1 GUL Interoperability Overview ISSUE1.00

GUL Interoperability Ov
erview
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Describe GUL Interoperability Networking Strategy

Understand GUL Interoperability Networking Strategy
Outline GUL Interoperability Performance Estimation
Know Interoperability Ecosystem Developing

Page3
Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
GUL Interoperability Overview

GUL Interoperability Networking Strategy
GUL Interoperability Solution
GUL Interoperability Performance Estimation
GUL Interoperability Ecosystem Developing

Page4
LTE Network Challenges

Maturity Bottleneck
Provider
Risk of Customer Experience
us
M try
at
ur Ch
ity ai
n
Lack of End to End Solution
Experience
In
d
Lack of Network Deployment
Economical LTE Rollout
sy
st
em
Flexible Site Solution

Cost-effective Backhaul Solution
Easy O&M
Voice & SMS on LTE

Seamless Handover between
G/U/L
LTE
Challenges
Terminals
Ec
o
C
Ex ust
pe om
rie er
nc
e
t
n
e
m rd
t
es w a
v
In Re
Profit-Oriented Approach
Service Innovation Create
Customer Value
Flexible Third Party Cooperation
Mechanism
LTE is the future, but opportunities always stay with challenges

Page5
Operators Main Concerns

Impact
of LTE
introduction
Ecosystems
Technology selection for

different services;
Change on existing NE.
maturity
Spectrum availability;
UE availability;
Data service first.
GSM/UMTS/LTE
Interoperability
Efficiency
Focus
of investment
on hotspot and dense

urban in initial phase.
High
end user experience
QoE of new LTE subs;

Service
continuity and
diversity.

Page6
Function Requirement for Interoperabilit

y from Operators
The Best Service Experience
Ensure Service Continuity
Try to receive data services as
far as possible in LTE so as to

get the best business
GSM/UMTS is required to
compensate the lack of LTE
coverage
experience
Reasonable Inter-system
Service/Load-sharing
GSM/UMTS provide voice service to make up the

deficiency of LTE service type
Minimum Influence
Impose the minimum influence
Make use of GSM/UMTS to share the load of LTE
on networks and subscribes
service
during network upgrading
Make UEs in low data service rate handover to

GSM/ UMTS system, raising GSM/UMTS system
utilization ratio and, exerting LTE high-speed data
service advantage

Page7
Performance Requirements for Interoper

ability from Operators
Require High Speed Service
reasonably
Experience
Set IRAT parameters
Service experience trend
Avoid IRAT ping-pang

handover/reselection
LTE > UMTS > GSM
Performance
Requirements
Satisfy KPI
IRAT Interoperability success rate
IRAT Interoperability time delay

Page8
LTE Deployment Strategy
Hot spot / Dense Urban

in initial phase
Urban / Rural
in expanding / mature phase
Limited spectrum options
More spectrum available
Mainly dedicated for data service
Convergent PS Core
Independent EPC to minimize impact on CN
Load sharing strategy
Keep service continuity via 2G/3G network
Service based mobility
No impact on the stability of 2G/3G network
Enhance Network performance and end

user experience
Enable seamless service experience between LTE and G/U systems

Page9
Network interworking design

Seamless Mobility
Best QoS
Connected
state L1800
L1800
Continuous
service
U2100
U2100
Load balance
U900/850
U900/850
Idle state
L1800
L1800
IDLE
Camp/Cell
Selection
U2100
U2100
Cell
Reselection
U900/850
U900/850
Handover/R
edirection
Data
Service
Continuity
CONNE
CTED
Voice
Service
Continuity
GSM900/1800
GSM900/1800
CCO
CS Fall
Back
SRVCC
Reselection
Camp on high priority
techonology first(LTE with
the highest priority in
default situation);
Camp on low priority
technology by coverage
based reselection
GSM900/1800
GSM900/1800
Handover based on coverage CS
handover/PS Cell change
Handover based on coverage CS
handover/PS Cell change (U900
edge area)
PS reselection based on coverage
(G->U)
Inter-Freq handover based on
coverage( UMTS center)
Dual Inter-Freq handover based on
coverage U900 edge area)
CSFB L->U L->G)
PS handover/CCO/redirection based
on coverage L->U L->G)
PS handover/redirection based on
service U->L)

Page10
(GUL Scenario)
Two Optional Network Structures for Inte

rworking (Gn/Gp, S3/S4)
Lu-CS
Interfaces for GSMBTS
S3/S4 structure
Interfaces for
Gn/Gp structure
BSC
Gb
Affected NE while
implementing
LTE
S12
UMTS NodeB
To MME
S10
MSC/
VLR/eMSC
SGSN
Lu-PS
RNC
To Foreign
PLMN
Gp
S3 Gn
MME
S1-MME
Gn
S4
Gr
S6a
HSS
S11
S1u
LTE TDD/FDD eNodeB
Advantage of Option 1: Gn/Gp (GTP V1)

Fast to market.
Connect to the EPC with only minor change to
installed network.
Implement Gn/Gp structure in the first phase of LTE
deployment.
NE: GGSN should be upgraded or replaced or
integrated with PGW.
Gn/Gp is the most applied structure due to legacy
2G/3G version.
SGs
Proxy
SGs/Sv
SGW
S8
S5
GGSN/
PGW
To Foreign PLMN
SGi
IP Services
e.g. IMS,
PSS, etc
Advantage of Option 2: S3/S4 (GTP V2 )

Simple architecture
PCC, E2E QoE and GTP V2 is introduced.
This architecture will deployed when LTE
services obviously increased.
NE: SGSN, GGSN, MSC needs to be
upgraded.

