New

Inside Out
Upper intermediate
Companion
French 1st Edition

Sue Kay, Vaughan Jones & Jill Leatherbarrow

Welcome to the New Inside Out Upper intermediate Companion!

What information does the New Inside Out Companion give you?
a summary of key words and phrases from each unit of New Inside Out Upper intermediate
Students Book
pronunciation of the key words and phrases
translations of the key words and phrases
sample sentences showing the words and phrases in context
a summary of the Grammar Extra Reference from New Inside Out Upper intermediate Students Book

(art) article

(phr v) phrasal verb

(m) masculine

(v)

verb

(pron) pronoun

(pl n) plural noun

(v*)

irregular verb

(prep) preposition

(adv) adverb

(adj) adjective

(det) determiner

(conj) conjunction

(n)

(f) feminine

noun

VOWELS AND DIPHTHONGS

//
/i/
/U/
/u/
/e/
//
//
//
//
//

big fish
green beans
should look
blue moon
ten eggs
about mother
learn words
short talk
fat cat
must come

/b f/
/grin binz/
/d lk/
/blu mun/
/ten egz/
/bat m/
/ln wdz/
/t tk/
/ft kt/
/mst km/

CONSONANTS
//
//
//
/e/
//
//
//
/e/
/a/
/a/

calm start
hot spot
ear
face
pure
boy
nose
hair
eye
mouth

/km stt/
/ht spt/
//
/fes/
/pj/
/b/
/nz/
/he/
/a/
/ma/

/p/
/b/
/t/
/d/
/t/
/d/
/k/
/g/
/f/

/v/
//
//

pen
bad
tea
dog
church
jazz
cost
girl
far
voice
thin
then

/pen/
/bd/
/ti/
/dg/
/tt/
/dz/
/kst/
/gl/
/ fr/
/vos/
/n/
/ en/

/s/
/z/
//
//
/m/
/n/
//
/h/
/l/
/r/
/w/
/j/

snake
noise
shop
measure
make
nine
sing
house
leg
red
wet
yes

/snek/
/noz/
/p/
/mer/
/mek/
/nan/
/a/
/has/
/leg/
/red/
/wet/
/jes/

Unit 1 (p.4)
adopt a child
/dpt ald/

annoy (v)
/n/

ascent (n)
/sent/

attract criticism
/trkt krtsz()m/

bleach (v)
/bli/
as bright as a button
/z brat z bt()n/
buckle down (phr v)
/bk()l dan/
calm down (phr v)
/km dan/
career-wise (adj)
/krwaz/
celebrity (n)
/slebrti/
charity (n)
/rti/
chilly (adj)
/li/
collar (v)
/kl/

consolidator (n)
/knsldet/

controversy (n)
/kntrvsi; kntrvsi/

cowgirl (n)
/kagl/
criticism (n)
/krtsz()m/

to date
/t det/
death (n)
/de/
distinctive (adj)
/dstktv/

adopter un enfant
agacer, contrarier
ascension
attirer la critique
dcolorer
brillant comme un sou neuf
se coller au boulot
se calmer
ct carrire
clbrit
oeuvre de bienfaisance
frisquet
saisir (qn) au collet
prescripteur (de mode)
controverse
cowgirl
critique
jusqu maintenant
mort
distinctif

Madonna and her husband adopted a child from Malawi, called David
Banda.
It annoys Belinda that some people think the royal family had
something to do with Dianas death.
Someones ascent to stardom is the way in which they progress
towards or achieve fame.
The adoption attracted criticism from people who felt Madonna had
used her fame to fast-track it.
People who bleach their hair use a special product to make it blonde.
Someone who is as bright as a button is very intelligent.
When you buckle down, you start to work hard to achieve something.
Dont get so angry just calm down!
Career-wise, Madonna is as successful now as shes ever been.
Madonna is not just a celebrity shes a real pop icon.
Princess Diana raised a lot of money for charity.
Chilly is a word that means 'cold'.
If you collar someone, you find someone and force them to talk or
listen to you.
When we say that Madonna is a consolidator of trends, we mean she
makes them more popular and well known.
Madonna is no stranger to controversy and has shocked many people
over the years.
A cowgirl is a girl or woman whose job is to look after cows on a ranch.
Criticism is a comment or comments that you think something is
wrong or bad.
To date is an expression meaning 'until now'.
Belinda thinks that Dianas death was a tragic accident.
Something that is distinctive is easy to recognize because it is different
from other things.

dreadful (adj)
/dredf()l/
earth mother (n)
/ m/

ever-evolving (adj)
/evrvlv/

exceptionally (adv)
/ksep()nli/
an existing look
/n gzst lk/
explode (v)
/kspld/
be up to your eyes in sth
/bi p t jr az n

/sm/
fame (n)
/fem/

feature film (n)
/fi flm/
fit in (phr v)
/ft n/
geisha (n)
/ge/
genius (n)
/inis/
global (adj)
/glb()l/
gracefully (adv)
/gresf()li/

highlight (n)
/halat/
hitchhike (v)
/hhak/
hound (v)
/hand/
huge (adj)
/hju/

icon (n)
/akn/
iconic (adj)
/aknk/
the key to sth
/ ki t sm/
kid (n)
/kd/
leotard (n)
/litd/

lingering (adj)
/lgr/
look back (phr v)
/lk bk/
mainstream (adj)
/menstrim/

pouvantable
mre nature, mama colo
toujours voluant
exceptionnellement
un style existant
exploser
avoir du travail par-dessus
la tte
clbrit

long mtrage
saccorder (avec)
geisha
gnie
universel
avec grce
clou
faire du stop
poursuivre
norme
icne
dicne
la cl de qch
gosse
justaucorps
prolong
aller de mieux en mieux
de tendance gnrale

Im sorry were so late the traffic was dreadful.

An earth mother is someone who prefers natural methods of living
and likes to look after people.
Something that is ever-evolving changes all the time and stays
fashionable.
Madonna is an exceptionally talented singer.
Madonna picks up on an existing look and makes it her own.
At midnight, fireworks exploded across the sky it was spectacular.
If you are up to your eyes in work, you are extremely busy.
Some people felt Madonna had used her fame to fast-track the
adoption.
A feature film is a film that is made for the cinema.
Madonna was different and didnt fit in with the popular group.
A geisha is a Japanese woman, whose job is to entertain men.
A genius is someone who is extremely clever or talented.
Something that is global is well known all over the world.
If you do something gracefully, you do it in a quiet way without
drawing attention to yourself.
Seeing the Great Wall was the highlight of Danas trip to China.
Madonna hitchhiked to New York with $35 in her pocket.
If journalists hound a famous person, they do not leave them alone.
Watching the first man land on the Moon made a huge impression
on Alec.
Madonna is not just a celebrity shes a real pop icon.
How did Madonna achieve her iconic status?
She realised that marketing was the key to her success.
A kid is an informal word meaning a 'child'.
A leotard is a tight piece of clothing that people wear when they
dance or exercise.
A lingering kiss is one that lasts for quite a long time.
She had her first hit with Holiday in 1984 and has never looked back.
Something that is mainstream is used, liked, or accepted by most people.

make an impression on sb
/mek n mpre()n n/

/smbdi/
market (v)
/mkt/
midriff (n)
/mdrf/

millennium celebrations (n pl) /mlenim

selbre()nz/
momentous (adj)
/mments/
moon landing (n)
/mun lnd/

motherhood (n)
/mhd/
off-the-cuff (adj)
/fkf/

off stage
/f ste/

on stage
/n ste/
the press (n)
/ pres/

pick up on sth (phr v)
/pk p n sm/
pride yourself on sth
/prad jself n sm/
proud (adj)
/prad/
the queen of ...
/ kwin v/

raise money (for sth)
/rez mni (f sm) /
recall (v)
/rkl/
recording artist (n)
/rkd tst/
register sth (as sth) (v)
/rest sm (z

/sm) /
bear no resemblance to sb
/be n rzemblns t/

smbdi/
the royal family (n)
/ rl fm()li/

faire impression sur qn

commercialiser
diaphragme
festivits du millnaire
capital
alunissage
maternit
impromptu
en priv
sur scne
la presse
relever, ragir
tre fier de qch
fier
la reine de
runir de largent (pour qch)
se rappeler
artiste qui enregistre
faire patenter qch
navoir aucune ressemblance
avec qn
la famille royale

Watching the first man land on the Moon made a huge impression on
Alec.
Madonna is brilliant at marketing her image.
Your midriff is the front part of your body between your waist and
your chest.
The millennium celebrations took place on 31st December 1999.
A momentous event is extremely important.
The first moon landing was the occasion on which the first man
walked on the Moon.
Madonna has three children and enjoys motherhood.
An off-the-cuff remark is one that you make without planning it or
thinking about it.
Off stage is an expression for describing what an actor or singer is
really like when they are not performing.
Madonna has known controversy both on stage and off stage.
The press is an expression meaning newspapers and magazines, or the
people who work for them.
If you pick up on something, you notice it and react to it.
Madonna prides herself on her ever-evolving look, style and sound.
The fireworks were spectacular I felt proud to be Australian.
A woman who is known as the queen of an activity is very good at
that activity.
Princess Diana raised a lot of money for charity.
You recall Madonnas career as a series of images.
A recording artist is a professional singer.
In 1979 she registered 'Madonna' as a trademark.
If someone bears no resemblance to another person, they do not look
like that person at all.
Belinda doesnt think the royal family had anything to do with Dianas
death.

self-esteem (n) (TS)

/selfstim/

self-image (n) (TS)
/selfm/
sell out (phr v)
/sel at/
sell your image
/sel jr m/
spectacular (adj)
/spektkjl/
the spitting image of sb
/ spt m v

/smbdi/
stand still
/stnd stl/
stardom (n)
/stdm/
status (n)
/stets/

step down (phr v)
/step dan/
step up (phr v)
/step p/
struggle (n)
/strg()l/

super-brand (n)
/supbrnd/
think back (on) (phr v)
/k bk (n) /

tighten yr belt
/tat()n j belt/
trademark (n)
/tredmk/
tragic (adj)
/trk/
understatement (n)
/ndstetmnt/

wealth (n)
/wel/
wear your heart on your sleeve /we j ht n j sliv/

weird (adj) (TS)
/wd/

wind up (phr v)
/wand p/

estime de soi

Clothes that are clean and neat say that you care about yourself and
have good self-esteem.
image de soi
CHAPS magazine are doing a survey about mens self-image.
guichets ferms
If a concert sells out, people buy all the tickets and there are none left.
vendre son image
Shes a talented business woman whos brilliant at selling her image.
spectaculaire
At midnight, fireworks exploded across the sky it was spectacular.
le portrait tout crach de qn Someone who is the spitting image of another person looks exactly
like them.
simmobiliser
A situation that stands still stops developing.
clbrit
Stardom is the state of being very famous.
statut (n)
Madonna achieved her iconic status by constantly changing and

staying fashionable.
descendre
I dont want to step down I want to carry on with my career.
monter
She is stepping up career-wise and has no exit plan.
lutte
A struggle is a difficult period of time during which you have to work
very hard.
label universel
The name Madonna is a global super-brand.
reconsidrer
Think back on her career its not the songs you remember, its the
images.
se serrer la ceinture
If you tighten your belt, you spend less money.
marque dpose
In 1979 she registered 'Madonna' as a trademark.
tragique
Dianas death was a tragic accident.
attnuation
An understatement is something that you say that makes something
seem less important than it is.
richesse
Someones wealth is the amount of money they have.
ne pas cacher ses sentiments If you wear your heart on your sleeve, you show your feelings to other
people.
bizarre
Something that is weird is strange in an unexpected or slightly
frightening way.
mettre en bote
If someone is easy to wind up, it is easy to make them angry or upset.

CLOTHING AND APPEARANCE

bangles (n)
/bg()lz/
belt (n)
/belt/

buckle (n)
/bk()l/
button (n)
/bt()n/

casual (adj)
/kul/
change your style
/en j stal/
collar (n)
/kl/
cool (adj)
/kul/
cuff (n)
/kf/
hem (n)
/hem/
image (n)
/m/
image-conscious (adj)
/mkns/

lacy gloves (n pl)
/lesi glvz/
professional (adj)
/prfe()nl/

satin (n)
/stn/
sleeves (n pl)
/slivz/
sporty (adj)
/spti/
trendy (adj)
/trendi/
zip (n)
/zp/

bracelet, jonc
ceinture
boucle
bouton
sportif, simple
changer de style
col
cool
poignet
ourlet
image
conscient de son image
gants de dentelle
professionnel
satin
manches
sportif
la mode
fermeture clair

A bangle is a big circular bracelet that you wear around your wrist.
A belt is a narrow piece of leather or cloth that you wear around your
waist.
A buckle is a metal object used for fastening a belt.
A button is a small round object that you push through a hole to
fasten clothes.
Casual clothes are comfortable and suitable for informal situations.
If you change your style, you change the type of clothes you wear.
A collar is the part of a shirt or coat that goes around your neck.
Clothes that are cool are fashionable and attractive.
A cuff is the part of a sleeve that goes around your wrist.
A hem is the bottom edge of a dress, skirt or coat.
The genius of Madonna is the way she manages her image.
Someone who is image-conscious cares about their clothes and
appearance.
Lacy gloves are made of fine material and have small holes in them.
Someone who looks professional wears smart clothes that are suitable
for work.
Satin is a smooth, shiny expensive material.
The sleeves are the part of a piece of clothing that covers your arms.
Sporty clothes are designed for doing sport or for informal occasions.
Someone who is trendy wears fashionable and attractive clothes.
A zip is a long piece of metal or plastic used for opening or closing a
piece of clothing.

COLLOCATIONS
designer/old-fashioned/scruffy /dzan/ldf()nd/
clothes
/skrfi klz/

bright/close-set/staring eyes
/brat/klsset/ster

/az/

vtements de couturier/
dmods/ngligs

Designer clothes are expensive and fashionable;

old-fashioned clothes are not modern; scruffy clothes are untidy or
dirty.
des yeux brillants/rapprochs/ Bright eyes look lively and intelligent; close set eyes are very near each
fixes
other; staring eyes seem to look at you in a very fixed way.

expressive/impassive/round face /kspresv/mpsv/

visage expressif/inexpressif/

rand fes/
rond
sleek/spiky/tousled hair
/slik/spaki/taz()ld he/ chevelure brillante/hrisse/

emmle
firm/hearty/limp handshake
/fm/hti/lmp hndek/ poigne de main ferme/
chaleureuse/molle
abrasive/charming/mild manner /bresv/m/mald
manire brusque/charmante/

mn/
douce
fake/forced/warm smile
/fek/fst/wm smal/
sourire faux/forc/chaleureux

deep/husky/shrill voice
/dip/hski/rl vs/
voix profonde/rauque/aigu

An expressive face shows what you are feeling; an impassive face does
not show what you are feeling; a round face has the shape of a circle.
Sleek hair is smooth and shiny; spiky hair sticks up; tousled hair looks
untidy.
A firm or hearty handshake feels strong; a limp handshake feels weak.
An abrasive manner seems rude; a charming
manner is friendly and pleasant; a mild manner is kind and gentle.
A fake or forced smile is not natural or genuine; a warm smile is kind
and friendly.
A deep or husky voice is low; a shrill voice is high and unpleasant.

WORD FORMATION
rearrange (v)
/riren/
rebuild (v)
/ribld/

reconsider (v)
/riknsd/

reconstruct (v)
/riknstrkt/
rediscover (v)
/ridskv/
redo (v)
/ridu/

redraft (v)
/ridrft/

re-examine (v)
/rigzmn/

reinvent (v)
/rinvent/

reinvention (n)
/rinven()n/
relocate (v)
/rilket/
remake (v)
/rimek/
reorganise (v)
/rignaz/

replacer
reconstruire

If you rearrange people or things, you put them in a different place.

If you rebuild something, you build it again after it has been damaged
or destroyed.
If you reconsider a decision, you think about it again in order to
decide whether you should change it.
If you reconstruct something, you build it again.
If you rediscover something, you discover it again.
If you redo something, you do it again in a different way in order to
improve it.
If you redraft something, you write it again in order to make changes
to it.
If you re-examine something, you look at or think about it carefully
again.
If you reinvent something, you change something that already exists
and give it a different purpose.
Madonna is known as the queen of reinvention!
If you relocate, you move to a different place.
If you remake something, you make it again in a different way.
If you reorganise something, you organise something in a different way.

reconsidrer
reconstruire
redcouvrir
refaire
rdiger de nouveau
rexaminer
rinventer

rinvention
dmnager
refaire
rorganiser

repackage (v)
/ripk/

reschedule (v)
/riedjul/

rethink (v)
/rik/
reunite (v)
/rijunat/
reword (v)
/riwd/
rewrite (v)
/rirat/

remballer

If you repackage something, you present it in a different way to make

it look more attractive.
If you reschedule something, you, you change the time when it was
planned to happen.
If you rethink something, you think about it again in order to improve it.
If you reunite people, you bring them together again.
If you reword something, you express it using different words.
If you rewrite something, you write it using different words in order to
improve it.

replanifier

repenser
runir
reformuler
rcrire

Unit 2 (p.14)
academic qualifications (n pl) /kdemk /

/kwlfke()nz/
act (n)
/kt/
adolescence (n)
/dles()ns/
adulthood (n)
/dlthd; dlthd/
all-in-one (adj)
/lnwn/

aptitude (n)
/pttjud/
backroad (n)
/bkrd/
ball girl (n)
/bl gl/

bus pass (n)
/bs ps/

childhood (n)
/aldhd/
clown around (phr v)
/klan rand/
comically (adv)
/kmk()li/
compensate (v)
/kmpnset/
cosmetic surgery (n)
/kzmetk sri/

diplmes universitaires
acte
adolescence
ge adulte
ensemble
aptitude
route carte
lanceuse de balle
carte senior
enfance
faire le clown
comiquement
compenser
chirugie esthtique

Your academic qualifications are the exams you have passed at school,
college or university.
An act is a short performance of singing, dancing etc.
Adolescence is the period of time when you are a teenager.
Adulthood is the period of life when you are an adult.
An all-in-one piece of clothing is made up of separate parts that look
like one part.
If you have an aptitude for something, you are good at it.
The backroads are small, quiet roads with less traffic.
A ball girl is a girl whose job is to throw a ball back to a player during
a match.
A bus pass is a special ticket that allows older people to travel by bus
without paying.
Childhood is the period of time when you are a child.
If you clown around, you act in a silly or stupid way.
Comically is an adverb that means 'in a way that seems amusing'.
If something compensates for something else, it makes it seem less bad.
Cosmetic surgery is a medical operation to improve someones
appearance.

cuddle (v)
/kd()l/

do sb a favour
/du smbdi fev/
dote on sb (phr v)
/dt n smbdi/
dread (v)
/dred/
drop (v) (TS)
/drp/
dull (adj)
/dl/
to good/excellent etc effect
/t gd/ekslnt fekt/

sbs elders (n pl)
/smbdiz eldz/
exchange (=a person) (n)
/ksen/

(school) exchange (n)
/ (skul) ksen/
exoticism (n)
/gztszm/
extended family (n)
/kstendd fm()li/

fake ID (n)
/fek adi/

family background (n)
/fm()li bkgrand/
faultline (n)
/fltlan/
fluency (n)
/flunsi/
fool around (phr v)
/ful rand/
see the funny side of sth
/si fni sad v/

sm/
get to hear about sth
/get t hr bat/ sm/
grow apart (phr v)
/gr pt/
have a wild side
/hv wald sad/
hip (adj)
/hp/
host family (n)
/hst fm()li/
humiliation (n)
/hjumlien/
immersion (n)
/m()n/

infancy (n)
/nfnsi/
be on its last legs
/bi n ts lst legz/

cliner
faire qn une faveur
aimer qn la folie
redouter
laisser tomber (qn)
ennuyant
pour faire bon/excellent
effet
les ans de qn
correspondante
change scolaire
exotisme
famille au sens large
fausse carte didentit
antcdent familial
failles
aisance
faire limbcile
voir le ct drle de qch
entendre parler de qch
grandir spars
avoir un ct extravagant
la page
famille daccueil
humiliation
immersion
petite enfance
tirer vers sa fin
8

If you cuddle someone, you put your arms around them to show that
you love them.
If you do someone a favour, you do something in order to help them.
If you dote on someone, you love them very much.
If you dread something, you are very frightened that it might happen.
As soon as we told Sarah we liked Jeremy, she dropped him.
Dull is an adjective that means 'boring'.
If you use something to good effect, you use it in a way that impresses
people.
Your elders are people who are older than you.
When she was 15, Viv went to stay with her German exchange, Frauke
Schoon.
Have you ever done a school exchange?
Viv loved the exoticism of new friends such as Axelle and Amalia.
An extended family is a large family group that includes grandparents,
aunts, uncles, cousins etc.
Fake ID is an identity card that has been made to look real in order to
trick people.
Your family background is the type of family that you come from.
Faultlines are small problems that develop.
Fluency in a language is the ability to speak it well.
If you fool around, you act in a silly or stupid way.
If you see the funny side of something, you see the
amusing part of a difficult or embarrassing situation.
All Alexs friends got to hear about the fact that his father was a clown.
Viv and Axelle grew apart and eventually lost touch.
Amalia was quiet but had a secret wild side.
Someone who is hip is cool and trendy.
Your host family is the family that welcomes you into their home.
Humiliation is the state of feeling embarrassed and ashamed.
Immersion is a way of learning another language in which you only
use the foreign language in class.
Infancy is the period of time when you are a baby or very young child.
If something is on its last legs, it is very old and no longer very useful.

sbs loved ones (n pl)

/smbdiz lvd wnz/

(club) mascot (n)
/ (klb) mskt/

middle age (n)
/md()l e/

music decks (n pl) (TS)
/mjuzk deks/
nappy (n)
/npi/

nickname (v)
/nknem/
nightlife (n)
/natlaf/

object (v)
/bekt/
old age (n)
/ld e/
outrageous (adj)
/atres/
perform (v)
/pfm/
poster-girl (n)
/pst gl/

prospect (n)
/prspekt/

rusty (adj)
/rsti/

see-through (adj)
/siru/
sink or swim
/sk swm/

sour (v)
/sa/

cant stand (doing) sth
/knt stnd du /sm/
stay in shape
/ste n ep/
sticky (adj)
/stki/
study trip (n)
/stdi trp/

les bien-aims de qn
mascotte
ge moyen
platines
couche
surnom
vie nocturne
objecter
vieil ge
outrageant
jouer
grie publicitaire
perspective
rouill
translucide
couler ou nager
saigrir
ne pouvoir supporter
(dtre) qch
rester en forme
collant
voyage dtudes

Your loved ones are the people you love, especially members of your
family.
Kayleighs mum is club mascot for Cardiff City and wears a bird
costume at matches.
Middle age is the period of time when you are no longer young, but
are not yet old.
Its easy for Andy, as a DJ, to hide behind his music decks at work.
A nappy is a thick piece of cloth that a baby wears between its legs
before it has learned to use the toilet.
Alexs friends nicknamed him 'Corky Junior'.
Nightlife is entertainment available in the evenings in clubs, bars,
restaurants etc.
If you object to something, you do not like it or approve of it.
Old age is the period of someones life when they are old.
Something that is outrageous is slightly shocking.
Ginas mum dresses up as Cher and performs at clubs.
A poster-girl is a girl or woman who is a good advertisement for
something.
If you have good job prospects, you are likely to get a good job and
earn a lot of money.
If your knowledge of a language is rusty, you have forgotten a lot of
what you have learnt.
See-through is an adjective that means 'transparent.'
If you are in a situation where you must sink or swim, you must deal
with problems on your own if you want to succeed.
If a relationship between two people sours, the people stop liking
each other.
Gina is shy and cant stand being the centre of of attention.
If you stay in shape, you stay fit and healthy.
Sticky objects are covered with a substance that sticks to things.
A study trip is a period of time that you spend away from home in
order to study or learn something.

table manners (n pl)

/teb()l mnz/

ultimate (adj)
/ltmt/

underneath (adv)
/ndni/
urban (adj)
/bn/
want the ground to open up /wnt grand tu/

/pn p/
wiggly (adj)
/wgli/
witness (n)
/wtns/

manires de table
dfinitive
en-dessous
citadin
vouloir disparatre sous terre

Your table manners are the way you behave when you are at a table
eating food.
When Viv says she is the ultimate poster-girl for school exchanges, she
means she is a perfect example of someone who enjoys them.
She wears a bird costume, but everyone knows its Mum underneath.
Someone who is urban is used to life in cities.
If you want the ground to open up, you feel extremely embarrassed.

qui se tortille
tmoin

A wiggly moustache is not straight and you can move it around.

