Employment

Opportunities
BRADLEY FANNON

Full Time

Full-time employment is employment in which a person works a minimum number of hours defined
as such by his/her employer. Full-time employment often comes with benefits that are not
typically offered to part-time, temporary, or flexible workers, such as annual leave, sick leave, and
health insurance. Full-time jobs are often considered careers.
As an employer you must give employees:
a written statement of employment or contract
the statutory minimum level of paid holiday
a pay slip showing all deductions, eg National Insurance contributions
the statutory minimum length of rest breaks
Statutory Sick Pay (SSP)
maternity, paternity and adoption pay and leave
Work hours
Full-Time status varies between company and is often based on the shift the employee must work during each work week.
The "standard" work week consists of five eight-hour days, commonly served between 9:00AM to 5:00PM or 10:00AM to 6:00pm totalling 40 hours.
While a four-day week generally consists of four ten-hour days; it may also consist of as little as nine hours for a total of a 36-hour work week.
Twelve-hour shifts are often three days per week, unless the company has the intention of paying out the employee overtime.

Part time

A part-time worker is someone who works fewer hours than a full-time worker. There is no specific
number of hours that makes someone full or part-time, but a part time worker normally works 20
hours a week but this could vary. The reasons for working part-time vary from individual to
individual. It may be that you want to have a different work-life balance, or you may have caring
responsibilities. If you're interested in changing your working patterns you might find it useful to
read about flexible working.

Part-time workers have the right not to be treated less favourably than a full time worker doing the
same or similar work regarding the terms of employment. For example part time may not require
you to have holidays breaks but there is holidays for a full time job.

Normally part time work is the same pay an hour if you were working as full time but the benefit of
working full time allows more of a pay rise. A lot of employees prefer part time workers because it
benefits the company by having someone who works the gaps that are needed for the
company.
The most common part time workers are students either at college or university. Mostly they work
at the weekends as a weekend job for them. However it is hard for students to find work because
of their experience in the working industry.

Freelance

A freelancer or freelance worker is a term commonly used for a person who is self-employed and
is not necessarily committed to a particular employer long-term. Freelance workers are sometimes
represented by a company or a temporary agency that resells freelance labour to clients; others
work independently or use professional associations or websites to get work.

A freelancer is someone who doesnt work for one company full-time, but is hired by different
companies for certain jobs. For example, a magazine or website will have a core team of editors
who hire freelance writers to write articles, or a TV production crew might hire freelance
cameramen to work on one series of programmes.

What are the advantages of freelancing?

Choose your work. Being a freelancer means you dont have a boss telling you what to do so you can
say no to jobs you dont want. You might also get to work at home for specific projects.

What are the disadvantages of freelancing?

Getting work. There are a lot of freelancers out there and getting your first few jobs can be hard. Just being
good at what you do isnt enough you need to network, market yourself and make contacts because noone will hire you if they dont know youre there! The workload can be unpredictable sometimes you might
be working all night to meet three deadlines in one week, while even the most successful freelancers have
months where they get no work at all

Shift work

Shift work is work that takes place on a schedule outside the traditional 9 am 5 pm day. It can involve
evening or night shifts, early morning shifts, and rotating shifts. Many industries rely heavily on shift work,
and millions of people work in jobs that require shift schedules.

Why Do People Work Shift Schedules?

When asked, people state many reasons for working on shift schedules. For example:

Shift work allows for better arrangements for family or childcare.

Shift work is the only option available.

Shift work is a personal preference.

Shift work is vital in many industries, and we rely on shift workers to provide important services off-hours.

However, while shift work does create potential productivity advantages, it also has many inherent risks.
Some of the most serious and persistent problems shift workers face are frequent sleep disturbance and
associated excessive sleepiness. Sleepiness in the work place can lead to poor concentration,
absenteeism, accidents, errors, injuries, and fatalities

Permanent Contract

Permanent

Permanent employment is a full-time, salaried position with a contract to work the minimum amount of 36 hours
each week.

The vast majority of workers are on a permanent contract and it's as much for the protection or the
employer as it is for the employee. Without permanent employees companies would be at risk of their
workforce leaving at the drop of a hat.

