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11.6 M10 BasicDrawingProduction
11.6 M10 BasicDrawingProduction
Design (PDMS)
Version 11.6
Module 10
Basic Drawing
Production
Training Manual
VANTAGE
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Contents
Session 1................................................................. 1-1
Introduction to Draft..................................................................................... 1-1
Objectives .................................................................................................. 1-1
Must Know Points ...................................................................................... 1-1
The strengths and structure of PDMS ........................................................ 1-2
The structure and functions of Draft ........................................................... 1-2
General functions ....................................................................................... 1-3
Hierarchy.................................................................................................... 1-3
Labelling..................................................................................................... 1-3
Dimensioning ............................................................................................. 1-4
2D drafting ................................................................................................. 1-4
Automatic drawing production application.................................................. 1-4
AutoDRAFT application.............................................................................. 1-5
Administration ............................................................................................ 1-5
Contents-i
Contents-ii
Contents-iii
Contents-iv
Session
Introduction to Draft
Objectives
At the end of this session, you will able to:
1-1
Introduction to Draft
1-2
Introduction to Draft
General functions
The Draft Graphical User Interface has been designed to allow you to generate and
retrieve industry-standard engineering drawings quickly and efficiently.
You can then add dimensioning and other annotations. You do not need to make any
calculations or input any data, as all annotation information comes directly from the
design model.
Drawing Creation
You select the particular part of the design model and the direction and scale to use.
The design model can be viewed from any angle at any scale, including isometric
views, with perspective if required. The appearance of the 3D graphics is controlled
from representation rules that are pre-defined by the project administrator. This
allows different types of design items to have different line styles applied to them.
You can select the required representation during view creation.
Various levels of wireline and hidden-line removal can be used. Sectional views can
be generated by the creation of flat or stepped section planes, and there are no
restrictions on the number of planes created or the selection of items that can be
sectioned. The scale of the 3D graphics can be selected from a set of Metric,
Architectural and Engineering values, with the option of an automatic scale selection
to use the largest scale possible for the given design data and drawing sheet size.
Hierarchy
Facilities are available for specifying details of the hierarchy within the Draft
database for the location of the drawings and their sheets.
Labelling
Labels can be attached to any design element and used to display any attribute of
the element. You can control the format, content and appearance of the labels, with
suitable project defaults defined by the administrator. Direct reference to the design
data, combined with a simple update annotation operation, means that the
annotation always reflects the current state of the design model. The position and
orientation of the labels can be modified graphically, to ensure a clear drawing
layout.
Automatic labelling (Autotagging)
Labels can be automatically generated for a set of design items that match a tagging
rule.
The rule sets determine the type of label and which design items the labels will be
applied to. For example, you could label all nozzles that have a bore of >100mm and
1-3
Introduction to Draft
<300mm with a pressure rating of #150. After the labels have been created, they can
be automatically updated to reflect any changes to the design model.
When the labels have been created, you can adjust their positions graphically.
Dimensioning
There are three generic dimension types available in Draft, namely, Linear, Angular
and Radial. These allow intelligent dimensions to be created to dimensioning
standards.
Dimensions are calculated directly from the design model. You can control the
format, content and appearance of the dimensions. The administrator can define
suitable project defaults.
As with labelling, direct reference to the design data means that the annotation
always reflects the current state of the design model, with a simple update
annotation operation.
The position and orientation of dimensions can be adjusted graphically.
2D drafting
Draft's intelligent 2D drafting allows you to generate additional 2D annotation on the
drawing sheet. Operations such as grouping, multiple copying, rubber banding,
nested symbols, symbol libraries, and full element editing functions are available.
Like other Draft data, all 2D annotation can be linked to the design data and so can
easily be updated to follow the changes that occur in the design model.
1-4
Introduction to Draft
AutoDRAFT application
This application is the Draft two-way interface to AutoCAD. (It is not included in the
tutorial exercise in this manual.)
It is possible to transfer a Draft drawing directly across to AutoCAD, where some
users prefer to perform final annotation before drawing issue. The transferred
drawing maintains the exact style and representation as set from Draft.
The user can develop symbol libraries and drawing frames in AutoCAD and import
these directly for use in Draft prior to returning the drawing from AutoCAD into Draft.
Administration
This Guide only deals with the Draft User Applications. If you have administration
rights within Draft, you will be able to use the Administration applications. For more
information see the VANTAGE PDMS Draft Administrator Application User Guide. A
brief summary of the Administration facilities follows.
The Draft administrator uses the administration application to customise Draft, by
setting default attributes and creating libraries of drawing frames, symbols and
labels. The Administrator can set default representation rules, labelling rules, naming
conventions, line styles and hatching patterns. Template drawings, which contain
predefined drawing data, can be set up, thus reducing drawing creation time.
Symbology
The Draft administrator can generate suites of symbols to be used in both 2D
annotation and as part of a symbolic label definition. The symbols are built up from
standard 2D annotation elements and can be created by grouping the existing 2D
annotations. The library approach to symbol definition maximises drawing
consistency, whilst minimising the required storage space for the symbol itself.
1-5
Introduction to Draft
1-6
Session
Getting Started
Objectives
At the end of this session, you will able to:
Use the mouse and elements of the windows, menus and forms from the
PDMS graphical user interface.
Log in to PDMS.
2-1
Getting Started
Basic information
This section is intended for readers who are unfamiliar with computer practices. It
provides information on the use of the mouse and describes the elements that
regularly appear in the windows of the graphical user interface.
Using menus
Menu options in pull-down or shortcut menus (the menu revealed by pressing and
holding down the right-hand mouse button) can be in any of three formats:
Standalone options initiate an action immediately.
Options followed by three dots display a form requiring further
input from the user in order to complete the action.
Options followed by a pointer, display a subsidiary menu that
offers a further range of options.
Throughout this guide, related selections from menus are abbreviated using the >
symbol as a separator. For example:
Select Utilities>Reports>Create means:
a)
b)
2-2
Getting Started
c)
Move the pointer to the right and select Create from the resultant submenu.
Using forms
Forms are used both to display information and to let you enter new data. Forms
typically comprise an arrangement of buttons of various types, text-boxes, and
scrollable lists. Input to a form is usually by use of the mouse and keyboard.
While you have access to a form, you can change a setting, return to the initial
values, accept and act on the current data, or cancel the form without applying any
changes, according to the nature of the form.
Forms can include any of the following elements, the uses of which are described in
the following sections:
text boxes
drop-down lists
option buttons
check boxes
scrollable lists
action buttons.
2-3
Getting Started
To change the setting, click on the down arrow or button face to reveal the full list of
available options. Then pick the required option.
When the arrow has a bar under it, clicking on the button leads to another form, at
which the required option can be selected from a scrollable list.
2-4
Getting Started
2-5
Getting Started
Exercise 1 - Logging in
Your trainer will have provided for you a PDMS Icon.
2-6
Getting Started
Make sure that you leave the Read Only box unchecked, so that you can modify the
database as you work.
You must specify which files (Load from) to load at startup. The options are the
application default settings (Macro Files) or a customised setup saved during an
earlier session (Load from Binary Files). During this training we will always select
Macro Files as we learn by repeatedly doing the same thing.
The login form will be similar to the one above.
Click on the OK button.
2-7
Getting Started
2-8
Session
3-1
You can reposition or minimise these forms at any time by using the standard
Windows management controls.
Note that all the forms in the Draft Main Display (except the Drawing Window) can
be set to the standard Windows Dockable, Hide, Floating or Auto Hide display
modes by selecting from the shortcut menu in the title bar of the form. See the
PDMS online help for more details.
The features of the main window, as illustrated above, are summarised here. The
tutorial exercise explains when relevant elements are selected to achieve particular
objectives. For a detailed description of all elements, reference should be made to
the online help.
3-2
Title Bar
This shows that the current PDMS module is Draft, and the application name, which
in this case is General. The Main Display is maximised and therefore [Main Display]
appears in the title bar.
The Toolbars
The toolbars provide shortcuts to various Draft functions. The toolbars will be
introduced and described as the training progresses. Each toolbar is also described
in the Draft online help. A menu showing the available toolbars can be displayed by
positioning the pointer over a toolbar and clicking the mouse right-hand button. The
menu enables you to display or hide a selected toolbar, the menu is displayed using
the RH Mouse Button on the Main Menu Bar.
You can reposition and resize the toolbars as required using standard Windows
manipulation methods, and detailed toolbar manipulation information can be found in
the online help for any Microsoft Office product. In summary:
To move a toolbar, rest the pointer over the vertical dotted line at the left-hand edge
of the toolbar, press and hold down the left-hand mouse button and move the toolbar
as desired:
3-3
If you resize the main Draft window to make it smaller, you will find that the toolbars
will also reduce in size and a Toolbar Options symbol will appear at the right-hand
end of the toolbar:
Left-clicking anywhere on the Toolbar Options symbol will bring up a graphical menu
enabling you to select the missing icons from the toolbar. For example:
If the prompt lets you repeat a task an unspecified number of times, such as picking
a selection of items using the pointer, you must press the Escape key when you
have finished indicating that you are ready to move to the next operation.
Drawing Window
The above illustration shows the Main Display window in restored size. Drawings
produced by Draft are displayed in this window. It has a pop-up menu, activated by
the mouse right-hand button.
3-4
3-5
If a form has its own menu bar, select Control>Close from that menu.
Close any Help windows, which are displayed by double clicking in the control
box in the top left-hand corner of each window.
Do not close the Main Display window, because you will use it in the next part of the
exercise.
3-6
The Draft database is a tree structure, which for reference purposes is illustrated in
Appendix C. The above hierarchy shows the part of the tree that is relevant to
displaying drawings and sheets.
The World is the top element. The next level down in the structure is a Department.
The World can own several Departments, which are known as its Members, and the
World is known as the Owner of the Departments.
Departments can own Registries, which can own Drawings, which can own Sheets.
Later we will discuss the members of Sheets, but knowledge the above hierarchy is
sufficient for the purpose of displaying a sheet.
3-7
You can view the elements of the hierarchy in the Draft Explorer, but you cannot
display them graphically. For more details of these elements, see the VANTAGE
PDMS Draft User Guide, Part 1.
Clicking the + sign shows the elements under the World which, in the Sample
project, as supplied, looks like this:
When you look at the Draft Explorer you will see that the first (top) element is the
WORL (world) element. The World is shown in the Draft Explorer as * and cannot be
either created or deleted. The World signifies owns all members displayed below it.
