CROSS SECTION : LEFT SUPPORT

50
380

SECTION
514.0
100
N.A.- SAGG
514.0
BOTM
LAYER 2 330
TOP-LAYER2 330

RECTANGULAR BEAM : CAPACITY DESIGN CO

N.A. - HOGG
100
BOTM LAYER1
100LAYER1
TOP

b (mm) =

230

1000

D (mm) =

900

50

175.7

100

1000

Span, L(m) =

380

175.7

100

100

fck (MPa) =

50

890.76

380

890.76

12.00
20

clear cover to main Reinf.

(mm) =
vert. dist. betn bars in layers
(mm) =
LEFT SUPPORT

bar dia (mm)

REINF. PROVIDED, BOTTOM

nos in layer 1 nos in layer2

965

135.0

965.0

135.0

965

215.0

965.0

135.0

12

965

295.0

965.0

135.0

16

965

295.0

965.0

135.0

20

965

295.0

965.0

135.0

25

965

295.0

965.0

135.0

Area (mm2)=

1473

965

295.0

965.0

135.0

As (mm2) =

1473

965

295.0

965.0

135.0

10

965

295.0

965.0

135.0

Space betn.
Bars (mm) =

53

3
1

135.0

135.0

3
170.0

135.0

Ast < Ast,lim

-

CAPCITY DESIGN FOR

SHEAR

LEFT
SUPPORT

Vu (kN), as per Analysis =

240.00

Vu,c = 1.2*(DL+IL), (kN) =

192.00

432.00

Mu,capacity SAGGING =
(kN.m) =
HOGGING =

135.0

215.0

170.0

215.0

135.0

295.0

170.0

295.0

135.0

295.0

170.0

295.0

135.0

295.0

170.0

295.0

135.0

295.0

170.0

295.0

135.0

295.0

170.0

295.0

Stirrup, Bar Dia. (mm) =

135.0

295.0

170.0

295.0

No. of Legs =

135.0

295.0

170.0

295.0

Spacing of Stirrup, (mm) =

LEFT SUPPORT
LIMIT STATE OF COLLAPSE
IN FLEXURE
Sagging, Mu

10

Eff.Cover:Comp, d'c (mm) =

52.5

12

Eff. Cover:Tension, d't(mm) =

37.5

Eff. Depth, d (mm) =

862.5

xu,max (mm) =

414.00

10

Capacity
Design for
Shear

549.11

Vu1 =

77.54

Vu2 =

306.46

Design SF, Vu (kN) =

306.46
8

160

Mu,lim (kN.m) =

473.26

Ast,lim (mm2) =

1899

Ast,min (mm2) =

535

Ast,max (mm2) =

5175

xu (mm) =

75.73

C1 (kN) =

125.4

a1 (mm) =

831.0

Eps,s =

0.00107

fs (MPa) =

214.7

C2 (kN) =

404.68

a2 (mm) =

810.0

C1+C2 (kN) =

530.09

TENSION , T (kN) =

531.69

Mu (kN.m) =

432.00

BEAM NO.

M : CAPACITY DESIGN CONCEPT FOR SHEAR REINF. IS 13920

B1

lear cover to main Reinf.

(mm) =

Bottom

25

Top

25

EFF. COVER

rt. dist. betn bars in layers

(mm) =

Bottom

15

Top

15

LEFT SUPPORT

fy (MPa) =

415
LEFT SUPP

RIGHT SUPP

Botom,d'(mm) =

37.5

37.5

Top, d' (mm) =

52.5

52.5

RIGHT SUPPORT

REINF. PROVIDED, TOP

nos in layer 1 nos in layer2

REINF. PROVIDED, BOTTOM

nos in layer 1

nos in layer2

REINF. PROVIDED, TOP

nos in layer 1 nos in layer2

942

942

1473

942

942

1473

Ast < Ast,lim

1885

Ast > Ast,lim

53

60

60

LEFT
SUPPORT

RIGHT
SUPPORT

1885
60

RIGHT
SUPPORT

Ast > Ast,lim

60

LIMIT STATE OF COLLAPSE IN SHEAR

270.00

Area of Tension Steel (mm2) =

1885

1885

216.00

pt (%) =

0.97

0.97

432.00

Tc (MPa) =

0.615

0.615

549.11

Tv (MPa) =

1.572

1.695

330.46

Tc,max (MPa) =

2.80

2.80

101.54

1. Sv= 0.87*fy*Asv/(Tv-Tc)/b, (mm) =

165

146

330.46

2. Sv = (0.87*fy*Asv/0.4/b (mm) =

395

395

3. Sv,max , 8*smallest longi. Bar dia =

160

160

4. Sv,max= 0.25 d, (mm) =

212

212

146
LEFT SUPPORT

VERIFY NEED FOR SIDE FACE REINF.

