2003. 09. 09.

jegyzetek.hu

NYV0011D

Krlek ne felejtsd el, hogy az anyagban elfordulhatnak hibk, trgyi tvedsek. Ha ilyet talltl, krlek jelezd neknk.
J tanulst kvn a jegyzetek.hu csapata!

Labour Market
The labour market is strongly related with some indices, we should know:

number of economically active people

*100
number of people who are able to work
rate of activity =

number of employed people

*100
number of people who are able to work
rate of employment =

number of unemployed people

*100
number of labour force
rate of unemployment =
HDI: Economic growth must be accompanied by the rise of living standard. Countries are
classified in accordance with the HDI. The components of the HDI (Human Development Index) are:

per capita GDP counted on purchasing power parity

Level of qualification

Life expectancy

(Hungary is 42-46th on the list)

Unemployment
Unemployment in a functioning market economy is inevitable. Economists say that a 3 to 5 per
cent range of unemployment should be considered as a natural rate. In case the unemployment rate is
under 1%, we speak about full employment. After the World War II. in Hungary and in Eastern
Europe there was no unemployment, but in the socialist countries there were no market economies
either. In Hungary there is an unemployment rate of 6,1%. (2003) You should inform yourself about
the current rate!!!
There are different types of unemployment:

Structural unemployment: when the skills of available workers do not match the jobs vacant

Voluntary unemployment: when people choose not to work, often because the do not find
jobs that pay enough

Seasonal unemployment: when work fluctuates according to the time of year

Cyclical unemployment: during recessions, when the overall demand for labour declines

Classic unemployment: the loss of jobs occurred when wages are too high

Frictional unemployment: when people leave their jobs to look for another one

We can see, that there are some natural types of unemployment, which do not harm the
economy (frictional unemployment for example). Thats why a 3 to 5 per cent range of unemployment
should be considered as natural.
It might be useful to think over the job-related things like job-interviews, being redundant,
redundancy money, curriculum vitae (rsum). Your examiners may ask you some questions about
these things.

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