Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Teach in Journalism Farsi 2
Teach in Journalism Farsi 2
()2015
7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France
5-100118-3-92-978 :
Attribution-ShareAlike :
)3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/
.
)(http:/www.unesco.org/open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en
.
.
.
Kibae Park : Martine Perret :28 Eskinder Debebe :40
Mark Garten :52 Eskinder Debebe :78 Mariusz Szczygiel/Shutterstock :94
leedsn/Shutterstock : 106 UNESCO :124 Rawpixel/Shutterstock :146
) :
22
)
:
)
:1 2015
:2
)
27
29
41
53
79
95
107
AIEST
COP
CPJ
CSR
FOI
GFMD
GMMP
IPDC
MDGs
NGO
ODA
OWG
PSB
SDGs
SDSN
SEO
UDHR
UNDP
UNEP
UNWTO
UGC
IFRA
(
)
()
()
-
( )
(
)
.
.
15 .
( )MDG ( )SDGs
.
.
2007 .
.
.:
( )MDG 2015
)SDGs( 2015 .
15
.
.
.
.
.
. :
)
.
)
.
)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
:
t
. ( )
.
1.
.
.2006 .P .
- 2006 .
7
2.
3
.
t
.
.
4
.
.
(
) .
.
.
: :
Clapp-Itnyre Alisa, Roumeen Islam Caralee McLiesh 2002 .
.2006 . -
. :
http://gem.sciences-po.fr/content/publications/pdf/novel_pressfreedom_poverty__150606.pdf.
11 .2013
( .)Coyne, Christophe . ()J & Peter T. Leeson
.2004 KYKLOS . 21-44 :57
.http://www.peterleeson.com/Kyklos--Media.pdf : .2014/02/24
.
5
.
.
6
.
.
7.
.
.
8
.
.
5
6
7
8
.2001 . .
.)6-4( 45
. ..43 :
.2013 . :
http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/bbcmediaaction/posts/How-do-we-get-to-a-better-evidence-base-on-media
and-conflict
.2014/11/2
. : . :
http://www.mediamapresource.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/ http://www.mediamapresource.org/wp-content/uploads Media-Development-and-Political-Stability-FINAL.pdf.
.// :
9
( )Van Staveren
( )Webbink
9
.
.
:
... -
...
()
10
.
. -
.
11
.
( )
.
9 .2012 . : .
( )Irene van Staveren ( )Ellen Webbink
.
1040 :
11 ( )Gupta, Sanjeev . ( )Hamid R. Davoodi - (.)Rosa Alonso-Terme
.2002 .)1(: 3-
10
:
() ( )
() .
12
.
:
13.
.
.
2015
14
2015 .
.
12 ( )Daniel Kaufmann : .
http://cima.ned.org/sites/default/files/Kaufmann20 presentation20for20CIMA20site.pdf
:
.3/3/2014 ( )Mary Myers
. :
http://panos.org.uk/2012/07/26/media-and-governance-what-the-academics-say
2014/3/3
13 ( )the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
( )Internews .
( )Sanjukta
.2011 . : . :
http://www.mediamapresource.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/MeasuringMediaDev.MediaMap.pdf.
2014/3/3 :
14 .2015 :
http://www.un.org/sg/management/beyond2015.shtml21
2015/2/5 :
11
.
15
.
16
.
.
.
( )Cassam Uteem
.
.
15 : ( .1962.)Rogers, EM . :
.1964 .Shramm W : . :
.1987 Mowlana H & Wilson : . : .
.2012 .Susman-Pea, Tara . :
.2006 .Tettey, Wisdom J : .
248-229 :)3( 68 - .2002 .
.45-23 :)1( 3
16 .2013 . : . : .
12
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2013
27 2015
.
17
.
( )James Deane
- -
18
.
17 .2013 . : :
.2015 : . :
http://www.un.org/sg/management/pdf/HLP_P2015_Report.pdf.
2014/5/2 :
18 .2013 . 2015 :
http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/bbcmediaaction/posts/What-would-a-post-2015-development-goal-on-free
13
.
19
.
.
20.
.
( )Csaba Kurosi
.
21
.
22.
. 2013
23
.
19
20
21
22
23
14
-media-mean
2014/5/2 :
.2015 :
http://www.un.org/sg/management/beyond 2015.shtml.
2014/5/2
7-3. | 2014
. ./http://www.iisd.ca/sdgs/owg8 : .2014/11/2
.2013 . :
. :
http://unsdsn.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/An-Action-Agenda-for-Sustainable-Development.pdf.
2014/02/25 . :
. http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/3238summaryallowg.pdf. 2014/02/24
18 .2013
24
.
.
( )Deutsche Welle
25
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2015 19
:
24
25
. :
http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/3238summaryallowg.pdf.
2014/02/24
.2013 .Lublinski, Jan, Deselaers, Peter & Berner, Petra :2015 :
. :
http://www.dw.de/popups/pdf/29438701/post-2015-mdgs-freedom-of-expression-and-the-media-pdf.pdf.
2014/5/3
15
26
.
27
.
( )2015 :
:16
. 10-16
.
.
26 .2013 .19 .2015 :
http://www.article19.org/resources.php/resource/37393/en/access-to-information-central-to-the-post-2015-development-agenda 2014/5/2 :
27 .2015 .2014 2015 . :
http://www.beyond2015.org/sites/default/files/Beyond%202015%20reaction%20to%20the%20Open%20
Working%20Group%20final%203%20March%202014.pdf 2014/6/3 :
16
2015
28
.
.
.
.
1945
1946
. )3( 1
29.
- 29 .
1948
19 :
30
.
1946
28
29
30
.2014 . . : .
. :
http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/chapter1.shtml 2014/5/2 :
:1 ( .)1948 :
http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/ABCannexesen.pdf 2014/5/2 :
17
.
. 1991
( )Windhoek Declaration
()
.
2013
32
.
31
33.
34
.
.
35
.
.
(
)
31
32
33
34
35
18
.2004 . : . :.21-7 :
52 :
( )32 L13
2012.
.2011 . :
http://www.sd-commission.org.uk/pages/what-is-sustainable-development.html 2014/11/2 :
.
.2013 . : . :
.
.
:
t
:2014
2015.
