Jordan Vieira

Emily Berman
Chemistry
Semeter 1
CER #1
An unknown liquid that was determined in my groups sludge was
water. How we got this unknown as a solution was by first boiling our
unknown liquid. The boiling point was 98 degrees celcius. Based on our
reference sheet the boiling point of water (H2O) was 100 degrees celsius.
Then we solved for the density of the unknown and we got 98.9g/mL and
then we compared to the density of the unknown to the reference sheet and
we found that the data was really close. Turns out that our data was only
1.1g/mL off from our solution. So, in the sludge lab we got H2O as a solution
for our first unknown.
CER #2
Another unknown liquid that was determined in my groups sludge was Isopropyl
Alcohol. How we got this unknown a solution was by doing a distillation lab. So, we started by
first boiling our unknown liquid. The boiling point for the unknown was 83 degrees celsius.
Based on our reference sheet the boiling point of Isopropyl Alcohol was 82 degrees celsius. The
stats we got from the lab was actually very close to one of the solutions on the reference sheet.
Then we performed a second trial and got the same data. So, in the sludge lab we got Isopropyl
Alcohol as a solution for our unknown and in order to solve this we performed multiple trials and
on all those trials we got the same data.

CER #3
Another unknown liquid that was determined in our sludge was mineral oil. At first we
had to observe our unknown liquid and while observing the unknown we started to notice that a
clear see through oily substance was widespread atop our sludge. In order to solve for the
unknown we had to separate it from all of the other unknowns in our sludge. So, we began by

pipetting the oily substance out of all the other unknowns. We start to grow a hypothesis that the
unknown could possibly be oil and we knew that oil had a very high boiling point, so we decided
to not try and solve for the boiling point since the lab would take to long. So, instead of solving
for the boiling point we want to find a solution for the unknowns density. The density of the
unknown was .8g/mL, and this was the actual density of both mineral oil and petroleum. As a
group we all knew that petroleum oil was not see through and that the actual color of petroleum
oil is black, but our unknown was clear and oily so we knew that our unknown had to be mineral
oil.