A witness at a wedding is someone who also signs the official
document that the married couple sign.

Qui se ressemble sassemble.

Birds of a feather flock together means that people of a similar type

spend time together.
Blood is thicker than water means that family relationships are the
most important.
Charity begins at home means that you should look after your family
and friends first.
Home is where the heart is means that your home is wherever your
loved ones are.
One good turn deserves another means that if someone is kind and
helpful to you, you should also be kind and helpful to them.
Twos company. Threes a crowd means that two people can be happy
together, but a third person causes problems.

SAYINGS
Birds of a feather flock
/bdz v fe flk
together.
tge/
Blood is thicker than water.
/bld z k n wt/

Charity begins at home.
/rti bgnz t hm/

Home is where the heart is.
/hm z we ht z/

One good turn deserves
/wn gd tn dzvz
another.
n/
Twos company. Threes a crowd. /tuz kmp()ni riz

krad/

La voix du sang est la plus

forte. /
Charit bien ordonne
commence la maison.
O le coeur aime, l est le
foyer.
Un prt pour un rendu.
On est mieux deux.

SHOWING SOMEONE AROUND YOUR HOME

Welcome to our home!
Did you have a pleasant
journey?
Let me introduce you to
Then Ill show you around.

/welkm tu hm/
/dd ju hv plez()nt
ni/
let mi ntrdjus ju tu
/en al ju rand/

Bienvenue chez nous !

Avez-vous fait bon voyage?
Puis-je vous prsenter
Puis , je vais vous faire
visiter.
10

Hello Marie. Welcome to our home!

'Did you have a pleasant journey?' 'Yes, but Im feeling a bit tired
now.'
Let me introduce you to the rest of the family.
Ill introduce you to the rest of the family, then Ill show you around.

You must call me

/ju mst kl mi/
Help yourself to
/help jself tu/
Make yourself at home.
/mek jself t hm/

If theres anything you need /f ez n j nid/
Give me a shout.
/gv mi at/

Vous devez mappeler

Servez-vous en
se mettre laise.

Si vous avez besoin de qch
Appelez-moi

You must call me Jill.

Help yourself to tea and coffee.
If you make yourself at home somewhere, you feel relaxed and
comfortable.
If theres anything you need, just give me a shout.
Give me a shout if theres anything you need.

Salut!
La porte est ouverte.
Hourra cest super!
'Comment va?'
se relaxer
Voulez-vous ?
Nmporte
Aucune ide.

Hiya! The doors open.

The doors open. Come in.
'I remembered to bring you that CD.' 'Cheers, thats great!'
'Hows it going?' 'All right, but Im shattered.'
I just want to chill out this evening and watch TV.
Do you want to watch a DVD?
'Do you want to watch TV or shall I get a DVD?' 'Whatever.'
'Whats on TV?' 'No idea rubbish as usual, I expect.'

SOCIAL REGISTER
Informal
Hiya!
The doors open.
Cheers thats great!
'Hows it going?'
chill out (phr v)
Do you want to ?
Whatever.
No idea.

/haj/
/ dz pn/
/z ts gret/
/haz t g/
/l at/
/du j wnt tu/
/wtev/
/n ad/

Formal
Welcome!
Do come in!
Thats very kind of you!
relax
Would you prefer ?
I dont mind.
Im afraid I dont know.

/welkm/
/du km n/
/ts veri kand v ju/

Bienvenue!
Veuillez entrer!
Cest trs aimable de votre
part!
/rlks/
se dtendre
/wd j prf/
Prfreriez-vous ?
/a dnt mand/
mest gal.
/am fred a dnt n/ Dsol, je ne sais pas.

11

Welcome! Do come in!

Welcome! Do come in!
Thank you, thats very kind of you!
You must sit down and relax.
Would you prefer tea or coffee?
Would you prefer tea or coffee?' 'I dont mind.'
'How many miles is it exactly?' 'Im afraid I dont know.'

Unit 3 (p.24)
adventurer (n)
/dvenr/
antique (n) (TS)
/ntik/
appear in court
/pr n kt/

band together (phr v)
/bnd tge/

breathtaking (adj)
/bretek/

capitalise on sth
/kptlaz n sm/

be charged with sth
/bi d w/
collapse (v)
/klps/
community service (n)
/kmjunti svs/

concern (n)
/knsn/

con-man (n)
/knmn/

corner the market (TS)
/kn mkt/

cornice (n) (TS)
/kns/
crops (n pl)
/krps/
cynic (n)
/snk/
declare (v)
/dkle/
discovery (n)
/dskv()ri/
disillusion (n)
/dslu()n/

disillusioned (adj)
/dslu()nd/
easterner (n)
/istn/

aventurier
antiquit
paratre en justice

former un groupe
couper le souffle
tirer profit de qch
tre accus de qch
scrouler
travail dutilit publique
inquitude
escroc
accaparer le march
corniche
rcolte
cynique
dclarer
dcouverte
dsillusion
dsillusionn
gens de lest

12

An adventurer is someone who will take a risk in order to make money.

An antique is an object that is old and valuable.
If someone appears in court, they go to a court of law so that people
can ask you questions about something illegal they think you have done.
If people band together, they work together in order to achieve
something.
Something that is breathtaking is very is extremely impressive or
beautiful.
If you capitalise on something, you use it to get an advantage for
yourself.
Someone who is charged with a crime is officially accused of it.
If something collapses, it fails completely.
Community service is work that someone does as a punishment
instead of going to prison.
Concern is a feeling of worry or sympathy for someone who is in a bad
situation.
A con-man is a criminal who tricks other people in order to get their
money.
If you corner the market, you get complete control of an area of
business.
A cornice is an overhanging area of snow on the edge of a mountain.
Crops are plants that farmers grow to produce food.
A cynic is a person who thinks that people are not sincere or honest.
If you declare something, you say officially that it is true.
The discovery of gold attracted thousands of people to California.
Disillusion is a feeling of great disappointment when something is not
as good as you thought.
John Sutter eventually left California feeling disillusioned.
Easterners are people who live in the east of a country or state.

eastward (adv)
/istwd/
entrepreneur (n)
/ntrprn/
epic (adj)
/epk/
epidemic (n)
/epdemk/
follow sbs tracks (TS)
/fl smbdz trks/

foolishness (n)
/fulns/
fort (n)
/ft/
a gap in the market
/ gp n mkt/

glint (n)
/glnt/
go through with sth (phr v)
/g ru w sm/

gold (n)
/gld/
gold fever (n)
/gld fiv/

gold rush (n)
/gld r/

gold strike (n)
/gld strak/
GPS (Global Positioning System) /ipies/
(n) (TS)
hammock (n)
/hmk/
a handful (of)
/ hndfl (v) /
hand-painted (adj) (TS)
/hndpentd/
a hard turn (n) (TS)
/ hd tn/
a head of (cattle)
/ hed v kt()l/
hot up (phr v)
/ht p/
immigrant (n)
/mgrnt/
be intent on
/bi ntent n/
joint (adj)
/nt/
keenly understand sth
/kinli ndstnd sm/

vers lest
entrepreneur
pique
pidmie
suivre les traces de qn
btise
forteresse
une brche dans le march
clair, reflet
aller jusquau bout de qch
or
fivre de lor
rue vers lor
la dcouverte dun gisement
dor
GPS (Global Positioning
System)
hammac
une poigne (de)
peint la main
un virage brusque
une tte (de btail)
se populariser
immigr
avoir lintention de
coentreprise
comprendre en profondeur
qch

13

If you travel eastward, you travel in a direction towards the east.

An entrepreneur is someone who uses money to start a business.
An epic journey is very long and exciting.
An epidemic is a situation in which a feeling spreads very quickly.
If you follow someones tracks, you follow where they are walking or
moving.
Foolishness is a word that means the same as 'stupidity'.
A fort is a strong building that is used to defend a place.
A gap in the market is an opportunity to sell something that is not
available but that people would like to have.
A glint of something is a quick flash of light from something that is shiny.
If you go through with something, you succeed in doing something
difficult.
In 1848 gold was discovered in California.
Gold fever was the wish to find gold that a lot of people felt in the
19th century.
The gold rush was the period in the 19th century when a lot of people
went to a place where gold had been discovered.
A gold strike is the act of discovering that gold exists in a place.
GPS is a system you install in your car that tells you where you are and
gives you directions.
A hammock is a bed consisting of a piece of cloth tied to a tree.
A handful of people or things is a very small number of them.
Eric bought some beautiful hand-painted toy soldiers.
A hard turn is a sudden movement you make to the right or left.
'A head' is an expression used as a way of counting farm animals.
When an activity hots up, it becomes much more popular.
Sutter was a Swiss immigrant who came to California in 1848.
Sutter was intent on building his own private empire.
A joint company is owned by more than one person.
If you keenly understand a situation, you have thought about it and
understand it well.

kingdom (n)
/kdm/
lead to sbs downfall (TS)
/lid t smbdz/ /danfl/

life-affirming (adj)
/laffm/

lifetime (n)
/laftam/

madness (n)
/mdns/

mid-life crisis (n)
/mdlaf krass/

mortgage (v)
/mg/
newcomer (n)
/njukm/
opportunist (n)
/ptjunst/

outpost (n)
/atpst/
pan (n)
/pn/
pick (n)
/pk/
private empire (n)
/pravt empa/
prosecute (v)
/prskjut/
be registered in sbs name
/bi restd n/

smbdz nem/
resident (n)
/rezd()nt/
risk-taker (n)
/rsktek/

at the root of sth
/t rut v sm/

rug (n)
/rg/
ruined (adj)
/rund/
satellite navigation (n) (TS)
/stlat nvge()n/

sawmill (n)
/sml/
scheme (n)
/skim/

royaume
mener la chute de qn

A kingdom is an area or activity that someone controls.

Alcoholism led to his downfall and Californias first millionaire died an
unnoticed death.
vivifiant
Something that is life-affirming makes you feel happier or more
positive about life.
dure dune vie
The adventurers were willing to spend a difficult year in return for a
lifetime of riches.
folie
If people think that something is madness, they think it is extremely
stupid.
crise de la cinquantaine
A mid-life crisis is when people who are middle-aged feel very anxious
about their life.
hypothquer
People mortgaged their farms in order to travel to California.
nouveaux arrivants
Sutter welcomed the newcomers as subjects for his new kingdom.
opportuniste
An opportunist is someone who always tries to get an advantage for
themselves.
poste avanc
An outpost is a place that is far away from other places.
bate
A pan is a large, flat bowl used for collecting gold.
pioche
A pick is a tool used for breaking hard surfaces.
empire personnel
Someones private empire is a business that they own.
poursuivre
If you prosecute someone, you officially accuse them of a crime.
tre enregistr au nom de qn Christopher sold the car although it was registered in his mothers
name.
rsident
Residents are the people who live in a particular place.
preneur de risque
A risk-taker is someone who is not afraid of taking risks to get what
they want.
la racine de qch
If something is at the root of a problem or situation, it is the thing
that has caused it.
carpette
A rug is a very small carpet that you put on a floor.
ruin
In 1850 Sutter had lost all his wealth and was a ruined man.
navigation par satellite
Satellite navigation is a system that tells you where you are and gives
you directions.
scierie
A sawmill is a building where wood is cut into pieces using a machine.
schma
A scheme is a plan that you make in order to get something.

14

shovel (n)
/v()l/
spa (n)
/sp/

special delivery (n)
/spe()l dlv()ri/
spotlight (n)
/sptlat/

start afresh
/stt fre/
starving (adj)
/stv/
statement (n)
/stetmnt/
stock company (n)
/stk kmp()ni/
subject (n)
/sbekt/
supply and demand (n)
/spla n dmnd/

support a charity
/spt rti/
sweep sb up (phr v) (TS)
/swip smbdi p/
Swiss (adj)
/sws/
tear down (phr v)
/te dan/
telegraph (v)
/telgrf/

thump (v)
/mp/
trample (v)
/trmp()l/
traverse (v) (TS)
/trvs/
trickle (v)
/trk()l/
undertake (v)
/ndtek/
vigorous (adj)
/vg()rs/
vision (n)
/v()n/
visionary (n)
/vn()ri/

wagon (n)
/wgn/
be in the way
/bi n we/

wealthy (adj)
/weli/

pelle
pdiluve

livraison express
feu des projecteurs
recommencer qch
qui a trs faim
dclaration
socit par actions
sujet
offre et demande
soutenir une oeuvre de
bienfaisance
balayer, emporter qn
suisse
abattre
tlgraphier
battre fort
pitiner
traverser
sinfilter
entreprendre
vigoureux
vision
visionnaire
chariot
gner
fortun

15

A shovel is a tool that is used for lifting and moving earth or snow.
A spa is a type of bath filled with water that you put your feet into in
order to relax.
A special delivery is a parcel that is delivered by a fast postal service.
If you are in the spotlight, everyone is looking at you or is interested
in you.
Ian Usher has sold his life because he wants to start afresh.
I havent eaten since this morning Im starving.
A statement is something that you say or write publicly.
A stock company is one that is owned by several people.
A subject is a person who works for someone who is very powerful.
The laws of supply and demand relate to the amount of a product
that is available and how many people want to buy it.
If you support a charity, you give money to it.
If water or snow sweeps someone up, it moves over them quickly.
Someone who is Swiss is from Switzerland.
If you tear down a building, you destroy it.
News of the discovery of gold was telegraphed to every village and
town.
If your heart thumps, it beats very fast.
If people trample something, they destroy it by walking all over it.
If you traverse an area, you move over or across it.
By the mid-1840s more and more Americans were trickling into California.
Other people have undertaken similar schemes to Ian Usher and profited.
If you do vigorous exercise, you exercise very hard.
Sutter had a vision of building his own private empire.
Someone who is a visionary has a clear idea of how things should be
done.
A wagon is an old-fashioned vehicle pulled by horses.
If you are in the way, you are stopping people from doing what they
want to do.
Wealthy is a word meaning the same as 'rich'.

whisper (n)
/wsp/
Why on earth?
/wa n /

without sbs knowledge
/wat smbdz/ nl/

rumeur
Au nom du ciel! Pourquoi?
en cachette de qn

Whispers of a gold strike drifted eastward across the country.

'Why on earth?' is an expression that is used to emphasize the
question word 'Why?'
Without his mothers knowledge, Christopher sold her car.

faire un brin de causette

avoir du mal
avoir le devoir de
tenter le coup
essayer de deviner
bien rire
jeter un oeil
avoir le droit de
rflchir qch
(en) toucher un mot

If you have a chat with someone, you talk to them for a short time.
We had difficulty finding somewhere to park.
We all have a duty to help each other.
If you have a go at something, you try to do it.
'How many people live in the UK?' 'I dont know.' 'Have a guess.'
I like meeting friends and having a laugh.
Can I have a look at your new iPod?
People over 18 have the right to vote.
Well have a think and let you know what we decide.
Can I have a quick word with you, please?

faire fortune
faire toute une histoire

Top football players can make a fortune.

If you make a fuss about something, you get too worried or excited
about it.
It can be hard to make a living as an actor.
Banks have made huge losses in recent months.
I always make a mess when I cook.
Businessmen such as Bill Gates and Richard Branson have made a lot of
money.
If you make a profit, you sell something for more money than it cost
to buy.
I dont understand my dreams. They never make sense.
Weve a lot of work to do we'd better make a start.

COLLOCATIONS
have
have
have
have
have
have
have
have
have
have
have

a chat
difficulty
a duty
a go
a guess
a laugh
a look
a right
a think
a word

/hv t/
/hv dfk()lti/
/hv djuti/
/hv g/
/hv ges/
/hv lf/
/hv lk/
/hv rat/
/hv k/
/hv wd/

make
make a fortune
/mek fun/
make a fuss
/mek fs/

make a living
/mek lv/
make a loss
/mek ls/
make a mess
/mek mes/
make money
/mek mni/

make a profit
/mek prft/

make sense
/mek sens/
make a start
/mek stt/

gagner sa vie
faire des pertes
faire du dsordre
faire de largent

faire du bnfice

avoir du sens
commencer

16

take
take action
/tek k()n/
take advice
/tek dvas/

take a deep breath
/tek dip bre/
take
take
take
take
take
take
take

an exam
notes
office
place
responsibility
a risk
sugar

/tek n gzm/
/tek nts/
/tek fs/
/tek ples/
/tek rspnsblti/
/tek rsk/
/tek g/

passer lacte
prendre conseil
prendre une grande
inspiration
passer un examen
prendre des notes
entrer en fonction
avoir lieu
prendre ses responsabilits
prendre un risque
prendre du sucre

Theres a time for talking and a time for taking action.

If you take advice, you ask someone for their opinion about the best
thing to do.
Take a deep breath and calm down.
Shes taking her piano exam tomorrow.
Students listened to the teacher and took notes.
President Barack Obama took office in January 2009.
The 2012 Olympics take place in London.
Shes 16 and old enough to take responsibility for herself.
You sometimes have to take risks to succeed.
Do you take sugar in coffee?

METAPHORS
Time = Money
be running out of time
/bi rn at v tam/
spare (sb) a couple of minutes /spe (smbdi)

/kp()l v mnts/
sbs time is precious
/smbdiz tam z pres/
use your time profitably
/juz j tam prftbli/
waste your time
/west j tam/

be worth sbs while
/bi w smbdiz wal/

arriver lchance
accorder ( qn) qq minutes
une personne affaire
bien utiliser son temps
perdre son temps

valoir la peine

Hurry up! Were running out of time.

We need to talk. Can you spare a couple of minutes?

If someones time is precious, they are busy and do not have a lot of time.
You should use your time more profitably and get a proper job.
Youre wasting your time if you think you can make money out of the
Internet.
Just five minutes of your time I promise it will be worth your while!

ruminer qch
digrer linformation
donner rflchir
ide qui ne tient pas debout

Martha had been chewing over the idea for the past few weeks.
I need time to digest all this information.
Thats interesting. Theres certainly food for thought here.
A half-baked idea is one that you have not thought about properly.

Ideas = Food
chew sth over
digest information
food for thought
be a half-baked idea

/u sm v/
/daest nfme()n/
/fud f t/
/bi hf bekt ad/

17

MONEY
afford (v)
/fd/
be a bargain (TS)
/bi bgn/
blow it on sth
/bl t n sm/
breadwinner (n)
/bredwn/
broke (adj)
/brk/
budget (n)
/bt/

cheap and cheerful (TS)
/ip n f()l/

earn a living
/n lv/
Theres no such thing as a free /ez n s z
lunch.
/fri ln/
hard-up (adj)
/hdp/
inherit (v)
/nhert/

invest (v)
/nvest/
loaded (adj)
/ldd/
The love of money is the
/ lv v mni z
root of of all evil.
rut v l iv()l/
be made of money
/bi med v mni/

Money makes the world.
/mni meks wld
go round
g rand/
overdraft (n)
/vdrft/
get sth for peanuts
/get sm f pints/
In for a penny, in for a pound. /n fr peni n fr

pand/
pricey (adj) (TS)
/prasi/
push the boat out
/p bt at/

Put your money where your
/pt j mni we j
mouth is.
ma z/

avoir les moyens

tre une bonne affaire
claquer pour qch
chef de famille
fauch
budget

If you can afford something, you have enough money to buy it.
If something is a bargain it costs much less than normal.
He didnt save the money instead he blew it all on a new music system.
A breadwinner is the person who earns the money to support a family.
If you are broke, you have spent all your money.
A budget is an amount of money that you an afford to spend on
something.
pas cher et bien
Something that is cheap and cheerful does not cost a lot of money but
is suitable for a particular purpose.
gagner sa vie
Do you agree that its a mans job to earn a living? Theres no such
Rien ne vaut un repas gratuit thing as a free lunch means that you cannot get something good
without paying for it.
court dargent
Someone who is hard-up does not have a lot of money.
hriter
He told his girlfriend he had inherited the money from his grandfather,
who had died.
investir
If you invest money, you use it in order to make more money.
bourr de fric
Loaded is an informal word meaning 'extremely rich'.
Lamour de largent est la
The love of money is the root of all evil means that money makes
racine de tous les maux.
people do bad things to other people.
tre cousu dor
No, I cant afford to buy you a new car Im not made of money, you
know!
Largent fait tourner le
Money makes the world go round means that it is peoples desire to
monde
make money that makes them do things.
dcouvert
If you pay off an overdraft, you pay the bank money that you owe to it.
obtenir qch pour rien
Computers are much cheaper nowadays you can get them for peanuts.
Qui a dit A doit dire B.
In for a penny, in for a pound means that you intend to finish
something you have started doing.
coteux
Pricey is a word that means 'expensive'.
ne pas lsiner sur les moyens If you push the boat out, you decide to spend a lot of money on
something.
Un placement dargent
If you put your money where your mouth is, you give money to
convainc plus quun
someone or something to show that you mean what you say.
discours.
18

save it for a rainy day

/sev t fr reni de/

splash out (on) (phr v)
/spl at (n) /

stretch to sth (phr v)
/stre t sm/
a sum of money
/ sm v mni/
tax (v)
/tks/
Watch the pennies, and the
/w penz n
pounds take care of
pandz tek ke v
themselves.
mselvz/
be worth 100/$250 etc
/bi w hndrd

pandz/tu hndrd n

ffti dlz/

pargner pour les mauvais

jours
jeter son argent (par les
fentres)
allonger jusqu
une somme dargent
imposer
Il ny a pas de petites
conomies
valoir 100/250$ etc

If you save money for a rainy day, you save it for a time when you
need it.
He splashed out on an extravagant champagne holiday for himself and
his girlfriend.
'How much can you afford to spend?' 'I could stretch to about 10,000.
Christopher said he had inherited a sum of money from his grandfather.
The government taxes cigarettes and alcohol heavily.
Watch the pennies and the pounds take care of themselves means
that if you save small amounts of money, you will eventually have a
large amount.
Win a holiday worth 6,000!

Review A
advisor
/dvaz/

delighted
/dlatd/
fed-up
/fedp/
get sth noticed
/get sm ntst/
get rid of sth
/get rd v sm/
give up
/gv p/
pay sb back
/pe smbdi bk/

have a row (with sb)
/hv ra (w smbdi)/
run a business
/rn bzns/

conseiller
enchante
qui en marre
faire remarquer qch
se dbarrasser de qch
abandonner
rembourser qn
se disputer (avec qn)
diriger une affaire

19

Louise wanted to save the bookshop and asked a business advisor

for help.
The bookshop is making a fortune and Louise is delighted.
If you feel fed-up, you feel bored and annoyed or sad.
In order to get the shop noticed, she painted it bright red.
I decided to get rid of the old car and buy a new one.
If you give up, you stop doing something.
I dont mind lending you the money, but I expect you to pay me back
soon.
We had a row and now were not speaking.
Louise runs her own business a bookshop.

Unit 4 (p.36)
achievement (n)
/ivmnt/
aim (v)
/em/
ammunition (n)
/mjn()n/
the Antarctic (n)
/i ntktk/

the Arctic (n)
/i ktk/

bear drill (n)
/be drl/

bloke (n)
/blk/
blood sugar level (n)
/bld g lev()l/
bother (n)
/b/
bra (n)
/br/
carbohydrates (carbs) (n pl)
/kbhadrets/

cardio (n)
/kdi/
carnivore (n)
/knv/
cartridge (n) (TS)
/ktr/
cause (n)
/kz/

challenge (n)
/ln/

clear sbs head
/kl smbdiz hed/
comfort (v)
/kmft/
crucial (adj)
/kru()l/
look like death warmed up
/lk lak de wmd p/
to sbs delight
/t smbdiz dlat/
dial (v)
/dal/
drag (v)
/drg/

russite
but
munitions
lAntarctique

l Arctique

Getting to the Pole was a tremendous achievement for Ben.

