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Chng 2
25
Cv
m
XV
T t s
yv
[m/ph]
(2-1)
vi - t: chiu su ct , mm
s: lng n dao, l dch chuyn ca dao khi chi tit quay c mt vng,
mm/vg
T: bn ca dao l thi gian lm vic ca dao gia hai ln mi dao k tip,
ph
Cv, xv, yv, m l h s v s m ph thuc vo vt liu chi tit, vt liu dao v
phng php gia cng
m bo nng sut cao nht, s dng my trit nht th trong qu
trnh gia cng phi lun t tc ct ti u, n c xc nh bi cc
thng s: su ct t, lng n dao s v tc trc chnh ng vi ng
knh chi tit xc nh. Khi tin ngang chi tit c ng knh ln, trong qu
trnh gia cng, ng knh chi tit gim dn, duy tr tc ct (m/s) ti
u l hng s, th phi tng lin tc tc gc ca trc chnh theo quan h:
v = 0,5dct.ct
(2-2)
vi dct: ng knh chi tit, m
Trong qu trnh gia cng, ti im tip xc gia dao v chi tit xut hin
mt lc F gm 3 thnh phn v lc ct c xc nh theo cng thc:
Fz = 9,81CF.txF.syF.vn ,
[N]
(2-3)
Qu trnh tin xy ra vi cng sut ct
Fz
(kW) l hng s:
Pz = Fz.v.10-3 , [kW]
(2-4)
Bi v lc ct ln nht Fmax sinh ra khi lng
n dao v su ct ln, tng ng vi tc
ct nh Vmin; cn lc ct nh nht Fmin , xc
nh bi t, s tng ng vi tc ct Vmax,
ngha l tng ng vi h thc:
Fmax.vmin = Fmin.vmax
(2-5)
V
S ph thuc ca lc ct vo tc nh h2.2
Tuy nhin nh phn tch, dng th ph ti Hnh 2-2 th ph ti ca
thc t ca truyn ng chnh my tin c dng truyn ng chnh my tin
hai vng Fz = const v Pz = const (h 1.4)
26
27
s' =
s
,
2
[mm/rad]
Lc v mmen ph ti ca truyn ng n
dao khng ph thuc vo tc ca n, v ph
ti ca truyn ng n dao ch c xc nh bi
khi lng b phn di chuyn ca my v lc
ma st g trt v hp tc .
V
Trn th ph ti ca truyn ng n dao hnh
V1
V2
V3
2.4, di tc rng v1< v <v2 momen ph ti
Hnh 2.4 th ph ti ca
l hng s, vng tc v< v1 v v>v2 momen
truyn ng n dao
ph ti s thay i tuyn tnh theo tc
3) Thi gian my
Thi gian my (thi gian gia cng) ca my tin c xc nh:
tM =
l.10 3
, [s]
v ad
(2-7)
ct .s'
, [s]
(2-8)
28
d0
d2
d1
4
Qu trnh tnh ton nh sau:
3
2
a) T cc yu t ch ct gt, theo
cc cng thc (2-1), (2-3), (2-4) v
1
(2-8) xc nh tc ct, lc ct,
cng sut ct v thi gian gia cng
ng vi tng nguyn cng. Nu tc
ct tnh c khng ph hp tc
ca my (theo s liu k thut c
l1
l3
kh) th chn ly tr s c sn trong
l2
l4
my gn ging vi tc ct tnh
ton.
Hnh 2-5 Chi tit c gia cng trn
Dng tr s ny tnh li Pz, tm,
my tin
theo (2-4) v (2-8). Tr s V, Pz, tm
ny c dng chnh thc trong ton b bi ton.