Page11
GUL Interworking Procedure with Scenes

Access
Flow
Routing
Area
Update
GnGp
SGSN
Tracking
Area
Update
Handover
Flow Scenario
Trigger Scenario
Protocol reference
MME to Gn/Gp
SGSN Routing
Area Update
Cell reselection, PLMN

reselection
RRC Release and redirection
Cell Change Order
Cell Change Order with NACC
3GPP TS23.401
section Appendix D
3GPP TS23.401
section 5.6
Gn/Gp SGSN to
MME Tracking
Area Update

reselection
RRC release and redirection
TCH/SDCCH release and
redirection
Cell Change Order
3GPP TS23.401
section Appendix D
3GPP TS23.401
section 5.6
MME to Gn/Gp
SGSN handover
Cover Based, loading based,

service based (CSFB&SRVCC)
3GPP TS23.401
section Appendix D
Gn/Gp SGSN to
MME handover
Cover Based, loading based
3GPP TS23.401
section Appendix D

Page12
GUL Interworking Procedure with Scenes

Access
Flow
Tracking
Area
Update
S4
SGSN
Routing
Area
Update
Handover
Flow Scenario
Trigger Scenario
Protocol reference
E-UTRAN
Tracking Area
Update

reselection,
RRC Release and redirection.
Cell Change Order.
3GPP TS23.401
section 5.3.3,5.6
3GPP TS23.401
section 5.3.3,5.6
UTRAN/GERAN
Routing Area
Update

reselection,
RRC release and Redirection
TCH/SDCCH Release and
Redirection
Cell Change Order
E-UTRAN to
UTRAN/GERAN
Inter
RAT handover
Cover Based, loading based,

service based
(CSFB&SRVCC)
3GPP TS23.401
section 5.5.2
UTRAN/GERAN
to E-UTRAN Inter
RAT handover
Cover Based, loading based
3GPP TS23.401
section 5.5.2

Page13
Standard of Interworking Progress

R11
R10
R9
R8
EPC, LTE TDD/FDD
Defined
GUL,TDSL,CL
Interworking Defined
VoLTE;
CSFB, SRVCC
eCSFB
(Flash CSFB)
GUL TL eSRVCC
GUL TL aSRVCC
2011
2009
2008

Page14
GUL TL rSRVCC
OSCAR
VoLTE Roaming
CL MOCN IWK
Contents
1. GUL Interoperability Overview
2. GUL Interoperability Networking Strategy
2.1 Interoperability Networking Requirement Overview from Operat
ors
2.2 Interoperability Networking Scenarios and Strategies
3. GUL Interoperability Solution

4. GUL Interoperability Performance Estimation
5. GUL Interoperability Ecosystem Developing

Page15
Operator Requirements Overview for

Interoperability Networking
GL
Networkin
g
Germany TMO: Legacy network:GSM900 and UMTS2100, plans to launch

a LTE network in 800M and 1800M respectively UMTS completely disa
ppears, therefore forming GL Network scenario.
Canada Bell/Telus Continously coverage areas via UMTS850 and UMTS1900 , plan
to introduce LTE to co-existed expansion building, therefore forming UL Network
scenario.
UL
Networking
HongKong Genius MOCN of HUT and PCCW. Legacy network: UMTS system
respectively owned by HUT and PCCW.
Singapore M1 Current GSM1800 exits to provide 10M available for LTE, and last
GSM completely disappears, thereby considering UL Network scenario.
Japan eMobile currently there are two carriers available for UMTS, 10M available for
LTE. Plans to provide 5M of UMTS for LTE via refarming so as to form UL Network
scenario.
GUL Networking
Sweden N4M LTE possibly uses 2600/1800/800 UMTS occupies

2100/900 GSM 1800/900, existed UMTS can not form continuous
coverage areas, so GUL Network scenario appears.

Page16
Interoperability General Strategy(1/2)
Preferentially camp on LTE frequency band
Reselect and handover from LTE edge area to GU network
Before deploying VoIP voice call falls back to GU network via CS

FB strategy
Reduce the difficulty of LTE configuration via a brief and efficient str
ategy. Via existed GU interoperability strategy, LTE can interoperate
with one of GU frequency bands( or carriers) .

Page17
Interoperability General Strategy(2/

2)
LTE
Camping by default
CSFB
G/U/T(Data)
Reselection
Redirection
G/U/T(Voice)
Phase 1: LTE Initial Deployment with Limited
Coverage & subscribers in hotpot/dense urban
LTE Mainly dedicated for data service
Voice Service Continuity via CSFB to 2G/3G

network
Load balance within LTE
VoLTE
SRVCC
G/U/T(Data)
Reselection
G/U/T(Voice)
Redirection
PSHO
Load Balance
Phase 2 and after: LTE with expanded

Coverage & more subscribers in urban/rural
Use PS handover for inter-RAT

switching
Keep service continuity via 2G/3G network by

coverage based Interworking
LTE
Camping by default
Introduce VoLTE, voice continuity with

2G/3G via SRVCC
Load balance between LTE and 3G/2G
Different interoperability strategies are adoptable in various LTE

deployment phases
Page18
GL Networking Strategy 1/2

Connection Mode
Idle Mode
1 Camping priority: LTE > GSM
2 Support cell reselection between
LTE and GSM
Supports LTE->GSM reselection at

the edge of LTE network;
Supports GSM ->LTE reselection w
hen moving into LTE coverage area
.
1 Supports LTE-> GSM coverage-based handover

2 Supports LTE-> GSM handover types PSHO, SRVCC,
CCO/NACC, Redirection.
PSHO can ensure PS continuity before and after

handover;
CCO/NACC and Redirection are suitable for PS, which

requires low time delay;
VoIP is deployed in LTE not in GSM, so SRVCC is

used to handover VoIP to GSM CS domain;
In GSM connection mode, UE does not support interRAT measurement, then it will adaptively adopt
handover without measurement which need configure
blind priorities of neighbour cells of GSM cells
3 Quick redirection, NACCor Flash CSFB. It requires

network side to support RIM procedure

Page19
GL Networking Strategy 2/2

Voice Solution
Load Control and service steering

1 Supports LTE-> GSM loadcontrol-based redirection
GSM via CSFB
In GSM connection mode, UE does not support
Redirect UE to GSM when
inter-RAT measurement, then it will adaptively uses
overload occurs in a cell
CSFB without measurement which need configure
2 Supports LTE-> GSM loadbased handover
1 Before LTE supports VoIP, Voice service falls back to
Let certain services with a

specifics QCI (such as VoIP)
fall back to GSM
blind priorities of neighbour cells of GERAN cells
In case of unspecific GSM handover function

supported by the network and UEs, only enable the
switch of redirection.
2 If VoIP is deployed in LTE not in GSM, SRVCC is

applied at the edge of LTE network so as to handover
voice service to GSM CS domain.
3 If VoIP is deployed in both LTE and GSM, PSHO is
adopted at the edge of LTE network so as to
handover VoIP service to GSM network.

