27192015. Flanges General - Flange Types - Welding Neck or Weld Neck flanges, Slip-On fanges, Socket Weld flanges, Lap Joint fanges, Threaded anges EXPLORE the WORLD ot PIPING Definition and Details of Flanges - Types of Flanges Flange types As already described before, the most used flange types acc. to ASME B16.5 are: Welding Neck, Slip On, Socket Weld, Lap Joint, Threaded and Blind flange. Below you wil finda short desrition and definition ofeach type, completed with an detaed image. Most common flange types Welding Neck flonge Welding Nec Flanges ae easy to recognize atthe long tapered hub, tat goes gradually over tothe wal thickness rom a pipe oF Ming. “The lang tapered hub provides an imprtant reinforcement for use In several applications involving high pressure, sub-rero and / or elevates tarnperstires. The sath transition from flange thickness to pipe or iting wall thickness effaced bythe taper i extremly Beneficial, under conditions of repeated bending, caused by line expansion or other variable force. These flanges are bored to match the inside diameter of the mating pipe o iting so there wil be no restrcton of preduct flow. Ths prevents turbulence a the Joint and reduces eresion. They also provide ‘excellent stress distribution through the tapered hub and are easily ragiographed for flaw detection. rd). This lange type willbe welded to a pipe o ittng with & single full penetration, V weld (Butt Details of Welding Neck flange 1 wets neck tange 2, Bu we .pge er Ftiog Slip On flange The calculated strength from a Slip On flange under intemal pressure ls ofthe order of two-tirs tat «A Welding Neck flanges, and thei fe under fatgue i about onetir thet of he ltter ‘The cannection withthe pines done wth 2 let welds, aswel atthe outside as alo at the inside of ip twunw wermas oclangesianges. weldrg-neck_socket-weld lap joint screwed ir em 1527192015. Flanges General - Flange Types - Welding Neck or Weld Neck flanges, Slip-On fanges, Socket Weld flanges, Lap Joint fanges, Threaded flanges the flange ‘The X measure on the image, are approximately Wall thickness of pipe +3 mm, ‘This space is necessary, todo not damage the flange face, during the welding process. {A disadvantage ofthe flange is, that principle always firstly a pipe must be welded and then just a ‘ting. A combination of flange and elbow or flange and tee is net possible, because named ftings have nat a straight end, that complete si in the Slip On flange. Details of Slio On flange — 7 1 st.0n range 2. Fite wet outside 3. Filled wet nse 4. Pio Socket Weld flange Socket Weld flanges were intlaly developed for use on simasize high pressure piping. Ther static strength is equal to Slip On flanges, but their fatigue strength 50% greater than double-weldec Slip On anges, ‘The connection withthe pipe is done with 1 filet weld, at the ouside of the flange. But before Walsing, | space must be crastad between flange or fting anc pipe. [ASME B31.1 1996 127.3 Preparation for Welding (E) Socket Weld Assembly says In assembly o the joint before weiding, the pipe or tube shall be nserted int the socket to the maximum depth and then withdrawn approximately 1/16" 1.6 mm) away from contact between the end of the pipe and the ‘The purpose forthe bottoming clearance in a Socket Weld is usualy to reduce the residual stress at the root ofthe weld that could eccur curing solidification of the weld metal. The image shows you the X measure forthe expansion 9p The disadvantage ofthis flange is right the gap, that must be made. By corrasve products, nd malnly in stainless steel pipe systems, the crack between pipe and flange can give correson problems. In some processes this flange i also not allowed. 1am not an expert i this matter, but on the internet, you wil find a lt of information about forms of coreson. ‘Also for ths lange counts, that principle always fstly a pipe must be welded and then just a fitting Details of Socket Weld Flange 1. Sacke Weld ange 2 Fils welt 3. Pipe X = expansion sap Lap Joint flange Lap Joint Flanges have ll the same commen dimensions as any other flange named on this page however it does not have a raised face, they used in conjunction with a "Lap Joint Stub End” These flanges are nearly identical to 3 Slip On flange withthe exception of a radius at the intersection ‘ofthe lange face and the bore to accommodste the flanged portion of the Stub End. holding ability is ttle, if any, better than thet of Slip On flanges and the fatigue Me for the assembly is only one tenth that of Welding Neck flanges. ‘They may be used at all pressures and are available in 2 fll size ange. These flanges slip over the pipe, and are not welded or otherwise fastened to It. Boling pressure is transmitted to the gaskat by ‘the pressure of the flange against the back of the pipe lap (Stub End). Lap Joint flanges nave certaln special advantages: ip twunw wermas oclangesianges. weldrg-neck_socket-weld lap joint screwed ir em 2527192015. Flanges General - Flange Types - Welding Neck or Weld Neck flanges, Slip-On fanges, Socket Weld flanges, Lap Joint fanges, Threaded flanges + Freedom to swivel around the pipe facltates the lining up of opposing flange belt holes. + Lack of contact withthe fluc in the pipe aften permits the use of Inexpensive carbon flanges with eorrosion resistant pipe + In