Note the Filter tool. This enables the list of items to be filtered according to whether
the user is a General User or an Administrator. The Administrator will be able to
see more than a general user, but display of the DEPT (Department) and REGI
(Registry) administrative elements will be skipped, only the contents of (Drawings or
Libraries) of these elements will be displayed.
Select the Filter check box, then select General User or Administrator from the
adjacent list to see the effects of using this tool.
There are two Departments supplied with the product:
3-8
PDMS has a serialisation feature, which means it will remember the state of the
Main Display when you leave Draft and re-enter it, so you dont have to remember
how the display looked and recreate it.
The Name of the sheet will be displayed in the Working Sheet toolbar list next to the
button (you may need to resize the toolbar to see this) and the currently selected
Layer will appear in the Layers toolbar. The sheet will be displayed in the Drawing
Display.
A large selection of Layers (selectable from the Layers toolbar list or the Draft
Explorer) exist below the Sheet (below View level), ready for when you come to
create Dimensions, Labels or 2D primitive annotation. (This will be described later in
the training)
3-9
The Sheet displayed is a Draft backing Sheet containing one empty view:
3-10
(The highlighted element shows that a View Note has been selected.)
Similarly, if a Design element is clicked, the Design Explorer display will change:
(showing that a Cylinder primitive within Equipment /D1201 has been selected.)
3-11
Middle button
The middle button allows you to increase and decrease the scale of the displayed
view, as follows:
Windowing in. Position the pointer at one corner of the imaginary rectangle
enclosing the part of the sheet that you want to fill the Drawing display. Hold
down the middle button and move the pointer to the diagonally opposite
corner of the rectangle. A 'rubber band' rectangle, enclosing the area, will be
displayed. When you release the mouse button, the chosen area will fill the
display area.
Zooming in. Position the pointer at the point you want to become the centre of
the view. Hold down the (shift) key and repeatedly click the middle button, as
required. After each click, the display zooms in by a factor of 1.5, centred on
the current pointer position.
Zooming out. Position the pointer at the point you want to become the centre
of view. Repeatedly click the middle button, as required. After each click, the
display zooms out by a factor of 1.5, centred on the current pointer position.
Right-hand button
Clicking the right-hand button, when the pointer is in the main display,
activates a shortcut menu. At this stage, the only option that you should use is
Reset Limits. The effect of this is to zoom out until the full extent of the Sheet
is displayed.
3-12
Holding down the Ctrl key while zooming in or zooming out using the middle
mouse button, doubles the zoom factor.
The numeric keypad odd-numbered keys can be used for zooming (see the
diagram below).
Panning
Panning (moving the displayed area across the overall drawing) can be achieved by
the following methods, once you have zoomed in.
Use the mouse pointer to drag the Drawing display slider controls.
Use the up/down, left/right arrow keyboard (see diagram below). As required,
hold down the Ctrl key to increase the step size by a factor of 10. Or, as
required, hold down the (shift) key to decrease the step size by a factor of
10.
9
In
In
1
Out
3
Out
3-13
button. This is on
When you are ready to continue, close any forms that you have been experimenting
with.
Close any Help windows that are displayed, by clicking in the control box in the top
left-hand corner of each window.
Hide the Grid using the Grid Icon
Do not close the Main Display window, because you will use it in the next parts of
the exercise.
3-14
Session
4-1
This Chapter describes how to create a drawing sheet belonging to a new branch of
the Draft hierarchy.
There is a method of creating a Drawing Sheet from a standard template with a
single click. That is described at the end of this Session, but first we will describe the
full way of creating a Drawing so as to familiarise you with part of the Draft
database hierarchy and some Draft concepts.
An administrative element can be created only at one level lower than an existing
element, which will then own it. Consequently, as we are going to create a drawing in
a new branch of the hierarchy, we must create the upper elements of that branch,
firstly a Department and then a Registry, before we create the Drawing and its
Sheet.
Creating a Department
Departments can be created only under the World level. From the bar menu at the
top of the screen, Create>Department
(It doesnt matter where you are in the database hierarchy, Draft will automatically
create the Department at the correct level.) The Create DEPT form is displayed,
which you can use to name your DEPT. A default name, DEPT1, is shown in the
Name text box.
You would normally change the name of the Department to something meaningful,
but in the following form examples it is left at its default. If you want to change the
name, move the pointer into the text box and click the left mouse button. Type the
name, making sure that you do not use spaces.
4-2
When you click OK on the Create DEPT form, the Department Information form is
displayed.
The Department Information form shows the name of the DEPT and gives you the
opportunity to automatically create a Registry and/or to set up attributes of the
Department.
To view the range of available attributes, click on the Attributes button. The
Department Attributes form is then displayed.
4-3
The attributes set at this form are default properties of the Sheets that will eventually
be created in the branch below the Department. The attributes are cascaded down
through the Registries and Drawings, but they can be changed at any level. The
Draft Administrator would normally se the default attributes, and so just click on the
Dismiss button to close the form.
Ensure that the Create Registry checkbox on the Department Information form is
selected, as it is when the form is first displayed, when the OK button is selected the
Create REGI form will be displayed.
Creating a Registry
The Create REGI form should be displayed at the end of the previous step.
However, if the Create Registry checkbox on the Department Information form was
off, the Create REGI form does not automatically appear. In these circumstances, it
can be displayed by use of the Create>Registry option on the bar menu.
As for the equivalent form for a Department, this form allows you to change the
default name. The default name as REGI1. When OK is selected the Registry
Information form will be displayed.
4-4
The Registry Information form shows the name of the Registry and DEPT and
gives you the opportunity to automatically create a drawing and/or to set up
attributes of the Registry.
The Create Drawing checkbox enables you to select whether or not a drawing is
automatically created. If the checkbox is selected, then the method of drawing
creation will depend on whether you select the Explicitly or From Template option
button. The difference is explained later.
The Attributes button displays the Registry Attributes form. This form is not
illustrated here, as the attributes are as shown on the Department Attributes form
we will use the default attributes.
If the Create Drawing checkbox and the From Template option button are
selected. The Create DRWG form is then displayed.
Again the drawing Name could be changed the default DR1, when OK is selected
the Drawing and Sheet Templates form is displayed:
4-5
4-6
We have now created the administrative elements that define the Drawing Sheet. In
the next Session we will specify which engineering items are to appear on the Sheet.
To do this, we modify the View created by the template.
There is a quick way to create a Drawing Sheet. Simply click on the Create New
From Default Template button on the toolbar of the same name:
A Drawing Sheet (looking just like the one we have just created) will appear in the
Drawing View. Note that there has been no need to name the Sheet; it is named
automatically (as /DR1/S1 if it is the first such Sheet to be created) and the hierarchy
above and below it is created automatically. (You can select drawing templates other
than the default; see the Draft online help for details.)
4-7
Explicitly
If you create a drawing explicitly, you will have to use the Create options on the main
bar menu to create all of its member elements, such as Sheets and their Views.
Create > Drawing > Explicitly
The Drawing Definition for is displayed, the Drawing Title, Date and Drawn By should
be entered:
You must remember to Select Apply before you Dismiss the form.
As you are creating the Drawing Explicitly you must not create at least one sheet.
Create > Sheet > Explicitly
4-8
You should specify the Sheets Title and select the Sheet Size and Backing Sheet
requirement.
4-9
Note the Library (LIBY element), owned by the Drawing, that has been created
automatically. Click on the LIBY and note the Drawlist Library (DLLB element) and
Tagrule Library (TRLB element) that have also been created. Click on the DLLB and
note that a default Drawlist (IDLI element) has been created.
4-10
Navigate to the DRWG and select Create>Sheet>Explicitly from the main menu
to display the Create SHEE form, noting the default name that is given.
Modify the Sheet name to /DRG_1/SHT_1 and click OK to create the Sheet.
On the Sheet Definition form give the Sheet a title of STABILISER EQUIPMENT,
make sure that the Sheet size is A0, click the Reference radio button and select
/DRA/MAS/BACKS/MET/A0 from the pull-down list.
Click the Apply button and dismiss the form. Note that you now have a Sheet
outline and backing sheet in your graphics area.
Create a new Sheet owned by the same Drawing with a different Sheet size.
Create new Drawings and Sheets including the use of Templates from both Drawing
and Sheet level. Note the differences in creating from Templates and Explicitly.
4-11
Session
View Creation
Objectives
At the end of this session, you will able to:
5-1
View Creation
Views
Note: PDMS 11.6 introduces a new method of populating drawing sheets using the
3D View of the design model within Draft. This will be explained later. This chapter
continues by describing the traditional method of defining and populating a View.
This method is still valid, and the tutorial steps that follow are useful in introducing
the fundamental concepts of View creation and population.
VIEW elements are set-up to show a projection of elements from the Design
database. Dimensions, annotation and 2D elements can then be added to the view
to complete the drawing.
A VIEW element has attributes which:
Define the size, position and orientation of the region on the Sheet that the
VIEW occupies
Define the viewing parameters e.g. view type, style, viewing direction, scale,
etc.
Refer to a Drawlist that contains a list of the Design (or Catalogue) elements
which make up the View picture.
You must be at Sheet level or below before you can create a VIEW. The menu offers
options for creating Limits-Defined, UserDefined and Detail views.
Limits-Defined View
Limits-Defined Views are used to draw the contents of a specified volume of the
model. The limits are defined in project co-ordinates, and are represented by the size
of the View frame at the selected scale. The View frame can include matchlines with
text showing the coordinates of the View limits.
User-Defined View
User-Defined Views are used to draw individual items or groups of items in the
design model, when the volume or limits of the items are not known. The size of the
frame is independent of its contents. The scale can be automatically set to fit the
design elements into the available view frame area.
This Session covers the creation and modification of User Defined views only. See
Module 20 Advanced Drawing production for details of Limits-Defined and Detail
views.
5-2
View Creation
A Drawlist controls the Design elements displayed within a view. The creation,
modification and control of Drawlists are explained later in this session.
If you create a Drawing or Sheet from a template, one or more views will usually be
created when the template is copied if the Draft Administrator has included them
during creation of the template.
The following session describe the creation of views on Explicitly created Sheets,
where no views have been included in the template or where additional views are
required.
The User Defined View form menu allows you to manipulate the view frame, the
position of the Design elements within the view and the contents of the Drawlist that
contains the Design elements displayed in the view.
5-3
View Creation
Size By Ratio text boxes can be used to define the extent of the view frame in X,Y
Sheet proportions.
For example, From XR 0.25 To XR 0.75 would give a view frame centred in the
Sheet in the X direction and occupying 50% of the Sheet width. Setting the XR or YR
values will cause the Width or Height values to change automatically. Conversely,
setting the Width and/or Height values will cause the XR/YR values to change
automatically giving a view frame centred on the Sheet in the appropriate direction.
