Z]]YzsaZo|ZMZYy








FMEAMyZgM
















QS-SP-02271



pyZ

 \Zbz


 aZY

    aZ
    $tyZc


  $]Zd[#yZ#

   FMEA]{Z

 (FMEA)MyZgMZ]]YzsaZo|ZM

    v
   zdzc

  cc
 ......................................................................................................... FMEAc_p

   FMEAyZ
  LY|kYdz{dyZZ
   bX
   `]vc
   yusZvZ
   vryZc
   FMEAryZc
   cLZY
   uzyZY
  Z]]YzsbZo
   ]Yzs_Z]yZgM
.............................................................................................. av

  av]Z{yYYz]uZZyZvk

    }
   ]Yzs|ZZ]

  
QS-SP-02272



  ]Z{yYYz]uZZyZvk
  ]YzsyZ]]Yyyu&uZvk
   yZkZzd

  tc
  tc]Z{yYYz]uZZyZvk


  \tcZYcY|Z]]Yyyu&uZvk
....................................................................... (PRN)ybY_z
   uZaZYvY
   uZaZYvYYz]bX
   vwZtcYaZYvY
   (PRN)`ld
    z.
   DFMEAz
   PFMEAz

QS-SP-02273



aZY

vZzYy(FMEA) MyZgMZ]]YzsaZo|ZM$]ZdY
zFMEAvZWYyYcY{YuZdYYz]ZWZYy
vZ]bYcZdbZ
MyZgMvMzp_Z]Z]Yzs]Z{yYZZ
ZYydpZ]YzsZdoYvYdcZYvYZZ
uyYuz]Z{YZuYu
ZvMzdsZvd
zgRzcYz]bYoYzvMzyucYvYcY{YuZdY
uz.]aybZ]zdbZy\kYz]oYzyu$M
zM\YkZZYz]|ZMZv#z-Y
y\ZFMEAZYvYuYuZlYbsZvMzpoYz
vYzMYz]cZd
DFMEAFMEA uz]yZuzyuuZdYuyzY]kcZ]
ay]cZpczzzmzyuYxbY]Z>Zd^PFMEA
bYvWYyYZuz]yZ{YzYz]c]|ayyuzd
DFMEAYz]cZpc`|kY`Zyuby]


aZ




$tyZc




$]Zd[#yZ#

bZ]DFMEA]]zaZpcaZbZ]bYzdPFMEA
bYvMdyuZbZ]PFMEA]]z\ZYzZ
yuapzdu^]]vdbZ]Zdz{zYZlM{Y
Z Z Y
Y Z Y Z
Z


FMEA]{Z

1- Failure mode and effect analysis

2- Design FMEA
3- Process FMEA




QS-SP-02274



dZZcY]FMEA {YuZdY]{ZvZ]dzz
u}ZoYz.ubz{Y]dpZ]YzsxoZZYz]
YzkYZ]bYuYuZZyusayz]dz-ayaZZ
bX#z-Yuzz.aY{YyZ]{YYdFMEAZ
ZobZ]FMEAaZdpZYuyYx-Yuz]FMEA`c
tdv #z^suYzY{YcvZ]cc
z{Y~aZvsb%ZdbsZoYz
cYbYMZ{FMEA bZydZzd{Y
vZ]avyZM{Yv][yYz]yY|]YM{Y
zd]\Yz]vZ]Y{Y^[{z]{YbZYz]yY|]Y
yuYz-Zay]]YzsbZoY{Y^bZ]FMEAjZd
]FMEAYzkYuz.]ayuyZMbsZvYzZpoYz
doYz]vMzpyuzczZ{{Y^Zy
Z{YvMyuYzp]ZzcZdoYuZlYvYdY{yY
YyoYaYzc]{ZZdoYvYdFMEAudYuz]
[sFMEAvxoZuYuZYyvZ]Y{%zYz]|bY
bY.v{vMz