Page20
UL Networking Strategy 1/2

Connection Mode
Idle Mode
1 Camping priority: LTE > UMTS
2 Support cell reselection between
LTE and UMTS
Supports LTE-> UMTS reselection at

the edge of LTE network;
Supports UMTS ->LTE reselection w
hen moving into LTE coverage area.
1 Supports LTE-> UMTS coverage-based handover

2 Supports LTE-> UMTS handover types:
PSHO SRVCC Redirection
PSHO can ensure PS continuity before and after

handover;
Redirection is suitable for PS, which requires low

delay;
VoIP is deployed in LTE not in UMTS, so SRVCC is

used to handover VoIP to UMTS CS domain;
In UMTS connection mode, UE does not support interRAT measurement, then it will adaptively adopt
handover without measurement which need configure
blind priorities of neighbour cells of UMTS cells
3 Quick redirection and flash CSFB. It requires network

side to support RIM procedure

Page21
UL Networking Strategy 2/2

Voice Solution
Load Control and service steering

1 Supports LTE-> UMTS load-controlbased redirection
Redirect UE to UMTS when overload
1 Before LTE supports VoIP, Voice service falls

back to UMTS via CSFB:
inter-RAT measurement, then it will adaptively adopt
occurs in a cell
CSFB without measurement which need configure
2 Supports LTE-> UMTS load-based

handover
In UMTS connection mode, UE does not support
blind priorities of neighbour cells of UMTS cells
In case of unspecific UMTS handover function
Let certain services with a specifics
supported by the network and UEs, only enable the
QCI (such as VoIP) fall back to UMST
switch of redirection.
3 Supports LTE-> UMTS CS/PS service

steering CS service such as CSFB
is suggested to fall back carriers in R99,
while PS service(such as coverage-base
service) is recommended to fall back to
carriers in HSPA
2 If VoIP is deployed in LTE not in UMTS,

SRVCC is applied at the edge of LTE network so
as to handover voice service to UMTS CS
domain.
3 If VoIP is deployed in both LTE and GSM, PSHO is
adopted at the edge of LTE network so as to handover
VoIP service to UMTS network.

Page22
GUL Networking Strategy
UMTS can not realize the

continuous coverage, while
Connection Mode / Voice Solution

1 LTE->GU intersystem handover: Current commercial
UEs are not able to support GSM but UMTS intersystem
operators require to
measurement, therefore, eNodeB only delivers UMTS
preferentially interoperate to
measuring to UE. When the quality of UMTS is better
UMTS, therefore forming
to a UMTS neighbour cell. If there is no UMTS coverage
GUL scenario
are and UE does not report event B1, eNodeB will
Uses the same strategy with
serving cell is lower than certain threshold(coverage-
before, so only differences

list here
and UE reports event B1, and eNodeB will handover UE
directly blind redirect UE whose receiving level in the

based) or sometime later(CSFB) to GSM.
2 After UE supporting GSM measuring, via adjusting
GSM parameters(suggest to longer UMTS measuring
time) to ensure UE report B1 MR of UMTS to realize to
Idle Mode
handover to UMTS preferentially

3 If UE does not support GU measuring, prefer blind
Camping priority LTE > UMTS > GS

M
handover to UMTS can be realized via configuration.

Page23
Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.


Page24
Target of GSM/UMTS/LTE Interwo

rking
Expanding / Mature Phase
Voice service introduced;
Load based mobility management;
Service based mobility
management;
Initial Phase
Data service only;
Keep service continuity via GSM/UMTS network ;
Avoid the impact on the GSM/UMTS network stability;

Page25
Interworking Procedure Components
Interworking procedure includes 4 steps: Trigger, Measurement, Decision

and Execution.
PS Voice
Servic
e
QoS
Load
Satisfa
ction Covera
ge
with
Measure
ment
Measurement
Trigger
Blind
IDLE
UE Make
Decision
Execution
Decision
Re-Selection
RRC
Connected
BS Make
Decision
Redirection
PS Handover
CCO/eNACC
CCO: cell change order

eNACC: network assisted cell change
RRC: radio resource control
Page26
Contents
3.1 Coverage-Based Interoperability Solution
3.2 Load-Based Interoperability Solution
3.3 Voice Service Continuity Solution
3.4 Interoperability Strategy Cases of Operators


Page27
Camping Procedure
UE
Common Camping Priority
Last RPLMN
Camping
SIM
Common priority is sent to UE in SIB
HPLMN & EHPLMN
UE
PLMN of User Controlled PLMN

Selector with Access Technology
SIM
PLMN of Operator Controlled PLMN

Selector with Access Technology
> LTE FDD > UMTS/TDS > GSM

or LTE TDD > LTE FDD > HRPD > 1x
LTE TDD
Verify if
target is
forbidden
The PLMN of Better Wireless Quality
1, Faster loading up LTE network;

2, Less impact to G/U network and
subscribers.
UE Individual Priority
Various UE individual priorities can be

applied to distribute subscribers to specific
networks based on operator policy.
Other PLMN Base On Wireless Quality
1, SPID-based UE Individual Priority

2, PLMN-based UE Individual Priority
RPLMN(registered PLMN)
EHPLMN Equivalent HPLMN)
Page28
Common Frequency Priority with SIB