Size By Coordinates is similar in its operation except that sizes are expressed in
millimetres. Co-ordinate 0,0 is at the bottom left hand corner of the Sheet.
5-4
View Creation
Copy Size This option has a sub-menu that allows you to copy the Width, Height or
Width and Height of another view on the Sheet:
Width will ask you to identify (with the cursor) a view whose width you wish to copy.
The width of the current view will then change to be the same as that of the identified
view.
Height will ask you to identify (with the cursor) a view whose height you wish to
copy. The height of the current view will then change to be the same as that of the
identified view.
Width & Height will ask you to identify (with the cursor) a view whose width and
height you wish to copy. The width and height of the current view will then change to
be the same as that of the identified view.
Position This option has a sub-menu that allows you to position the frame in
different ways:
Cursor enables you to use the cursor to move the view frame by first nominating a
point in the view, i.e. Centre, Top Left, Top Right, etc.,from the sub-menu. The
nominated point will move to the cursor position when the lefthand mouse button is
clicked.
Explicit enables you to move the view frame by defining its Sheet position in terms
of Sheet co-ordinates or proportions.
Position By Ratio text boxes can be used to position the centre of the view in X,Y
Sheet proportions. For example, XR 0.5, YR 0.5 will put the centre of the view at the
centre of the Sheet.
Position By Co-ordinates is similar in its operation except the position is expressed
in millimetres. Co-ordinate 0,0 is at the bottom left hand corner of the Sheet.
5-5
View Creation
Align This option has a sub-menu that allows you to align a specified axis or edge of
the current view with the same axis or edge of another selected view on the Sheet.
Centre Vert will ask you to identify (with the cursor) a view whose centre you wish
the current views centre to align with vertically. The position of the current view will
then change to align the view centres vertically.
Centre Horiz will ask you to identify (with the cursor) a view whose centre you wish
the current views centre to align with horizontally. The position of the current view
will then change to align the view centres horizontally.
Top will ask you to identify (with the cursor) a view whose top edge you wish the
current views top edge to align with. The position of the current view will then
change to align the views top edges.
Bottom will ask you to identify (with the cursor) a view whose bottom edge you wish
the current views bottom edge to align with. The position of the current view will then
change to align the views bottom edges.
Left will ask you to identify (with the cursor) a view whose left edge you wish the
current views left edge to align with. The position of the current view will then
change to align the views left edges.
Right will ask you to identify (with the cursor) a view whose right edge you wish the
current views right edge to align with. The position of the current view will then
change to align the views right edges.
5-6
View Creation
Sets the position of the centre of the VIEW contents, relative to the centre of the
VIEW.
5-7
View Creation
The Drawlist Library scrollable list gives a list of the available Drawlist Libraries.
5-8
View Creation
The Drawlists window is a scrollable list of all the Drawlists available within the
selected Drawlist Library. In the example above only the default drawlist, created
automatically during Drawing creation is shown.
The Reference List Members window displays:
If Design Members is selected from the scrollable list, the available Design
elements in the Design database, governed by the MDB you are using, will be
displayed.
If Drawlists is selected from the scrollable list, the available Drawlists will be
displayed.
If Lists / Collections have been previously defined then they will be available for
selection. If no List/Collection has been defined, or you wish to create a new one,
clicking the Lists button will display the List/Collection form. Having defined a new
List/Collection, clicking the Update button will display all defined Lists/Collections in
the scrollable list for selection.
The Drawlist Members window displays the Design elements or Drawlists that have
been selected to be members of the current Drawlist. In the example above, no
members have been selected yet.
Items are added to the Drawlist by selecting them from the Reference Members
List, or a List / Collection name from the scrollable list, and clicking the Add button.
This creates an Add Element (ADDE) element in the Drawlist Members window.
Specific items may also be removed from the Drawlist by selecting them in the
Reference Members List, or a List/Collection name from the scrollable list, and
clicking the Remove button. This creates a Remove Element (REME) element in
the Drawlist Members window.
For example, all equipment except /1301 may be required to be displayed in the
view. Rather than adding each piece of equipment separately, the zone
/EQUIPMENT may be added and the specific piece of equipment /1301
subsequently removed from the Drawlist.
5-9
View Creation
The Navigation form menu offers an alternative method of navigation. The options
are the same as those available from the Navigation pulldown menu of the
Members list. Note: If the Members list is displayed, it will be removed while the
Draw List Management form is displayed.
The buttons to the right of the Drawlists window control the creation and deletion of
Drawlists:
Create creates a new, empty Drawlist.
Create Copy creates a copy of a Drawlist selected from the available Drawlist
Libraries .
Delete deletes the currently selected Drawlist.
Clean-Up removes any Drawlist Members will Null or BAD references.
The Delete Entry and Delete All buttons at the bottom right of the form delete the
current highlighted entry from the Drawlist or all Drawlist members respectively.
The Volume Defined and Limits buttons at the bottom right of the form enables the
addition of all elements that are positioned wholly within a defined volume. Clicking
the Limits button will display the Drawlist Limits form:
5-10
View Creation
The limits are set by entering appropriate co-ordinates for opposing corners of the
limits volume. After setting the limits clicking the Volume Define button adds all
elements wholly within the entered co-ordinates. If required, the Remove or Delete
Entry buttons may be used to amend the Drawlist.
Selecting Graphics>Drawlist Ref from the form menu displays the Drawlist
Reference form:
This form enables you to point (reference) the current view to a Drawlist so that the
Drawlist Members are displayed in the view. It should be noted that a view may only
reference one Drawlist.
The Options scrollable list allows the owning Sheets or the owning Drawings
Drawlist to be used. The VIEWs current Drawlist may be used, or the Drawlist
reference may be unset.
The Drawlist Library scrollable list allows you to choose from a list of Drawlist
Libraries, as set up by your Draft Administrator. The Drawing selection, as shown
above, refers to the Drawlist Library created automatically when the views owning
Drawing was created.
The Drawlist Contents window displays the contents of the selected Drawlist when
the Display button is clicked. This allows you to check the contents of the Drawlist
you have selected.
The Modify button displays the Drawlist Management form enabling you to modify
or create a new Drawlist as described previously.
5-11
View Creation
5-12
View Creation
Universal Hidden causes intersection lines between significant elements (e.g. EQUI
and STRU, SUBS and BRAN) to be generated. This option is the slowest to
generate the view graphics.
Section Mode has two options:
Standard This option sections all Design elements where appropriate.
Omit Fractional Pipe Components This option removes any partial pipe
components from the display that result from a section being applied.
Style This scrollable list gives the available Representation Rulesets (RRST)
elements that are used to control the display representation of the different types of
the Design elements within the view. Representation Rulesets are created by the
Draft Administrator.
Hatching Rules This scrollable list gives the available Hatching Rulessets that are
used to control the hatching of different types of Design elements that may be cut
when a section is applied. Hatching Rulesets are created by the Draft Administrator.
Change Rules This scrollable list gives the available Change Rulessets that are
used to control the appearance of changed Design elements and annotation on
subsequent updates of the drawing. The use of Change Rulesets is covered in M20
Advanced Drawing Production.
Direction The required view direction may be selected from the pull-down list of predefined directions, which include the four standard Isometric views. Alternatively, a
view direction, e.g. N 45 E, may be typed into the text box. The Derived button will
prompt you to identify a design element in the Graphics area for setting the view
direction.
Auto Scale This sets the view scale such that all of the design elements in the
Drawlist will fit just within the view frame. The actual scale will be displayed in the
Scale text box. The Auto Scale operation also sets the through point to the Site
coordinates corresponding to the centre of interest of the view.
Nearest It is unlikely that Auto Scale will produce a standard scale for the view.
Clicking the Nearest button will select the nearest available standard scale, as
defined by the Draft Administrator, and set it. The standard scales can also be
selected from the scrollable list next to the Nearest button.
5-13
View Creation
Although the principal view attributes are set from the main body of the UserDefined View form, additional attributes may be accessed by clicking the Attributes
button to display the User-Defined View Attributes form:
Graphics Angle controls the angle of the design graphics within the view. A positive
angle gives an anti-clockwise rotation. The view direction remains the same.
View Orientation controls the orientation of the view and its contents. The
selectable directions correspond to the direction of the top of the view region
relative to the top of the screen, e.g. selection of Right will cause the view and its
contents to be rotated through 270 degrees.
Arc Tolerance controls the difference between the true and the facetted
representation of curves of the graphical output for the view, being set in units of
hundredths of a millimetre on the drawing. (default value 15.) The actual value used
by DRAFT depends on the scale of the VIEW. The lowest value that it may be
changed to is 1. Although lower values will give a better representation, the time
required to display the graphics is increased.
Perspective A value of 0 gives a parallel view. The value is related to the view
angle.
Gapping controls the gap (in mm) inserted in view lines crossed by other lines such
as centrelines, Plines, etc.
Note line Pen options control the appearance of the view frame (assuming it is
visible). The value set will also be cascaded down to any Layers subsequently
created as members of the view. The Note line Pen may be one of the standard
pens or a user-defined pen set-up by the Draft Administrator.
5-14
View Creation
The central area of the View Configuration form shows diagrams of view layouts on
the Sheet. Clicking the radio button next to desired configuration selects that layout.
Having selected the desired configuration, the appropriate view directions lists will be
populated with the default view directions for that layout. If you wish to change the
given view direction, select the new direction using the pull-down list.
The value in the View Spacing text box is the distance (in mm) between each view
frame and may be changed as required.
Having clicked on OK, the required number of views will be created in the active
area of the sheet. The Title of each view will be set to correspond to its view
direction.
5-15
View Creation
Style to /DRA/PRJ/REPR/GEN/BASIC
On the User-Defined View form, for each view, click the Auto Scale button
followed by the Apply make sure that the Update Design Radio button is set. The
views should now display the STABILISER equipment in all four views.
5-16
View Creation
Revisit all views and select a suitable standard scale that will suit the 3 orthogonal
views
Select Modify>Drawlist... from the main menu to display the Drawlist Management
form and amend the default Drawlist by removing the equipment C1101 (i.e. C1101
is
a
REME
element).
Update
the
view
graphics
by
selecting
Graphics>Update>Design from the main menu. Note that C1101 has now been
removed from all four views.
Create four new Drawlists, i.e. one for each view, with different elements of the
STABILISER model in each Drawlist. Modify the Drawlist Ref for each view to
point to a different Drawlist and Update Design for each view.