RIGHT SUPPORT

Hogging, Mu Sagging, Mu

Hogging, Mu

EVALUATION VERSION
VALID UPTO

37.5

52.5

37.5

52.5

37.5

52.5

847.5

862.5

847.5

bar dia (mm)

nos.

406.80

414.00

406.80

12

REBAR CALCULATOR

456.94

473.26

456.94

16

1866

1899

1866

20

535

535

535

25

5175

5175

5175

32

109.24

75.73

109.24

180.9

125.4

180.9

802.1

831.0

802.1

0.00230

0.00107

0.00230

338.7

214.7

338.7

498.79

404.68

498.79

810.0

810.0

810.0

679.69

530.09

679.69

680.56

531.69

680.56

549.11

432.00

549.11

CROSS SECTION : RIGHT SUPPORT

SECTION
N.A.-SAG
BOTM LAYER 2
TOP-LAYER2

100
330

1000

50

175.7

100

1000

380

175.7

100

100

50

890.8

380

890.8

330

N.A.-HOG
100
BOTM LAYER1
TOP100
LAYER1

1.0

965.0

135.0

965.0

135.0

2.0

965.0

215.0

965.0

135.0

3.0

965.0

295.0

965.0

135.0

4.0

965.0

295.0

965.0

135.0

5.0

965.0

295.0

965.0

135.0

6.0

965.0

295.0

965.0

135.0

8.0

965.0

295.0

965.0

135.0

9.0

965.0

295.0

965.0

135.0

10.0

965.0

295.0

965.0

135.0

1.0

135.0

135.0

170.0

135.0

2.0

135.0

215.0

170.0

215.0

3.0

135.0

295.0

170.0

295.0

4.0

135.0

295.0

170.0

295.0

5.0

135.0

295.0

170.0

295.0

6.0

135.0

295.0

170.0

295.0

7.0

135.0

295.0

170.0

295.0

8.0

135.0

295.0

170.0

295.0

9.0

135.0

295.0

170.0

295.0

RECTANGULAR BEAM DESIGN :

LIMIT STATE OF COLLAPSE IN
FLEXURE & SHEAR : IS 456
b (mm) =

350

D (mm) =

600

fck (MPa) =

20

fy (MPa) =

Comp.Steel, d'c

Tension Steel, d't

35

b (mm) =
D (mm) =

40

fck (MPa) =

Area of Steel, (mm2)

fy (MPa) =

Tension, Ast =

200

RECT. BEAM : CAPACITY IN FLEX

OF COLLAPSE :

415
Effective Cover (mm)

DESIGN FOR FLEXURE

Factored B.M., Mu
(kN.m) =

B1

Comp, Asc =

1123

DESIGN FOR SHEAR

bar dia (mm)

12

Factored SF at Critical Section, Vu,c (kN) =

140

16

Ast' at Critical Section for SF (mm2) =

1100

20

Stirrup Dia.(mm) =

25

No. of Legs =

Eff. Cover : Tension

Steel, (mm) =

40

259

Design Spacing of Stirrups, Sv (mm) =

FACTORED SHEAR CAPACITY FOR MIN. SHEAR STIRRUPS

Ast' for minimum Shear Reinf. Region (mm2) =
Eff. Cover : Tension
Steel, (mm) =

40

1100

Stirrup Dia.(mm) =

No. of Legs =

As, (mm2) =
Max.dia (mm) =

Ast (mm2) =
Space betn. Bars
(mm) =

FACTO

259

Asc for Xu=Xu,lim

Provide Spacing (mm) =

250

2680

SHEAR CAPACITY, Vu for Min. shear reinf. (kN) =

179

Stirrups Spacing for Minimum Shear Reinf (mm) =

CALCULATIONS FOR LIMIT STATE

DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR FLEXURE

Eff. Depth, d (mm) =

560

Ast,lim (mm2) =

1876

xu,max (mm) =

xu,max (mm) =

268.80

Ast,min (mm2) =

431

Mu,lim (kN.m) =

Mu,lim (kN.m) =

303.60

Ast,max(mm2) =

8400

Eps,s =

0.00304

fs (MPa) =

Eff. Depth, d (mm) =

k =Mu / b/d2 =
Asc =

354.29

1.82

Ast1 =

1123

Ast2 =

DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR

SHEAR

FOR DESIGN
SHEAR

FOR MINIMUM
SHEAR REINF.