Broadcasting
TDD
SIB 3
Serving
Frequency
Priority
Serving = 5
SIB 5
InterFrequency
Priority
FFDD = 4
SIB 6
UTRAN
Frequency
Priority
FUTRAN = 2
SIB 7
GERAN
Frequency
Priority
FGERAN = 1
FDD
SIB 3
Serving
Frequency
Priority
Serving = 4
SIB 5
InterFrequency
Priority
FFDD = 5
SIB 6
UTRAN
Frequency
Priority
FUTRAN = 2
SIB 7
GERAN
Frequency
Priority
FGERAN = 1
UTRAN
SIB 19
Serving = 2
FGERAN = 1
FFDD = 4
FTDD = 5
GERAN
SIB 2 quater
Serving = 1
FUTRAN = 2
FFDD = 4
FTDD = 5
Common Priority

Page29
TDD
FDD
UTRAN
GERAN
SPID-Based UE Individual Priority

HSS set SPID info for each
subscriber, and send to eNodeB via
MME
TDD Priority 5
HSS
UTRAN Priority 3
Data
package GERAN Priority 2
Mobile
Terminal
loc
k
nB
Cell reselection Info
se
FDD Priority 3
Voice
package
Mobile
Terminal
Bloc
System Information
eNodeB
UE with voice package(i.e.

SPID=20):
TDD Priority 4
ea
ec
tio
n
Re
l
In f
nn
RR
C
Co
Sy
ste
m
The common priority in SIB will work,

Data package UE will prefer camping on LTE TDD
Mobile
Terminal
GERAN Priority 5
o rm
a t io
S6a
(SPID)
S1-MME
(SPID)
UE with Data package (i.e. SPID

=10):
FDD Priority 4
HSS
SPID
MME
Strategy
CPE
UTRAN Priority 2
eNodeB will send UE individual priority

with GSM higher than LTE in RRC
Voice package Connection Release message.
Mobile Terminal
The individual cell reselection priority
will overwrite common priority.
TDD Priority 5
UE will prefer camping on GSM
FDD Priority 4
UTRAN Priority 3
GERAN Priority 2
CPE
CPE (i.e. SPID=30), the eNodeB will

not send UE individual priority to
UE, the common priority in SIB will
work, then CPE will prefer camping
on LTE TDD
SPID Service Profile Identifier

Page30
UE Individual Priority based on PLMN

Concept
Policy
Priority based on SPID

LTE TDD
PLMN1
Priority based on PLMN

PLMN2
RRC Connection
Release
RRC Connection
Release
TDD Priority 5
FDD Priority 5
FDD Priority 4
TDD Priority 4
UMTS Priority 3
UMTS Priority 3
GSM Priority 2
GSM Priority 2
LTE FDD
HPLMN is PLMN1
High Priority
HPLMN is PLMN2
Cell Common Priority
Low Priority
According to the PLMN which UE is

registered to, the eNodeB may send
individual priority with RAT1 (e.g.
FDD) higher than RAT 2 (e.g. TDD) in
RRC Connection Release message,
the individual priority will overwrite
common priority, then UE will prefer
camping on its Home Network (e.g.
FDD).

Page31
Coverage-Based Re-Selection in IDLE Mode

Intra-frequency
Scan by default
Serving cell
Inter-frequency (including Inter-RAT)

From Low priority to High priority
Scan by default
From High priority to Low or Equal

priority
Target cell
Low
priority
Broadcast
Serving cell
Good quality in serving cell(Level
and Quality) not to measure
neighbour cells
Bad quality in serving cell(Level or
Quality) measure neighbour cells
Measure or not via switch CFG
Target Serving > Offset
High
High
Broadcast
priority priority
Target cell
Always measure neighbour cells
Target > Threshold
Serving cell
Low
priority
Target cell
Good quality in serving cell(Level and

Quality) not to measure neighbour
cells
Bad quality in serving cell(Level or
Quality) measure neighbour cells
Measure or not via switch CFG
Scan
Re-selection
Serving <
Threshold1
Target >
Threshold 2
Common priority sequence and threshold is broadcasted in SIB message, should be the same for the
entire network. SIB 3 5 6 broadcasted in LTE, SIB 19 broadcasted in UMTS.
* Threshold based on RSRP or RSRQ
Page32
Coverage-Based Interworking in RRC

Connected Mode
Trigger: Coverage based Interworking is triggered by A2 Event:
Measurement: Serving < Threshold1
Intra-frequency
Serving cell
Target cell
HO/Redirection
A3 :
Target Serving > Offset
Inter-frequency (Intra-RAT)
Serving cell
Target cell
Inter-frequency (Inter-RAT)
Serving cell
HO/Redirection
Event: A3/A4/A5
A4 is recommended
Target cell
HO/Redirection
Event: B1/B2
Coverage based PS handover is recommended to enable by default.

Blind PSHO or redirection will be used, if Inter-frequency (including inter-RAT) measurement is not supported by UE
* Threshold based on RSRP or RSRQ
Page33
PS Handover Execution Procedure
Example: Inter-RAT handover instance: Handover from LTE cell to G/U cell
HO Trigger, Measurement and Decision
SGW
LTE
eNode
B
PGW
MME sends relocation to target SGSN

Target GU network establish access connection

MME
eNodeB sends HO command to UE
MS detected by target GU network
SGSN
Target network finish relocation.

Context exchange with source PGW
BSC/RNC
G/U/T
BTS
HO decision: LTE to GU
eNodeB sends HO request
GGSN
Release source network resources

Page34
eNACC Procedure
Example: Inter-RAT handover instance: eNACC from LTE cel

l to GSM cell

SGW
PGW
LTE
eNodeB
MME
eNodeB gets target cell info. by RIM

procedure
eNodeB sends HO command to UE
BSC
GSM BTS
UE send target cell measurement to

eNodeB. eNodeB makes HO decision
MS detected by target GSM network

SGSN
GGSN
Target network finish relocation.

Context exchange with source PGW
MME release source network resources

Page35
Redirection Procedure
Inter-RAT handover instance: Redirection from LTE cell to G/U cell
SGW
PGW
UE send target cell measurement to

eNodeB. eNodeB makes HO decision
LTE
eNodeB
BSC
G/U BTS
eNodeB send RRC Release message to

UE, carrying RedirectedCarrierInfo that
specifies the frequency of the target
GERAN/UTRAN cell.
MME
SGSN
GGSN
UE in RRC IDLE state, reselect the

GERAN/UTRAN cell with the specified
frequency according to redirection information.
eNodeB requests MME release LTE
RRC_Connect.
UE initiates an RAU procedure.