QS-SP-02275



|ZM
]YzsaZo
MyZgMZ]
(FMEA)

QS-SP-02276



`]bYpcc(FMEA)MyZgM]YzsaZo|ZM
kcuy{YY|]ZYoy]Xc}v
]uZlY]zZ]]YzsaZodz-yYz{YvY
yZ]Z{yucvyZY{YbYOsFMEAZ
pcyuZvYu]dZdz{oYz
yu}vZdZaY{Y]cZduzyYvZ]
]YyyZYZpc{Yt]oYzZbsZ|yZz]vMzo
u{Z[dvvZay


v

ZpdYz{z]]YzsyZZ]YyoYzvMzDFMEA
vt]
MZ|.ZkoYzaZY|Y]Z{yYyu c
%Zdb]ZbsZb]ZpcYz]YoYzyu c
yZgMdp]YzsaZodz-yYzkcuyZdoYY|Y c
ZvMzcoYzZ.yusaZdz]M
z]ZMzgPc\oz]Z]]YzsaZo{Yb`c c
\oz]\czcv]ZcvZ]vv]bYzdy
uyZaZZ{McoYzu^]yz]ZdY
aYuZ]Z{yYyz]Yz][#yZ#uYz c
]YzsyZYz]{aZYvY
PFMEA

vZ]^czp]YyvMzZ]]YzsaZoc
vZZ
v]Z{yYzdu|YyZ]Yzs{YZ_Z]yZgMc
Zzd$%ZdZbsZvMz]Yzs_Z] c
4- Alternatives

QS-SP-02277



YzZZZZYz]bZ]YyvMz
vZZYyvzd]Yzs
]Yzs_Z]aZo{YbY}ZYz]v\cz bc
aZYvYYz]v]bYdldyuuc

vZYzoY
v]aZZvzvYdzd{YyFMEAyu
oYzXcvZ|vZ]aZvsZ%ZdbsZ#
%ZdbsZvMzXvdzcZ]mZyus
uaZvs
aZ`Yz]PFMEADFMEA`c|dFMEA yZpc
`c>vZ]aZ_uZdY vvkYzdZzcaZvvk
u{ZMbsZvZcyZuZoYzZcyZu{Yuz`]ZM
Zdy]X}vuzyZdYFMEAvMzyu
#uyYZZ{oYvz-yuYy^czZt]`Z-vZ
uvpZM]uz{Y~aZvsbuYbsZ%Zd
]ZvYuZ^czpcYz]Yyy|ZcZFMEAu
uzyv]vZZYvMz oYzjZd{YzxzgPcZZcyZu
vvjzcYyc

oYzuzZ{YbZ]bYYv{vdDFMEA
yuv\aZYZvYaYzc}ZYz]u{ZM
Yz]bsZZWYyY{Y^u{y]pc{ZzYz
vZ]vcaMZPc
oYzaZDFMEA bYvZp%ZdbsZZ{ZYzZ]




zdzc




cc

5- Conceptual design

QS-SP-02278



%ZddsZaZMZ]mzuyYx.Yz]YyZ]uYuyYz\ZtYy
yubY|ZZZ]]YzsaZovvYs
yuvYdbY|YYyvdZ]ZcY%ZdZbsZvMz
upDFMEA
oYz_Z]ZYz]bsZvMzZzdz]dDFMEA
ouyYy%ZdbsZvMz|cZduvpZYb
#vvyYz
\ZbsZZduvp c
mbsYuzZduvp c
%Zdu%ZdYz]{Z c
uuzbtZduvp c
bsZvMzb]Zyuz c
{YvcyZ^umzDFMEA `cyuvYdZsaYX
b#M_uZdYuyYvvZlYYyyZ#p
vuyMz]YyzuyuzyZ.#p
bYdyyZ]pyZdsZyuY|kYZsuY#
bYZ^cyYyuz.uapZ]Yz#bpcy#p
vMuk]M{YuZdYZp`]^ZkZvZ#
ZZyuvuZMvyYv.dz-yYzuZdYuypy#
uvvz
vZ]ZYvpYvcoYz
y#vZ]z-yu%zY{Y]Z#
uzvYsuZdYpY{Y#

