Note that you should read the chapters in order, because often later material

depends on concepts and skills covered in earlier chapters.

All New Electronics Self-Teaching Guide, Third Edition, is presented in a
self-teaching format that allows you to learn easily and at your own pace.
The material is presented in numbered sections called problems. Each problem
presents some new information and gives you a question to answer, or an
experiment to try. To learn most effectively, you should cover up the answers
with a sheet of paper and try to answer each question on your own. Then,
compare your answer with the correct answer that follows. If you miss a
question, correct your answer and then go on. If you miss many in a row,
go back and review the previous section, or you may miss the point of the
material that follows.
Be sure to try to do all of the experiments. They are very easy and help
reinforce your learning of the subjectmatter. If you dont have the equipment to
do an experiment, simply reading through itwill help you to better understand
the concepts it demonstratesdown to about 5 torr. These methods are based on the relation of
heat conduction
and radiation from a heating element to the number of gas molecules
per unit volume in the low-pressure region, which determines the pressure.
Ionization gauges can be used to measure pressures down to about 2 torr. The
gas is ionized with a beam of electrons and the current is measured between two
electrodes in the gas. The current is proportional to the number of ions per unit
volume, which is also proportional to the gas pressure.