b) Chn nguyn cng nng n nht v gi thit nguyn cng y my lm
vic ch nh mc. T xc inh hiu sut ca my ng vi ph ti
ca tng nguyn cng theo cng thc:
M hi
=
M hi + M ms
1
a
1+ + b
t
Pzi
Gi thit trong thi gian g lp, tho g chi tit, chuyn i t nguyn
cng ny sang nguyn cng khc, ng c quay khng ti (m khng ct
in ng c) th cng sut trn trc ng c lc ny l cng sut khng ti
ca my, tc l bng lng mt mt khng i: Po= a.Pcm
(2-9)
ng vi cng sut ny l thi gian ph ca my, chng c xc nh
theo tiu chun vn hnh ca my t0
c) ng c c th chn theo cng sut trung bnh hoc cng sut ng tr:
Ptb =
i =1
j =1
Pci + P0 j
4
t
i =1
mi
+ t0 j
j =1
hoc
Pdt =
Pci2 .t mi + P02j .t 0 j
i =1
j =1
t
i =1
trong :
mi
+ t0 j
j =1
29
Pc1
P0
Pc3
P0
P0
P0
t
t01
tm1
t02
tm2
t03
tm3
t04
tm4
Tck
Hnh 2-6 th ph ti ca ng c
Chn ng c c cng sut nh mc ln hn 20 30% cng sut trung
bnh hay ng tr:
Pm (1,2 1,3) Ptb hoc Pm= (1,2 1,3)Pt
(2-12)
d) ng c truyn ng chnh my tin cn phi c kim nghim theo
iu kin pht nng v qu ti
2.4 Nhng yu cu v c im i vi truyn ng in v trang b in
ca my tin
1. Nhng yu cu v c im chung
a. Truyn ng chnh: Truyn ng chnh cn phi c o chiu quay
m bo quay chi tit c hai chiu, v d khi ren tri hoc ren phi. Phm
vi iu chnh tc trc chnh D< (40125)/1 vi trn iu chnh =
1,06 v 1,21 v cng sut l hng s (Pc = const).
ch xc lp, h thng truyn ng in cn m bo cng c
tnh c trong phm vi iu chnh tc vi sai s tnh nh hn 10% khi ph
ti thay i t khng n nh mc. Qu trnh khi ng , hm yu cu phi
trn, trnh va p trong b truyn lc. i vi my tin c nng v my tin
ng dng gia cng chi tit c ng knh ln, m bo tc ct ti u
30
v
D
v
D
max
= max . ct max = max . d max
min Dct min v min
v min Dct min
(2-13)
31
RV
UV
RTr2 UD
RTr1
RTr1
KT
RTr2(T)
1BK
RTr2(N)
2BK
RT
RTr3
RTr3
Bn dao
RD
RN
FT1
RTr1
RTr3
KN
FT2
RT
RT
RC
Uc
X
RN
RN
BB
(a)
Bn dao
+
C1
FT2
RD
Rv
X32
U~
C2
Uph
CL2
Uc
BB
(b)
CKFT
X31
FT
CL1
Uc
Uph
BB
(c)
32
33
FT2
BB1
FT1
RD
Ucd
BB2
34
35
K2
RH
RCB
Rh
RC
RG1
RD1
-
+
KT
K3
K3
K1
RD
CK
K2
RT
RTT
2
3
4
1C
N
2C
T
RG
K1 G
RD2
Rf
CKF
K2
RG2
KN
CK1
K4
H1
K4
H2
K1
T
LT
TT
2RL
TN
K3
1RL
RCB
LN
3RL
M3
1KX
KN
2KX
KT
3RL
LN
RH
4RL
K4
LT
K1
K2
N
G
RH
RCB
K1
LT
22
3RL
23
LN
24
25
1KBR
2RL
1RL
2KBR
3KBR
KT
KN
26
27
28
K1
29
30
31
K2
32
33
34
35
DBT
CTC2
17
20
K3
RT
CTC1
15
16
21
LT
14
M1
RNT RC
13
19
T
2RL
N
M2
11
12
18
1RL
LN
10
KT
KT
6
7
T
KN
K1
4KBR
K4
36
1RL
37
2RL
38
4RL
39
36
37
38
AT
K1
K2
AT2
AT1
BA4
BA3
BA5
n cc
truyn ng
ph
Lk
BA2
BA6
O2
Uk
CL2
BB1
R1
BB2
r2
CL3
BA1
CL1
R2
r1
CKFT
RH
O1
+
21
15
R8 R8
R12
R11
17
R9
R9
25
33
RTr1
R7
R10
R11
R11
R9
R9
35
R10 39 R9
37
R10
RV
RVD
43
(6)
R5
49
R3
R4 R3
R3
R9
51
RTr2
R6
RTr1
R1
R4
RTT
R10
BK1
BK2
47
R2
(8)
R3
(9)
K1
BK3
R4
R3
D3
BK4
(10)
R6
R9
RBT
R4
R4
MT
R8
LV
R7
MN
R6
R5
R5
R6
R5
R7
RC
RTT
R8
R6
K2
RBT
BK2
H2
(17)
(18)
(19)
BK1
H1
D3
(15)
(16)
R9
R12
(13)
(14)
R6
HC
(11)
(12)
R5
R11
R2
BK1
(5)
(7)
RD
R5
R3
R11
FT
45
31
5
R9
R1
R10
R7
R6
(3)
(4)
R3 R4
R9
9
K2
RTh
R5
R9
41
RTr2
29
27
R11
35
R9
O3
11
K1
K2
19
(1)
(2)
M2
D2
23
R11
13
K1
RA
M1
D1
CK
Tr
1
RTT
RC
D4
H3
R7
D6
D5
RA
RAK
RBT
RAL
R8
R9
(20)
RA
(21)
RTh
(22)
RBT
(23)
C
(24)
39
40
41
f/ Hm my
Gi s ng c ang quay thun nh trnh by mc e/. Cc phn t
ang c in l R5, R1, R3, R8, R12.