Page36
Contents


Page37
Load Balance Scenarios

Highload
Serving cell
Load status Offload

exchange
Normal
Serving
Cell Load
Target cell
Policy
Intra-RAT Load balance can be enabled
when LTE has limited coverage and
subscriber.
Inter-RAT can be enabled when LTE
expanded coverage and has more
subscribers.
Cell load based activities
RB use rate
Concept
ss
Le ed
AT
d
AT
R
a
d
R
a
l
lo
d
r
Int esho nter hol
I
s
r
re
Th
Th
Intra-RAT MLB
PS Handover;
ad
o
l
er
v
O
Load Control
Inter-RAT MLB
PS Handover;
Redirection;

Page38
Reject+Redirection;
Release+Redirection
;
For GBR
Intra-RAT MLB Procedure with X2

6 Option 1: Choose target cell by Blind
HO priority (if blind HO enabled)

Option 2: Require UE to scan
candidate target cells. Choose target
cell on UE report.
Option 3: If No UE supports PSHO.
Redirection can be applied.
2 Request
Uu
neighbor
cell load information
X2
3
1
Serving cell load exceeds Intra-RAT

MLB threshold
4 Make target cell candidate list
Reply with
cell load
information
7
HO Execution
LTE UE
5 Make UE candidate list, based on

RB usage and QoS configuration
LTE TDD eNodeB
LTE FDD/TDD
Not recommend Intra-RAT MLB w/o X2 for limited performance than X2 based MLB
Page39
Inter-RAT MLB Procedure

6 Option 1: Choose target cell by Blind
HO priority (if blind HO enabled)

Option 2: Require UE to scan
candidate target cells. Choose
target cell on UE report.
Option 3: If No UE supports PSHO.
Redirection can be applied.
2 Request neighbor
cell load status by

RIM
(Consider as normal,
if status exchange by
RIM is not supported)
Uu
S1 MME
3
Reply with
cell load
status by RIM
1 Serving cell load exceeds

Inter-RAT MLB threshold
MME
7
HO Execution
Multi-Mode UE
4 Make target cell candidate list

Make UE candidate list, based on
5 RB usage and QoS configuration
Lu-ps
S3/Gn
SGSN
LTE TDD eNodeB

Page40
GSM/UMTS
Inter-RAT Load Sharing via Redirection in IDLE Mod

e
UE RRC Connected
which has no traffic
will be released to
IDLE Mode.
UE
Target cell
Serving cell
RRC Connection
Release
Status
Unknown
UMTS Priority 5
TDD Priority 4
FDD Priority 3
eNodeB send RRC Release message to UE (which

is inactive for 20s), carrying RedirectedCarrierInfo
that specifies the frequency of the target cell.
T320 timer will work. Specified priority will be
effective until T320 expires.
(T320 will expire when UE service is active and
finished.)
2
TDD sends Individual
Priority to UE during
Idle Enter Procedures
Multi-Mode UE
UE redirected to target
based on the specified
frequency in redirection
message.
UE performs network
entry.
LTE TDD eNodeB
GSM/UMTS
This solution doesnt impact UE experience.

UE doesnt support PSHO can be offload to G/U with this scheme.
Page41
Load-Control-Based Redirection(GBR Servic

e)
Either UE in RRC
Connected mode or
UE
attempting
to
enter.
Based on UE priority.
UE
Status
Unknown
Overloaded
RRC Connection
Release
TDD Priority 5
FDD Priority 4
UMTS Priority 3
GSM Priority 2
1 eNodeB send RRC Release message

to UE, carrying RedirectedCarrierInfo
that specifies the frequency of the
target cell.
TDD sends Individual

Priority to UE during
Idle Enter Procedures
Multi-Mode UE
Target cell
Serving cell
Either Inter-RAT redirection or

Intra-RAT redirection when
UE doesnt support PSHO.
UE redirected to target
based on the specified
frequency
in
redirection
message.
UE performs network entry.
LTE TDD eNodeB
GSM/UMTS
It is recommended to reduce load through MLB, not load control.

Page42
Contents


Page43
Voice Service Continuity Solution

CS Fall Back
SRVCC
CS Voice
Paging
VoLTE
CS Voice
VoLTE
Dual-Standby
G/U/C
LTE
LTE
Voice / PS Data
G/U/C
G/U/C
LTE
LTE
G/U/C
Handover
EPC
LTE Data
PS Voice
VoLTE
SGs
CS Core
EPC
Sv
CS Core
Handover
EPC
S3/S4
PS Core
No Handover
EPC
PS Core
Access Transfer
Call
2010Q4, worlds 1st LTE to
UMTS/GSM CSFB call.
Jan. 2011, worlds 1st CSFB
call with commercial smart
phone.
Apr. 2012, 11 commercial
CSFB networks.
Access
Call
IMS
SRVCC: Single Radio Voice

Call Continuity
Call
IMS
May. 2011, worlds 1st VoLTE call.

Feb. 2012, joint VoLTE demo with
VDF in MWC 2012.
Call
IMS
2013, CMCC Commercial
Leverage CS
CS Voice
Voice Legacy
Legacy and
and Introduce
Introduce IMS
IMS PS
PS Voice
Voice Service
Service Progressively
Progressively
Leverage
Page44
CS Fall Back Solution for Voice

LTE
G/U/T/C
Voice falls
back to G/U/C
In the overlapped
coverage of LTE
and G/U/T/C
Reuse G/U/T/C
Core;
No additional core
equipment
Advantage
Principle
Provide voice service through G/U/C
network.
Two options for the PS data service:
Service handover to G/U/T PS service;
Service suspended until voice call is over,
then
continue
in
LTE
network.
(Suspending is enabled in CL PS now).
Enable Voice service quickly and

minimize new investment.