Claire is aiming to raise money for a breast cancer charity.
Ammunition is bullets that can be fired from a gun.
The Antarctic is the extremely cold region in the most southern part of
the world.
The Arctic is the extremely cold region in the most northern part of
the world.
manoeuvre anti-ours
A bear drill is a series of actions that you must do to avoid being
attacked by a bear.
type
Bloke is an informal word meaning a 'man'.
taux de glucose sanguin
Its important to maintain blood sugar levels for energy.
ennui
Bother is an informal word meaning 'problems' or 'difficulties'.
soutien-gorge
A bra is a piece of underwear that supports a womans breasts.
hydrates de carbone glucides Carbohydrates or carbs are substances in foods such as bread and
potatoes.
gym tonicardiaque
A cardio is an exercise to make the heart stronger.
carnivore
Carnivores are animals who eat meat.
cartouche
Pen reloaded the gun again with a fifth and sixth cartridge.
cause
Completing the MoonWalk means I will have contributed money to a
good cause.
dfi
Doing a walk for charity and giving up smoking are different types of
challenge.
rendre qn lucide
If something clears your head, it helps you to think more clearly.
rcomforter
If you comfort someone, you make them feel better.
crucial
Carbohydrates are crucial for energy levels.
avoir une tte de dterr
Someone who looks like death warmed up looks extremely ill.
au grand plaisir de qn
To my delight, the twenty cigarettes were intact!
appeler (par tl.)
I should dial Shubentsov whenever I feel the urge to smoke.
tirer
If you drag something heavy, you pull it with difficulty.

20

endeavour (n)
/endev/

energy bar (n)
/eni b/

environmental scientist (n)
/nvarnment()l

santst/
expedition (n)
/ekspd()n/
explorer (n)
/ksplr/
fingertip (n)
/fgtp/
finishing line (n)
/fn lan/
fire (v)
/fa/
focus (n)
/fks/
frostbite (n)
/frstbat/
fundamentally (adv)
/fndment()li/
gear (n)
/g/
healing energy (n)
/hil eni/
health freak (n)
/hel frik/
hibernate (v)
/habnet/
hooked (adj)
/hkt/
horizon (n)
/hraz()n/
hydrated (adj)
/hadretd/
imminent (adj)
/mnnt/
inquisitive (adj)
/nkwztv/
intact (adj)
/ntkt/
intrigue (v)
/ntrig/
joint (n)
/nt/

keep sb going
/kip smbdi g/
Its killing me!
/ts kl mi/
land-based (adj)
/lndbest/
media interest (n)
/midi ntrst/
membership (n)
/membp/

effort
barre nergtique
expert en environnement
expdition
explorateur
bout du doigt
ligne darrive
virer qn
centre dintrt
engelure
fondamentalement
quipement
fluide gurisseur
naturopathe
hiberner
dpendant
horizon
hydrat
imminent
inquisiteur
intact
intriguer
articulation

Do you think that the achievements and endeavours of explorers have

significance for the rest of us?
An energy bar is a small piece of cake or biscuit that you eat to give
you energy.
An environmental scientist specialises in studying the environment.
Ben went on an expedition to the North Pole.
Richard Branson, Ellen McArthur and Ben Saunders are all explorers.
Your fingertips are the parts right at the end of your fingers.
The finishing line is a line on a track that marks the end of a race.
Fire is an informal word meaning to 'make someone leave their job'.
Focus is the effort and concentration that you give to something.
Walking through snow and ice can give you frostbite.
Fundamentally means the same as 'basically'.
Running gear is the type of clothes you wear for running.
Healing energy is energy that helps to cure people.
A health freak is someone who is obsessed with keeping fit.
Do polar bears hibernate in winter?
If you are hooked on cigarettes, you cannot do without them.
Peoples horizons are the things they try to achieve.
Its important to stay hydrated so Ill be drinking a lot of water.
Something that is imminent is going to happen soon.
Inquisitive means the same as 'curious'.
Something that is intact is not damaged or broken.
The question: 'How far can we go?' intrigues Ben.
Your joints are the parts of your body that can bend such as your
knees and hips.
The idea of giving money to a good cause keeps Claire going.
My ankles hurting in fact its killing me!
Land-based animals are animals that live on the land, not in the sea.
Media interest is the interest shown by TV, newspapers in events.
Gym membership can be quite expensive.

maintenir qn en vie
me tue!
terrestre
intrt mdiatique
adhsion

21

motivational speaker (n)

/mtve()nl spik/

muddy (adj)
/mdi/
navigate (v)
/nvget/

obscenely (adv)
/bsinli/
only have yourself to blame
/nli hv jself t blem/

outline (v)
/atlan/
outrun (v)
/atrn/
pocket (v)
/pkt/
pointless (adj)
/pntls/
power-walk/power-walking (n) /pawk/

pawk/
quit (v)
/kwt/
quitting technique (n)
/kwt teknik/
since records began
/sns rekdz bgn/

relieved (adj)
/rlivd/
reload (v)
/rild/
the reverse (n)
/ rvs/
risky (adj)
/rski/
seal (n)
/sil/
It serves you right.
/t svz ju rat/

shambolic (adj)
/mblk/

significance (n)
/sgnfkns/
not sleep a wink
/nt slip wk/
sledge (n)
/sle/
slip into sth
/slp nt sm/

sole (n)
/sl/

prcheur, orateur
rauque
naviguer
outrageusement
navoir sen prendre qu
soi
esquisser
dpasser la course
empocher
qui ne rime rien
marche rapide/powerwalking
arrter
mthode pour sarrter
jamais consign
soulag
recharger
le revers
risqu
phoque
Cest bien fait pour toi.
chaotique
sens
ne pas fermer loeil
traineau
prendre lhabitude de,
commencer
plante des pieds

22

A motivational speaker is someone who gives talks in public to try to

encourage people to do something.
A muddy accent is deep and not very clear.
Someone who navigates uses maps or other equipment to decide
which way to go.
Someone who is obscenely rich is so rich that you think it is unacceptable.
If you only have yourself to blame, you are completely responsible for
something bad.
If you outline something, you give a quick description of it.
If you outrun a person or animal, you run faster than them.
I picked the cigarettes up and pocketed them.
Something that is pointless does not have any meaning or use.
A power-walk or power-walking is a form of exercise in which you
walk very quickly.
Once youve started smoking, its very difficult to quit.
Lots of quitting techniques are available to help you give up smoking.
Conditions in the Arctic were described as some of 'the worst since
records began'.
I felt relieved when no one answered the phone.
Pen reloaded the gun when he saw the bear walking towards them.
The reverse of something is its opposite.
Something that is risky is slightly dangerous.
Do polar bears eat seals?
'My back stings I didnt put any sunblock on.' 'It serves you right
then, doesnt it?'
Something that is shambolic does not succeed because it is badly
organised.
Do the achievements of explorers have significance for the rest of us?
If you dont sleep a wink , you dont sleep at all.
Ben Saunders dragged a 180-kilogramme sledge over 1,420 miles.
If you slip into a particular way of behaving or speaking, you start
behaving or speaking in that way.
The soles of your feet are the flat parts underneath your feet.

the South Pole (n)

/ sa pl/
sponsor (v)
/spns/

stamina (n)
/stmn/
steadily (adv)
/stedli/
a streaming nose
/ strim nz/

strength-training (n)
/stretren/

stretch yourself (v refl)
/stre jself/
supplies (n pl)
/splaz/
transmit (v)
/trnzmt/

le ple sud
sponsoriser

The South Pole is the part of the earth that is the furthest south.
If you sponsor something, you provide the money that is necessary to
do it.
Your stamina is the ability to do something without getting tired.
Slowly and steadily most smokers get hooked on cigarettes.
If you have a streaming nose, liquid flows from your nose because you
have a cold.
Claire does a combination of cardio, aerobics and strength-training to
prepare for the race.
The more you stretch yourself, the stronger your self-belief gets.
Supplies are things such as food or medical equipment that you need.
Shubentsov transmits his healing energy through his fingertips.

endurance
progressivement
un nez qui coule

musculation
stirer
provisions
transmettre

COLLOCATIONS
be in charge of
/bi n v/
close the barrel
/klz brl/

I couldnt quite figure out
/a kd()nt kwat fg

t at/
The guns still jammed.
/ gnz stl md/
load the gun
/ld gn/
go into slow motion
/g nt sl /m()n/

pull the trigger
/pl trg/
Theres no way ...
/ez n we/
undo the zip
/ndu zp/

tre responsable de
fermer le barillet
je ne pouvais pas bien
imaginer
le pistolet est verrouill
charger le pistolet
aller au ralenti
appuyer sur la gchette
Il nest pas possible de
ouvrir la fermeture clair

If you are in charge of something, you are responsible for it.

If you close the barrel of a gun, you close the part that the bullet is
fired through.
Something was wrong, but I couldnt quite figure it out.
The guns still jammed it wont fire.
If you load a gun, you put bullets in it.
If everything goes into slow motion, it seems to be happening very
slowly.
If you pull the trigger of a gun, you fire it.
Theres no way we can outrun a bear!
My fingers were too cold to undo the zip.

PHRASAL VERBS
call sb back
chase sb/sth away

come up with
cut down on

/kl smbdi bk/

/es smbdi/sm
we/
/km p w/
/kt dan n/

rappeler qn
repousser qn/qch

proposer,trouver
rduire

Leave a message and Ill call you back.

Smoke chases away mosquitoes.
I wish someone would come up with non-fattening chocolate!
Hes trying to cut down on the number of cigarettes he smokes a day.

23

do without sth
/du wat sm/
drive sb away
/drav smbdi we/
get over sth
/get v sm/
give in
/gv n/
give sth in
/gv sm n/
hop down
/hp dan/

keep up with
/kip p w/
let sb down
/let smbdi dan/
light up
/lat p/
look sth up
/lk sm p/
pick sth up
/pk sm p/


put the phone down
/pt fn dan/
put sth off
/pt sm f/
run out of
/rn at v/
take sth up
/tek sm p/

faire sans qch

faire partir qn
sen remettre
cder
remettre qch
sauter en bas
rester au niveau de
laisser tomber qn
allumer
rechercher
ramasser qch (1)
apprendre (2)

reposer le tlphone
repousser qch
venir manquer (1)
se mettre
absorber, occuper (2)

Most smokers find it hard to do without cigarettes.

Smoking can help drive away annoying people!
If you get over something difficult or upsetting, you recover from it.
If you give in, you do something that you shouldnt.
Dont forget to give your homework in.
I hopped down from the doorstep and picked the cigarettes up from
the pavement.
Its not easy keeping up with all the latest diets.
If someone lets you down, they disappoint you.
When you light up, you light a cigarette or cigar.
Look the words up in a dictionary.
(Sense 1) He picked the cigarettes up from the pavement.
(Sense 2) Some people find it easier to pick up a new language than
others.
When he puts the phone down, he feels relieved.
I need to lose weight but I keep putting it off.
During Bens first expedition they ran out of food.
(Sense 1) When did you take up smoking?
(Sense 2) Work takes up a lot of most peoples lives.

WORD FORMATION
-able/-ible
accessible
/ksesb()l/
doable
/dubl/
edible
/edb()l/
enjoyable
/nb()l/
feasible
/fizb()l/

reasonable
/riz()nb()l/
unbearable
/nberb()l/

accessible
faisable
comestible
agrable
faisable

Prices that are accessible can be afforded by most people.

My Arctic expedition is just about doable, and thats whats exciting to me.
If food is not edible, it is not good enough to be eaten.
We spent a very enjoyable evening together.
My Arctic expedition is just about feasible, and thats whats exciting
to me.
Something that seems reasonable seems sensible.
I find very hot temperatures unbearable.

raisonnable
insupportable

selfself-belief (n)
/selfblif/

croyance en soi

Doing things that are risky or uncomfortable makes your self-belief

get stronger.
24

self-conscious (adj)
self-discipline (n)
self-employed (adj)

/selfkns/
/selfdspln/
/selfmpld/

intimid
auto-discipline
travailleur indpendant

I feel self-conscious when I speak English to a native speaker.

Self-discipline is the ability to make yourself do things that are difficult.
I dont like working for other people Id rather be self-employed.

par hasard
affirmation
aprs-rasage

If you do something accidentally, you do it without meaning to.

An affirmation is a statement that something is true.
Aftershave is a liquid with a pleasant smell that men put on their face
after shaving.
If you assume something, you think it is true even though you have no
proof that it is.
Some people are very attached to their superstitions.
Dad always backs out of the drive carefully.
Serena bounces the ball five times before the first serve.
If you break a jink, you stop something that is bringing you bad luck.
Someone who drives at breakneck speed drives extremely fast.
Nobody is allowed in the garage in case they accidentally brush
against the car.
If you chant something, you sing a word or phrase many times.
If you are choking you cannot breathe properly and are coughing
because of smoke or fumes.
If you come across someone, you meet them by chance.
Contrasting colours are colours such as black and white that are very
different from each other.
A convertible is a car with a roof that can be folded back or removed
completely.
A shower cubicle is a small, enclosed area where you can have a
shower.
A curse is a bad situation or event caused by someone who
deliberately uses magic powers.

Unit 5 (p.46)
accidentally (adv) (TS)
/ksdent()li/
affirmation (n)
/fmen/
aftershave (n)
/ftev/

assume (v)
/sjum/

be attached to sth
/bi tt tu/
back out (phr v)
/bk at/
bounce (v)
/bans/
break a jinx
/brek ks/
at breakneck speed
/t breknek spid/
brush against (phr v) (TS)
/br genst/

chant (v)
/nt/
choking (adj) (TS)
/k/

come across (phr v)
/km krs/
contrasting (adj)
/kntrst/

convertible (n)
/knvtb()l/

cubicle (n)
/kjubk()l/

curse (n)
/ks/

prsumer
tre attach qch
sortir en marche arrire
faire rebondir
rompre le malfice
une vitesse casse-cou
effleurer
psalmodier
touffer, strangler
rencontrer par hasard
contrast
dcapotable
cabine
mauvais sort

25

deep down (TS)

/dip dan/

derive from (phr v)
/drav frm/

devote (v)
/dvt/

fall back on sth (phr v)
/fl bk n sm/
first and foremost
/fst n fmst/

focus (v)
/fks/

formula (n)
/fmjl/
gig (n)
/gg/
go through (phr v)
/g ru/

idyllic (adj)
/dlk/
immune (adj)
/mjun/
inside out (adv)
/nsad at/

jinx (n)
/ks/
loopy (adj)
/lupi/
match (v)
/m/
mind game (n)
/mand gem/

national anthem (n)
/n()nl nm/
obsessive compulsive
/bsesv kmplsv
disorder (n)
dsd/
obsessively (adv)
/bsesvli/

opponent (n)
/pnnt/

opt (for) (v)
/pt (f)/

profondment
tirer son origine de
consacrer

se rabattre sur qch
en premier lieu
fixer son attention
formule
session, concert
accomplir
idyllique
immunis
lenvers
mauvais sort
loufoque
aller ensemble
manipulation
hymne national
trouble obsessionnel du
comportement
dune manire obsdante
adversaire
opter (pour)

26

If you feel something deep down, you feel it even though your
behaviour may not show it.
Some of Serenas confidence derives from the knowledge that shes a
super-talented player.
If you devote your time to doing something, you spend a lot of time
doing that thing.
Ana Ivanovic explains that she likes having rituals to fall back on.
A wedding, first and foremost, is a rite of passage to be shared with
family and close friends.
If you focus obsessively on one thing, you only think about or do that
thing.
Superstitions form part of Serenas winning formula.
A gig is a performance of live music.
If you go through a routine, ritual or procedure, you do a series of
actions regularly.
An idyllic situation is one that is perfect and makes you feel very happy.
If you are not immune to something, you are affected by it.
Something that is inside out has the inside part facing towards the
outside.
A jinx is something that causes bad luck.
Someone who is loopy is slightly crazy.
If things match, they look good or attractive together.
A mind game is a series of actions intended to affect how someone
thinks or feels.
A national anthem is the official national song of a country.
Obsessive compulsive disorder is a type of mental illness which makes
you repeat certain actions.
If you focus obsessively on one thing, you only think about or do that
thing.
An opponent in a game of sport is the person or team you are playing
against.
Some people dont want the stress of a big wedding and opt for a
low-key affair instead.

outfit (n)
/atft/

pat down (phr v) (TS)
/pt dan/
perfect (v)
/pfekt/
perfectionism (n)
/pfek()nzm/
pitch (n)
/p/

preside (over) (v)
/przad v/
procedure (n)
/prsi/

rational (adj)
/r()nl/
relentlessly (adv)
/rlentlsli/

be renowned for sth
/bi rnand f sm/

reportedly (adv)
/rptdli/
repulsive (adj) (TS)
/rplsv/
rife (adj)
/raf/
ritual (n)
/rul/
ritual-bound (adj)
/rulband/

ritualistic (adj)
/rulstk/
be on the road
/bi n rd/
run through (n)
/rn ru/
set off (phr v)
/set f/
shades (n pl)
/edz/
sit by (phr v)
/st ba/
skill (n)
/skl/
skinny (adj)
/skni/
slam (v)
/slm/
sneeze (v)
/sniz/
soloist (n)
/slst/
sought-after (adj)
/stft/

tenue
tapoter
parfaire
perfectionnisme
terrain
prsider
procdure
rationnel
sans rmission
tre connu pour qch
daprs ce quon dit
rpugnant
qui coure les rues
rituel
ritualiste
de manire rituelle
tre sur les routes
rptition
se mettre en route
lunettes de soleil
se tenir ct de
comptence
trs mince
claquer
ternuer
soliste
rclam

27

Some football fans wear the same clothing to a match if that outfit
brought victory in the previous game.
If you pat something down, you press it gently with your fingers.
If you perfect a skill, you practise it until it is perfect.
Perfectionism is the state of being perfect and without any mistakes.
A pitch is a flat area of ground used for playing sports such as cricket
or football.
If you preside over something, you are responsible or in charge of it.
Dad always goes through exactly the same procedure before setting
off in the car.
Someone who is rational is sensible and makes good decisions.
If you do something relentlessly, you do it again and again without
stopping.
If you are renowned for something, you are associated with it and well
known for it.
Beckham reportedly spends hours straightening the furniture at home.
Something that is repulsive is extremely unpleasant.
Something bad that is rife is very widespread and common.
A ritual is something that you do regularly and always in the same way.
Someone who is ritual-bound must do something regularly in order to
feel happy.
Victoria Beckham has had to get used to Davids ritualistic ways.
If you are on the road a lot, you travel a lot.
After the run through for the wedding, we were ready for the real thing.
When you set off, you start a journey.
Shades is an informal word that means 'sunglasses'.
If one building sits by another, it is situated next to that building.
A skill is the ability to do something, usually to do it well.
Someone who is skinny is very thin.
If you slam a door, you shut it hard, usually because you are angry.
Strong aftershave makes me want to sneeze.
'Elvis' is the most sought-after soloist in the Las Vegas wedding industry.
Someone who is sought-after is very popular.

a spare pair (n)

/ spe pe/
take sth a stage further
/tek sm ste f/

straighten (v)
/stret()n/

stick thin (adj)
/stk n/
What strikes me is ...
/wt straks mi z/
stride (v)
/strad/
superstition (n)
/supst()n/

superstitious (adj)
/supsts/
tap out (phr v) (TS)
/tp at/
thrash (v)
/r/
at the top of your game
/t tp v j gem/

track (n)
/trk/
tuck up (phr v) (TS)
/tk p/

two-pronged (adj)
/tuprd/

uneven (adj)
/niv()n/
have the upper hand
/hv i p hnd/
vandalise (v)
/vndlaz/

une paire de rserve

monter dun cran dans qch
redresser
mince comme un fil
Ce qui me frappe est ...
arpenter
superstition
superstitieux
dbourrer
battre plate couture
au meilleur de son jeu
morceau
border
deux dents
impair
avoir le dessus
saccager

Mums always losing her glasses she should get a spare pair!
Beckham takes his rituals a stage further as everything has to be just
right at home as well.
If you straighten something, you make it straight or put it in a straight
line.
Someone who is stick thin is extremely thin.
What strikes me is that so many celebrity marriages are short-lived.
If you stride somewhere, you walk there quickly and confidently.
A superstition is the belief that things such as magic or luck have the
power to affect your life.
A lot of sports people are very superstitious.
If you tap out tobacco, you put it in a pipe.
If you thrash an opponent at sport, you beat them very easily.
Someone who is at the top of their game is playing it better than
anyone else.
A track on a CD is a particular song.
When you tuck a child up, you put him or her into bed and put a
duvet or blankets round them.
Something that is two-pronged has two long, sharp points at the end
of it.
2,4,6,8 are even numbers; 1,3,5,7. are uneven numbers.
If you have the upper hand in a situation, you are in control of it.
If you vandalise something, you deliberately damage or destroy it.

USEFUL PHRASES
Things that annoy you
I cant stand it when ...
/a knt stnd t wen/

I find it irritating when ...
/a fand t rtet wen/
I hate it when ...
/a het t wen/
It really annoys me when ...
/t rli nz mi wen/

Je ne supporte pas quand ...

mnerve quand ...
Je dteste quand ...
magace vraiment quand
...

28

I cant stand it when people say they havent done any work for an
exam and then get top marks!
I find it irritating when people keep losing things.
I hate it when men wear too much aftershave.
It really annoys me when my brother and his girlfriend kiss in front of
me!

It really winds me up when ... /t rli wandz mi p

wen/
The thing that annoys me
/ t nz mi
most ...
mst/

me crispe vraiment
quand ...
La chose qui magace le plus
...

It really winds me up when people who are thin talk about how fat
they are.
The thing that annoys me most is people who talk but never listen.

me rend fou.
me rend malade.

Cest si agaant.
me tape vraiment sur les
nerfs.

It makes me mad when mum keeps losing her glasses!

It makes me sick when my brother and his girlfriend hug and kiss in
front of me!
She talks all the way through films. Its so annoying.
She complains all the time about being fat, and
shes stick thin. That really gets on my nerves.

alle centrale

The aisle is the long, narrow part of a church that you walk down
before you get married.
When a marriage is annulled, it is declared officially that it is no longer
legal.
The best man is a male friend who helps the groom at a wedding.
In the UK, its a ritual for the bride to throw a bouquet of flowers into
the crowd of guests.
Its traditional for Muslim brides to have their hands and feet
decorated in henna designs.
A bridesmaid is a girl or young woman who helps the bride at a
wedding.
The wedding ceremony was presided over by Ron DeCar, also known
as 'Elvis'.
Rebecca said shes only marry Mat if Elvis conducted the service.