Tv (MPa) =

0.714

Tc,max (MPa) =

2.80

pt (%) =

0.56

0.56

STRESSSTRAINCURVE

Tc (MPa) =

0.501

0.501

1.Sv= 0.87*fy*Asv/(Tv-Tc)/b, (mm) =

259

2. Sv = (0.87*fy*Asv/0.4/b (mm) =

259

259

3. Sv,max , 300mm =

300

300

4. Sv,max= 0.75 d, (mm) =

420

420

TENSION , T (kN

EVALUATION VERSION
VALID UPTO

B1

BEAM : CAPACITY IN FLEXURE FOR LIMIT STATE

OF COLLAPSE : IS 456
350
600
20
415

100 450 450 100 100

100

450

100

450

700

100

700

100

100

50

356.7

500

356.7

N.A.(Xu)

clear cover to main

Reinf.(mm) =

25

vert. dist. betn bars

in layers (mm) =

25

REINF. PROVIDED, TENSION

100

nos in layer 1

nos in layer2

REINF.
PROVIDED,
COMPRESSION

50

319.8

500

319.8

1964

2454

2945

25

25

25

4417.9
67

Ast > Ast,lim

44

FACTORED BM, Mu(kN.m) =

30

762.59

Eff. Cover : Tension Reinf, d't (mm) =

65.3

Eff. Cover : Comp.Reinf, d'c (mm) =

37.5

LATIONS FOR LIMIT STATE OF COLLAPSE IN FLEXURE

534.7

Ast,lim (mm2) =

1791

256.67

Ast,min (mm2) =

431

276.81

Ast,max (mm2) =

8400

RESULT&
CALCULATIONS

LEARN, ITERATE
YOURSELF

xu (mm) =

219.84

121.1

C1 (kN) =

554.00

305.10

a1 (mm) =

443.3

484.4

Eps,s =

0.00290

0.00242

fs (MPa) =

353.05

343.0

C2 (kN) =

1039.82

1010.08

a2 (mm) =

497.2

497.2

1593.82

1315.18

C1+C2 (kN) =

Column M
LAYER1

TENSION , T (kN) =

1595.07

1595.07

Mu (kN.m) =

762.59

650.01

EVALUATION VERSION
-

REBAR CALCULATOR
bar dia (mm)

nos.

12

16

20

25

32

As, cal (mm2) =

2061

100

Column M
LAYER1

665

135.0

625.0

135.0

135.0

135.0

665

228.3

625.0

205.0

135.0

191.0

665

321.7

625.0

275.0

135.0

247.0

665

415.0

625.0

345.0

135.0

303.0

665

415.0

625.0

415.0

135.0

359.0

665

415.0

625.0

415.0

135.0

415.0

665

415.0

625.0

415.0

135.0

415.0

665

415.0

625.0

415.0

135.0

415.0

665

415.0

625.0

415.0

135.0

415.0

10

665

415.0

625.0

415.0

135.0

415.0

DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR BEAM

SUBJECTED TO COMBINED
FLEXURE, TORSION AND SHEAR
b (mm) =

350

D (mm) =

700

fck (MPa) =

25

Factored Internal forces :

Negative sign for Hogging B.M.
Mu (kN.m) =

500

Vu (kN) =

500

Tu (kN.m) =

30

B1

fy (MPa) =

415
Effective Cover (mm)
Comp.Steel, d'c

Tension Steel, d't

35

50

REINF. FOR FLEXURE + TORSION

Bottom reinf.
(mm2) =

2915

Top Reinf. (mm2)

=

196

DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR FLEX

A : Mt + Mu
Mt + Mu (kN.m) =
d (mm) =
d' (mm) =
Mulim (kN.m) =
Ast,lim (mm2) =
Ast,min (mm2) =
xu,max (mm) =
Eps,s =
fs (MPa) =
k (Mu/b/d2) =