:2015
...
16
.
: ( :)2014
...
...
...
[ ...]
19
.
.
2014 200
. 19
36.
.
36
20
200 .
4 . .2014
.
.
.
. - :
t
( )
.
.
.
21
.2
.
.
.
:
t
:
.
.
:
.
:
.
.
.
22
37
.
.
.
:
t
:
.
.
.
.
:
.
.
.
.
.
t
:
.
.
:
.
.
.
.
.
:
.
:
)Climate-L (http://www.iisd.ca/email/ subscribe.htm
.
( )http://www.iisd.ca/process/climate_atm.htm
.
( )news alerts ( )news feeds.
:
.
:
EurekAlert .AlphaGalileo
.
24
( )http://scholar.google.com PDF
.
.
(
).
t
: .
.
:
. -
.
25
26
.
.
.
:
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
()
:
27
28
()Radhika Mittal
.
.
-
.
29
:
.
:
. ( )SDGs
( )MDGs .
.
.
.
: :
t
t
t
-
: .
: (
).
:
.50 :
.20 :
.20 :
.10 :
30 30
:
.
.
:1
t
t
t
:
.1990 . . )1(2 .-
.2012 . . . . . .
.2002 : . )4(10
-
. .2005 . : . )1( 13
.-
.2005 . ( :)2005-1987 . )4(13
-
.2015 . :
_http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/FIELD/San-Jose/pdf/Book_ UNESCO
Media_and_Development_May_2015_01.pdf.
. . . . . . .201 .
.
. .
31
2 3
:
t
t
:
:
:
t
t
:
. . ( .) .2000 . . .
.2011. : .
.
.2007 . : .
.3 2008
- . . . .2010
. )6( 6
.58-41
.2012. :
)1( 20 .17-1
.2010 . )1( 4 .81-70
.2006 . :
. )2-1( 77 .72-45
. . .2000 . :
. 31 .444-413
. .2013. . .
.
. .2009 . : . .
.
32
- . . . . .2011 .
: . :
)4( 53 .42-38
.2010 . : .
: )2( 51 .23-12
:4
t
t
t
:
. .2007 -
22 .86-80
.2011 . . )7356( 475 .289-287
. . .2013 . :
33 .8-1
.2009 . : . . . .
() . .129-113
.2003 .
. 133 3910-3907.
. . .2011.
. )3( 93 .846-829
. . . .2005 . -
: .2080-1990 : )1463( 360
.2083-2067
. . .2010 .
)3( 37 .51
. .2010 .
.13-1
33
.2009 . : .
.16-8
.2012. :
. . : .80-165
. .2012 . - .
)1( 35 .5-1
. . .2012 . .
)1( 37 .222-195
. . .1996 . : . .
.
. .2010 . .
: )4( 1 .540-525
:5
t
t
t
:
. .2012 . . )7411( 488
.303-294
. .2012. . .)1( 45
.2012 . : .
)2( 16 .1126-1116
. ( .) .2013 . : .
. .2003 . .
.2008 . )2( 59 .279-261
( .) .2013 . : ..
34
. . . .D .2014
.2011-1843 .13-1
:6
t
t
:
. . . . . . .2012 .
. )7401( 486 .67-59
. . . . . . .2012 .
: .
( ) )6( 62 .606-603
. . . .2006 .2006 . :
. ( ) )7( 120 .596-585
. .2011 . . )7335( 470 .485-479
. . .2006. : .
)9513( 367 .869-859
. . . . . . . .2011 .
: . 144
( )3 .972-966
.- . .2013 . . .
:7
t
t
35
:
. . . .2011 .
. .)1( 22 .32-15
. .2008 . :
)6( 50 .16-8
. . .2012 .
. 73 .46-37
. . .2006 . .
)02( 11 .178-159
.2007. . )5( 15 .306-296
. . . . . . .2014.
: . 122
( )3 .400-387
.2012 . : .
)1( 140 .128-116
.2011 . : . .
.27-23
( .) .2013 . :
. .
.2013 . : .
.
:8
t
t
t
36
:
2014 . :
1176 .
.2014 . : . .
. . .2011 . : . .
( .) .2012 . : . .
.2004 . :
. )1( 81 .73-53
. .2013 . :
( ) .23-1
.2013 .
. ( .)40 .43-33
.2011 . : . )3( 19 .166-157
. . .2011 . : .
)1( 39 .39-21
9 10
:
t
t
t
:
t
t (
)
37
:
.2003 . .
() . .132-117
. .2009 . .
)3( 40 .406-395
.2011 . . .
.2012 . . :
)1( 33 .65-54
. .2005 . .
)4( 1 .55-51
.2010 . .
.
. . .2008 . : .
: )5( 50 .69-62
. . . . .2012 .
. )4-3( 113 .1112-1105
. - .2009 .
. )( .379-355
.2013 . . .
.2005 . : 6 )25(
.1482-14
38
:
t
t
t
/https://www.sdsnedu.org :
/http://newclimateeconomy.report :
/http://cred.columbia.edu :
[ :
[.
39
40
()
.
.
.
41
()
/
.
.
.
.
: .
.20 :
.30 :
50 :
: .
42 42
()
.
.
.
.
: :
t
-
- .
43
()
: ()
:
.
: :
t
t
t
:
: .
. .
:
t .
t .
t .
:
.
44
()
:
: .
: ( - - )
( ).
.
:
t
t
t
t
:
.
:
: .
. ( )
.
( )
.
.
45
()
:
t .
t .
t .
:
.
:
:
.
.
.
:
t
.
t
.
:
.
:
: (
)
.
:
t
.
46
()
.
.
:
.
:
:
.
.
. ( )
: .
:
t
.
.
:
.
:
: .
.
.
47
()
:
t
.
t
.
:
.
:
:
.
.
:
t
.
t
.
:
.
:
:
.
:
.
48
()
:
.
:
:
.
:
t
.
t
.
:
.
:
:
.
:
t .
t
.
:
t
.
t .
49
()
:
:
( )
.
:
t
.
t
.
t .
:
( )
.
:
:
.
:
t
.
t .
: .
50
()
.2003 . : . .
:.
.1987 . . .
.2004 . . .
() .1996
. .
.1998 . : .
( ).
.1999 . : .