Advantages:

Financial security, you know that you have a certain amount of money paid to you every month which
allows you to budget effectively. Career opportunities are more accessible and you will have set goals to
achieve within your role. You will generally have a greater sense of job satisfaction as you become
integrated into your team and make long term friendships with colleagues.

Disadvantages:

Work-life balance . Friends, family and other commitments may be affected by working long hours for an
employer. Many people become frustrated by a lack of change and the same commute, the same four walls
and the same colleagues every day can be a grind. Notice periods tie you to an employer for a certain
amount of time even if you want to leave, which can put other employers off if it's a long time period.

A contract of employment is an agreement between an employer and employee and is the basis of the
employment relationship. Most employment contracts do not need to be in writing to be legally valid, but it
is better if they are. A contract 'starts' as soon as an offer of employment is accepted. Starting work proves
that you accept the terms and conditions offered by the employer.

Temporary Contract

Temporary work or temporary employment refers to an employment situation where the working
arrangement is limited to a certain period of time based on the needs of the employing
organization. Many temps are skilled workers who have left permanent employment in search of
a more flexible career. So, if you already have the skills and expertise that are needed in-house
from your permanent employees but have recognised the need for an occasional niche skill set,
you might consider bringing someone in on a temporary basis. There are different types of temps,
ranging from contract and freelance to interim.

It is an opportunity to achieve permanent employment status after the time period for your job
has lapsed. Temporary workers also may be referred to as seasonal employees. The most
common people who have temporary jobs are mainly students because if they are available in
the summer holidays they can work then.

Multi Skilled

Multi skilled workers have skills in more than one area of working which promotes workers who have a
range of skills or knowledge for working on several different projects, which may or may not be a part of the
worker's technical job description. This increases productivity and cuts the bottom line for a company,
which does not have to hire additional personnel to do other jobs.

The advantage to the company in multi-skilling comes with the ease of scheduling work which, in the past,
required two or more crafts or skill distinctions. The advantage to the worker is usually an incremental
increase in pay for the additional skills learned and used.

Strange as it may seem, many companies, after negotiating an agreement for multi-skilling, have failed to
quickly follow through with the plan or failed to communicate the goals, definition and work changes in the
multi-skill agreement. As a result, the new level of productivity that was initially desired is not achieved and
the advertised benefits are never realized.

Volunteer work

Volunteering is described as an unpaid activity where someone gives their time to help a not-for-profit
organisation or an individual who they are not related to.

One of the better-known benefits of volunteering is the impact on the community. Unpaid volunteers are
often the glue that holds a community together. Volunteering allows you to connect to your community and
make it a better place. However, volunteering is a two-way street, and it can benefit you and your family as
much as the cause you choose to help. Dedicating your time as a volunteer helps you make new friends,
expand your network, and boost your social skills.

Why people do volunteer work :

Volunteering can deliver a wealth of benefits including:
A means of building self-esteem and/or confidence
A great way to learn or develop skills and interests
A pathway to enhance work experience
Enhance your health and get active
A way to meet new people or broaden your social circle

Casual

A The phrase 'casual worker' is often used to describe workers who are not part of the permanent workforce,
but who supply services on an irregular or flexible basis, often to meet a fluctuating demand for work.

The term 'casual worker' is not defined in employment law.

The rights and protections available to a casual worker depends on the legal status of the individual in question.

Casual workers could potentially be employees, workers or self-employed.

Casual workers who are employees will accrue continuous employment, which provides additional rights, for example
the right to claim unfair dismissal after one years' continuous service. If an employer wants to ensure that their casual
workers are not treated as employees, steps should be taken to distinguish any casual worker from employee, for
example, by clear contractual provisions.

Hourly paid worker

Workers who are paid on an hourly basis are required to be paid, at the
least, minimum wage. Minimum wage rates vary from state to state, and employers
are required to pay either the state or federal minimum wage, whichever is higher.
A hourly employee is paid an hourly wage for each hour, while a salaried employee
is paid a flat salary regardless of how many hours they have worked during the
week.