6- Function

QS-SP-02279



vZvoYzyMpuz-zPFMEA 
v]vYdZ]Z]YzsbsZvYsuyMz]YyoYz
yYzkcuyPFMEA yuvYdZYb{Zvd]ZcYoYz
uYuDFMEA yuZM{Yz._pZMyZgMuz.]
ZyYz]poYzaYzc]dPFMEA u
vZ]bsZvMzyuuk
_v|yZz]vMzZ]}ZyupoYzZzdYyZzuZZY

ZYuz-yYzkcuyvYdfoM{Y%ZdbsZ
u{ZuyMz]YyzdaYyZdYZ{ZpvZZo

vvkZZ.duaMZbsZoYzyu$FMEA c
oYZ]bY^hyY|]YY{YuZdY{zbYuZdY]Z|
uz.zyupY]YyuoYzvYtZZ.du
Yz]doYaZYvYvZZZ]]YzsaZoZ{
uwZtcYZMZZxo

M`cYz]uyYuyZdsYyuYyyYvoYzX}vDFMEA yu
@vv]ZlYuzoYz$M{Yd`cZ]vMzu]vYsv
zdZ{ZZdYsu{ZMoYzaZ_]>vvZlY
Z]aYvd(QFD)buzyZ]#]Z]bY
%ZdbsZaZY|YZp_vdsZaZY|YyusaZY|Y_v
vZ]zdZzdy[Ztzc#zut
u]vYszdZMoYaZYvYwZtcYbkZ]aZoZZ
yuYZdz{dYz-Zu]`cZ]DFMEA 
%zYaZYZzk$Yz-Zu]u{ZMbYpcbu
vZlY{Yuz]]ZuyyuyvvZYyZz




`c_p
FMEA

QS-SP-022710



vZ]]Zkzs]yu
ZYypc|lcyuvuYuLY|kY]`Y]YyYz-Zu
{YOtu{ZyYzz]pc|lcYz]\czcvv
vZ]FMEA yYvYzbZ]FMEA`cyuvuZdYZYz-Zu


ZvMzoYzayZ#Z]bZ]PFMEA`c

ZtbZ]ayZ#Yu{ZMYzd`Zz]
ukayyuvZtYyaZz]]zvMzp
yuvZZ]YzsdpaZoapZ

DFMEA

 u^

upPFMEAyudz-yYzkcuybZ]M

voYzzZMyZgMZ]Z]Yzs|ZMucy]
bYvuYumzMZv{YYvzYuYyubY

vv]tcFMEAz]]Zuyb]Zy]YyZ
YybY|ZMbpcMvMzYZdz{d_yZZ
viyuvYyu







FMEAyZ


_yZZ
 d z{ d
LY|kY

|]zyZZz-Y$iyuYyXZcyZuZt]bzZ
vpYyZbYvdsZ

bX


vZiyuYyFMEA `cX}vcyZZ

`]vc

vYyuYyuzxzgPcvMzoYz|ZM`ld{YWyusv
vb^g

yusv

YyvZ]zczuv|yZz]ryZc{YbZ]FMEA`cYv

vryZc

QS-SP-022711



vb^gvYyu
uuz-iyudZzcyZ]zsMvcFMEAyZ]YryZc
YyZZlYZZZyZdsYXZZcyZuZuYzYZY
ubzvyYu

{YuiyubYpc|lcbpcY_yZZDFMEAyu
vtyuyZYyoYznuzuZdYyZdsYW
viyu
cZYv]Yyyz]bpcYZuzyZyZdsY]vYdZlMZc
ZM`vyYuuzyZ{Y]Yz-Yvydpsyu
vbY|lay]Yy