How something makes you feel

It makes me mad.
/t meks mi md/
It makes me sick.
/t meks mi sk/

Its so annoying.
/ts s n/
That really gets on my nerves. /t rli gets n ma

nvz/

WEDDINGS
aisle (n)
/al/

annul (v)
/nl/

best man (n)
/best mn/
bouquet of flowers (n)
/buke v flaz/

bride (n)
/brad/

bridesmaid (n)
/bradzmed/

ceremony (n)
/sermni/

conduct a ceremony/service
/kndkt sermni/

svs/
confetti (n)
/knfeti/

drive-through chapel (n)
/dravru p()l/
elaborate (adj) (TS)
/lb()rt/

annuler
garcon dhonneur, tmoin
bouquet de fleurs
marie
demoiselle dhonneur
crmonie
conduire une crmonie/un
service
confetti
chapelle drive-in
compliqu

29

Confetti is small pieces of coloured paper that people throw in the air
at a wedding.
A drive-through chapel is one that you can travel through in your car.
Moroccan weddings are elaborate affairs and preparations take weeks.

exchange vows
/ksen vaz/

get married
/get mrd/
go out of fashion
/g at v f()n/
groom (n)
/grum/
henna (n)
/hen/
honeymoon (n)
/hnimun/
in-laws (n pl)
/nlz/
lavish (adj)
/lv/
limousine (n)
/lmzin/
low-key (adj)
/lki/

make a speech
/mek spi/
matrimonial (adj)
/mtrmnil/
modest (adj)
/mdst/

your nearest and dearest
/j nrst n drst/
No wonder there is/are ...
/n wnd er z//

once-in-a-lifetime
/wnsnlaftam/
package (n)
/pk/

photographer (n)
/ftgrf/

pin money on sth
/pn mni n sm/
pose (n)
/pz/
priest (n)
/prist/
pronounce you man and wife /prnans ju mn n

waf/
propose a toast
/prpz tst/


purify (v) (TS)
/pjrfa/

changer les serments

se marier
dont la mode se perd
mari
henn
lune de miel
beaux-parents
somptueux
limousine
discret
faire un discours
conjugal
modeste
vos proches et trs chers
Pas tonnant quil y est ...
une fois dans la vie
forfait
photographe
pingler des billets sur qch
pose
prtre
dclarer mari et femme
proposer un toast

purifier

30

When a couple exchange vows, they make promises to each other

during a wedding ceremony.
One in six couples now prefer to get married abroad.
In Britain, the traditional white wedding is going out of fashion.
The groom is the man who is getting married.
Henna is a red-brown substance used for colouring hair or skin.
A honeymoon is a holiday that a couple have after their wedding.
Your in-laws are the parents of your husband or wife.
A lavish wedding is one that is extremely expensive.
A limousine is a large, expensive, comfortable car.
A low-key wedding is one that does not cost a lot of money and to
which not many guests are invited.
Its traditional for the groom and best man to make a speech.
Matrimonial is a word that means 'relating to a wedding or marriage'.
A modest wedding is one that does not cost a lot of money and to
which not many guests are invited.
Your 'nearest and dearest' is an expression meaning your family.
Millions of people get married in Vegas no wonder there are
wedding chapels round every corner.
Honeymoons are a once-in-a-lifetime holiday.
The wedding package in Las Vegas included limo, video, three songs
and twenty-four photos.
Wedding photographers are people who are paid to take photographs
at weddings.
At Muslim weddings, guests pin money on the bridegrooms suit.
A pose is another word for a 'photograph'.
A priest is a person who conducts the service during a religious wedding.
'I now pronounce you man and wife' are the words that are said at
the end of a wedding ceremony.
When the best man proposes a toast, he says that the guests at a
wedding reception should drink together to send best wishes to the
bride and groom.
In Morocco, the bride has a milk bath, which is supposed to purify her.

reception (n)
/rsep()n/
ring (n)
/r/

rite of passage (n)
/rat v ps/

separate (v)
/sepret/

short-lived (adj)
/tlvd/
superstretch limo (n)
/supstre lm/
throw rice
/r ras/

tie the knot
/ta nt/
veil (n)
/vel/
vow (n)
/va/
walk (sb) down the aisle
/wk dan i al/
wedding cake (n)
/wed kek/

wedding present (n)
/wed prez()nt/
white wedding (n)
/wat wed/

worldly goods (n pl) (TS)
/wldli gdz/

rception
alliance, bague

rite de passage
se sparer
qui dure peu
limousine rallonge
jeter du riz
lier par le mariage
voile
serment
mener (qn) lautel
gteau de mariage

cadeau de mariage
mariage en blanc
biens matriels

A wedding reception is a formal party after a wedding.

A wedding ring is a piece of jewellery that someone who is married
wears on their finger.
A rite of passage is a ceremony that marks an important stage in
someones life.
Rene Zellwegger and her husband separated after four months of
marriage.
Celebrities are renowned for their short-lived marriages.
A superstretch limo is a large, expensive car that is very long.
Sometimes guests throw rice over the bride and groom as they leave
the church.
'Tie the knot' is an informal expression meaning to get married.
A veil is a thin piece of material worn over a womans face.
A vow is a promise that you make to someone when you marry them.
Fathers are often very proud to walk their daughters down the aisle.
A wedding cake is a special cake that is eaten during a wedding
reception.
The crystal vase was a wedding present from friends.
A white wedding is a traditional wedding where the bride is dressed
in white.
Worldly goods are your possessions.

Unit 6 (p.56)
abandon (v)
/bndn/

alarming (adj)
/lm/
alert (v)
/lt/

approximate (adj)
/prksmt/

abandonner

If you abandon someone or something, you leave it and no longer care

about it.
Alarming means 'very frightening'.
If you alert someone to something, you do something to make them
realise what is happening.
An approximate figure or size is one that is close to a particular figure
or size, but not exact.

alarmant
alerter
approximatif

31

archaic (adj)
/kek/
avoidable (adj)
/vdb()l/
backlash (n)
/bkl/

bee (n)
/bi/
bird flu (n)
/bd flu/
bulge (v)
/bl/
cancer (n)
/kns/

chilled (adj)
/ld/
clean up (phr v)
/klin p/
climate change (n)
/klamt en/

coffin (n)
/kfn/
combined (adj)
/kmband/

come out (phr v)
/km at/

Compliments to the chef.
/kmplmnts t ef/

compromise (v)
/kmprmaz/
conduct a study
/kndkt stdi/

confined space (n)
/knfand spes/
consume (v)
/knsjum/
consumption (n)
/knsmp()n/
contributor (n)
/kntrbjt/
convincing (adj)
/knvns/
corked (adj)
/kkt/
cram (v)
/krm/
cruelty (n)
/krulti/
deprive sb of sth (phr v)
/dprav smbdi

sm/

archaque
vitable
raction brutale
abeille
grippe aviaire
exorbiter
cancer
glac, frapp
nettoyer
rchauffement climatique
cercueil
combin
tre russi
Flicitations au chef.
compromettre
mener une tude
espace restreint
consommer
consommation
facteur
convainquant
bouchonn (vin)
entasser
cruaut
enlever qch qn

32

Archaic means ' very old or old-fashioned'.

Something that is avoidable could be stopped and should not happen.
A backlash against something is a strong reaction against something
you do not like.
A bee is a yellow and black insect that produces honey.
Bird flu is a dangerous disease that affects both birds and people.
If your eyes bulge, they stick out and look bigger than usual.
Cancer is a dangerous disease that affects different parts of the body
and can kill you.
Chilled wine is very cold.
Wall-E is a robot who cleans up the polluted planet.
Climate change is the changes that people think are making the
weather in the world warmer.
A coffin is a box in which you put the body of a dead person.
The meat industry produces more greenhouse gases than all the cars,
trains and planes in the world combined.
If something you cook comes out well, it is very well cooked and good
to eat.
'Compliments to the chef' is an expression you use to say how much
you have enjoyed someones cooking.
Vegetarians believe that eating meat compromises their beliefs.
The study into food waste was conducted by the Waste & Resources
Action Programme.
Confined spaces are places where there is not enough room to move.
If you consume food or drink, you eat or drink it.
The consumption of bottled water has increased.
Water bottles are a major contributor to global warming.
Something that is convincing seems true or good.
Corked wine tastes unpleasant because the cork in the bottle is damaged.
Animals are treated badly and crammed into confined spaces.
Ive stopped eating meat because Im against cruelty to animals.
If you are deprived of something, you do not get enough of it.

developing countries (n pl)

/dvelp kntriz/
diabetes (n)
/dabitiz/

discard (v)
/dskd/
discarded (adj)
/dskdd/
disguise yourself (v refl)
/dzgaz jself/

dispose of sth (phr v)
/dspz v sm/
do your bit
/du j bt/
dump (v)
/dmp/



electric shock (n)
/lektrk k/

eliminate (v)
/lmnet/

emissions (n pl)
/m()nz/

emit (v)
/mt/
encounter (v)
/nkant/
energy-saving (adj)
/enisev/
estimate (v)
/estmet/

expire (v)
/kspa/
fatten up (phr v)
/ft()n p/
fin (n)
/fn/
findings (n pl)
/fandz/
flirt (with) (v)
/flt w/
foot-and-mouth (n)
/ftnma/

fuel-efficient (adj)
/fjulf()nt/

pays mergents
diabte
jeter
jetes
se dguiser

se dfaire de qch
fournir sa part deffort
jeter (qch) (1)
plaquer (qn) (2)

choc lectrique
liminer
missions de gaz
mettre
rencontrer
basse consommation
estimer
expirer
engraisser
nageoire
rsultats
flirter (avec)
fivre aphteuse
basse consommation de
carburant

33

Developing countries are countries that are poor.

Diabetes is a medical condition in which your body cannot reduce the
amount of sugar in your blood.
When you discard something, you throw it away.
Discarded water bottles release dangerous substances into the air.
If you disguise yourself, you wear something that hides your real
appearance.
When you dispose of something, you throw it away.
If you do your bit, you make an effort to help.
(Sense 1) If you dump something, you get rid of something that is no
longer wanted or needed.
(Sense 2) If you dump someone, you end a romantic relationship with
them in an unkind way.
An electric shock is a sudden pain that you feel if your body comes
into contact with electricity.
If you eliminate meat from your diet, youre less likely to get heart
disease.
Car, train and plane emissions are one of the biggest causes of
greenhouse gases.
Cars, trains and planes all emit polluting gases.
Can you remember the worst waiter youve ever encountered?
Energy-saving light bulbs use less electricity.
The study estimated that the average UK household throws away 18%
of all food purchased.
I prefer not to eat food once the 'best before' date has expired.
If you fatten an animal up, you feed it so it gets fatter.
A fin is the flat, thin part of a fish.
The findings of a study are its results or the things it discovers.
She was furious when her boyfriend started flirting with the waitress.
Foot-and-mouth is a very infectious disease that affects sheep, cows
and pigs.
A fuel-efficient car does not use much petrol.

fuel-intensive (adj)

/fjulntensv/

fussy (adj)
/fsi/

genetically altered (adj)
/netkli ltd/

gesture (n)
/es/
global warming (n)
/glb()l wm/
greenhouse gases (n pl)
/grinhas gsz/

grind pepper
/grand pep/
hazardous (adj)
/hzds/
be in the headlines
/bi n hedlanz/

heart disease (n)
/ht dziz/

imaginary (adj)
/mnri/
in date
/n det/
incinerator (n)
/nsnret/
intrusive (adj) (TS)
/ntrusv/

landfill (n)
/lndfl/
lapse (v)
/lps/
launch (v)
/ln/
ligature (n)
/lg/
light bulb (n)
/lat blb/
loosely (adv)
/lusli/
manufacturing (n)
/mnjfkr/

maximise (v)
/mksmaz/
make mental notes
/mek ment()l nts
about sth (TS)
bat sm/
mime (n)
/mam/

haute consommation de
carburant
tatillon

Fuel-intensive machines or activities use large amounts of gas, petrol etc.

mime

A mime is a series of actions that imitate something.

Friends treat me as an eccentric animal-lover with a fussy attitude to

food.
gntiquement modifi
A genetically altered animal has had substances in its body changed to
achieve a particular purpose.
geste
People sometimes use hand gestures to communicate.
rchauffement plantaire
Global warming is the increase in the Earths temperature.
gaz effet de serre
Car, train and plane emissions are one of the biggest causes of
greenhouse gases.
moudre du poivre
When you grind pepper, you break it into smaller pieces.
risqu
Hazardous substances are dangerous.
faire la une
When something is in the headlines, it is talked about a lot in

newspapers or on TV.
tre cardiaque
If you eliminate meat from your diet, youre less likely to get heart
disease.
imaginaire
Something that is imaginary is made to look real although it is not.
dans les dates de premption Food that is 'in date' is fresh enough to be eaten.
incinrateur
Plastic water bottles are burned in industrial incinerators.
indiscret
Someone who is intrusive asks too many questions or becomes too

involved in something.
dcharge, dpt
A landfill is a large hole in the ground where rubbish is buried.
manquer /scarter de
If you lapse, you stop doing something that you should do or want to do.
lancer
If you launch something, you officially start or introduce it.
ligature, lien
A ligature is a piece of material that you tie round something.
ampoule lectrique
Energy-saving light bulbs use less electricity.
de manire lche
If you hold something loosely, you do not hold it very tight.
fabrication
The manufacturing of plastic bottles requires large amounts of

petroleum.
maximiser
All companies want to maximise profits.
prendre note dans sa tte
If you make mental notes about something, you try hard to remember it.

34

mimic (v)
/mmk/

minimise (v)
/mnmaz/
the moral high ground
/ mrl ha grand/

needlessly (adv)
/nidlsli/

be off sick
/bi f sk/
overbooked (adj)
/vbkt/
overcook (v)
/vkk/
over-crowded (adj)
/vkradd/
overdone (adj)
/vdn/
the overwhelming majority
/i vwelm mrti/
pepper mill (n)
/pep ml/
PIN number (n)
/pn nmb/

Theres no point doing sth.
/ez n pnt n

du sm/
portion (n)
/pn/
posh (adj)
/p/
programme (v)
/prgrm/
be prone to
/bi prn tu/
punch in (phr v)
/pn n/

purchase (v)
/ps/
ready meal (n)
/redi mil/

reciprocate (v)
/rsprket/

regulations (n pl)
/regjle()nz/
release (v)
/rlis/
request (v)
/rkwest/
reveal (v)
/rvil/

simuler
minimiser
le haut niveau de moralit
inutilement
tre port malade
surbook
dpasser le temps de cuisson
surpeupl
trop cuit
la majorit crasante
moulin poivre
code secret

Il ny a aucune de raison de
faire qch.
portion
chic
programmer
tre enclin
taper
acqurir
plat prpar

payer de retour
rglement
relcher
rclamer
rvler

35

People used to mimic signing a cheque when they wanted the bill in a
restaurant.
Companies are always trying to minimise their costs.
If someone takes the moral high ground, they think they are a better
person than you.
3.6m tonnes of food is needlessly thrown away in England and Wales
each year.
When people are off sick, they do not go to work because they are ill.
The restaurants overbooked and there are two waiters off sick!
Its very easy to overcook rice.
Keeping animals in overcrowded conditions is cruel.
If a steak is overdone, it has been cooked for too long.
The overwhelming majority of plastic water bottles arent recycled.
A pepper mill is a piece of equipment used for adding pepper to food.
A PIN number is a personal number that you put into a cash machine
when you want to get money.
Theres no point driving a fuel-efficient car if you eat meat every day
of your life.
A portion of food is enough for one person.
Posh means 'expensive and fashionable'.
Wall-E is a robot who has been programmed to clean up the planet.
People who eat a lot of meat are more prone to serious illnesses.
By stabbing the palm of your hand with your fingers, you are miming
the act of punching in your PIN number.
Purchase is a slightly formal word meaning 'buy'.
A ready meal is one that you buy that is already cooked and can be
put straight into the oven.
If you reciprocate someones feelings, you have the same feelings for
them as they have for you.
Regulations are official rules.
Factories create toxic waste and release it into the environment.
Holding your hands a small distance apart is a way of requesting the bill.
The study revealed that 9 billion of avoidable food waste was
disposed of each year.

roll-over (adj)
/rlv/

rotate (v)
/rtet/
seasoning (n)
/siz()n/
see the light of day
/si lat v de/
ship (v)
/p/
shortage (n)
/t/

shun (v)
/n/
simulate (v)
/smjlet/
simultaneously (adv)
/smltenisli/
skip (v)
/skp/
slaughter (v)
/slt/
soggy (adj)
/sgi/
spread (n)
/spred/

squash (v)
/skw/
squat down (phr v) (TS)
/skwt dan/

squeeze (v)
/skwiz/
stab (v)
/stb/
staggering (adj)
/stgr/
be starving
/bi stv/
stay off (phr v)
/ste f/
stroke (n)
/strk/
substitute (v)
/sbsttjut/

suburban (adj)
/sbbn/
suffering (n)
/sfr/
swell (v)
/swel/
throw away (phr v)
/r we/
tip (v)
/tp/
tooth decay (n)
/tu dke/

enroul
faire tourner
assaisonnement
voir la lumire du jour
expdier par mer
pnurie
viter
simuler
simultanment
sauter
abattre
dtremp
propagation
craser
saccroupir
presser
frapper
renversant
tre affam
sabstenir
congestion crbrale
substituer
de banlieue
souffrance
enfler
jeter
donner un pourboire
carie, avarie des dents

36

If you make a roll-over gesture with your hand, you move one hand
over the other in a circular movement.
If you rotate something, you move it in a circle.
Salt and pepper are both types of seasoning.
Animals who dont see the light of day live in dark conditions.
If products are shipped somewhere, they travel to a place by ship.
When you think of food shortages in some countries, wasting food is
very shocking.
If you shun something, you avoid it.
If you simulate something, you pretend to do something.
Two things that happen simultaneously happen at the same time.
If you skip a meal, you do not have it.
Animals are slaughtered for their meat.
Something that is soggy is wet in an unpleasant way.
Animals are kept in conditions ideal for the spread of diseases such as
bird flu.
If you squash something, you press it hard.
If you squat down, you bend your knees towards the ground so you
are balancing on your feet.
If you squeeze two things together, you press them together hard.
Stab the palm of your hand to mimic punching in your PIN number.
A staggering fact or amount is one that is very surprising.
People who are starving do not have enough food to eat.
If you stay off something, you do not consume it.
A stroke is a medical condition in which blood does not reach the brain.
If you substitute one thing for another, you use it instead of the other
thing.
A suburban restaurant is away from the centre of a town or city.
She became a vegetarian because she hated animal suffering.
If one thing swells another, it makes it bigger.
The British public throw away an alarming amount of food.
If you tip someone, you give them a small amount of extra money.
Tooth decay is the gradual destruction of your teeth.

toxic waste (n)

/tksk west/
toxin (n)
/tksn/
tremble (v)
/trembl/
sbs true love
/smbdz tru lv/
untouched (adj)
/ntt/
upright (adj)
/prat/
use by/best before date (n)
/juz ba/best bf det/

vast (adj)
/vst/
virtually (adv)
/vli/

wastefulness (n)
/westf()lns/
wear down (phr v)
/we dan/
welfare (n)
/welfe/
wig (n)
/wg/

dchets toxiques
toxine
trembler
le grand amour de qn
intacte
daplomb
consommer de prfrence
jusquau/avant le
vaste
de fait
gaspillage
user
bien-tre
perruque

Factories produce toxic waste that harms the environment.

Toxins are poisonous substances.
If part of your body trembles, it shakes slightly.
Someones true love is the person they love the most.
60% of all food waste is untouched.
Something that is in an upright position is in a tall and straight position.
The use-by or best before date is the date before which food should
be eaten.
Vast means 'extremely large'.
Discarded water bottles are causing problems in virtually every country
in the world.
Food wastefulness is shocking.
If you wear something down, you use it so much it becomes damaged.
People who are interested in animal welfare care about animals.
A wig is artificial hair that you wear on your head.

PARTS OF THE BODY

bend your elbows/legs/knees /bend j elbz/legz/ niz/

clench your fist/hands
/klen j fst/hndz/
hold your hand up
/hld j hnd p/
hold your head up
/hld j hed p/

hold your thumb up
/hld j m p/

clench your teeth
/klen j ti/

index finger
/ndeks fg/
palm of your hand
/pm v j hnd/
shake your finger
/ek j fg/
shake your fist
/ek j fst/
shake your head
/ek j hed/

plier les coudes/jambes/

genoux
serrer le poing/les mains
lever la main
relever la tte
lever le pouce en lair
serrer les dents
index
paume de la main
agiter le doigt
menacer du poing
faire non de la tte

37

If you bend your elbows, legs or knees, you stretch them into a curved
position.
If you clench your fist or hands, you press it/them closely together.
If you hold your hand up, you put it in the air.
If you hold your head up, you look straight ahead and do not look
down.
If you hold your thumb up, you put it in the air, often to show that
you approve of something.
If you clench your teeth, you press them together because you are
angry or upset.
Your index finger is the finger next to your thumb.
The palm of your hand is the flat part on the inside of your hand.
If you shake your finger, you move it about.
If you shake your fist, you move your hand, often because you are angry.
If you shake your head, you move it from side to side, often as a way
of saying 'no'.

stick your chest out

/stk j est at/

stick your leg out
/stk j leg at/
stick your tongue out
/stk j t at/

raise your arm/hand
/rez jr m/hnd/
raise your eyebrows
/rez jr abraz/

bomber la poitrine

allonger les jambes
tirer la langue
lever le bras/la main en lair
lever les sourcils

If you stick your chest out, you walk in a way that pushes it out at the
front of your body.
If you stick your leg out, you stretch it in front of you.
If you stick your tongue out, you push it out of your mouth, usually as
way of being rude to someone.
If you raise your arm or hand, you put it in the air.
If you raise your eyebrows, you move them upwards, often to show
you are surprised.

FOOD
Collocations
fast food (n)
/fst fud/
organic food (n)
/gnk fud/
plain food (n)
/plen fud/
rich food (n)
/r fud/
stodgy food (n)
/sti fud/
vegetarian food (n)
/veterin fud/
gourmet meal (n)
/gme mil/
heavy/light meal (n)
/hevi/lat mil/

ready-made meal (n)
/redimed mil/

square meal (n)
/skwe mil/
three-course meal (n)
/riks mil/
vegetarian meal (n)
/veterin mil/
cold dish (n)
/kld d/
fish dish (n)
/f d/
local dish (n)
/lk()l d/
main dish (n)
/men d/
regional dish (n)
/ri()nl d/
serving dish (n)
/sv d/
vegetarian dish (n)
/veterin d/
dessert plate (n)
/dzt plet/

fast food
aliments bio
nourriture simple
nourriture riche
aliment bourratif
nourriture vgtarienne
repas gourmet
repas lourd/lger

plat prpar
repas convenable
repas avec trois plats
repas vgtarien
plat froid
plat de poisson
plat typique
plat principal
plat rgional
plat de service
plat vgtarien
assiette dessert

38

Fast food is food that is made and served very quickly.

Organic food is produced without artificial chemicals.
Plain food is simple and not exotic.
Rich food is contains a lot of butter, cream or eggs.
Stodgy food is solid and not pleasant to eat.
Vegetarian food is food that does not contain meat or fish.
A gourmet meal consists of food of a very high quality.
A heavy meal makes your stomach feel very full; a light meal does not
make your stomach feel full.
A ready-made meal is one that you buy that is already cooked and can
be put straight into the oven.
A square meal is a large meal that satisfies you when you feel hungry.
A three-course meal consists of a starter, main course and dessert.
A vegetarian meal does not contain meat or fish.
A cold dish has been cooked but is not eaten hot.
A fish dish consists mainly of fish.
A local dish is one that is eaten a lot in the region or area where you are.
A main dish is the one you eat after a starter and before a dessert.
A regional dish is one that is eaten a lot in a particular region.
A serving dish is a large plate or dish that you serve food from.
A vegetarian dish does not contain meat or fish.
A dessert plate is one that you eat a dessert on.

dinner plate (n)

/dn plet/
side plate (n)
/sad plet/
bland flavour
/blnd flev/
distinctive flavour
/dstktv flev/
subtle flavour
/st()l flev/
unmistakable flavour
/nmstekb()l flev/

la carte menu (n)
/ l kt menju/
extensive menu
/kstenv menju/
set menu (n)
/set menju/

grande assiette
petite assiette
saveur douce
got distinctif
saveur subtile
saveur nettement
reconnaissable
menu la carte
trs grand menu
menu fixe

A dinner plate is a large plate that you eat a main course on.
A side plate is a small plate that you put a piece of bread on.
Food that has a bland flavour does not have much taste.
Food that has a distinctive flavour tastes unusual.
Food that has a subtle flavour has a delicate, pleasant flavour.
Food that has an unmistakable flavour has a flavour that is easy to
recognise.
An la carte menu has dishes that are priced separately.
An extensive menu has a large choice of dishes.
A set menu offers a limited choice of dishes for a fixed price.

le mieux depuis linvention

du fil couper le beurre
un gros lgume
passer de la pommade qn
rougir comme une pivoine

If you think that someone or something is the best thing since sliced
bread, you think they are very good.
A big cheese is someone who is very important.
If you butter someone up, you are very nice to them.
If you go as red as a beetroot, your face goes very red because you
are embarrassed or ashamed.
If you feel a real lemon, you feel very stupid.
If someone is as nice as pie, they are very polite or charming.
If you pay peanuts for something, you pay a very small amount of
money for something.
If something goes pear-shaped, it goes very wrong.
A situation that is a recipe for disaster is one in which things will go
very wrong.
If you take something with a pinch of salt, you only believe part of
what you hear.
A smart cookie is someone who is very intelligent.
If you spill the beans, you tell someone something that is secret.
If you feel you have to walk on eggshells, you feel you have to be very
careful.

