Practice Test 4 Bai thuc hanh 4 Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 135136 - Peterson's TOEFL PracticeSection 1 LISTENING COMPREHENSION NGHE HIEU This section tests your ability to com- prehend spoken English. It is divided into three parts, each with its own di- rections. During actual exams. you are not permitted to turn the page during the reading of the directions or to take notes at any time. Section nay kiém tra kha ning hiéu vin néi tiéng Anh ctia ban. No duge chia thanh ba phan, méi phan cé hudng din riéng. Trong bai thi that, khi huéng din dang doc trén bing, ban Ahéng duge phép lat trang hodc ghi chi vao bat cif Itic nao. PART A Directions: Each item in this part consists of a brief conversation involving two speakers. Following each conversation, a third voice will ask a question You will hear the conversations and questions only once, and they will not be written out When you have heard each conversation and question, réad the four answer choices and select the one - (A), (B), (C), or (D) - that best answers the question based on what is directly stated or on what can be inferred. Then fill in the space on your answer sheet that matches the letter of the answer that you have selected Here is an example. You will hear: You will read (A) Open the window (8) Move the chair. (C) Leave the room (0) Take a seat Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 137From the conversation you find out that the woman thinks the man should put the chair over by the window. The best answer to the question "What does the-woman think the man should do?" is (B), "Move the chair." You should fill in (B) on your answer sheet Sample Answer (A) (B (C) (0) (A) (8) (C (0) (A) 8) (C) (D) (A) (8 (c) (0) WAIT SL He wants to know how Donna feels. Maybe Donna can organize the slide show, He wants to know whal present Donna got Donna has already seen the show. Make some tea. Wash out a cup. Get the key. Clean the spoon. He hasn't been alone lately. He hasn't been here recently. He has been acting strangely He has to be reminded several times She will do anything but play golf She seldom wants to do any- thing. She never plays, but she'd like to, She is an enthusiastic golfer. 158 - Peterson's TOEFL Practice 9 (A (8) (2) (0) (A (8) It's too hot to eat. There's not enough of it. He doesn’ tlike the way it tastes. He thinks it’s too cool. The merchandise is in storage That store sells fine house- wares. (C) No one knows where the store is (D) The goods are upstairs some- where (A) She finds reading poetry re- warding (8) She made some beautiful pot- tery. (C) She wrote some award-winning poems. (D) She is now writing for a news- paper, (A) They were free (8) He’s going to give them away. (C) They were inexpensive (D) He has to retum them soon (A) He repaired her guitar. (B) He sold her a new guitar. (C) He has a better guitar now. (D) Hes a good guitarist.10. (A) (8) (c) (0) 11.(A) (8) (C) (0) 12. (A) (8) (°) « (0) 13.(A) (8) (C) (D) 14: (A) (8) (9) (D) 15: (A) (8) (C) (0) 16. (A) () (c) (0) He isn’t going out today. The wind is dying down. He thinks today is Wednesday. The wind is strong today. His picture appears on the book. His photographs are in the box. He autographed the new book His new book is very interest- ing. He didn’t understand the man- ual. The electricity has gone off. He couldn't find the manual. The printer is out of order. She's not home now. He's not sure if she’s there. She's talking on another phene. He can see her. Forget about the concert. Spend some time practicing. Find a new place to live. Go to another concert. He didn’t like mathematics. He'll be a great mathematician someday. He’s no longer studying mathe- matics. He was failing mathematics. Anger. Surprise. Confusion. Happiness. 17.14 (B) (c i) ) 18. (A) (8) (C ) (0) 19.(A) (8) ira (0 ) 20. (A) 8 ((s (0) ) ) 21. (A) (8) (c) (0) ) She couldn’t get dinner reser- vations. She didn’t need reservations for dinner. She was the last person to arrive at the restaurant. She had made reservations for dinner a long tithe ago. Go to a lecture. Call her sister. Attend a planning meeting. Go bowling. Where he went to buy the cam- corder. How much a good used cam- corder costs. What condition the camcorder is in. How many days he’s had his camcorder. She should wear her old glasses. Her headaches will soon disap- pear. She ought to take off her glasses. Her glasses look a little like his. He paid it today for the first time. He pays it after it’s due. He pays it on the last day of the month. He's planning to pay it tomor- row. 22.(A) She'll be home on time. (8) She was late for work (C) She's working overtime. (D) She missed work again Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 13923. (A). The man must wait before tak- 27. (A) Order a meal. ing it (8) Write a check. (8) The second half is even more (C) Look for the waiter. difficult, (D) Get the waiter’s attention. (C) The man should take only the 28. (A) She will probably win. first half. (8) She hasn't improved her game (D) It's not as hard as the man recently. i thinks. (C) No one ever sees her on the 24. (A) She only read it two times. court. (8) She doesn’t understand it (D) She doesn’t think she can win. (C) She likes it very much. 29.