120 Charren 4 Fouce System Resuizanrs Determine the resultant moment of the four forces acting om the rou shown in Fig 4-5 about point 0. SOLUTION Assuming that positive moments act in the +k direction, ic, ‘counterclockwise, we have CMa, = BF: Mg, = ~S0N(m) + 60N(0) + 20N(3 sin 30° m) —40 N(4m + 3608 30? m) Mg, = -331N-m = 3MN-m) Ans For this caleulation, note how the moment-arm distances forthe 20-N ‘and 40.N forces are established from the extended (dashed) lines of ‘action of each of these fores. ‘Asiatrted bythe example problems. the moment ofa The sity toremovs them wl ogre he moment {ore doer not ava couse tation Fr example the ose Cyan pit 0 oe larger tha the mere F tend to ate the beam clockwise about support tA ‘hore Fy abou O tal cede pal henadot Wwidhamomcot A= Fy The atalroation wal out he spor a B were removed126 Cnarren 4 Force Syste RESULTANTS ‘Determine the moment produced by the force F in Fig. 4-142 about ‘in O. Expres the result as a Cartesian vector. SOLUTION As shown in Fig. d-14o, ether ry oF tp eam be used 10 determine the ‘moment about point O. These position vectors are rq = (12k) mand y= (41+ 12) m Force F expressed a Cartesian vectors it 12k} m Fe ree2y, {OASHSi + 1.376} — L376K) KN o Tws a ae Mo=mxF=| 0 0 2 loss 1376-1376) = ($1376) ~ 12¢2.376) ~ (1376) ~ 12(04588)]j + [0(1.376) ~ 0(04585) = (1654 + 551j) km Ans Csi) ice 4 2 8 losses 1.376 12376 12(-1.378) — (1 76] ~ [4(—1.576) ~ O(0.4888)]h + (41376) ~ 12004588) = {165+ 551) Km Ans NOTE: As shown in Fig 4-14h, Mo acts perpendicular tothe plane é that contains F,¢,,and ry. Had this problem been worked using ‘Mo = Fd, notice the difficulty that would arise in obtaining the Wit ‘moment arm43 Monenr or a Fores—Vecton Fosmuavon 127 Tees ‘Two forees set on the rod shown in Fig. 4-151. Determine the resultant moment they ereate about the Nange at O. Expres the result asa Cartesian vector. y= pata s0u) é « SOLUTION Position vectors are directed from point O fo each force as shown in Fig. 4-15, These vectors are Mj = 20) ea = (SH) rp (4+ 5} ~ 2K} ‘The resultant moment about 0 is therefore Mp, = 2(r* F) XB tie XB 1 fw) fi ae o 5 of4f4 3 2 J-60 40 20) |s0 40 30) = (520) ~ oo) ~ fos + fc4o) ~ «59-09 + [5(—30) — (—2)(40)}t — [4(—30) — (—2)(80)]j + [4(40) — 5(80)] {304 — 49) + amy 1-4 au NOTE: This result shown in Fig. 4-1Se. The coordinate direction ales were determined from the unit vector for My, Realize thatthe ‘wo forces tend to cause the rod to rotate about the moment axis in the manner shown by the eur! indicated on the moment vector,44 Panes or Mowents 129 ‘AMP 45 Determine the moment of the force in Fig. 4-181 about point O, SOLUTION! ‘The moment arm iin Fig. 4-184 canbe found trom trigonometry. a= @m)sin 75° = 2958 m Thus Mo = Fa = (SkN)(2898m) = 145kN-m> Ans Since the fore tends 1 rotate or orbit clockwise about point O, the ‘noment i directed into the page SOLUTION I ‘The x and y components of the foree are indicated in Fig, 4-180. ‘Considering counterclockwise moments as positive, and applying the principle of moments, we have C4 Mo = ~ Fads — Pedy =(5 608 45° KN(3 in 30°m) ~ (5 sin 45° KN)(3 608.30" m) = “145 kN-m = 145KN-m) Ans. Fe (sanysnrs, SOLUTION it ‘Thex and yaxescan be st parallel and perpendicular othe rod's axis as shown in Fig. 4-18. Here R, produces no moment about point O ‘nce is line of action passes through this point. Mhrefore, Sr em (sknysn 7s C+ Mo = ~Fydy ~(Ssin 75° KN)(3 m) 14SKN+m = 145KN-m) Ans. Fig. as ©130 Charren 4 Fouce System Resuitanrs Force F sets at the end of the angle bracket shown in Fig 4-190 Determine the moment of the force about point O. ‘SOLUTION | (SCALAR ANALYSIS) ‘The force is resolved int ils. and y components 8s shown in Fig. 4-196, then G-+Mo = 40 sin 30° N(02m) ~ 400.608 30° (04 m) = -98.6N+m = 986N+m 2 Ans P ‘SOLUTION II (VECTOR ANALYSIS) ae Using a Cartesian vector approach, the force and position vectors shown in Fig 4-19e are "bose FN = {0.1 ~ 02)} m ie EN F = (400sin 30% — $00 8305} N = {20005 ~ 346.4)) N “The moment is therefore i 2 Mo=rxF=|04 -02 2000-3464 = OF ~ oj + [04(—346.4) — (-02)(200.0))K (9864) Nem An NOTE: It is seen that the scalar analysis (Solution 1) provides more convenient medkod for analysis than Solution IF since the p49 ‘irection ofthe moment and the moment arm