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    The Sankskrit Teacher Part 1 - Learn Sanskrit.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    12 views209 pages

    The Sanskrit Teacher Kamala Shankar Trivedi Part 1

    Uploaded by

    spikeman42
    The Sankskrit Teacher Part 1 - Learn Sanskrit.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    THE SANSKRIT TEACHER CONTAINING 7 INTERESTING SENTENCES AND Y ROO) FROM SANSKRIT uireraTuition.. PY & (In Two Parts ) mR PART I (For Sranparps [V anp V) BY RAO BAHADUR KAMALASHANKAR PRANSHANKAR TRIVEDI, x. s., RETIRED PRINCIPAL, P. R. TRAINING COLLEGE, AHMEDABAD, AND EXAMINER IN SANSKRIT IN THE BOMBAY, ALLAHABAD, BENARES, AND PUNJAB UNIVERSITIES MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED, BOMBAY, CALCUTTA, MADRAS, AND LONDON 1926 Price Rs. 1-4-0 FIRST AND SECOND EDITIONS PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE LHIRD EDITION ( REVISED §& ENLARGE FOURTH EDITION ( REVISED § ENLARG FIFTY EVITION ( REVISED § [ARGUED ) 1918 SIXTI EDITION ( REVISED §& UNLARGED ) IN 2 PARPS-1921 SEVENTH EDITION 1926 Printed by V. P. Pendherkar, at the Tutorial Press, 211, Girgaum Back Road, Bombay and Published by F, E. Francis, Manager, Macmillan & Co, Fort, Bombay, ae ty PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION" The study of the Sanskrit language which is a mine of invaluable ancient literature is beneficial to all nations from various standpoints, archeological, philological, and others, but to none more than to the Hindus whose life is permeated by religion. It is essential to them for the proper knowledge and cultivation of their vernaculars and the comprehension of their religious and philosophical literature which is the wonder of the civilized world and for which they must have a yearning when foreigners like the Germans, the Knglish, and the Americans are struck with admiration and devote their lives to its study. During my official career in High Schools and Colleges I have learnt that the study of Sanskrit suffers much for lack of interest in it on the part of students. Indeed, they are inspired with love for it, which ondures through life, if the subject is properly handled and the rich treasures of the literature placed before them. Itis with the object of facilitating this study by creating a taste in it that the “Sanskrit Teacher’ ig composed on somewhat new lines. The following are the special features of the work :— (a) The cream of Sanskrit literature is supplied to students in every lesson. Great care is bestowed upon the selection of sentences, passages, and verses. They are culled out from classical authors, the great epics, and the Upanishads. They embody proverbial expressions useful in every-day life and ordinary conversation (such as Tatgtdat eter a are: qreardie:, sea Tse cate, AeA Ge: arse AaB, att at qwamgels ata et cvfizarn, wea wee stad wer: ) and passages full of wisdom and usefulness. They are such as are sure to elevate the mind to a high plane of morality and devotion and inspire it with a spirit of respect 4 and reverence forall that is great and good, respect for learning and wisdom, respect for power and authority, and reverence for God. (2) The book winds up with a large selection of prose and poetic passages. The prose passages are taken from the Paficha-tantra, the Dasakumdracharita, the Kidambart, and the works of Saikarichirya. They thus supply the student with different specimens of style. The poetic passages are selected from the works of Chinakya, Bhartrihari, Kalidasa, Bhavabhfiti, the Ramayana, the Mahdbhirata, and various other works. (©) A language is bost learnt by the study of its poetic literature which contains wise thoughts clothed in felicitous expression. The committing to memory such gems of literature ensures a command over the language and deepens ataste for it. The object of meeting this requirement is specially kept in view in the selection of verses in lessons and also at the end of the book, which has so many as about 200 of them. (d) The student is introduced to a knowledge of Sanskrit metres and figures of speech. The characteristics of the ganas are explained and the student supplied with definitions of a few leading metres such as Malini, Vasanta- tilaka, Harini, and Sikharini. The leading features of a few figures such as the Upamé, the Ripaka, the Arthantaranydsa, and the Anyokti are elucidated in lessons and notes at the end. (©) The student is directly taken to literature, grammar being made subordinate as it ought to be. This object is attained in the following way. Every lesson opens with a few sentences which are translated into English and in which new grammatical forms are printed black to draw the attention of students. Then follows a paradigm of forms ready made 5 and lastly come the rules which are deduced from them. The method followed is thus analytic. It will be educative and interesting both to the school student and to the person of advanced years who has a mind to acquire a knowledge of it. The former should first learn to recognise the forms and then study them. For the latter it will doif he only learns to recognise them. (f) The book comprehends in a small compass all the salient points of Sanskrit grammar, the knowledge of which is essential for the study of Sanskrit literature. A1l out-of- the-way forms are studiously avoided. Experience as teacher and examiner has shown me that students cram irregular forms for examination purposes and forget them as soon as they are free from their examination. They fail to grasp the general