FMEAryZc


cLZY


yuuzyZY
yuaZ(DFMEA
PFMEA

bY|ZMbuyucZZvMz{YzdtmzPFMEAyu
Z-zdtZ]Z]viyu%ZdsyZsYy#
uyYyuvtYyyz]bpcaZZvMzu
bY[vZ]%Zd#aZv#ZovMz
ubYvkZvMzay]aZ

ddz{bYzZ]]YzsbZoDFMEA yu
bYZ]]YzsbZou{ZuyMz]YyoYzvZbY
yu]YzszgPcusZdzcZ]nyuZ]]YzsZ
vZ]dzdZn
uzyZdz{ZYz]Z]]YzsaZo`vYyu
Z>doYuyYuZdoY]YzsbYYzvbYyZM
aZyY|-dx-TGWz]yz[szvvYsY
bpcYZ]]YzsaZobYz-wZdZyZ

Z]]YzsbZo

7- Thing Gone Wrong

QS-SP-022712



uZdYZsYzZsuz-ZzZz-hZscZYz

vz.]zyu|vd]ZcYbY
{YvcyZ^]YzsaZo{Ysz]
u{,{

 uyszc
uzb
 uYuzc
v





uZ]|ZZ]{]bZ]Z]]YzsaZoyMuZ
ukdzdYyZay]

bYvMzbYzZ]]YzsbZoPFMEA yu

v{Yozz.uayZ^]u{ZuyMz]YyoYzZvMzvZ
ZvYdZ]]YzsbZobYZsaZMyub]Z
{YZ]]YzsZv]aZyu_Z]]YzsbZo
aZZuYuzPFMEA`cyuZYvZ]^aZ
\oz]YyZscZYz]Z]]YzsbZozvdZuy
YzvbvMzZd dz{`t
vvYsY>ZdoYuyYuZdoY]YzsbY
vZcYX]rZmz]yuZbZ]vMzc}v
vZ]waYX
dYsaZtvMzbYYz#bpc
u{ZuyMz]Yyv
Z_vzzdvaZt{Yz]

uYyZbY|##{Y

v]aZ

{ZM`zdaZZyz]ZZvMzZ]OZ
aZobY{|oYzvZ{YZ-M]bY[s
QS-SP-022713



#vZ]uyYvYc]Yzs
uYuzc

yY|]Yvuz

vs

 oyuuysv

yZbYuzz]]YzsaZozgYZ]]YzsyZgM{Yy
ZkcbYzd$M\oz]Yy]YzsyZgMvyuzd
uyMz]bZ]Zzd`z]]YzsbZozgPcvv]mzv|lc
u
Zv]aZkyZssYubYzdvZ]dYukc
Z]]ZcvZYz]vYduzyZz-YvZ]yusZ_vz
vZ]YyMuyYx.]zgYyayYyz

Z]]YzsyZgM

Zdz{d\oz]bZ]]YzsyZgMDFMEAyu
`]YyvZ]dYuzZt]uZ]bY|ZMbpcZsO
uyYuukm`]gy
dZpuz\oz]bZ]yZgMvzYz]
vZuZ]
u^yYvZ
 uYuYv
dYu\ZzZ
 uzyZ
uZ]vMzuz\oz]vYdyZgMbYv]aZzdz -Y
vZ
v|vZ.du]
 u%Zd
uyY
 u
ub#

z]Z]]YzsbZozgPcu]vkY|{YuyMz]DFMEAyuav
z{Yav`^cyZbYv]dZdz{
bYoYz

av

8- Hierarchical

QS-SP-022714



z]Z]]YzsbZozgPcu]vkY|{YuyMz]avPFMEAyu
%ZdsuzxzgPc]YzsbZo{Yzdz-YbYzd
{YzcYzYutcv{ZbYavuyMz]vZ]yus
mYz}vZ]uyYYyuvZ]bsZvMzX}vc
aybZ]syubsZX}vDFMEA X
u