for each component force are easy to establish. Hlence, this method is generally recommended for solving problems displayed in two dimensions, ‘whereas a Cartesian vector analis is generally recommended only: {or solving ubree-dimensional problems.142 Cnarren 4 Force Syste RESULTANTS Fig 428 Determine the moment My produced by the force F in Fig. 4-280, “which tends to rotate the rod about the AB axis, SOLUTION A vector analysis using Muy ~ ag (FF) willhe considered for the solution sather than trying fo find the moment arm or perpendicular stance from the line of action of Fto the AB axis Each of the terms inthe equation will now be identified Unit vector up defines the direction of the AB axis of the rod Fig. 4-28), where y= 8 = Lt + 02 osc + 048 fs” Vddm) *+ 2m) gS eco ch eect py al abs Aaa ety oboe Tee tin fs te Te ett pain vlc oa tg a sable, tg 2, (Ald Dot eho, rac ta ea ab be sed.) For simplicity, we choose rp, where Fo = {061} m The forces P= (300k) N Substituting these vectors into the determinant form and expanding, wehave losis oar 0 Maw mxR)=|06 0 0 SoM 2 8944[0(-300) — 0(0)] ~ 0.4472406(—300) ~ 0(0)) ++ 00.6(0) ~ 0(0)] = 8050N-m ‘This postive result indicates that the sense of My iin the same direction as up Expressing My asa Cartesian vector yields Magy = Marty = (80.50N+2)(O89484 + 0.4472)) = {7204 + 360)) Nom ans "The result fsshown in Fig. 4-25, NOTE: Ifaxis AP isdefined wing unit vector directed from B toward Athen in the above formulation ~uy would aye tobe used. This would lead to Mg = 80.50 Nm. Consequently, Mg = M.yp(—mg), and the same result would be obtained,4S) Mowe oF 4 Force asour a Scone As 143 Determine the m: ‘OA ofthe pipe assembly in Fig 4-24, SOLUTION " ‘The moment of F about the OA axis is determined from Moa = wo4(t X F), where risa position vector extending from any point on the GA axis to any point on the line of action of F. As indicated in Fig. 4-24, either top.fac.tap. ot fc can be Used: 95. however. rop wil be considered since it will simplify the caleuation, “The unit vector tq, which specifies the direction ofthe OA axis is {031+ oj) m Pe (03m) + (04m) i + 08) And the position vector rop is op = (084 + Sk) m “The force F expressed asa Cartesian vector is cs) = {2004 ~ 200} + 100K) N Theretore » Fig aoe Moa = woaktop *F) 06 os 0 os 0 os 200-200 100 = 26{0(100) — ¢05)(~200)] ~ o.sf0.5(100) ~ (015)(200)] + 0 = WON‘ Ans152 Charren 4 Fouce System Resuitants Determine the couple moment acting on the pipe shown in Fig. 432 ‘Segment AB is directed 30° below the x-y plane. SOLUTION I (VECTOR ANALYSIS) “The moment ofthe two couple fores ean be found about ny pon. TE 25% pin © is considered, Fig. 4-32, we have a aX (25k) +t (25K) A= (8) (288) + (605 307 + 8} ~ 6 sin 307K) x (28K) > 20 — 12995 + 2004 (=130)) 1b-in, Ans Mis casero take moments ofthe couple forces about a pint Ing on the line of aetion of one of the forces eg. point A Fig. 43. In this, a case the moment of the force at A is ze, so that © M= tan (25K) (6 cos 30° — 6sin 30%) X (25K) > (1309) thei, Ans sty SOLUTION I (SCALAR ANALYSIS) Although this problem is shown in three dimensions, the geometry is A simple enough to use the scalar equation M = Fd. The perpendicular A, distance between the lines of action of the couple’ forces is d= 6cos30" = 5.196in, Fig, 4-32¢. Hen, taking moments of the {forces about either point A or point B yields We, M = Fil = 251b (5196 in.) = 12891b-in, “Papplying the right-hand rule, M acts in the ~j dteetion. Thus, M = {=130j}Ib-in, Ans46 Mower oF A Coume 153 Wa Replace the two couples acting onthe pipe column in Fig. 4-324 by a resultant couple moment, © ® Fig 38 SOLUTION (VECTOR ANALYSIS) The couple moment M,, developed by the forees at A and B, ean easly be determined from a scalar formulation. My = Fa = 150.N(OAm) = 60N-m By the righthand rue, My ats in the + direction, Fig 4-336. Hence My = (604) N-m Vector analysis wil be used to determine and D. If moments are computed about point D, Fig. 43%, My = toe % Fev then roc * Fe = (0.34) x [125(4)j - 125(8)k) = (031) 100} ~ 75k] = 3001) ~ 2256 x k) 225) ~ 30k) Nem Since My and My are [tee vectors they’ may be moved to some arbitrary point and added vectorialy, Fig. 4-33, The resultant couple moment becomes M, My +My = (601+ 225) + 30k) Nem Ans,