rules which govern the formation of declensional and conjugational forms current in the language. To cure this evil théir attention is drawn to forms that are ordinarily met with in, literature. External rules of Sandhi which hold in the formation of a variety of forms are with this object carefully explained and illustrated. (9) What is easier and more current is given precedence to what is harder and less current. Compounds and past participles being of general occurrence in the Sanskrit literature are introduced at a very early stage; Futures are treated before the Perfect tense; and the 4th and 5th varieties of the Aorist before the remaining varioties. (h) The last lesson deals with Taddhita and Kyit suffixes generally met with in the language. (4) The beauty of Sanskrit grammatical terms lies in the fact that they are mostly significant. If this fact is properly explained to students, much of their work will be facilitated. I regret to remark, however, from my experience as University examiner, this fact is not properly brought to 6 the notice of students. It is on this account that words like are found spelt in a variety of ways some of which like agit are simply ridiculous. To remedy this evil, this book explains every grammatical term and thus impresses it upon the minds of students. When a student learns that the word @gat€ is itself a Bahuvrihi compound and show its characteristics, when he knows that the word Tet by its twofold dissolution shows its twofold nature, when he knows that the words 3a and ‘Wat are themselves present and past participles respectively, and when he understands that definitions of metres are generally given in a quarter of the same metres that they are meant to define, his task of remembering them becomes extremely easy and interesting and his knowledge becomes sound and enduring. (7) No exercises for translation are given till the student has made some progress in the path of knowledge. He is then given exercises containing Sanskrit sentences for translation. The number of these sentcixcs increases as lessons advance, bat is never tediously large. A fow sentences only are given in English for translation into Sanskrit. (ik) To encourage the cultivation of the habit of self-help without which nothing great in life can be achieved, no glossary is given for selections in prose and poetry at the end. Notes are, however, supplied to explain difficult constructions, expressions, and context, where necessary. (2) An appendix is given for intelligent students. It is hoped that it will be useful to those who wish to be initiated into a study of the Sanskrit grammar of Panini and will also facilitate the work of good students at the time of the revision of the book. Ahmedabad, } K. P. TRIVEDt June, 1911. THE CONTENTS Lesson I—Letiers ... oe ae oo II—The Present Tense... o on I1—The Present Tense rh IV—The Present Tense on nee oe V—Prefixes (s7at) ae we oe VI—Words ending in & Vll—Words ending in # : ate Vill—Words ending in %, 3, and €. IX—Atmanepada Present ‘Tense and Words ending in St X—Pronouns XI—BFF and Ayey ‘Words, aaa in 3 and & a ae XI1—ageht and sehr; Words ending i in &; Past Participles eee ws XII—geaq;s Words ending in@, 4, and & XIV—Feminine Words ending in Zand 3 Imperative Forms ee tat XV—The Potential; #7 as XVI—The Imperfect; HH and FAT XVII—Words ending in ® fn ie XVIII—Neuter Words ending in % ¥ and ® XIX—Words ending in % XX—Passive and Impersonal Forms 40—47 48—54 54-63 63—70 1—78 18—84 84—89 89-97 97-105 Lesson XXI—The Present Participle XXIJ—Words ending in T and aa XXIII—Numerals ( From 1 to 10 ) a XXIV—Irregular Nouns we 7 on XXV—Roots of the Fifth and the at Conjugations - XXVI—Roots of the Ninth Conjugation XXVII—Roots of the Second Conjugation XXVIII—Roots of the Second Conjugation XXIX—Roots of the Seventh and Second Conjugations oe see ave XXX—tThe Third Conjugation Exercises Notes on Exercises ... wee aoe SUGGESTION Pages 106-113 113-119 119-125 126-132 133-140 140-147 147-156 157-169 169-180 180-191 192-195 197-199 The course in the book may be divided as under :— St. IV. Les. 1-22, pp. 1-119 St. V. Les. 23-30, pp. 119-199 \ \ THE SANSKRIT TEACHER LESSON T LETTERS The following are the letters in Sanskrit :-— @* %, &, % % 3, %, % BH GGG, gy, and ats Ot 88, 7,9,8,%, 8,8, 4, 4,2,8,2,%,0, 9,4, F408 9,4,44,0,9,F, 5,0, 8,8- Letters in (2) are called @® (vowels), because they are sounded or pronounced by themselves (@%=sound) without the help of other letters; while those in (6), gt (conso- nants), because they require the help of vowels for their pronunciation. ®, @, &c. cannot be pronounced unless some vowel is mixed with them. There must be a special mixing, that is, mixing of vowels (f&+ 3a to mix +) before they ean be pronounced ; €. g. B=R+A; BM=—K+AS B=F+3H. at, 4, Fy, and % are long forms of 4H, %, ¥, and *, respectively.! & has no long form. * The method of transliteration given below will show how these letters are written and pronounced. The method adopted is the one fixed for the Government Bombay Sanskrit Series: — Ha, Ma, Zi, Zi, Ta, KA, Keri, Trt, Sli, Te, F ai, a o, atau, > mth; TRk, kh, Tg, Lgh, Fn, Heh, Fchh, Rj, Rjh, TA, Et, Sth, Cd, Fdh, Tn, Lt, Ath, Ta, Ldh, Tn, Lp, F ph, and @ are called 4a (bard consonants); while ihe last three letters of each of the five classes, and 4, %, @, F, and & are called 88 (soft consonants). 4st, & and Lare called AACS or AAT (semi-vowels). WX, Y A, and F are called HAT (hecause they are pronounced by a sort of breath). sq+qaht seat ; sgtarta=

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