.
.1990 . . .
.1990 . . .
.1996 . : ( ).
.
.1988 . . .
.1995 . : () .
.
51
52
()Philippe Viallon
.
.
.
.
.
53
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
:
. (
) .
:
.
: sustainable
sostenible durable
.
.
54 54
.
.
38 .
:
.
:
39.
2012
.
:
40. 41
.
:
9 42.
43
200 .
.
44.
:
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
(. )1994
( .)1994
( )1972 ( )1999 ( )1976 (. )1972
( )2014 ( )2011 ( .)2001
( .)2014
( )2007 .90 .
55
.
.
.
:
45 ( ) .
( )
. 46
.
:
.
( )1987
47 ( )1992
.
.
:
. ( )Buckley 5000 (!)
48
49
( ).
45
46
47
48
49
56 56
.http://www.ipcc.ch :
. 1953 .
.
( )2012 .529 .
( )1993 ( .)2012
.
.
:
.
.
. :
.
.
.
.
.
50.
.
51
.
52 53.
.
.
50
51
52
53
:
.
.
. .
.
.
54
.
:
. :
.
-
.
54
58 58
( )2005. 12 .
:
.
.
55
.
.
.
56.
:
.
:
.
.
57
.
55
56
57
. 11 .
( )2003 ( .)2004
( )2005. 11 .
59
: .
.
.
(
) .
83
2012 58.
21 2012
59 .
:
.
:
t
.
.
60
.
. :
58
59
60
60 60
. 2013
.
http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/Le-tourismedurable-definitions.html
) (
10 : .2014
. 222 .
( )
/
.
.
1999 :
( .)1999 .
-
.
.
. ( )1999 .
.
.
.
.
2004 :
61. 222
.
.
!
61
.
61
:
62
63 Accor 64
67
TUI65 66
.
.
(
) .
68
.
. ( )Buckley
: .
69
.
. .
:
50
70.
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
62 62
http://www.sustainabletourismalliance.co.za
( .)2009
( .)2004
( .)2008
2008
.
http://www.lonelyplanet.com/about/responsible-trav
3 4 .:
http://www.mescoursespourlaplanete.com/medias/pdf/Chiffres2013web44HD.pdf
( .)2012
( .)2009
71
72
73
74
:
71.
72
.
:
.
.
:
73.
.
50 74 .
( )2003 .459 .
( .)2012
- - ( )2009 .323 .
- - ( )2009 .319 .
63
.
:
t
:
75.
.
. :
. ( )
.
. :
1970 76.
. .
77
78
79.
.
75
76
77
78
( )2004 . 10-9
(. )2003
( )1999 .14 .
( 89 :)2009
. 309 .
( )2007. 9 .
79
64 64
:
.
:
82. .
.
83.
.
80
81
82
83
( )1999. 12 .
.13 .
( )2005. 18 .
( )2012 535 . .528
:
80 :
81
:
.
( ) 1992
.
( )6 20
.
.
65
.
( )
85
86
87. -
. .
.
.
88.
.
.
-
.
.
84
:
:
89
.
84
85
86
87
88
89
( )2006 . 16
( )2007 .13 .
(. )2007
( )2007 .10 .
.
( )1999 .34 .
66 66
.
90. .
(
) 91
92
.
.
. ( )Scheou
93.
.
94.
.
.
(
) .
.
90
91
92
93
94
(. )2008
( )2007 .83 .
. 84 .P
( )2009 .296 .
2007 50
http://www.airbus.com/presscentre/pressreleases/press-release-detail/detail/airbus-commits-toambitious
.07/10/2014
67
.
.
. ( )Lamic 80
95
.
.
: 96.
( ) .
97
.
:
.
.
- - .
. :
98 . :
99
.
( )Sacareau [ ]
95
96
97
98
99
68 68
( )2009. 130 .
.
( )
.
( .)2007
- ( .)2009
100.
.
101
.
( )
.
30 :
30 :
( ).40 :
10 ( 40)
( 8) 48 . ( ) :
t
t
t
t
100
101
:
30 :
30 :
: (
).
)2007( . 14
( )2013 ( .)2011
69
.
.
70 70
1
: (
)
:
: ( )2009 :
:
2
: (
)
: .
: ( )1994 :
2885
:
3
:
:
: .2007 :
26 314-6 .
71
4
:
:
: .2014 .
48 2014 95-76
:
5
:
:
: . .1999 .
:
6
:
:
: .2008 .
: TUI 16 15
1599-1589
:
72
7
:
:
: .2013 . : 7
10-1
:
8
:
:
: .2005 . :
:
:
9
:
:
: .2013 .
slideshare-atelier-3-reseaux-sociaux-facebook-le-vignoble-denantes-tourisme-140409025725phpapp01.pdf
:
73
10
: :
:
: .2012 .
20 1 7-1
:
: :
.
:
. .
https://indabanetwork.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/travelers_ethical_charter.pdf 2014/7/20
. .2004 .2004 : .
19-18 .2004
. .2007 . : . 26
3.45-38 .
. .. . : .
. .2012 . 20
1 .7-1
.2012 . : . 39 2 .546-528
.1999 . : . 1 1 .25-7
. . . .2012 . .
17 4 .378-366
.2008 . .
033 .66-57
.2006 . : 235 .16-13
. . .2007 . . 71
74
2 .96-83
.2011 . . .110
. ( .) .2011 . .
. .1999 . . 26
4 .943-928
- . - .2009. : .
29 .326-308
. . . . .2012 . :
20 6.916-899.
.2004 . :
. 200 .100-91
. .2014. . 48
2014 .95-76
.2009 . :
:.
. .2004 . .
45 178 .386-365 :
WWW.cairn.info 24.37.193.181/ // :
.2003 . . 11 6.475-459 .
. . . . . .2010 .
37 3.645-627 .
.2014 .
slideshare-atelier-3-reseaux-sociaux-facebook-le-vignoble-de-nantes-tourisme-140409025725 phpapp01.pdf 10/12/2014
.2007 .2007 . : .
26 3.14-6 .
.2009 .
97 3
http://rga.revues.org/ 1031 2014/7/15
75
.2009 . . :.
.2011 . . 19
1 .34-17
.2008 . :
.TUI 16 15 .1599-1589
.1999 . : . . ( .)