zgYY|]Zc]ytcZ]av^cybYzwZZ
uuyMz]]Yzs


QS-SP-022715



vk


av]Z{yYYz]uZZyZ

vZ]dYuzZcYv]^cyd]Z{yYyZyz]bZ]cZY

^cy

zgPcavyZ

zgY

yYvv]dvZ]dYuzsZ.duZZycYzYYz]bY
YyduaYyzZuyYx-zgYyusYuzz]]YzsbZo^
v
^yYvZ]dvZ]dYuzsZ.duZZycYzYYz]bY
vYyduaYyyzZuyYx-zgYyusYuzz]]YzsbZo
uZYbYapvyuvuZlYsyuvdsY
bYYyZszdYuzZZYvuzvYtyZyus
u{ZYvk]{bYpvuZlYsyuuZ{dsY
vyZ[ZuzZ]yusuZY{YzdM{Yt]
bYYyZzd
bY{Yzdap{Yt]vuZlYsyuddsY
doYyZduyYv[doYyZYvyZyusuZY{ZYvkv]
v]zlcYy
yZ]u]{bYapvyuvuZlYsyudsY
boYyuvoZczduyYvYy[doYyZYvyZyusuyZ
b
u{ZYvk]{bYpvuZlYsyuW|kdsY
\ZzdzhYuytvvYvvyZyZ]u{Yzdsz]
vkdYy
yubY{Yzdp{Yt]vuZlYsyuW|kdsY
duytvvYvuyZyZ]uZ.dY{YiyZsZYvco
vkdYy\Zzd
yubY{Yzdp{Yt]vuZlYsyuW|kdsY
{YuytvvYvuyZyZ]uZ.dYZyuvco
vkdYy\Zzd
zgPcv]

v]Zzs

yYv

yYvZ]Zzs

uZ{s

uZ{

d



s

W|k

W|ks

zgYv]

QS-SP-022716



$pZsZtv]^Yz]vYddY
ddz{zd]zdYz]YvYzp]
uuZdY

}

ZdsYZ]bZ]vZ]&zdv{ZuyzDFMEA yu
yYz\ZtuZaZYvYdyuuZZdYyud
uYutc{&zddYuDFMEA yuuyzYz]uz.]
vZ]vdz-zyuPFMEA yuY&zdbZ]v
Yz{vv]YoYzX}v]vZZP F M E A yuz-Y
|vyZYMzd..#]vaYvdz]bY
_vvZdYyudiyuavZ^cyYz]uyYx.]zgPc
vZ]yzbY]YzsbZoYu]Yzp]

iyuvYyuYybY]YzsbZoM\Y]Yzs_Z]
vzZdw]]YzsbZozYz]`vYdZlMZcvZ
vbz

Z]
]Yzs|Z

bZ]bbYoYz{YZDFMEAyu]Yzs_Z]
vv]yYz\ZtYy]zoYZcZcvZ]Z{ZlYyu
vZ]uzc]Yzs..#PFMEA yu]Yzs_Z]
vZZbz-YvZ]zdZmY]ZuZ]cy]
bYYybz.uayZ^]uyYu]YzsbZoz]dzgPc
yYx-zgPcz]bv#>ZZ-ZYbYvZFMEA{YbY
Yyb(DOE)Z{MoYzz{YbY{vyYuuk
z]oYZcZcunzc]s]bZ]uZZ