DESIGN FOR SHEAR

Ast1 (mm2) =

Main Bar Dia(mm) =

Clear Cover to Main Bar (mm) =

25

33

Stirrup Dia.(mm) =

No. of Legs =

8
4

Design Spacing
of stirrups(mm) =

99

Ast2 (mm2) =
BOTTOM STEEL, Ast
(mm2) =
TOP STEEL, Asc (mm2)
=

CHECK NEED FOR TORSION DESIGN

beta =

2.50

Tc,max (MPa) =

pt (%) =

1.16

Ve (kN) =

Tc (MPa) =

0.68

Tve (MPa) =

3.10

DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR SHE

637.14

beta =

2.80

pt (%) =

CONSIDER TORSION IN DESIGN FOR FLEXURE & SHEAR

Tc (MPa) =
DESIGN CRITERIA :

REBAR CALCULATOR

1. = 0.87*fy*Asv*d1/(Tu/b1+Vu

bar dia (mm)

nos.

12

3. = (0.87*fy*Asv/0.

16

4.

20

17

5.

25

6. = (X1+Y

32

7. = 0

As, cal (mm2) =

5341

2. = (0.87*fy*Asv/(Tve-T

EVALUATION VERSION
VALID UPTO

DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR FLEXURE WITHOUT TORSION

Mu + Mt (kN.m) =

500.00

Mulim (kN.m) =

510.17

d (mm) =

650

Ast,lim (mm2) =

2722

d' (mm) =

35

Ast,min (mm2) =

502

xu,max (mm) =

312.00

Ast,max(mm2) =

Eps,s =

0.0031

fs (MPa) =

k (Mu/b/d2) =

3.38

Ast1 (mm2) =

2640

Ast2 (mm2) =

Asc (mm2) =

9800
354.84

BOTTOM STEEL,
Ast (mm2) =

2640

TOP STEEL, Asc

(mm2) =

CALCULATIONS FOR FLEXURE

A : Mt + Mu
552.94

WITH TORSION
B : Mt - Mu
Mt - Mu (kN.m) =
0.00

650

d (mm) =

665

35

d' (mm) =

50

510.17

Mulim (kN.m) =

533.99

2722

Ast,lim (mm2) =

2785

502

Ast,min (mm2) =

502

312.00

xu,max (mm) =

319.20

0.0031

Eps,s =

0.0030

354.84

fs (MPa) =

353.48

3.74

k (Mu/b/d2) =

0.00

2722

Ast1 (mm2) =

193

Ast2 (mm2) =

TOP STEEL, Ast (mm2)

=

BOTTOM STEEL, Asc

(mm2) =

2915
196

WITH TORSION

CALCULATIONS FOR SHEAR

2.27

Tve (MPa) =

1.28
0.70
DESIGN CRITERIA :

Tc,max (MPa) =
IS 456 - 2000

= 0.87*fy*Asv*d1/(Tu/b1+Vu/2.5) =
2. = (0.87*fy*Asv/(Tve-Tc)/b =

140
99

3. = (0.87*fy*Asv/0.4/b =

519

4. = 300

300

5. = X1

300

6. = (X1+Y1) / 4

255

7. = 0.75 d

488

VALUATION VERSION
-

2.80
3.1

B1

CALC U LAT

DEFLECTION CALCULATION FOR RECT. RCC BEAMS

Eff. Depth, d(mm

pt (%
D (mm) =

1500

fck (MPa) =

25

S.S. Span, le (m) =

20

Unfactored BM, M (kN.m) =

2600

Total UDL, w(kN/m) =

52

Per.UDL, wp(kN/m) =

42

Creep Coeff, =

1.6

Effective Cover (mm)

Comp.Steel, d'c
35

Tension Steel, d't

Ig (mm

Area of Steel, (mm2)

Comp, Asc =
1200

Tension, Ast =
8000

fy (MPa) =

415

,short term (mm) =

60.9

,Shrinkage(mm) =

7.0

,long term (mm) =

50.3

,creep (mm) =

43.3

,Total (mm) =

111.1

Initial -ve, ,ini (mm) =

-31.2

,Net total (mm) =

79.9

Mr (kN.m

EVALUATION VERSION
VALID UPTO
,allowable (mm) =
CALCULATED

7/1/2010
80.0
CONCL :

50.3

NOT O.K.

Span / Long term defn. (Min. 350) =

397.9

O.K.

Span / Net Total defn. ( Min. 250 ) =

250.3

O.K. with -ve delta

Long Term Deflection, (Max: 20mm) =

fcr (MP

70

RESULTS:

CODE CHECK (PERMISSIBLE)

pc (%

SHORT TERM DEFn.