Using the Sheet /DRG_1/SHT_1 that you created in Exercise 1, create a single
User-Defined view with a viewing direction of Down. Add all of the STABILISER
equipment to a Drawlist and set the Drawlist Ref to it. You will use this Sheet in
subsequent exercises.
5-17
Session
6-1
The 3D View Window in Draft allows you to assemble and manipulate Design
elements to populate drawing Sheets. This allows you to examine the content of the
drawings in 3D view, before finalising the view content as a 2D drawing.
The main Draft display shows the
Drawing Sheet /DRG_1/SHT_1 which we
created in the previous exercise, it was
displayed using Open Sheet from the
shortcut menu on the sheet selection
(RH Mouse Button On Draft Explorer).
The 3D View window appears, displaying the item you selected. For example:
Note: The View positions have been re-arranged from the Draft Default.
6-2
The View Content list shows the elements which have been added to the 2D and
3D Views in Draft. To remove an item from the 3D View, select it in the list and select
Remove Selected from the shortcut menu.
6-3
The Update controls update the 2D View with any changes that are made to the
Design database (which will be shown in the 3D View).
The Update the 2D View Content when adding from the Design Explorer check
box. When selected, any element added or removed from the 3D View from Design
Explorer is automatically amended in the 2D View Content List. This is displayed in
the 3D View by the appropriate representation colour.
If this option is not selected, any addition or removal of an element affects the 3D
View only, and the 2D IdList is unchanged. In this case added items are shown in
grey.
Therefore, the colour of items displayed in the 3D View indicates their status; grey
items are in the 3D View only and not in the IdList (and therefore will not be
recognised by an Update Design), whereas coloured items are in both the 3D View
and the IdList.
Update 3D View from 2D View: This displays the contents of the 2D View in
the 3D View.
Pick 2D View to associate to the 3D View: This allows the current 3D View
contents to be associated with a different 2D View. When using this tool you
are asked to identify a 2D View to associate with the current 3D View
contents. This functionality is particularly useful whenever you require
different views of similar content
6-4
Scale Control
This allows you to enter a view scale directly, or to input a scale via the Scale form
(click on the ellipsis). Any changes to scale are reflected immediately on the display.
This option allows you to scale the Frame to the drawing. The Scale form allows you
to:
Instruct Draft to calculate a scale so that the elements in the drawlist will just
fit within the View, using the Auto Scale button. The actual scale will be
displayed in the Scale text box.
Select Auto Scale to allow Draft to automatically select a scale for the view.
Select Nearest to instruct Draft to find the nearest standard scale to the calculated
value.
The View size will be changed accordingly, and the new scale factor will be shown in
the text box.
6-5
The View manipulation buttons are fully described in the Draft online help.
6-6
6-7
View.
Auto Update: If selected, an Update Design is performed each time the frame is
moved.
Colour: You can select a frame colour from the options available.
Translucent: This gives the frame a background translucency, or no background. A
translucent frame is easier to select, but can obscure objects behind it.
6-8
Selecting 3D Content
You can select elements in the 3D view in the normal way. You can also make
multiple selections in the 3D View by:
Holding down the Ctrl key and selecting individual elements with the left-hand mouse
button or Holding down the right-hand mouse button and dragging a selection
rectangle over the elements you need to select. This activates a selection box. For
example:
or
This option allows you to select multiple elements within, or partially within, the
volume you define using the drag functionality. You can re-size the selection box
using the handles displayed in the View.
When you have selected the required volume using this drag functionality, you
can select from the following options:
Wholly Within: This selects only those elements that are completely contained
within your defined volume.
Wholly And Partially Within: This selects any element that is completely
contained within the defined volume, or has any part of its structure contained
within the defined volume.
6-9
This updates the 2D view with the current content of the View Content list (which
itself reflects the current content of the 3D View).
Note: Updating the design may take considerable time if large amounts of data are
involved. Alternatively this can be done as a Background Process see below, and
the Draft online help for further details (also the VANTAGE PDMS Draft User Guide
Part 1.
The design can be updated according to the options on the Update list:
On Demand: The design is updated when the button is selected.
Background: The design is updated as a background process. This allows you to
carry on with your work, knowing that the update will occur at the appropriate time.
The use of the Background process is discussed in Session ???
Auto Update: The design is updated when the 2D View changes (Should only be
used in conjunction with small Drawlists.).
6-10
6-11
6-1
Session
Labelling
Objectives
At the end of this session, you will able to:
7-1
Labelling
Label Types
Labels are a form of drawing annotation, comprising text and/or graphics, associated
with Design items.
There are two types of Label, General Labels (GLAB) and Symbolic Labels
(SLAB). Their characteristics are as follows:
The relevant part of the Draft hierarchy is simply that the Views own Layers that in
turn own the labels. SLAB templates (Symbol Templates and Text Templates,
(TXTMs)) exist as members of Label Libraries (LALBs). The relevant part of the
DRAFT database hierarchy is shown below.
LAYE
LIBY
LALB
GLAB
DDNM
SLAB
DDNM
TXTM
SYTM
TMRF
Design database
General Label and Symbolic Label elements are owned by Layers, which are in turn
owned by VIEWs.
7-2
Labelling
Creating Layers
Labels are owned by Layers. Whenever a VIEW is created, a set of (empty) Layers
each with a different purpose, will automatically be created beneath it, as set up by
your System Administrator. However, you can create additional Layers if you wish.
Starting at VIEW level, select Create>Layer. A Layer (LAYE) element will be created
automatically, and a Create LAYE form will appear.
The Name text box will contain the automatically assigned Layer name, which you
can change if you wish. You must also select the layer type i.e. what you are going
to store under the layer for example Dimensions, Labels or 2D Draughting.
7-3
Labelling
Layer Definition
To change any of the Layer Definition select Modify > Layer > Definition.
Should you wish to change the Layers Purpose then this may be carried out by
selecting the Layer purpose using the Purpose option button. Choose whether the
Layer is to be visible or not using the Visible option button.
If you wish the Layer display attribute settings to be other than the defaults, click on
the Attributes button. The Visibility can also be set from the Draft Labels bar menu.
Layer Attributes
A Layer Attributes form will be displayed, the particular type depending on the
Purpose setting. Each Layer Attributes form allows those attributes relevant to the
Layers purpose to be modified.
The Layer attribute settings which may be made from these forms will be used as the
default settings (overidable at local level) for all elements which are subsequently
created under the Layer.
For all the Layer Attributes forms, Line pen definitions (including those used for
hatch patterns) may be set using the option buttons on the form, or may be chosen
from a predefined set. (This set will probably have been set up by your system
administrator to be standard for the project.)
Click on the appropriate UserDefined radio button, then click on the Reselect
button. A Select User-Defined Pen form will appear. This form is identical to that
available for use when creating Drawings.
7-4
Labelling
Note that Draft automatically selects the Label layer in anticipation that you are
going to create Labels. The Label layer, along with Drawing layers for dimensions,
notes and tags are created automatically as members of a View.
The Label layer is also selected in the Layers toolbar and in the History toolbar.
Layers toolbar
The Layers toolbar simply shows the Drawing Layer you are currently working on.
History toolbar
7-5
Labelling
The History toolbar displays a history of the current elements that you have
selected (use the left/right arrows to select recently accessed elements).
The Attach to drop-down list on the General Labels tab allows you to select the
element type that you wish to label. The list has two parts: the top part displays a list
of MENUS for different types of elements and the bottom part displays a list of
Common Elements.
In this example Equipments has been selected from the Common Elements part of
the menu. This ensures that when you use the pointer to identify the element to be
labelled it will find an item of Equipment, rather than, for example, a Nozzle, which
may be the actual element under the pointer.
Labels are created by selecting Create NEW. The Label layer is now automatically
selected in Draft Explorer.
7-6
Labelling
You will be prompted (in the main window status area) to identify the Design
elements to be labelled.
Each item of equipment to be labelled is identified by clicking on it in the Drawing
display. As you click on an item of equipment, a label containing the name of the
equipment will be created at the origin of the equipment. Esc (Escape) is used to
return to normal operation.
The Labels will appear in the Drawing Window at the origins of the Equipment that
were selected, although it may be necessary to zoom in to see them.
7-7
Labelling
Label Contents
The contents of the label are set by default to be the Name of the labelled element.
The contents can be changed by selecting Text Contents from the Attributes dropdown list on the General Labels tab of the Labels form. The Modify Text form is
then displayed.
The textbox on the form shows the content of the label. This can be normal text
directly entered and which appears in the label, or Intelligent Text for which the
information in the label is automatically taken from the Design database.
The default #NAME entry is an example of Intelligent Text. It is one of many different
attributes, which are listed in the Intelligent Text form, which is displayed when you
select Intelligent Texts on the Modify Text form.
The intelligent text can be selected and copied (using Control + C and Control + V)
into the Modify Text form.
When you have finished, the Modify Text and Labels forms can be Dismissed.
7-8
Labelling
Modify mode
Modify mode is used to modify Dimensions, Labels and 2D Geometry by graphical
interaction.
There are many other non-geometrical modifications, such as changing the
appearance of the text and linestyles that can only be carried out using the main
menu Modify option. These are not discussed in this exercise. Refer to the online
help for more information.
Entering and exiting Modify mode
To enter Modify mode, you click
While you are in Modify mode, you can still control the view by zooming and
panning, as normal.
Rotation
hotspot
Attachment
and
Connection
hotspots
Label
outline
7-9
Labelling
The arrangement of the hotspots becomes apparent when the label is moved from
its initial position. The following illustration shows the label moved upwards and to
the right:
Arrow pointing to
attachment hotspot
Attachment
hotspot
Rotation
hotspot
Connection
hotspot
Arrow pointing to
connection hotspot
Label
outline
Bend point
The position of the label can be moved by left-clicking and dragging its outline.
By left-clicking and dragging a hotspot you can modify the angle of the label or the
geometry of the leader line.
7-10
If you press the Escape key while the item is selected, no changes to the
item will be made.
When you move the pointer away from a modifiable item and click the lefthand mouse button, the changes will be saved, and the display shows the
new arrangement.
Whether or not the changes are saved, Draft will still be in Modify mode
and you can continue to pick other items for modification.
Labelling
Positioning
Once you have selected an item or hotspot in Modify mode, the Modify Mode
shortcut menu can be displayed by clicking the right-hand mouse button. Options on
this menu (see below), apart from the default 2D Cursor hit option, allow you to
choose a position for a leader line hotspot with relation to an existing line, or lines, of
the displayed engineering drawing.
The 2D cursor hit option, causes the item or hotspot, when selected, to be moved
to, and follow, the position of the mouse pointer position. When the mouse button is
released, the hotspot remains at the latest position.