uz-vZMy
iyudYyu^dyuvbz]YzsbzZdoY




QS-SP-022717



v|]tcZc}Z}ZYz]YyZdoYYu

YyZcoYzzcz{Y]Yzsbv#ZzdZxoDFMEAyu
bY^cyZ
bZ]z{uyY^{YcYX\ZtcuyMz]cYz]
uz.]yYzkcuy
bYu]#]ZaZZY{YuZdY]zlc`
uyYu^dZZ]oZaZcZM
bYvvk>ZZM
bYuzzcuz]yZZM
bYu]#paYzc
aZoYz]ZdoYqzuyMz]Yz]v|ZMZM
bYdz-ay]Z
v]YzsbZo{z]\kYyaZdoYMPFMEA yu
dudsYuztcyuYcZ]ZlYyuvz.]zyu
uZdYuyyZu]ZcYz]bZ]z{v]^cy
YzkYyuWZ]YzsuYvcZ^z]]YzsZdoYqzuz.]yYz
uuyMz]vZdoYvMz
]ZZvMz]]zyZMZuYuu]ukayyu
YduyYzZyuuuZdY`^cycYz]M{YbZ]
aZY]Y^dmz{YuZdYZ]zuyMz]{Y

uzuZdY]ZZvMz]]z


QS-SP-022718



vk

]Z{yYYz]uZZyZ
vZ]dYuzZcYv]^cyd]Z{yYyZyz]bZ]c


^cy

Cpk

>















zgPcavyZ

uyyu]Yzs
uyyu]Yzs

zgY

bYzxZ[ZdkY>Z^zc]YzsuZ{s

uyyu]Yzs dx-yuZvMzZ]]ZyzZ]YzsuZ{
uyyu]Yzs
vYdYu]Yzs>Z^Z
uyyu]Yzs ZZ-WZvMzZ]]ZZ.]Z-Z]Yzsd
uyyu]Yzs
v]YzsZYvdYu]Yzs
uyyu]Yzs
uyyu]Yzs Z]^cz`|YZ]Yzs]YzsvYuYvcZ
uyyu]Yzs
]ZZvYz
uyyu]Yzs{Yzd ]ZZvMzZ]]Yzs"bYv]]YzsyuZ
bYvvZ

QS-SP-022719



]YzsyZ]]Yyyu&uZvk


]Yzsy

^cy

c







uZdYvYsZcYyzay]]YzsZ]yZ]ZdoY







>Z^zcvMzb]ZvdYZcY]ZvMzyuyzZ]YzsuZ{ZdoY
<Cpk<Z]bYz]Yz]










ZvdYZcY]ZZvMzyuZ.]Z-Z]YzsZdZdoY
<Cpk<Z]bYz]Yz]>Z^zcvMzb]ZbYyZMzdbpcvMz




bpcvMzZvdYZcY]ZZvMzyuZ]YzsZZdoY
Z]bYz]Yz]>Z^zcvMzb]ZbYyZMzd
<Cpk<







>Z^zcvMzb]ZuyYvuk]ZZvMzyu]YzsyZ]ZdoY
<CpkZ]bYz]Yz]




July 1989qyQ242110yZ]&uyYvZdYyZ
uz-yYzuZdYuyZOcbZ]&tcuZYvkvZkc*
yZkZzd
]YzsbZo{YZYvoyubYWZzd{YozyZkZzd
vZZYyM]YzsbZoayyuZvz.
uz.]yYzkcuybZ]uyYuukvMzoYzzd
{YvcyZ^
MqzZvz.]YzsyZgMbZoZ{YWZzd
vvZYy
aZYvYwZtcY{uYutcYy]YzsbWZzd
vYzYyoY
vZZYy]YzsbZoWZM
uuZdYYZzdy{YuYvd]YbYMjoyYy

QS-SP-022720



`Y`^cyy{YyZ#Zayyuuy{Yu^z-Y
vpvMzpoYzyuYZzd}ZYz]
ucbY
oYzYvYzZcczYzZ]DFMEAyutc`Y`^cy
vMzvZ_vZuZdYuyvMzcyyuPFMEAyuvZ]
ucuZzdZ^z]vZ]

aZ^ZpvvlcoYzvuZkbc#yZkZzdDFMEA yu

{Z^ZcZcczZdclZYz.{Z]aZZ{M
vcZdcaZZ{MoYzZy{ZvvdsZX
Yv~YzcYZZyz]pZsZdcoYz
uuZdY]ZZozYz]vdWZM
uzzxZZs#vMzZzdvYdZzdYPFMEAyu
ZyuvYd]Z{yYvZ](SPC)vMzyZMzdZz$
uz.]ayv]aZZaZ

