn xut kem dng da

D: SLES, CAPB, CDE

Cacbomer
H2On
800C
ng + paraffin+ acid stearic + cht bo
qun gia +
nhit
700C+TEA + poly sorbet 80 + glyx

Khuy trn u tng h

hp

y trn u 2 hn hp nhit 700C 800C, sau h nhit xung 450C v cho tinh du

S phm

2. Hy trnh by phng php o chiu cao ct bt? nhng sn phm no sau y ( sa tm, du gi,
sa ra mt, lotion v kem dng da) nn cn o chiu cao ct bt?
Tl:
Phng php o chiu cao ct bt:
Ly sn phm va lm rap ha long vi nc theo t l phn trm thch hp vi th tch 500ml.
sau ta dng ng ong ng 4/5 th thch dung dch, 1/5 ng vo phu, t phu cao hn mt
ng ong khong 15cm cho dung dch va pha chy t t xung ng ong. Sau khi dung dch
chy ht ta xc nh chiu cao ct bt bng cch ly thc o bt.
Xc nh chiu cao ct bt ch p dng cho nhng sn phm c nht thp, v xt n kh nng
ty ra.
Vd: sa t, du gi, sa ra mt.
3. Trong sn xut ti sao phi kim tra nht ca sn phm sau cng?
nht trong m phm quyt nh n nht m c v pH ca sn phm phi m bo
nm trong gii hn an ton v tc dng tt nht cho da.

4. Trong sn xut sa ra mt, ta cho acid citric vo chnh pH trong khong bao nhiu l ph hp,
gii thch?
TL: Trong sn xut sa ra mt, ta cho acid citric vo chnh pH trong khong 5.5 l ph hp.
pH qu cao hay qu thp s nh hng n qu trnh ty ra vt bn, bo mn da.
5. Nu cng dng ca cc cht trong n cng ngh sn xut sa ra mt?
TL: SLES + CAPB + CDE : l cc cht hot ng b mt.
Cacbomer: cht lm c
Glyxegrin: Dung mi pha long, cht ht m
TED: cht nh ha( c tnh kim yu d tan trong nc, ra sch bng nc, nhm to nh tng
bn v cu trc mong mun.
Tinh du: gi m cho da, chng lo ha.
Metyl parapen + propyl parapenn: cht bo qun
Acid stearic: cht tr nh ha
Cetyl alcohol: cht tr nh ha.
6. Trnh by cng dng ca cc cht trong n ngh sn xut kem dng da?
TL: poly sorbat 80: cht n nh
Tinh du: cht gi m, chng lo ha
Cacbomer: cht lm c
Du khong+ du parafin: du nn lm m da ngn s bi tit ca da v to lp mng trn da.
7. Trong sn xut, ti sao phi kim sot t trng ca sn phm?
TL: Trong sn xut phi kim sot t trng ca sn phm m bo tnh cht ca sn phm n
nh, ng nht, m bo tnh nng ca tng ha cht khi tng hp vi nhau.
BI 2: TNG HP ETYL ACETATE (HNG TRI CY CHN)
A. Kt qu th nghim
Hy nh gi cht lng v tnh hiu xut ca sn phm?
- Cm quan
Sau khi tng hp Etyl acetate th sn phm thu c dung dch trong sut, c mi c trng.
Hiu xut:
Cho 34.09 g acid acetic vi d = 1.05 g/cm3
V= m/d= 34.09/ 1.05 = 32.5 (ml)
Cho 52.27 g etanol vi d = 0.79 g/m3
V = m/d = 52.27/0.79 = 66,2 (ml)
Hiu xut ca sn phm etyl acetate
H = 39/(32.5 + 66.2) * 100 = 39.51 %
B. Tr li cu hi
1. Trnh by cch tnh ton nguyn liu tng hp 50 gam etyl acetate bit t l mol gia ri v
acid acetic l 2:1, xc tc 3% H2SO4 trn ester?
TL: Cch tnh ton nguyn liu tng hp 50 gam etyl acetate bit t l mol gia ri v acid
acetic l 2:1, xc tc 3% H2SO4 trn ester:
Ta c png:
CH3COOH + C2H5OH
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
1 mol
2mol
1mol
60 (g)
2 x 46 (g)
88 (g)
Y (g)
X (g)
Khi lng acid acetic l:
Y = (60 + 50)/ 88 = 34.09 g
Khi lng etanol l:
X = (50 x 2 x 46)/ 88 = 52.27

phn ng ester ha gia acid v ri l phn ng thun nghch nn hiu xut tng thp,
nu ta sa dng lng va 2 cht phn ng ban u
tng hiu xut phn ng ta tng t l mol ca mt trong hai tc cht bng cch cho d ri.
2. Trnh by s khi quy trnh tng hp etyl acetate?