Page45
Architecture and Functionalities of NE for CSFB

Above 3GPP R8
SGs/ISUP Connection
with MME or SGs Proxy
Multi-mode G/U/L;
CSFB capability;
Mobility management and

paging procedures
between EPS and CS
domain.
MSC/
VLR
Gs
SGs
G/U
BTS
BSC/
RNC
SGSN
Gr
HSS
Gn
S6a
MME
Paging to UE for
CS domain.
Indicate UE to the
target CS cell.
LTE
eNodeB
Mirroring VLR number

and LAI with TAI.
SGs connection for
EPS/IMSI Attached UE
Paging to eNodeB & UE
Gn
S1-MME
S11
S1u
SGW
S5
PGW
Gx
PCRF

Page46
Fast Return From G/U to LTE
At the End
of A Voice
Call
Solution1:
Solution1:
Adjust
Adjust IDLE
IDLE
Timer
Timer
Less impact to
NodeB and EPC
Solution2:
Solution2:
NodeB
NodeB Force
Force
UE
Return
UE Return to
to
LTE
LTE
Need NodeB and
EPC support
redirection or
PSHO
No
No PS
PS
service
service
With
With PS
PS
service:
service:
Wait
Wait until
until
service
service stops
stops
With
With or
or
without
without PS
PS
service
service
If there is LTE
UE reselect to LTE
Frequency
There is NO
LTE
UE stay IDLE in UMTS
If there is LTE
NodeB redirect / PSHO

UE to LTE
RRC Connected
There is NO
LTE
NodeB should not

initiate redirection or
PSHO
There are 2 ways to determine if there is LTE coverage: (RRC connected)

1, Need UE support IRAT measurement. NodeB request UE measures LTE
neighbor before PSHO or redirection.
2, Only enable Solution 2 on NodeB when there is LTE in same area
Page47
Fast Return to LTE at the End of CSFB

Without fast return
BSC/
RNC
Release call with
CSFB indication
PS Ready LTE
PS
CSFB
CS call
LTE
cell
reselection
Enter IDLE and Reselect to LTE
With fast return
PS
Direct access
CSFB
GSM/UMTS
PS Ready
CS call
LTE
GSM/UMTS
frequency
info.
G/U
Description
Back to LTE
after CS call
At the end of a CSFB call in GSM/UMTS network, the frequency information of LTE cell is sent in RRC Connection
Release message in order to instruct the UE to camp on the LTE cell instead of cell re-selection to LTE.
Benefits
This feature accelerate the camping back to LTE after voice call release and reduce unreachable time of LTE user
Avoid the impact to non-CSFB user(e.g. UE may be out of network when trying to access LTE for about 10 seconds)

Page48
SRVCC Solution for Voice

LTE
GU
LTE
When UE
moving from
LTE coverage
to GSM/UMTS
with voice
service
SRVCC to GUT
Requires IMS and

EMSC deployment
Advantage
Principle
Provide VoLTE service for LTE

subscribers via IMS;
SRVCC for VoLTE to G/U CS call via
handover procedure;
GSM/UMTS
Introduce IMS solution;

PCC structure, future oriented
Convergent solution;

Page49
SRVCC: Architecture and Function

alities of NE
Enhanced MSC (with IWF)

SRVCC capability
Relocation procedure to CS.
Invoking session transfer procedure,
voice continuity through SCC AS.
Coordinating CS handover and
session transfer.
MSC/
VLR/IWF
Multi-mode G/U/L UE
IMS/SRVCC capability
Gs
Sv
BSC/
RNC
G/U BTS
SGSN
S12
S1-MME
LTE
eNodeB
S1u
S3
HSS
S6a
MME
S4
S11
SGW
S5
PS bearer splitting voice bearer (QCI=1)

from the non-voice bearer
Handling the non-voice HO to target cell
Initiating SRVCC of the IMS voice call to
the 2G/3G cell via Sv
PGW
Gx
Indication to MME about SRVCC

Determine the neighbor cell
supports SRVCC \
PCRF

Page50
SGi
Rx
IMS
eSRVCC Solution
SRVCC (R8)
eSRVCC (R10)
CS Voice
CS Voice
G/U
CS
MSC
G/U
CS
MSC
IMS
IMS
ATCF
LTE PS
EPC
SBC
PS Voice
Re-establish the call signaling and bearer

end to end.
IMS session transfer for remote end has
uncertain interruption, especially for:
long service handling duration
multiple nodes involved
complex service logic and triggering
roaming out of home network
LTE PS
PS Voice
signaling after HO
bearer after HO
EPC
SBC
ATGW
signaling before HO
bearer before HO
Remote end update is avoided to reduce

the interruption significantly (equal to HO
interruption of radio access, usually <
300ms).

Page51
Contents


Page52
Interworking Strategy of Operator S

LTE TDD 2.6G
Voice CSFB
(Based on
voice service)
Reselection/
Fast Return
(As soon as
voice
service
is
finished
and UE
under
LTE
coverag
e)
Huawei
1.5G UMTS
(Data)
Ericsson
2.1G UMTS
(Voice/Data)
Ericsson

Page53
Redirection
(Based on
coverage.
PS handover will be
enabled when
terminal is
available)
Offload
(Default camping on
LTE TDD.
Reselect to LTE
TDD when UE is
under LTE
coverage.
Redirection or
PSHO will be
enabled when
UMTS is able to
be upgraded)
Interworking Strategy of Operator B

LTE TDD 2.3G
Voice CSFB
To G/U
(Based on
voice
service)
Reselection
(As soon as
voice
service is
finished
and UE
under LTE
coverage)
LTE FDD
1.8G/2.6G
Huawei
900M/2.1G
UMTS
(Data)
Huawei, XXX(aother
operator)
900M/1.8G GSM
(Voice)
huawei

Page54
Load Balance
Redirection
(Based on coverage.
PS handover will be
enabled when
terminal is
available)
Offload to LTE
(Default camping on
LTE TDD. Reselect
to LTE TDD when UE
is under LTE
coverage.
Redirection or PSHO
will be enabled when
UMTS is able to be
upgraded)
Interworking Strategy of Operator C