When an option is selected that specifies the position related to a line of the
engineering drawing, as you drag the hotspot over a line or lines that can satisfy the
option, the line(s) will be highlighted. The hotspot snaps to the appropriate position
and will remain there when the mouse button is released. For example, if you select
the Centre Point of option the hotspot will snap to the centre of any arc or circle it
moves over.
If no position has been found that satisfies the selected menu option, when you
release the mouse button, the item will be dropped at the pointer position.
Menu options that are not applicable to the current element are greyed out.
7-11
Labelling
The menu options applicable to leader lines and their methods of use are in the
following table. Note that these options do not apply to moving text.
Menu Option
2D cursor hit
End Point of
Mid Point of
Centre Point of
Intersect at
Intersect
between
Nearest to
Method of Use
Drag hotspot to the required position. This is
the default, which is reset each time a new
element is picked.
Drag the hotspot over a line or arc, which will
be highlighted when recognised
Drag the hotspot over a line, which will be
highlighted when recognised.
Drag the hotspot over a circle or arc, which will
be highlighted when recognised.
Drag the hotspot over two lines that actually
intersect. The items will be highlighted in turn.
Drag the hotspot over two lines whose
extensions intersect. The items will be
highlighted in turn.
Drag the hotspot over any Design or Draft
item. The point will snap to the nearest point
on the item.
7-12
Labelling
The hotspots will be shown in cyan. (The colours have been modified here for clarity,
but on your display you will probably have a black background, green Equipment
lines and a cyan feedback colour.)
7-13
Labelling
The following example shows the label outline the Dragged away from the
equipment.
You will also be able to see the Bend point at the mid point of the leader line, and the
hotspots, which consist of:
If you Pick the bend point and drag it to put a bend in the leader line. A second bend
point will be created. You can move this point as well, if you wish.
Note: You must pick the label itself if you want to re-select it.
7-14
Labelling
You can move the attachment points and the connection point to create gaps and
offsets. A dashed line will then appear between the arrow hotspot and the default
position of the point. As an example, the following illustration shows the connection
hotspot dragged to the right.
When the leader line and label are positioned as you require them, save the
arrangement by clicking on the background away from the label and leader line. The
label and leader line are then shown in the pre-selected colour (red in the following
example).
7-15
Labelling
You can now Drag the connection hotspot over the lines of the engineering design
and observe that the hotspot jumps to the midpoint of the currently highlighted line.
7-16
Labelling
Select Leader Line from the Attributes dropdown list, the Label Leader Attributes
form will be displayed.
7-17
Labelling
The current settings of the leader line are displayed these can be changed as
required.
There are User Defined Pen settings available from the User-Defined Pen form is
then displayed.
Note: If you know which pen number you want, you can type in the number on the
Label Leader Attributes form rather than click on Reselect.
You can use the Up and Down buttons to scroll through the list. When you see the
line style you want, click on Cursor Select, and pick the line style in the window. The
Pen Number will be filled in automatically.
When you click on OK, the pen number will be automatically entered at the Label
Leader Attributes form. Click on Apply to observe the line style.
7-18
Labelling
The type of gap required is selected, the Gap Manager can also be used for deleting
unwanted gaps.
7-19
Labelling
The Library form is used to display the standard Symbolic Labels supplied with
DRAFT. Different Libraries may be specified, each of which contains a selection of
Label Libraries.
The available Libraries can be displayed by using the Show Library Button on the
Labels Form:
7-20
Labelling
The Library form will display those Symbolic Labels present in the Label Library
whose name appears on the option button at the bottom of the form. If you dont see
the Label you want, change to a different Label Library (or to a different Library)
using the option buttons at the bottom of the form. The display will update
accordingly.
Select the element type that you wish to label from the Attach to option button. The
default list consists of significant elements; selecting Menu from the bottom of the
list gives a list of nonsignificant element menus. Select Significant Elements to
return to the original list.
Use Create NEW to initiate the Label picking/copying process.
NOTE: The text present with some of the Library Symbolic Labels may be
descriptive only and not part of the Label itself.
Having initially positioned the Label on the VIEW, use the Scale and Rotate text
boxes to adjust the size and orientation of the Label as necessary.
If you wish to change the attributes of the Symbolic Label click on the Attributes
button. The Symbolic Label Attributes form will appear.
7-21
Labelling
This form allows you to vary the text pen/font, leader line pen and terminators, and
frame pen. These facilities are very similar to those used when creating (Label)
Layers. This form also enables you vary the characteristics of the Label leader line.
The same facilities are also available from the menu bar on the Symbolic Labels
form itself.
Modify Mode can be used in the same way as before to manipulate Symbolic Labels.
Modifying Labels
Label Visibility
All DRAFT Symbol and Label elements that can be created can also be modified,
starting from the Modify field on the Symbols & Labels menu. The procedure for
modifying an element is very similar to that for creating it; refer to the preceding
sections of this chapter for details of element creation.
Hide/Show Labels
Label visibility can be toggled.
To hide a Label, select Modify>Label Visibility from the Draft Labels bar menu.
The Label Visibility form will be displayed.
Selecting the Scope button will allow you to select labels for the whole sheet, a
selected view or a selected layer.
The Hide and Show options allow you to select All for all the labels, or Identified to
allow you to select the label(s). The Display Hidden Labels button will show all
hidden labels in a different colour to displayed labels.
7-22
Labelling
Label Blanking
The geometry for the blanked area is determined by the geometry of the annotation
element: for example, a circular label will define a circular area where no 3D
graphics will appear. Overlapping 2D graphics, text and other annotation graphics
will not be hidden. Note that if Blanking is switched off, operations such as zooming
and panning will be quicker.
To display the Blank Labs Form select Modify > Label Blanking:
The Modify Blanking form works in the same way as the Label Visibility form. There
is on this form the option to define the size area to be created around the selected
label. To define the size area to be blanked enter a value to the Blank Margin field
and as labels are selected the Blanking Margin will be applied. Note, there is a
button to allow all labels that have already be blanked to be highlighted. As before
this may be carried out on a sheet, view or layer bases.
7-23
Labelling
Label Placement
This facility helps to tidy up crowded areas of labelling, minimising Label overlap
and leader-line crossing. As well as changing label positions this facility may also be
used to change Label orientations, text justification, alignments, and the definition of
leader-line shapes.
The Intelligent Label Placement form can be shown using Modify > Label > Label
Placement:
Select - This area of the form allows you to Add or Remove Labels to be spread
using a spreading list.
CE's Labels Selects and individual Label (the current Label element) or all
the Labels in the current VIEW or Layer.
List Allows Labels in predefined lists to be selected. Gives the Select List
form.
7-24
Labelling
Position
Labels may be positioned Remotely or Locally. Having selected the required
placement position clicking on the Definition button adjacent to your choice displays
the relevant label definition form.
Remote causes Labels to be positioned around the VIEW border. Selection of the
definition button will display Remote Label Placement form.
This form allows you to set the positioning parameters for remote Label spreading to
be set.
Region The Labels may be spread around a rectangular region defined by the
Cursor. The coordinates of the region will appear in the X Y boxes (from where they
may be modified).
View Margin The Labels may be spread around a given margin of the current VIEW
boundary.
Minimum gap between labels Defines the minimum gap between the labels in mm.
Use By default, all four sides of the VIEW border will be used to spread the Labels
along, but one or more sides may be omitted if required.
Automatic Orientation Allows or suppresses automatic rotation of the Labels along
the top and bottom sides of the VIEW border.
7-25
Labelling
The spread offset of the Labels from their attachment points can be specified directly
using the X Offset, Y Offset boxes or indirectly using a Radius and an Angle.
7-26
Labelling
Exercise 8 - Labelling
Using the same Drawing as Exercise 3, create General Labels for the equipment
items and nozzles as shown on Labelling Example Sheet 1 in Appendix D.
Modify the General Labels you created in 1. to include extra textual information,
change of character size, spacing, etc. as shown in Labelling Example Sheet 2.
Modify the General Labels again to change the leader lines as shown in Labelling
Example Sheet 3.
Turn the default USER_Labs layer OFF. Create a new layer called SYMB_Labs and
add some Symbolic Labels for the nozzles.
Turn the User_Labs layer OFF and create a new layer called NOZZ_Labs and create
simple General Labels, with no frame, for all visible nozzles. Use Modify>Label
Placement from the main menu to arrange the labels locally and remotely.
7-27
Session
Dimensioning
Objectives
At the end of this session, you will able to:
8-1
Dimensioning
The types of dimensions are Linear (LDIM), Angular (ADIM), Radial (RDIM) and
Pitch Circle Diameter (PDIM). Their appearances are shown in the following
illustration.
Linear
dimension
Angular
dimension
Radial
dimension
R100
Note: A Dimensions form (illustrated below showing its Linear and Angular tabs)
accessed by Create>Dimension>Dimension Toolbar contains illustrations of
various types and styles of dimension. Clicking on the required style of a linear or
angular dimension leads to the Linear/Angular Dimensions form (which is discussed
later in the tutorial). Also, illustrations of linear dimensions appear on the Linear
Dimensions toolbar. When you are familiar with the styles of dimension illustrated,
you should find the toolbar method of selecting a dimension style more convenient
than use of the Create Linear Dimensions and Create Angular Dimensions
forms, as discussed later in the session.
8-2
Dimensioning
Dimensioning elements are created under Layers owned by Views, as shown in the
following diagram. Different types of dimension are created on different layers. All
these elements will be created automatically as you dimension your View.
LAYE
LDIM*
ADIM*
RDIM
PDIM*
Overshoot (positive)
Dimension
Direc tion
(Ea st)
Dimension Line
Projection Line
Direction (90)
Terminator
Offset
Projection Line
Clearance (positive)
Dimension Points
Between the parallel projection lines, Dimension Lines are drawn. These have
Terminators (normally arrows).
Each dimension and projection line may have text associated with it.
The various elements (Projection line, Dimension line, etc) of the dimensions
8-3
Dimensioning
are shown in the Members form as DPPT1, DPPT2 etc, owned by the
dimension, for example, LDIM.
Note: The values shown in the dimension text are taken directly from the 3D Design
model. If the points associated with the dimension points are moved in DESIGN, the
dimension can be updated automatically by selecting Graphics>Update>Annotation.
The following shows a Linear Dimension between the Nozzles along the centre of
Equipment D1201.
Using Create>Dimension>Dimension Linear from the main menu bar. The Create
Linear Dimension form is then displayed.
The name of the View and the View Direction are shown at the top of the form.