Piecework

Piecework is any type of employment in which the worker isnt paid hourly but is paid a fixed piece rate for
each task or unit when finished. Some industries where piece rate pay jobs are common are agricultural
work, cable installation, call centres, writing, editing, translation, truck driving, data entry, carpet cleaning,
craftwork and manufacturing. Employees may prefer piecework if their relative earnings are high and if
other physical conditions are favourable. Piece work can usually only be used in limited situations when the
employer doesnt know which hours the worker does as with some home workers. If an employer sets the
working hours and the workers have to clock in and out, this counts as time work. The fair rate is the
amount that allows an average worker to be paid the minimum wage per hour if they work at an average
rate.

Recruitment & Contacts

Careers advice service

There is many websites that are dedicated to helping people look for jobs and talk about their careers. Most
common careers advice services are in local city centres where you can drop in and talk to the workers and
get help. Their aim is to get people who are seeking work and try to get them jobs by contacting companies
who are looking for employees.

The official careers website which is national careers service aims to do the following

Help find people a job

Planning peoples careers

Courses and learning

Apprenticeships

Personal

When searching for employment it is benefit if you know people personally at the job
you're looking for because they can help you get the job by asking the managers. If
you know people personally it can help you get the job rather than just applying
online when no one knows who you are until you are interviewed. Most companys
prefer the employees to know each other because it makes the experience more
easier. The single most important factor in getting a job or selling your services is
getting your talents to the right person. Who you know, who knows you, and who you
can contact are crucially important. More than 90% of positions are filled by
someone who knew someone who knew someone.

Networking

Most jobs tend to make it on website for example dedicated job websites.
Advertising jobs can be difficult so these website help people find jobs in
their local area. When a job is advertised it is helpful for the company and
people to apply. Being able to use networking will benefit your chances of
getting a job.

A lot of jobs do not get put onto websites because some companys may
think that it is too much hassle and only want to get people by word of
mouth instead. This will save money for the company rather than spending
money to put a job opportunity on a website.

Word of mouth

Word of mouth is very effective rather than marketing and advertising because of the
trust in people if spoke to personally unlike advertisement can be a waste of time.
Word of mouth is also the most effective way of social media marketing. Word-ofmouth advertising is important for every business, as each happy customer can steer
dozens of new ones your way. And it's one of the most credible forms of advertising
because a person puts their reputation on the line every time they make a
recommendation and that person has nothing to gain but the appreciation of those
who are listening.

Internet

The Internet is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure. It connects

millions of computers together globally, forming a network in which any computer
can communicate with any other computer as long as they are both connected to
the Internet. The World Wide Web, or simply Web, is a way of accessing information
over the medium of the Internet.

The internet plays a big part in job or education searching. Many companys do not
accept CVs which normally are handed over face to face but now they prefer
people to apply online rather than handing the CV into the shop. This shows that the
world is changing and the internet is growing with all our lives.

Many people use the internet to search for jobs because companys put jobs on
websites for people to apply if theyre interested which generates a lot of
applications.

Professional Development

Further Education
Further education
Further education includes any study after secondary education thats not
part of higher education (that is, not taken as part of an undergraduate or
graduate degree).
Courses range from basic English and math's to higher qualifications
FE also includes 3 types of technical and applied qualifications for 16 to
19-year-olds
level 3 tech levels to specialize in a specific technical job
level 2 technical certificates help get employment or progress to another
tech level
applied general qualifications to continue general education at advanced
level through applied learning
Degree
A diploma is generally issued in recognition of having
satisfactorily completed the prescribed course of
study. The most common degree awarded today is a
Bachelor's degree. An academic degree is the state
of recognized completion of studies at a school or
university. A diploma is generally issued in
recognition of having satisfactorily completed the
prescribed course of study.

Full Time
Full time education is where a student studys more than
the usual education studying. Full-time education is
education undertaken in pursuit of a course, where an
average of more than 12 hours per week is spent during
term time: receiving tuition; engaging in practical work;
receiving supervised study; or. taking examinations.