Idioms
the best thing since
/ best sns slast
sliced bread
bred/
a big cheese
/ bg iz/
butter sb up
/bt smbdi p/
go as red as a beetroot
/g z red z bitrut/

feel a real lemon
/fil rl lemn/
as nice as pie
/z nas z pa/
pay peanuts
/pe pints/

pear-shaped
/peept/
a recipe for disaster
/ respi f dzst/

take sth with a pinch of salt
/tek sm w

pn v slt/
a smart cookie
/ smt kki/
spill the beans
/spl binz/
walk on eggshells
/wk n egelz/

se sentir gourde
croquer
payer des clopinettes

vou lchec
catastrophe assure
prendre qch avec des
rserves
un type fut
vendre la mche
marcher sur des oeufs

LINKERS
although

/l/

bien que

Although hes rich he seems unhappy.

39

and
(weak) /n/ (weak) /nd/

(strong) /nd/
but
/bt/
consequently
/knskwntli/

even though
/iv()n /
finally
/fan()li/
furthermore
/fm/

however
/haev/

in other words
/n wdz/

On balance ...
/n blns/
or
//

as a result
/z rzlt/
secondly
/sekn(d)li/

so
/s/

To sum up ...
/t sm p/

What is more ...
/wt z m/

et

Being a vegetarian isnt easy and Im in danger of lapsing.

mais
par consquent

Being a vegetarian isnt easy but Im glad I did it.

Animals are kept in overcrowded conditions. Consequently disease
spreads quickly.
Even though there is enough food for everyone, people are still starving.
Finally, I became a vegetarian for health reasons.
If you dont eat meat youre less likely to have heart disease.
Furthermore, vegetarians are less likely to develop cancer.
Cars, trains and planes produce a lot of greenhouse gases. However,
the meat industry is worse than all of them put together.
You use the expression 'in other words' to introduce another way of
expressing something.
On balance, Im very happy to be a vegetarian.
Im a vegetarian or, as a friend put it, I no longer eat anything with a
face or a fin.
Conditions are overcrowded. As a result disease spreads quickly.
'Secondly' is a word you use to introduce the second point in a
discussion or argument.
The food industry is focused on profits and so they dont care about
animal welfare.
To sum up, if you cant be a vegetarian, cutting down on meat and fish
is a good start.
'What is more' is an expression that you use to introduce another
point in a discussion or argument.

malgr que
finalement
en outre
cependant
en dautres mots

Tout compte fait ...
ou
comme rsultat
deuximement
ainsi
En rsum ...
Qui plus est ...

Review B
for ages
disastrous (adj)
intrepid (adj)

/fr ez/
/dzstrs/
/ntrepd/

pendant une ternit

dsastreux
intrpide

40

If you have done something for ages, you have done it for a long time.
Something that is disastrous has very bad results.
Someone who is intrepid is brave and not afraid to take risks.

march (v)
/m/

purposefully (adv)
/ppsf()li/
scream (v)
/skrim/

marcher dun pas nergique

dans un but prcis
crier

If you march somewhere, you walk there quickly and in a determined

way.
If you do something purposefully, you do it in a determined way.
If you scream, you suddenly shout or make a loud noise because you
are frightened.

Unit 7 (p.66)
be in agony (TS)
/bi n gni/
arty (adj)
/ti/
attachment (n)
/tmnt/
beyond the reach of ...
/bjnd ri v/

boast (v)
/bst/

bookish (adj)
/bk/
be bound to do sth
/bi band t du sm/
cable car (n)
/keb()l k/
caring (adj)
/ker/
city dweller (n)
/sti dwel/
click (n)
/klk/
compulsory (adj) (TS)
/kmplsri/
crisp (adj)
/krsp/
be one of the crowd
/bi wn v krad/

culture vulture (n)
/kl vl/

cycling shorts (n pl)
/sakl ts/

demanding (adj)
/dmnd/
devilish (adj)
/dev()l/

souffrir le martyre
qui a des gots artistiques
attachement
hors datteinte/de porte ...
se glorifier (de qch)
studieux
tre tenu de faire qch
funiculaire
attentionne
citadins
dclic
obligatoire
frais
faire partie de la masse
lche-culture
cycliste
exigeant
diabolique

41

After the first days cycling my bottom was in agony!

Arty people are interested in things such as painting, music and theatre.
I just dont understand the British attachment to the seaside.
If someone is beyond the reach of reason, they are not sensible or
balanced.
If a city or place boasts a well-known landmark or area, that landmark
or area is admired by other people.
Someone who is bookish enjoys studying and reading books.
A jokey card is bound to raise a smile.
A cable car is a small vehicle that takes people up and down mountains.
A caring person is kind and helpful towards other people.
City dwellers are people who live in cities.
The man was sleeping but the click of the camera woke him up.
If something is compulsory, the rules say you have to do it.
Crisp air is cool and refreshing in a pleasant way.
If you dont want to be one of the crowd, you want people to realise
that you are different from or better than other people.
A culture vulture is a person who is interested in sightseeing and
learning about things.
Cycling shorts are tight shorts that go down to your knee worn for
riding a bike.
A demanding person always wants your attention.
Devilish behaviour is difficult or causes problems.

disturbing (adj)
/dstb/
double-check (v)
/dblek/

downright (adv)
/danrat/
doze (v)
/dz/
emerge (v)
/m/
endless (adj)
/endls/

exhibit (n)
/gzbt/

the final straw
/ fan()l str/

a fleet of boats
/ flit v bts/

flowery (adj)
/flari/
frankly (adv)
/frkli/
go down (phr v)
/g dan/
go out of your way
/g at v j we/
go wrong
/g r/
be a handful
/bi hndfl/
head (for) (v)
/hed (f)/
heartbreaking (adj)
/htbrek/
hellish (adj)
/hel/
humourless (adj)
/hjumls/
image-conscious (adj)
/mkns/

indecisive (adj)
/ndsasv/
inseparable (adj)
/nsepr()bl/

irresistible (adj)
/rzstbl/
irresponsible (adj)
/rspnsbl/
joker (n)
/k/
jokey (adj)
/ki/

perturbant
revrifier
tout fait
sommeiller
dboucher, sortir
sans fin
dmonstration
la goutte deau qui fait
dborder le vase
une flotte de navires
fleuri, orn
franchement
se laisser boire
scarter de son chemin
faire erreur
tre isne poigne
se diriger (vers)
qui brise le coeur
infernal
sans humour
qui soigne son image
indcis
insparable
irrsistible
irresponsable
joker
blagueur

42

Something that is disturbing shocks people.

If you double-check something, you check it a second time to make
sure it is right.
That wasnt just foolish it was downright irresponsible!
If someone dozes, they sleep for a short time.
When you emerge from a place, you finally leave it.
The children have endless competitions to see who can behave in the
most devilish way!
I was so sunburned a dermatologist invited me to a convention as an
exhibit!
The final straw is the last of a series of events that makes someone
feel very angry or upset.
A fleet of boats is a group of boats owned by the same person or
organization.
Flowery language contains a lot of complicated words.
Frankly, I have never understood the British attachment to the seaside.
If a drink goes down well, you swallow it and enjoy it.
Arty people go out of their way to find unusual postcards.
You cant go wrong with a pint of Guinness!
Children who are a handful are difficult to control.
In summer a lot of people head for the coast.
Something that is heartbreaking is extremely sad.
A hellish experience is very difficult or unpleasant.
Someone who is humourless is too serious.
An image-conscious person cares about what people think of them
and their appearance.
Someone who is indecisive cannot make decisions.
Gill and Ash spent the rest of the holiday together and became
inseparable.
Someone who is irresistible is very attractive.
That wasnt just foolish it was downright irresponsible!
A joker is someone who enjoys jokes and having fun.
Something that is jokey is amusing.

juicy (adj)
/usi/
legacy (n)
/legsi/

long-winded (adj)
/lwndd/
love the sound of your
/lv sand v jr
own voice
n vs/
have a nap
/hv np/
nibble (at)
/nbl (t) /
nip (v)
/np/
no-nonsense (adj)
/nnnsns/

observation (n)
/bzven/
padded (adj) (TS)
/pdd/

parking permit (n)
/pk pmt/

parking restrictions (n pl)
/pk rstrk()nz/

playful (adj)
/plefl/
the prospect of
/ prspekt v/
put your foot down
/pt j ft dan/
raise a smile
/rez smal/
range in age
/ren n e/
relentless (adj)
/rlentls/

have right of way
/hv rat v we/
saying (n)
/se/
seafront (n)
/sifrnt/
serenely (adv)
/srinli/
shade (n)
/ed/
sharp (adj)
/p/
soak up (phr v)
/sk p/
soothingly (adv)
/suli/

moelleux
legs
avec redondance
aimer scouter parler
faire une sieste
grignoter
pincer
qui est trs carr
observation
rembourr
autorisation de
stationnement
rgles de stationnement
enjou
la perspective de
opposer un refus
produire un sourire
schelonner en ge
sans rmission
avoir priorit
proverbe, dicton
partie face la mer
avec srnit
ombre
coupant
absorber
avec douceur

43

A juicy steak is tasty and contains a lot of juice.

A legacy is something that you leave to someone or something after
you have died.
A long-winded description contains too much complicated language.
Someone who loves the sound of their own voice, enjoys talking rather
than listening.
Im tired Im going to have a nap.
If you nibble something, you take small bites out of it.
The dog nipped me on the hand for eating his sandwich.
A no-nonsense person does things quickly and effectively without
worrying.
Observations are comments that someone makes about something.
Padded cycling shorts have thick material at the back that protects
your bottom.
A parking permit is a document that allows you to park in a particular
place.
Parking restrictions are official rules that say where you are allowed to
park and for how long.
A playful gesture is friendly and funny.
The author hates the prospect of a day on the beach.
If you put your foot down, you refuse to do something.
A jokey card is bound to raise a smile.
My children range in age from 6 months to 5 years old.
A relentless activity is one that never stops, especially in a way that is
annoying.
Cyclists and pedestrians have right of way over car drivers.
A saying is a well-known phrase or expression.
The seafront is the part of a town or city that looks out over the sea.
If you say something serenely, you say it quietly and calmly.
Its too hot here. Lets find a place in the shade.
A sharp object is pointed.
If you soak up culture or a lifestyle, you enjoy learning about it.
'Dont worry,' my wife said soothingly.

sort out (phr v)

/st at/
stick (v)
/stk/
summarise (v)
/smraz/
surrender (v)
/srend/

survey the scene
/sve sin/
tacky (adj)
/tki/
take a drive
/tek drav/
take sth seriously
/tek sm srisli/
tasteful (adj)
/tes(t)f()l/
tasteless (adj)
/tes(t) ls/
tearful (adj)
/tf()l/
tender (adj)
/tend/
there and then (TS)
/er n en/
thoughtful (adj)
/tf()l/
time-conscious (adj)
/tamkns/

unadventurous (adj)
/ndvenrs/
undivided attention (n)
/ndvadd tenn/
unseasonably (adj) (TS)
/nsiznbli/

unwilling (adj)
/nwl/
watch the world go by
/w wld g ba/

water-colour (n)
/wtkl/

well-informed (adj)
/welnfmd/
winding (adj)
/wand/

dbrouiller
piquer, enfoncer
rsumer
se rendre

passer (la situation) en revue
mal fagot
aller en voiture
prendre qch au srieux
de bon got
de mauvais got
larmoyant
tendre
ici et maintenant
plein dgards
ponctuel
routinier
attention complte
qui nest pas de saison
peu dispos
savourer le temps qui passe
aquarelle
bien inform
qui serpente

If you sort out a problem, you solve it.

The children spent the journey sticking sharp objects into each other.
If you summarise something, you describe it in a few words.
If someone surrenders, they agree to do something that you ask or
persuade them to do.
When you survey the scene, you look at or think about a situation.
Tacky means the same as 'tasteless'.
Last weekend my wife suggested that we take a drive to the sea.
Bookish people take life rather seriously.
A tasteful postcard is one that is attractive and elegant.
A tasteless postcard is cheap and not attractive.
If you feel tearful, you want to cry.
A tender steak is soft and easy to cut and eat.
If you do something there and then, you do it immediately.
A thoughtful person cares about other peoples feelings.
If you are time-conscious, you are aware that you must do things
quickly without taking too much time.
Someone who is unadventurous does not like doing new things.
Children like to have your undivided attention.
If temperatures are unseasonably warm, they are warmer than usual
at a particular time of year.
If you are unwilling to do something, you do not want to do it.
If you watch the world go by, you sit and relax, for example at a caf,
and watch people walk past.
A water-colour is a painting that has been done with paint mixed with
water.
Someone who is well-informed knows a lot about things.
Its not easy driving in the city centre because of the narrow, winding
streets.

THE SEASIDE
bucket and spade (n)
/bkt n sped/
candy floss (n)
/kndi fls/

seau et pelle
barbe papa

Children enjoy playing with a bucket and spade in the sand.

Candy floss is a sweet food for children that looks like cotton wool on
a stick.
44

hot dog (n)

/ht dg/
inflatable dinghy (n)
/nfletbl di/
Li-Lo (n)
/lal/
have a paddle
/hv pdl/
saltwater (n)
/sltwt/
sand (n)
/snd/
scuba equipment (n)
/skub kwpmnt/
seaside (n)
/sisad/
sun hat (n)
/sn ht/
sunburn (n)
/snbn/

sunburned (adj)
/snbnd/

surf (n)
/sf/
waterslide(n)
/wtslad/

windburned (adj)
/wndbnd/

hot dog
canot pneumatique
matelas pneumatique
faire trempette
eau sale
sable
quipement de plonge
bord de mer
chapeau de soleil
coup de soleil

brl par le vent

A hot dog is a sausage in a bread roll.

An inflatable dinghy is a small rubber boat that you fill with air.
A Li-Lo is a type of bed made of rubber that you use to float on water.
They had a paddle at the edge of the water.
Saltwater is the type of water that is in the sea.
The author hates getting sand in his hair and shoes.
Scuba equipment is all the things that you need for diving underwater.
The author doesnt understand the British attachment to the seaside.
You put a sun hat on to protect your head from the sun.
Sunburn is the red, painful areas on your skin when you have been in
the sun for too long.
I was so sunburned a dermatologist invited me to a convention as an
exhibit!
Surf is the waves that are falling on a beach.
A waterslide is a long thin piece of equipment that children slide
down into water.
If you are windburned, your skin has been burnt by the wind.

Vraiment
De toute faon
Fondamentalement
En y pensant ...
Est-ce que vous me
comprenez ?
la fin
en fait
pour tre franc

She doesnt seem very friendly but, actually, shes shy.

It was an awful experience but, anyway, its over now.
Basically, Gill had two weeks to impress Ash.
Come to think of it, he does look a bit like Tom Cruise!
When I saw her, I thought shes the one for me. Do you know what I
mean?
Everything worked out well in the end.
We spent the rest of the holiday together in fact, we were inseparable.
To be honest, I dont think hes very happy.

conseiller
assurer
convaincre

Tourists were advised not to swim in the sea because of sharks.

My wife assured me that wed have a good time, but we didnt!
She always tries to convince me well have a good time.

brl par le soleil

dferlante
toboggan

SPOKEN DISCOURSE MARKERS

Actually
/kuli/
Anyway
/enwe/
Basically
/beskli/
Come to think of it ...
km t k v t/
Do you know what I mean?
/d j n wt a min/

in the end
/n i end/
in fact
/n fkt/
to be honest
/t bi nst/

'TELL' VERBS
advise
assure
convince

/dvaz/
//
/knvns/

45

encourage
/nkr/
inform
/nfm/

persuade
/pswed/
reassure
/ri/

encourager
informer

persuader
rassurer

Were trying to encourage her to come and visit.

My daughter then informed me I was eating the sandwich the dog had
half-eaten!
Every year my wife manages to persuade me to drive to the seaside.
She always reassures me that well have a good time, but I dont!

admettre
annoncer
soutenir, affirmer
confirmer
expliquer
insister
mentionner

suggrer

The author admits that he hates the seaside!

My wife woke me up and announced that she had an idea.
He claims he eats six hamburgers a day!
Could you confirm that the tickets have arrived?
Just listen, and Ill explain.
My wife insists on going to the seaside every year.
My daughter casually mentioned that the dog had eaten half the
sandwich.
The author hates it when his wife suggests going to the seaside!

adage
rendez-vous avec une
personne inconnue

tout prendre
Prenez garde ce que vous
souhaitez
rcuser une thorie
chaperon

arriver la conclusion que

An adage is a well-known phrase about life.

A blind date is an arrangement in which two people who have never
met before meet in order to decide whether they want to start a
relationship.
By and large, we all seem to be attracted to the same things.
'Be careful what you wish for' means that you wish for may not be as
good as you hoped for, and may even be harmful.
If someone challenges a theory, they say that it is not true.
A chaperone is someone who looks after someone or makes sure they
behave well, especially at a social event.
Scientific evidence has come to the conclusion that beauty is objective
and quantifiable.

'SAY' VERBS
admit
/dmt/
announce
/nans/
claim
/klem/
confirm
/knfm/
explain
/ksplen/
insist
/nsst/
mention
/men()n/

suggest
/sest/

Unit 8 (p.78)
adage (n)
/d/
blind date (n)
/bland det/


by and large
/ba n l/
Be careful what you wish for. /bi kef()l wt ju w f/

challenge a theory
/ln ri/
chaperone (n)
/prn/

come to the conclusion that
/km t knklun t/

46

composite (adj)
/kmpzt/
cultural boundary (n)
/kl()rl band()ri/

be in daily contact with sb (TS) /bi n deli kntkt

w smbdi/
be dead against sth (TS)
bi ded genst sm/
dim (adj)
/dm/
be embodied in
/bi mbdd n/
evolutionary (adj)
/ivlu()n()ri

excruciating (adj)
/kskruiet
You cant get blood
/j knt get bld at v
out of a stone.
stn/
get sb somewhere/
/get smbdi smwe/
not get sb anywhere
nt get smbdi enwe/
at first glance
/t fst glns/
what all the fuss is about (TS) /wt l fs z

bat/
All that glitters is not gold.
/l t gltz z nt

gld/
What goes around,
/wt gz rand
comes around.
kmz rand/
grant your wishes (TS)
/grnt j wz/
hormone (n)
/hmn/

imply (v)
/mpla/

the law of attraction
/ l v trkn/

A leopard cant
/ lepd knt en
change its spots.
ts spts/
like attracts like
/lak trkts lak/

compos
diffrence culturelle

tre en contact quotidien

A composite picture is made up of two or more separate parts.

Cultural boundaries are the differences that exist between different
cultures.
If you are in daily contact with someone, you see them every day.

tre absolument contre qch

faible
tre incarn par
volutionnaire

If you are dead against something, you disagree with it completely.

Reading in dim light can damage your eyes.
The feminine ideal of beauty is embodied in dolls like Barbie and Sindy.
An evolutionary reason is one that is connected with the process of
human change and development.
An excruciating experience is one that is extremely unpleasant or painful.
'You cant get blood out of a stone' means that it is extremely difficult
to persuade someone to give you something or tell you something.
Despite the fact Cindy had a genius IQ it never got her anywhere.

atroce
On ne saurait tirer de lhuile
dun mur.
n'amener qn quelque part/
amener qn nulle part
au premier coup doeil
quelle est la raison de toute
cette agitation
tout ce qui brille nest pas
dor.
Qui fait le mal rcolte le mal
exaucer les voeux
hormone

impliquer
la loi des concordances

On ne peut pas changer sa
nature.
qui se ressemble sassemble

47

The picture look similar at first glance, but in fact theyre different.
The Secret has sold 1.5million copies. Could you tell us what all the
fuss is about?
'All that glitters is not gold' means that what looks attractive or
pleasant may not be so.
'What goes around comes around' means that if you treat people badly,
you will eventually suffer yourself.
If someone grants your wishes, they give you what you ask them for.
A hormone is a substance produced by your body that makes it
develop and grow.
The film implies that for centuries people in power have kept the 'law
of attraction' secret.
'The law of attraction' is a principle that says our thoughts and
feelings influence events in our lives.
'A leopard cant change its spots' means that someone cannot really
change their character.
'Like attracts like' means that people are attracted to other people
who are similar to themselves.

materialise (v)
/mtrilaz/
negative thinking (n)
/negtv k/
objective (adj)
/bektv/
phenomenon (n)
/fnmnn/
positive thinking (n)
/pztv k/
be in power
/bi n pa/
pull (v)
/pl/

quantifiable (adj)
/kwntfab()l/
ramble (on) (v)
/rmb()l (n) /

rank (v)
/rk/

scientific evidence (n)
/santfk evdns/

self-help book/film (n)
/selfhelp bk/flm/
session (n)
/se()n/

sign up for sth (phr v)
/san p f sm/
speed dating (n)
/spid det/

think big (TS)
/k bg/
top-ranking (adj)
/tprk/

transform (v)
/trnsfm/

vibes (n pl) (TS)
/vabz/

volunteer (n)
/vlnt/

concrtiser
penses ngatives
objectif
phnomne
pense positive
tre au pouvoir
attirer
quantifiable
radoter
classer
vidence scientifique
livre/film de dveloppement
personnel
session
sinscrire pour qch
speed dating, rencontres
rapides
avoir de grandes ides
en tte de classement
transformer
charisme
bnvole

48

Kevin has had a few serious relationships, but nothing has materialised.
Negative thinking attracts bad things.
An objective conclusion is based on facts, not personal feelings.
A phenomenon is an event or situation which is new or surprising.
Positive thinking attracts good things.
Those who are in power are the people who control things.
If you pull someone, that person is attracted to you in a sexual or
romantic way.
Something that is quantifiable is able to be measured.
If someone rambles on about something, they talk about it in a boring
way for too long.
Photographs of women were ranked for their attractiveness by a
number of volunteers.
Scientific evidence has come to the conclusion that beauty is objective
and quantifiable.
A self-help book or film helps you to solve your own problems.
At the end of the session the couple can swap telephone numbers if
they wish.
Five women and five men signed up for the speed dating night.
Speed dating is an event in which people looking for a partner spend
5 minutes with different people to decide who they like best.
If you think big, you think in a positive way that is likely to bring success.
The top-ranking person or thing is the one that is most important or
popular.
The film says that the 'law of attraction' has the power to transform
our lives.
Vibes are the general impressions you get about a person from the
way they behave.
A volunteer is someone who does something without being paid.

APPEARANCE
appealing (adj)
/pil/
arched eyebrows (n pl)
/t abraz/
attractiveness (n)
/trktvns/

baby-faced (adj)
/bebi fest/
be in line with
/bi n lan w/
beauty comes from within
/bjuti kmz frm wn/


beauty is in the eye of
/bjuti z n i a v i
the beholder
bhld/
bone structure
/bn strk/

botox (n)
/btks/
brunette (n)
/brunet/
collagen (n)
/kl()n/
cosmetic surgery (n)
/kzmetk sri/
cute (adj)
/kjut/
dimples (n pl)
/dmp()lz/
exaggerated features (n pl)
/gzretd fiz/
fat (n)
/ft/
feature (n)
/fi/
full lips (n pl)
/fl lps/
good looks (n pl)
/gd lks/
high cheekbones (n pl)
/ha ikbnz/
implant (n)
/mplnt/

inject (v)
/nekt/
sbs inner beauty shines
/smbdz n bjuti
out (TS)
anz at/
nose job (n)
/nz b/

nostril (n)
/nstrl/

attachante
sourcils arqus
charme

An appealing face is one that you think is attractive.