(A) They couldn't finish cleaning in (D) She has dozens of copies. time. 25.(A) Make an important discovery. (8) They helped herclean the apart- (8) Perform an experiment with ment penicillin. (C) They didn’t have much clean- (C) Study something other than bi- ing to do. ology. (0) They had to work and couldn't (0) Discover a substitute for peni- clean. cillin. 30.(A) After class today. 26.(A) A lot of people attended. (8) After today’s meeting. (8) The debate involved only a few (C) Before class on Friday. issues. (0) After class on Friday. (C) Many people changed their plans. (0) The debate lasted a long time PART.B Directions: This part of the test consists of extended conversations between two speakers. After each of these conversations there are a number of questions. You will hear each conversation and question only once, and the questions are not written out. When you have heard each questions, read. the four answer choices and select the ona - (A), (B), (C), or (D) - that best answers the question based on what is directly stated or on what can be inferred. Then fill in the space ‘on your answer sheet that matches the letter of the answer that you have selected. 140 - Peterson's TOEFL PracticeDon’t forget: During actual exams, taking notes or writing in your test book is not permitted 31.(A) A multiple-choice exam (8B) A chemistry exam. (C) An essay exam. (D) A geology exam. 32.(A) Its relative hardness. (B). Its true color. (C) Its chemical composition. (D) Its relative purity. 33. (A) They are never effective. (B) They are simple to perform. (C) They are not always conclusive. {D) They are usually undepend- able. 34.(A) Flight attendant. (8) Rental-car agent. (C) Hotel manager. (0) Travel agent. 35.(A) Miami. (8) Minneapolis. (C) Key West. (D) Chicago. 36. (A) A hotel room. (8) A flight to Chicago. (©) A rental car. (D) A flight to Miami. 37.(A) Make reservations for his flight sooner. (8) Spend his vacation somewhere else. (C) Read a travel book. (D) Stay at a different hotel. PART C written out. selected. Here is an example. Directions: This part of the test consists of several talks, each given by a single speaker. After each of these talks there are a number of questions. You will hear each talk and question only once, and the questions are not When you' have heard each question, read the four answer choices and select the one - (A), (B), (C), or (D) - that best answers the question based on what is directly stated or on what can be inferred. Then fill in the space ‘on your answer sheet that matches to the letter of the answer that you have Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 141You will hear Now here is a sample question You will hear You will read (A) Philosophy. (8) Meteorology (C) Astronomy. (D) Photography. The lecture concerns a lunar eclipse, a topic that would typically be discussed in an astronomy class. The choicé that best answers the question In what course is this lecture probably being given?" is (C), “Astronomy.” You should fill in (C) on your answer sheet. Sample Answer DA®OSO@O Here is another sample question. You will hear: You will read (A) The Earth’s shadow moves across the Moon: (B) Clouds block the view of the Moon (C) The Moon moves between the Earth and the Sun. (D) The Sun can be observed without special equipment. From the lecture, you learn that a lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth moves between the Sun and the Moon and the shadow of the Earth passes across the Moon. The choice that best answers the question “According to the speaker, which of the following occurs during a lunar eclipse?" is (A),- ‘The Earth's shadow moves across the Moon." Don’t forget: During actual exams, taking notes or writing in your test book is not permitted. Sample Answer @®oOoO® WAIT, 142 - Peterson’s TOEFL Practice38. (A) 8) (C) (0) 39.(A\ (8) (Vy (D) 40. (A) (8) (Cc (. 41.(A) (8) (c) (0) 42. (A) (8) (C) (0) 43.(A) (8) (c) (0) In the home of an art collector. In a restaurant. In a museum. In a private art gallery. Not all of it is folk art. Most of it was made for this event. All of it was created for display. Some of it has been in previous exhibits. It is still brightly colored It was used to advertise a res- taurant. . It is less than a hundred years old. It once hung in front of a boot- maker's shop. Unpopular. Charming. Complex. Disturbing. . There are no signatures on the signs. The plaques haven't been put on the wall yet. The signatures are too faded to read. The sign painters needed to conceal their identities. To present an award. To say goodbye to Professor Callaghan. To explain computer models. To welcome a new college president. 44. (A) (8) 9 (0) 45. (A) (8) (c) (0) 46. (A) (8) (Cc) (0) 47.