: .
: ( ) .38-23
.2003 . . :.
.2005 . :
( .)2005 :
. :.
.1999 . .
http://ethics.unwto.org/en/content/full-text-global-codeethics-tourism 2014/7/21
.2014 . .2014
http://mkt.unwto.org/publication/unwto-tourismhighlights-edition // :
.2000 . . 171 .23-22
. .2011 .
. 30 1 .72-64
.2013 . : 7 .10-1
.2003 . : . . 25 .62-45
.2011 .
19 1 .15-5
76
77
78
()Julie Posetti
( )
( )ABC .
//
.
.
:
.
79
( ) 3-4
.
( )
.
.
() 2011 .
( )http://www.crs.org.au
( )ABC
http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2011/10/19/3343665 htm
.
.
)(http://oursay.org/reporting-refugees
.
.
t
80
.
.
.
( )
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
81
. (
)Moodle .
.
( )
.
.
14-12
.
. 12
() .
82
.
: (
).
.
( 6)
.
. .
.
.
( )
(
) .
.
.
.
83
1
2
84
:
.
.
:
t
t
t
t
( )#
:
:
:
: .
4
.
(
)
:
: .
:
:
.
85
:
(
).
:
9
10
11
12
:
:12
( 2 )13
( 3 )13
86
:1
/ / ( 60 )
: / /
( ) .
.
.
.
: (
)
.
.
( 8-6) .
.
.
.
( ).
.
.
87
.
.
.
.
.
()YouTube
( )SoundCloud .
(
) (
) .
( .)http://soundcloud.com
.
. (
) .
6-3 ( ) .
//
. .
/
.
10 .
88
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
/ :
.
- .
/ -
( )
:2
30 :
1250 (
)
.
.
.
.
.
.
)1 : )2
/
89
)3 / )4
/
)5 /
)6
: ( )
.
. (
)
.
:
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
90
( )
.
( )
:3
10 :
( )
.
( )Twitter
.
(
) .
:) )
)
.
:
.
91
.2011 .
. 30 http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2011/10/19/3343665.htm 2013
. .2013 . )4( 7 .64-446
.2009 . :
19 .2009
http://onlinejournalismblog. com/2009/06/19/theguardian-build-a-platform-to-crowdsource-mps-ex. 2013 penses-data. Accessed 4 June 2013 4
.2004 . : .
.
.2002 . :
( .D ) : .195-176
.2012 . :
)6-5( 6 .68-659
. 2014 . :
)3( 19 .99-479
. .2006. . .2006
.1991 . . . ( .)
63.82 .
. .2011. !
. 2011.
12 62-5607
.1980 . : .
( 63 13-09 )1980
.2009 . : .
31 . 1 .32-19
.2011 . : .
139 .31-23
. . .2007 . :
92
29 . 2 .33-15
.2007 . : .
7 5.80-69 .
.2008 . .
Jscribe: http://www.j-scribe. com/2008/09/breaking-fast-and-challengingmedia.html
2013 (Accessed May 30th, 2013) 30
.2009 . . :
6 3/2 .177-161
.2010 . : . . .
() .103-69
.2012 . ( )Collaboration
.
URL: http://www.pbs.org/mediashift/2012/01/how-social-media-collaborationfueled-reports-on) 30 australias-refugees (2013
.2013 . . .
() .100-88
. : .
. 1999 .48-21
. .2002 . .
4 1 .23-7
.2011 . : .1 .
http://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/ video/2176425721/cultural-intelligenceforum-pt-1
). 2013 (30
. . ( .2012.) : .
.
.2003. : () .
: . .122-113
.2014.
9 .2014
http://ethicaljournalismnetwork.org/en/contents/humanity-in-the-news-an-italian-case-study-onhow-to-tell-the-migrant-story
93
94
.
.
95
.
.
.
.
150
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
96
.
.
.
.
.
:
. .
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
97
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
30 .
70 .
.
.
:/ .
45 3 15 .
.
98
.
.
.2014 . . .
. . /http://www.storybasedinquiry. com :
99
.2008 . . . .
.2008 . . . .
. . .2012 . .
. . /http://datajournalismhandbook.org .
. . .2008 . : .
. .
. . . . .2014 . . .
. .
http://connectas.org/images/ Lab/manual_de_periodismo_ICFJ-CONNECTAS.pdf
. ( .F ) .2014 . . .
/http://manual.periodismodedatos.org .
. : . .
https:// reportingproject.net/occrp/pdf/Follow_The_Money_WEB.pdf
.1994 . . . . .
.2013 . . . . .
.2008 . . . .
. .
.2000 . . .
.
(
):
100
/http://investigativecenters.org -
/http://cironline.org
http://www.publicintegrity.org
/http://ciperchile.cl
/http://connectas.org/es
/http://consejoderedaccion.org
/http://gijn.org
/http://www.icij.org
/http://www.icfj.org
http://ijec.org
http://investigativenewsnetwork.org
/http://ire.org
https://reportingproject.net/occrp/index.php
http://www.propublica.org
(
):
http://dartcenter.org -
( ) /https://www.foiamachine.org -
() /https://investigativedashboard.org -
+75
https://medium.com/@Journalism2ls/75-tools-for-investigative-journalists-7df8b151db35
/https://www.muckrock.com -
http://niemanstoryboard.org -
( ) /https://offshoreleaks.icij.org
http://premio.ipys.org/investigaciones-premiadas.html -
. /https://source.opennews.org/en-US -
101
:1
. .
. .
: . .
:2
:
.
: .
:3 .)
. .
.
.
: .
. . .
:4 .)
. .
. .
: .
102
:5 .)
.
. .
. .
: .
:6
: .
.
:
.
:7
.
:8
. .
.
: .
:9 :)
.
103
.
: .
.
:10 :)
.
.
: .
.
:11
.
: .
:12 / :) .
.
.
: . .
.
:13 / :)
. .
: .
104
:14
: . .
. .
: .
:15
.
105
106
()Lida Tsene
.
.
107
: ( ) .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
:
:1
:2
:3
:4
:5
:6
:7
:8 :
:
t
t
108
t
t
.
.
.
( )
.
.