The Type dropdown list gives options of Chain (chained), Tail (parallel) or Truncate
(truncated parallel). (For more information on dimension types, refer to the online
help topic The Create Linear Dimension form.)
The Dimension Line Direction to North, because this is the direction in which we
want to dimension the Nozzles.
Note: All dimensions in Draft are defined with respect to 3D World directions.
All the other settings on the Create Linear Dimension form at their defaults, as
8-4
Dimensioning
The list on the left of the form sets how Dimension Points are created. Make sure
that Item is selected in the list. This will create the dimension point at the origin (P0)
of the design primitive.
The default is that the Create button must be used for each point, but you can click
on the
symbol (to the right of the Create button) so the adjacent checkbox
displays a tick. This allows you to create several points of the same type one after
the other.
Note: The
symbol must be off if you want to create Dimension Points in
different ways, or if you want to use the 3D Pos, Cursor or Match line positioning
options.
You need to Click on Create and Pick the nozzles in the sequence shown the
following illustration. This can be done in the 2D View by holding down the left
mouse button (the pointer shape changes to a square) moving the pointer over the
item and releasing the button. Note that when the pointer passes over a suitable
item, that element is highlighted and its name is displayed in the Status Bar.
Alternatively, the nozzles can be picked in the 3D View. The name of the item, ppoint or p-line under the cursor will be highlighted in a tool tip as the cursor moves
around, and pressing the button will select it.
8-5
Dimensioning
NOZZ 4
NOZZ 2
NOZZ 5
NOZZ 1
Esc is used to finish the process and the distances between the nozzles are then
dimensioned like this:
8-6
Dimensioning
8-7
Dimensioning
When you have positioned the dimensions as required, you can leave modify mode
by reselecting
8-8
Dimensioning
8-9
Dimensioning
Angular dimensions
We can create the angular dimension between two of the Nozzles on Equipment
(C1101). Remember you can zoom in using the middle mouse button.
You must make sure that you are on the Dimensions layer
(DR1/S1/V1/USER_Dims), angular dimensions are created by selecting
Create>Dimension>Dimension Angular from the main menu bar. The Create
Angular Dimension form is then displayed.
The default values are OK on the Create Angular Dimension form. Draft will prompt
you to identify the item that the angular dimension is to be attached to. For example
DISH 1 of EQUIP C1101, as shown below:
The dimension will have its origin that is the point from which the angular dimension
directions will radiate, at the origin of the element picked. The Linear/Angular
8-10
Dimensioning
Dimensions form is then displayed. This is the same form as displayed for Linear
Dimensions, and it is used in the same way. Switch on the
symbol, and click
on Create.
You will be prompted to pick the items to be dimensioned. The Nozzles are Picked in
the order shown in the above illustration. (Selection is clockwise, because the setting
is Clockwise in the Create Angular Dimension form.) On completion you should click
on the background or press the Esc(ape) key.
The dimension will be drawn as shown below:
8-11
Dimensioning
8-12
Dimensioning
Radial dimensions
Radial dimensions are created in the same way, this time we will use the Dimension
Toolbar.
The Dimension Toolbar is displayed by Selecting the Radial tab
Create>Dimension>Dimension Toolbar from the main menu bar. The Dimensions
form is then displayed.
Note: All types of dimensions can be selected at this form.
Select the required radius style. In the example below the Internal Radius
Dimension has been used. This is bottom left-hand style (if required, refer to the
ToolTip).
You will be prompted to select the item to dimension. For example DISH 1 of EQUIP
C1101 (the same item that was selected for angular dimensions).
The dimension will be created, as shown here.
8-13
Dimensioning
The Radial Dimensions form is then displayed. This form can be used to modify
dimension.
8-14
Dimensioning
Exercise 9 - Dimensions
Using the Sheet you created in Exercise 6, dimension it in accordance with
Dimensioning Example Sheet 1 in Appendix D. Use Modify Mode to move the
dimensions as required.
Modify the dimensions created in 1 to use the different Dimension Types, see
Dimensioning Example Sheet 2. Modify the Clearance and Overshoot and create
Gaps using the Linear/Angular Dimensions form menu.
Modify the view further but adding Dimension and Projection Line Text shown on
Dimensioning Example Sheet 3. Modify the Dimension and Projection Lines and
Text to colours of your choice using Modify>Layer>Attributes from the main
menu.
Create an aligned linear dimension that displays the true distance between the two
equipment nozzles shown on Dimensioning Example Sheet 3.
Create a new layer called IMP_DIMS and create Imperial dimensions on this layer as
shown on Dimensioning Example Sheet 3. Change the Dimension and Projection
Line Pens for this layer to Dashed and a colour of your choice.
8-15
Session
2D Drafting
Objectives
At the end of this session, you will able to:
9-1
2D Drafting
2D Drafting
Drafts 2D Drafting facility is used for adding manually-drafted graphic and text
details to drawings that have been generated by Draft from the Design database.
The facility is not intended to be a used as a drafting package.
This Session is an introduction to 2D drafting in Draft.
There are three sets of menu options specific to 2D Drafting:
Enables you to draw 2D Primitives and Local Symbols
Enables you to construct lines and other primitives using
existing primitives
Edit
Enables you to change the attributes of a primitive, move
primitives and nodes, insert gaps in lines, trim lines and
arcs, rotate primitives, reduce a symbol to its components
and manipulate groups.
We will only discuss the Draw and Edit functions here, for details of Construct see
the Draft online help.
Draw
Construct
9-2
SHEE
VIEW
NOTE
Sheet Note
LAYE
VNOT
CIRC
ELLI
RECT
TEXP
View Note
SYMB
TABL
ETRI
DMND
HEXA
MRKP
STRA
ARC
OUTL
Exercises in 2D Drafting
9-3
2D Drafting
Depending where in the hierarchy you were positioned when you created the Note, a
Sheet Note (NOTE element) or a Layer Note (VNOT element) will then be created,
as appropriate.
To create a NOTE you must be positioned at the SHEE element or below, but not
below a VIEW, whereas to create a VNOT you must be positioned at a LAYE
element or below.
As the Notes are created, they are added to the list of Notes at the right-hand side of
the toolbar. The one shown will indicate where primitives are to be subsequently
created.
Creating primitives
To create primitives, first make sure that the NOTE (or VNOT) element that you have
just created is the current element, then select Draw>Primitives from the main
menu bar. The 2D Draughting form will appear.
Use the default Option which is 2D cursor hit. This enables you to position the
selected primitive free-hand. Pick the point(s) requested, by left-clicking the mouse
with the pointer in the appropriate position(s) on the drawing.
If the primitive is a graphic, it is drawn as the points are selected. Depending on the
type of graphic, it may be necessary to click on Cancel on the Point Construction
Option Form when the final point has been selected, in order to complete the
9-4
graphic.
If the primitive is Text, only one point is selected and the Modify Text form is then
displayed.
You can enter the required text at this form and select its format. Click on Apply to
insert the text on the drawing, and then Dismiss the form.
The general action is to select the primitive and then select and drag one of the
hotspots until the required result is achieved. Then click on the background.
You can practise by modifying primitives you have already created. The hotspots
available and the operations you can carry out, depend on the type of primitive, and
are described below under the names of the graphics.
9-5
2D Drafting
Individual Primitives
The individual primitives, and how they may be modified, are now described.
Arcs
9-6
A hotspot at the centre of the arc, to allow the whole arc to be moved.
A hotspot at each end of the arc, to allow the corresponding end of the arc to
be repositioned. The repositioning will be such that the bulge factor remains
the same.
A hotspot mid way round the arc. This may be moved anywhere, and the
bulge factor will adjust appropriately.
A dotted line cross and four hotspots round the centre - the arc can be made
to rotate about its centre by rotating any of these hotspots.
Circles
This requires two points to be defined. The first point is the centre of the circle, the
second is the radius. If when defining the radius point the left mouse key is held
down a circle will be displayed which can have its size changed dynamically by
moving the cursor.
This also requires definition of two points, the first being a point on the
circumference. The second is the corresponding point on the opposite side of the
circle. As with the above holding the mouse key down during positioning of the
second point will allow dynamic size control.
A hotspot on the circumference, which will allow the radius of the arc to
increase or decrease as it is moved, while the centre remains fixed.
Diamonds
Like ellipses, creation is via two points which relate to its height and width. The first
and second point are used to define the width and can be dynamically sized as
before. After the second point is positioned a diamond is displayed. Note, the point
displayed at the intersection of two sides is used to control the height. Click the left
mouse key and hold, now move the mouse causing the height of the diamond to
change.
9-7
2D Drafting
A hotspot at each end of the axes. These hotspots can be moved along their
axis, and the axis will alter length as it moves.
A dotted line cross and four hotspots round the centre. The diamond can be
made to rotate about its centre by rotating any of these hotspots.
Ellipses
Like circle diameter creation, two points are again required this time relating to the
height and width of the ellipse. The first and second point are used to define the
width and can be dynamically sized as before. After the second point is positioned
an ellipse is displayed. Note, the point displayed at the mid point on one of the
edges is used to control the height of the ellipse. Click the left mouse key and hold,
now move the mouse causing the height of the ellipse to change.
9-8
A hotspot at the centre of the ellipse to allow the whole ellipse to be moved,
with its major axis parallel to its original position.
A hotspot at one end of the major axis. This hotspot can be moved along the
major axis. The length of the major axis changes as the hotspot moves.
A hotspot at one end of the minor axis. This will be constrained to move only
perpendicular to the major axis, and can be used to increase the length of the
minor axis.
A dotted line cross and four hotspots round the centre. The ellipse can be
made to rotate about its centre by rotating any of these hotspots.
Hexagons
This is defined by its centre and radius. Define a point which is to be the centre of
the hexagon followed by the point which defines the circumscribed radius.
This also requires definition of two points, the first being a point on the
circumference. The second is the corresponding point on the opposite side of the
hexagon. As with the above holding the mouse key down during positioning of the
second point will allow dynamic size control.
A dotted line cross and four hotspots round the centre - the hexagon can be
made to rotate about its centre by rotating any of these hotspots.
Lines
Creates a linked set of straight lines. This follows the same rules as above, although
in this case you may define as many points as is required. After defining the to point
of the last line click the cancel button on the Point Construction Option Form to
end.
Creates orthogonal lines and follows the same rules as for Linked Straight Lines but
moves the to point so that the line created is always perpendicular to the previous
line.
9-9
2D Drafting
Allows you to sketch a line between design points and 2D or 3D points. Set the type
of point for the From and To points, and press Create new line. You will be prompted
to pick the points. The ends of the line can be repositioned by pressing the Position
buttons. You will be prompted to pick a new position.