Default Camping
LTE TDD 2.6G
GL Reselection
Voice CSFB
To G/T
(SRVCC in
future)
TL Reselection
TL Redirection
Fast Return
rSRVCC in
future
TDS-CDMA
GL Redirection
CCO/ eNACC
GSM

Page55
Interworking Cases(1)
Country /
Operator GU Vendor
region
Ericsson
G/U
EPC
Interworki
ng
Huawei
Coverage
-based
Japan
SBM
Hong
Kong
Huawei
G/U
GB
NSN U
(PCCW/H
Huawei
utchison)
LTE
FDD/TDD
Huawei
Coverage
-based
Saudi
STC
Ericsson ,
Huawei,
NSN G/U
Huawei
Coverage
-based
China
CMCC
Huawei
TDS
SA
Telkom
Huawei
G/U
Sweden
Net4M
UMTS
Voice
PS
Network
Structure
CSFB
Reselection between
LTE and UMTS
Redirection from LTE
to UMTS
Gn/Gp
CSFB(EMSC
) to G/U
(blind
redirection)
Reselection between
LTE and UMTS
to UMTS
Gn/Gp
CSFB
Redirection
Gn/Gp
Gn/Gp
Huawei
NSN
Gn/Gp
Coverage
- based
CSFB to
UMTS
(blind
redirection)
Reselection between
LTE and UMTS
to UMTS

Page56
Gn/Gp
Country /
region
Canada
Singapore
Germany
Japan
Operator
Bell/Telus
M1
VDF D2
eAccess
GU
Vendor
Huawei
UTMS
Huawei
GU
NSN
UMTS
Huawei
GU
Interworkin
g
Voice
CISCO
Coverage
- based
CSFB to
UMTS
(blind
redirecti
on)
Huawei
Coverage
- based
Loadbased
CSFB
EPC
NSN
Coveragebased
Ericsson
Coveragebased
Loadbased
CSFB to
GSM
(blind
redirectio
n)
CSFB to
UMTS
(blind
redirectio
n or
PSHO)
PS
Network
Structure
Reselection
between LTE and
UMTS
Gn/Gp
Redirection from
LTE to UMTS
Reselection
between LTE and
UMTS
Gn/Gp
PSHO from LTE to
UMTS
Reselection among
LTE UMTS GSM
Redirection from
LTE to UMTS or
GSM
Gn/Gp
Reselection among
LTE UMTS GSM
Redirection from
LTE to UMTS or
GSM
Gn/Gp

Page57
Country /
GU
Operator
region
Vendor
EPC
Norway
Telenor
Huawei
umts
Norway
Netcom
Huawei
GU
Huawei
Kuwait
Zain
Huawei
Huawei
Cisco
UAE
Etsalat
Huawei
huawei
Saudi
Zain
Huawei
Huawei
UAE
DU
huawei
Cisco
Interworki
ng
Voice
CSFB to
Coverage UMTS
-based
(blind
redirection)
CSFB to
Coverage UMTS
-based
(blind
redirection)
PS
Reselection between
LTE and UMTS
to UMTS
Reselection between
LTE and UMTS
to UMTS
Network
Strucuture
Gn/Gp
Gn/Gp
Gn/Gp
Coverage
-based
Reselection between
LTE and UMTS
to UMTS
Gn/Gp
Gn/Gp
Coverage
-based
Reselection between
LTE and UMTS
to UMTS

Page58
Gn/Gp
Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.


Page59
KPI Related to Interoperability(1/2)

Counter ID
Counter Name
1526726989
L.IRATHO.E2W.PrepAttOut
Number of Outgoing Handover Attempts from EUTRAN to UTRAN
1526726990
L.IRATHO.E2W.ExecAttOut
Number of Performed Outgoing Handovers from EUTRAN to UTRAN
1526726991
Counter Description
L.IRATHO.E2W.ExecSuccOu Number of Successful

t
UTRAN to UTRAN
Outgoing Handovers from E-
1526726992
L.IRATHO.E2G.PrepAttOut
Number of Outgoing Handover Attempts from EUTRAN to GERAN
1526726993
L.IRATHO.E2G.ExecAttOut
Number of Performed Outgoing Handovers from EUTRAN to GERAN
1526726994
L.IRATHO.E2G.ExecSuccOut
Number of Successful Outgoing Handovers from EUTRAN to GERAN

Page60
KPI Related to Interoperability(2/2)
LTE->WCDMA IRATHO _ E 2W _ SRout
L.IRATHO.E 2W.ExecSuc cOut

100%
L.IRATHO.E 2W.ExecAtt Out
IRATHO _ E 2G _ SRout
L.IRATHO.E 2G.ExecSuccOut
100%
L.IRATHO.E 2G.ExecAttOut
LTE->GSM

Page61
Traffic Statistics(1/2)
Redirection
Counter ID
Counter Name
Counter Description
1526728326
L.RRCRedirection.E2W
Number of Redirction to WCDMA
1526728330 L.RRCRedirection.E2W.PrepAtt
1526728327
L.RRCRedirection.E2G
1526728331 L.RRCRedirection.E2G.PrepAtt
Number of attempt Redirction to WCDMA

Number of Redirction to GERAN
Number of attempt Redirection to GERAN
CSFB
Counter ID
Counter Name
Counter Description
1526728321
L.CSFB.PrepAtt
Number of CS fallback indicators received by

the eNodeB
1526728322
L.CSFB.PrepSucc
Number of successful CS fallback responses

from the eNodeB
1526728323
L.CSFB.E2W
Number of CS fallback procedures to UTRAN
1526728324
L.CSFB.E2G
Number of CS fallback procedures to GERAN

Page62
Traffic Statistics(2/2)
Reasons of handover failure:
Counter ID
Counter Name
1526728316 L.IRATHO.E2W.Prep.FailOut.MME
Counter Description
Number of handover prepare failure from LTE
to WCDMA for MME reason

1526728317 L.IRATHO.E2W.Prep.FailOut.PrepFailure to WCDMA for prepare failure indication from
WCDMA
1526728318 L.IRATHO.E2C.Prep.FailOut.NoReply

to WCDMA for no reply with WCDMA
1526728306 L.IRATHO.E2G.Prep.FailOut.MME

to GERAN for MME reason
1526728307 L.IRATHO.E2G.Prep.FailOut.NoReply

to GERAN for no reply with GERAN

1526728308 L.IRATHO.E2G.Prep.FailOut.PrepFailure to GERAN for prepare failure indication from
GERAN

Page63
Drive Test Index

Via Assistant-based tool

Page64
Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.