.
t
t
t
:)30( :
)30( :
:)30( :
.
.
)10( :
(
).
109
:1
.
:
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
( )
.
.
:
.
.
.
( )/http://www.nytimes.com/timespace
( )/http://www.bbcwlabs.com .
:
. . . .2012 . . .
./http://towcenter.org/tow-center-reports-and-briefs
.2014 . :
. . .2014 15 730-713 :6 .
110
..
.2010 : .
http://www.freemedia.at/fileadmin/resources/application/Brave_News_World_IPI_Poynter.pdf.
. .2013 . : .
. )2013( . . .
12-1 ..
:2
.
( ) .
: (
)
.
.2012 . . . . ( .) .
. 148-123 ..
.2014 . . :
.
http://fuchs.uti.at/wp-content/introductionSocMedia.pdf 1-25
.2008 . : . :1
.26-1 . .
:
.2009 . .
lanhttp://www.ted.com/talks/clay_shirky_how_cellphones_twitter_facebook_can makehistoryguage=en
111
.2010 . 10 .
http://www.jeffbullas.com/2012/02/06/10-ways-social-media-is-transforming-our-world/
:3
.
.
( )shares ( )likes ( )re-tweets
.
( )
.
: . (
1500) .
(
) .
.
.2015 . : .
. 2-1 .78-17
. .2010. .
http://www.journalism.columbia.edu/system/documents/345/original/online_metrics_report.pdf.
.2008. :
http://klaus-meier.net/blog1/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/meier_iapa_madrid_oct_08.pdf.
.2008 . : . . 3
.96-73 . .
112
:
.2013 . .
http://ijnet.org/en/blog/measuring-analytics-really-matter-journalists.
( .)INN : .
http://newstraining.org/guides/whitepaper-audience-development-and-distribution-strategies/
finding-and-engaging-your-audience/.
. .2011. : .
http://www.rjionline.org/news/resource-newsrooms-measuring-success-audience-engagement-efforts-0.
.2006. .
http://archive.pressthink.org/27/06/2006/ppl_frmr.html.
.2012. :
http://www.niemanlab.org/2012/08/metrics-metrics-everywhere-how-do-we-measure-the-impact-of-journalism/.
. .2011 . .
http://www.poynter.org/news/media-innovation/133987/5-small-steps-journalists-can-take
-to-build-a-bigger-more-engaged-audience/.113
.2014.
http://www.poynter.org/news/media-innovation/209695/how-journalists-can-measure-engagement/.
:4
.
Storify (https://storify.
)/com .
.
.
: .
.
113
( )storify .
.
:
.2013. : . : . .46-13
.2013 . . :
. .41-1
.2005 . . : 23-3 .
. . .2015. :
. 2015.
17 4 .591-573
:
. .2013 . .
page=allhttp://www.cjr.org/data_points/crowdsourcing_done_right.php
.2009 . ( ) .
http://www.niemanlab.org/2009/06/four-crowdsourcing-lessons-from-the-guardians-spectacular-expenses-scandal-experiment/
.2011 . .
http://www.ted.com/talks/paul_lewis_crowdsourcing_the_news
.2014 . .
http://blog.hbs.edu/dighbs/crowdsourcing-in-journalis
:5
. .
.
: .
.
.
114
:
.2011 . : .
( ) .85-67
.2015 . : .
: : . .82-67
.2011. :
. .
66 1 .2011
.2010 . . .124-109
. .2014 . .
http://www.kas.de/wf/doc/kas_38746-1522-2-30.pdf?140912081809
.2012 .
http://www.nieman.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/pod-assets/ebook/niemanreports/fall2012/
NiemanReports-Fall2012CoverStory.pdf
:
.2014 . : .
http://www.forbes.com/sites/lewisdvorkin/2013/01/29/inside-forbes-the-rise-of-the-entrepreneurialjournalist-in-a-world-seeking-credible-voices/
.2008 . .
http://www.pbs.org/mediashift/2008/01/in-digital-age-journalism-students-need-business-entrepreneurial-skills030/
.
:
http://www.towknight.org/research/models/
http://steveblank.com/slides/
:
http://www.businessmodelgeneration.com/canvas/bmc
115
:6
.
. .
: .
.
.
( )SEO .
.
.
.2013 . : . :
.117-87
http://www.google.com/webmasters/docs/search-engine-optimization-starter-guide.pdf.
. . ( .) .2012 .
http://datajournalismhandbook.org.
.2013 . :
. .
https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/Newsroom%20Curators%20%26%20
Independent%20Storytellers%20-Content%20Curation%20as%20a%20New%20Form%20
Of%20Journalism.pdf
.2009. ( )SEO .
https://econsultancy.com/blog/5034-a-journalists-guide-to-seo/.
. : :
.
http://onlinejournalismblog.com/2013/09/30/curation-tools-tips-advice-journalism/.
116
.2013 . .
https://www.journalism.co.uk/news/five-types-of-content-curation-tools-for-journalists/s2/
a552589/.
:
http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/.
.2011 . .
http://mashable.com/2011/03/10/curation-journalism/.
.2010. .
http://www.niemanlab.org/2010/09/what-impact-is-seo-having-on-journalists-reports-from-the-field/.
:7
.
.
: ( )
.
.
.
.2013 .
http://participatiemedia.wikispaces.com/file/view/Mobile_Storytellers_guide.pdf.
.2010 . .
.114-99 : .
2015 . :
3 249-230 :2015 :.
.2013 . 1 :1 .26-6
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21670811.2012.740273
117
:
2009 . .
http://stevebuttry.wordpress.com/2009/11/20/news-organizations-need-mobile-first-strategy/
2014. 5 : .
http://www.themediabriefing.com/article/media-s-big-divide-what-we-know-about-digital-first-audiences?utm_content=buffer74c63&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.
com&utm_campaign=buffer
http://www.journaliststoolbox.org/archive/mobile-journalism
http://multimedia.journalism.berkeley.edu/tutorials/mobile-reporting-field-guide/
: .
http://www.journalism.org/2013/11/04/twitter-news-consumers-young-mobile-and-educated/
:8 :
. (
)
.
: 1000
. .
.2015 .
http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/29_01_15future_of_news.pdf
. . .2003 . : .
.218-173 134-93
. .2014 . : .