(A) (8) (co) (D) 48. (A) (8) (c) (0) 49. (A) (8) (c) (0) 50. (A) (8) (9) (0) An administrator. A faculty member. A chancellor of the college. A graduate student. Computer science. History. Economics. Physics. Two years. Four years. Six years. Eight years. He greatly influenced Emily Dickinson. His poetry was similar to Emily Dickinson's. He and Emily Dickinson were very influential poets. He and Emily Dickinson be- came good friends. For her unusual habits. For her success as a poet. For her personal wealth. For her eventful life. Their titles. Their great length. Their range of subject matter. Their economy. None. About 10. Around 50. Over 1,700. THIS IS THE END OF SECTION 1, LISTENING COMPREHENSION. STOP WORK ON SECTION 1. (stor) Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 143144 - Peterson's TOEFL PracticeSection 2 STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION TIME - 25 MINUTES CAU TRUC VA VAN VIET THOI GIAN - 25 PHUT This section tests your ability to recog- nize grammar and usage suitable for standard written English. This section is divided into two parts, each with its own directions. Section nay kiém tra kh ning cia ban vé viée nhan biét nga phap va cach ding thich hop d6i véi vin viét tiéng Anh chuan. Sec- tion nay duge chia thanh hai phan, mdi phan cé huéng din riéng. STRUCTURE answer that you have selected Example | Pepsin _ (A) that (8) is (C) of (D) being Directions: Items in this part are incomplete sentences. Following each of these sentences, there are four words or phrases. You should select the ‘one word or phrase - (A), (B), (C), or (D) - that best completes the sentence. Then fill in the space on your answer sheet that matches the letter of the __ an enzyme used in digestion This sentence should properly read "Pepsin is an enzyme used in digestion." | You should fill in (B) on your answer sheet. Sample Answer ®@eOOQD Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 145Example Il ____ large natural lakes are found in the state of South Carolina (A) There are no (8) Not the (C) It is not (D) No This sentence should properly read "No large natural lakes are found in the state of South Carolina." You should fill in (D) on your answer sheet As soon as you understand the directions, begin work on this part. Sample Answer AGQO® 3 WAIT ablend ofthe ac- 4. The Breed Test, tual note sounded and related tones method of counting bacteriain fresh called overtones milk, was developed by R. S. Breed (A) Musical tones consist of every in Geneva, New York, in 1925. (8) All musical tones consisting of (A) which, as a (C) It consists of all musical tones (8) isa (0) Every musical tone consists of (C) itis a cH _,all animals need oxy- (D) a gen, water, food, and the proper 5 a liquid changes range of temperatures. to a solid, heat is given off. (A) To survive (A) That (8) Their survival (8) Sometimes (C) Surviving (C) Whenever (D) They survive (0) From Billie Holiday's rough 6. Completed in 1756, Nassau Hall is emotional voice the oldest building now on made her stand out as a jazz singer. the campus of Princeton University, (A) so (A) standing (B) but (8) it stands (C) nor (C) has stood (0) still (D) stood 146 - Peterson's TOEFL Practice7. The one person most responsible for making New York City a center of furniture design in the early nine- Cs ° teenth century cabinetmaker Duncan Phyfe. (A) was the hardworking (8) through his hard work (C) he was hardworking (0) by working hard, the Candles from bees- wax burn with a very clean flame. (A) are made (8) making (C) which make (D) made - Hydroponics is the cultivation of plants soil. (A) not having (B) without (C) a lack of (D) -do not have a language fam- ily is a group of languages with a common origin and similar vocabu- lary, grammar, and sound systems. (A) What linguists call (8) It is called by linguists (C) Linguists calt it (D) What do linguists call In the eighteenth century the town of Bennington, Vermont, was fa: ___ pottery. mous for (A) it made (8) its (C) the making (D) where its 12. bacterial infec- tion is present in the body, the bone marrow produces more white blood cells than usual. (A) A (8) That a (©) Ifa (D) During a . Anyone who has ever pulled weeds from a garden roots firmly anchor plants to the soil. (A) is well aware that (8) well aware (C) is well aware of (D) well aware that So thick and rich of Illi- nois that early settlers there were unable to force a plow through it. (A) as the soil (B) the soil was (C) was the soil (0) the soil wot bee tis. becayse of:the complexity of his writirig, Henry James never became a popular author, but .his works are admired by critics and other writers. (A) It may be (8) Perhaps (C) Besides (D) Why is it Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 147WRITTEN EXPRESSION Directions: The items in this part have four underlined words or phrases. You must identify the one underlined expression - (A), (B), (C), or (D) - that must be changed for the sentence to be correct. Then fill in the space on your answer sheet thot matches the letter of the answer that you have selected Example | Lenses may to have either concave or convex shapes A B ¢ D This sentence should read "Lenses may have either concave or convex shapes." You should therefore select answer (A). Sample Answer @e®Doo® Example II When painting a fresco, an artist is applied paint directly to the damp A B c plaster of a wall Oo This sentence should read "When painting a fresco, an artist applies paint directly to the wet plaster of a wall." You should therefore select answer (B). As soon as you understand the directions, begin work on this part. Sample Answer ®eOO 16. A. rattlesnake has a spot 17, Improvements in people's health A between one’s eyes that is are due in part to advances in “A B B ¢ ive _to heat, medical care and better sanitary D 148 - Peterson's TOEFL Practice20. 