Arched eyebrows have a high curve.
Photographs of women were ranked for their attractiveness by a
number of volunteers.
qui a un visage poupin
Many women like baby-faced stars like LeonardoDiCaprio and Jude Law.
re align avec
Her chin was moved back so it was in line with her upper lip.
la beaut vient de lintrieur 'Beauty comes from within' means that it is someones personality
that makes them attractive, not their appearance.
il ny a pas de laides amours 'Beauty is in the eye of the beholder' means that people have different

opinions about what is beautiful.
morphologie osseuse
Your bone structure is the shape of your face that is formed by the

bones underneath.
botox
Botox is a substance that makes your skin look younger.
brune
A brunette is a girl or woman with dark-brown hair.
collagne
Cindy had collagen put in her lips.
chirurgie esthtique
Do you think having cosmetic surgery is selfish?
mignonne
Someone who is cute looks young and attractive.
fossettes
Dimples are small areas on your cheeks that go inwards.
traits outrs
Exaggerated features are larger or more prominent than usual.
graisse
They took fat from Cindys thighs and injected it into her lips.
trait
What features do you think make a face look attractive?
lvres pleines
Full lips look large and round.
belle allure/mine
My ideal date is someone with both intelligence and good looks.
pommettes hautes
High cheekbones are usually considered attractive.
implant
An implant is something that is put into someones body during a

medical operation.
injecter
They took fat from Cindys thighs and injected it into her lips.
laisser ressortir sa beaut
Not everybody has the confidence to let their inner beauty shine out.
intrieure
opration nasale
A nose job is a type of cosmetic surgery to change the shape of your
nose.
narine
Your nostrils are the two holes at the end of your nose.

49

pert (adj)
/pt/
piercing (n)
/ps/
prominent cheekbones (n pl) /prmnnt ikbnz/

sexiness (n)
/seksns/
size zero (n)
/saz zr/
smooth skin (n)
/smu skn/
sparkling eyes (n pl)
/spkl az/
a square jaw (n)
/ skwe /
tattoo (n)
/ttu/
a turned-up nose (n)
/ tnd p nz/
white teeth (n pl)
/wat ti/
widen (v)
/wad()n/

coquin
piercing
pommettes saillantes

allure sexy
taille 34
peau douce
yeux brillants
une machoire carre
tatouage
un nez retrouss
dents blanches
agrandir, largir

A pert nose is small and considered to be attractive.

A piercing is a hole in someones skin for jewellery to fit through.
Prominent cheekbones are easy to see or notice in someones face and
are considered attractive.
Karens ideal date is someone with intelligence, good looks and sexiness.
A size zero model is extremely thin.
Smooth skin has no rough areas or spots.
Sparkling eyes look bright and lively.
Men with a square jaw are traditionally considered to be attractive.
A tattoo is a picture that is drawn on your body.
A turned-up nose curves slightly at the end.
White teeth look bright, healthy and attractive.
If you widen something, you make it wider.

ptillant
conventionnel
sur qui on peut compter
tourdi
qui a les pieds sur terre
mielleux
nigmatique
expriment
tre imbu de soi-mme
adulte, mr
indulgent

exalt
rustre
dcontract
pondr
plein dentrain

Sindy was bubbly and lively Id like to see her again.

People who are conventional are very traditional and not modern.
Someone who is dependable is honest and can be trusted.
Someone who is dizzy is not practical or down-to-earth.
Someone who is down-to-earth is not pretentious.
Someone who is drippy may be kind but is not very interesting.
Someone who is enigmatic is interesting because they seem mysterious.
I prefer the company of people who are experienced and grown-up.
Erica seemed selfish and full of herself.
I prefer the company of people who are experienced and grown-up.
People who are indulgent do what they want without thinking of
other people.
He can be very intense and a bit obsessive.
A laddish man is young and not sophisticated.
She doesnt let things worry her shes very laid-back.
Someone who is level-headed is calm and sensible.
Sindy was bubbly and lively Id like to see her again.

CHARACTER
bubbly (adj)
/bbli/
conventional (adj)
/knven()nl/
dependable (adj)
/dpendb()l/
dizzy (adj)
/dzi/
down-to-earth (adj)
/dantu/
drippy (adj)
/drpi/
enigmatic (adj)
/engmtk/
experienced (adj)
/ksprinst/
be full of yourself
/bi fl v jself/
grown-up (adj)
/grnp/
indulgent (adj) (TS)
/ndl()nt/

intense (adj)
/ntens/
laddish (adj)
/ld/
laid-back (adj)
/ledbk/
level-headed (adj)
/levlhedd/
lively (adj)
/lavli/

50

materialistic (adj)
/mtrilstk/
mature (adj)
/mtj/
mysterious (adj)
/mstris/

obsessive (adj)
/bsesv/
open-minded (adj)
/pnmandd/

outgoing (adj)
/atg/
self-centred (adj)
/selfsentd/
selfish (adj)
/self/

sensible (adj)
/sensb()l/
sensitive (adj)
/senstv/
spaced-out (adj)
/spestat/
stand-offish (adj)
/stndf/
straight (adj)
/stret/
tolerant (adj)
/tlrnt/
trustworthy (adj)
/trs(t)wi/
unambitious (adj)
/nmbs/
unfriendly (adj)
/nfrendli/
unpretentious (adj)
/nprtens/

matrialiste
mre
mystrieux

obsd
qui a lesprit ouvert
sociable
gocentrique
goste
sense
sensible
flipp
qui garde ses distances
conventionnel, guind
tolrant
digne de confiance
sans ambition
antipathique
sans prtention

Someone who is materialistic is interested in money and possessions.

Girls are often more sensible and mature than boys.
A mysterious person seems interesting because they are not easy to
understand.
Obsessive people are only interested in one person or thing.
Someone who is open-minded is tolerant and willing to listen to other
peoples opinions.
People who are outgoing are friendly and sociable.
Stop thinking of yourself and being so self-centred!
A selfish person thinks about themselves and is not interested in other
people.
A sensible person doesnt do stupid or crazy things.
A sensitive person cares about other people.
Someone who is spaced-out seems not very sensible and slightly crazy.
Claire seemed stand-offish and not interested in me.
Lara thought Jim was polite, but a bit too straight.
My parents are rather traditional I wish theyd be more tolerant.
Trustworthy is an adjective used to describe someone who you can trust.
Erica thought Kevin was too young and unambitious.
Hes not unfriendly, hes just shy.
Someone who is unpretentious does not try to impress people with
their money or intelligence.

BODY IDIOMS
get it off my chest
/get t f ma est/

play it by ear
/ple t ba /

be up to your eyes in work
/bi p t jr az n wk/
have your fingers in
a lot of pies

/hv j fgz n lts

v paz /

dire ce quon a sur le coeur

jouer/agir dinstinct
tre dans le travail jusquau
cou
tre ml beaucoup
affaires

51

If you get something off your chest, you talk about something that is
worrying you.
If you play something by ear, you see how you deal with a situation
without having a plan.
If you are up to your eyes in work, you have a lot of work to do.
If you have your fingers in a lot of pies, you are involved in a lot of
different things.

put your foot in it

/v pt j ft n t/

sb hasnt made up their mind /smbdi hznt med

p e mand/
this neck of the woods
/s nek v wdz/

a shoulder to cry on
/ ld t kra n/

mettre les pieds dans le plat

qn na pas encore pris de
dcision
mon coin
une paule pour pleurer

If you put your foot in something, you say something stupid or

embarrassing.
If you havent made up your mind, you havent
decided about something yet.
This neck of the woods is an expression that means the place where
you are or where you live.
If you need a shoulder to cry on, you need someone to listen to your
problems.

Unit 9 (p.88)
affectionate (adj)
/fek()nt/
ailment (n)
/elmnt/
be aligned with sth (TS)
/bi land w sm/

alluring (adj)
/lr/
anguished (adj) (TS)
/gwt/
approach (v)
/pr/

approve (v)
/pruv/
backer (n)
/bk/

backside (n) (TS)
/bksad/
bakelite (n) (TS)
/beklat/

barren (adj) (TS)
/brn/
brainchild (n)
/brenald/
a bunch of
/ bn v/

captivating (adj)
/kptvet/
choir (n)
/kwa/

affectueux
indisposition
tre align avec qch

Affectionate laughter shows that you love or care about something.

An ailment is an illness or disability.
Something that is aligned with something else is in the correct
position in relation to that thing.
attrayant
An alluring place is attractive and interesting.
angoiss
Someone who is anguished is extremely upset.
contacter
If you approach a person or organization, you make contact with them
in order to discuss something.
approuver
The site for the Bilbao Guggenheim was approved in a week.
investisseur, bailleur de fonds If you find a backer for a project, you find a person or company who
will provide money for it.
derrire
Your backside is an informal word meaning your bottom.
baklite
Bakelite is a type of hard plastic used in the 1940s and 1950s for
making radios and telephones.
aride
Barren land is dry and plants cannot grow there.
ide originale
The Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao was the brainchild of Thomas Krens.
une poigne de
Frank Gehry affectionately describes the site as 'a dirty river and a
bunch of run-down buildings'.
fascinant
A place that is captivating is attractive and interesting.
choeur
A choir is a group of people who sing together.

52

city council (n)

/sti kans()l/

commission (v)
/km()n/

component (n)
/kmpnnt/
conceal (v)
/knsil/

confidentiality
knfdenilti
agreement (n) (TS)
grimnt/
contract polio
/kntrkt pli/
confined to
/knfand tu/
craftsman (n) (TS)
/krftsmn/
devastated (adj)
/devstetd/
divorce proceedings (n pl)
/dvs prsidz/
dominate (v)
/dmnet/
dove (n)
/dv/

drastically (adv)
/drstkli/
drizzling (adj)
/drzl/
enchanting (adj)
/nnt/
endure (v)
/ndj/
equinox (n) (TS)
/ikwnks/

eruption (n)
/rp()n/

establish (v)
/stbl/

extramarital (adj)
/ekstrmrt()l/
face (v)
/fes/
frantic (adj)
/frntk/

get off the ground (TS)
/get f grand/

conseil municipal

passer commande
partie composante
dissimuler
accord de confidentialit
attraper la polio
oblig de rester dans
artisan
ravag
procdures de divorce
dominer
tourterelle

de manire drastique
bruineux
charmant
tre encore l, rester
quinoxe
ruption

tablir
extra-conjugal
tre en face de
frntique
sortir de terre

53

Krens didnt like the original site chosen by the city council for its new
art museum.
The Basque regional government commissioned the best architects to
redesign the city.
A key component of something is an important part of something.
The clothes Frida Kahlo wore were worn partly to conceal her physical
ailments.
A confidentiality agreement is an official document that says that
important information must be kept secret.
Frida contracted polio, which made her walk in a strange way.
At the age of 6, she spent nine months confined to her room with polio.
A craftsman is someone who makes beautiful or practical objects.
Frida was devastated by the divorce proceedings.
In April 1939 Frida and Diego began divorce proceedings.
The Bilbao Guggenheim dominates the city at every turn.
Her father described Diego and Fridas marriage as 'like an elephant
marrying a dove'.
Many shops have reduced the prices of goods drastically.
When it is drizzling, it is raining slightly.
A placethat is enchanting is extremely attractive and interesting.
Stonehenge has been standing for 5,000 years and still endures.
An equinox is one of the two days in the year when the day and the
night are the same length.
The eruption of a volcano is the period when it explodes and flames
and rocks come out of it.
The museums director, Thomas Krens, wanted to establish a European
base for the Guggenheim.
Frida and Diego both had extramarital affairs.
Bilbao faces out onto the Bay of Biscay.
As the hymn was about to start, Fry would have a frantic search for
the right page.
If something gets off the ground, it starts to develop or grow.

glimpse (v)
/glmps/

handrail (n)
/hndrel/

horseshoe (n) (TS)
/hsu/

hymn (n)
/hm/
incentive (n)
/nsentv/
intriguing (adj)
/ntrig/
ironically (adv)
/arnkli/

lever (n)
/liv/
marvel (at) (v) (TS)
/mvl (t) /
meander (v)
/mind/

melted (adj)
/meltd/
a mere 4 tonnes/50 years etc / m f tnz/ffti jz/
newly-appointed (adj)
/njuli pntd/
ochre-brown (adj)
/kbran/
outer space (n)
/at spes/
overcast (adj)
/vkst/
overlook (v)
/vlk/
ozone destruction (n)
/zn dstrk()n/
pierce (v)
/ps/

Post-it (n)
/pstt/
radar-based (adj)
/redbest/

a raunchy number (n) (TS)
/ rni nmb/
redevelopment programme (n) /ridvelpm()nt

prgrm/
remote control (n)
/rmt kntrl/

entrevoir

rampe
fer cheval
cantique
bonus
fascinant
de manire ironique
levier
smerveiller (de)
aller sans se presser
fondu
(rien) que 4 tonnes/50 ans
qui vient dtre nomm
ocre-brun
espace cosmique
couvert
dominer
trou dans la couche dozone
transpercer

Post-it
bas sur les radars
un morceau torride
programme de remise en
valeur
tlcommande

54

As you leave the airport, the Guggenheim Museum can be glimpsed in

the distance.
A handrail is the thing you hold onto with your hand when you are
travelling in a bus or tram.
If something has the shape of a horseshoe, it has a curved shape that
is not quite complete.
A hymn is a religious song.
An incentive to do something is a reason for doing it.
An intriguing place is one that is attractive in a mysterious way.
Ironically she painted some of her most powerful works during her
separation from Diego.
The stones for Stonehenge were moved by a system of levers.
If you marvel at something, you admire it very much.
If you meander somewhere, you move there slowly and in an indirect
way.
A solid substance that is melted has become like a liquid.
The stones weighed a mere four tonnes each.
Someone who is newly-appointed to a job has just started it.
Ochre-brown is a colour between brown and yellow.
Outer space is the area that contains the stars and the planets.
When the sky is overcast it is grey and full of rain.
The Jesuit University overlooks the River Nervion.
Ozone destruction is caused by chemical reactions.
Frida Kahlo was injured in an accident when a handrail pierced her
body.
Post-its are small pieces of coloured paper that you can stick on things.
Dr Percy LeBaron Spencer was working on a radar-based project when
he made the discovery that led to the first microwave.
A raunchy number is a song that is sung in a sexy way.
In the 1980s the Basque regional government began a redevelopment
programme for Bilbao.
A remote control is a small piece of equipment that you press to use a
TV, Hi-Fi etc.

be/seem rooted to
/bi/sim rutd t
the ground (TS)
grand/
sermon (n)
/smn/
settle out of court
/set()l at v kt/

shawl (n)
/l/

shipbuilding community (n)
/pbld kmjunti/
site (n)
/sat/

so-called (adj) (TS)
/skld/
social-networking site (n)
/s()l netwk sat/
solstice (n) (TS)
/slsts/

speculate (v) (TS)
/spekjlet/

spitting (adj)
/spt/
spout (n)
/spat/

spring (n) (TS)
/spr/

sticky (adj)
/stki/
stormy (adj)
/stmi/
streetcar (n)
/stritk/
subtract (v)
/sbtrkt/

tease (v)
/tiz/
at every turn
/t evri tn/
undergo (v)
/ndg/
urban sprawl (n)
/bn sprl/
sbs mind begins to wander
/smbdz mand bgnz

t wnd/

tre/sembler clouer au sol

sermon
rgler lamiable

chle
centre de chantier naval
site
ainsi nomm
site internet de relations
sociales
solstice
spculer
il tombe qq gouttes
bec verseur
ressort
poisseux
orageux
tramway
soustraire
se moquer
de tout point de vue
se soumettre
banlieue tentaculaire
lesprit de qn se met
vagabonder

55

If something seems rooted to the ground, it seems to be fixed there

and unable to move.
A sermon is a religious speech made in church.
If you settle an argument out of court, you solve it without asking a
court to decide.
A shawl is a large piece of material worn by a woman around her
shoulders.
Bilbao is Spains fourth largest city and a former shipbuilding community.
Krens didnt like the site chosen by the city council for the new art
museum.
The bluestones are so-called because they turn blue when they get wet.
Facebook is a popular social-networking site.
The summer solstice is the longest day of the year; the winter solstice
is the shortest day of the year.
If you speculate about something, you wonder why it has happened,
or what the reason for something is.
When it is spitting, it is raining slightly.
A spout is the part of a tea- or coffee-pot where the tea or coffee
comes out.
A spring is a long, thin piece of metal twisted into circles that is often
used in machinery.
The sticky object turned out to be a melted peanut bar.
A stormy relationship is one in which people argue a lot.
A 'streetcar' is the American word for a 'tram'.
When you subtract one number from another, you take it away from
that number.
When Frida returned to school, other children teased her about her leg.
The Bilbao Guggenheim dominates the city at every turn.
Over the years Frida Kahlo underwent thirty-two major operations.
Urban sprawl is ugly, unplanned development in a city.
Fry was listening to the sermon when his mind began to wander.

water supplies (n pl)

/wt splaz/
waterfront zone (n)
/wtfrnt zn/
weapons of mass
/wepnz v ms
destruction (n pl)
dstrk()n/
wind (through) (v)
/wand (ru)/

wine-bottling warehouse (n) /wanbtl wehas/

rserves deau
zone/secteur des quais
armes de destruction massive
serpenter ( travers)

usine de mise en bouteille
du vin

The Nazca Lines in Peru were a map of underground water supplies.

A waterfront zone is an area of a town or city that is near a river.
Weapons of mass destruction are very powerful that can destroy large
areas and kill large numbers of people.
To get to Bilbao, you leave the airport and wind through the green
hills of Northern Spain.
A wine bottling-warehouse is a large building, like a factory, where
wine is put into bottles.

du 19me/20me etc sicle

A 19th/20th etc-century building was built in the 1800s/1900s etc.

contemporain
excentrique
hideux
mtallique
post-industriel

The Bilbao Guggenheim is a contemporary art museum like no other.

An eccentric building or design is one that is very unusual.
Hideous is a word that means 'very ugly'.
Something that is metallic is made of metal.
The architect, Frank Gehry, revelled in the chaos and dirt of the postindustrial environment.
The Bilbao Guggenheim is a metallic, post-modern, space-age museum.
Run-down buildings are in bad condition.
A semi-derelict area is in bad condition and almost too bad to be
repaired or restored.
The Bilbao Guggenheim is a metallic, post-modern, space-age museum.
A sprawling town or city covers an area in an untidy, ugly way.
Bilbao is a tough, sprawling former shipbuilding community.
Urban is an adjective meaning 'relating to towns or cities'.

BUILDINGS AND PLACES

19th/20th etc-century (adj)
/nantin/twenti

senri/
contemporary (adj)
/kntemp()rri/
eccentric (adj)
/ksentrk/
hideous (adj)
/hdis/
metallic (adj)
/mtlk/
post-industrial (adj)
/pstndstril/

post-modern (adj)
/pstmd()n/
run-down (adj)
/rndan/
semi-derelict (adj)
/semiderlkt/

space-age (adj)
/spese/
sprawling (adj)
/sprl/
tough (adj)
/tf/
urban (v)
/bn/

post-moderne
dlabr
moiti en ruines
de lre spatiale
tentaculaire
robuste, solide
urbain

COLLOCATIONS
design/develop a prototype

do/carry out experiments

/dzan/dvelp
prttap/
/du/kri at/
kspermnts/

dessiner/dvelopper un
It took Trevor Baylis two to three months to design/develop a
prototype
prototype for the clockwork radio.
faire/raliser des expriences Scientists sometimes do/carry out experiments on animals.

56

do/conduct a search
/du/kndkt s/

file for/apply for a patent
/fal f/pla fr

/pet()nt/
form/set up a company
/fm/set p kmp()ni/
have/come up with an idea
/hv/km p w n adi/
start/begin a production
/stt/bgn prdk()n/

faire/conduire une enqute

poser/dposer une demande
de brevet
former/tablir une socit
avoir/trouver une ide
dmarrer/commencer la
production

Were currently doing/conducting a search to find talented musicians

in the region.
Once Bayliss had developed a prototype, he filed for/applied for
a patent.
Money was found to form/set up a company in Cape Town.
Trevor Baylis had/came up with an idea for a clockwork radio.
How easy was it to find a backer and start/begin production?

TIME EXPRESSIONS
barely
/beli/

before
/bf/
during (her/his etc separation) /djr (h/hz/

/sepre()n) /
each month/year etc
/i mn/j/
a few days/months
/ fju dez/mns
etc previously
privisli/
the following day
/ fl de/

from then on
/frm en n/

on sbs return
/n smbdz rtn/
one Sunday/afternoon etc
/wn snde/ftnun/

over the years
/v jz/
When she/he etc was
/wen i/hi wz sks/
6/37/70 etc
ti sev()n/sev()nti/
while he/she etc was sitting/ /wal hi/i wz st/
watching etc
w/

peine

Frida died barely two weeks after taking part in a Communist

demonstration.
avant
Diego Rivera was 42 and had been married twice before.
pendant (sa sparation)
She painted some of her most powerful works during her separation
from Diego.
chaque mois/anne etc
Each Sunday he sang with his local church choir.
qq jours/mois etc auparavant He remembered that a few months previously a colleague had made a
glue which had been discarded.
le jour suivant
Baylis had a dream and the following day started work on his concept
of the clockwork radio.
partir de l
Children at school teased her about her leg and from then on she
always concealed it.
au retour de qn
On their return to Mexico, Frida and Diego started divorce proceedings.
un dimanche etc/aprs-midi
One Sunday he was listening to the sermon when his mind began to
wander.
au cours des annes
Over the years Frida Kahlo underwent thirty-two major operations.
lge 6/37/70 etc ans, il/elle When Frida was 6 she contracted polio.
Pendant quil/elle tait assis/
en train de regarder etc

57

While she was convalescing she took up painting.

Review C
break out (phr v)
/brek at/
distinguished (adj)
/dstwt/
hangover (n)
/hv/

be nominated for
/bi nmnetd f/
oil reserves (n pl)
/l rzvz/
rate of inflation (n)
/ret v nfle()n/

clater
remarquable
gueule de bois
tre propos pour
gisements ptroliers
taux de linflation

War broke out in 1939.

She enjoyed a distinguished career and won an Oscar.
A hangover is the feeling of being tired and ill because you have
drunk too much alcohol.
Audrey Hepburn was nominated for and won an Oscar.
Vast oil reserves are thought to exist under the Arctic ice cap.
We expect the rate of inflation will rise sharply.

Unit 10 (p.100)
be addicted to
/bi dktd tu/
antithesis (n)
/ntss/

circulation (n) (TS)
/skjle()n/
clue (n)
/klu/
conjure up (phr v)
/kn p/

convention (n)
/knven()n/
couldnt care less
/kd()nt ke les/

by default
/ba dflt/

dejected (adj)
/dektd/
disapproval (n)
/dspruv()l/
epitomise (v)
/ptmaz/
extract (n)
/ekstrkt/

tre passionn pour

antithse

tirage
indice
voquer

convenances
nen avoir rien faire
par dfaut
abattu
dsapprobation
incarner
extrait

58

Do you think its healthy to be addicted to designer labels?