Part time Degree

Part time degrees are the same as the normal degree but it is not full
time and it will take 5-10 years to finish the course but possibly as long
as 10 years, depending on time, motivation and personal
circumstances.
Some courses let you vary the number of modules or credits taken
each year or even have a beak from studying. Others have a more rigid
schedule, following the same timetable as full-time students

Work Experience

Work experience is a far more flexible term but normally refers to some form of temporary work
placement within a company where you will work on junior-level tasks for the purpose of
gaining experience and insight into the industry. Mostly work placements who have work
experience do not pay the employee because it is only for the experience and only for a short
time. Most people who have work experiences is students who have been on a course for college
and school which have work experience for a week or 2 weeks.

It is a great way to gain experience and adding the work on your CV and also might be able to
have a reference for future jobs.

Benefits

gives you a valuable insight into the skills needed for a particular job

is an opportunity to test out a job that you are interested in to see if you really like it

can broaden your knowledge of jobs that you had never considered

will increase your awareness of your own skills and strengths

Training on the job

Employee training at the place of work while he or she is doing the actual job. Usually a
professional trainer or sometimes an experienced employee serves as the course instructor using
hands-on training often supported by formal classroom training. Training on a job can also mean
that you are gaining qualifications while working which is a great way to broader the experience.

This type of training can be formal or informal. Sometimes, on-the-job training is simply a more
experienced employee sitting with a less experienced employee to teach them how to do
something. Other times, there are more prescriptive training programs that all employees at a
company go through.

Skills analysis
Personal Skills
Personal qualities are personal characteristics of an individual. They are what make up one's personality. They help a
person get along in a new situation. For example, dependability and patience are qualities that employers would like a
good worker to have. Employability skills are general skills that are needed to get most jobs, but they also help you to
stay in a job and work your way to the top. While there will always be some job-specific skills that an employer is
looking for
Technology Skills
Technology skills now in this day and age are important because technology in jobs are advancing and if you are
familiar with technology it will benefit you finding a job. Most jobs have technology integrated into the job by emails or
other services.
Personal Development Plan
Personal development planning is the process of creating an action plan based on awareness, values, reflection,
goal-setting and planning for personal development within the context of a career or education. There Is a lot of
websites and service that can help people plan their personal development and are normally free services which help
young people choose the right career path.

Trade Unions

A trade union is an organisation made up of members (a membership-based organisation) and its

membership must be made up mainly of workers. One of a trade union's main aims is to protect and
advance the interests of its members in the workplace

Nearly seven million people in the UK belong to a trade union. Union members include nurses, school
meals staff, hospital cleaners, professional footballers, shop assistants, teaching assistants, bus drivers,
engineers and apprentices.

Unions have brought significant changes to society, including:

a national minimum wage

the abolition of child labour

improved worker safety

improving living standards by reducing the number of hours in the working week and encouraging a healthy
work/life balance

improved parental leave

equality legislation

better protection of migrant workers and a reduction in exploitation

Career services

There is many websites that are dedicated to helping people look for jobs and talk about their careers. Most
common careers advice services are in local city centres where you can drop in and talk to the workers and
get help. Their aim is to get people who are seeking work and try to get them jobs by contacting companies
who are looking for employees.

The official careers website which is national careers service aims to do the following

Help find people a job

Planning peoples careers

Courses and learning

Apprenticeships

Some also alert students to internship opportunities, although that is sometimes handled by a separate
department. Career services offices host job fairs during which employers visit the campus to recruit
students who are about to graduate.

Transferable Skills

Personal Attributes

Personal attributes s are the life skills we use every day to communicate and interact with
other people, both individually and in groups. People who have worked on developing strong
interpersonal skills are usually more successful in both their professional and personal lives.

Personal attributes can mean that you have a higher chance of getting a job than other
people if your personal attributes are more equipped and you have more experience.

Personal attributes basically means traits that make up your personality, which define who
you are as a person. For example these could be personal attributes to describe someone:
outgoing, extrovert, open. They are important because they are what makes you who you
are, what other people find in you that they may like or dislike

Knowledge and skills

Knowledge and skills are very important in the education and job industry because the more you have knowledge of a
subject the more dedicated and better at the job you will be. It is important to have skills and knowledge

The key knowledge and skills which make our profession unique include:

Organising knowledge and information.

Knowledge and information management.

Using and exploiting knowledge and information.

Research skills.

Information governance and compliance.