21 22 23 24. In 1792, a corporation A constructed a 60-miles toll road B e from Philadelphia to Lancaster, D Pennsylvania. Insects appeared before long the C. earliest mammals. c All of Agnes Repplier’s writings, A even those on the most serious c B supjects, show her sense of humorous | D Fungi are the most important A decomposers of forest _soil B just like bacteria are the chief c D decomposers of grassland soil. Halifax Harbor in Nova Scotia is A one of the most safe harbors B Cc in the world. D Ballpoint pens require a tiny, A perfectly round ball for its tips. B c D Since A the archaeology has become a B the 1930s, precise science with strict mules c D and procedures. ‘ 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Interstate Highway 80 is 2 an important roac that il some- © sings referred to as "America’s Main see." John Jay, a diplomat and states- A man, first entered public B c 1773. Mount Hood in Oregon is a center for alpine sports such as skiing, climbing, and hikes. The chameleon’s able to change color to match its =e is shared by auite few lizards. Florence Sabin is recognized not only for her theoretical research in analomy and physiology and for her work in public health. The top layer of the ocean stores as much heat as does all the Hides in the atmosphere, D Almost lemons grown in the United States come tom farms in D Florida and California. Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 14932, 33. 34. 35. Hair is made of the same basic A material as_both the nails, claws, B hooves of fe are_made of, D Not until. geologists began to A and mammals study exposed rocks in ravines and on thountainsides they. did discover many of the earth’s se- crets. The water of the Gulf Stream may be as much as 20 percentage warmer than the surrounding x D water. Mathematics have taken centuries A to develop the methods that B c we s€ in arithmetic. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. One of the Most beautiful potani- cal sandens in the United States is the wildly and lovely Magnolia Gardens near Charleston, South Carolina. Benthic organisms are those that live on of in a bottom of a body of water. f has been known ans the eight- eenth century that the adrenal glands are essential a life. The Making of leather goods from animal : skins is one of the soonest accomplishments of hu- mankind. Married custonis differ greatly A B c from society !© society. D THIS IS THE END OF SECTION 2. IF YOU FINISH BEFORE THE TIME LIMIT, CHECK YOUR WORK ON SECTION 2 ONLY. DO NOT READ OR WORK ON ANY OTHER SECTION OF THE TEST. STOP 150 - Peterson's TOEFL PracticeSection 3 READING COMPREHENSION TIME - 55 MINUTES DOC HIEU THOI GIAN - 55 PHUT This section of the test measures your Section nay ca bai thi kiém tra ban vé ability to comprehend written materials.” kha nang hiéu cdc doan vin. Directions: This section contains several passages, each followed by a number of questions. Read the passages and, for each question, choose the one best answer - (A), (B), (C), or (B) - based on what is stated in the passage or on what can be inferred from the passage. Then fill in the space ‘on your answer sheet that matches the letter of the answer that you have selected Read the Following Passage Like mammals, birds claim their own territories. A bird’s territory may be small or large. Some birds claim only their nest and the area right around it, while others claim far larger -territories that include their feeding areas. Gulls, penguins, and other waterfowl nest in huge colonies, but even in the biggest colonies, each male and his mate have small territories of their own immediately around their nests. Male birds defend their territory chiefly against other males of the same species. In some cases, a warning call or threatening pose may be all the defense needed, but in other cases, intruders may refuse to 10 leave peacefully Example | What is the main topic of this passage? (A) Birds thar live in colonies (8) Birds’ mating habits (C) The behavior of birds (D) Territoriality in birds Peterson's: TOEFL Practice - 151The passage mainly concerns the territories of birds. You should fill in (D) on your answer sheet. Sample Answer A®SO®e Example I According to the passage, male birds defend their territory primarily against (A) Female birds (B) Birds of other species (C) Males of their own species (D) Mammals The passage states that "Male birds defend their territory chiefly against other males of the same species." You should fill in (C) on your answer sheet. As soon as you understand the directions, begin work on this section Sample Answer COX FO) QUESTIONS 1 - 10 5 fuse, The