52.27 (g) etanol

34,09 (g) acid acetic

Thm 1,5 ml H2SO4, bt, T0, Tg: 60p

Dung dch A

Trung ha Na2SO3 10%

Chit tch ly ester

X l bng 50g CaCl2

Chit ester ln 2

Lm khan bng Na2SO4

Lc ester

Chng ct ln 2

sp

3. Ti sao dng H2SO4 lm vai tr ca cht xc tc? Ta c th dng ha cht

no khc thay th H2SO4?
TL: Dng H2SO4 lm cht xc tc v d t c hiu xut cao thu c
nhiu ester. Do phn ng ester l phn ng thun nghch v to ra cn bng
ng nn hiu xut kh thp nu nh khng loi b nc c to ra t phn
ng.
CH3CH2OH + CH3COOH
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
Qu trnh thy phn etyl axetat l qu trnh ngc li. Ta c th dng ha
cht CaCl2 khan, ZnCl2 khan thay th H2SO4.
4. Ti sao phi trung ha dung dch sau khi chng ct bng Na2CO3
Sauk hi chng ct thu c dung dch v phi trung ha dung dch bng
Na2SO4 v trong dung dch c ch H2SO4 y l xc tc chng khng thay
i trong sut qu trnh phn ng khi trung ha dung dch vi Na2CO3 10%
thu c mui Na2SO4 v c kh thot ra.
H2SO4 + Na2CO3
Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2
5. Ti sao sau khi ester ha sn phm phi x l v chng ct li?
Sau khi ester ha sn phm phi x l v chng ct li v sp c ch 1 it ri
d do lc u cho d ri nn phi x l v chng ct li nhit 760C
780C
Do nhit ny l nhit d bay hi ca etanol thu c ester tinh khit
nht.
6. Ti sao trong qu trnh tinh ch ngi ta dng dung dch CaCl2?
qu trnh tinh ch ngi ta dng dung dch CaCl2 v trong qu trnh x l
vi Na2CO3 10% thu c mui Na2SO4. Mui ny phn ng vi CaCl2
to kt ta trng.
Phn ng: Na2SO4 +CaCl2
NaCl + CaSO4
7. Trnh by c ch phn ng ester ha?
C ch ca phn ng ester ha, phn ng ester ha da trn phn ng th
CH3COOH + C2H5OH
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

BI 3: PHN LP V TCH CAROTEN T L CY BNG BNG

PHNG PHP SC K CT

1. Nhn xt v mu, hm lng (tng i) ca cc phn t lm c s cho

phn sc k ct tip theo.
BI 11: X L NC THI CHUYN NGNH HU C
A. Kt qu
1. Nhn xt sn phm:
Nc thi ban u ln nhiu tp cht c nhiu mu, sau x l nc thi tr
nn trong sut, mi c phn gim bt.
2. So snh mu nc thi trc v sau x l:
Mu nc thi trc x l: c mi kh chu, c ln tp cht, c ln mu.
Mu nc thi sau x l: nc thi trong, mu c loi b mu v x l
mi mt cch hiu qu.
B. TR LI CU HI
1. Thit lp s khi quy trnh tin hnh x l nc thi tin hnh?

Nc thi t phng chuyn ngnh hu c

X l PAC
Chnh pH bng Ca(OH)2
Lc ta bng
X l c hc
X l polymer

Lc lp si

Thi gian 45p

Hp ph than hot tnh

Sn phm

2. Tnh ton s liu v v th biu din s bin thin ca pH v dn in

theo th tch PAC 2% trong 1 lt nc thi, c nhn xt g v kt qu thu
c t qu trnh kho st?
TL:
Th tch PAC 2%
(ml)
PH
dn in

0
4.7
12.8

30
5.07
12.7

60
5.27
12.6

90
5.35
12.6

120
5.42
12.4

6
4

5
4

PH

dn in

2
1

1
0

0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

Sau khi qua qu trnh x l PAC 2% ta thy c PH tng lin tc, nhng dn
in gim dn.
3. Tnh ton s liu v v th biu din kh nng hp ph ca than hot tnh
trong 1 lt nc thi vi s liu ghi nhn c: PH, dn in. c nhn
xt g v kt qu thu c t qu trnh kho st?
TL:
Thi gian hp
ph (pht)
10
20
30
40
50
60
6.
PH
8 6.8
6.5
6.2 5.6
5
dn in
5 4.8
3.3
3.3 3.3
3
8

6
4

5
4

2
1

1
0

0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

PH
dn in

Khi hp ph than hot tnh, nc thi s c hp ph mi mu mt cch

ng k, nc thi sau cui s trong. PH v dn in gim u theo thi
gian.
4. PAC l g? Polymer s dng trong x l nc thi c c tnh v cng thc
ntn? Ti sao PAC c kh nng keo t m li s dng thm polrmer keo t?
c th thay th than hot tnh bng cc cht hp ph khc khng? Gii thch?
TL: poly-aluminum chloride" hay "PAC" l dng ch mt hp cht c nhm
cloride m c mt phn phn ng vi kim. iu ny gii thch cho vic khi ha
tan vo nc th Nhm sulfate c tnh acid cao hn PAC (ni cch khc l gim pH
t hn Nhm sunfate).
Ngoi ra, PAC cn c im khc bit na l n c cha oligomer nhm vi in
tch cao (nh hng mnh n in tch ca ht keo) ==> do n c hiu qu keo
t mnh hn hn cc mui nhm cng loi.
S lm cho pH khng b tt thp t ngt nn s d iu chnh pH hn trong x
l.
- So vi Nhm sulfate th PAC khng c sulfate do s gim lng SO4- a vo
trong nc thi (SO4- c tnh c i vi vi sinh).
Do n c hiu qu rt mnh liu lng thp nn vic cho qu lng PAC s
gy hin tng Ti n nh ca ht keo.
- Lng Cloride trong PAC s thc y qu trnh n mn, c bit l nhng ni
ng cn bn.
Poly Aluminum Cloride - P.A.C
Cng thc ha hc: Aln(OH)mCl3n-m
PAC ch keo t c nhng cht thi c tnh v c, v kh nng keo t cn hn ch
nn ta pai s dng thm polymer t hiu qu cao hn.