)2( 2 .54-42
http://www.cogitatiopress.com/ojs/index.php/mediaandcommunication/article/view/128
.2010 . :
118
. 25 . .327-310
http://jclass.umd.edu/classes/jour698m/privacy_files/ContentServer.pdf.
: .
.
: ( :
)
( :
).
: (
)]/http://startupweekend.org[ :
.
.
.
:
.
. .2013 . .
page=allhttp://www.cjr.org/data_points/crowdsourcing_done_right.php
.2013 .
http://participatiemedia.wikispaces.com/file/view/Mobile_Storytellers_guide.pdf
.2009 . ( ) .
http://www.niemanlab.org/2009/06/four-crowdsourcing-lessons-from-the-guardians-spectacular-expenses-scandal-experiment/.
. . . .2012 . . .
http://towcenter.org/tow-center-reports-and-briefs/.
. .2014 . .
http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/09/24/how-social-media-is-reshaping-news/.
119
.2015 . : .
. 2-1 .78-17
.2015 .
http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/29_01_15future_of_news.pdf
. . .2003 . : .
.218-173 134-93
. .2007 . : .
: .
. .2012. : .
: .
. .2010 . : .
: .
.2013 . . :
.
.2013 . .
http://ijnet.org/en/blog/measuring-analytics-really-matter-journalists.
.2011 . : .
( ) .85-67
.2007 . .2.0 .
http://www.kcnn.org/images/uploads/Journalism_20.pdf.
.2013. : . : . .46-13
2009 . .
http://stevebuttry.wordpress.com/2009/11/20/news-organizations-need-mobile-first-strategy/.
5 .2010 . 5 .
http://www.pbs.org/mediashift/2010/05/5-needs-and-5-tools-for-measuring-media-impact131.
.2011. :
. .
66 1 .2011
.2015 . : .
: : . .82-67
120
.2012 . . . . ( .) .
. 148-123 ..
.2014 . . : .
http://fuchs.uti.at/wp-content/introductionSocMedia.pdf
25-1
.2010 . 10 .
http://www.jeffbullas.com/2012/02/06/10-ways-social-media-is-transforming-our-world/
.2008 . .
http://www.pbs.org/mediashift/2008/01/in-digital-age-journalism-students-need-business-entrepreneurial-skills030/.
.2009. ( )SEO .
https://econsultancy.com/blog/5034-a-journalists-guide-to-seo/.
.2004 . : .
.2010 . . : .
.2010 . .
.114-99 : .
http://www.google.com/webmasters/docs/search-engine-optimization-starter-guide.pdf.
.2013 . : . :
.117-87
. .2010. .
http://www.journalism.columbia.edu/system/documents/345/original/online_metrics_report.pdf.
. . ( .) .2012 .
http://datajournalismhandbook.org.
. . .2011. : .
http://www.cjr.org/the_business_of_digital_journalism/the_story_so_far_what_we_know.php.
.2013 . :
. .
https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/Newsroom%20Curators%20%26%20
Independent%20Storytellers%20-Content%20Curation%20as%20a%20New%20Form%20
121
Of%20Journalism.pdf.
.2014 . :
. . .2014 15 730-713 :6 .
..
( .)INN : .
http://newstraining.org/guides/whitepaper-audience-development-and-distribution-strategies/
finding-and-engaging-your-audience/
.2010 : .
http://www.freemedia.at/fileadmin/resources/application/Brave_News_World_IPI_Poynter.pdf.
2014. 5 : .
http://www.themediabriefing.com/article/media-s-big-divide-what-we-know-about-digital-firstaudiences?utm_content=buffer74c63&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer
.2008 . : . :
.
http://www.journaliststoolbox.org/archive/mobile-journalism
.2009 . :2.0
:
. .2007 . :
. : ( ).
.2008 . : . :1
.26-1 . .
. .2014 . : .
)2( 2 .54-42
http://www.cogitatiopress.com/ojs/index.php/mediaandcommunication/article/view/128.
.2011 . .
http://www.ted.com/talks/paul_lewis_crowdsourcing_the_news.
.2013 . :
. .
. ( .) .2011 . :
.
122
2015 . :
3 249-230 :2015 :.
. .2009 . . .215-196 :)2( 3
. . .2007 .
: .
. .2011. : .
http://www.rjionline.org/news/resource-newsrooms-measuring-success-audience-engagementefforts0-.
.2008. :
http://klaus-meier.net/blog1/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/meier_iapa_madrid_oct_08.pdf.
.2009 . . .
http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/theeditors/future_of_journalism.pdf.
http://multimedia.journalism.berkeley.edu/tutorials/mobile-reporting-field-guide/
.2004 . .
.2014 . -
http://www.kas.de/wf/doc/kas_38746-1522-2-30.pdf?140912081809.
.2013 . :
http://searchlightsandsunglasses.org/.
.2012 .
http://www.nieman.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/pod-assets/ebook/niemanreports/
fall2012/NiemanReports-Fall2012CoverStory.pdf.
. : :
.
http://onlinejournalismblog.com/2013/09/30/curation-tools-tips-advice-journalism/.
. .2013 . : . .
)2013( . . . 12-1
..
.2014 . :2014
//www.journalism.org/packages/state-of-the-news-media-2014/.
.2010 . . : .
123
.2014 . .
http://blog.hbs.edu/dighbs/crowdsourcing-in-journalism/
.2013 . .
https://www.journalism.co.uk/news/five-types-of-content-curation-tools-for-journalists/s2/a552589/.
.2005 . .
http://archive.pressthink.org/2005/01/21/berk_essy.html.
.2006. .
http://archive.pressthink.org/2006/06/27/ppl_frmr.htm.
.2008 . . . .
.2009 . .
lanhttp://www.ted.com/talks/clay_shirky_how_cellphones_twitter_facebook_can_make_historyguage=en.
.2010 . : .
:.
.2014 . . . :
.
.2011 . .
http://mashable.com/2011/03/10/curation-journalism/.
.2012. :
http://www.niemanlab.org/2012/08/metrics-metrics-everywhere-how-do-we-measure-the-impact-of-journalism/.
.2005 . . : 23-3 .
.2008 . : . . 3
.96-73 . .