group contains nearly all of each individual's Ii Cooperation .is'the common endeavor of two or more people to perform a task or reach a jointly cherished goal. Like competition and conflict, there are different forms of cooperation, based on group organization and attitudes. In the first form, known as primary cooperation, group and individual The rewards of the group’s work are shared with cach member. There is an interlocking identity of individual, group, and task performed: Means and goals become one, for cooperation itself is valued. While primary cooperation is most often characteristic of preliterate 10 societies, secondary cooperation is characteristic of many modern societies. In secondary cooperation, individuals devote only part of their lives to the group. Cooperation itself is not a value. Most members of the group feel loyalty, but the welfare of the group is not the first consideration. Members uo - Peterson's TOEFL Practice1 perform tasks so thar they can separately enjoy the fruits of their cooperation 15 in the form of salary, prestige, or power. Business offices and professional athletic teams are examples of secondary cooperation. In the third type, called tertiary cooperation or accommodation, latent conflict underlies the shared work. The attitudes of the cooperating parties are purely opportunistic; the organization is loose and fragile. Accommo- 20 dation involves common ineans to~achieve antagonistic goals; it breaks down when the common means cease to aid each party in reaching its goals. This is not, strictly speaking, cooperation at all, and hence the some- what contradictory term antagénistic cooperation is sometimes used for this relationship. What is the author's main purpose in the first paragraph of the passage? (A) To explain how cooperation dif- fers from competition and con- flict (8) To show the importance of group organization and_atti- tudes i To offer a brief definition of co- operation To urge readers to cooperate (9 (D) more often The word cherished in line 2 is clos- est in meaning to (A) prized (B) agreed on (C) defined (D) set up The word fuse in line 5 is closest in meaning to (A) react (8) unite (C) evolve {D) explore 4. Which of the following statements about primary cooperation is sup- ported by information in the pas- sage? (A) It was confined to prehistoric times. It is usually the first stage of co- operation achieved by a group of individuals attempting to co- (8) operate. (C) Itis an idea that can never be achieved. (D) It is most commonly seen among people who have not yet developed reading and writ- ing skills. 5. According to the passage, why do people join groups that practice sec- ondary cooperation? (A) To experience the satisfaction of cooperation (B) To get rewards for themselves (C) To associate with people who have similar backgrounds (0) To defeat a common enemy Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 1536. Which of the following is an exam- 8. The word fragile in line 19 is closest ple of the third form of cooperation in meaning to as it is defined in the fourth para- (A) inefficient graph? (8) easily broken (A) Students form a study group so (C) poorly planned that all of them can improve (D) involuntary their grades. 9. Asused throughout the Passage, the (8) Anew business attempts to take term common is closest in meaning customers away from an estab- to which of the following? * lished company. (A) Ordinary (C) Two rival political parties tem- (8) Shared porarily work together to defeat (C) Vulgar a third party. (D) Popular (0) Members of a farming commu- 10. Which of the following best de- nity share work and the food scribes the overall organization of that they grow. the passage? 7. Which of the following is NOT given (A) The author describes a concept as a name for the third type of co- by analyzing its three forms. operation? (B) The author compares and con- (A) Tertiary cooperation trasts two types of human rela- (B) Accommodation tions. (C) Latent conflict (C) The author presents the points {D) Antagonistic cooperation of view of three experts on the same topic. (0) The author provides a number of concrete examples and then draws a conclusion. QUESTIONS 11 - 22 The first scientific attempt at coaxing moistiire from a cloud was in 1946, when scientist Vincent Schaefer dropped 3 pounds of dry ice from an airplane into a cloud and, to his delight, produced snow. The success of the experiment was modest, but it spawned optimism among farmers and ranchers around the country. It seemed to them that science had finally triumphed over weather. Unfortunately, it didn’t work out that way. Although there were many cloud-seeding, operations during the late 1940s and the 1950s, no one could say whether they had any effect on precipitation. Cloud seeding, or weather 154 - Peterson's TOEFL Practice10 modification as it came to be called, was clearly more complicated than had been thought. It was not until the early 1970s that enough experiments had been done to understand the processes involved. What these studies indicated was that only certain types of clouds are amenable