UNIT 21: RANGE OF GRAMMATICAL

STRUCTURES
Making grammatical choices is more than simply a matter
of choosing between correct and incorrect structures; you
also choose from a range of structures, all of which are
correct. In written English especially, too much repetition
should be avoided for the sake of style, and variety is
important in holding a reader's (or listener's) attention.
In an exam situation, variety also allows the examiner to
appreciate the breadth of knowledge the student has, but
structures must be used in appropriate contexts and
without errors.
The intended meaning is the starting point of any
communication. Before we can phrase our ideas, we must
have a clear idea of the meaning we wish to express. Only
then can we select a grammatical form that is appropriate
to convey that meaning. Consider particular features of the
situation you have in mind that may require the use of a
particular form. For example, does it involve a relationship
in time between two events, and, if so, should a perfect
form be used? Or is it an event still in progress at that point,
calling for the use of a continuous form? Is there some sort
of cause and effect relationship that could be described
using a participle clause? Using appropriate vocabulary is
essential, of course, but the choice of suitable grammatical
forms is equally important.
Bear in mind that in addition to meaning, aspects of
register such as formality also need to be considered when
putting an idea into words. Other features, like emphasis,
may be important too.
When a grammatical form has been selected, it is then
necessary to pay close attention to how the form is
constructed so as to avoid inaccuracies. It is here that small
details, such as correct auxiliary verbs or choice of ing
forms versus infinitive, become important as they may
change the apparent meaning entirely in unintended ways.