PETE 3036

Well Logging

Spring 2015

Well Logging
PETE 3036

Instructor: Dr. Dahi

Office: OFB, Rm. 139
Email: a_dahi@lsu.edu
Office Hours: T 1:30-2:30
Class: M-W-F 2:30- 3:20 PM

PETE 3036 - Well Logging

Graduate Assistant: Mr. Juan Bautista
Help sessions with Mr. Bautista
Homeworks will be assigned, then
explained in class with answers given. They
may or may not be graded. Quiz are mainly
(not necessarily) based on the previous
homework.

Program Educational Objectives

The program educational objectives of the BS program in
Petroleum Engineering at LSU are to produce graduates,
who within 2-5 years after graduation and for the
remainder of their careers are able to:
1. Perform as engineering professionals in the upstream oil and gas
industry, including academia and government, and succeed in
leadership, research, operational and technical roles
2. Identify opportunities, solve open ended engineering problems and
make decisions and plans in the presence of uncertainty utilizing
appropriate engineering and design principles
3. Effectively convey information, including technical concepts, risks,
and recommendations, to and from peers, employers and employees,
and the public
4. Demonstrate a high standard of professional ethics throughout
their careers

Course Materials
Openhole Log Analysis and Formation
Evaluation, Second Edition
Textbook 2: Theory, Measurement and
Interpretation of Well Logs by Zaki
Bassiouni
Logs from SL 195 QQ # 98 Provided by
Schlumberger and Helis Oil and Gas
Slides from Lectures Will be posted on
Moodle

Recommended Reading Material

Schlumberger Log Interpretation
Principles/Applications
Basic Well Log Analysis, Second Edition
By George Asquith and Daniel Krygowski,
AAPG Methods in Exploration No. 16
Introduction to Wireline Log Analysis
(Baker Atlas)

Ground Rules
Leaving Lecture Cannot come back
No side conversations
No eating/drinking in the class
Turn off cell phones, pagers, Blackberrys
No Talking No newspaper /magazine
reading During Lecture
Questions Encouraged During Lecture

Ground Rules
Office Hours based on posted schedule
Be prepared to answer questions about
homework and reading assignments
Honesty in exams and assignments is
expected and assumed. Infractions will be
dealt with.
Medical excuses need documentation.
Absences for band, sports, etc. must be
arranged in advance

Feedback from previous classes

Too much theory, not enough application also
2010 and 2011 -> 2012&2013 not mentioned
Make tests reflect the homework
More time for tests test format
Class was great
Textbook too intricate for what we actually
learned

Learnings from Previous Classes

Mistakes in reading scales
Mistakes in calculations
Solving the wrong problem
Using the wrong log header information
Not coming to class
Not using the homework as practice
opportunity

PETE 3036 Course Grades

3 Quizzes
Homework
2 Midterms
Final
Well Logging Demo

18%
5%
40%
35%
2%

Homework and Quizzes

Will be assigned on Wednesdays
Will discuss with answers the next Wednesday
Short quiz covering the homework next
Wednesday
Grading criteria:
Answering the question that was asked
Showing the work that was requested
(including plots, etc)
The right answer

PETE 3036 Mathematics

Log-Log and Semi-Log Plots
Exponential Equations
Deriving equations from plots of data
Necessary to understand the basis for
resistivity logging

WinSauer et al - 1952

30 Samples
Different Wells
Different Ages
Depth of 10,700

Known as
Humble
equation

Approximation

PETE 3036 - Mathematics

Department Policy: Only
TI-36X Pro calculator is
allowed in the quiz and
exams!
NCEES approved
calculator.
Plan accordingly! No
exception

Formation Evaluation
Purpose: Determine properties of interest that are
required to determine size and value of
hydrocarbon reservoirs, and to develop a plan to
recover these hydrocarbons
Properties include: porosity, permeability, pore
size distribution, compressibility, thickness,
percentage of pore space filled by various fluids
(saturations)
Some properties cannot be measured directly, but
can be related to other measurements (example
hydrocarbon saturation is related to electrical
resistivity)
OOIP = 7758 So . . h . area/Bo

FORMATION EVALUATION
TECHNIQUES

Core Analysis
Fluid Analysis
Pressure and Flow Test
Well Logging
Logging while drilling (LWD)
Electric line logging
Open hole logging
Cased hole logging

ADVANTAGES OF WELL LOGS

Obtain large amount of data in relatively
short time.
Reasonable cost.
In-situ measurement of formation
properties.
Determine where other tests should be
conducted.

SHORTCOMINGS OF WELL LOGS

Indirect measurement of needed

parameters.
Need for involved interpretation
techniques.

USERS OF WELL LOGS IN THE

PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
Exploration Geologists
depositional environment

Development Geologist
maps
cross-sections

Drilling Engineer
abnormal pressure detection
fracture gradient
pore pressure

USERS OF WELL LOGS IN THE

PETROLEUM INDUSTRY (cont.)
Geophysicist
-Aid in seismic interpretation

Production Engineer
recompletions
workovers
perforations

Reservoir Engineer
reserve and permeability estimates

Log Analyst
Most critical use by a specially
trained scientist or engineer

Information from Well Logs

Thickness of hydrocarbon reservoirs

Lithology
Porosity
Fluid types
Hydrocarbon saturation

Log Interpretation
Define the problem
What is the water saturation at 21000 feet?

Decide what model to use

Archie equation Sw = (a Rw/m Rt)1/n

Determine variables required (a, m, n, Rw)

from cores, fluid samples, regional trends,
etc.
Read the relevant data from the logs ( Rt , )
Make corrections if required
Solve for the desired parameter (Sw)