A hotspot in the middle of the line to allow moving of the whole line parallel to
its original position
A hotspot at each end to allow the associated end of the line to be moved.
This may involve rotation or lengthening of the line. The other end of the line
remains fixed.
Marker
This uses a single point definition to create a Marker Point. Changing the way in
which the Marker is displayed can be done via Edit > Primitive.
Requires points to be defined that are opposite. As with all the functions holding
down the mouse key before final positioning will dynamically display the primitive.
Table
9-10
This works in exactly the same way as creation of a rectangle. The difference is that
after the second point is positioned the rectangle is divided into columns and rows,
as defined by the defaults. These can be changed by Edit > Primitive.
A hotspot in the centre of each of the edges. These will enable the rectangle
to be stretched in that direction. The opposite edge will remain fixed, and the
opposite sides remain parallel.
A dotted line cross and four hotspots round the centre - the rectangle can be
made to rotate about its centre by rotating any of these hotspots.
9-11
2D Drafting
Symbols
This option calls the 2D Symbols and Library forms. From here you may choose any
of the 2D Symbols displayed and add them to the sheet/view.
9-12
A dotted line cross and four hotspots round the symbols origin - the symbol
can be made to rotate about its origin by rotating this hotspot.
Text
Left justified text. This requires a single point definition to locate the text origin point.
In this case the origin point will be located on the left hand side. This will also display
the Modify Text form allowing text to be created, copied or modified along with the
display setting attributes. To enter text click the left mouse in the area below Copy
Existing... then type/delete the required text. Selection of Copy Existing will require
the identification of an item of text to copy. This will be displayed in the window for
any edits/additions that may be required.
Centre justified text. This requires a single point definition to locate the text origin
point. In this case the origin point will be located at the middle of the bottom most line
of text. This will also display the Modify Text form allowing text to be created, copied
or modified along with the display setting attributes. To enter text click the left
mouse in the area below Copy Existing... then type/delete the required text.
Selection of Copy Existing will require the identification of an item of text to copy,
this will be displayed in the window for any edits/additions that may be required.
Right justified text. This requires a single point definition to locate the text origin
point. In this case the origin point will be located on the right hand side. This will also
display the Modify Text form allowing text to be created, copied or modified along
with the display setting attributes. To enter text click the left mouse in the area below
Copy Existing... then type/delete the required text. Selection of Copy Existing will
require the identification of an item of text to copy, this will be displayed in the
window for any edits/additions that may be required.
A box round the text. Picking and dragging this box causes the text to move.
A dotted line circle and four hotspots round the centre. The text can be made
to rotate about its centre by rotating any of these hotspots.
9-13
2D Drafting
Triangles
A hotspot in the centre of the triangle to allow the whole triangle to be moved
parallel to its original position.
A hotspot at two of the edges of the triangle. Moving either of these enables
the triangle to be resized while the other hotspot remains fixed. (Note that the
triangle remains equilateral.)
A dotted line cross and three hotspots round the centre. The triangle can be
made to rotate about its centre by rotating this hotspot.
Views
9-14
If view frames are not visible, the user can select the View Frames on/off
option on the right-click popup menu from the main display.
Outlines
This calls the Point Construction Option Form from which you may choose how to
define your first point (From Point). After definition of each point the Point
Construction form will be displayed. Define all the required points then to close the
Outline select the Cancel button on the Point Construction form. This action asks if
the first and last points are to be connected. If Yes then a straight line is created
between the two.
Similar to the Outline but is used to create Clouds. Select the required means of
point definition from the Point Construction form. Create the From and To Points.
Note that the arc created will dynamically change as the To Point is moved before
final positioning. Repeat the process for the creation of the To Point until the required
Cloud is created. To finish the Cloud select the Cancel button this will cause an arc
to be used to connect the first and last points.
This option will form a curve through a set of points to provide an open or closed
outline.
A hotspot at each end of the arc or line. Moving either of these will move the
9-15
2D Drafting
endpoint of that arc or line (in the same way as for arcs or lines above), and
will also move the endpoint of the next arc or line connected to that same
endpoint.
A hotspot at the mid point of the arc/line. Moving this will change the bulge
factor of the arc/line and could thus change a line into an arc.
Delete point:
If it is an endpoint, the whole arc or line is deleted.
If it is a mid point, the arc becomes a straight line.
The first point cannot be deleted.
Insert After:
The user then picks a new position on the screen, and a
new straight-line span is created from the end of the currently selected span,
and connected to the following one.
Splines
9-16
A hotspot at each vertex. Moving any of these will cause the curve to be
recalculated dynamically.
Delete point:
The point is deleted, and the curve recalculated without it.
The first point on the outline cannot be deleted.
Insert After:
The user then picks a new position on the screen, and a
new curve is calculated which includes this point positioned after the selected
hotspot.
A new point cannot be placed before the first one.
The selection of primitives to be included in the group may be carried out by any one
of three methods, these being Identified, Crossing and Window.
Identified: allows the selection of individual elements.
Crossing: allows you to define a region selecting all elements that are either totally
or partly within the defined area.
Window: allows you to define a region selecting all elements that are totally within
the defined area.
After choosing the required method of element selection click the Add button, this
will display a form asking that the elements are identified or that a region is defined.
After completion of the selection, all group members will be changed to display the
colour set, as a default, by the Setting>Group Colour option from the 2D Drafting
bar menu.
The Clear button will remove all elements from the group and return them back to
their original colour. Remove allows individual elements to be removed from the
group and returned to the original colour.
9-17
2D Drafting
The Perform Action On Group button displays the form of the same name which is
used to enter, by syntax, the operation you wish to carry out on the group, ie.
nlpn 6
by y20
moves
in
all
group
elements
20
units
the
+Y
direction.
The Filter button allows the setting up of selection criteria to help in only selecting
the required elements. You may not wish to select any arcs that are green from a
particular Note/Vnote so by setting the Filter these items will not be selected.
2D Copy
After choosing this option a message is displayed requesting the selection of a 2D
primitive. You may select as many primitives as you wish. To finish the selection
click the Cancel button. You must then provide an origin point. This point will be used
to position the copy. Now define a point that will be used to calculate the
displacement.
Repeat
Offset; a message will be displayed asking for all the 2D primitives required to be
identified. Now you must identify an origin point, the displacement is set by defining a
second point which must also be defined. The definition of the two points will display
the Offset Copy form with the values of the points already entered, you may change
these if required. Click OK when ready.
Rows & Columns; a message will be displayed asking for all 2D primitives required
to be identified. Now complete the Rows & Columns form for the spacing and
number of rows and columns required.
Polar; a message will be displayed asking for the all 2D primitives required to be
identified. Now define a point which is to be used as the centre of rotation. Once
defined, the Polar form will be displayed showing the settings for the point you
defined. Complete this form as required and click OK.
Mirror
A message will be displayed asking for all 2D primitives required to be identified. To
define the Mirror Axis you may use one of three methods. Cursor - define two
points to produce a temporary line which is used as the axis. Identified Line - select
a 2D primitive line that will be used as the axis. The last option requires you to enter
the position via the keyboard or cursor selections.
9-18
Chamfers
Identify the lines to which the chamfer is to be applied. (The first and second lines
to be hit correspond to Line 1 and Line 2 to which the chamfer offsets were
applied.
Finally identify the quadrant where the chamfer line is to appear. This is obvious
where two lines have common start/end points (as in the example on the previous
page), but in the case of two crossing lines any one of four quadrants may be
chosen.
Fillets
Identify the lines to which the fillet is to be applied, and finally identify the quadrant
where the fillet arc is to appear. This is obvious where two lines have common
start/end points, but in the case of two crossing lines any one of four quadrants may
be chosen.
Parallel Lines
Identify the line that is to be copied. A copy will be created at a default setting which
can be altered on the Parallel Line form. The Invert button changes the direction of
the copy
Tangent Line
This will draw a line tangent with two circles or arcs. The tangent will be drawn
depending on where you select the circle. A form will be displayed that will allow you
to reselect either points on the circles to define a different tangent. Where the
tangent is between arcs you also have the option to trim the arc to the connection
point of the tangent.
Ray Line
A Ray Line is a form of construction line. You will be prompted for two points. The
first point is the start point, the second point is the through point. The line will
continue to the edge of the sheet. A form will be displayed which will allow you to
change the X and Y values of the through point and the angle of the line. It is also
possible to use the Edit>Line Trim option to cut the line back from the sheet edge.
9-19
2D Drafting
Constructed Line
This option will allow you to draw an infinite line through two given points. It is also
possible to use the Edit>Line Trim option to cut the line back from the sheet edge.
Bisector Line
This will construct a line that bisects the angle formed by two selected lines. The
bisector will start at the intersection of the two selected lines and continue to the
sheet edge. A Bisector may also be trimmed using the Edit>Line Trim option.
Local Symbols
Local Symbols are created from the Construct option of the 2D Drafting bar menu.
These symbols can be created at any time and are local to the PDMS database
REGI being used. To create select the Construct>Local Symbol option and Identify
the primitives required for the symbol. Define a point which is to be the datum for the
symbol. All that is now required is that a meaningful name is given to this symbol.
Once created, Local Symbols can be selected and added to your drawing as
required, in a similar way to Symbolic Labels (covered earlier). To select a Local
Symbol select the Draw>Local Symbol option This displays the Local Symbol
form which contains all symbols available for selection. When the correct symbol is
shown click on it. After the OK you may place as required.
NOTE: Local Symbols are your own personal symbols and are not available to other
users. The definition will be lost on leaving PDMS unless you do a
Display>Save>Forms and Display. The graphics will remain on the sheet
however.
Edit
Edit>Primitive This allows you to alter the attribute settings for the selected
primitive. Before selection of this option you must have already selected the primitive
to be edited. Once selected the Modify primitive type Attributes form will be
displayed to allow the resetting of the attributes. When finished click Apply, Reset
will return the last saved settings.
Edit>Move Primitive/Node To Note that when the the Edit>Move Primitive/Node
To is selected that all nodes on all primitives will be shown to aid selection. Once
selected, depending on the option selected from the submenu, a form will be
displayed for you to position were this node should now be positioned. Note centres
of arcs, circles etc. are not moved.
Edit>Move Primitive By This allows you to move the whole primitive by a distance
which is either calculated by the entering of two cursor points or entering the amount
to move in the X and Y directions.
Edit>Move Node By This allows you to reposition a Node on a primitive thereby
changing the shape of the primitive.