PARAMETERS

350

LONG TERM DEFn.

PARAMETERS

b (mm) =

CALC U LAT I O N S
Eff. Depth, d(mm) =

1430

pt (%) =

1.60

pc (%) =

0.24

fcr (MPa) =

3.5

Ig (mm4) =

9.84E+10

Mr (kN.m) =

459.38

Ec (MPa) =

25000

m=
N.A., x (mm) =

8.0
546.4

Ir =

7.12E+10

Ieff =

6.44E+10

Ieff, use =

7.12E+10

k4=

0.70

Ecc (MPa) =

9615

m,c =

20.8

N.A., x,c (mm) =

745.0

Ir,c =

1.38E+11

Ieff,c =

1.22E+11

Ieff,cuse =

9.84E+10

ai,cc(per) =

92.44

ai(per) =

49.16

STRESS - STRAIN CURVE FOR HYSD STEEL (Fe 415)

fy (MPa) =
fya (MPa) =
(fy / 1.15)

FACTORED STRESS STRAIN CUR

415
360.87

400.00

For fs' <= 0.8fy/1.15, es = fs / 2E5

For fs' > 0.8fy/1.15, interpolate 'es' from Table
350.00

0.8fy/1.15
0.85fy/1.15
0.90fy/1.15
0.95 fy/1.15
0.975 fy/1.15
fy/1.15

stress, fs
(MPa)

elastic
strain
( fs / 2E5 )

plastic
strain (from
IS-fig 23A)

Total
Strain, es

288.70
306.74
326.59
342.83
351.85
360.87

0.001443
0.001534
0.001633
0.001714
0.001759
0.001804

0.0000
0.0001
0.0003
0.0007
0.0010
0.0020

0.0014435
0.0016337
0.0019329
0.0024141
0.0027592
0.0038043

STRESS - STRAIN TABLE

es
fs (MPa)
0.00000
0.00
0.00025
50.00
0.00050
100.00
BEAM ANA
0.00075
150.00
USER
0.00100
200.00
0.00144
288.70
0.00163
306.74
0.00193
326.59
0.00241
342.83
0.00276
351.85
0.00380
360.87
0.00500
360.87
0.00600
360.87
0.0014435
0.0038043

288.70
360.87

300.00

STRESS - STRAIN
CALCULATOR,
(ANALYSIS)
es
0.00290
0.00250

fs
353.1
345.1

250.00

fs (MPa)

STRESS ( from
IS fig. 23A)

200.00

150.00

100.00

50.00

0.00
0.00000 0.00100 0.00200 0.00300 0.0
es

ANALYSIS

STRESS STRAIN CURVE FOR HYSD STEEL

100 0.00200 0.00300 0.00400 0.00500 0.00600 0.00700

es

1. GENERAL :
The design of reinforcement for Limit State of Collapse in Flexure and Shear for Rectangular Beam Section is
carried out as per IS-456. Check for Minimum and Maximum Reinforcement criteria is considered for Flexure as
per the Code. Check for minimum shear reinforcement, maximum spacing of shear reinforcement is done as per
the Code.