The old man in the straw hat is the antithesis of everything the Levis
ad stands for.
The circulation of a newspaper is how many copies it sells.
A clue to something gives you an idea what it is really about.
Something that conjures up an image or scene makes you think of that
image or scene.
Rebels do not care about conventions.
If you couldnt care less about something, it doesnt concern or worry
you at all.
If there is too much product placement, the producer is the loser and,
by default, the brand.
Someone who is dejected is very disappointed and upset.
Disapproval is the feeling that you do not like or approve of something.
The Levis 501s ad epitomises everything that is cool.
An extract from a book is a short piece of writing that is taken from it.

fiercely male-dominated (adj) /fsli meldmnetd/

flattering (adj) (TS)
/flt()r/
gutter press (n) (TS)
/gt pres/
haunting (adj)
/hnt/
heart-throb (n)
/htrb/
hit the screens
/ht skrinz/
holdall (n)
/hldl/
inaccuracy (n) (TS)
/nkjrsi/

junior school (n)
/uni skul/
lasting effect (n)
/lst fekt/

look back (phr v)
/lk bk/
motion sickness (n) (TS)
/mn skns/

mythical (adj)
/mk()l/
nostalgically (adv)
nstlkli/
over-hyped (adj) (TS)
/vhapt/
promising (adj)
/prms/
rebel (n)
/reb()l/

resolve to do sth
/rzlv t du sm/

rugged (adj)
/rgd/

scandalous (adj) (TS)
/sknd()ls/

be scared stiff (TS)
/bi sked stf/
soundtrack (n)
/sandtrk/
No smoke without fire. (TS)
/n smk wat

fa/
storyline (n)
/strilan/

sous une dominance

masculine implacable
flatteur
presse scandales
obsdant
briseur de coeur
passer sur les crans
sac fourre-tout
inexactitude
cole primaire
effet durable
se rappeler
mal des transports

mythique
avec nostalgie
surfait
prometteur
rebelle
se rsoudre faire qch
endurci
scandaleux
tre paralys de peur
musique du film
Pas de fume sans feu
intrigue

59

A business or industry that is fiercely male-dominated is controlled

aggressively by men.
A flattering photo is one that makes you look good.
The gutter press are newspapers that print a lot of shocking stories.
A haunting piece of music is sad in a beautiful way.
Nick Kamen was considered a heart-throb amongst women.
The ad was a massive success the minute it hit British TV screens.
A holdall is a large bag used for carrying sports equipment.
Inaccuracies are things that are said and written that are not true or
correct.
In the UK, junior school is for children aged between 7 and 11.
If something has a lasting effect, it changes or influences things for a
long time afterwards.
Every period in history likes to look back nostalgically to a mythical past.
Motion sickness is an unpleasant feeling in your stomach when you
are travelling.
Every period in history likes to look back nostalgically to a mythical past.
Every period in history likes to look back nostalgically to a mythical past.
Something that is over-hyped is not as good as it is advertised to be.
Something that looks promising seems attractive or interesting.
A rebel is someone who opposes people in authority or traditional
ways of doing things.
After his experience in the playground, Neil resolved to be more like
the other boys.
'Rugged' is an adjective used to describe a man who is attractive in a
strong, athletic way.
The gutter press prints scandalous or embarrassing stories about
famous people.
If you are scared stiff, you are extremely frightened.
A soundtrack is the music that accompanies a film.
No smoke without fire is an expression meaning if something bad is
said about a person or situation, there is usually a good reason for it.
A storyline is the events in a book, film etc.

strip off (phr v)

trade (v)

/strp f/
/tred/

se dshabiller
changer

When someone strips off, they take their clothes off.

Trading football cards is a popular activity amongst boys.

pub
publicit
sponsor publicitaire

succs au box-office
qui subit un bourrage de
crne
fidlit une marque

'Ad' is an informal word meaning 'advertisement'.

Advertising is a big part of the Bond movies.
The films advertising partners are the companies who finance the film
and whose products are advertised in it.
A box office hit is a film that is extremely successful.
Do you think children are brainwashed by advertising?

SALES AND MARKETING

ad (n)
/d/
advertising (n)
/dvtaz/
advertising partner (n)
/dvtaz ptn/

box office hit (n)
/bks fs ht/
brainwashed (adj)
/brenwt/
brand loyalty (n)
/brnd llti/

branded goods (n pl)
/brndd gdz/

commercial (n)
/km()l/
credibility (n) (TS)
/kredblti/

deal (n)
/dil/

designer brand/label (n)
/dzan brnd/

leb()l/
designer shop (n)
/dzan p/

empowering (adj)
/mpar/
fake (adj)
/fek/
fake (n)
/fek/

fragrance (n)
/fregrns/
iconic (adj)
/aknk/
jingle (n) (TS)
/gl/

produits de marque

spot publicitaire
crdibilit
march

marque, nom de crateur
boutique de crateur
dynamisant, nergisant
imitation
copie
parfum, senteur
dicne
couplet

60

Brand loyalty is the tendency of customers to buy a particular brand

rather than trying other brands.
Branded goods are expensive goods that are made by a well-known
company.
The Levis commercial conjures up an authentic American scene.
Children want what their friends have playground credibility is very
important.
The deals between companies and the makers of the Bond movies
were worth millions of dollars.
Designer brands/labels are very important to a lot of young people.
I love looking at the handbags and shoes in the windows of designer
shops.
Something that is empowering makes you feel powerful or attractive.
I cant stand fake designer goods!
If you show me two handbags, one a designer and one a fake, I can
usually spot the fake.
Fragrance is a word used in advertising to mean 'perfume'.
Someone or something that is iconic is extremely famous and well-known.
An advertising jingle is the music and words associated with a product
that is advertised.

a leaping puma
/ lip pjum/

logo (n)
/lg/
nag (v) (TS)
/ng/
peer group (n)
/p grup/

pester (v) (TS)
/pest/
pester power (n) (TS)
/pest pa/

playground pound (n) (TS)
/plegrand pand/
positioning of a brand
/pz()n v brnd/

product placement clutter
/prdkt plesmnt klt/

promote (v)
/prmt/

radical chic (n)
/rdkl ik/
revenue (n)
/revnju/
a sense of identity (n)
/ sens v adentti/
sex appeal (n)
/seks pil/
strategically placed
/strtikli plest/

stripe (n)
/strap/
tick (n)
/tk/

youthful rebellion (n)
/juf()l rbeljn/

un puma bondissant

The leaping puma is a famous designer logo it shows an animal

called a puma jumping in mid-air.
logo
How many of the logos on the first page of Unit 10 do you recognise?
harceler
If you nag someone, you ask them again and again for something.
groupe de ses semblables
Brands can help children fit in with a peer group, but they can also
exclude them.
casser les pieds
If you pester someone, you ask them again and again for something.
harclement des enfants
'Pester power' is the marketing potential of children who ask their
pour obtenir qch
parents to buy them things.
pouvoir dachat des enfants
The 'playground pound' is a key concept for advertisers.
public cible dun produit
Positioning of a brand in the market refers to the type of people a
particular product is aimed at.
encombrement de placement Product placement clutter is when there are too many branded
de produits
products in a movie.
promouvoir
Twenty different companies promoted their products in the film

Die Another Day.
chic total
Radical chic is stylishness or fashion that is new and original.
revenu
The Bond franchise rakes in a huge amount of revenue from advertisers.
une sensation dappartenance Do you agree that brands give children a sense of identity?
sex appeal
The Levis 501s advert represented youthful rebellion and sex appeal.
plac de manire stratgique Products that are strategically placed appear during a film in ways that
are designed to make people notice them.
rayure
A stripe is a line of colour on a plain surface.
coche
A tick is the symbol that a teacher writes against an answer to show
that it is correct.
rvolte de la jeunesse
The Levis 501s advert represented youthful rebellion and sex appeal.

SPOKEN DISCOURSE MARKERS

Anyway, to get back to
/enwe t get bk t
what I was saying ...
wt a wz se/
But the thing is...
/bt z/

Nimporte, pour revenir ce

que jtais en train de dire
Mais le fait est ...

61

Anyway, to get back to what I was saying ... The point Im trying to
make is that famous people have families with feelings.
But the thing is, I rarely seem to read anything true about myself these
days.

Hang on ...
/h n/
If I could just come in here ... /f a kd st km n h/

If you would just let me
/f ju wd st let mi
finish ...
fn/
If you would let me answer
/f ju wd let mi ns
the question ...
kwes()n/
The point Im trying to
/ pnt am tra t
make here is ...
mek h/
The problem is ...
/ prblm z/
Im sorry to interrupt
/am sri tu ntrpt ju/
you but ...

Sorry, but ...
/sri bt/

What you didnt say was ...
/wt ju dd()nt se wz/

Ne quittez pas ...

Pour y arriver
Si vous pouviez me laisser
terminer ...
Si vous pouviez me laisser
rpondre la question
Lide que jessaie de faire
ressortir ici est
Le problme cest
Je suis dsol de vous
interrompre mais ...
Dsol, mais ...
Ce que vous navez pas dit,
ctait ...

Hang on, I havent finished.

If I could just come in here, I think we need to address the root of the
problem.
If you would just let me finish of course the press have been important.
If you would let me answer the question, I think we need to look at
relationship between fame and the press.
The point Im trying to make here is that famous people have families
with feelings.
The problem is, its not always clear whats true and what isnt.
Well, Im sorry to interrupt you, but weve run out of time.
Sorry, but I cant believe that youre actually complaining about free
publicity.
What you didnt say was what those inaccuracies were.

VERB PHRASES 'LOOK AT'

eye up
/a p/

gaze at
/gez t/
glance at
/glns t/
stare at
/ster t/

lorgner

I cant walk past a designer shop without eyeing up the handbags in

the window.
She spends hours gazing at photos in fashion magazines.
I always glance at my reflection in shop windows.
People stare at me because I look different.

contempler
jeter un coup doeil
fixer

VERB PHRASES 'SEE'

catch sight of
/k sat v/

make out
/mek at/
notice
/nts/
spot
/spt/

apercevoir
distinguer
remarquer
retrouver, reconnatre

62

When she caught sight of my designer mobile phone, I could see she
was jealous.
I could just make out a building in the distance.
A lot of people like to be noticed.
Could you spot a fake handbag from a designer one?

Unit 11 (p.110)
the accounts (n pl)
/i kants/
amoebic dysentery (n)
/mibk ds()ntri/

ant (n)
/nt/

bash (v)
/b/
go berserk
/g bzk/
birth rate (n)
/b ret/

black out (phr v)
/blk at/
bunk (n)
/bk/

buzz (n)
/bz/
catering company (n)
/ketr kmp()ni/

come to your senses
/km t j sensz/
dent (v)
/dent/
dodge gunfire
/d gnfa/
embellish (v)
/mbel/
faint (v)
/fent/
get sth out of your system
/get sm at v j

sstm/
judging by
/ ba/
latrine (n)
/ltrin/
lower your expectations
/l jr

ekspekte()nz/
premises (n pl)
/premisz/
raging fever (n)
/re fiv/

les comptes
dysenterie amibienne
fourmi
cogner
devenir fou furieux
taux de natalit
svanouir
couchette
brouhaha
traiteur
revenir soi
brcher
esquiver les coups de feu
embellir
svanouir
se librer de qch

en juger par
latrines
revoir ses attentes la baisse
locaux
fivre de cheval

63

The accounts are the record of the money a company receives and spends.
Amoebic dysentery is a tropical illness which makes you go to the
toilet very often and become weak.
An ant is an insect that lives under the ground in large, organised
groups and can bite.
If you bash something, you hit it very hard.
If you go berserk, you start behaving in a very angry or busy way.
The birth rate is the number of babies who are born in a particular
year or place.
If you black out, you suddenly become unconscious.
A bunk is one of two small beds that are joined together, one above
the other.
A buzz is a feeling of excitement among a group of people.
A catering company is one that prepares food and drinks for an event
or organization.
When you come to your senses, you finally start behaving sensibly again.
If something dents something else, it pushes the surface inwards.
If you dodge gunfire, you run away to avoid being shot.
People love to embellish stories to make them sound more dramatic.
If you faint, you suddenly lose consciousness.
If you get something out of your system, you get rid of strong feelings
about someone or something.
Judging by her low marks, she is bound to fail the exam.
A latrine is a toilet that is outside.
If you lower your expectations, you do not try to achieve something
because you think it will be too difficult.
The premises are the buildings that a business or organization uses.
If you have a raging fever, you are very hot and have a very high
temperature.

skull (n)
/skl/
stinking (adj)
/stk/
stitch (n)
/st/

be swarming with sth
/bi swm w/

/sm/
swell up (phr v)
/swell p/
womens liberation
/wmnz lbren
movement (n)
muvmnt/
be wracked with pain
/bi rkt w pen/

crne
malodorant
point de suture
qui fourmille de qch

Your skull is the bones of the head.

A stinking place or object smells extremely unpleasant.
A stitch is a short piece of thread that is used for joining your skin
together when you have cut yourself badly.
The room was swarming with huge ants.

enfler
One ant had bitten my thigh, which had swollen up like a balloon.
mouvement de libration des The womens liberation movement is an organisation that makes
femmes
sure women have the same opportunities as men.
se tordre de douleur
If someone is wracked with pain, their body, or part of their body,
hurts a lot.

EDUCATION
A-level (n)
/elev()l/

apply for a place (at)
/pla fr ples/
boarding school (n)
/bd skul/
evening course (n)
/ivn kls/
fail an exam
/fel n gzm/
fees (n pl)
/fiz/
GCSE (n)
/isiesi/

get a loan
/get ln/
get good/low marks
/get gd/l mks/

go on to further education
/g n t f

edjke()n/
learn by heart
/ln ba ht/
secondary school (n)
/seknd()ri skul/

take a course
/tek ks/

baccalaurat

sinscrire pour une place ()
internat
cours du soir
rater un examen
frais duniversit
brevet
prendre un crdit
obtenir de bonnes/mauvaises
notes
allonger la dure de ses
tudes
apprendre par coeur
lyce
prendre un cours

64

A-levels are exams that students take in England and Wales before
going to university.
Henrys teacher told him he shouldnt apply for a place at university.
A boarding school is a school where the students can live.
Romy took an evening course in maths and accounting.
My parents will kill me if I fail the exam!
I had to get a bank loan to pay my university fees.
GCSEs are exams that students take in England and Wales when they
are 15 or 16.
I need to get a loan to pay the university fees.
Romy wasnt very good at maths at school and always use to get low
marks.
Nowadays more and more people go on to further education.
A lot of vocabulary has to be learnt by heart.
Secondary school is a school for students between the ages of 11 and
16 or 18.
She decided to take a course in maths and accounting.

COLLOQUIAL EXPRESSIONS
It took my breath away.
/t tk ma bre we/

burst into tears
/bst nt tz/
be at deaths door
/bi t des d/
I was dying for a drink.
/a wz da fr drk/

I was at the end of my tether. /a wz t i end v

ma te/
I was on my last legs.
/a wz n ma lst legz/
I was going out of my mind. /a wz g at v

ma mand/
It was mind-blowing.
/t wz mand bl/
be over the moon
/bi v mun/

ma coup le souffle.
clater en larmes
tre larticle de la mort
Javais trs envie de boire.
Jtais bout de nerfs.
Jtais bout de force.
jtais en train de perdre la
raison
Ctait hallucinant.
tre aux anges

The view from the top of the mountain was spectacular it took my
breath away.
She burst into tears when she heard shed failed the exam.
I was at deaths door until I got the antibiotics.
Wed been walking for hours and it was hot and sticky I was dying
for a drink.
When they still hadnt come home by midnight, I was at the end
of my tether.
Id been working for 12 hours and was on my last legs.
Id been waiting all evening for him to call and was
going out of my mind.
'What did you think of the concert?' 'It was mind-blowing.'
I was over the moon when I heard Id passed the exam.

JOB INTERVIEWS
concisely (adv)
/knsasli/

conscientious (adj)
/kniens/
embark on a career
/mbk n kr/
gain experience
/gen ksprins/
highly motivated
/hali mtvetd/

interpersonal skills (n pl)
/ntps()nl sklz/

keenness (n)
/kinns/
lack of experience
/lk v ksprins/
proper planning (n)
/prp pln/
sound confident
/sand knfd()nt/
stick to the point
/stk t pnt/
strengths and weaknesses (n pl) /stres n wiknsz/

de manire concise
consciencieux
embrasser une carrire
amasser de lexprience
hautement motiv
comptences relationnelles
zle
manque dexprience
organisation adquate
se montrer sr de soi
ne pas sloigner du sujet
points forts et points faibles

65

If you speak concisely, you use enough words, but not too many, to
explain what you mean.
Someone who is conscientious works hard.
Hed like to embark on a career in the legal profession.
Its important to gain as much experience as you can.
Someone who is highly motivated works hard and is determined to
succeed.
Good interpersonal skills are necessary when youre working with
other people.
Keenness is a word that means the same as 'enthusiasm'.
Sound confident but admit your lack of experience in certain areas.
Proper planning is an expression meaning 'good organisation'.
Sound confident but admit your lack of experience in certain areas.
Answer questions concisely and stick to the point.
Your strengths are the things you are good at; your weaknesses are
the things you are not good at.

team-player (n)

/timple/

training opportunities (n pl)

waffle (v)
be well-suited to sth

/tren ptjuntz/
/wf()l/
/bi welsutd t sm/

personne qui a lesprit

dquipe
offres de formation
parler pour ne rien dire
bien convenir pour qch

A team-player is someone who is good at working with other people.

Training opportunities are opportunities to get new skills and learn more.
Someone who waffles talks a lot but doesnt say anything important.
Im well-suited to this kind of work because I work well under pressure.

Unit 12 (p.118)
aesthetics (n pl) (TS)
/setks/

chunk (n)
/k/
draught (n)
/drft/
the elements (n pl)
/i elmnts/

estuary (n)
/estjuri/

fossil fuels (n pl)
/fs()l fjulz/
harbour (v)
/hb/

ivy (n)
/avi/

pitch dark (adj)
/p dk/
poker (n)
/pk/
pop next door
/pp nekst d/
raker (n)
/rek/
reliance on sb/sth
/rlans n smbdi

/
rise (past tense rose) (v)
/raz (past tense rz) /
sandbank (n)
/sndbk/
serenity (n)
/srenti/

esthtique
morceau
courant dair
les lments
estuaire
combustible fossile
abriter
lierre
tout fait noir
tisonnier
faire un saut chez le voisin
ratissette
dpendance de qn/qch
se lever
banc de sable
srnit

66

The word 'aesthetics' relates to the appearance of things rather than

their practical use.
A chunk is a large piece of something.
A draught is cold air that comes into a building or room.
'The elements' is an expression used to talk about the weather,
especially the wind and rain.
An estuary is the part of a large river where it becomes wide and
flows into the sea.
Fossil fuels are fuels such as coal or oil; they are bad for the environment.
If something harbours an unpleasant or harmful substance or thing, it
contains it.
Ivy is a plant with dark green leaves that grows up walls or spreads
over a large area.
If a place is pitch dark, it is totally black with no light.
A poker is a metal stick used for moving coal or wood around on a fire.
If you pop next door, you go to see your neighbours.
A raker is a tool used for separating pieces of burning coal on a fire.
The earth shelter demonstrates that you can have a comfortable life
without reliance on fossil fuels.
When you rise in the morning, you get out of bed.
A sandbank is an area of sand at the edge of a river or the sea.
Serenity is a feeling of calm and peace.

at short notice
/t t nts/

socialise (v) (TS)
/slaz/

bref dlai

frquenter

If you do something at short notice, you do it without having much

time to prepare for it.
When you socialise with other people, you spend time with them in a
relaxed way.

immeuble

An apartment block is a tall building containing apartments on

different levels.
A bed and breakfast is a small hotel or private house that provides a
room for the night and breakfast in the morning.
A bungalow is a house on one level.
Central heating is a system that heats a whole house or building.
Earth is the substance in which plants grow that covers most of the land.
An eco-dwelling is a house that is built in a way that is not harmful to
the environment.
An eco-friendly house is designed not to be harmful to the environment.

HOUSES/HOMES
apartment block (n)
/ptmnt blk/

bed and breakfast (n)
/bed n brekfst/

bungalow (n)
/bgl/
central heating (n)
/sentrl hit/
earth (n)
//
eco-dwelling (n)
/ekdwel/

eco-friendly (adj)
/ekfrendli/
en suite (n)
/n swit/
face north/south etc
/fes n/sa/

guesthouse (n)
/gesthas/

heat loss (n)
/hit ls/

layout (n)
/leat/

lighthouse (n)
/lathas/

be in the middle of nowhere /bi n mdl v nwe/

plasterboard (n)
/plstbd/

shelter (n)
/elt/

chambre dhte
pavillon
chauffage central
terre
habitat cologique

respectueux de
lenvironnement
attenant
se situer au nord/sud etc
pension

perte de chaleur

plan, conception

phare
tre perdu
carreau de pltre
abri

67

An en suite is a bathroom that is joined to a bedroom.

One side of the earth shelter faces south with a lot of glass, so we
have a lot of daylight.
A guesthouse is a small hotel or private house where people pay to
stay for the night.
Heat loss is the process by which warm air leaves a house or building
so that it becomes colder.
The layout of a room or house is its shape and the way in which it is
designed.
A lighthouse is a tall, thin building next to the sea with a light that
flashes to warn ships of danger.
If you are in the middle of nowhere, you are in a lonely place that is a
long way from towns and cities.
Plasterboard is plaster that is put between layers of strong paper and
used for covering walls.
A shelter is a place to live.

structure (n)
/strk/
stuffy (adj)
/stfi/
terrace (n)
/ters/

vinyl (n)
/van()l/

structure
mal ar
terrasse

Living in a round structure, you feel protected.

A stuffy room or building does not have enough air.
A terrace is a flat area outside a building where you can sit and have
meals.
Vinyl is a type of light, strong plastic, often used for kitchen floors.

vinyle

FURNISHINGS
bell (n)
/bel/

blinds (n)
/blandz/

bolt (n)
/blt/
candlestick (n)
/knd()lstk/
chrome (n) (TS)
/krm/

coat hook (n)
/kt hk/
curtains (n pl)
/ktnz/
cushion (n)
/k()n/
doormat (n)
/dmt/

double-glazing (n)
/dblglez/

dustpan and brush (n)
/ds(t)pn n br/

fireplace (n)
/faples/
fitted carpet (n)
/ftd kpt/

floor covering (n)
/fl kv()r/

ironing board (n)
/a()n bd/
knocker (n)
/nk/

sonnette

A bell is a piece of equipment on a door that you ring to let someone

know you are there.
Blinds are window covers that you pull down from the top to the
bottom.
A bolt is a metal bar that you slide across a door to lock it.
A candlestick is an object for holding a candle.
Chrome is a hard metal substance used for covering other materials to
make them shiny.
A coat hook is a curved piece of metal used for hanging a coat on.
Curtains are long pieces of material that hang down to cover a window.
A cushion is a small square bag used for making a seat more comfortable.
A doormat is a piece of material that you clean the bottom of your
shoes on before entering a house.
Double-glazing is windows made of two layers of glass to make a
room warmer and quieter.
A dustpan and brush is a small, flat container and brush used for
brushing dirt from the floor into.
A fireplace is a place in a room where the fire burns.
A fitted carpet is a carpet that has been made especially to fit a
particular room.
Floor coverings are materials that are used to cover floors that you
walk on.
An ironing board is a tall, narrow table that you use to do the ironing.
A knocker is a piece of metal on a front door that you use to let
someone know you are there.

stores
verrou
chandelier
chrome

patre
rideaux
coussin
paillasson

double vitrage

pelle et balai
chemine
moquette

revtement de sol

planche repasser
heurtoir

68

latch (n)
/l/
letterbox (n)
/letbks/
light switch (n)
/lat sw/

mantelpiece (n)
/mnt()lpis/

ornament (n)
/nmnt/
parquet (n)
/pke/
patterned wallpaper (n)
/pt()nd wlpep/

power point (n)
/pa pnt/

radiator (n)
/rediet/
rug (n)
/rg/
shaving socket (n)
/ev skt/

shelf (n)
/elf/

shower curtain (n)
/a kt()n/

shutters (n pl)
/tz/

sill (n)
/sl/
sink (n)
/sk/
tea towel (n)
/ti tal/

tiles (n pl)
/talz/

towel rail (n)
/tal rel/
tumble dryer (n)
/tmb()l dra/
washbasin (n)
/wbes()n/

loquet
bote lettres
bouton lectrique

manteau

ornement
parquet
papier peint motif
prise de courant

radiateur
carpette
prise-rasoir
tagre
rideau de douche
volets
rebord
vier
torchon vaisselle

carreaux
porte serviette
sche linge
vier

69

A latch is a thin, metal bar used for keeping a door shut.