bYZu_vuZZzdb]Z{YuyMz]tc


(D)tc

]YzsbZotcZoYztcYz]dyu
v|]tcZc}Zz]YytcyYvub

|yZz]oYzZzdzdZ`^cy\Yz]>DFMEA yu
v]Zu^]bZ]yYx-pvcZdZZYz.#v
`b]Z~bYuZdYZcY]YzsvzPFMEA yu
bZoYyYuYZyY{Yz.Yz]YyvMzyZkZzd
bYZ`^cyYv]vuyMz]vZ]\Z]Yzs
Zzdb]Z]bYZtc`^cyvyYuz
v]Z{yY]YzsbZoZdoYZ]v#zayyuYyvMz
vz.vYd]MZdoY{YZc
QS-SP-022721



[yovYd]bYv]sbzZvu{Z]
vZ]dYutc`^cyz]zgPcvYdvZZYy|Y

bYz^dtczdyZMZz-


QS-SP-022722



vk


tc]Z{yYYz]uZZyZ
vZ]dYuzZcYv]^cyd]Z{yYyZyz]bZ]c


^cy

Y{Y^ukZzd`]]YzsbZbZotcZdoYyZ

tc

vz]zdbu][












ZvZZYy]z]YzsbZo]YzsbvYdukzd
uyYvukMYz]oYzzd
ZZYy]z]YzsbZo]YzsbvYdukzdayv]s
v
vZZYy]z]YzsbZo]YzsbvYdukzdayv]

ZZYv

Yy]z]YzsbZo]YzsbvYdukzdsZdoY]
vZZ
ZZYy]z]YzsbZo]YzsbvYdukzdZdoY]
v
Yy]z]YzsbZo]YzsbvYdukzddZdoY]
vZZ
Yy]z]YzsbZo]YzsbvYdukzduZ{>Zd^ZdoY]
vZZ
Yy]z]YzsbZo]YzsbvYdukzduZ{ZdoY]
vZZ
Yy]z]YzsbZo]YzsbvYdukzduZ{sZdoY]
vZZ
ZZYy]z]YzsbZo]YzsbvYdukzd>Z^zc
v

s

ayv]s

ayv]



d

uZ{>Zd^

uZ{

uZ{s

>Z^zc

QS-SP-022723



uyukZzdc\tcZYcY|Z]]Yyyu&tcuZvk
PFMEAyuuz]yZ


\tcZYc

^cy

c

>





uzzdYyMYdZuzdt
pzc{Y^]YzstcvZ]yZ]ZdoY
uyYuuk]zaZ{Y[



















{Y[pzc{Y^]YzstcvuZ{ZdoY
Z]zdZuz]d]YZzdvZuyYuuk]zaZ
\ZZyYuz]
[pzc{Y^]YzstcvdZdoY
duy{Z]Z.vZuyYuuk]zaZ{Y
uZ]YzZbY
{Y[pzc{Y^]YzstcvZdoY
ukvZbYvZ]Z]YzsuyYuuk]zaZ
y{Z]vZvZ]tc]ZZ]Yzs]qYy
ycYzYccZv







uk]zaZZ.yuaZcZcYzd
uyYu
{Yv]aZbYYz]Zs{YvbZZd{Y
uuZdYZMvc

July 1989qyQ242110yZ]&uyYvZdYkz
uz-yYzuZdYuy>ZOcbZ]&tcuZYvkvZkc*










QS-SP-022724



(D)tc(O)(S)av[zZo(RPN)ybY_z
vZ]
RPN = (S) x (O) x (D)
]yRPNvZ]]YzsbZov]bYZ^bZ]uvY
oYaZYvYbZ]cZ]RPNYz]vZ]dYuvYdZc
kcRPN`ld{YyZy]vZwZtcYMZYz]d
ZZbZ]M(S)av`^cyucZobZ]Zs
bYvuZ&Yzp]RPNuvbYzw