to seeding. One of the most responsive is the winter orographic cloud, formed when air currents encounter 15 a mountain slope and rise. If the temperature in such a cloud is right, seeding, can increase snow yield by 10 to 20 percent. There are two major methods of weather modification. In one method, silver iodide is burned in propane-fired ground generators. The smoke rises into the clouds where the tiny silver-iodide particles act as nuclei for the 20 formation of ice crystals. The alteinate system uses airplanes to deliver dry-ice pellets. Dry ice does not provide ice-forming nycleig. Instead, it lowers the temperature near the water droplets in the sce’ that they freeze instantly - a process called spontaneous nucleation. Seeding from aircraft is more efficient bur also more expensive. 25 About 75 percent of all weather modification in the United States takes place in the Western states. With the population of the West growing rapidly, few regions of the world require more water. About 85 percent of the waters in the rivers of the West comes from melted snow.’As one expert put it, the water problems of the future may make the energy problems of 30 che 70s seem like child's play to solve. That's why the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, along with state governments, municipal water districts, and private interests suich as ski areas and agricultural cooperatives, is putting increased effort irito cloud-seeding efforts. Without consistent and heavy snowfalls in the Rockies and Sierras, the West would literally dry up. The 38 most intensive efforts to produce precipitation was during the West's dis- astrous snow drought of 1976 - 77. It is impofsible to judge the efficiency of weather modification based on one crash program, but most experts think that such hurry-up programs are not very effective. 11. What is the main subject of the pas- 12. The word spawned in line 4 is clos- sage? est in meaning to (A) The scientific contributions of (A) intensified Vincent Schaefer (8) reduced (8) Developments in methods of in- (©) preceded creasing precipitation {D) created (C) The process by which snow crystals form (D) The effects of cloud seeding Peterson’s TOEFL Practice - 15513. After the cloud-seeding operations of the late 1940s and the 1950s, the farmers and ranchers mentioned in the first paragraph probably felt (A) triumphant (8) modest (C) disappointed (D) optimistic 14 Which of the following can be in- ferred from the passage about the term weather modification? (A) It is not as old as the term cloud seeding. (B) It has been in usé since at least 1946. (C) Itrefers to only one type of cloud seeding. (D) It was first used by Vincent Schaefer. 15. According to the passage, winter orographic clouds are formed (A) on relatively warm winter days (B) over large bodies of water (C) during intense snow storms (D) when air currents rise over mountains 16. To which of the following does the word they in line 22 refer? (A) Water droplets (8). Clouds (C) Ice-forming nuclei (0) Airplanes 17. When clouds are seeded from the ground, what actually causes ice crystals to form? (A) Propane (8) Silver-iodide smoke (C) Dry-ice pellets {D) Nuclear radiation 156 - Peterson's TOEFL Practice 18. Clouds would most likely be seeded from airplanes when (A) it is important to save money (8) the process of spontaneous nu- cleation cannot be employed (C) the production of precipitation must be efficient (0) temperatures are lower than usual 19. Aboutwhat percentage of the west- em United States’ water supply comes from run-off from melted snow? (A) 10 percent (8) 20 percent (C) 75 percent (D) 85 percent 20. What does the author imply about the energy problems of the 1970s? (A) They were caused by a lack of water. (B) They took attention away from water problems. (C) They may not be as critical as water problems will be in the future. (0) They were thought to be minor at the time but tumed out to be serious. 21. The author mentions agricultural cooperatives (line 32) as an exam- ple of (A) state government agencies (8) private interests (C) organizations that compete with ski areas for water (D) municipal water districts22. Itcanbe inferred from the passage _ (B) a complete failure ~ that the weather-modification pro- (C) hot necessary ject of 1976 - 77 was (D) easy to evaluate (A) put together quickly QUESTIONS 23 - 30 The biological community changes again as one moves from the city to the suburbs. Around all cities is a biome called the "suburban forest.” The trees of this forest are species that are favored by man, and most of them. have been deliberately planted. Mammals such as rabbits, skunks, and 5 opossums have moved in from the surrounding countryside. Raccoons have become experts at opening garbage cans, and in some places even deer wander suburban thoroughfares. Several species of squirrel get along nicely in suburbia, but usually only one species is predominant -in any given suburb - fox squirrels in one place, red squirrels in another, gray squirrels 10 ina third - for reasons that are little understood. The diversity of birds in the suburbs is great, and in the South, lizards thrive in gardens and even houses. Of course, insects are always present. There is an odd biological sameness in these suburban communities True, the palms of Los Angeles are missing from the suburbs of Boston, 18 and there are species of insects in Miami not found in Seattle. But over wide stretches of the United States, ecological conditions in suburban biomes vary much less than do those of natural biomes. And unlike the natural biomes, the urban and suburban communities exist in spite of, not because of, the climate. 