A letterbox is a small hole in a door for pushing letters through.
A light switch is a piece of plastic like a button that you use for
switching a light on and off.
A mantelpiece is a shelf above a fireplace that you can put ornaments
or photos on.
An ornament is a small attractive object used for decoration.
Parquet is a floor made of blocks of wood that form a pattern.
Patterned wallpaper is paper that covers the walls of a room with a
design on it.
A power point is a place on a wall where you can connect equipment
to the electricity supply.
A radiator is a large metal object on a wall used for heating a room.
A rug is a small carpet that covers part of a floor.
A shaving socket is a place on a wall in a bathroom where men can
connect their shaver to the electricity supply.
A shelf is a flat piece of wood, metal, or glass used for putting things
such as books on.
A shower curtain is a long piece of plastic that you pull across a
shower to prevent things getting wet.
Shutters are wooden covers used for covering the outside of a window
at night or when it is hot.
A sill is a narrow shelf at the bottom of a window.
A sink is a large, open container for water in a bathroom or kitchen.
A tea towel is a small, cotton towel used for drying dishes, knives,
forks, etc in a kitchen.
Tiles are square, flat pieces of stone or other material used for
covering walls or floors.
A towel rail is a long, thin piece of metal used for putting towels on.
A tumble dryer is a piece of equipment used for drying clothes.
A washbasin is the container in a bathroom used for washing your
face and hands in.

Review D
binoculars (n pl)
grant (n)
invoice (n)
orphanage (n)
troubled (adj)

/bnkjlz/
/grnt/
/nvs/
/f()n/
/trb()ld/

jumelles
allocation
facture
orphelinat
malheureuse

We could see the island in the distance through the binoculars.

Adam got a full grant to pay for his studies.
Could you take these invoices to the accounts department?
An orphanage is a place where children without parents live.
Adam had a troubled childhood and was brought up in an orphanage.

70

Grammar Extra
Unit 1 Les temps des verbes. Les auxiliaires
1re partie: Les temps des verbes
Les temps du prsent
On utilise le prsent simple pour parler dhabitudes et de routines ou de choses qui sont
toujours vraies. I usually go to bed around midnight. / The sun rises in the east.
On utilise le prsent continu pour parler dactivits en train de se drouler maintenant, ou
pour dcrire des situations en train de changer. Im learning Japanese as well as English. / The
Earth is getting warmer.
On utilise le present perfect pour parler de situations du prsent, commences dans le
pass et qui continuent en ce moment, ou qui existent cause dune action acheve du
pass, ou qui eurent lieu un moment non prcis du pass. Ive been taking English
classes since last year. / Look, shes changed her hairstyle. / Weve seen Madonna in concert
nine times!

Les 'question-tags'
En gnral, on emploie une 'question-tag' ngative avec un nonc positif et une 'questiontag' positive avec un nonc ngatif. Youre Irish (+), arent you ()? / Youre not Irish(), are
you (+)?
On utilise they pour se rfrer somebody, anybody/everybody et nobody. 'Somebody must
have seen her, mustnt they?'
On utilise une 'question-tag' positive aprs never, hardly, little. He never gives up, does he?
On peut employer will/would ou can/cant/could aprs des propositions limpratif.
Get me some milk from the shops, would you?
Autres cas: Lets go out for dinner, shall we? / Theres no time left, is there? / Nothing can go
wrong, can it?

Unit 2 Les constructions verbales (1)

Le style indirect signifie que vous utilisez vos propres mots pour rapporter ce que quelquun
a dit.On emploie en gnral les verbes say (that) ou tell (someone that) et ask (someone if /
whether) pour les formes interrogatives.

Les temps du pass

verbe + infinitif (to-infinitive)

On emploie en gnral le prtrit continu (past continuous) en opposition avec le prtrit

simple (past simple) pour parler dactivits en train de se drouler lorsque quelque chose eut
lieu. He was living in London when he met her.
On emploie le plus-que-parfait (past perfect) pour montrer qu une action du pass se
droula avant une autre action du pass. The film had started when I arrived.
On peut utiliser would ou used to pour exprimer des actions du pass rgulires ou
habituelles. When she lived with us, she used to get up at six oclock and would always have
coffee for breakfast.
On peut aussi employer used to mais pas would en rfrence des tats ou des situations
du pass. I used to have a motorbike but I sold it.

En rgle gnrale, ces verbes nont pas de complment dobjet avant linfinitif (to-infinitive):
aim, arrange, attempt, cant afford, decide, hope, intend, manage, offer, plan, refuse, seem,
tend, try.
She manages to stay in shape.
verbe +objet+infinitif(to-infinitive)
a) Ces verbes recoivent parfois un complment dobjet avant linfinitif (to-infinitive):
expect, help, want.
I wanted her to go out with me, but she said she was busy.
b) Ces verbes, en rgle gnrale, ont un complment dobjet avant linfinitif (to-infinitive):
allow, encourage, force, remind, teach, urge, warned (not).
My father taught me to swim when I was five.

2me partie: Les auxiliaires

so / neither (nor)
Les verbes auxiliaires be, have et do sont employs pour former diffrents temps. Ils sont
aussi utiliss avec so and neither (nor) dans les question-tags et les rponses courtes. On
emploie so pour signifier 'also' dans la construction So+auxiliaire+sujet.
'Im American.' 'So am I.'
On emploie neither ou nor pour signifier 'also not' dans la mme construction.
'I cant swim.''Nor can my brother.'
So et neither sont utiliss pour exprimer l'accord entre les personnes qui parlent. Remarquez
ce qui se passe quand les personnes qui parlent ne sont pas daccord. 'Im Irish.' 'Im not.'
(non pas 'Im not Irish.')
/ 'He hasnt got a car.' 'She has.' (non pas 'Shes.')

verbe + grondif
On emploie le grondif aprs les verbes suivants: avoid, cant stand, dont mind, enjoy, fancy,
finish, keep, miss, spend/waste time.
I cant stand being the centre of attention.
verbe+complment dobjet+grondif
Les verbes suivants ont parfois un complment dobjet avant le grondif:
avoid, dont mind, dread.
I dreaded my parents finding out.
verb+complment dobjet+ infinitif sans to
Make et let recoivent un complment dobjet avant linfinitif sans to.
They let me have my own beliefs.

71

Unit 3 Le style indirect. Le conditionnel : expression de lirrel

1re partie: le style indirect
Temps
On effectue une concordance des temps 'en arrire'. Le prsent simple, le prsent progressif
et le present perfect (present simple, present continuous and present perfect) basculent en
prtrit, prtrit progressif et en plus-que-parfait, (past simple, past continuous and past
perfect). Le prtrit et le prtrit continu (past simple and past continuous) basculent en
plus-que-parfait et en plus que-parfait-progressif (past perfect simple and continuous). Les
verbes modaux can et will se changent en could et would. Certaines formes nont pas besoin
de changer : un verbe dj au past perfect reste dans le past perfect; les verbes modaux
could, might et would demeurent dans la mme forme.
Construction des phrases interrogatives indirectes
Lordre des mots dans les phrases interrogatives indirectes est le mme que dans les phrases
affirmatives (sujet + verbe). On nutilise pas do/does/did. Pour les questions yes/no on utilise
if ou whether.
'Do you have enough money?' She asked me if / whether I had enough money.
Pronoms et les adjectifs possessifs penvent diffrer.
Style direct: 'I like your ideas'.
Style indirect1: My boss told me that she liked my ideas.
Style indirect 2: His boss told him that she liked his ideas.
Rfrences temporelles
Voici quelques changements communs utiliss en rfrence au temps pour passer du style direct
lindirect: a few weeks ago a few weeks previously; now then; today that day;
tomorrow the following day; this week that week;next week the following week. 'Ill
see you tomorrow' He said hed see me the following day.

2me partie: Le conditionnel : expression de lirrel

Ces phrases consistent en une subordonne en -if et en une proposition principale et elles
sont employes pour exprimer des situations peu probables du prsent ou du pass.

Subordonne avec -if

La subordonne avec -if exprime la condition. Pour montrer que la situation est imaginaire,
on effectue une concordance de temps en arrire (present past; past past perfect).

Situation relle

Situation imaginaire

Im not rich.
I spent too much money.

If I was/were rich,
If I hadnt spent so much money,

Proposition principale
La proposition principale exprime le rsultat de la subordonne conditionnelle et peut
rfrer soit au prsent(1) would/nt + infinitif sans to, soit au pass (2) would/nt + have +
participe pass.

Subordonne en -if

Proposition principale

If I hadnt wasted all my money,

I wouldnt be poor now. (1)

I wouldnt have lost my house. (2)

Unit 4 Les temps de la narration. Futur progressif et futur

antrieur (Future continuous et future perfect)
1re partie: Les temps de la narration

Prtrit simple et prtrit continu (Past simple and continuous)

Le prtrit simple (past simple) est utilis en gnral pour fixer des actions du pass.
On peut lemployer pour dcrire les vnements principaux dune histoire. La plupart des
verbes sont rguliers et se terminent en-d/-ed/-ied, bien que les verbes les plus utiliss soient
souvent irrguliers.
Le prtrit continu (past continuous) est souvent utilis en contraste avec le prtrit (past
simple). On peut lemployer pour dcrire une action qui tait en train de se drouler quand
les vnements principaux de lhistoire eurent lieu.
When they looked back, the polar bear was running after them.
Plus-que-parfait simple et plus-que-parfait progressif (Past perfect simple and continuous)
Le plus-que-parfait (past perfect) peut tre utilis soit la forme simple quand on se rfre
une action acheve, soit laspect progressif en rfrence une action en train de se
drouler; les deux stant nettement passes avant les faits principaux de lhistoire. When
they made their first stop, they had been travelling for 12 hours. / He was just twenty-three
and had never been on a polar expedition.

2me partie: futur progressif (future continuous) et futur antrieur

(future perfect)
On emploie le futur continu pour parler dune action qui sera en train de se drouler un
certain moment du futur.
Dont phone at 8.00 well be having dinner.
On emploie le futur antrieur pour parler dune action qui sera acheve avant un certain
moment du futur. Ill have finished work by 5.30.

Unit 5 La frquence: expression de lhabitude dans le prsent

et dans le pass. Formation des temps (2)
1re partie: expression de lhabitude dans le prsent et dans le pass
will / would
Pour parler de comportement habituel, caractristique et prvisible, on peut utiliser will au
prsent et would au pass.
Hell get up at seven oclock and he wont talk to anyone until hes finished his breakfast. /
Id walk home every day unless it was raining.

72

Will et would sont presque toujours contracts (ll, d). Les formes compltes peuvent
exprimer la colre. She will insist on opening all the windows.
used to
On peut employer used to pour parler dhabitudes, dtats ou de situations du pass.
I used to have a pet rabbit called 'Dingbat'. / I used to come home from school every day at
five oclock.
I didnt use to enjoy sports lessons.

progressive. Shes lost her keys (NON PAS Shes been losing her keys).
! Les verbes dcrivant des tats sont trs rarement utiliss la forme progressive. Ive
known her for years (NOT Ive been knowing her for years).

Part 2me partie: Rvision de la voix passive

Dans les phrases la voix passive, lobjet du verbe actif devient le sujet du verbe passif.

2me partie: Les constructions verbales

Un petit groupe de verbes peuvent tre suivis soit par un infinitif , soit par un grondif,
chaque fois en ayant un sens diffrent.
1 try
Avec l infinitif laction du verbe nest pas acheve avec succs. I tried to make her
understand my feelings, but she wouldnt listen.
Avec le grondif, laction du verbe est acheve avec succs mais sans le rsultat dsir. I tried
leaving her messages, but she never replied.
2 stop
En utilisant linfinitif, on donne la raison (de stopper lactivit). She stopped to tell me about
her boyfriend when I saw her in town.
En utilisant le grondif, on explicite que lactivit a stopp. She stopped talking to him after
they split up.
3 remember, (never/not) forget
En utilisant linfinitif, on se rfre des actions que quelquun est/tait suppos faire. I
remembered to buy her a birthday card. But I forgot to post it.
En utilisant le grondif, on se rfre des vnements, des actions prcises qui se sont
vraiment droules. I remember meeting her in a bar. (= I met her and now I remember this
meeting.) / Ill never forget kissing her for the first time.
Attention : en rgle gnrale, on nutilise pas laffirmatif de forget + grondif (He forgot
meeting Bob.). 'Dont remember' est plutt employ (He didnt remember meeting Bob.).

Unit 6 Present perfect simple et continu. Rvision de la voix

passive
1re partie: Present perfect simple et continu
Le present perfect montre un lien entre le pass et le prsent. Il dcrit des actions ou des
processus qui eurent lieu (action acheve) ou qui taient en train de se drouler (action
inacheve) dans le pass jusquau moment prsent in time 'up-to-now'.
La forme simple dcrit en gnral des actions acheves. On ne prcise pas quand. Ive been
to Rome.
La forme progressive dcrit en gnral des actions inacheve ou des processus en cours. On
prcise depuis quand. Ive been going to Rome since I was a child.
La forme progresive peut aussi dcrire une action qui
vient juste de finir, and qui a des effets dans le prsent . My hairs wet because Ive been
swimming.
! Les verbes dcrivant des actions uniques ne sont pas, en rgle gnrale, utiliss la forme

sujet

verbe actif

objet

Somebody

s eaten

my sandwich!

sujet

verbe passif

My sandwich

has been eaten!

sujet

verbe actif

objet

The police

are holding

two men.

sujet

verbe passif

by + agent

Two men

are being held

by the police

Dans les phrases la voix passive, 'celui qui fait laction '- appel 'agent' peut soit ne pas
tre du tout mentionn soit tre mentionn la fin de la phrase ; il est alors introduit alors
par by.

Unit 7 Les semi-modaux. Les articles

1re partie: les semi-modaux
En plus des neuf 'auxiliaires modaux purs' (can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should,
must), il existe des expressions aux fonctions semblables et qui sont appeles des 'semimodaux: be allowed to, have to, need to and ought to.
Fonction

affirmative

ngative

construction

Expression de la
permission

was/were allowed to
could

wasnt/werent
allowed to
couldnt

+ infinitif (sans to)

(go / do etc.)

Expression de la
ncessit

had to
needed to

didnt have to
didnt need to

Expression de ' ce qui

aurait pu se produire'

should have
ought to have

shouldnt have
ought not to have

+ participe pass
(gone / done etc.)

73

2me partie: les articles

Pas d article
On nutilise pas d article avec les noms propres tels que les noms de lieux, de personnes et
de socits.
Ian Smith is from Leeds. He works at IBM.
Sauf lorsque larticle fait partie dun nom (The USA, The BBC, The Beatles).
Larticle indfini signifiant 'un, on ne lemploie pas avec des pluriels ou des indnombrables.
He had lots of ideas, but not much money.
L article indfini a/an: pose lexistence
On emploie a/an quand on mentionne pour la premire fois des personnes, des endroits ou
des objets nouveaux. There was a tourist from the USA.
Larticle dfini the: se rfre ou identifie
On peut utiliser the quand on se rfre une personne ou une chose mentionne auparavant.
The tourist took a photo of a fisherman. (Le touriste a dj t mentionn.)
On peut aussi utiliser the quand la personne ou la chose est un fait notoire.
The sun shone brightly as he looked out at the ocean.
(De quel soleil et de quel ocan il sagit sont une vidence.)
Rfrence et vidence peuvent sajouter. He took a photograph. The click of the camera
woke the man up. (Nous savons que pour prendre une photo, il faut un appareil et que la
plupart ont un dclic.)
Remarque : en rgle gnrale, larticle dfini nest pas utilis avec des noms au pluriel ou
avec des noms indnombrables. Tigers are endangered. / Time is money.

Unit 8 have / get something done. Les structures du

conditionnel: expression de lirrel

Subordonne conditionnelle

If
Imagine (that)
Supposing (that)
Suppose (that)
Assuming (that)

subject

2me partie: les structures du conditionnel, expression de lirrel

En rgle gnrale, on commence avec if une subordonne conditionnelle exprimant lirrel
lorsque lon pose des questions. Voici quelques possibilits.

past simple
past continuous
were to + inf.
might
past perfect

what
where
how
etc.

would
could
might

subject

infinitive?
be +
participe
prsent?
have +
participe
pass?

Imagine you were meeting someone for the first time, how would you introduce yourself?
Assuming that you were to go on another date, where might you be planning to meet?

Unit 9 Les modaux du pass exprimant la dduction. look,

seem, appear
1re partie: les modaux du pass pour exprimer la dduction
Il existe plusieurs manires d exprimer des degrs de certitude propos de quelque chose du
pass.
Degr de certitude

probabilit Modaux du pass

Autres phrases

99% certain it WAS.

must

Im almost certain it was

may
(It) could + have + participe pass
might

Im uncertain

cant

Im sure it wasnt

1re partie: have / get something done

On emploie have something done quand quelquun fait quelque chose pour vous. Comparez
les deux phrases.
Mandy cut her hair last week. (= Elle les a coups elle-mme.)
Mandy had her hair cut last week. (= Quelqu un lui a coup les cheveux.)
Remarque : get something done est plus familier.

Proposition principale

99% certain it WASNT.

Stonehenge might have been a kind of temple. It must have taken a long time to move the
huge stones.
! Loppos de must have been est cant have been: It cant have been easy trying to move
stones without wheels.
They must have been really heavy.

2me partie: look, seem, appear

look / seem + adjectif
Le verbe look se rfre au sens de la vue et il est suivi par un adjectif . He looks great for his
age.Les verbes sappliquant aux autres sens suivent la mme construction (She sounds nice.
It tastes great. It feels cold. That smells good.)

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look like + nom

Cette construction veut dire ressembler , en rgle gnrale, on y fait suivre un nom.
He looks like Brad Pitt. (=Il ressemble Brad Pitt.)
look / seem as if / though + locution verbale
On emploie cette construction pour dcrire quoi quelque chose ressemble. Le verbe de la
phrase peut tre employ tous les temps. It looks as if its fallen over. / She always seems
as though shes going to cry.
seem / appear + to be
Cette construction sert dcrire ce que lon ressent dune situation. En rgle gnrale, on y
fait suivre un adjectif ou un nom. She seems sad. / He appears to be in trouble.

why its so cold.

On peut remplacer What par All pour insister.
The only thing that. I only want to play tennis. All I really want to do is play tennis.
It is / was + subordonne relative
Cette construction peut tre utilise pour mettre laccent sur presque nimporte quelle partie
dune phrase. Carla Bruni married Nicolas Sarkozy in Paris
in 2008. It was Carla Bruni who married / It was Paris where Carla Bruni married / It
was in 2008 that Carla Bruni married
Cette construction est souvent employe pour corriger ce que quelquun dit. It wasnt
Juliette Binoche who married Nicolas Sarkozy, it was Carla Bruni.

Unit 10 Subordonnes relatives. Insistance (phrases clives)

Unit 11 Les expressions du futur et les subordonnes

temporelles exprimant le futur

1re partie: Subordonnes relatives

Relatives non-dterminatives
On les utilise dans deux cas principaux . Soit pour commenter la proposition principale, soit
pour ajouter quelque information non-essentielle sur la personne ou la chose dont on parle.
Comparez les phrases suivantes:
Hes going out with Julie, which I cant stand. (= un commentaire qui touche lensemble de
la proposition principale )
Hes going out with Julie, who I cant stand. (= un commentaire ou une 'information
supplmentaire' propos de Julie)
La relative non-dterminative commence toujours par un pronom relatif et elle est spare
de la pricipale par des virgules.
On nemploie pas that avec des relatives non-dterminatives.
On emploie toujours which pour introduire un commentaire qui porte sur lensemble de la
proposition pricipale.
Relatives dterminatives
On emploie une relative dterminative pour savoir exactement de quelle personne ou
de quelle chose il sagit. Quand le pronom relatif (who, that ou which) est le sujet de la
relative, son emploi est obligatoire . I like friends who never let me down.
Cependant, quand le pronom relatif est le complment dobjet de la relative, son emploi
nest pas obligatoire. Hes got a job that hes really interested in. ou Hes got a job hes really
interested in.
Remarque : Un autre pronom relatif nest pas ncessaire. hes really interested in. (NOT
hes really interested in it.)
! L emploi de whose est toujours obligatoire. Thats the man whose dog bit my son.

2me partie: Linsistance (phrases clives)

Les constructions avec What (= La(les) choses(s) qui)
On peut employer What is/was pour mettre laccent soit sur le sujet, soit sur le
complment dune phrase. I dont understand why its so cold. What I dont understand is

Will (ll), (be) going to, and the present continuous

Ce sont les trois formes habituelles pour exprimer le futur.
1 Will (ll) est utilis pour des prdictions ou des dcisions ragissant des circonstances
telles que des offres, des promesses et des demandes. Itll be worth a fortune in a few years
time. / Ill give you my photograph now.
2 (be) going to est employ pour des intentions ou des prdictions bases sur des vidences
actuelles. Im going to concentrate on my musical career. / Look at those clouds. Its going to
pour down in a minute.
3 Le prsent continu est utilis pour parler de dispositions.
Im moving to London next month.
Le prsent simple
On peut utiliser ce temps pour parler dvnements fixes du futur: emplois du temps,
routines, horaires. My exams start next week.
might and may
Sil sagit de la spculation dune possibilit future, on peut utiliser might ou may. He might
have to get a part-time job.
Le futur continu
On emploie ce temps pour parler d une action se droulant un certain moment dans le
futur. This time next week Ill be trekking in Nepal.
Le futur antrieur (future perfect)
On emploie ce temps pour parler dune action acheve un certain moment dans le futur.
The builder will have finished the kitchen walls by the end of the week.
Les subordonnes temporelles exprimant le futur (if, when, as soon as )
Sil est vident, partir de la proposition principale que la subordonne fait rfrence au
futur, on nutilise pas de forme au futur dans la subordonne. When I leave school, Im
going to concentrate on my music career. (non pas When I will leave school, ) / Itll be a
miracle if shes passed the exam.
(non pas if she will have passed the exam.)

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Autres conjonctions introduisant les subordonnes:

after, as soon as, before, once, the moment, the minute, unless, until.

Unit 12 Subordonnes participiales.Les noms et les

expressions de la quantit
1re partie: subordonnes participiales
Quand un participe prsent ou pass est partie dune subordonne relative, on peut omettre
le pronom relatif (who, which, etc.) et lauxiliaire be. We live in a house located in the
centre of town. (= We live in a house which is located in the centre of town.)
On appelle les subordonnes relatives avec omission du pronom des subordonnes
participiales (='participle clauses') ou 'reduced relative clauses'. Comme pour les autres
relatives, elles peuvent tre dterminatives ou non-dterminatives.
Relative dterminative avec omission du pronom: The man walking down the street is my
neighbour. (= The man who is walking down the street is my neighbour.)
Les relatives non-dterminatives avec omission du pronom comprennent en plus une
information non-essentielle qui est spare de la proposition principale par des virgules. His
house, built in the 1930s, needs redecorating. (= His house, which was built in the 1930s,
needs redecorating.)

2me partie: les noms et les expressions de la quantit

On emploie les dterminants (every, most, no) et les quantifieurs (all of, most of, none of) to
pour exprimer la quantit.
1 Expressions de la quantit avec des noms dnombrables et indnombrables: none, not any,
hardly any, some, a lot, loads, plenty.
2 Expressions de la quantit utilises seulement avec des noms dnombrables: (very) few, a
few, several, (too/not) many.
3 Expressions de la quantit utilises seulement avec des noms indnombrables: (very) little, a
little, a bit, (too/not) much.
4 Si larticle dfini (the), un pronom possessif (my, your, etc.) ou un pronom
dmonstratif(that, these, etc.) est devant le nom, on utilise une expression de la quantit
avec of: Several of my friends live in small villages. (non pas Several my friends )
5 Pour parler de petits nombres ou de petites quantits, on peut utiliser a few / a little pour
accentuer le positif (some), ou few / little pour mettre lacent sur le ngatif (not many/
much): We did it because we wanted to have a little fun. Please hurry up! Theres very little
time.
Les formes verbales
On emploie une forme de verbe au singulier si le nom aprs of est indnombrable (U) ou au
singulier. On emploie une forme de verbe au pluriel si le nom est dnombrable. (C).
Theres lots of traffic (U) in the centre;
There are lots of tourists (C) in summer.

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