bY_z
y


bYoYzy{YlybY_zDFMEAyu
oYaZYvYRPN yZ^z]]YzsaZov]bY{Yv]
bvuYzp]bYyuuyYYvd]YbZ]z.
av`zZ`^cyZbZ]uZYvYz

aZYvY
uZ

YbYvcZsbYz]YvY"z-YvZ]tc
vtdYyuuyYviyuZ]Yyc

Z\koYzyYx-pvcaZYvYY|YDFMEA yu
bv#ZzdZxo`]Yy`^cyutc`^cy
z.{Z]Z]|av`^cyuYuZYdoYzz.{Z]Z]]YzsbZo
bYzoYz
uvpZY]vZ]z{#uyYZvYduZaZYvY
u
z]]ZdzgPcZ]Zv#d&]aZZ{MoYz
vyYuyoz.v
bc`Zz]z.{Z]
oYzz.{Z]
uYaZtz.{Z]

QS-SP-022725



uZoYYvYbYvyu>Zz-YPFMEA yu

uc(DOE)aZZ{MoYz{Yv]vYd
ZkzsvYdvZZ_Z]]YzsbZozgYuyY`yu
Yz]doYaZYvYvZ]dYu%ZdbsZ zYz]
tbZ]zdZxoz{Y]YzsbZo{Yz.
ZZ]b^htoYaZYvYwZtcY]{Z{Y#zu
d-W.]z.uZdZyuaZZ{YuZdY
oYaZYvYwZtcYv]{yYvc[sFMEA Y
bY^czZt]`bXbYuvYsb^hzgR
vyYx.]YzkY]YyuZoYaZYvY
vZ]zvbZ]z{^{YcZYvY
bY{oYzvMzzvvlcZdoYZYz]
YzvYdyZMZy{YuZdYZ]vMzYz-`Z
uYzkYzdu^]Yz]aZ{Y\ZaZYys{Z]Z]
uYuZYyav`^cyYdvMzoYzzvvlcZ]Zc
Y|YoYzvMzzvvlctcZdoYY|YYz]
yuu]|ztcZzdY|YYbY
oYYvYy{Z][ZcY|YbYzgPc]bu^]
bZ]avZciY]bZY
poYzyuzcuyY{YOyZyuuuZdY
zddzcZ]u{tcZYcY|YYz]bY
YkcvPcZYuYuY|YYytcZdoYYd

u[{Yz.bZ]

 9- Design of Experiments

QS-SP-022726



uiyucryZcoYaZYvYXtZ{ZZ

Yz]bX
uZaZYvY


iyuYyvYzgRryZcYvY{YzdtmzuZaZYvY{Yv]
v

ay aZYvY

RPN bYvwZtcYYvY"z-Yvb^g^ZpYyZoRPN
z-Yuzz.{Z]YyvjdZRPN`vyYx.]ZsYyvjd
uuz-cvyYzcYyZcoYzbY{zd]aZYvY
bZayyudRPN Zz]YyMjZdaZYvYz{Y^
YyYZ^cy~vyMyuYzkYoz]YyaZYvYRPNZ
v]^}voZk]uzt
ZYvY`bZYzkY{YZY\oYzX}v
[Zc{Z]yYbZ]bYv{vdFMEA uyYuYyvuZ
ZcY^Yvc{Yv]WZMdoaZYvYzsMoYzzsMn
vZ]vdY

RPN`ld

dz

z.

YzkY{YZY\Yz]zv#oYzX}vDFMEA yu
#cZYvYuyYuuZaZYvY
oYzaZY|YaYyZdYdsZuyMz]{YZY\
oYzaZtZz.{Z]
bsZ%ZdyYvyuaYzcaZoYvpvPc
zdZZz]PFMEA z.{Z]



QS-SP-022727