Records management and archiving.

Collection management and development.

Literacies and learning.

Leadership and advocacy.

Strategy, planning and management.

Customer focus, service design and marketing.

IT and communication.

Commitment

When employers post a job position, they want employees that are most suitable for the job this
makes searching for job fierce as getting jobs is becoming more competitive. The employers
value many attributes and one of them is commitment.

Commitment links with motivation in the work place. Employers value commitment because they
would need employees that would even work over time and come to work with short notice. An
example of this is an employee works over time in order to complete their work. In some job posts
it is actually required that you must work over time when possible. This is because employers want
motivated and committed employees. If you were committed to a job you would also, stand a
chance of promotion and it would show that you are also, motivated.

Efficiency

Efficiency is about making the best possible use of resources. Efficient firms maximise
outputs from given inputs, and so minimise their costs. By improving efficiency a
business can reduce its costs and improve its competitiveness.

Maintaining a strong employer and employee relationship can be the key to the
ultimate success of an organisation, the results are advantageous. It is known that if a
strong relationship is in place employees will be more productive, more efficient,
create less conflict and will be more loyal.

Similarly, being efficient is important to both managers and the employees. Efficiency
indicates using fewer inputs, but producing more outputs. It also means performing
the assigned duties without making mistakes, because the potential mistakes not only
spoil the reputation of a business, but also hinder the progress of a business.

Reliability

Reliability is essential to employee performance. Reliability consists of the extent to which an

individual or other entity may be counted on to do what is expected of him. For example, a
reliable employee is one who shows up for work on time and is prepared to complete his work in a
timely manner. A reliable worker does what he says he will do.

In a working industry it is very vital that you are reliable in the job you do because this will benefit
the company. The reliability of individual workers has a tremendous impact on the performance
of the individual employee as well as those she works with. An unreliable employee is one who
has proven consistently that she cannot be depended on to show up for work on time, meet
deadlines or contribute an acceptable work product. The performance of a reliable worker may
be degraded by the influence of an unreliable worker. company if employees are reliable and
wont let the company down.

Attendance & Punctuality

Attendance & Punctuality is very important in a job and also in life. When employees are
punctual, the workplace operates more smoothly as a whole. For instance, when everyone is on
time for a meeting, the meeting is able to start in full stride. Punctuality may help you achieve
advancement. It shows that you're dedicated to the job, interested in the work and capable of
handling responsibility. When you arrive on time for work or work-related activities, it shows that
you are capable of honouring your word. Being punctual helps employees project a sense of
professionalism and commitment.

Lack of punctuality not only affects the workplace it also affects the people at work. It may lead
to being sacked, as co-workers who are on time compare themselves to start to get annoyed
and are also behind on work because of the person who isnt punctual . Being late may make
you miss important information. This causes a harmful division among employees.

Self Presentation

Self presentation is key to the workplace. The way you present yourself at work is very important
and can make a big impression to work colleagues and other companys who are interested in
collaborating with your company. The first impression is also very important and will always affect
people attitudes towards you. Even though later on they might find out that their first impression of
you wasn't correct, unconsciously their attitudes towards you will somewhat reflect their first
impression. So, whether they are in your career or social life, it's important to know how to create
a good first impression.

The best way to make a good impression is to present yourself in a good manner by wearing
appropriate clothes. The person you are meeting for the first time does not know you and your
appearance is usually the first clue he or she has to go on

Functional Skills (ICT, Maths &

English)

Functional Skills are practical skills in English, Maths and ICT for all learners aged 14 and above.
Functional Skills provide an individual with essential knowledge, skills and understanding

ICT - Functional Skills in ICT course is designed to help students develop practical skills which will
allow them to work confidently in life. This is important to have because ICT is used a lot in the
world and to have the basic knowledge and understanding will be helpful in your career.

Maths Maths functional skills comes in 3 different levels. Level 1 is the least qualification to have
but it covers the knowledge that you will need to know in a workplace and in daily activities.

English English functional skills is also very important to have if people do not have a GCSE level
qualification. Functional Skills English provides candidates with the skills and abilities they need to
take an active and responsible role in their communities, workplace, and in educational settings.