n nt dng D3(13) R5(13) = 0, R5(5) = 0, R1(5) = 0, + R5(9)
= 1, nhng R3(9) = 1, + R5(18) = 0, R8(18) = 0, R8(1-3) = 0, +
R8(15-13) = 0, Uc t ln trn R(5-9) bng 0 Uk UFT ngha l t l
vi tc ca ng c.
Lc ny, th ti im 35 ln hn th ti im 17 (do Uc =0) nn iot
O3 kho, RTr1(33-35) = 1, RTr1(15) = 1, R11(15) = 1, R11(1723) = 1, + R11(19-35) = 1, + R11(17-19) = 0, + R11(23-35) = 0, cc tnh
dng ca FT c t vo im 21 cho ph hp vi cc tnh u vo ca
b K.
R11(5) = 0, + R11(7) = 1, R2(8) = 1. Trn b BB2, nhm chnh lu
phi trn dng lm vic, nhm chnh lu pha di lm vic. Tc ng c
gim tc o chiu quay. Trong giai on gim tc ny, in p Uk do t
l vi tc nn cng gim theo lm cho in p ra ca b BB1 cng gim
nn tc gim cng nhanh.
Qu trnh gim tc lm cho th ti im 35 cng gim; n lc th ti
im 35 gn bng th ti im 33 th RTr1(33-35) thi tc ng R11(15)
= 0, R11(19-35) = 0, + R11(17 -23) = 0, ct in p t vo b K(2123) Uk= 0 UBB1= 0 ng c dng quay.
Nu n mt trong cc nt D3 D6 RA(21) = 0, RA(2) = 0,
K1(1) = 0; iu ny cng nh n vo D1(1). Khi K1(12) = 0, R5(13) = 0,
v R8(18) = 0, qu trnh hm xy ra tng t nh n D3.
Nu n vo D2(3) K2(3) = 0, K2(l) = 0, cc b bin i BB1 v
BB2 mt in, ng c dng t do.
Hm khi ng c ang quay ngc- t nghin cu
g/Th my
Quay b khng ch KC(17) v v tr HC R7(17) = 1, R7(15) = 0,
mt duy tr cho R5 ch th my.
h/Tin ct hay tin mt u
Khi tin ct, lc dao ct i dn vo tm chi tit th tc quay ca chi tit
cn phi tng tng ng m bo cho lng ct l khng i nhm gi
vng nng sut ca my.
Lc tin ct, chn ch tin ct trn mt my cho BK5(20) = 1,
R9(20) = 1. Ch tin ct tng t nh ch tin thng, ch thm c
R9 tc ng, ngha l khi ta chn ch tin ct quay thun chng hn th
cc phn t c in l R5, R1, R3, R8, R12, R9. Lc ny in p Uc t ln
bin tr Rv do R9(3-5) = 0, + R9(9-110 = 0, R9(13-25) = 1, R9(17-29) = 1;
42
43
AT1
AT1
AT1
R1
BA1
RD1
(1)
R3
BA1
(2)
R10
BB
CL1
(3)
FT2
R10 R10
CK1
CKFT2
(4)
NC1
BK1
R4
RD2
FT1
D
RX
1 KC1 1
(5)
RL KT
R1
C1
R1
C2
C3
R2
C4
2
R2
1 KC1 1
R9
R8
R2
R4
K
H1
R5
H2
R6
H3
R7
H4
R1
(6)
R2
(7)
R3
(8)
R4
(9)
R5
(10)
R6
(11)
R7
(12)
R8
(13)
R9
(14)
(15)
(16)
BK2
R5
R6
BK3
KC2
R8
R9
NC3
BK4
NC4
BK5
R7
BK1
NC2
BK2
R4
R5
BK3
BK5
R6
R7
NC5
NC6
NC7
NC8
44