23. Ifthere was a preceding paragraph 24. ‘The author implies that the mam- to this passage it would most likely mals of the "suburban forest" differ be concerned with which of the from most species of trees there following topics? in which of the following ways? (A) The migration from cities to (A) They were. not deliberately in- suburbs troduced. (8) The biological community in ur- (8) They are considered undesir- ban areas able by humans. (C) The mammals of the American (©) They are represented by a countryside greater number of species (0) The history of American sub- (0) They have not fully adapted to urbs suburban conditions. Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 15725. The word thoroughfares in line 7 is closest in meaning to (A) neighborhoods (8) lawns (Cy open spaces (D) streets Which of the following conclusions about squirrels is supported by in- formation in the passage? 2 o (A) The competition among the three species is intense. (8) Fox squirrels are more common than gray or red squirrels (C) Two species of squirrels sel- dom inhabit the same suburb. (0) The reasons why squirrels do well in the suburbs are un- known 2 N The word thrive in line 11 is closest in meaning to (A) remain (8) flourish (C) reproduce (D) survive 28. The word odd in line 13 is closest in meaning to (A) unusual (8) appropriate (C) unforgettable (D) expected QUESTIONS 31 - 39 29. Which of the following best ex- presses the main idea of the second paragraph of the passage? (A) Biological communities in East Coast suburbs differ greatly from those on the West Coast The suburban forest occupies an increasingly large segment of the American landscape. Suburbs in the United States have remarkably similar bio- logical communities. (D) Natural biomes have been stud- ied more than suburban bi- (B) (C omes. 30. What does the author imply about the effect of climate on the subur- ban biome? (A) Itis more noticeable than the effect of climate on the urban biome. (8) It is not as important as it once ‘was. (C) It depends on the location of the biome. (D) Itisnotas dramatic as the effect of climate on natural biomes. Deep within the Earth there seethes a vast cauldron called Hor Dry Rock, or HDR, that observers believe could make the United States and other nations practically energy independent. HDR is a virtually limitless source of energy that generates neither pollution nor dangerous wastes. 5 Fhe concept, now being tested at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, is quite simple, at least in theory. Two adjacent wells are 158 - Peterson's TOEFL Practicepunched several miles into the Earth ro reach this subterranean furnace. Water is pumped down one well to collect inside the Hot Dry Rock, creating a pressurized reservoir of superheated liquid. This is then drawn 10 through the other well to the surface, and there the water's accumulated load of heat energy is transferred to a volatile liquid that, in curn, drives an electric power-producing turbine. David Duchane, HDR program manager at Los Alamos, believes that an economically competitive, 1-megawatt plant of this type will be built 15 and running in around two decades. A small prototype station will be built in half that time, But Duchane dreams an even grander dream. "We could build an HDR plane near the seacoast,” he says. "Could you imagine pumping seawater down to where it heats up well above its boiling poin? Then you bring it to the surface to make electrical energy, and you turn 20 some into vapor to get as much pure water as you need.” 31. What is the main idea of the pas- 33. The word adjacent in line 6 is clos- sage? est in meaning to (A) Despite certain. advantages, (A) up-and-down there are many drawbacks in- (B) deep volved in the use of Hot Dry (C) advanced Rock. (D) side-by-side (8) Hot Dry Rock isa potentially im- 34, The second paragraph of the pas- portant energy source. sage implies that the concept of util- (C) By drilling deep wells in the izing Hot Dry Rock as an energy ground, researchers at Los source Alamos discovered’ Hot Dry (A) might be difficult to put into Rock. practice (D) Hot Dry Rock power plants are (8) is hard for nonscientists to uin- more useful if they are built derstand near the seacoast. (C) is theoretically possible but 32. Which of the following terms is NOT technologically impractical uSed in the passage to refer to Hot (D) may involve unknown dangers Dry Rock? 35. The word there in line 10 refers to (A) A vast cauldron (line 1) (A) a place deep inside the Earth (8) A virtually limitless