. .2011 . .
http://www.poynter.org/news/media-innovation/133987/5-small-steps-journalists-can-take-tobuild-a-bigger-more-engaged-audience/.
:
http://www.cluetrain.com/book/index.html.
.2014.
124
http://www.poynter.org/news/media-innovation/209695/how-journalists-can-measure-engagement/.
.
http://www.towknight.org/research/models/.
. .2014 . : .
http://towcenter.org/video-now-the-form-cost-and-effect-of-video-journalism
.
: .
http://www.journalism.org/2013/11/04/twitter-news-consumers-young-mobile-and-educated/.
.2010. .
http://www.niemanlab.org/2010/09/what-impact-is-seo-having-on-journalists-reports-from-the-field/.
.2013 . : . :
.
. . .2015. :
. 2015.
17 4 .591-573
.2013 . 1 :1 .26-6
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21670811.2012.740273
.2010 . :
. 25 . .327-310
http://jclass.umd.edu/classes/jour698m/privacy_files/ContentServer.pdf.
. . 2014 . . :
.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/academy/journalism
http://buzzmachine.com/
http://pressthink.org/
http://towcenter.org
www.niemanlab.org
http://www.knightfoundation.org/
125
126
:
()Marcus O`Donnell
.
-
.
127
( ) .
.
.
.
:
t
t
t
.
.
.
1 2
.
.
128
.
.
.
.
. 5-3
.
.
.
.
:
t ( 30 ).
t ( 30
).
t
( 40 ).
13 . 3
2 3
.
129
:
.
:1
( )2010 -
.
.
( )2011
.
( )2009
.
.
.
( )2010
.
-
.
130
.
( )2005
( .)370
. ( )2013 :
( )2004
.
( )2014 :
.
)7-236( .
( )2012
.
. .
.
131
:1
:1
2010. - . .
() .
2011 .1235-1220 )8( 33
2009 :
.33-21 1 :17
:
:2 :
. 2013 . :
.40-13 )1( 19
.2005 . :
.374-361 3 :6
2012 . .243-229 2 :22
:
.
.
.
132
2010 . - . ( .)
.
2014 . 2 :8
.241-229
2004 :
.121-115 1 :5
2012 :
()
.328-309
:
.
.
:2
.
:
. ( )2014
.
( )2006
133
:3 : .
.
(.)2005
.
.
1970
.
...
( .)708 :1994
( .)2011
( .)2013
.
.
.
134
:2
:4 :
2006 . . 280-262 3 :7
2013 . :
.67-852 7 :14
2013 :
: .123-110 1 :27
:
.
.
.
:5 :
. 1994 : .1980-1972 .730-707 6 :47
2013
.256-243 3 :51
https://www.facebook.com/notes/434813209899762/
2010 . :
.181-164 2 :21
2011 / .1980
( ) :
. :
http://books.publishing.monash.edu/apps/bookworm/view/Out+Here%3A+Gay+and+Lesbian+Perspectives+VI/126/oh110006.xhtml.
135
2004 :
.163-139 13
: -
.
# .
:6
2014 :
http: // www.pbs.org/mediashift/2014/10/advocacy-is-not-a-dirty-word-in-journalism/
. 2009 :
.36-23 19
:
http://ro.uow.edu.au/apme/vol1/iss19/4
2014
.1220-1206 8 :29
2014 .825-809 6 :8
: .
.
:3
( )2007 ( )2012
( )2011 .
.
. ( )2007
136
( )2012
- :
.
. :
...
( . )43 :2012
.
( )2002
.
. :
(.)179 :2010
. . (
) ( )
.
.
137
:3
:7
2010 . - . ( .)
.70-357
2007
.70-154 2 :33
2012
Journalism.co.uk https: //www. journalism.co.uk/news-features/-development-journalism/s5/a547436/
http://www.theguardian.com/global-development
http://globalvoicesonline.org
: .
:8
2012 : .
: . .43-25
2013 : .106-85 1 :19
2007 :
.89-373 3 :5
: .
138
:9
2011 : .
.139-119 1 :17
2002 23-213 2 :3
2010 :
.198-179 2 :4
: ( )3 :
:4
.
.
.
.
.
( )2014
. ( )2013 .
:
-
139
. ( )2004
.
.
.
.
.
:4
:10
.2013 . . : . . .:
. : .392-384
2014
645-632 5 :8
2004 :
69-51 1 :21
2013 1 . 1
81-64 2013
: ( )3 : .
140
:11
2009 :
23-1 1 :30
2013 60-43 1 :14
2010 :
2007 .147-131 2 :11
2014 .557-542 4 :2
:
:12
2012
225-210 2 :13
2012 276-259 2 :13
2012 :
: 43-26 1 :33
:13
2014 :
.
. 2012 .
.647-638 6-5 :6
2005
141
http://www.ojr.org/051215junnarkar/#sthash.wcsE19yh.dpuf
.
http://aids.livesinfocus.org/2005/05/30/bbc-interview-about-grassroots-journalism/
/http://www.ojr.org/two-voices-committed-to-journalismscalling .
:1
:
.
.
2000
. .
30 100
:
t
t
t
:
142
8-2 .
3
.
500-300 .
.
.
.
.
.
30 100
:
t
t
t
:
:3
.
.
.
143
:2
1500 .
5 . .
.
500
.
( 3)
.
40 100
:
t
t
t
t
: 13
.
.
144
2007 :
.89-373 3 :5
.2013 . : 7 :14
.84-868
.2002 . :
)4( 3 .505-491
.2009 . )3( 10 .5-283
.2014 . )2( 8 .48-137
.2014 . : )3( 15
.88-273
.2014 .
)1( 2 .43-29
. . .2009 . :
)1( 57 .17-1
.2014 . .16-1
. .2013 . :
)7( 14 .903-885
. .
() .50-329
.2014 . )2( 8
.96-181
. . . . . .2002 . :
.
.2007 . : )4( 17
.85-367
. . .2014 .
.20-1
145
.2014 . .18-1
. .2014 . . )2( 8 .63-149
. . . . 2007 . :
)4( 22 .79-262
.2007 . : .
21 49 .16-1
. .2014 . - )2( 8 .36-121
.2011 . :
)7( 12 .46-832
.2007 . :
)2( 6 .9-1
. . . . .2010 .