2. Rectangular Beam Design for Flexure as per IS 456 :

* The Input data for the Beam design for Flexure :
Factored BM (Mu), Beam Dimensions and Effective Cover for Tension and Compression Steel, Grade
of Concrete fck
* Clear cover for the beam would be as per Table16 for Durability criteria and as per Table 16A for Fire
resistance criteria. In mild exposure condition for a fire resistance of 0.5 hour, 20mm cover is provided
for stirrups. Based on this eff. cover would be calculated by designer based on no. of layers in which
steel would be provided. To start with 40 to 50mm cover may adopted and corrected on finding the
actual disposition of bars in next iteration by the designer.
* For given BM, Mu < Mu,lim, the section is singly reinforced beam and only Tension steel is calculated,
comp. steel would be zero. Minimum area of tension steel Ast,min (mm2) = 0.205 % of the gross area of
section. If Ast, calculated < Ast,min, Ast,min is reported. For Mu > Mu,lim both tension and comp. steel
are calculated. The Maximimum Tension Steel is 4 % of the gross area of section. If Ast,calculated >
Ast,max, A message to "REV DEPTH" appers in the cell.
* Based on the area of steel required 'Ast', use Rebar calculator to to determine size and number of bars
required. Recalculate the effective cover based on the rebar arrangement, with input of revised cover
recalculate design steel required. The spacing < 180mm as per Cl.26.3.3. for zero % redistribution of
moment with Fe 415 steel.
3. Rectangular Beam Design for Shear as per IS 456 :
* The Input data for the Beam design for Shear :
Factored Shear Force at Critical Section (Vu), Effective Cover for Tension Steel, Grade of Steel for
Strrups, No. of Legs and dia. Of Strrups
* The spacing of stirrups would be calculated using Cl. 40.4, along with minimum shear reinforcement
and max. spacing criteria as per Cl. 26.5.1.6. The designer should see thatclosest spacing should be
approximately 100mm for ease of concreting, as far as possible.
3. Design Shear Force for Minimum Shear Reinforcement:
* It will calculate the magnitude of factored shear force which will be safely carried by minimum shear
reinforcement. Hence the segment of beam can be identified by the designer from the Shear Force
envelope obtained from the analysis results, for which minimum shear reinforcement would suffice.
* The Input data for the Beam design for Shear :
* The Input data : Area of Tension Steel at Critical Section, Effective Cover for Tension Steel, Grade of
Steel for Strrups, No. of Legs and dia. Of Strrups

4. DESIGN PROCESS :
Give Input Data in white space, with red font. See the Instructions on the BM-DSN worksheet.
5. DISCLAIMER
* TO BE USED BY QUALIFIED STRUCTURAL ENGINEER FOR DESIGN AS PER OF IS - 456. CHECK BEFORE USE.
* NO LIABILITY OF DEVELOPER OF ANY TYPE UNTILL A LICENCE AGREEMENT IS SIGNED BETWEEN USER AND
DEVELOPER, AND THAT THE USER IS FORMALLY TRAINED FOR USE OF THIS SPREAD SHEET, INCL. ITS ADVANTAGES AND
ITS LIMITATIONS.

K. N. Sheth, Civil Engg. Dept., D.D. University, Nadiad - 387001

Email : knsheth123@gmail.com , kn_sheth@yahoo.com

FLOW CHART FOR DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR BEAMS FOR F

INPUT DATA : b, D. fck,
fy=415, Eff. Cover for
comp.(d'c) & Tension (d't)
Steel. etc.

Calculate Eff. Depth (d)

Xu,max = 0.48 * d
Mu,lim = 0.36*fck*b*Xu,max*(d-0.416*Xu,max)
= 0.1382*fck*b*d^2
Ast,lim = 0.36*fck*b*Xu,max/(0.87*fy)
= 0.0479 * fck*b*d/100
Ast,max = 0.04 *b * D / 100
Ast,min = 0.205 * b *D / 100

YES

Mu < Mu,lim

Find Xu from: ( Mu =C1*a1)

Mu = 0.36*fck*b*Xu*(d-0.416*Xu)
Find Ast from C1 = T
0.36*fck*b*Xu = 0.87*fy*Ast

Xu=Xu,max

Or find
pt = 50*fck* [ 1 - sqrt(1-4.6*k/fck)]/fy
where k = Mu/(b.d^2)
And
Ast = pt b d / 100

Revise Section
/ Steel area

YES
Ast < Ast,min

NO

Provide Ast

NO

Ast = Ast,min

CTANGULAR BEAMS FOR FLEXURE : IS 456-2000

Xu=Xu,max

Revise Section
/ Steel area

Mu2 = Mu -Mu,lim
find Esc = 0.0035*(Xu,max-d'c) / Xu,max
Obtain 'fsc' from Stress Strain Curve,
Find Asc from, Mu2 = fsc * Asc * (d-d'c)
Ast1 = Ast,lim
Find Ast2 from C2=T2
0.87*fy*Ast2 = fsc*Asc
Ast = Ast1 +Ast2

Ast>Ast,max
YES
NO
Provide Ast

FLOW CHART FOR CAPACITY CALCULATION OF RECTANGULAR BEAMS : IS 456-2000

Nomenclature :

INPUT DATA : b, D. fck,

fy=415, Reinf. Detail,
Clear Cover(Cc), Vert.
Clear Dist. (Cv)

fck = Characteristic Conc. Strength (MPa)

fy = Characteristic Strength of Reinf. Bars (MPa)
Xu = distance of N.A. from Extreme Comp. fibre. (mm)
Mu = Moment of Resistance of section (kN.m)
C1 = Comp. Force induced in Concrete (kN)
a1 = Lever Arm for C1 (mm)
Eps = Strain in Conc at the level of Comp. Steel
fsc = Factored Stress in Comp. steel (MPa)
C2 = comp. Force induced in Comp. Steel (kN)
a2 = Lever arm for C2 (mm)
T = Tension Induced in tension Steel (kN)