9-20
Edit>Line Gap Allows the creation of a Gap which may have a length of Zero,
Default or defined by its Start and Finish points.
Edit>Line Trim Is used to Trim line or arc to another arc or line which is to be
selected.
Edit>Rotate This will allow the selected element/s to be rotated about a selected
point by a user defined angle.
Edit>Demolish Symbol This will break the links created when defining a Local
Symbol see above.
Edit>Action Group This will call up the Perform Action on Group form were you
can enter syntax to perform a particular action on the whole group, ie change the
colour
that
its
displayed
in
etc.
2D Settings
Menu choices from the Settings menu are covered in Module M20 Advanced
Drawing Production, however, the following settings are applicable to 2D Drafting:
Group Filter
You can set up a filter which controls which types of element will be selected when
you create a Group using the Crossing or Window options on the Group form. The
Group Filtering form will appear when you select Settings>Group Filter on the main
menu, and also when you select Filter on the Group form. You can specify element
types, colours or all the primitives owned by a given Note. Element corresponding to
the highlighted options will be included in the Group. The All or None option lists will
select all or none of the criteria in the associated list. This calls the Group Filtering
form from which you may set the defaults required to be used when building groups
To use this form you will need to set the items required for each of the three
columns. When selected to be active they are shown as white text on a black
background. The default setting for each column is ALL. If you wish to change the
9-21
2D Drafting
selection first switch the button below the column to None causing all items to be
deselected. You may now select the required items for the filter. Do this for all
columns. When the filter is used by the GROUP form the primitives selected will be
checked against the filter data and ones which match will not then be checked by the
remaining selectors. The primitives will be selected, first its TYPE, then its COLOUR
is checked and so on.
2D Utilities
Load Text
Utilities > Load Text. A Load Text From File form will appear. If the text file you
wish to load is not in the Local (i.e. current) directory, type the appropriate directory
pathname into the Directory text box and press Enter.
The Files scrollable list lists all the files in the current directory. Select the required
file. The name of the selected file (assuming it is a text file) will appear next to Text
File: If you wish to position the (origin of the) text using the pointer, select Cursor
from the option button to the right of Position, then click on the desired Sheet
position on the display. The Sheet co-ordinates of the chosen point will appear in the
Position text boxes. If you wish to position the (origin of the) text using Sheet coordinates, type the required co-ordinates into the Position text boxes. If required,
use the controls at the bottom of the form to vary the text Colour, Font, Justification,
Character Height, Spacing or Line Spacing.
9-22
Sketch Drafting
When selected, the Utilities > Sketch Drafting the 2D Attributes form will be
displayed. This form will allow the setting of default pens, text justification, character
height, alignment, character spacing, and line spacing. You can also set the Fill pen
to be On allowing cross hatching to be used. The settings on this form can be set to
be used automatically or on request. To use automatically make sure that the button
located in the top left hand corner is depressed. When the automatic is switched on
the icon shown in colour. If you do not have the automatic on then it may be used by
first navigating to the required element, selecting Sketch Drafting 2D Attributes
and click the Apply to CE button.
Dynamic Primitives
This option calls the Dynamic Primitives form that will display the attributes of the
selected primitive. To change any of the settings simply enter the required value into
the correct field and after the Enter key has been depressed the primitive will
change to reflect the new values entered. The Origin may also be repositioned using
the buttons on the right hand side of the form. The origin may be moved, any of the
default options shown or the origin may be redefined by selection of the Define
Origin button. If you left the Define button on All then you may reset all the values.
9-23
2D Drafting
Exercise 10 2D Draughting
Using the Drawing with four views of the STABILISER plant that you created in
Exercise 2, create a title for each view, ensuring that each text element is on the
correct VNOT.
Create 2D primitives using all of the options on the Draw toolbar. Experiment with
the different options on the Point Construction Option Form.
Click on the different types of primitives you created in 2 and edit them in turn by
selecting Edit>Primitives from the main toolbar. Note how the edit form changes
to suit the primitive being edited.
Experiment with the construction options, e.g. 2D Copy, Mirror, Chamfer Line,
etc. in the Construct pull-down on the main menu.
Delete all the primitives on the views.
Add some section marks using 2D symbols.
Create a text file containing some general notes using TextPad or WordPad. Create
a Sheet NOTE and import the text file as General Notes using Utilities>Load Text
from the main menu, positioning the notes at the top of the Notes column on the
right-hand side of the drawing.
Create a revision triangle, containing a suitable revision identifier, as a Local
Symbol. Create a revision cloud around some Design elements in the views and
add the revision Local Symbol to each cloud.
9-24
Session
10
Section Planes
Objectives
At the end of this session, you will able to:
Create and Modify Flat Section Planes using the traditional method.
10-1
Section Planes
Section Planes
DRAFT gives you the ability to construct sections through specified Design items,
the results of which can be displayed at VIEW level. All Planes are database items
and can therefore be used with more than one VIEW.
There are three types of section planes:
Flat Plane
Perpendicular Plane
Stepped Plane
This module covers Flat Planes only. Module 20 Advanced Drawing Production
covers Perpendicular and Stepped Planes.
The Section Mode option button, on View Create or Modify, can be set to Omit
Fractional Components, in which case, any components which are not completely
inside the sectioned View will be omitted.
All Planes are created and held within a Library structure and are owned by a
Planes Library (PLLB). To use a plane to produce a sectioned view of part of the
Design, you need to create a View Section (VSEC) element (starting at the relevant
VIEW), which will refer to the appropriate type of plane element in the Planes
Library.
A Planes Library is always created automatically (if the Drawing does not already
have one) whenever you make one of the Create>View>Section menu selections.
The appropriate type of Plane is then created as a member of the Planes Library,
being referred to by the VIEW Section.
NOTE: Sectioning will only be displayed for non simple wireline VIEWs.
10-2
The Name text box will contain the automatically assigned Plane name, which you
can change if you wish.
Select the required Plane positioning method from the option button located to the
right of the Position button, then click on the Position button. Position the 3D point
through which the plane is to pass.
If Explicit is selected, an Explicit Plane Position form will appear. Enter the
required co-ordinates into the text boxes and click on Apply.
If Id Cursor, Id P-Point or Cursor is selected, an appropriate message will be
displayed. Click on the required Design item, ppoint (wireline views only) or 3D
point as appropriate.
Cutting option button lists the available Drawlists. The items to be cut by the plane
will be those referred to by the selected list. If World is selected, all items in the
owning VIEWs Drawlist will be cut.
Direction defines a vector normal to the plane, set to the current VIEW direction by
default. If you wish to change this, type the new direction into the text box.
Centerline Mode. If this is active then everything included on the Drawlist except the
Center-Line of pipes if displayed will be Cut.
Retain Data option button lists the available options for defining which side of the cut
items are to be discarded from the display. The default In front of Plane means that
everything on the observers side of the plane will be discarded. Select as
appropriate.
Having clicked on OK, select Graphics>Update>Design from the Draft General bar
menu in order to update the VIEW contents.
10-3
Section Planes
This form is almost the same as the form used when creating a Flat Plane. The
difference is that there are two extra buttons on this form. These are Sketch and
Erase buttons.
Sketch will draw the profile of the cutting plane being used.
Erase will remove from the screen the drawing aids showing the cutting plane.
Having clicked on Apply, select Graphics>Update Design from the DRAFT menu
bar in order to update the VIEW contents.
10-4
10-5
Section Planes
You can also create and amend planes using this form:
New Section Plane: This creates a new Section Plane in the 3D
View. This is effectively a stepped plane with just two points
defined. To create a stepped plane with more points, the
Redefine Points option is used.
Section planes are always created across the full span view and
to the full depth of the model. They can then be moved and
edited according to your requirements.
New Clipping List: Displays the Create Drawlist forms to create a
new clipping list.
Show Clipping List: This shows the clipping list for the Section
Planes. Each section plane can have a selective clipping list.
The contents of each list can be displayed in a selected colour.
10-6
To amend the planes details highlight the Section Plane on the Section Planes form.
Hold down the right-mouse button and select the required option from the context
menu:
Modify
Redefine
Points
Highlight
Shown
Delete
10-7
Section Planes
When you select the section plane manipulation handles are displayed for you can
reposition the plane in the 3D View.
For example:
10-8
You then:
Drag the handles until the plane is in the required location.
Release the mouse button.
With the movement handles selected, you can also use the right-mouse shortcut
menu to orient the plane:
Enter Value
10-9
Section Planes
10-10
Appendix
View Types
Wireline
11-1
View Types
Modelled Wireline
11-2
11-3
View Types
11-4
Appendix
Text
Character No.
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Result
#NAME
/ZONE-4/BRANCH-6
#NAME(C2:)
ZONE-4/BRANCH-6
#NAME(C2:7)
ZONE-4
#NAME(P-2:)
-6
#NAME(P/2:)
/BRANCH-6
#NAME(P2:)
/BRANCH-6
#NAME(P/2:)(C2:)
BRANCH-6
#<
Starts underline
#>
Ends underline
#<#NAME(P/2:)(C2:)
BRANCH-6
#<#NAME(P/2:)(C2:)#> #POSU
BRANCH-6 U3000
#POSU<WRT ZONE>
12-1
#POS<WRT /1501A-N1>
#P1POS<WRT /1501A-N1>
#PARA[3]<FROM /VCHJJ>
#HBORE<FROM CREF>
#:UDA
12-2
Code
Meaning
Symbol
Code
Meaning
Footnote symbol
Omega
Centreline symbol
Superscript `1'
Diameter symbol
Superscript `2'
Superscript `3'
Degrees symbol or
superscript 0
E
F
Steelwork Channel
Steelwork Angle
Steelwork H-Section
Steelwork I-Section
Steelwork T-Section
Steelwork L-Section
Mu
Yen sign
Plate symbol
Copyright symbol
<
Left arrow
Hash
>
Right arrow
Up arrow
Trademark symbol
U
V
Down arrow
Line
12-3
Alternative Characters can be used on their own or combined with Intelligent Text:
~C produces a Centerline symbol.
~C#POSU produces the Centreline symbol followed by the Up position.
Normal text may be used in combination with Alternative characters and Intelligent text:
#<~C#NAME(C2:)#> POSITION IS #POSU returns the Centerline symbol and name of the
attached element, all underlined, followed by a normal text message (i.e. POSITION IS)
followed by its Up position.
12-4
Appendix
13-1
13-2
Appendix
Example Sheets
Dimensioning Example Sheets
14-1
Example Sheets
14-2
14-3
Example Sheets
14-4
14-5
Example Sheets
14-6
14-7
Example Sheets
14-8
14-9
Example Sheets
14-10