)2( 4 .163-79
.2013 . () :
2011-2010 )7( 14 .41-921
. . . .2008 .
)3( 11 .99-275
. .2013 . )8( 14 .1058-1041
.2010 . - . ( .) .
.
.2014 .
.
.2007 . :
. . .21
http://fordham.bepress.com/ mcgannon_working_papers/21
.2014 .
()
.27-321
.2013 . : 2011
)7( 14 .20-904
146
.2014 . :
.)3( 6
.2007 .
.2009 . )1( 35 .80-50
. .2012 . )2( 22 .43-229
.2005 .
)1( 19 .72-55
.2011 . .
: )2( 31 .75-259
. .2011 . : :
)2( 32 .74-58
.2007 . :
)4( 22 .77-461
. . .2006 . 21
( )3-2 .22-102
.2006 . :
)4( 68 .312-291
. .2014 .
.19-5
.2014 .
.
.2009 . )2( 3 .32-216
.2005 . : .
.90-77
.2009 . :
: )30( 30
.16-105
147
.2013 . :
)7( 14 .51-849
.2011 . 5 .24
.2014 . .147 .
. .2009 . :
. )5( 31 .709-691
. .2014 . .17-1
.2012 . ()
.71-57
. .2014 .
()
.138 .
.2010 . )3( 4
.44-333 .
148
149
150
151
.
.
.
.
:
t
()
t
t
t
t
.
.
152
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
:
t
t
t
. 5 13
.
.
153
.
.
.
.
.
/
:1
1
2008 . :
. .11-9 :
http://ripeat.org/2010/network-journalism-moving towards-a-global-journalism-culture/ .
. 2013 . :
)2( 23 .47-131
2011 .
)1( 17 .45
2
:2
2012 . (*
) :
)6-5( 6
.68-659
. . 2014 .
:
)3( 19 .99-479
. 2013 .
)4( 7 .64-446
.2013 .
. . ( .)
.100-88
154
:
5
1
.
( )
2
.
8
2
9
3
.
10
11
3
.
155
.
.
.
.
:
12
2
( 5 )13
.
5
:
t
t
t
t
.
156
:1
.
.
.
( )
500 .
.
. .
Wordpress.com
.
1500 :
t
t
t
t
( 900).
157
:
)
)
)
) 40 20
%30 100
%70 () 30
/ .
:
:
t
t
t
t
: 5
:2
:
.
:
1
2
158
18-15
.
:
.
.
.
.
.
%50 100
%70 30
.
:
:
t
t
t
t
: 1 .
8 . 11
.
159
:3
1200
.
%20 100
:
:
t
t
t
: 12
8 : 3
2-1 .
3 .
:
t
t
t
t
t
t
160
()
:
.
http://newmediatoolkit.org
: .
http://www.jtoolkit.com/wp/
.
http://zombiejournalism.com/resources/
http://www.pbs.org/ mediashift/2009/06/rules-of-engagement-for-journalists-on-twitter170/
- . .2010 . :
- (.)7
. .2013 . )4( 7 .64-446
. .2014 . )2( 8 .63-149
.2012 . :
() -309
.328
. .2014 . - )2( 8 .36-121
. . .2014 .
http://www.journalism.org/2013/11/14/news-use-across-social-mediaplatforms/
2014 . 2 :8
.241-229
161
.
.
.2011 . .70-154
.2013 . : :
)2( 34 .41-128
162
.4
163
:1
2015
t
:2015
https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/7261Post-2015%20Summit%20-%20
2%20June%202015.pdf.
: .
:
https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/focussdgs.html.
:
_https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/1554TST_compendium_issues_briefs
rev1610.pdf.
:2030 :
2015
http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/69/700&referer=/english/&Lang=E.
( 2015 ):
https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/6754Technical%20report%20of%20
the%20UNSC%20Bureau%20(final).pdf.
:
:
http://unsdsn.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/150320-SDSN-Indicator-Report.pdf
: :
:2015
http://www.un.org/sg/management/pdf/HLP_P2015_Report.pdf
164
:2
t
2015:
http://gfmd.info/
(CIVICUS) http://civicus.org/index.php/en/
https://www.sdsnedu.org/home
)(https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BzocWXSMyEwHMVFvMU9HNFdHak0/view
)(https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B1GAs2aA_AjDLXg1WjhHYjFnZ28/view
(http://www.ifla.org/files/assets/hq/topics/libraries-development/documents/librar)ies-post-2015-development-agenda.pdf
/
http://cesr.org/downloads/CA_CESR_indicators_UNstats.pdf
# Culture2015Goal (http://www.culture2015goal.net/images/yootheme/culture2015/def/Indicators_ENG.pd).
()Saferworld
(http://www.saferworld.org.uk/resources/view-resource/891-measuring-peace-from-2015-an)indicator-framework-at-work
)(https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BzjjbGqEnI5yLWxjcWVOd19WdFk/view
165
.5
166
( )TERI :
TERI (The Energy and Resources Institute) University, 10 Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj,
)New Delhi, Delhi 110070, India. (dr.radhikamittal@gmail.com
.
.
.
(sugathsenarath@hotmail.com).
:
Dpartement Information- communication, Universite de Strasbourg, IUT Robert
)Schuman, EA 2310 LISEC. (viallon@unistra.fr
.
/ .)julie.posetti@wan-ifra.org( .
.
.
.
estela.( .
.)torres@ibero.mx
.
.
.
.
alejandro.( .
.)guerrero@ibero.mx
.)ltsene@gmail.com( .
.
.)marcuso@uow.edu.au( .
.)laura.camden@nau.edu( .
.
)(imvjnt@dac.au.dk
.
(ebrown@polytechnic.edu.na).
(
) (.)rosental.alves@austin.utexas.edu
.
(jkellylowenstein@gmail.com).
.
(ibrahima.sarr@ucad.edu.sn).
167
Gunaratne .
)(gunarat@cableone.net
Servaes .
)(jservaes@cityu.edu.hk
168
()f.banda@unesco.org
.
( )MDG ( )SDGs
.
.
2007 .
.
place de Fontenoy ,7
F-75352 Paris 07 SP, France
( )f.banda@unesco.org
169