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Section1 Notes (Grd-9)
Section1 Notes (Grd-9)
YEAR 9 SEC:
NAME : _________________________
DATE:
A computer system is made up of hardware and software. Hardware describes any kind of
computer equipment that can be physically touched.
A peripheral device is a hardware device that is attached to a computer, rather than being built
into it. Examples:
Item
Printer
Hardware
Software
Other
Yes
Digital image
Computer operating system
Electric kettle
Disk drive
Robot arm
Word processor
Program to control a robot
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Control
unit
2
Backing store
Input Unit is a peripheral unit that can accept data, presented in the appropriate machinereadable form, decode it and transmit it as electrical pulses to the central processing unit.
Output Unit is a peripheral unit that translates signals from the computer into a humanreadable form or into a form suitable for processing by the computer at a later stage.
Central processing unit is the brain of the whole system where all instructions are carried out.
It includes:
Control Unit, which controls the timing of the operations and movements of data inside the
computer and between the computer peripherals.
Arithmetic and logic unit where calculations are performed and logical comparisons are
made.
The immediate access store or primary or main store is the term used for the group of chips
inside the CPU where data is held temporarily while processing takes place. This memory is
instantly accessible. Characteristics of main memory are that data can be written and read at
very high speeds. Internal memory is usually referred to as RAM (Random Access Memory)
because data can be stored and accessed from any area of the memory chip.
ROM (Read Only Memory) - is a type of memory chip which only allows data to be read from
it. You cannot therefore change the data stored on ROM. ROM chips are used to store the
permanent operating system data (the BIOS). They are also used to store the permanent
programming inside a domestic device such as a television or washing machine. The contents
of ROM are not lost (it is 'non-volatile') when a computer is turned off.
Backing/secondary storage stores data in some kind of storage medium. They are permanent
storage devices. The commonest types of storage media are hard disk, floppy disk, CD-ROMs
etc.
e) Identify operating systems, including Graphic User Interface, command line interface
Operating Systems
The Operating System (OS) of a computer is the complex software that actually controls the
input, output and storage devices of the computer, as well as acting as an interface between the
user and any other software that is installed.
Examples of systems software:
Microsoft Windows XP, Microsoft Windows NT, LINUX and UNIX are different
operating systems that can be used to control computers.
Pointer: is the point on the screen which allows the user to use the mouse to move the icons,
run programs and select options from pull-down menus.
Assignment:
1.What is a bit?
.
2. What is a byte?
.
3. What does 1KB mean? Give its relation with bytes.
.
.
4.Tick in the correct boxes.
Hardware
Software
(a) Keyboard
(b) Floppy disk
(c) VDU
(d) Operating system
(e) Data base
(f) Light pen
(g) Payroll program
(h) Digitizer
5. The following specification for a Desktop PC appeared in a magazine.
3.46 GHz Processor
1 GB RAM
(Upgradeable to 2 GB)
120 GB Hard disk
16 x DVD-ROM drive
(a) Name the two backing store devices that the computer uses.
i. .
ii. .
(b)Which type of disk in the advertisement allows the fastest access to data?
.
(c)The RAM can be upgraded from 1 GB to 2 GB.
(i)What is RAM?
.
(ii)What is it used for?
6
available on a desktop computer. Touch pads or a button are usually used to control the
screen pointer.
c. Palm-tops & PDAs (personal digital assistants) - These are small hand-held computers.
They are usually supplied with software such as a diary, a contacts database, and some form
of word processor. Many now have email facilities and even spreadsheets and databases.
They either use a small keyboard or a touch-sensitive screen and handwriting recognition
software. They can be linked to larger computers directly by cable or through a docking
station or using an infra-red link.
Advantages: Very portable.
7
..
e) Give an application of ROM in a washing machine