source of (8) a place near the seacoast power (lines 3-4) (C) Los Alamos National Labora- (C) Subterranean furnace (line 7) tory (D) A pressurized reservoir (line 9) (D) the surface of the Earth Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 15936. The power-producing turbine in the Hot Dry Rock power plant de- scribed-in the second paragraph is actually driven by (A) electricity (8) volatile liquid (C) superheated water (D) Hot Dry Rock According to David Duchane, how long will it probably-take to build a small prototype Hot Dry Rock power station? (A) Two years (8) Four years (C) Ten years 37 38. What is the grander dream, men- tioned in line 16? (A) The opportunity for the United States to-become energy inde- pendent The chance to generate power without increasing pollution The possibility of obtaining pure water from seawater while gen- (8) (c) erating electricity Tlie hope that scientists can continue their research on Hot Dry Rock 39. The word some in line 19 refers to (A) seawater (0) (D) Twenty years (8) electrical energy (C) water vapor (D) pure water QUESTIONS 40 - 50 160 The brilliant light, crystalline air, and spectacular surroundings have long drawn people to the tiny New Mexican town of Taos. Today, the homes of some of those who have settled there during Taos’ 300-year history have been restored and are open to the public. Along with the churches and art galleries, these residences make up a part of the unique cultural heritage of Taos. Representing the Spanish Colonial era is the meticulously restored ha- cienda of Don Antonio Severino Martinez. He moved his family to Taos in 1804 and transformed a simple cabin into a huge, imposing fortress. Its twenty-one rooms and two courtyards now house a living museum where Visitors can watch potters and weavers at work. The American territorial era is represented by nwo houses: the home of the explorer and scout Kit Carson, located off Taos Square, and that of Charles Bent, a trader who later became governor of the New Mexico territory, Carson's house was built in 1843, Bent's three years later In the twentieth century, Taos, like its bigger sister Santa Fe to the south, a blossomed into a center for artists and artisans. One of the first artists to move there was Ernest Blumenschein, who is known for his illustrations, including Peterson's TOEFL Practicethose for the works of Jack London and other bestselling authors. In 1898, 20 while on a Denver-to-Mexico City sketching tour, Blumenschein’s wagon broke down near Taos. He walked into town carrying his broken wheel, looked around, and decided to stay. His rambling, twelve-room house is furnished as it was when he lived there. Not far from the Blumenschein house is the home of anotherartist, Russian-born painter Nicolai Fechin, who moved 28 to Taos in the 1920s, He carved and decorated the furniture, windows, gates, and fireplaces himself, transforming the interior of his adobe house into that of a traditional country house in his homeland. A few miles north of town is the Millicent Rogers Museum, the residence of a designer and collector who came to Taos in 1947. An adobe castle, it contains a treasure trove of Native 30 American and Hispanic jewelry, pots, rugs, and other artifacts. 40. The passage mainly discusses which aspect of Taos? (A) Its famous families (8) Events from its 300-year history (C) Its different architectural styles (D) Its historic houses 41. The word meticulously in line 7 is closest in meaning to (A) tastefully (8) privately (C) carefully (D) expensively 42. The word imposing in line 9 is clos- est in meaning to (A) striking (8) complex (C) threatening (0) antiquated According to the passage, the home of Don Antonio Severino Martinez is now (A) a fortress (8) an art gallery (C) a museum (0) a simple cabin 4 oS 44. According to the passage, what were Charles Bent’s two’ occupa- tions? (A) Merchant and politician (8) Artist and artisan (C) Explorer and scout (D) Potter and weaver 45. Charles Bent’s house was probably built in 1A) 1804 (B) 1840 (C) 1843 (D) 1346 46. The town of Santa Fe is probably referred to as Taos’s "bigger sister” (line 16) because it (A) is older (8) has a larger population (C) is more famous (D) has more artists Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 16147. The word works in line 19 is used 49. The author implies that the interior in the context-of this passage to of Nicolai Fechin house is deco- mean rated in what style? (A) books (A) Spanish colonial (8) factories (8) American territorial (©) designs (C) Native American (0) paintings (0) Traditional Russian 48. According to the passage, what was 50. Which of the following people is Emest Blumenschein’s original des- NOT mentioned as a resident of tination when he went ona sketch- Taos? ing tour in 1898? (A) Nicolai Fechin (A) Denver (8) Jack London (8) Santa Fe (C) Emest Blumenschein (C) Mexico City (D) Millicent Rogers (0) Taos THIS IS THE END OF SECTION 3. IF YOU FINISH BEFORE THE TIME LIMIT, CHECK YOUR WORK ON SECTION 3 ONLY. DO NOT READ OR WORK ON ANY OTHER SECTION OF THE TEST. STOP NL 162 - Peterson's TOEFL Practice