Page65
Huawei Leading CSFB Commercialization
Nov. 2010
Huawei made
Worlds 1st LTE to
UMTS CSFB Call
Dec. 2010
Huawei made
Worlds 1st LTE to
GSM CSFB Call
Jan. 2011
Oct. 2012
Oct. 2012
Worlds 1st CSFB

Call with Commercial
Smartphone
Worlds 1st LTE TDD

CSFB with Commercial
SmartPhone
11 Commercial
CSFB
Networks
See the red star

Page66
Huawei LTE IOT Status (Main Terminal

s)
Module
Vendor
Chipset
Type
RAT
E398(1st LTE FDD/TDD USB

Dongle)
Huawei
Hisilicon Balong 700
USB Dongle
LTE(FDD/TDD)
E392u(1st GUL(F/T) USB

Dongle)
Huawei
Qualcomm MDM 9200
USB Dongle
GUL(FDD/TDD
)
E589u(1st GUL(F/T) mobile

wifi)
Huawei
Qualcomm MDM 9200
USB Dongle
GUL(FDD/TDD
)
B593(1st GUL(F/T) CPE)
Huawei
CPE
GUL(FDD/TDD
)
B222s(1st outdoor CPE)
Huawei
Altair FG3100
CPE
LTE(TDD)
9201L(1st GULSmartPhone)
(Chipset F/T Ready)
Huawei
Qualcomm MSM 8960
Smartphone
GUL(FDD/TDD
)
E5776
Huawei
Mobile WiFi
GUL(FDD/TDD
)
E3276
Huawei
USB Dongle
GUL(FDD/TDD
)

Page67
Huawei LTE IOT Status (Main Chipset

s)
Module
Vendor
3GPP
version
Cat
RAT
MDM 9200
Qualcomm
R8
Cat 3
GUCL
MDM9600
Qualcomm
R8
Cat 3
GUCL
MSM 8960
Qualcomm
R9
Cat 3
GUTCL
MDM 9X15
Qualcomm
R9
Cat 3
GUTCL
XMM7060
Intel
R8
Cat 3
GUL
Balong 700
Hisilicon
R8
Cat3
LTE
Balong 710
Hisilicon
R9
Cat 4
GUL
FG3100
Altair
R9
Cat 4
GUL
LC1760
LeadCore
R8
Cat 3
TDS-CDMA, LTE TDD
SQN3010
Sequans
R8
Cat 3
LTE

Page68
Mainstream Chipset Capabilities

Snapdragon MSM 8960
3GPP R9
LTE TDD/FDD/HSPA+/GSM
CSFB,
Redirection, PSHO,
IRAT Measurement
Balong 710
3GPP R9
LTE TDD/FDD/TDS-CDMA/UMTS/GSM
CSFB/SRVCC(2013Q1)
Redirection, PSHO
IRAT Measurement

Page69
Summary
Incentive of Interoperability
Structure Key Interface of Interoperability
Deployment Strategy of Interoperability
Networking Strategy of Interoperability
Procedure of Interoperability
Coverage-based/Load-based Solution of of Interoperability
KPI Related of Interoperability
Cases of Interoperability

Page70
GU Matching Version List

Target
System
GSM
UMTS
Capacity of Target RAN
The Lowest
Version
The Version
Suggested
GSM->LTE Cell Reselection
GBSS12.0
GBSS14.0
LTE->GSM PSHO
GBSS12.0
GBSS14.0
LTE->GSM CCO/NACC
GBSS12.0
GBSS14.0
LTE->GSM SRVCC
GBSS12.0
GBSS14.0
UMTS->LTE Cell Reselection
RAN 12
RAN 14
LTE->UMTS PSHO
RAN 13
RAN 14
LTE->UMTS SRVCC
RAN 15
Not published
yet
Thank you
www.huawei.com

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GUL Interoperability Ov

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Describe GUL Interoperability Networking Strategy

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

GUL Interoperability Overview

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE Network Challenges

Risk of Customer Experience

Lack of End to End Solution

Lack of Network Deployment

Economical LTE Rollout

Flexible Site Solution

Voice & SMS on LTE

LTE is the future, but opportunities always stay with challenges

Operators Main Concerns

Technology selection for

Data service first.

on hotspot and dense

end user experience

QoE of new LTE subs;

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Function Requirement for Interoperabilit

Ensure Service Continuity

Try to receive data services as

far as possible in LTE so as to

GSM/UMTS provide voice service to make up the

Impose the minimum influence

Make use of GSM/UMTS to share the load of LTE

on networks and subscribes

during network upgrading

Make UEs in low data service rate handover to

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Performance Requirements for Interoper

Require High Speed Service

Set IRAT parameters

Service experience trend

Avoid IRAT ping-pang

LTE > UMTS > GSM

IRAT Interoperability success rate

IRAT Interoperability time delay

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE Deployment Strategy

Hot spot / Dense Urban

Limited spectrum options

More spectrum available

Mainly dedicated for data service

Independent EPC to minimize impact on CN

Load sharing strategy

Keep service continuity via 2G/3G network

Service based mobility

No impact on the stability of 2G/3G network

Enhance Network performance and end

Enable seamless service experience between LTE and G/U systems

Network interworking design

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Two Optional Network Structures for Inte

LTE TDD/FDD eNodeB

Advantage of Option 1: Gn/Gp (GTP V1)

Advantage of Option 2: S3/S4 (GTP V2 )

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

GUL Interworking Procedure with Scenes

Cell reselection, PLMN

Cell reselection, PLMN