systems which erode or corde quickly, the flanges may be salvaged for re-use Details of Lap Joint Flange 3 i ' 2 T T L i 1. tap oie Mange 2. Stub End 3, butt wot 4, Pe orig Stub End [A Stub End always wll be used with a Lap Joint flange, asa backing flange. ‘This lange connections are applie, in low-pressure and non ertical applications, and isa cheap mathed of flanging Ina stainless steel pipe system, for example, a carbon steel flange can be applieg, because they are not come in contact with the product In the pipe. Stub Ends are available in almost all pipe diameters. Dimensions and dimensional tolerances are defined in the ASME 8.16.9 standard, Light-weight corrosion resistant Stub Ends (ittings) are defined in MSS P43, Lap Joint Flange with a Stub End Lap int tange _——-_ ra Stbend Threaded flange Threaded Flanges are used for special cumstances with thelr maln advantage belng that they can be attached to the pipe without welding. Sometimes a seal weld is also used in conjunction with the threaded connection, ‘Although stil available in most sizes and pressure ratings, screwed fittings today are used almost ‘exclusively in smaller pipe sizes. [A threaded flange or fiting isnot suitable for a pipe system with thin wall thickness, because cuting ‘thread on @ pipe isnot possible. Thus, ticker wall thickness must be chesen...what is ticker ? [ASME B31.3 Piping Guide says: Where steel pipe is threaded and used for steam service above 250 psi or for water service above 100 psi with water temperatures above 220° F, the pipe sh ‘qual to schedule 80 of ASME 836.10, be seamless an ve a thickness atleast Details of Threaded flange 1 vende ange 2.Thve36 3. Pip or Fting Blind flange ip twunw wermas oclangesianges. weldrg-neck_socket-weld lap joint screwed ire em 3527192015. Flanges General - Flange Types - Welding Neck or Weld Neck flanges, Slip-On fanges, Socket Weld flanges, Lap Joint fanges, Threaded flanges Blind Flanges are manufactures without @ bore and used to blank of the ends of piping, Valves and pressure vessel openings. From the standpoint of internal pressure and bol loading, blind flanges, particularly in the larger sizes, are the mest highly stresse¢ flange types. However, mest ofthese stresses are bending types near the center, and since there i no standard Inside dlameter, these flanges are suitable for higher pressure temperature applcatons Details of Bing flange | snc nange 2, Sta ot 3, casket 4, cere ange Remark(s) of the Author A simple manner fo make a 1/16" Gap. + Have you ever seen a Socket Weld contraction rg ?. Isa splt ring that is engineered and designed to give @ pre-measured 1/16" minimum 92p for socket welds. Made from a certified stainless stee, and resists corrosion from chemical, radioactive materials and water, Once inserted Into the iting the ring becomes a permanent part ofthe joint. I wll not rattle or vibrate even under extreme pressure Another manner isthe applying of in water-soluble board, Make rings witha hole punch with outside and inside dlameter ofthe pipe. Insert the rng int the flange or iting and ater hydretesting there is no ring anymore. For bath solutions, ask your custemar for permission, {old them on its place. + Ifa Lap Joint flanged connection must be disassembled, for example to raplace a gasket, it Is not always possible todo that on the conventional manner. The conventional manner the use ofa flange soreacer or crowbar that pushes off the two Flanges. By Lap Joint flanges that Is not possible, because these side back over the pipe, while the Stub Ends stay together. To prevent that, often are on 3 places, single millimeters behind the flange, on the Stub End, short pieces flat steel, wll De welded ‘There is no genera rule how a Lap Joint flange must be Hols on its place, and therefore it can deviate per customer speciation. You knew that..8 + At the smallest sizes, the amount of wall lost during threading actualy equals approximately 55% ofthe orginal pipe wal Butt welds vs Filet welds + In systems with relatively high pressures and temperatures, we need to avoid the use of, fillet welds. Butt welds, in such systems must be used. The strength of a butt weld is at least the strength ofthe base material. The strength of Flt welds related to the strength of, the bust weld, is about one thre [At higher pressures and temperatures, the expansion and contraction caused fast for serious Cracks in fillet welds and therefore the use of butt welds is essential For condults t eiticl machinery such as pumps, compressors and turbines, which are exposed to wioration (in addition to the expansion and contraction), we should avai the use of let welds or theeades connections. Filet welds have a higher sensitivity to cracks du to stress concentration, while bu are characterized by smooth exchange of tensions. 50, for critical situations, we have to use flanges connected by butt welding like 85 weld neck and rina type joint, and avoid using flanges connected by fle welds lke slip-on or Socket welds ip twunw wermas ocglangesianges. weldrg-neck_socket-weld lap joint screwed ir em27192015. Flanges General - Flange Types - Welding Neck or Weld Neck flanges, Slip-On fanges, Socket Weld flanges, Lap Joint fanges, Threaded anges Wel. ne ip twunw wermas oclangesianges. weldrg-neck_socket-weld lap joint screwed ir em