Calculate Eff. Cover (d't & d'c), Eff. Depth (d)

Xu,max = 0.48 * d
Mu,lim = 0.36*fck*b*Xu,max*(d-0.416*Xu,max)/1000000
= 0.1382*fck*b*d^2/1000000
Ast,lim = 0.36*fck*b*Xu,max/(0.87*fy)
= 0.0479 * fck*b*d/100
Ast,max = 0.04 *b * D / 100
Ast,min = 0.205 * b *D / 100

Xu, max = Critical(Max.) Value of Xu (mm)

Mu,lim = MR for Xu = Xu,max due to C1 only (kN.m)
Ast,max = Max. Area of tension steel (mm2)
Ast,min = Minimum Area of Tension steel (mm2)
Ast,lim = Area of tension steel for Xu=Xu,max (Critical case)(mm2)
Mu2 = MR due to Comp. steel (kN.m)

Ast < Ast,max

OR
Ast > Ast,min

NO

YES
YES
YES

NO

Find Xu from:( C1 = T)
0.36*fck*b*Xu+fsc*Asc
= 0.87*fy*Ast

Find Mu = C1*a1
Mu = 0.36*fck*b*Xu*(d-0.416*Xu)*10^6
2. Asc >0 (C1*a1+C2*a2)
Mu = 0.36*fck*b*Xu*(d-0.416*Xu) + fsc*Asc*(dd'c)

Asc > 0

Ast < Ast,lim

NO

YES
YES

SolveSolve
by iteration,
by iteration,
assume
assume
Xu, Xu,
find Esc
find=Esc
0.0035*(Xu-d'c)
= 0.0035*(Xu-d'c)
/ Xu / Xu
Obtain
Obtain
'fsc' from
'fsc' from
Stress
Stress
Strain
Strain
Curve,
Curve,
Obtain
Obtain
Xu from
Xu from
( C1+( C1+
C2 =C2
T) = T)
0.36*fck*b*Xu
0.36*fck*b*Xu
+ fsc*Asc
+ fsc*Asc
= 0.87*fy*Ast
= 0.87*fy*Ast
IterateIterate
till Xu,assumed
till Xu,assumed
= Xu,obtained(approx.)
= Xu,obtained(approx.)

Find Mu =(C1*a1+C2*a2)
Mu = {0.36*fck*b*Xu*(d-0.416*Xu)
+ fsc*Asc*(d-d'c)}*10^6

Revise Section
/ Steel area

b = Width of Beam (mm)

D = Over all Beam Depth (mm)
d'c = Eff. Cover to Comp. Reinf. (mm)
d't = Eff. Cover to Tension reinf. (mm)
d = Eff. Depth of Beam (mm)
Ast = area of Tension steel provided (mm2)
Asc = Area of Comr. Steel Provided (mm2)

For Xu=Xu,max
find Esc = 0.0035*(Xu,max-d'c) / Xu,max
Obtain 'fsc' from Stress Strain Curve,
C = C1+C2 = (0.36*fck*b*Xu + fsc*Asc)*1000
T = 0.87*fy*Ast

C>T

NO

YES

Iterate for Xu < Xu,max so that C = T

i.e. assume Xu,
find Esc = 0.0035*(Xu-d'c)/Xu
Obtain 'fsc' from Stress Strain Curve,
Obtain Xu from ( C1+C2 = T)
0.36*fck*b*Xu + fsc*Asc = 0.87*fy*Ast
Iterate till assumed and obtained Xu, approx. same.

Find Mu =(C1*a1+C2*a2)
Mu = {0.36*fck*b*Xu*(d-0.416*Xu)
+ fsc*Asc*(d-d'c)}*10^6

Xu=Xu,max

Mu = Mu,lim + Mu2
Mu,lim = {0.36*fck*b*Xu,max*(d 0.416*Xu,max)}*10^6
find Esc = 0.0035*(Xu,max-d'c)/Xu
Obtain 'fsc' from Stress Strain Curve,
Mu2 = {fsc * Asc * (d-d'c)}*10^6